Effects of Shock Absorbing Insoles on Knee Pain and Walking in Persons With Knee Osteoarthritis

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, chronic disease affecting more than 20 million Americans. There is no known cure for OA and management includes pain control and prevention of functional decline. Purpose: To investigate the immediate effects of a shock absorbing insole (SAI) placed in the shoe on knee pain, functional mobility and lower extremity biomechanics.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Sixty adults (age 50+) with knee OA and pain will be recruited. A physician will diagnose the severity of knee OA through radiographs. Participants will be tested in the KBR Human Performance Lab on the campus of Winston Salem State University (WSSU). Participants will complete a demographic form and a survey about their knee pain and function. Participants will be evaluated under two conditions: 1) with SAI placed inside the shoe and 2) shoes alone. There are three walking tasks: 1) walking 25 feet at their usual pace; 2) walking 25 feet at a fast pace; 3) walking six minutes for distance; and a 4) biomechanical gait analysis. After each of the walks, participants will rate the amount of knee pain they experienced. During the biomechanical analysis, participants will walk down a 20 foot walkway while wearing reflective markers. Eight cameras and a force plate embedded in the walkway will measure the amount of body movement and the forces applied to the leg joints during walking.

Official Title
-----------------
Immediate Effects of Shock Absorbing Insoles on Knee Pain, Functional Mobility, and Lower Extremity Biomechanical Characteristics in Persons With Knee Osteoarthritis

Conditions
-----------------
Osteoarthritis

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Shock Absorbing Insole (SofSole Athletes Plus)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: 50 years of age or older Radiographic evidence of knee OA in the test extremity (K-L grading scale = 1 to 4) Knee pain (WOMAC pain subscore of 4 or more and report moderate pain on at least 1 listed activity in the WOMAC) on most days Able to speak, write, and understand English Able to walk 25 feet without an assistive device Must wear a shoe size available in the lab (Women's 6-10 and Men's 8-14) Able to attend two sessions of data collection within 14 days Exclusion Criteria: Currently wearing some type of foot orthosis (custom or over-the counter) Had lower extremity surgery of the test leg in the past 12 months Had a total knee replacement on the involved leg Had hip and/or ankle OA in the involved leg Had a neuromuscular disease disorder which affected their walking ability

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Shock Absorbing Insoles vs. Athletic shoes<br> | Other: Shock Absorbing Insole (SofSole Athletes Plus)<br>* The shock absorbing insole used in this study was the SofSole Athletes Plus, (Implus Inc, Durham, NC), recommended by the manufacturer for repetitive activities such as running and walking. It is readily available in most athletic shoe stores, retailing for under $20.00. The insole is full-length with a curved last made of Implus XP that has a shore A durometer reading of 60 (0 = softest to 100 = hardest).<br>* Other names: SofSole Athletes Plus;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Knee pain while walking |  | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ground Reaction Forces |  | Baseline | 
| Knee joint kinetics during stance phase of gait |  | Baseline | 
| Gait speed |  | Baseline |