Postmenopausal Women With Vaginal Microbiota

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Since other genital infections enhance HIV susceptibility by inducing inflammation, the investigators study the relationship between the vaginal microbiota composition and the risk of HPV infection, cervical cytological abnormalities in postmenopausal women.

Detailed Description
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Persistent infection with oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary but not sufficient for the development of cervical cancer. Additional factors correlated with HPV persistence include immunodeficiency caused by HIV, smoking, use of oral contraceptives and, more recently reported, vaginal dysbiosis. In a state of dysbiosis, there is a marked reduction of Lactobacillus and a high diversity of bacteria, with increased abundance of anaerobic bacterial species. Owing to the decrease of estrogen level and cervical atrophy in postmenopausal women, cervical cytology is more prone to abnormal changes than in premenopausal women. Clinically, cervical lesions in elderly women are easily neglected. Therefore, cervical cancer in the elderly is usually found in advanced stage, with poor prognosis and more complications of treatment. Based on this, the investigators are going to analyze the changes of microbiota in women with high-risk HPV and the cervical lesions in menopausal women. And the investigators hope to figure out the difference and change in microbiota to realize the tanning of cervical lesions.

Official Title
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High-risk HPV Infection and Vaginal Microbiota in Postmenopausal Women

Conditions
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HPV-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Observation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Those are aged 20 to 75 years old, have had vaginal intercourse more than 3 years, and aren't in menstrual, pregnancy or puerperium period. Exclusion Criteria: Those have no vaginal intercourse, and can't cooperate the examiner. Women who are HIV or hepatitis B/C positive, have autoimmune disorders and systemic disease (like diabetes mellitus, hormone treatment diseases, severe liver and kidney dysfunction), or have severe mental illness and malignant tumors are also excluded. At the same time, all the participants should meet the following requirements: no vagina douching within last 2 days, no vaginal intercourse within last 3 days, no systemic application of antifungal agents or antibiotics or pessaries within last 14 days of sampling.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group A,<br>High-risk HPV infection in postmenopausal women | Other: Observation<br>* The participants were assigned to different groups according to the results of HPV detection.<br>|
| Group B<br>High-risk HPV negative in postmenopausal women | |
| Group C<br>High-risk HPV infection in gestational women | Other: Observation<br>* The participants were assigned to different groups according to the results of HPV detection.<br>|
| Group D<br>High-risk HPV negative in gestational women | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vaginal microbiota and HR-HPV infection in menopausal women | The persistence vaginal organism in HPV infection menopausal women | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The difference of vaginal microbiota in different age groups | The difference of vaginal microbiota in different age groups with HR-HPV infection | 6 months | 
| The difference of vaginal microbiota in different age groups | The difference of vaginal microbiota in different age groups without HR-HPV | 6 months |