Open Cholecystectomy Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
In the current era, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstone disease. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of open cholecystectomy among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a tertiary care center.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard surgery for symptomatic cholelithiasis with low mortality and morbidity.1,2 However, 1% to 15% of conversion rate to Open Cholecystectomy (OC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been reported.3 Converted cases were associated with increased perioperative time, complication rates, perioperative costs, the length of hospital stay, and a higher 30-day readmission rate.3,4 Conversion was also associated with complications including bile leak, bile duct injury, or bleeding, requiring reoperation or transfusion, and death. A recent detailed critical review found that preoperative variables like male gender, older age, high body mass index, previous abdominal surgery, the severity of cholecystitis, and gallbladder wall thickness were associated with the higher rate of conversion to OC.4 However, data regarding its prevalence lacking in our setting. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of open cholecystectomy among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a tertiary care centre.

Official Title
-----------------
Open Cholecystectomy Among Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Conditions
-----------------
Cholelithiasis, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Cholecystectomy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: No intervention is done


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All the cases of Symptomatic Cholelithiasis elected for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Exclusion Criteria: Age <10 years, Gall Bladder Malignancy, Adults with preoperative choledocholithiasis, and Perforated gall bladder

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: No intervention is done|It is a descriptive cross-sectional study so no groups like case/controls are present. All the cases are included in the study.|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Laparoscopic to Open cholecystectomy | Demographic details, previous attack of biliary pathology, underlying condition, Huang classification of the biliary system are collected. And conversion rate among these patients were calculated with CR= number of converted surgeries/(number of converted surgeries + number of LC surgeries) × 100) Objectives- To identify the prevalence of conversion rate and, To compare the CR among independent variables- Age, Sex, history of previous attack with dependent variable Open cholecystectomy. | 1 year |