Effectiveness of VR Exercise Intervention on Functional Fitness and Quality of Life Among Elderly

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of virtual reality-based exercise on the intervention and follow-up retention of functional fitness and quality of life among older adults.

Detailed Description
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In a worldwide survey of fitness trends last 2021, Virtual Reality (VR) training recently took the top 10 spots. In fact, only a few studies were conducted on the retention of functional fitness and quality of life among older people. The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of virtual reality exercise on the functional fitness and quality of life of older adults after 12 weeks of intervention and another 12 weeks of follow-up.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of VR Exercise Intervention on Functional Fitness and Quality of Life Among Elderly

Conditions
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Health Promotion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Virtual reality exercise intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged ≥ 65, are able to perform daily activities, with no past or current history of medical situations found in the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Exclusion Criteria: being less than 65 years of age, being unfit to participate in the study as revealed by the PAR-Q.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group.<br>12-week intervention, with a 12-week follow-up. Device:1 computer virtual reality online software and 3 large projectors were used to project videos on the wall in a wrap-around state. | Other: Virtual reality exercise intervention<br>* The experimental group received VR exercise sessions for 75-90 minutes, twice a week for a duration of 12 weeks.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group.<br>No intervention with a 12 week follow-up. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Senior Fitness Test to specify that a period change is being assessed. | Senior Fitness Tests were to evaluate the functional fitness of older adults. The test has six items: back scratch (cm), chair sit-and-reach (cm), arm curl, chair stand (times), 2-minute step (times), and 8-foot starting distance (sec). The functional fitness (e.g., back scratch, chair-and-reach, arm curl, chair stand, 2-minute step) of higher scores means better functional fitness. The functional fitness (e.g., 8-foot starting distance) of higher scores means poorer functional fitness. This study is a measure to assess change between two-time points. (1)Change in functional fitness of older adults from 1-week baseline (pre-test) to 12 weeks (i.e., exercise intervention phase). (2) Discontinuation of exercise intervention at 13 (post-test) to 24 weeks (follow-up) and ongoing follow-up of older people's function fitness maintenance outcomes. | The time points for assessment were week 1 (pre-test), 13 (post-test), and 24 (follow-up). | 
| Quality of Life Test to specify that a period change is being assessed. | The WHOQOL-OLD is used to measure the quality of life of older adults. This questionnaire is comprised of 24 items divided into six domains, with each domain having four items. These domains include sensory abilities, autonomy, response to the past present, and future activities, social participation, response to death and dying, and response to intimacy. Responses were rated on a Likert scale, with a 1-5-point scale for each item. The result with the highest total score indicates a greater quality of life. This study is a measure to assess changes between two-time points. (1) Change in self-perceived quality of life from 1-week baseline (pre-test) to 12 weeks (i.e., exercise intervention phase). (2) Discontinuation of exercise intervention at 13 (post-test) to 24 weeks (follow-up) and ongoing follow-up of older people's self-perceived quality of life maintenance outcomes. | Measured at week 1 (pre-test), 13 (post-test), and 24 (follow-up). | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body mass index (BMI) | Measure older adults of height by attaching cloth ruler tape to the wall (units of measurement: cm). The weight of the elderly is measured using commercially available electronic weighing machines. (weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m2). | Measured at week 1(pre-test). | 
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-LV). | Physical activity was chosen through the Taiwanese version of the IPAQ-LV. Results were determined by first understanding how much total time was spent on physical activity. This was then multiplied by the frequency of the activity (i.e., per week and per day). The purpose of this was to evaluate the difference in physical activity of participants. | Measured at week 1(pre-test). |