The Effect of Anesthetics on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Status in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether Propofol and Sevoflurane affect the oxidative stress and apoptosis status in children undergoing hypospadias repair surgery.

Official Title
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The Effect of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Status in Children Undergoing Hypospadias Repair Surgery

Conditions
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Anesthesia, General

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Sevoflurane
* Drug: Propofol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-II, undergoing selective surgery for hypospadias repair. Exclusion Criteria: a history of developmental delay or mental retardation, which could make observational pain intensity assessment outside the norm; a history of central nervous system diseases; a known or suspected coagulopathy; a known allergy to any of the study drugs; abnormalities of the sacrum and any signs of infection at the site of the proposed caudal block.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 3 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Sevoflurane General anesthesia<br>Anesthesia was induced with 8% sevoflurane with 8L/min oxygen. Anesthesia was maintained with 1-3% sevoflurane in oxygen/air mixture. | Drug: Sevoflurane<br> <br> |
| Experimental: Propofol General anesthesia<br>Anesthesia was induced with propofol 4mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 7-12mg/kg/h. | Drug: Propofol<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| the change of blood glutathione peroxidase(GPx) level in perioperative period |  | immediately after anesthetic induction, 2h and 3 days after operation | 
| the change of blood-separated erythrocytes superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in perioperative period | the blood sample was separated and erythrocytes was obtained, superoxide dismutase activity was measured using a commercially available assay-Ransod kit (Randox Laboratories, UK). | immediately after anesthetic induction, 2h and 3 days after operation | 
| the change of blood-separated erythrocytes catalase (CAT) activities in perioperative period | the blood sample was separated and erythrocytes was obtained, catalase activity was measured using the OxiSelect catalase activity assay (Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA, USA) | immediately after anesthetic induction, 2h and 3 days after operation | 
| the change of blood-separated lymphocytes caspase-3 mRNA level in perioperative period | Lymphocytes were separated from whole blood and freshly used for real-time PCR of caspase-3 | immediately after anesthetic induction, 2h and 3 days after operation |