Internal Discourses and Perception of Trail-running Effort

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Determination of the effect of an intervention to develop the use of internal discourses on the perception of exercise during a sub-maximum effort following a trail running

Detailed Description
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The practice of mountain running or trail is in full development in France and elsewhere in the world. This sport practice is associated with various constraints specific to the activity. These constraints imposed on the body during the preparation, participation and recovery of this type of effort have an impact on multiple aspects of the individual (physiological, psychological, neurological...). Some studies have made it possible in each of the fields to advance the current knowledge about the trail-running environment. However, there are very few links between variables from different fields of research, even though these links are at the origin of the complex individual responses observed in the field. Therefore it seems important to study the practice of trail running and its consequences on the individual, relying on a systemic approach of the individual who studies how psychological phenomena, physiological and cerebral interactions to predict behaviour and its health consequences. The biopsychosocial models are based on this systemic approach and postulate that the perception of the individual's effort would be the main limit to the continuity of effort, performance because it causes the intensity to decrease - or even stop the effort - if this sensation becomes too strong. Consequently, the study of certain interventions aimed at reducing this perception of effort, such as the one proposed in this project, seems to be an essential step to propose to the practitioners of this type of sport strategies allowing to practice in a healthy and efficient way.

Official Title
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The Effect of Internal Discourses on the Perception of Trail-running Effort

Conditions
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Physical Exertion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Internal discourses
* Other: Non internal discourses


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male or female 18-55 years Subjects available in Grenoble before and during the 15 days after the race Subjects subject to a social security scheme Subjects able to sign informed consent. Fluent in French Exclusion Criteria: Cardiorespiratory, metabolic and neurological conditions People treated with anxiolytics and/or neuroleptics or ATCD for behavioural disorders Persons refusing to sign the participation consent Persons under guardianship Persons referred to in Articles L1121-5 to L1121-8 of the CSP

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Internal discourses<br>Introduction to internal discourses with a brief definition and key elements for implementation. | Other: Internal discourses<br>* This intervention will take place following the randomization performed at the V1 visit. It will be held in videoconference, will be led by a professional of the training field, specialist of the trail activity and trained in the use of mental strategies<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Non-internal discourses<br>Introduction to the risks associated with the practice of activity in the mountain environment and practical tips to prevent the risks | Other: Non internal discourses<br>* This intervention will take place following the randomization performed at the V1 visit. It will be held in videoconference, and will be conducted by a professional of the training field, specialist of the trail activity and coach of mountain guide<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perception of effort during running. | Perception of Borg scale rated effort (0 no effort; 10, maximal effort) while running on a treadmill at sub-maximum intensity | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Psychological profiles of trail-running practitioners | Assessement of internal discourses use, pre-competitive anxiety, self-determined motivation to practice, achievement goals assessed by a questionnaire | 18 months | 
| Perception of effort depending on running distance | Comparison of the perception of effort (Borg scale rated effort (0 no effort; 10, maximal effort) while running) between subjects according to the distance of running | 18 months | 
| Link between the individual's physical level and perception of effort | Correlation between VO2max assessed during exercise testing in the laboratory and effort perception | 18 months | 
| Serological library | Comparison of circulating markers (e.g. BDNF, s100, creatine kinase, interleukins, to be defined a posteriori according to the physiological and cerebral effects observed) before and after the race | 18 months | 
| Performance on a cognitive task | Performance on a cognitive task performed on a computer | 3 months | 
| Brain activation during a cognitive task | Changes in brain oxygenation assessed by NIRS during a cognitive task | 3 months | 
| Perception of effort, attentional focus, self-efficacy and resources of self-control during a race situation | Change in perception of effort, attentional focus, self-efficacy and self-monitoring resources, assessed by a questionnaire during the race | 1 day | 
| Recovery kinetics of runners after a trail race. | Changes in the previous outcomes will be evaluated between the end of the race and 1-2 weeks after the race | 2 weeks |