Comparison of Malassezia Spp Proportions in Inflammatory and Non Inflammatory Facial Acne Vulgaris Lesions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory condition involving pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial and skin microbiome is considered to be one of the key factors that aggravate inflammation. Malassezia spp is normal flora on the skin and several studies have reported its corelation with inflammatory AV lesion. Malassezia have higher lipase activity compared to Propionibacterium acnes which triggers an increase in free fatty acid and glycerol, the chemotactic factors towards neutrophils and inducing inflammation in AV. Malassezia folliculitis (MF) is sometimes confused with and may present together with AV. Pruritus usually presents in MF but some studies also reported itching as common symptom in AV. The objectives of this study were to identify the presence and the distribution of Malassezia spp. in facial AV lesions, to compare the distribution of Malassezia spp. between inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions and to identify the association between Malassezia spp in acne lesions and pruritus symptom.

Detailed Description
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This study used cross sectional design study. Subjects with eligible criteria were included. Subjects were divided into subjects with inflammatory lesions and subjects with non inflammatory lesions. Physical examination consisted of assesment of AV severity (using Lehman criteria) and presence of pruritus based on visual analog scale. Clinical documetations were taken. Follicular content of four inflammatory lesions or four non inflammatory lesions were collected for microscopic examination with KOH solution and fungal culture examination (using CHROMagar Malassezia, Dextrose Saboraud agar (DSA), and Tween 60-esculin agar). The presence of Malassezia spp and its spore load in both groups were assesed and analyzed for its corelation with AV severity and presence of pruritus.

Official Title
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Comparison of Malassezia Spp Proportions in Inflammatory and Non Inflammatory Facial Acne Vulgaris Lesions

Conditions
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Acne Vulgaris

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Clinical and laboratory examination


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects with age of 15-49 years with AV and the presence of at least four inflammatory and four non-inflammatory lesions Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with prior topical retinoid acid or topical antifungal medication within the past two weeks, systemic antibiotic or antifungal use within the past month, and corticosteroid use within the past six months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 49 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Subjects with inflammatory AV lesions<br>Clinical examination Laboratory examination (follicular content of acne lesions were obtained for fungal microscopic examination and fungal culture) | Other: Clinical and laboratory examination<br>* Clinical and laboratory examination (follicular content of acne lesions were obtained for fungal microscopic examination and fungal culture)<br>|
| Subjects with non inflammatory AV lesions<br>Clinical examination Laboratory examination (follicular content of acne lesions were obtained for fungal microscopic examination and fungal culture) | Other: Clinical and laboratory examination<br>* Clinical and laboratory examination (follicular content of acne lesions were obtained for fungal microscopic examination and fungal culture)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Proportion of Malassezia spp. from culture examination | Proportion of Malassezia spp. from culture of inflammatory and non-inflammatory facial AV lesions | Sample collected during subjects enrollment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Proportion of fungal spore load based on microscopic examination | Proportion of fungal spore load of inflammatory and non-inflammatory facial AV lesions based on microscopic examination graded using Jacinto Jamora criteria | Sample collected during subjects enrollment | 
| Presence and severity of pruritus | Presence and severity of pruritus graded using visual analog scale in correlation with the presence of Malassezia spp and its spore load | Data collected during subjects enrollment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Acne lesion, Malassezia spp, skin microbiome, pruritus