Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination Among Elderly Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This randomized controlled trial tested the effect of culturally tailored and standard electronic secure messages and mailings from patients' primary care physicians to encourage COVID-19 vaccination among adults aged 65 and older.

Detailed Description
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This randomized controlled trial tested the effect of culturally tailored and standard electronic secure messages and mailings from patients' primary care physicians to encourage COVID-19 vaccination among adults aged 65 and older. Patients who had not received a COVID-19 vaccination or appointment after previous outreach attempts were randomized to receive (a) an electronic secure message and/or mail outreach from their PCP, (b) similar outreach with additional culturally tailored content, or (c) usual care. The primary outcome was receipt of COVID-19 vaccination during the 8 weeks after the initial study outreach date.

Official Title
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Effect of Electronic and Mail Outreach From Primary Care Physicians for COVID-19 Vaccination Among Elderly Patients

Conditions
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Vaccination

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Standard PCP Outreach
* Behavioral: Culturally Tailored PCP Outreach


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Exclusion Criteria: Received COVID-19 vaccine prior to Study Outreach 1.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Standard PCP Outreach<br>These patients were sent standard outreach messages to promote COVID-19 vaccination. | Behavioral: Standard PCP Outreach<br>* These patients were sent two study outreach messages. Study Outreach 1 was an electronic secure message sent on behalf of the PCP, encouraging COVID-19 vaccination and designed based on behavioral science principles. Letters were sent to patients who had not signed up for the electronic health record portal. Study Outreach 2 was a postcard sent to all patients who had not been vaccinated or made an appointment by four weeks after Study Outreach 1.<br>|
| Experimental: Culturally Tailored PCP Outreach<br>These patients were sent messages similar to those in the Standard PCP Outreach Group, but with additional culturally tailored content. | Behavioral: Culturally Tailored PCP Outreach<br>* These patients were sent messages similar to those in Standard PCP Outreach, but with additional culturally tailored content and photos.<br>|
| No Intervention: Usual Care<br>These patients were not sent the above study outreach messages, but may have received other messages from their local medical centers or counties. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Days to COVID-19 vaccination | Days to COVID-19 vaccination | During the 8 weeks after Study Outreach 1 was sent |