Infant Feeding Practices in Transition: Breast Milk Intake, Complementary Feeding and Body Composition During Infancy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Research Aim: We assessed human milk intakes of Thai infants during the first 6 months comparing exclusive (EBF), predominant (PBF) and partial (PartBF) breastfeeding. Methods: One-hundred and ten apparently healthy Thai lactating mother-infant pairs were followed from birth. Human milk intakes were determined at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, using the DTM method. Daily energy and protein intakes were assessed using 3-day non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. For comparisons among breastfeeding practices, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used for normally distributed data, or Kruskal-Wallis Test with Mann-Whitney U Test for not normally distributed data.

Detailed Description
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Human milk intakes were comparable between the EBF and PBF infants during the first 6 months, and provided the sole source of energy and protein; infant formula largely replaced breast milk among PartBF infants.

Official Title
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Infant Feeding Practices in Transition: Breast Milk Intake, Complementary Feeding and Body Composition During Infancy

Conditions
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Breast Feeding

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: no intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Apparently healthy women aged 20-35 year Had pre-pregnancy BMI in the normal range (18.5-25 kg/m2) Planned to breastfeed their baby for at least 6 months Being full term infants (gestational age 37-42 weeks) and singleton Had normal birth weight (2,500 - 4,000 g) Signed written informed consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Infant: preterm; twin; low and high birth weight; congenital diseases Mother: chronic diseases needed to get medicine and treatment; underweight and obesity Mother and baby did not stay together throughout 12 months of infant age

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Weeks
Maximum Age: 6 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)<br>provision of breast milk only, allowing only receiving oral rehydration salts (ORS), drops and syrups (vitamins, minerals, medicines) as necessary | Other: no intervention<br>* Measure human intake using stable isotope technique<br>* Other names: Observational study;|
| Predominant breastfeeding (PBF)<br>providing breast milk plus other liquids (water and water-based drinks, fruit juice) and ORS, drops and syrups (vitamins, minerals, medicines) | Other: no intervention<br>* Measure human intake using stable isotope technique<br>* Other names: Observational study;|
| Partial breastfeeding (PartBF)<br>provision of breast milk plus infant formula or cow milk or other solid/semi-solid complementary foods | Other: no intervention<br>* Measure human intake using stable isotope technique<br>* Other names: Observational study;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Human milk intake of Thai breastfed infants during the first 6 months using the dose-to-mother deuterium dilution method | assessed human milk intakes of Thai infants during the first 6 months comparing exclusive (EBF), predominant (PBF) and partial (PartBF) breastfeeding | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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human milk intake, dose-to-mother deuterium oxide, exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding