Modulation of Brain Plasticity After Perinatal Stroke

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Newborn stroke is the leading cause of a common type of cerebral palsy (CP) that affects thousands of Canadian children and families. Treatments for CP are generally ineffective, and have traditionally focused on the weak body rather than the injured brain. Understanding how the newborn brain responds to injuries like stroke (plasticity) carries the greatest potential for better treatments. We propose to study the ability of two interventions to modulate brain plasticity toward better function in children with stroke-induced CP. One is a rehabilitation method called constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), the other is a type of non-invasive brain stimulation called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS is safe and comfortable for children and we recently showed it could improve motor function in children with stroke. We will perform a special study to test both treatments simultaneously. Children 7-18 years with stroke-induced CP will be recruited into the study from across Alberta. Each child will randomly receive either TMS, CIMT, both, or neither each day for two weeks while attending our new HemiKids Power Camp for motor learning. Improvements will be measured by trained therapists over 1 year. TMS will also measure brain plasticity, both initially and following treatment. Our lead investigator is an expert in both newborn stroke and TMS and has assembled an experienced team of accomplished collaborators to ensure the completion of this important work. This will be the largest study of children with CP examined in this manner. This will be the first clinical trial of non-invasive brain stimulation (TMS) in CP, the largest trial of CIMT (and the first exclusive to newborn stroke), and the first study allowing the direct comparison of two different therapies. In establishing the first dedicated pediatric TMS laboratory in Canada, we will be the first to measure plasticity changes in newborn stroke, advancing new treatments of this previously untreatable and disabling disease. Patient recruitment is currently underway at Alberta Children's Hospital. Application is currently underway to expand recruitment to Northern Alberta through the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital and Stollery Children's Hospital, to enable patients from Northern Alberta greater opportunity to participate as subjects in this study.

Detailed Description
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Perinatal stroke is the leading cause of the most common term-born cerebral palsy: hemiplegic CP (HCP). With morbidity spanning all aspects of a child's life and lasting for decades, global impact is large. Mechanisms are poorly understood and prevention strategies remain elusive. Treatments are limited, leading to loss of hope in children and families that merits exploration of new interventions. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) may benefit but proper clinical trials are required. The investigators clinical-radiographic classifications have established perinatal stroke syndromes correlating with neurological outcome. Most common are: (1) arterial ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (AIS-MCA) featuring cortical and subcortical damage acquired at birth and (2) periventricular venous infarction (PVI), a novel subcortical injury acquired in utero. These syndromes differ in the essential variables for plastic organization after perinatal injury: location and timing. In addition, recent animal and human studies suggest they may share a similar maladaptive plasticity whereby motor control of the weak side is installed in the non-lesioned hemisphere during development. Despite the ideal plasticity model such focal injury in a young brain provides, studies have been limited and suffer from small numbers of older patients with heterogeneous lesions. The value of studying plastic organization will be realized upon translation into meaningful patient benefits. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers non-invasive measurement of the neurophysiological brain properties underlying neuroplasticity. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) may modulate such systems with therapeutic effect. the investigators recently demonstrated the ability of rTMS to improve motor function in children with chronic stroke. Advances in perinatal brain injury and neurodevelopment are, for the first time, affording novel windows of opportunity for interventions to direct plastic organization toward better outcomes. Via the Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project (APSP), the investigators propose a clinical trial of two interventions to improve function in HCP while measuring the fundamental neurophysiological properties at play. Aim 1. Determine if rTMS and CIMT can improve motor function in HCP. Hypothesis: Two weeks of daily rTMS improves motor function at 30 days. Aim 2. Define the neurophysiology of motor organization in stroke-induced HCP at baseline and following rTMS and CIMT. Hypothesis: rTMS and CIMT reduce excitability of the non-lesioned motor cortex. Population-based studies through the Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project (APSP) are establishing the largest perinatal stroke cohort to date. The investigators will complete a factorial 2 x 2 randomized clinical trial to determine the ability of daily rTMS and CIMT to improve motor function in children with HCP. Families will attend a child-centered, custom-designed intensive motor learning rehabilitation program (KidsCan Power Camp) for 2 weeks. Outcomes include validated measures of motor function and CP quality of life. The investigators will simultaneously measure the neurophysiology of plastic organization using TMS including cortical excitability, interhemispheric inhibition, and short interval intracortical inhibition. Baseline measures will define organization patterns while post-interventional measurement will evaluate the neurophysiological effects of rTMS and CIMT. Four groups of 16 children each (n=64) will be studied over 24 months with interim safety analysis after 10 and 32 patients. Successful completion is assured by principle investigator experience in perinatal stroke and TMS and the collaborative support of world leaders in pediatric and adult stroke, TMS, basic neuroscience, and physiatry/rehabilitation. Understanding perinatal stroke plasticity and discovering methods to modulate it toward better outcomes carries a large impact, greatest for children with CP and their families.

Official Title
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Modulation of Brain Plasticity After Perinatal Stroke: The PLASTIC CHAMPS Trial

Conditions
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Stroke, Cerebral Palsy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
* Procedure: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Symptomatic hemiplegic CP with impairment(s) of the upper extremity including the hand (Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure motor >0.5; AND Manual Ability Classification System I, II,III, or IV; AND both child and parent perceive functional limitations (able to identify personally meaningful deficits in function). MRI confirmed AIS-MCA or PVI (neuroradiological syndrome classified by two blinded, experienced investigators according to previously validated methods) Age at enrollment: 6-18 years Resident in province of Alberta for period of study Informed consent/assent Exclusion criteria: Multifocal perinatal stroke or other brain injury/abnormality Severe hemiparesis (no voluntary contraction in paretic hand, MACS level V) Intellectual disability causing an inability to comply with study protocol Unstable epilepsy (>1 seizure/month or >2 medication changes (dose or agent) in the last 6 months or history of recurrent status epilepticus) Any TMS contraindication including implanted electronic devices Botulinum toxin A injection in the affected upper extremity within the preceding 6 months Orthopedic surgery in the affected upper extremity in the previous 12 months Unwilling to delay any new therapeutic rehabilitational intervention directed towards upper limb function (aside from study home program) for the 6 month duration of the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: rTMS and CIMT<br>This group will receive both rTMS and CIMT. | Procedure: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)<br>* TMS can affect discrete functional ares of motor cortex offering non-invasive, painless mapping and modulation of motor systems. Inhibitory rTMS (1Hz)has been shown to safely lower motor cortex excitability in normal patients as well as adult and pediatric stroke patients. Dose is 20 minutes per day (1200 stimulations) x 10 days administered over the non-lesioned M1.<br>Procedure: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)<br>* CIMT uses gentle restraint of the fully functional upper extremity to promote functional gains in the affected upper extremity. CIMT is well established to be safe and is likely effective in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, many of whom have perinatal stroke as studied here. A custom-fitted, bivalved cast is applied and worn for >90% of waking hours for the 2 weeks of active treatment according to protocol with daily assessments for comfort.<br>|
| Experimental: rTMS and no CIMT<br>This group will receive rTMS only. | Procedure: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)<br>* TMS can affect discrete functional ares of motor cortex offering non-invasive, painless mapping and modulation of motor systems. Inhibitory rTMS (1Hz)has been shown to safely lower motor cortex excitability in normal patients as well as adult and pediatric stroke patients. Dose is 20 minutes per day (1200 stimulations) x 10 days administered over the non-lesioned M1.<br>|
| Experimental: Sham and CIMT<br>This group will receive CIMT and sham rTMS. | Procedure: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)<br>* CIMT uses gentle restraint of the fully functional upper extremity to promote functional gains in the affected upper extremity. CIMT is well established to be safe and is likely effective in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, many of whom have perinatal stroke as studied here. A custom-fitted, bivalved cast is applied and worn for >90% of waking hours for the 2 weeks of active treatment according to protocol with daily assessments for comfort.<br>|
| No Intervention: Sham and no CIMT<br>This group will receive sham rTMS and no CIMT. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). | The COPM is an individualized, family-centered tool designed to guide participants to identify self-perception of difficulties in self-care, productivity (i.e school) and leisure activities. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) | The COPM is an individualized, family-centered tool designed to guide participants to identify self-perception of difficulties in self-care, productivity (i.e school) and leisure activities. | Completed day 5 after treatment day 10 | 
| Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) | The COPM is an individualized, family-centered tool designed to guide participants to identify self-perception of difficulties in self-care, productivity (i.e school) and leisure activities. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) | The COPM is an individualized, family-centered tool designed to guide participants to identify self-perception of difficulties in self-care, productivity (i.e school) and leisure activities. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Young child report (ages 5-7), Child report (ages 8-12), Teen report (ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for child self-report (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participants. The PedsQL-CP includes scales of: daily activities, school activities, movement/balance, pain/hurt, fatigue, eating activities, and speech/communication. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Young child report (ages 5-7), Child report (ages 8-12), Teen report (ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for child self-report (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participants. The PedsQL-CP includes scales of: daily activities, school activities, movement/balance, pain/hurt, fatigue, eating activities, and speech/communication. | Completed 5 days after treatment day 10 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Young child report (ages 5-7), Child report (ages 8-12), Teen report (ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for child self-report (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participants. The PedsQL-CP includes scales of: daily activities, school activities, movement/balance, pain/hurt, fatigue, eating activities, and speech/communication. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Young child report (ages 5-7), Child report (ages 8-12), Teen report (ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for child self-report (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participants. The PedsQL-CP includes scales of: daily activities, school activities, movement/balance, pain/hurt, fatigue, eating activities, and speech/communication. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure Short Neuro Exam Child Version (>2 years)(PSOM) | This is a validated outcome measure for perinatal and childhood stroke. | Completed before treatment day 1 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Parent Report for young child(ages 5-7), Parent Report for Child(ages 8-12), Parent report for teen(ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health from a parents perspective. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for parent-report of their child (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participant's parents. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Parent Report for young child(ages 5-7), Parent Report for Child(ages 8-12), Parent report for teen(ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health from a parents perspective. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for parent-report of their child (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participant's parents. | Completed day 5 after treatment day 10 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Parent Report for young child(ages 5-7), Parent Report for Child(ages 8-12), Parent report for teen(ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health from a parents perspective. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for parent-report of their child (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participant's parents. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| PedsQL Cerebral Palsy Module version 3.0 Parent Report for young child(ages 5-7), Parent Report for Child(ages 8-12), Parent report for teen(ages 8-12) | This instrument assesses domains of social/emotional well-being/acceptance, functioning, participation and physical health, access to services, pain and feelings about disability, and family health from a parents perspective. The PedsQL-CP is a condition specific health related quality of life instrument validated for parent-report of their child (5-18yrs). Version of PedsQL-CP used is age specific and will be completed by all participant's parents. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| SHUEE (Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation) | The Shriners Hospital for Children Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE) is a video-based tool for the assessment of upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. This tool includes spontaneous functional analysis and dynamic positional analysis and assesses the ability to perform grasp and release. | Completed 2 weeks or less prior to treatment day 1 | 
| SHUEE (Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation) | The Shriners Hospital for Children Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE) is a video-based tool for the assessment of upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. This tool includes spontaneous functional analysis and dynamic positional analysis and assesses the ability to perform grasp and release. | Completed day 5 after treatment day 10 | 
| SHUEE (Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation) | The Shriners Hospital for Children Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE) is a video-based tool for the assessment of upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. This tool includes spontaneous functional analysis and dynamic positional analysis and assesses the ability to perform grasp and release. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| SHUEE (Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation) | The Shriners Hospital for Children Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE) is a video-based tool for the assessment of upper extremity function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. This tool includes spontaneous functional analysis and dynamic positional analysis and assesses the ability to perform grasp and release. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Box and Blocks Test | Tests the total number of blocks moved in 60 Seconds by each participant. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| Box and Blocks Test | Tests the total number of blocks moved in 60 Seconds by each participant. | Completed 5 days after treatment day 10 | 
| Box and Blocks Test | Tests the total number of blocks moved in 60 Seconds by each participant. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Box and Blocks Test | Tests the total number of blocks moved in 60 Seconds by each participant. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| TMS Tolerability Measure | This child reportable tool evaluates potential side effects or unpleasant features a child may experience after receiving TMS or Sham. Children are also asked to rate their TMS or Sham experience using a 1(most pleasant or enjoyable)- 8(most unpleasant or unenjoyable) scale. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| TMS Tolerability Measure | This child reportable tool evaluates potential side effects or unpleasant features a child may experience after receiving TMS or Sham. Children are also asked to rate their TMS or Sham experience using a 1(most pleasant or enjoyable)- 8(most unpleasant or unenjoyable) scale. | Completed 5days after treatment day 10 | 
| TMS Tolerability Measure | This child reportable tool evaluates potential side effects or unpleasant features a child may experience after receiving TMS or Sham. Children are also asked to rate their TMS or Sham experience using a 1(most pleasant or enjoyable)- 8(most unpleasant or unenjoyable) scale. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| TMS Tolerability Measure | This child reportable tool evaluates potential side effects or unpleasant features a child may experience after receiving TMS or Sham. Children are also asked to rate their TMS or Sham experience using a 1(most pleasant or enjoyable)- 8(most unpleasant or unenjoyable) scale. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Grip and Pinch Strength Measures (GS, PS) | Grip and pinch strength (GS, PS) are simple, quick measures of motor power, quantifiable with hand dynamometer that have been evaluated in children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| Grip and Pinch Strength Measures (GS, PS) | Grip and pinch strength (GS, PS) are simple, quick measures of motor power, quantifiable with hand dynamometer that have been evaluated in children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. | Completed 5 days after treatment day 10 | 
| Grip and Pinch Strength Measures (GS, PS) | Grip and pinch strength (GS, PS) are simple, quick measures of motor power, quantifiable with hand dynamometer that have been evaluated in children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Grip and Pinch Strength Measures (GS, PS) | Grip and pinch strength (GS, PS) are simple, quick measures of motor power, quantifiable with hand dynamometer that have been evaluated in children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. | Comopleted 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) | Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) is a sensitive, reliable, and validated assessment of bi-manual tasks (functional assistive role of the weak hand) in children with HCP. The AHA has excellent clini-metric properties for evaluating bi-manual hand activities in HCP and pCIMT trials. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) | Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) is a sensitive, reliable, and validated assessment of bi-manual tasks (functional assistive role of the weak hand) in children with HCP. The AHA has excellent clini-metric properties for evaluating bi-manual hand activities in HCP and pCIMT trials. | Completed 5 days after treatment day 10 | 
| Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) | Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) is a sensitive, reliable, and validated assessment of bi-manual tasks (functional assistive role of the weak hand) in children with HCP. The AHA has excellent clini-metric properties for evaluating bi-manual hand activities in HCP and pCIMT trials. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) | Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) is a sensitive, reliable, and validated assessment of bi-manual tasks (functional assistive role of the weak hand) in children with HCP. The AHA has excellent clini-metric properties for evaluating bi-manual hand activities in HCP and pCIMT trials. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MAUULF) | A validated, criterion-referenced functional measure designed to detect therapeutic clinical change in children with HCP. Testing in children with moderate CP demonstrates high intra and inter-rater reliabilities and construct validity. We have demonstrated the utility of the MAUULF in the only previous rTMS trial in children 7-20 years with stroke-induced hemiparesis. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MAUULF) | A validated, criterion-referenced functional measure designed to detect therapeutic clinical change in children with HCP. Testing in children with moderate CP demonstrates high intra and inter-rater reliabilities and construct validity. We have demonstrated the utility of the MAUULF in the only previous rTMS trial in children 7-20 years with stroke-induced hemiparesis. | Completed 5 days after treatment day 10 | 
| Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MAUULF) | A validated, criterion-referenced functional measure designed to detect therapeutic clinical change in children with HCP. Testing in children with moderate CP demonstrates high intra and inter-rater reliabilities and construct validity. We have demonstrated the utility of the MAUULF in the only previous rTMS trial in children 7-20 years with stroke-induced hemiparesis. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (MAUULF) | A validated, criterion-referenced functional measure designed to detect therapeutic clinical change in children with HCP. Testing in children with moderate CP demonstrates high intra and inter-rater reliabilities and construct validity. We have demonstrated the utility of the MAUULF in the only previous rTMS trial in children 7-20 years with stroke-induced hemiparesis. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| ABILHAND-Kids -Manual ability measure | Measures manual ability in children (ages 6-15) with CP as perceived by the parents. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| ABILHAND-Kids -Manual ability measure | Measures manual ability in children (ages 6-15) with CP as perceived by the parents. | Completed 5 days after treatment day 10 | 
| ABILHAND-Kids -Manual ability measure | Measures manual ability in children (ages 6-15) with CP as perceived by the parents. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| ABILHAND-Kids -Manual ability measure | Measures manual ability in children (ages 6-15) with CP as perceived by the parents. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| The Revised Pediatric Motor Activity Log and the Tween Motor Activity Log (PMAL / TMAL) | Motor activity questionaire which asks parents to rate how often and how well their child uses his or her affected arm to complete some everyday activities. TMAL is used for Teenagers and PMAL is used for younger children. | Completed 2 weeks or less before treatment day 1 | 
| The Revised Pediatric Motor Activity Log and the Tween Motor Activity Log (PMAL / TMAL) | Motor activity questionaire which asks parents to rate how often and how well their child uses his or her affected arm to complete some everyday activities. TMAL is used for Teenagers and PMAL is used for younger children. | Completed 5days after treatment day 10 | 
| The Revised Pediatric Motor Activity Log and the Tween Motor Activity Log (PMAL / TMAL) | Motor activity questionaire which asks parents to rate how often and how well their child uses his or her affected arm to complete some everyday activities. TMAL is used for Teenagers and PMAL is used for younger children. | Completed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| The Revised Pediatric Motor Activity Log and the Tween Motor Activity Log (PMAL / TMAL) | Motor activity questionaire which asks parents to rate how often and how well their child uses his or her affected arm to complete some everyday activities. TMAL is used for Teenagers and PMAL is used for younger children. | Completed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Biometrics Data Sheet | Records results of 3 groups of computer calibrated games 1. Eclipse which assesses pinch strength, 2. Space Shooter which assesses hand pronation and supination and 3. Balls and buckets which assesses wrist flexion and extension. Speed level, difficulty level, Range and percentage scores are recorded. | Completed each day during the 10 day camp program | 
| Paediatric Stroke Outcome Measure Short Neuro Exam (PSOM-SNE)-Child Version (Children Aged 2yrs and Older) | This neurological assessment tool assesses a child's: Level of Consciousness, Behaviour, Mental Status, Language, Cranial Nerves, Motor Movements, Tendon Reflexes, Fine Motor Coordination, Sensory and Gait, and rates any deficits using 0 (none), 0.5 (mild), 1.0 (Moderate) to 2 (severe) scale. | Completed before treatment day 1 | 
| Home Program Log | Participants are asked to complete a home log which records which activities, Part A (Functional goal areas with 2 hands for 10 minutes)and Part B (Strengthening activities with affected hand for 5 minutes) they have completed at home on a daily basis. | Completed by each participant everyday during treatments days 1-10 | 
| Home Program Log | Participants are asked to complete a home log which records which activities, Part A (Functional goal areas with 2 hands for 10 minutes)and Part B (Strengthening activities with affected hand for 5 minutes) they have completed at home on a daily basis. | Reassessed 2 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Home Program Log | Participants are asked to complete a home log which records which activities, Part A (Functional goal areas with 2 hands for 10 minutes)and Part B (Strengthening activities with affected hand for 5 minutes) they have completed at home on a daily basis. | Reassessed 6 months after treatment day 10 | 
| Camp Evaluation Form | This evaluation tool asked participants to rate their experience in attending the PLASTIC CHAMPS camp. | Completed by participants on Day 10 of treatment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Perinatal stroke, Periventricular venous infarction, Presumed perinatal stroke, Neonatal stroke, Arterial ischemic stroke, Fetal stroke, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Constraint-induced movement therapy, CIMT, Cerebral palsy, Congenital hemiplegia, Hemiplegic cerebral palsy, Neuroplasticity, Developmental plasticity