Non-Interventional Study of the Use of Alogliptin and Alogliptin Fixed-Dose Combinations With Pioglitazone and With Metformin in Standard Clinical Practice

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to observe alogliptin and alogliptin fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) utilization patterns, as well as clinical response to treatment with alogliptin or alogliptin FDCs, in standard clinical practice.

Detailed Description
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The drug being studied in this study is called alogliptin and alogliptin FDCs. Alogliptin and alogliptin FDCs is being researched to treat people who have diabetes mellitus type 2. This study will look at the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level dynamics in participants with diabetes mellitus type 2. The study enrolled 593 patients. Alogliptin and alogliptin FDCs will be prescribed by the physician as part of participants' T2DM treatment program (independent of participation in this study). This multi-center study will be conducted in China. The overall duration of study for observation will be approximately 6 months, or up to loss to follow-up or death, whichever occurs first. Participants will make multiple visits to the clinic as per regular doctor's appointments.

Official Title
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A Prospective, Non-Interventional Study of the Use of Alogliptin and Alogliptin Fixed-Dose Combinations With Pioglitazone and With Metformin in Standard Clinical Practice

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Alogliptin
* Drug: Alogliptin FDC With Pioglitazone
* Drug: Alogliptin FDC With Metformin


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Has a diagnosis of T2DM. Has made the decision, along with his/her treating physician, to begin treatment with alogliptin or alogliptin fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). Has an glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value recorded at most 3 months before initiation of treatment with alogliptin or alogliptin FDCs. Alogliptin or alogliptin FDCs is prescribed according to the approved label for China and Hong Kong. Exclusion Criteria: Has gestational diabetes or type 1 diabetes mellitus. Has used Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors) or Glucagon like peptide-1 agonists (aGLP-1) within the 3 months prior to the start of alogliptin or alogliptin FDCs treatment.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Alogliptin or Alogliptin Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs)<br>Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received alogliptin or alogliptin FDCs, orally, prescribed by the physician as part of participants' T2DM treatment program (independent of participation in this study) were observed for approximately 6 months, or up to loss to follow-up or death, whichever occurred first. | Drug: Alogliptin<br>* Alogliptin tablets<br>Drug: Alogliptin FDC With Pioglitazone<br>* Alogliptin FDC with pioglitazone tablets<br>Drug: Alogliptin FDC With Metformin<br>* Alogliptin FDC with metformin tablets<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level at Month 6 | The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at Month 6 relative to baseline. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus is ≥6.5%. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. | Baseline and Month 6 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level at Month 6 in Subgroups of Participants With Different Clinical Characteristics | The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at Month 6 relative to baseline. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus is ≥6.5%. Subgroups included participants with different baseline clinical characteristics with predictors such as prior therapy of diabetes mellitus, sex, age group, cardiovascular risk group, therapy type (monotherapy or combined therapy), baseline body mass index (BMI) and initial glycemic control. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. | Baseline and Month 6 | 
| Percentage of Participants With a Decrease in HbA1c Level by <7.0% | Percentage of participants with a decrease of <7.0% from baseline in HbA1c were reported. | Baseline and Month 6 | 
| Percentage of Participants With a Decrease in HbA1c Level by >0.3% and No Tolerability Findings | Percentage of participants with a decrease of >0.3% from baseline in HbA1c along with no tolerability findings were reported. Tolerability findings included hypoglycemic event, or weight gain ≥5%. | Baseline and Month 6 | 
| Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Level Over Time | The change between the fasting plasma glucose value collected at Months 3 and 6 relative to baseline. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. | Baseline and Months 3 and 6 | 
| Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level Over Time | The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at Months 3 and 6 relative to baseline. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. | Baseline and Months 3 and 6 | 
| Number of Participants With Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events of Special Interest (AESIs) | An ADR is defined as any response to a medicinal product that is noxious and unintended and that occurs at doses normally used in humans for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of diseases or for the restoration, correction, or modification of physiological function. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence or effect that at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect or is medically important due to other reasons than the above mentioned criteria. Adverse events such as pancreatitis, hepatic disorders, and hypersensitivity reactions (including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome) were considered as AESI. | Baseline up to Month 6 | 
| Percentage of Participants Who Remain on Treatment With Alogliptin or Alogliptin FDCs |  | Months 3 and 6 | 
| Time to Alogliptin or Alogliptin FDCs Dose Escalation or Dose Reduction |  | Months 3 and 6 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Drug Therapy