Exploration of the Lipid Metabolism During the Diabetic Pregnancies

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Justification: Intrauterine exposure to type 1 or type 2 diabetes increase the risk of macrosomia (35 % to 50 % versus 10 % in general population) despite a good glycemic control. The consequences are : shoulder's dystocia, lung immaturity, caesarean section, neonatal hypoglycaemia and a high frequency of obesity and metabolic disorders in adults. The mechanisms of macrosomia are unclear; chronic hyperglycemia and subsequent hyperinsulinaemia observed during the diabetic pregnancy might explain only partially the fetal weight. Considerable interest has been generated over the last decade on the lipids and fatty acids alterations in diabetes pregnancies. Change in lipoproteins metabolism have been described associated with macrosomia. Maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal growth and subsequent development of an increased susceptibility to obesity and diabetes in later life. Main objective: Looking for an association between maternal and fetal blood lipid parameters and birth weight and body fat in a context of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Secondary objectives: Identify lipid markers associated with fetal macrosomia. Analyze the placenta by measuring the expression of genes implicated in the storage and the transfer of fatty acids. Analyze and compare the expression level of placental genes subjected to parental imprinting and validated in animal models.

Detailed Description
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Plan of study: Longitudinal study on 3 groups: 70 type 1 diabetic women, 70 type 2 diabetic women and 70 women with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Recruitment in the department of Diabetology and Obstetrics of CHRU of Amiens and Lille. Nutritional survey and sampling of blood in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and at 6 weeks post partum. Collection of cord blood and placental tissues. Histological and molecular analysis of placenta will be realized both in the departments of Anatomopathology of Lille and Amiens and in Biochemistry Molecular Biology of CHRU of Lille. Homocysteine and folate assays on cord blood will be centralized in Paris (Hospital St Louis). Main criteria of judgment Fetal weight corrected by the gestational age. Expected results: An inverse correlation between maternal and fetal blood fatty acids ratios (polyunsaturated fatty acids/ monounsaturated fatty acids + saturated) and birth weight in the diabetic groups. Differences of distribution of fatty acids of maternal and foetal erythrocytic phospholipids correlated with the fetal weight. Qualitative and quantitative variations of expression of placental genes such as lipases and genes submitted to parental imprinting. The biologic parameters will be confronted with the data of the nutritional survey and with glycemic control during pregnancy.

Official Title
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Exploration of the Lipid Metabolism During the Diabetic Pregnancies and Research for New Biological Predictors to Nutritional Interventions

Conditions
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Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: blood tests
* Other: diet questionnaire
* Other: umbilical cord blood collect
* Other: placenta collect


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: pregnant women included before 16 amenorrhea weeks Exclusion Criteria: obesity (BMI > 40kg/m2) subject became pregnant with medical infertility treatment tobacco > 10 suspected abuse of alcohol

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: type 1 diabetic pregnant women<br>type 1 diabetic pregnant women | Other: blood tests<br>* 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord<br>Other: diet questionnaire<br>* questions about nutrition before and during pregnancy<br>Other: umbilical cord blood collect<br>* collected at the delivery<br>Other: placenta collect<br>* collected at the delivery<br>|
| Other: type 2 diabetic pregnant women<br>type 2 diabetic pregnant women | Other: blood tests<br>* 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord<br>Other: diet questionnaire<br>* questions about nutrition before and during pregnancy<br>Other: umbilical cord blood collect<br>* collected at the delivery<br>Other: placenta collect<br>* collected at the delivery<br>|
| Other: healthy pregnant women<br>healthy pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance | Other: blood tests<br>* 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord<br>Other: diet questionnaire<br>* questions about nutrition before and during pregnancy<br>Other: umbilical cord blood collect<br>* collected at the delivery<br>Other: placenta collect<br>* collected at the delivery<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| fetal weight corrected by gestational age |  | just after delivery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL) |  | 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord | 
| triglycerides |  | 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord | 
| Apolipoprotein A/B rate |  | 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord | 
| erythrocytary and plasmatic fatty acid distribution |  | 3 measures during pregnancy and 1 at post partum, 1 measure at time of delivery from fetal cord | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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diabetes, pregnancy, macrosomia, lipidics markers, nutritional factors, placenta, umbilical blood cord