Tri-split Face Study of Skin Resurfacing Modalities for the Treatment of Melasma

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Tri-split face study of skin resurfacing modalities for the treatment of melasma, comparing the medium depth trichloroacetic acid peel, CO2 laser and Qs-NdYag laser.

Detailed Description
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Melasma is an acquired chronic and relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder, with a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Melasma is more common in patients with skin of color and has also been linked to chronic ultraviolet (UV) and heat exposure, family history and hormonal factors. There are several studies in the literature using various therapies for melasma, including sun protection, topical therapies, lasers and chemical peels. However, many of these studies vary greatly in their efficacies and side effect profiles, due to varying and undelineated pre and post-op procedure regimens. Side effects of post-inflammatory hyper and hypopigmentation and rebound are reported in these studies. The investigators would like to conduct a tri-split face study that compares a 22% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) deep medium peel with an ablative fractionated CO2 laser and more pigment selective Q-switched (Qs) Nd:YAG laser. To minimize possible post-procedure side effects and melasma rebound, the investigators will perform above treatments in conjunction with an optimal skincare regimen, starting 6 weeks before and continuing after the treatments. The investigators will perform the 22% TCA chemical peel, CO2 laser and Qs-Nd:YAG at 6 weeks after the start of the skincare regimen, and repeat treatments with Qs-Nd:YAG at weeks 8, 10, and 12. The investigators will assess participants using standardized photos in conjunction with UV imaging (Visia CR) at weeks 0, 6, 16, 20 and 24 (6 months), by measuring the modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores as graded by participants as well as by blinded physicians based on photos and UV imaging.

Official Title
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Tri-split Face Study of Skin Resurfacing Modalities for the Treatment of Melasma

Conditions
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Melasma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: 22% TCA peel
* Device: CO2 laser
* Device: Qs-NdYag laser


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: male or female participants 20 to 60 years old participants with melasma on forehead and both cheeks participants who failed topical therapy for melasma participants who have never tried other therapies for melasma Exclusion Criteria: pregnancy lactation use of oral contraceptive (OCP) within 3 months of starting the study hormonal therapy within 3 months of starting the study hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) within 3 months of starting the study history of poor wound healing or abnormal scarring history of lip or face herpes simplex virus infections active facial skin infection history of connective tissue disorders (such as lupus or scleroderma) history of isotretinoin therapy within 6 months of starting the study history of chemical peels, dermabrasion, laser therapy or intense pulse light (IPL) within 6 months before enrollment into the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 22% TCA peel<br>22% trichloroacetic acid medium depth chemical peel applied to one of the three facial areas (based on random assignment- forehead, left cheek, right cheek) | Drug: 22% TCA peel<br>* One of the three facial areas (based on random assignment- forehead, left cheek, right cheek) will be treated with one treatment with a 22% TCA Blue Peel, to achieve a level 2 frost (medium depth peel). Each treatment will take about 20 minutes. A 22% TCA concentration will be created by combining 5.5 mL of 30% TCA (from a purchased commercial bottle) with 2mL of blue dye (commercial), immediately before application.<br>* Other names: TCA peel;|
| Active Comparator: CO2 laser<br>CO2 ablative fractional laser resurfacing applied to one of the three facial areas (based on random assignment- forehead, left cheek, right cheek) | Device: CO2 laser<br>* One of the three facial areas (based on random assignment- forehead, left cheek, right cheek) will receive one treatment with one pass of the fractionated ablative 10,600 nm CO2 (CO2RE Laser, Syneron) at Core 70 mJ, Ring 50mJ, 40% coverage, 1 pass, 8 mm square pattern. Each treatment will take about 20 minutes.<br>* Other names: CO2RE laser, ablative fractional laser;|
| Active Comparator: Qs-NdYAG laser<br>Long pulsed Q-switched Nd:Yag laser will be applied to one of the three facial areas (based on random assignment- forehead, left cheek, right cheek), performed at 2-week intervals for six sessions. | Device: Qs-NdYag laser<br>* Long pulsed Q-switched Nd:Yag laser. One of the three facial areas (based on random assignment- forehead, left cheek, right cheek) will be treated with Q-switched (Qs) 1064 Nd:YAG (Medlite C3; 6 mm spot size, collimated homogenous flat- top beam profile, energy fluence 2.0 J/cm2, 5Hz), with 5% coverage and 2 passes (or until mild erythema detected). Treatments will be performed at 2-week intervals for six sessions. Each treatment will take about 20 minutes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) score | score calculated by measuring darkness of pigment of melasma patch area | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| visual analog scale (VAS) assessment by physicians | CR | 6 months |