Mannitol Use During Partial Nephrectomy Prior to Renal Ischemia and Impact on Renal Function Outcomes

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this study is to determine if a medication called mannitol, can help the kidney maintain its function after kidney surgery. Mannitol is used to cause an increase in urine production (it is a diuretic). For many years, mannitol has been given to patients in the hope it would improve the kidney's circulation, and in doing so reduce the impact of the surgery on the kidney. Mannitol is given during the surgery before the blood supply to the kidney is stopped. The blood supply to the kidney is stopped in order to minimize any blood loss during the removal of the tumor, and also to assist the surgeons view of the kidney anatomy. Once the tumor is removed the blood supply to the kidney is resumed. Sometimes a side effect of this temporary reduction in blood supply to the kidney is the loss of some kidney function. This may happen either in the short term (right away) or long term (months or years later). In studies done on animals, mannitol was able to lessen this damage to kidney function. However, no human study has ever confirmed that mannitol has the same helpful effect in humans. There is some suggestion that it may have no effect. Because sufficient research has yet to be done on humans, many surgeons do not give mannitol. A recent study, conducted at Memorial Sloan Kettering which looked back at patients who had undergone partial nephrectomies, an operation where only the portion of the kidney that contains the tumor is removed and enables the normal, unaffected portion of the kidney to be preserved. The results of this study demonstrated no significant difference in kidney function when the investigators compared patients who were given mannitol to those who were not. The investigators hope that this study will help clarify the effectiveness or not of mannitol on kidney function. During the surgery to remove the kidney tumor, patients will receive either mannitol or a placebo. A placebo, is a harmless medication that has no effects. The impact of mannitol compared to the placebo will be assessed by routine blood tests and imaging (kidney scan) 6 months after your surgery.

Official Title
-----------------
Phase 3 Trial of Intravenous Mannitol Use During Partial Nephrectomy Prior to Renal Ischemia and Impact on Renal Function Outcomes

Conditions
-----------------
Renal Cancer

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: placebo
* Drug: mannitol


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age > or = to 18 years Scheduled for partial nephrectomy at MSKCC (open or minimally invasive technique) during which renal ischemia is anticipated Preoperative eGFR > 45 cc/min/1.73m2 as measured by the CKD-EPI study equation Exclusion Criteria: Allergy to mannitol Severe renal impairment (stage 3B) defined as eGFR < 45 cc/min/1.73m2 as measured by the CKD-EPI calculation. Combined major surgical cases that include a partial nephrectomy.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: mannitol arm<br>This study is a prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial comparing renal function outcomes in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. Patients will be randomized in 1:1 fashion to receive mannitol or saline provided intravenously within 30 minutes prior to renal vascular clamping for performing partial nephrectomy. | Drug: mannitol<br>* After induction of general anesthesia Normosol or Lactated Ringers , at a target infusion rate of 10cc/kg (+/- 1cc/kg), will be administered over the first hour of surgery. After the first hour of surgery IV fluid will be administered at 6cc/kg (+/- 1cc/kg) intended to maintain a minimum systolic blood pressure of 90-100mmHg and a minimum urine output of 0.5cc/kg/hour. The treatment arm will receive a standard dose of 12.5 grams of mannitol (200 cc of a 6.25% mannitol solution) intravenously completely infused through an existing intravenous access catheter within 30 minutes prior to renal artery clamping.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: placebo arm<br>This study is a prospective randomized double blind placebo controlled trial comparing renal function outcomes in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. Patients will be randomized in 1:1 fashion to receive mannitol or saline provided intravenously within 30 minutes prior to renal vascular clamping for performing partial nephrectomy. | Other: placebo<br>* After induction of general anesthesia Normosol or Lactated Ringers at a target infusion rate of 10cc/kg (+/- 1cc/kg), will be administered over the first hour of surgery. After the first hour of surgery IV fluid will be administered at 6cc/kg (+/- 1cc/kg) intended to maintain a minimum systolic blood pressure of 90-100mmHg and a minimum urine output of 0.5cc/kg/hour. The placebo arm will receive 200cc of normal saline completely infused within 30 minutes prior to renal artery clamping.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percent Change in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) From Baseline to 6 Months | The difference will be assessed with an ANCOVA model with eGFR 6 months after surgery (+/- 2 months) as the outcome and treatment group, surgical technique, and preoperative eGFR as covariates. We will report a two-tailed p-value and a 95% confidence interval for the difference between groups. If a patient does not have an eGFR measurement between 5-7 months after surgery and has both a measurement between 3-5 months and 7-12 months after surgery, then the 6 month eGFR measurement will be linearly interpolated. | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percent Change in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) From Baseline to 6 Weeks | between treatment groups at 6 weeks (+/- 4 weeks) after surgery with postoperative eGFR as the outcome, and treatment group, surgical technique, and preoperative eGFR as covariates. We will also use the ANCOVA on the absolute level of eGFR because this has the greatest statistical power. However, the estimate produced by ANCOVA - a mean difference in eGFR levels - is of incomplete clinical interpretability. | 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Kidney, MANNITOL, PLACEBO, Partial Nephrectomy, 12-079