Promoting Self Care to Prevent Urinary Incontinence (UI): A Four-Year Follow-up

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study examined whether self-efficacy promoted adherence to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) and Bladder Training (BT) in women aged 55 and older.

Detailed Description
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The study was designed to determine the capacity of self-efficacy to predict maintenance of the practices of PFMT and BT. Women in the treatment arm of the RCT attended a Bladder Health Class (PFMT & BT) to prevent UI. The class content emphasized self-efficacy. At 3-months post intervention the self-efficacy of participants was measured; these results were collected to analyze for predictive capacity of training adherence. For four years participants in both the treatment and control (no class) arms were followed with both questionnaires and 3-day bladder diaries (2/year) and clinic evaluations of (1/year). In addition, qualitative analyses of the narratives of Bladder Health Class participants identified individual attitudes and strategies that either facilitated or deterred adherence.

Official Title
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Promoting Self Care to Prevent Urinary Incontinence (UI): A Four-Year Follow-up

Conditions
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Urinary Incontinence, Bladder Control

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Bladder Health Class consisting of 6 weekly group sessions
* Behavioral: Practice PFMT and BT
* Behavioral: Clinic examination for pelvic muscle function
* Behavioral: Record keeping in 3-day voiding diary


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women aged 55 years or older who report 5 or fewer episodes of UI / year, no prior treatment for UI, no neurological disease, no difficulties performing activities of daily living Exclusion Criteria: Less than 55 years old, UI episodes greater that 5 per year, score of less than 24 on Mini Mental Status Examination

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: Bladder Health Class consisting of 6 weekly group sessions|1 time|
|Behavioral: Practice PFMT and BT|As needed for 4 years|
|Behavioral: Clinic examination for pelvic muscle function|1/year for 4 years|
|Behavioral: Record keeping in 3-day voiding diary|Every 6 months for 4 years|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adherence to PMFT and BT (self efficacy) were measured through questionnaires and 3-day voiding diaries. |  | Every 6 months for 4 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adherence to PMFT and BT (self efficacy) were measured through questionnaires and days of urinary incontinence per 3-day voiding diary |  | Every 6 months for 4 years | 
| Digital measurement during clinical examination of pelvic muscle function (pressure and displacement). |  | 1/year for four years | 
| Paper towel bladder test |  | 1/year for four years | 
| Survey questions (open ended and forced choice) about strategies women use to incorporate PFMT and BT into their lives |  | 1 time | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Urinary Incontinence, Self efficacy, Pelvic floor muscle training, Bladder training