Evaluation of Styloid Chain Calcification to the Patient With the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study was to evaluate any relation between elongated styloid process (ESP) and type of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD).

Detailed Description
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The styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone is a long conical cartilaginous projection lies anterior to the mastoid process. Patients who have ESP or styloid chain calcification are usually asymptomatic, only 4% are symptomatic. Symptoms vary as different syndromes which related affected anatomic structures by calcified process or ligament. Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) describe the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disfunction that divided three branches according to temporomandibular joint's disc status: non-displacement (ND), displacement with reduction (DWR) and displacement without reduction (DWoR). Since orofacial pain shows similar features in both ESP or styloid chain calcification and TMD, it is possible to confuse and misdiagnosis both of these clinical conditions. This study aimed to investigate the length and calcification pattern of the styloid process in patients with TMD diagnosis.

Official Title
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Evaluation of Styloid Chain Calcification to the Patient With the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: a Retrospective Uncontrolled Cohort Study

Conditions
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Styloid-Stylohoid Syndrome, Temporomandibular Disorder

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Dysfunction(TMD) TMD patients with MR and CBCT images recorded in the digital archive. Exclusion Criteria: operated or treated for any Temporomandibular Joint Diseases head and neck trauma orthodontic treatment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 81 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Temporomandibular Dysfunction<br>For this study, 154 patient files who were admitted to the radiology department of the faculty of dentistry between 2013 and 2019 with complaints such as TMJ pain, mouth opening restriction, joint sound, joint function disorder were scanned retrospectively. Inclusion criteria: TMD patients with MR and CBCT images recorded in the digital archive. Exclusion criteria: Patients who have been operated or treated from TMJ, patients with head and neck trauma, patients with orthodontic treatment. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Styloid chain calsifiaction pattern | Interpretation of Styloid chain calsifiaction pattern on reconstructed sagittal slices of CBCT. | 2 months | 
| Styloid processes length | Styloid processes length measured linearly on reconstructed sagittal slices of CBCT. | 2 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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magnetic resonance imaging, cone beam computed tomography, temporomandibular dysfunction, Styloid-Stylohoid Syndrome