New Ischemic Cerebral Lesions After Endarterectomy vs. Stenting for the Treatment of Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background and purpose. Even if periprocedural cerebral microembolism associated with carotid endarterectomy or stenting usually does not manifest as clinically overt stroke, neuropsychological disturbances resulting from these events represent an important clinical and socioeconomic problem. Still, it remains unclear whether the use proximal protection can lower the incidence of cerebral embolism associated with the treatment of carotid stenosis. Materials and methods. This was a prospective randomised single-centre study, which was aimed at comparison of surgical eversion endarterectomy with stenting under proximal protection in symptomatic patients. The investigators evaluated the incidence of new ischaemic lesions revealed by the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging 2-4 days after the treatment and neurologic events.

Detailed Description
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The CARECarotid was a prospective randomised single-centre study, which was performed in the University Hospital in Kraków. It was planned to evaluate 50 patients presenting with symptomatic lesions of the internal carotid artery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment arms: surgical endarterectomy or carotid angioplasty with stenting under proximal protection. All patients provided their written informed consent to undergo the procedures and to participate in this trial. In all surgical patients carotid endarterectomy will perform using the eversion technique. All surgical endarterectomies will perform under cervical block anaesthesia. Perioperatively patients in the surgical arm received aspirin; other antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents were not administered during 5 days before surgery. All procedures in carotid artery stenting will perform with proximal protection system - the Mo.Ma (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) device. The investigators will implante stents that were tailored to the localisation of lesions and morphology of carotid arteries: Carotid Wallstent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA, and in patients with tortuous arteries Precise Pro RX (Cordis, Fremont, CA, USA) or Roadsaver (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Patients in the stent arm will receive clopidogrel 75 mg/day and aspirin 75 mg/day. These drugs were administered during 3 days before planned procedure and then 3-6 months after stent implantation. All patients will have MRI DWI performed before and 2-4 days after procedures in both groups. Within 6 months there will be an evaluation of the incidence of neurological events.

Official Title
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New Ischemic Cerebral Lesions Revealed by the Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Under Proximal Protection for the Treatment of Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: Results of a Randomised Prospective Trial

Conditions
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Carotid Artery Stenosis, Carotid Atherosclerosis, Stroke, Ischemic

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Carotid Artery Stenting
* Procedure: Endarterectomy carotid artery


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria comprised: patient's age ≥ 18 years; 60-99% stenosis of the internal carotid artery (degree of stenosis assessed by means of Doppler sonography, CT angiography or catheter angiography); diameter of the target internal carotid artery not more than 7 mm; symptomatic lesion (a history of ipsilateral stroke, transient ischaemic attack or reversible ischaemic neurological deficit); localisation and morphology of the lesion making possible surgical eversion endarterectomy or endovascular angioplasty with stent implantation; written informed consent. Exclusion criteria comprised: target lesion that has been previously stented; highly calcified lesions; very tortuous common and internal carotid arteries; occlusion of the contralateral carotid artery without adequate collateral circulation through the circle of Willis (revealed by means of transcranial Doppler sonography); anatomical contraindications for eversion endarterectomy; acute ipsilateral stroke; disabling stroke at any side; other severe pathologies of the brain resulting is significant loss of cerebral tissue and/or significant neurological deficits, such as extensive previous stroke or multiple lacunar infarcts; history of haemorrhagic transformation of ischaemic stroke; severe comorbidities (such as cancer or decompensated heart failure); allergy to aspirin, clopidogrel or ticlopidine; allergy to iodinated contrast media; pregnant women; women of reproductive age who do not use effective contraception; metallic implants (such as peacemakers and orthopaedic endoprostheses) or other known contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment arms: surgical endarterectomy or carotid angioplasty with stenting under proximal protection
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Carotid Artery Stenting<br>Subjects will undergo carotid artery angioplasty and stenting with any CE-certificated carotid stent with a proximal protection system Mo.Ma | Procedure: Carotid Artery Stenting<br>* Carotid artery stenting was considered successful if there was no residual stenosis greater than 20%, and there was no dissection of target artery following the procedure.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Endarterectomy carotid artery<br>Subjects will undergo carotid endarterectomy | Procedure: Endarterectomy carotid artery<br>* Surgical endarterectomy was considered successful if there was no residual stenosis after procedure, without symptoms.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of new ischemic brain injury detectable on MRI after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy. | Number of patients with treatment related new ipsilateral cerebral embolic lesions in brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging within 2-4 days post carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy. Number, size and location new cerebral lesions per patients in both groups. | 2-4 days after procedure | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Any Stroke, TIA, MI or death | Number of patients with occurrence of any stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction, or death within 6 months after carotid artery stenting and endarterectomy. | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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carotid angioplaty, MRI DWI