A 6-month Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Study of Rifaximin In Preventing Hepatic Encephalopathy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine if the study drug is safe and effective in preventing hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

Official Title
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A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Rifaximin 550 mg BID For 6 Months In Preventing Hepatic Encephalopathy

Conditions
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Hepatic Encephalopathy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Rifaximin
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Must sign an Informed Consent Form In remission from past HE Uses appropriate birth control measures More than or equal to 18 years of age Must have potential to benefit from treatment Recent prior HE episodes Capable and willing to comply with all study procedures Participant has personal support available Has a certain Model End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score Recent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement or revision Exclusion Criteria: Significant medical conditions, medical conditions that may impact study participation, or Investigator decision not to include Allergies to the study drug or similar drugs Laboratory abnormalities Recent participation in another clinical trial History of non-compliance Pregnant or at risk of pregnancy, or is lactating Recent alcohol consumption Active bacterial or viral Infections Bowel issues Active malignancy On a prohibited medication Liver transplant expected in near term Lactulose intolerance Participant shows presence of intestinal obstruction or has inflammatory bowel disease Ongoing or recent GI bleed

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Rifaximin<br>Participants were administered a single rifaximin 550 milligram (mg) tablet 2 times per day (approximately every 12 hours) for 6 months or until a breakthrough episode of hepatic encephalopathy or another reason for discontinuation. | Drug: Rifaximin<br>* Oral<br>* Other names: Xifaxan®;|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Participants were administered a single matching placebo tablet 2 times per day (approximately every 12 hours) for 6 months or until a breakthrough episode of hepatic encephalopathy or another reason for discontinuation. | Drug: Placebo<br>* Oral<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time To The First Breakthrough Overt HE Episode | Time to a breakthrough overt HE episode was the duration (number of days) from time of first dose of study drug to the first breakthrough overt HE episode. A breakthrough overt HE episode was defined as an increase of Conn score from Grade 0 or 1 to ≥2, or an increase in Conn and asterixis score of 1 grade each for those participants who entered the study with a Conn score of 0. Participants who completed the study and did not experience a breakthrough overt HE episode were censored at the time of their 6-month visit. Participants who terminated early for reasons other than a breakthrough overt HE episode were contacted at 6 months from randomization to determine if they had experienced a breakthrough overt HE event or other outcome. Participants without breakthrough overt HE were censored at the time of last contact or death, whichever was earlier. The number of events of a first breakthrough overt HE episode during the treatment interval is presented. | Baseline up to 6 Months (168 days) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time To First HE-related Hospitalization | Time to first HE-related hospitalization is defined as the duration (number of days) between the first dose of study drug and the date of first HE-related hospitalization. Participants who discontinued prior to hospitalization due to HE and prior to completion of the 6-month treatment period were censored at the time of discontinuation. The number of participants with their first HE-related hospitalization per interval is presented. The number of events of the first HE-related hospitalization during the treatment interval is presented. | Baseline up to 6 months | 
| Time To Any Increase From Baseline In Conn Score | Time to any increase in Conn score (mental state grade) was computed as the number of days from the first dose of study drug to the initial occurrence of an increase from baseline in Conn score. Conn score range: Grade 0 (no behavioral abnormality) to Grade 4 (coma; unable to test mental state). Participants who discontinued prior to experiencing an increase in Conn score and prior to completion of the 6-month treatment period were censored at the time of discontinuation. The number of events of the initial occurrence of an increase from baseline in Conn score during the treatment interval is presented. | Baseline up to 6 months | 
| Time To Any Increase From Baseline In Asterixis Grade | Time to any increase in asterixis grade was computed as the number of days from the first dose of study drug to the initial occurrence of an increase from baseline in asterixis grade. Asterixis (flapping tremor) was determined with the participant holding both arms and forearms extended with wrists dorsiflexed and fingers open for ≥30 seconds per standard practice. Asterixis grade range: Grade 0 (no abnormal movement) to Grade 4 (almost continuous flapping motions). Participants who discontinued prior to experiencing an increase in asterixis grade and prior to completion of the 6-month treatment period were censored at the time of discontinuation. The number of events of the initial occurrence of an increase from baseline in asterixis grade during the treatment interval is presented. | Baseline up to 6 months | 
| Mean Change From Baseline In Fatigue Domain Score On The CLDQ At End Of Treatment | The 29-item Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) questionnaire consists of the following domains: fatigue, activity, emotional function, abdominal symptoms, systemic symptoms, and worry. Participants ranked their level of fatigue by using a 7-point scale from the worst response (1, high degree of fatigue) to the best response (7, minimal fatigue). | Baseline, 6 months (End Of Treatment) | 
| Mean Change From Baseline In Venous Ammonia Concentration At End Of Treatment | Venous blood samples (10 mL) were collected at Baseline/Randomization (Day 0) and Days 28, 84, and 168. Baseline value was the last available value prior to first dose of study drug, and end of treatment value was the last available post-baseline value during the treatment period. | Baseline, Month 6 (End Of Treatment) |