Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Exhaled Breath in Patients With GI Bleeding

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cross sectional case-control study investigating the difference of volatile organic compound in the exhaled breath of the patients with GI bleeding and normal population.

Detailed Description
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This study investigates the difference of volatile organic compound in the exhaled breath of the patients with GI bleeding and normal population. We aimed to find out the biomarkers for GI bleeding.

Official Title
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Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) in Exhaled Breath for the Detection of Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Conditions
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Volatile Organic Compounds

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Collection of exhaled breath


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged between 20 and 80 Low possibility of gastrointestinal bleeding was proven by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy which were performed within 1 year. NSAID non-user (within 1 months before the date of inclusion) Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of malignancy diagnosed within 5 years Past medical history of chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, chronic bronchial disease, asthma Surgical history of any kind of gastrectomy Surgical history of any kind of lung resection which could impact the patient's lung function.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Normal control<br>Normal population with low prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent EGD and CFS which revealed no abnormal finding. | Diagnostic Test: Collection of exhaled breath<br>* Collection of exhaled breath will be analyzed for specific volatile organic compounds which show different distribution between groups<br>|
| Patients with GI bleeding<br>Patients who visited emergency room and were highly suspected to have recent or active upper GI bleeding and scheduled for upper GI endoscopy. | Diagnostic Test: Collection of exhaled breath<br>* Collection of exhaled breath will be analyzed for specific volatile organic compounds which show different distribution between groups<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| VOC Patterns | Patterns of volatile organic compounds recognized by sensor array | 1 day of 1st emergency room (ER) visit for GI bleeding | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Measurement of VOC | Qualitative and quantitative assay of volatile organic compounds by GC-MS | 1 day of 1st emergency room (ER) visit for GI bleeding | 
| Change of VOC patterns | Change of the patterns of volatile organic compounds recognized by sensor array after recovery from GI bleeding | 2nd visit (about 2weeks apart from 1st visit) |