Is Kinesio Taping Application Effective on Decreasing Injury Risk for Tennis Players

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Research design: The study protocol was approved and required permissions were taken from related tennis club officials, and a written consent was obtained from all the participants' parents about the study. Thirty-three young tennis players aged between 9 and 12 were included in our study. Assessment were done bare (no tape), after 45 min of performance plus kinesio taping application (PP application) and after 45 min of gold text FP kinesio taping application (GT application). We were randomly taped with either PP or GT taping applications using an online random allocation software program (GraphPad Software QuickCalcs, GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA). Thirty min of rest was given between 2 taping applications after the removal of the first tape. One participant was not able to complete the second taping procedure. PP and GT taping applications were done by using kinesio taping muscle facilitation techniques to Quadriceps and Gastrosoleus muscles. I-shaped tape with a tension of 10-35% was used for muscle facilitation. All patients were assessed by an experienced physiotherapist, and the tapings were done by another experienced physiotherapist in order to provide a single blind structure of the study.

Detailed Description
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Participants: Thirty-three young tennis players aged between 9 and 12 yrs were recruited in the study. The exclusion criteria included those (a) with soft tissue or bone problems affecting lower extremity, (b) who had acute inflammation affecting lower extremity region, (c) had scoliosis, (d) who had undergone any orthopedic surgery, (e) who had defined any pain or painful area at lower extremities and (f) who were obese (BMI>30 kg/m2). Assessments: Thermal analysis was done for risk of injury including both lower extremities. Quadriceps muscle was chosen from upper leg and gastro soleus muscle was chosen from lower leg region for thermal analysis. The thermo graphic assessment was performed by using FLIR E5 (FLIR Systems AB, Sweden) thermal camera in order to evaluate which muscles had the highest thermal activity while maintaining stable upright posture. The part of muscle with more activation (greater heat) was measured by the thermo graphic camera and the heat was recorded in centigrade. Each participant was thermo graphically evaluated in the same room (ambient temperature, 21°C) and participants were left for 10-20 minutes to 'acclimatize' to the thermographic imaging environment FLIR E5 Thermal Camera, with a resolution of 120 x 90 pixels was used for thermal imaging and the Color Palette iron was chosen for displaying the images. It is indicated that IR imaging may be a reliable and valid measure of treatment outcomes with clinical utility and sensitivity The power analysis indicated that 33 participants for total were needed with 80 % power and a 5 % type 1 error. The power analysis of our study showed a power of 80% with tissue temperature as the primary outcome. The data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 18, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). All the statistical analyses were set a priori at an alpha level of p<0.05. The tests for homogeneity (Levene's test) and normality (Shapiro-Wilk) were used to determine the appropriate statistical methods. According to the test results, nonparametric Friedman test was used for comparisons between baseline, first taping and last taping. Wilcoxon test was used for possible differences which may occur between taping applications in order to identify the application that provided the difference. Parametric test assumptions were not possible due to small sample size and inhomogeneous parameters.

Official Title
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What Kind of Kinesio Taping Material Should be Used to Decrease the Injury Risk Better

Conditions
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Injury

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Kinesio Taping (Performance Plus)
* Other: Kinesio taping (Gold Tex)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: at least playing tennis 2 years to be between 9 and 12 years no any sport activity-only tennis to be a volunteer Exclusion Criteria: with soft tissue or bone problems affecting lower extremity, who had acute inflammation affecting lower extremity region, had scoliosis, who had undergone any orthopedic surgery, who had defined any pain or painful area at lower extremities and who were obese (BMI>30 kg/m2).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 9 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The part of muscle with more activation (greater heat) was measured by the thermo graphic camera and the heat was recorded in centigrade. Each participant was thermo graphically evaluated in the same room (ambient temperature, 21°C) and participants were left for 10-20 minutes to 'acclimatize' to the thermographic imaging environment FLIR E5 Thermal Camera, with a resolution of 120 x 90 pixels was used for thermal imaging and the Color Palette iron was chosen for displaying the images. It is indicated that IR imaging may be a reliable and valid measure of treatment outcomes with clinical utility and sensitivity
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: PERFORMANCE PLUS<br>performance plus better than GOLD TEX | Other: Kinesio Taping (Performance Plus)<br>* PP and GT taping applications were done by using kinesio taping muscle facilitation techniques to Quadriceps and Gastrosoleus muscles. I tape with a tension of 10-35% was used for muscle facilitation. All patients were assessed by an experienced physiotherapist, and the tapings were done by another experienced physiotherapist in order to provide a single blind structure of the study.<br>|
| Active Comparator: GOLD TEX<br>GOLD TEX better than performance plus | Other: Kinesio taping (Gold Tex)<br>* PP and GT taping applications were done by using kinesio taping muscle facilitation techniques to Quadriceps and Gastrosoleus muscles. I tape with a tension of 10-35% was used for muscle facilitation. All patients were assessed by an experienced physiotherapist, and the tapings were done by another experienced physiotherapist in order to provide a single blind structure of the study.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| termal analysis | Quadriceps muscle was chosen from upper leg and gastro soleus muscle was chosen from lower leg region for thermal analysis. The thermo graphic assessment was performed by using FLIR E5 (FLIR Systems AB, Sweden) thermal camera in order to evaluate which muscles had the highest thermal activity while maintaining stable upright posture. The part of muscle with more activation (greater heat) was measured by the thermo graphic camera and the heat was recorded in centigrade. Each participant was thermo graphically evaluated in the same room (ambient temperature, 21°C) and participants were left for 10-20 minutes to 'acclimatize' to the thermographic imaging environment FLIR E5 Thermal Camera, with a resolution of 120 x 90 pixels was used for thermal imaging. | 2 hours | 
| vertical jump | A vertical jump test was performed before and after the application of Kinesio taping® to their quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles according to Kase's recommendations. The height and flight time data was collected using a portable optical timing system (Optojump Next; Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) during a counter movement jump. Mean maximum jump height and flight time were averaged from three attempts. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess the influence taping condition on vertical jump performance. | 1 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| age | Sports age is important to determine the description of differences between ages and sexes. | through study completion, an average of 8 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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tennis, vertical jump, kinesio taping, thermography