Explore the Effect of Diet Intervention on Lipid Metabolism and Body Mass Index Among the Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing all over the world, which is largely related to the increasing obesity population and the current inactive lifestyle of human beings. It is a common problem facing public health and clinical practice.Metabolic syndrome is an accumulation of biologically metabolic risk factors related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, including glucose metabolism disorders, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (especially central obesity).Researchers believe that the common pathological basis of these manifestations is insulin resistance, which is generally considered to be a reduction in the biological effects of insulin compared with the normal biological effects of expected biological phenomena.Nowadays, there are more and more studies on insulin resistance in the world. We have known that age, poor living and eating habits, high blood fat, high blood sugar and stress all lead to insulin resistance. The researchers hope to reduce weight, reduce body fat rate, improve body fat distribution and insulin resistance, reverse abnormal metabolic indicators, and ultimately reduce the incidence of chronic diseases in patients with metabolic syndrome through the intervention of lifestyle and diet habits in the early stage of the disease.

Official Title
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An Intervention Study of Intermittent Fasting and Low Carbon Diet in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Conditions
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Metabolic Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Intermittent fasting
* Behavioral: Low carb diet
* Behavioral: Low carbon diet and intermittent fasting group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria Diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (i.e., more than 3 abnormal findings out of 5): Waist circumference ≥ 90 cm (men) or ≥ 80 cm (women). Elevated TG (use of medications for elevated TG is an alternate indicator) ≥ 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Reduced HDL-c (use of medications for reduced HDL-c is an alternate indicator) < 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in males < 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in females. Elevated blood pressure (use of hypoglycemic medications is an alternate indicator). SBP ≥ 130 and/or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg. Elevated FBG (used of hypoglycemic medications is an alternate indicator) ≥ 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L). Age from 18 to 65 years. Stable weight (change ≤ 10% current body weight) for 3 months prior to the study. If participates were on hypoglycemic medications, hypotensive medications, lipid-lowering medications and cardiovascular medications, dose adjustment was not permitted during the 3-month intervention. Exclusion criteria Pregnant or breast-feeding. Night shift workers. History of major diseases or related diseases, such as inflammatory disease, rheumatologic disease, adrenal disease, malignancy, type 1 diabetes, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, eating disorder, uncontrolled psychiatric disorder and major adverse cardiovascular event. Current participate in other weight-management program, current on a prescribed diet for special disease or current on any drugs that effect appetite. History of weight-loss surgery.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intermittent fasting<br>During the three-month intervention period, participants were allowed to eat for eight consecutive hours and fast for 16 hours a day.The eating time can be freely chosen in the following two periods: 8:00 -- 16:00;12:00 -- 20:00.No specific restriction shall be made on the type and quantity of food. | Behavioral: Intermittent fasting<br>* Intermittent fasting group:During the three-month intervention period, participants were allowed to eat for eight consecutive hours and fast for 16 hours a day.The eating time can be freely chosen in the following two periods: 8:00 -- 16:00;12:00 -- 20:00.No specific restriction shall be made on the type and quantity of food.<br>* Other names: Low carbon diet and intermittent fasting group;|
| Experimental: Low carb diet<br>According to the definition of low carbon diet given by R. D. Feinman et al. (Nutrition, 2015), the daily carbohydrate intake of participants in this group was limited to 130g/ D, and the recommended diet was formulated according to the standard and combined with the local eating habits in Xi 'an, and dietary habit education was conducted. Participants could eat according to the recommended diet. | Behavioral: Low carb diet<br>* Low carb diet:The daily carbohydrate intake of participants in this group was limited to 130g/ D, and the recommended diet was formulated according to the standard and combined with the local eating habits in Xi 'an, and dietary habit education was conducted. Participants could eat according to the recommended diet.<br>|
| Experimental: Low carbon diet and intermittent fasting group<br>Participants fasted for 16 hours a day and ate for eight consecutive hours on the same diet as the low-carb group. | Behavioral: Low carbon diet and intermittent fasting group<br>* Low carbon diet and intermittent fasting group:Participants fasted for 16 hours a day and ate for eight consecutive hours on the same diet as the low-carb group.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| weight | kg | Three months after the intervention | 
| body fat |  | Three months after the intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| blood pressure | mmHg | Three months after the intervention | 
| blood glucose | mmol/L | Three months after the intervention | 
| blood lipid | mmol/L | Three months after the intervention | 
| uric acid | µmol/L | Three months after the intervention |