Respiratory Muscles and Inspiratory Muscle Training

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) remain controversial. Many studies have examined the effect IMT has on exercise performance, but any changes to the body that come from IMT have yet to be looked at. This study will look at how someone breathes can change after IMT. Understanding how IMT changes the body can help us use IMT in different treatments.

Official Title
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Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Mechanics and Haemodynamics in Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Respiratory Muscles, Breathing Exercises

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Inspiratory Muscle Training
* Other: Sham Inspiratory Muscle Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Recreationally active, 'Moderate' or 'High' category on International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short form questionnaire Able to read and understand English Pulmonary function within normal limits Exclusion Criteria: History of or currently smoking History or current symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease (including asthma and exercise induced asthma) Currently participating and training in a sport at a provincial, national, or international level Ulcer or tumor in the esophagus, a nasal septum deviation, or recent nasopharyngeal surgery Allergies to latex or local anesthetic Contraindications to exercise testing

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 39 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Inspiratory Muscle Training<br> | Other: Inspiratory Muscle Training<br>* 6-weeks of inspiratory muscle training<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Sham-Control Inspiratory Muscle Training<br>Inspiratory muscle training at a low intensity meant to elicit no physiological changes. | Other: Sham Inspiratory Muscle Training<br>* A sham training procedure that is meant to elicit no physiologic changes<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diaphragm Electromyography | Using a multipair esophageal electrode catheter we will determine any changes to the electric activity of the diaphragm. Diaphragm electromyography (EMG) has been expressed as %max. This unit is determined as the ratio of average EMG value (uV) divided by the maximal EMG activity (uV) generated during a maximal respiratory maneuver (inspiratory capacity during exercise). | Post Intervention - ie. immediately after 5 weeks of inspiratory muscle training | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Accessory Respiratory Muscle Activation | Using surface electromyography to determine the activation patterns of accessory respiratory muscles (scalene and sternocleidomastoid). Data are expressed as %max. This value is determined by taking the average electromyography (EMG) activity divided by the maximal EMG activity generated during a maximal inspiratory maneuver (inspiratory capacity during exercise). | Post-intervention - ie. immediately after 5 weeks of inspiratory muscle training | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exercise