Effect of White Potatoes on Glycemic Response, Satiety and Food Intake in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the present study is to explore the influence of cooking methods on post-prandial glycaemia and its impact on satiety in children.

Detailed Description
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Each of the 5 study sessions will be at least 7 days apart. Either meal skipping, or one of three treatments of white potatoes (a) baked (with skin), (b) mashed, (c) fried French fries, or white bread, prepared on the day of testing, will be served to healthy children (9-14 years). Participants will consume the equivalent to 1 medium sized potato ( 280 kcal) or an equivalent amount of calories from white bread. Glycemic response, insulin, incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and cholecystokinin (CCK) will be measured for 2 h (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min) following meal consumption, as well as mood and subjective appetite. An ad libitum test meal will be provided at 120 min to assess food intake suppression.

Official Title
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Effect of White Potatoes on Glycemic Response, Satiety and Food Intake in Children

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: White bread
* Other: Baked potato with skin
* Other: Mashed potato served hot
* Other: Fried French fries
* Other: Meal skipping


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: be between 9 and 14 years of age be healthy, and have been born at term be a native English speaker not be taking any medications not have allergies to potatoes, rice, or beans. normal body weight (between the 5th and 85th BMI percentile for age and gender) Exclusion Criteria: anyone with food sensitivities or allergies to potatoes or potato-products, smokers diabetic or overweight/obese individuals.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 9 Years
Maximum Age: 14 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: White bread<br>Matched for energy content and available carbohydrate content of potato treatments | Other: White bread<br>* Toasted, with canola oil added to match for fat content of French fries (13.9 grams), as well as being matched for energy (280 kilocalories) and available carbohydrate content (33 grams) of potato treatments.<br>|
| Experimental: Baked potato with skin<br>Baked russet potato | Other: Baked potato with skin<br>* Baked russet potato with canola oil added once baked to match for fat content of French fries, and also matched for the salt content of white bread (280 milligrams).<br>|
| Experimental: Mashed potato served hot<br>Mashed potatoes prepared from frozen, matched for available carbohydrate content of baked potato | Other: Mashed potato served hot<br>* Mashed potatoes prepared from frozen, with canola oil added to match for fat content of French fries, as well as being matched for energy and available carbohydrate content of the baked potato.<br>|
| Experimental: Fried French fries<br>Matched for available carbohydrate content of baked potato | Other: Fried French fries<br>* Prepared from frozen, matched for energy and available carbohydrate content of baked potato and salt content of white bread.<br>|
| Experimental: Meal skipping<br>No food given | Other: Meal skipping<br>* No food given<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ad libitum food intake (lunch, at 120 minutes) | Food intake will be determined by weighing the meal before and after serving. The net weight of the test meal will be converted to calories | at 120 minutes post morning meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline glycemic response | Blood glucose (mmol/L). Blood glucose will be measured in whole blood using YSI 2300 STAT PLUS (YSI Incorporated, Yellow Springs, OH) | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline insulin | Blood insulin (pmol/L). Insulin concentration in serum will be determined in duplicate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA; Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts). | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline subjective appetite | Measured using visual analogue scale (mm). Each VAS is a 100 mm line where they will place a pencil mark to describe their feelings. | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline mood | Measured using visual analogue scale (mm). Each VAS is a 100 mm line where they will place a pencil mark to describe their feelings. | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline cholecystokinin (CCK) | Blood CCK (pmol/L). CCK concentration in serum will be determined in duplicate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA; Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts). | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) | Blood DPP4 (ng/mL). DPP4 concentration in serum will be determined in duplicate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA; Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts). | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) | Blood GIP (pmol/L). GIP concentration in serum will be determined in duplicate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA; Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts). | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 
| Change from baseline glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) | Blood GLP-1 (pmol/L). GLP-1 concentration in serum will be determined in duplicate via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA; Millipore, Billerica, Massachusetts). | 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after meal consumption | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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White potatoes, Children, Satiety, Glycaemia