Oral Pharmacokinetics of Sulfasalazine, Paracetamol, Fexofenadine and Valsartan Using Different Administration Mediums

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine pharmacokinetics of the probe-drugs sulfasalazine, given in 240 ml non-caloric water and paracetamol, fexofenadine and valsartan after oral administration, given in 240 ml non-caloric water, in 240 ml caloric drink or in 240 ml grapefruit juice prior to ingestion and to visualize the localization and to measure the filling volume of stomach, small intestine as well as ascending, transverse and descending colon by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after oral administration of 240 ml water (non-caloric water), after administration of 240 ml caloric drink and after administration of 240 ml grapefruit juice.

Official Title
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Pharmacokinetics of Sulfasalazine, Paracetamol, Fexofenadine and Valsartan After Oral Administration Using 240 ml Non-caloric Water, a Carbohydrate Enriched Drink and Grapefruit Juice in Correlation to the Intestinal Availability of Water as Quantified by MRI-based Volumetry in 9 Healthy Male and Female Subjects

Conditions
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Pharmacokinetics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Administration, Oral

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Paracetamol
* Drug: Sulfasalazine
* Drug: Fexofenadine
* Drug: Valsartan
* Device: non-caloric water
* Device: caloric drink
* Device: grapefruit juice


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: ethnic origin: Caucasian body mass index: ≥ 18.5 kg/m² and ≤ 30 kg/m² good health as evidenced by the results of the clinical examination, ECG, and the laboratory check-up, which are judged by the clinical investigator not to differ in a clinical relevant way from the normal state written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: weight less than 45 kg claustrophobia tinnitus cardiac pacemakers, metallic, plastic or silicone implants, dental retainer or metal-containing tattoos and piercings, Permanent Make-Ups, intrauterine devices known allergic reactions/ hypersensitivity to the active ingredients used or to constituents of the study medication (e.g. lactose, lecithin, sulfonamides, salicylates) bronchial asthma (all stages) and other known allergic diseases existing cardiac, haematopoietic or hematological diseases and/or pathological findings, which might interfere with the drug's safety, tolerability and/or pharmacokinetics or the requirements for the magnetic resonance tomography known hyperkalemia, hyponatremia or hypovolemia or medications that may cause these conditions. Hepatic, renal or metabolic diseases and/or pathological findings, which might interfere with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the study medication (e.g. liver failure, kidney failure, acute intermittent porphyria). gastrointestinal diseases and/or pathological findings, which might interfere with gastrointestinal motility and emptying processes and interfering with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the study medication (e.g. ileus) Erythema exsudativum multiforme. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency). Acute, chronic or recurrent infections. drug or alcohol dependence positive drug or alcohol screening smokers of 10 or more cigarettes per day positive results in HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus screenings subjects who are on a diet which could affect gastrointestinal motility or the pharmacokinetics of the drug (vegetarian, vegan) eating disorders e.g. anorexia, bulimia heavy tea or coffee drinkers (more than 1l per day) lactation and/or pregnancy test positive or not performed subjects suspected or known not to follow instructions subjects who are unable to understand the written and verbal instructions, in particular regarding the risks and inconveniences they will be exposed to as a result of their participation in the study subjects liable to orthostatic dysregulation, fainting or blackouts participation in a clinical trial during the last 3 months prior to the planned start of the study less than 3 months after last blood donation therapy with transdermal patches any systemically available medication within 2 weeks prior to the intended first administration unless because of the terminal elimination half-life complete elimination from the body can be assumed for the drug and/or its primary metabolites (except oral contraceptives) intake of grapefruit or poppy seeds containing products within 14 days prior to the start of the study Females who don't fulfil the criteria for contraception as listed in section 7.5.1 of this protocol

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: non-caloric water<br>50 mg sulfasalazine given in 240 ml table water after 6 h fasting and 250 mg paracetamol, 120 mg fexofenadine and 40 mg valsartan given in 240 ml non-caloric water 3 h thereafter | Drug: Paracetamol<br>* Oral administration of 250 mg paracetamol<br>Drug: Sulfasalazine<br>* Oral administration of 50 mg sulfasalazine<br>Drug: Fexofenadine<br>* Oral administration of 120 mg fexofenadine<br>Drug: Valsartan<br>* Oral administration of 40 mg valsartan<br>Device: non-caloric water<br>* Oral administration of 240 ml non-caloric water<br>|
| Active Comparator: caloric drink<br>50 mg sulfasalazine given in 240 ml table water after 6 h fasting and 250 mg paracetamol, 120 mg fexofenadine and 40 mg valsartan given in 240 ml caloric drink 3 h thereafter | Drug: Paracetamol<br>* Oral administration of 250 mg paracetamol<br>Drug: Sulfasalazine<br>* Oral administration of 50 mg sulfasalazine<br>Drug: Fexofenadine<br>* Oral administration of 120 mg fexofenadine<br>Drug: Valsartan<br>* Oral administration of 40 mg valsartan<br>Device: caloric drink<br>* Oral administration of 240 ml caloric drink<br>|
| Active Comparator: grapefruit juice<br>50 mg sulfasalazine given in 240 ml table water after 6 h fasting and 250 mg paracetamol, 120 mg fexofenadine and 40 mg valsartan given in 240 ml grapefruit juice 3 h thereafter | Drug: Paracetamol<br>* Oral administration of 250 mg paracetamol<br>Drug: Sulfasalazine<br>* Oral administration of 50 mg sulfasalazine<br>Drug: Fexofenadine<br>* Oral administration of 120 mg fexofenadine<br>Drug: Valsartan<br>* Oral administration of 40 mg valsartan<br>Device: grapefruit juice<br>* Oral administration of 240 ml grapefruit juice<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| area under the concentration time curve (AUC) | Computed with the measured concentration of Paracetamol, Fexofenadine and Valsartan in blood samples. | up to 51 h after drug administration | 
| area under the curve of small bowel water volume | Dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance examination gradient-echo T2-weighted HASTE images (TR 1300 ms, TR 321 ms, flip-angle 160°) will be acquired on a 1.5 Tesla MRI. A tube filled with 20 ml water will be fitted on the abdomen of the volunteers in order to have an internal reference for imaging. The obtained MRI files will be investigated with common radiological software (OsiriX, Voxar 3D, Fiji, 3D slicer). From the DICOM files there will obtained: Gastrointestinal volumes and their kinetics for stomach, small bowel, colon segments and gallbladder. | up to 6.75 h after drug administration | 
| gastric emptying rate | Dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance examination gradient-echo T2-weighted HASTE images (TR 1300 ms, TR 321 ms, flip-angle 160°) will be acquired on a 1.5 Tesla MRI. A tube filled with 20 ml water will be fitted on the abdomen of the volunteers in order to have an internal reference for imaging. The obtained MRI files will be investigated with common radiological software (OsiriX, Voxar 3D, Fiji, 3D slicer). From the DICOM files there will obtained: Gastrointestinal volumes and their kinetics for stomach, small bowel, colon segments and gallbladder. Gastric emptying rate will be estimated as the half life of water volumen in the stomach. | up to 6.75 h after drug administration | 
| lag-Time of sulfapyridine (orocecal transit times) | Estimated as the first significant concentration (>50 or 100 ng/ml) of sulfapyridine in blood samples after administration of Sulfasalazine. | up to 51 h after drug administration |