Ibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen/Acetaminophen Postoperatively in Patients Needing Root Canal Therapy

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare ibuprofen versus an ibuprofen/acetaminophen combination for postoperative pain control in patients requiring root canal treatment with a tooth that is painful to cold and biting. Methodology: Following regular root canal treatment, patients randomly received identical appearing tablets of 600 mg ibuprofen or 600 mg ibuprofen/650 mg acetaminophen to be taken every 6 hours as needed for pain. A 4-day diary was used to record pain and medication use.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This was a single-center, double-blind, interventional trial where (randomly) one group received ibuprofen and the other group received ibuprofen and acetaminophen. Before the experiment, the ibuprofen and ibuprofen/acetaminophen groups were assigned 6-digit random numbers. The number assignment determined which drug regimen would be administered postoperatively for each patient. Only the random numbers were recorded on the data collection sheet in order to maintain blinding of the experiment. The blinding of the ibuprofen and ibuprofen/acetaminophen medications was done as follows. A registered pharmacist compounded identical appearing tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen and tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen. The tablets were placed in identical-appearing bottles (60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen or 60 tabs of a combination of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen). The pharmacist prepared the master code sheet and assigned the random numbers to the bottles. Therefore, the medication was blind to both the patient and the operator. A copy of the master list of random numbers was supplied by the compounding pharmacist solely to the lead researcher and was not made available to anyone else during the data collection period. At the end of the debridement appointment, the patient received either a bottle containing 60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen or 60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen. The patients were instructed to take 3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain. The patients received a diary for 4 days post-treatment to record pain, percussion pain, and the amount and type of study medications taken. Patients were instructed to tap on the tooth that had emergency endodontic treatment and record this as their percussion pain. Patients recorded their pain levels on a VAS as described earlier for postoperative treatment pain. Starting on the morning after their appointment, patients also recorded the number of study medications taken within each 24-hour period.

Official Title
-----------------
An Evaluation of Postoperative Pain Using Ibuprofen Versus Ibuprofen/Acetaminophen in Patients With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis and Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis

Conditions
-----------------
Pain, Postoperative

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: Ibuprofen 600 mg
* Drug: ibuprofen 600 mg and acetaminophen 650 mg


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: mandibular (bottom) or maxillary (top) posterior (back) tooth requiring root canal treatment mandibular (bottom) or maxillary (top) posterior (back) tooth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis (painful tooth to cold and biting) 2. between the ages of 18 and 65 years of age 3. American Society of Anesthesiologist classification I Exclusion Criteria: patients younger than 18 or older than 65 years of age American Society of Anesthesiologist classification II or higher allergies or contraindications to ibuprofen allergies or contraindications to acetaminophen pregnancy inability to give informed consent

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: ibuprofen<br>A registered pharmacist compounded identical appearing tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen and tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen. The tablets were placed in identical-appearing bottles (60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen or 60 tabs of a combination of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen). At the end of the debridement appointment, the patient received either a bottle containing 60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen or 60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen. The patients were instructed to take 3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain. | Drug: Ibuprofen 600 mg<br>* identical appearing tablets containing 600 mg of ibuprofen<br>|
| Experimental: ibuprofen/acetaminophen combination<br>A registered pharmacist compounded identical appearing tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen and tablets of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen. The tablets were placed in identical-appearing bottles (60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen or 60 tabs of a combination of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen). At the end of the debridement appointment, the patient received either a bottle containing 60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen or 60 tabs of 200 mg ibuprofen/216.7 mg acetaminophen. The patients were instructed to take 3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain. | Drug: ibuprofen 600 mg and acetaminophen 650 mg<br>* identical appearing tablets of the combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Heft Parker Visual Analog Scale Pain Scale Pain Measurements | Heft-Parker Visual Analog Scale measurements (0-170mm scale) Higher values are a worse outcome. | 4 day postoperative survey | 
| Number of Participants | Number of participants requiring escape pills | 4 day postoperative survey |