Weight Stigma by Association in Parent-Child Dyads

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Parents of children with obesity report feeling blamed for their children's weight and reluctant to seek pediatric care after stigmatizing experiences. This weight stigma by association may have direct consequences for parents, children, and the parent-child relationship. The present study builds on qualitative evidence to experimentally test weight stigma and weight stigma by association in a parent-child relationship using a large, community-based sample. In an experiment conducted via an online survey, participants were randomly assigned to view a picture of a parent-child dyad, for which parent and child's gender (male vs. female) and weight status (with obesity vs. without obesity) were manipulated. Participants read identical general parenting descriptions that adhered to American Academy of Pediatrics parenting recommendations, then rated the parent's effectiveness, helpfulness, and caring.

Official Title
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Weight Stigma by Association Among Parents of Children With Obesity

Conditions
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Childhood Obesity, Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Mother with obesity, daughter with obesity
* Other: Mother with obesity, daughter without obesity
* Other: Mother without obesity, daughter with obesity
* Other: Mother without obesity, daughter without obesity
* Other: Mother with obesity, son with obesity
* Other: Mother with obesity, son without obesity
* Other: Mother without obesity, son with obesity
* Other: Mother without obesity, son without obesity
* Other: Father with obesity, daughter with obesity
* Other: Father with obesity, daughter without obesity
* Other: Father without obesity, daughter with obesity
* Other: Father without obesity, daughter without obesity
* Other: Father with obesity, son with obesity
* Other: Father with obesity, son without obesity
* Other: Father without obesity, son with obesity
* Other: Father without obesity, son without obesity


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: at least 18 years of age Exclusion Criteria: Standard exclusion criteria were duplicate IP addresses, response times < 60s or > 3600s (the allotted time to complete the survey), or failure to complete the parenting questionnaire.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: We conducted a 2 (parent with versus without obesity) x 2 (child with versus without obesity) x 2 (daughter versus son) x 2 (mother versus father) between-subjects experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 16 conditions. However, only five a priori hypotheses were tested.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Mother with obesity, daughter with obesity<br>Image of a mother with obesity and a daughter with obesity. | Other: Mother with obesity, daughter with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother with obesity and a daughter with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother with obesity, daughter without obesity<br>Image of a mother with obesity and a daughter without obesity. | Other: Mother with obesity, daughter without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother with obesity and a daughter without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother without obesity, daughter with obesity<br>Image of a mother without obesity and a daughter with obesity. | Other: Mother without obesity, daughter with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother without obesity and a daughter with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother without obesity, daughter without obesity<br>Image of a mother without obesity and a daughter without obesity. | Other: Mother without obesity, daughter without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother without obesity and a daughter without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother with obesity, son with obesity<br>Image of a mother with obesity and a son with obesity. | Other: Mother with obesity, son with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother with obesity and a son with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother with obesity, son without obesity<br>Image of a mother with obesity and a son without obesity. | Other: Mother with obesity, son without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother with obesity and a son without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother without obesity, son with obesity<br>Image of a mother without obesity and a son with obesity. | Other: Mother without obesity, son with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother without obesity and a son with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Mother without obesity, son without obesity<br>Image of a mother without obesity and a son without obesity. | Other: Mother without obesity, son without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a mother without obesity and a son without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father with obesity, daughter with obesity<br>Image of a father with obesity and a daughter with obesity. | Other: Father with obesity, daughter with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father with obesity and a daughter with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father with obesity, daughter without obesity<br>Image of a father with obesity and a daughter without obesity. | Other: Father with obesity, daughter without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father with obesity and a daughter without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father without obesity, daughter with obesity<br>Image of a father without obesity and a daughter with obesity. | Other: Father without obesity, daughter with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father without obesity and a daughter with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father without obesity, daughter without obesity<br>Image of a father without obesity and a daughter without obesity. | Other: Father without obesity, daughter without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father without obesity and a daughter without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father with obesity, son with obesity<br>Image of a father with obesity and a son with obesity. | Other: Father with obesity, son with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father with obesity and a son with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father with obesity, son without obesity<br>Image of a father with obesity and a son without obesity. | Other: Father with obesity, son without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father with obesity and a son without obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father without obesity, son with obesity<br>Image of a father without obesity and a son with obesity. | Other: Father without obesity, son with obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father without obesity and a son with obesity.<br>|
| Experimental: Father without obesity, son without obesity<br>Image of a father without obesity and a son without obesity. | Other: Father without obesity, son without obesity<br>* Participants in this group were shown an image of a father without obesity and a son without obesity.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parenting evaluation | Participants responded to the prompt, To what extent do you perceive the parenting approach to be effective/helpful/caring? and rated the characteristic on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all, 5 = Very). | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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childhood obesity, weight stigma by association, parenting