Oral Habits Effect on Orofacial Dysfunction and Oral Health Related Quality of Life.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of oral habits on orofacial dysfunction and oral health related quality of life among a group of Egyptian children.

Detailed Description
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Child's OHRQoL is assessed in terms of four main categories: oral symptoms as pain and discomfort, functional limitations as reduced masticatory efficiency due to malocclusion, emotional limitations as reduced self-esteem and social limitations as being teased by other children. Deleterious Oral Habit is believed to be associated with emotional disturbances and orofacial dysfunction which will certainly affect child's OHRQoL. Sucking habits, mouth breathing habits and tongue thrusting habits are found to be the most deleterious habits, especially in the selected age group of (5-7) years. It was found that these three deleterious habits are the most practiced habits among Egyptian children aging from 6-9 years (19.6%). Up to the investigator's knowledge, there are very scanty studies investigating the effect of orofacial dysfunction on OHRQoL in children, only one of them was conducted on children practicing oral habits, but none of them was conducted on Egyptian children.

Official Title
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Effect of Oral Habits on Orofacial Dysfunction and Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among a Group of Egyptian Children: Cohort Study

Conditions
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Oral Habits, Oro-Facial Dysfunction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Practicing oral habits


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Cooperative Egyptian children aging from (5 - 7) years. Medically free children. Children whose families accept to participate in this study. Exclusion Criteria: Children with untreated caries. Children with previous untreated dental trauma. Children with previous orthodontic treatment Children with upper respiratory disease Children having one or more of the following conditions: MIH, amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, hypodontia, dental fluorosis.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 7 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| C group<br>C group: control group, children who do not practice oral habits. | |
| E group<br>E group: exposed group, children who practicing oral habits. | Behavioral: Practicing oral habits<br>* children who practice one or more of the specified oral habits ( mouth breathing, object sucking, or tongue thrusting) are considered exposed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Orofacial dysfunction | Measured by Nordic Orofacial Test Screen. Measuring Unit: Scores (from 0 to 12) consists of two main parts: First part is NOT-S Interview and the second part is NOT-S Examination. Each part contains six domains as following (Appendix 2): • NOT-S Interview: I. Sensory function. II. Breathing. III. Habits. IV. Chewing and swallowing. V. Drooling. VI. Dry mouth. • NOT-S Examination: Face at rest. Nose breathing. Facial expression. Masticatory muscle and jaw function. Oral motor function. Speech | Baseline: Child will be examined for once. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oral Health Related Quality of Life | Measured by: Parental Caregiver Perciption Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale. Measuring Unit: Scores, For Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire: from 0 to 32 For Family Impact scale : from 0 to 32. Parental- Caregiver Perception Questionnaire consists of 4 sections: Oral symptoms domain (2 items). Functional limitation domain (2 items). Emotional well-being domain (2 items). Social well-being domain (2 items). Family Impact Scale consists of 3 sections: Parental emotions domain (2 items). Parental / family activity domain (4 items). Family conflict domain (2 items). | Baseline: the questionnaire will be filled by child's caregiver for once. |