Interstitial Fluid in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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At a given level of serum cholesterol, patients with T2D have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis compared with nondiabetic subjects. In a previous study we showed that the interstitial fluid-to-serum gradient of LDL and VLDL cholesterol is reduced in T2D patients compared with healthy controls. This was not found for HDL cholesterol. However, the cholesterol transporting function of HDL particles from interstitial fluid from patients with T2D were lower than in healthy controls. We hypothesize that that the apo B-containing particles in T2D patients are more susceptible to be retained or consumed in the extravascular space. We are to study if skin biopsies from T2D patients contain more cholesterol than biopsies from healthy controls. We hypothesize that samples from T2D patients are richer in cholesterol, which could explain why VLDL and LDL cholesterol are lower in relation to their plasma levels in T2D.

Official Title
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Studies of the Importance of Interstitial Fluid in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease, an Expanded Study.

Conditions
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Type2 Diabetes, Atherosclerosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Collection of interstitial fluid, skin biopsies and blood


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Over 18 years. For the T2D study group: Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Exclusion criteria: For subjects with type 2 diabetes: Systemic inflammatory disease that requires active treatment Thyroid disease that requires active treatment Skin disease that requires active treatment and causes significant changes in the area of the skin that is to be investigated Treatment with oral glucocorticoids Levels of SR, TSH, T4 or Hemoglobin in the blood pronouncedly outside the reference range Pregnancy For healthy controls: Registered disease in the health declaration that requires continuous systemic treatment. Exception to the above: well controlled hypertension in which case the subject should not have treatment with more than one antihypertensive drug, the drug must not be an alpha-blocker or beta-blocker or thiazide diuretic Skin disease that requires active treatment and causes significant changes in the area of the skin that is to be investigated Blood pressure pronouncedly above 140/90 Blood test results pronouncedly outside the reference range Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Type 2 diabetes patients<br> | Other: Collection of interstitial fluid, skin biopsies and blood<br>* Collection of interstitial fluid, skin biopsies and blood<br>|
| Healthy controls<br> | Other: Collection of interstitial fluid, skin biopsies and blood<br>* Collection of interstitial fluid, skin biopsies and blood<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Interstitial fluid-to-serum ratio for LDL cholesterol |  | 2 hours | 
| Cholesterol level in skin biopsies |  | 30 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cholesterol, Interstitial fluid