Investigation of Brain Oxygenation and Blood Flow in Smokers

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in tobacco use disorder and their relation to smoking abstinence will be measured with MRI ändern in Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow in tobacco use disorder

Detailed Description
-----------------
In this study, cerebral oxygenation and tobacco-related attentional bias in smokers and non-smokers will be measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) are to be measured in smokers and non-smokers using MRI. On the one hand, the influence of chronic smoking (i.e. smokers versus non-smokers) and on the other hand the effect of acute nicotine administration (in smokers) on these parameters will be examined. Furthermore, the influence of these parameters on fMRI results is to be investigated using the example of a stimulus-reaction task. It can be assumed that the OEF does not change through nicotine administration, but differs in smokers and non-smokers and is associated with the strength of tobacco addiction in smokers. CBF and CMRO2 are expected to be reduced in abstinent smokers, but can be normalized by nicotine administration. In this study, 20 smokers and 10 never-smokers will be investigated. Never-smokers will be examined once with MRI and questionnaires, whereas smokers will be examined twice: before and after a smoking break.

Official Title
-----------------
Investigation of Oxygenation and Blood Flow in the Brain of Smokers and Their Relation to Smoking Abstinence.

Conditions
-----------------
Cerebral Oxygenation and Blood Flow in Tobacco Use Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: no intervention


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: age between 18 and 65 right-handed normal or correctable eyesight Sufficient ability to communicate with the investigators, to answer questions in oral and written form Fully Informed Consent Written Informed Consent Group 1 - Smokers: Occasional smoker or tobacco consumption disorder according to DSM 5 Group 2 - Never-Smokers: Consumption of less than 20 cigarettes in life Exclusion Criteria: women: pregnancy Withdrawal of the declaration of consent Exclusion criteria for an MRI scan severe internal, neurological and psychiatric comorbidities Pharmacotherapy with psychoactive substances within the last 14 days Current substance abuse Axis 1 disorder according to ICD-10 and DSM 5 (except tobacco use disorder and specific phobia within the last 12 months)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| smokers<br>no intervention | Other: no intervention<br>* observational study<br>|
| never-smokers<br>no intervention | Other: no intervention<br>* observational study<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| MRI data | oxygenation, blood flow and fMRI data; in smokers pre and post smoking; in never-smokers one session | MRI measurement at one day |