Cheek Cells - Non-invasive Fatty Acid Status Marker

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Various biological materials have been investigated to determine dietary fatty acid intakes, such as plasma, erythrocytes, and adipose tissue. The applied techniques are invasive sampling methods and may have limitations in studies involving infants or young children. In 1985 the group of McMurchie suggested buccal cheek cells as a marker for dietary fatty acid intake; however fatty acid profiling in cheek cells has not been widely used yet. In a clinical intervention trial a new method will be tested. The study will consist of two consecutive parts: A) a correlation study will investigate the relationship between established fatty acid markers (red blood cells (RBC), plasma) and the newly proposed markers (cheek cells) before and after intervention B) an intervention study will investigate the time depended implementation and steady state of docosahexaenoic acid DHA in plasma, RBC and cheek cells. The participants will receive 520 mg DHA daily over a period of 30 days. Blood and cheek cell samples will be collected once prior to study commencement and regularly during intervention. The proposed study aims at verifying cheek cell analysis results as a non-invasive marker for fatty acid profiling. This will be shown by correlation analyses of fatty acids in cheek cells, erythrocytes and plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, the time kinetics of DHA incorporation into cheek cells will clarify if cheek cell fatty acids can be considered as a short or long term marker. The new non-invasive method is expected to be extremely valuable as a non-invasive approach for studying the fatty acid profile in human, including infants and young children. Therefore, it is of great interest to validate the new method in a clinical trial.

Official Title
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Buccal Cheek Cells - a New Non-invasive Fatty Acid Status Marker

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Apparently healthy males and females Body Mass Index 20-23 kg/m2 Average athletic activity Exclusion Criteria: Fatty fish consumption > 1 per week (salmon, mackerel, sardines, herring) Intake of fish oil 3 months prior to study commencement Weight reduction diet 4 weeks prior to commencement or during intervention Recent (3 months prior to study commencement) medication assumed to interfere with lipid metabolism. The only exception will be the birth control pill, if the same drug (active ingredient) is taken for 3 months prior to study commencement and during the course of the study. Abuse of alcohol or drugs Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement<br>DHA supplement: Experimental 1 x 950 mg capsules per day orally, each capsule providing  520 mg of DHA as a triglyceride. The liquid fill contains DHASCO® oil, derived from the microalgae, Schizochytrium sp., high-oleic sunflower oil, natural mixed tocopherols, ascorbyl palmitate, and rosemary extract (flavouring). The gelatin shell contains glycerin, water, and colouring (carmel, carmine, turmeric). | Dietary Supplement: DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)<br>* 1 x 950 mg capsules per day orally, each capsule providing  520 mg of DHA as a triglyceride. The liquid fill contains DHASCO® oil, derived from the microalgae, Schizochytrium sp., high-oleic sunflower oil, natural mixed tocopherols, ascorbyl palmitate, and rosemary extract (flavouring). The gelatin shell contains glycerin, water, and colouring (carmel, carmine, turmeric).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Phospholipids in buccal cheek cells | the fatty acid composition of buccal cell phospholipids and individual phospholipid species will be assessed and percentages contribution of individual fatty acids or phospholipid species, respectively, will be reported | assessed basally (before intervention start) and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 14, 18, 24, 29 after the start of the intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Phospholipids in plasma | the fatty acid composition of buccal cell phospholipids and individual phospholipid species will be assessed and percentages contribution of individual fatty acids or phospholipid species, respectively, will be reported | assessed basally (before intervention start) and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 14, 18, 24, 29 after start of intervention | 
| Phospholipids in erythrocytes | the fatty acid composition of buccal cell phospholipids and individual phospholipid species will be assessed and percentages contribution of individual fatty acids or phospholipid species, respectively, will be reported | assessed basally (before intervention start) and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 14, 18, 24, 29 after start of intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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cheek cells, phospholipids, fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, Buccal Cheek cells, non invasive fatty acid status marker