Cold and Warm Water for Performance Recovery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The overall aim of this study is, to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated cold- and warm water immersion on performance recovery after muscle damage.

Detailed Description
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Participants perform a muscle-damage protocol, which comprises 5x20 drop jumps. After the exercise protocol is finished, the participants will undergo one of three recovery interventions. Cold-water immersion, Warm-water immersion or the control-intervention. During the exercise protocol and the recovery intervention following parameters will be assessed: Blood oxygenation, Muscle oxygenation, heart-rate, skin temperature and core temperature. Then, performance recovery will be assessed during the following 72 hrs (in a 24 hrs interval). At each time-point, following measurements will be conducted: vertical-jump performance, maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the m.quadriceps femoris muscle, muscle swelling and delayed-onset of muscle soreness.

Official Title
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A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Repeated Cold- and Warm Water Immersion on Performance Recovery

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: repeated cold water therapy
* Behavioral: repeated warm water therapy
* Other: control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy participants No surgeries No previous injuries Anticonceptiva allowed Exclusion Criteria: Acute injuries or current pain situations Cryophobia Fear Pregnancy Raynaud syndrome Medication intake

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This study is a randomized controlled trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Repeated cold-water immersion<br>In this arm, the participants undergo repeated cold water immersion at 10°C for 2 x 5 min. Between the immersion, a break will be conducted 2.5 min. Participants will be immersed up to the iliac crest | Behavioral: repeated cold water therapy<br>* This information can be found the description of the experimental arm.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Repeated warm-water immersion<br>In this arm, the participants undergo repeated warm water immersion at 40°C for 2 x 5 min. Between the immersion, a break will be conducted 2.5 min. Participants will be immersed up to the iliac crestParticipants will be immersed up to the iliac crest. | Behavioral: repeated warm water therapy<br>* This information can be found the description of the experimental arm.<br>|
| Other: Control<br>In this arm, the participants undergo the control intervention which comprises to remain seated for 12.5 min. The participants, that will perform the muscle damaging protocol under hypoxia will also be treated with the control condition. | Other: control<br>* This information can be found the description of the experimental arm.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| maximun voluntary isometric contraction (Nm) | maximun voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensor muscle will be assessed. | baseline to 72 hours | 
| vertical jump performance (cm) | maximum vertical jump performance will be measured | baseline to 72 hours | 
| delayed onset of muscle soreness (units) | delayed onset of muscle soreness will be measured using a 0-10 scale, where 0 indicated no soreness and 10 indicates maximum soreness of the knee extensor muscles | baseline to 72 hours | 
| muscle swelling (mm) | swelling of the knee extensor muscle will be performed using a ultrasound device. | baseline to 72 hours | 
| Creatine-kinase (U/l) | using a blood sample (6 ml), creatine-kinase will be assessed | baseline to 72 hours | 
| blood oxygenation (%) | Blood oxygenation will be measured using near-infrared spectroscopy device at the finger | through recovery intervention up to 1 hour | 
| muscle blood oxygenation (%) | Muscle oxygenation will be measured using near-infrared spectroscopy device at the knee extensor muscle | through recovery intervention up to 1 hour | 
| skin temperature (°C) | Skin temperature will be measured using a near infrared thermography camera | through recovery intervention up to 1 hour | 
| core temperature (°C) | core temperature will be measured using temperature pill that will provide real time values from the gastrointestinal region | through recovery intervention up to 1 hour | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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recovery, cold water immersion, warm water immersion, muscle damage