Neurodynamic Mobilization and Foam Rolling

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of a single NM treatment session on DOMS and to compare them with those of one foam roller (FR) session. Following the damaging plyometric exercise bout, the participants were randomly assigned in a counter-balanced fashion to either a FR or NM treatment group; treatments were administered 48-h post-exercise. The dependent variables were recorded before the exercise, 48-h post-exercise before treatment, and immediately post-treatment.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Currently, the foam-rolling massage is often used by athletes from many sports. However, there are a few studies on the effects of foam-rolling massage and they have conflicting results regarding the improvements in ROM and muscular performance. In contrast, neurodynamic mobilization (NM) is a manual therapy method used to assess and treat neuromuscular disorders. It includes gliding techniques and tensile techniques. Gliding techniques or sliders are intended to produce a sliding movement between neural structures and adjacent nonneural tissues. NM has been shown to reduce pain and soreness and improve ROM. However, no studies have investigated its effects after exercise-induced muscle soreness or DOMS.

Official Title
-----------------
Neurodynamic Mobilization and Foam Rolling in Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness in a Healthy Adult Population: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Conditions
-----------------
Exercise-induced Muscle Damage, Movement Disorders, Nerve Pain

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Manual therapy


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All subjects were moderately active (Category 2) as assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire (Craig et al., 2003). None of the subjects had a recent history of intensive training, heavy eccentric resistance, or plyometric exercise, and all subjects were free from musculoskeletal disorders in the last year. All subjects were asked to refrain from unaccustomed exercise during the experimental period, and the subjects abstained from all medications and dietary supplements during the experimental period and between testing sessions. Exclusion Criteria: Sedentary patients with pain

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: a single NM treatment session on Delayed Onset Muscle pain (DOMS) and to compare them with those of one foam roller (FR) session
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Manual therapy Foam<br>The subjects included rolled the foam roller down their quadriceps using short kneading-like motions until it was just above their patellae, and then rolled it back to its initial position in one fluid motion. The subjects repeated this motion for 1 min, rested for 30 s, and then repeated it again for 5 sets | Other: Manual therapy<br>* The subjects repeated this motion for 1 min, rested for 30 s, and then repeated it again for 5 sets.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Manual therapy Nerve<br>The subjects was positioned lying on his/her side with a pillow underside leg (without fully flexing it) and the cervical and thoracic spines flexed. The investigator flex the knee and the hip extended and then put it back to its initial position in one fluid motion. The subjects repeated this motion for 1 min, rested for 30 s, and then repeated it again for 5 sets | Other: Manual therapy<br>* The subjects repeated this motion for 1 min, rested for 30 s, and then repeated it again for 5 sets.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain | the numeric pain-rating scale (NPRS) | 1 minute after treatment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Leg dynamometer measurements | Leg strength | 2 minutes after treatment | 
| Surface electromyography (sEMG) | EMG of quadriceps muscle | 5 minutes after treatment | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
pain