The Impact of Phone Use on Everyday Outcomes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Participants will download a phone-tracking app for a week to track phone usage, providing objective data on usage patterns. Quantitative tasks and questionnaires will also be carried out before and after the tracking period.

Detailed Description
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A notable shortcoming of existing mobile phone research is that 'phone use' has almost exclusively been measured through subjective reports - by simply asking respondents how much time they spend on their mobile phones each day. This operational definition, however, is a major shortcoming as phone use is difficult to track - and is thus likely to be highly inaccurate. To address this gap, the investigators describe in this proposal a first step to characterize phone usage in an objective manner - by asking adolescents to download a phone-tracking app for a week. This circumvents measurement errors inherent to self-reports, and allows us to probe: (1) how accurate adolescents' estimates are of their own phone usage, and (2) whether objective phone usage predicts any cognitive, socio-emotional, or physical outcomes. The completion of this study will represent an important step forward in the development of empirically-driven guidelines on phone use amongst adolescents.

Official Title
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The Impact of Phone Use on Everyday Outcomes

Conditions
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Obesity, Sleep, Depression, Anxiety

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Phone use


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Owns a smartphone Exclusion Criteria: Parents not willing to give consent History of medical or psychiatric disorder History of motion sickness, dizziness or epilepsy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 13 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| High school student<br>13-18 year old students enrolled in schools within Singapore. | Behavioral: Phone use<br>* Objective and subjective reports of smartphone use (e.g., number of hours, number of pick-ups, how phones are used)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) | A 21-item, 4-point scale measuring participant emotional states. This is the short form of the longer 42-item DASS. | 11 minutes (single measurement) | 
| Body mass index | Participants' body mass index | 1 minute (single measurement) | 
| Sleep duration | Assessment of participants' sleep time & wake time | 2 minute (single measurement) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Digit Span Task | A digit span task carried out using a computer program | 10 minutes (single measurement) | 
| Psychomotor Vigilance Task | PVT carried out using a computer program | 10 minutes (single measurement) | 
| Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) | A 8-item, 5-point self-report scale to measure sleepiness during the day. | 5 minutes (single measurement) | 
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | A questionnaire looking at a student's emotional and behavioural aspects in relation to coping with school. | 10 minutes (single measurement) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Smartphone, Screen time