Effect of Different Pranayama Breathing Techniques on Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the current study is to compare between the effect of Bhramari pranayama versus Sheetali pranayama on quality of life in hypertensive patients.

Detailed Description
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People with hypertension have poorer sleep quality, less physical activity and more psychological stress than those with normal blood pressure. It has been shown that sleep affects vitality and health status and that sleep problems affect daily functioning and QOL, and so it can be assumed that in patients with hypertension, sleep problems will have a negative effect on QOL (Uchmanowicz et al., 2019). Yogic breathing exercises are known as Pranayamas and are considered a form of meditation in itself, as well as a preparation for deep meditation. They promote physical well-being and self-awareness, improve lung and cognitive capacities, reduce blood pressure, anxiety, and other psychosomatic patterns, probably by increasing the parasympathetic tone. Pranayama alone has demonstrated numerous beneficial health effects, including stress relief, beneficial cardiovascular effect, improved respiratory function, and enhanced cognition (Jayawardena et al.,2020 ). Since there is no study examined effect of Bhramari versus Sheetali on quality of life, physical fitness and stress in hypertensive elderly, this study aimed to examine this comparison.

Official Title
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Effect of Bhramari Versus Sheetali Pranayama on Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients

Conditions
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Hypertension, Stress, Aging Problems

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: pranayama breathing


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Sixty elderly are selected from both sexes. 2-Their age ranges from 60-75 years old. 3-Hypertensive patients (SBP is 140 -159 mmHg and/or DBP is 90-99 mmHg). 4-Their body mass index (BMI) ranged from < 30kg/m2. 5-All patients are medically stable. Exclusion Criteria: - patients with cardiac problems e.g. atrial fibrillation, left bundle-branch block, heart failure, Recent myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, or participation in cardiac rehabilitation following bypass surgery. 2- Patients with history, symptoms of, and/or laboratory reports suggestive of renal, neurologic, or hepatic complications. 3-Patients who have difficulty in rolling the tongue for Sheetali practice as stroke or Bell's palsy. 4- Tongue swelling in case of acromegaly, amyloidosis, Myxedema and tongue cancer. 5- Tongue pain in case of diabetic neuropathy, mouth ulcers, oral cancer and burn in the mouth. 6- Chronic smokers and alcoholics. 7- Severe ear infections that interfere with bhramari breathing.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Bhramari pranayama breathing<br>Bhrāmarī Prāṇāyāma breathing involves inhalation through both nostrils and producing humming sound of a bee while exhaling (Nivethitha et al., 2016). | Other: pranayama breathing<br>* Bhramari and sheetali pranayama breathing<br>|
| Experimental: Sheetali pranayama breathing<br>Sheetali pranayama involve inhalation through extension of the tongue outside the mouth and roll the sides of the tongue up so that it would form a tube. At the end of inhalation, the tongue is drawn in, mouth is closed and exhale through the nose (Thanalakshmi et al., 2014). | Other: pranayama breathing<br>* Bhramari and sheetali pranayama breathing<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cortisol | serum cortisol level | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nitric oxide | serum nitric oxide | 3 months | 
| systolic blood pressure | systolic blood pressure | 3 months | 
| diastolic blood pressure | diastolic blood pressure | 3 months | 
| 30 seconds sit to stand test | physical fitness assessment | 3 months | 
| SF12 quality of life questionnaire | quality of life questionnaire | 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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physical activity, pranayama, quality of life, blood pressure