Effect of Two Exercise Programs on Bone Strength and Architecture

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Bone responds according to the load placed on it. In this study, investigators want to know if exercise that loads the body in exercises, like walking or jogging (Ground Reaction Forces: GRF), affects bone differently than exercises that load the joints, like weight lifting (Joint Reaction Forces: JRF). Participants will exercise at least 3 times a week for 6 months. Measures of bone strength and mass, muscular strength, and aerobic fitness will be taken at the beginning and the end of the 6 month program. Period blood samples will be taken for future analysis of blood markers.

Official Title
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Effect of Two Exercise Programs on Bone Strength and Architecture

Conditions
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Osteoporosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Ground Reaction Forces
* Behavioral: Joint Reaction Forces


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: non-smoker in generally good health not physically active (less than 60 minutes of purposeful exercise/week) able to travel to the exercise facility a minimum of 3 times/week Exclusion Criteria: use of glucocorticoids abnormal resting EKG angina and/or evidence of acute myocardial ischemia during a treadmill test resting blood pressure above 150 mmHg systolic of 90 mmHg diastolic anti-resorptive drug use in the last 2 years initiation of treatments that could impact bone metabolism (diuretics, hormones, bine anabolic agents) in the prior 6 months dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) t-score <+ -2.5 at the femoral neck and/or lumbar spine serum vitamin D concentration <20 ng/mL uncontrolled thyroid disease any contraindications to regular exercise

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Ground Reaction Forces<br>Participants will have an individualized exercise program that includes walking, jogging, stair climbing, and box jumping. | Behavioral: Ground Reaction Forces<br>* 6 month exercise program that loads the body via gravitational forces.<br>|
| Experimental: Joint Reaction Forces<br>Participants will have an individualized exercise program that includes weight lifting and aerobic rowing. | Behavioral: Joint Reaction Forces<br>* 6 month exercise program that loads the body via loading the joints.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Volumetric Bone Mineral Density (vBMD) | Measured via quantitative computed tomography (QCT) | Baseline and 6 month | 
| Change in Areal Bone Mineral Density (aBMD) | Measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | Baseline and 6 month | 
| Change in Bone Strength | Measured via finite element analysis (FEA) from QCT | Baseline and 6 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in 1-Repetition Maximum (1RM) |  | Baseline and 6 month | 
| Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake (cardiovascular fitness) |  | Baseline and 6 month |