Effect of Motor Entrainment to Auditory Cues and Music During Walking on Quality of Movement and Perceived Fatigue in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS)

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The study investigates the effect of different conditions of auditory cueing and music on walking quality and perceived fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls. The study extends over a four session period, each session lasting maximally 1h30 minutes The experimental conditions include participants walking to music and metronome (at different tempi) for 3minutes and 15 seconds per condition, with a rest period of 3 minutes in between each condition. Non-invasive equipment will be used. participants are equipped with sensors (watch-like straps at the wrists, ankles and across the chest) and are given wireless headphones.

Official Title
-----------------
Effect of Motor Entrainment to Auditory Cues and Music During Walking on Quality of Movement and Perceived Fatigue in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS)

Conditions
-----------------
Multiple Sclerosis

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: auditory cues and music during walking


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: diagnosis of MS of >1 year, no relapse in the last 1 month, ability to walk for 12 minutes without interruption, an average usual walking speed between the range of 0.4 and 1.2 m/s. Exclusion Criteria: cognitive impairment hindering the understanding and execution of the experimental procedures pregnancy hearing impairment amusia beat deafness

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| persons with Multiple Sclerosis<br> | Behavioral: auditory cues and music during walking<br>* the effect of different conditions of auditory cueing and music on walking quality and perceived fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls<br>|
| Healthy controls<br> | Behavioral: auditory cues and music during walking<br>* the effect of different conditions of auditory cueing and music on walking quality and perceived fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Spatio-temporal parameters of gait | Participants wear portable APDM sensors. These sensors are activated during the walking, and record the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. | day 1 | 
| Spatio-temporal parameters of gait | Participants wear portable APDM sensors. These sensors are activated during the walking, and record the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. | week 1 | 
| Spatio-temporal parameters of gait | Participants wear portable APDM sensors. These sensors are activated during the walking, and record the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. | week 2 | 
| Spatio-temporal parameters of gait | Participants wear portable APDM sensors. These sensors are activated during the walking, and record the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. | week 3 | 
| Parameter's of sychronisation | Participants have two light ipods attached on their ankles- these are a part of the D-jogger system. The system is activated during the walking, and logs the synchronization parameters | day 1 | 
| Parameter's of sychronisation | Participants have two light ipods attached on their ankles- these are a part of the D-jogger system. The system is activated during the walking, and logs the synchronization parameters | week 1 | 
| Parameter's of sychronisation | Participants have two light ipods attached on their ankles- these are a part of the D-jogger system. The system is activated during the walking, and logs the synchronization parameters | week 2 | 
| Parameter's of sychronisation | Participants have two light ipods attached on their ankles- these are a part of the D-jogger system. The system is activated during the walking, and logs the synchronization parameters | week 3 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| subjective physical /mental fatigue | After each experimental condition, the participant is asked 'how tired do you feel in your body on a scale of 0 to 10, 0 being not tired at all and 10 being exhausted' | day 1 | 
| subjective physical /mental fatigue | After each experimental condition, the participant is asked 'how tired do you feel in your body on a scale of 0 to 10, 0 being not tired at all and 10 being exhausted' | week 1 | 
| subjective physical /mental fatigue | After each experimental condition, the participant is asked 'how tired do you feel in your body on a scale of 0 to 10, 0 being not tired at all and 10 being exhausted' | week 2 | 
| physical /mental fatigue | After each experimental condition, the participant is asked 'how tired do you feel in your body on a scale of 0 to 10, 0 being not tired at all and 10 being exhausted' | week 3 | 
| motivation | he participants is asked: 'how motivating was it to walk to the last particular stimuli (in the metronome condition)/Song (in the music condition) on a scale of 0-5. ) being not motivating at all and 5 being very motivating'. | day 1 | 
| motivation | he participants is asked: 'how motivating was it to walk to the last particular stimuli (in the metronome condition)/Song (in the music condition) on a scale of 0-5. ) being not motivating at all and 5 being very motivating'. | week 1 | 
| motivation | he participants is asked: 'how motivating was it to walk to the last particular stimuli (in the metronome condition)/Song (in the music condition) on a scale of 0-5. ) being not motivating at all and 5 being very motivating'. | week 2 | 
| motivation | he participants is asked: 'how motivating was it to walk to the last particular stimuli (in the metronome condition)/Song (in the music condition) on a scale of 0-5. ) being not motivating at all and 5 being very motivating'. | week 3 |