Exercise Promotion in Primary Care

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators conducted a pilot study to determine if telephone counseling, in a health care setting that routinely assesses physical activity of its members, is a feasible approach to improve physical activity among patients with diabetes and prediabetes. The investigators built on an existing innovation at Kaiser Permanente, in which physical activity is assessed at every outpatient visit. The primary aims were to (1) pilot study elements, including database identification of patients; recruitment, training and engagement of health care providers; patient recruitment; data collection procedures; and a 24-week intervention, and (2) to assess feasibility and obtain feedback from key stakeholders on the approach.

Official Title
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Exercise Promotion in Primary Care: Pilot Study

Conditions
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Physical Activity, PreDiabetes, Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Motivational interviewing telephone counseling


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: prediabetes or diabetes not prescribed insulin less than 30 min of physical activity per week cleared to increase physical activity by primary care provider Exclusion Criteria: health condition that may limit unsupervised physical activity height and weight that were combined and resulted in a BMI > 40 kg/m2 disabling rheumatoid or osteoarthritis ongoing treatment for cancer unstable coronary heart disease

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 74 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Telephone counseling<br>Participants were provided with approximately 7 telephone-based motivational interviewing over a 24-week period to increase their physical activity. | Behavioral: Motivational interviewing telephone counseling<br> <br> |
| No Intervention: Usual care<br>Participants in the usual care arm received a packet of places near their home in which they could engage in physical activity if they chose. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Feasibility of identifying and recruiting sufficient number of participants into a telephone-based physical activity intervention. | Participants who met eligibility criteria and who were scheduled for an outpatient visit with their primary care provider were invited to participate in the study. Feasibility was assessed by the investigators' ability to recruit 60 participants into the pilot trial. | The intervention lasted 24 weeks. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity | Participants were mailed an Actigraph model 7185 accelerometer and asked to wear it over their right hip for 7 consecutive days and return the monitor through the mail. Data were analyzed to assess daily moderate to vigorous physical activity using the Freedson cutpoints. | Assessments were made a baseline and approximately 24 weeks after baseline assessments. | 
| Motivation for Physical Activity | The 30-item Motivation for Physical Activities Measure was used to measure motivation for physical activity. The scale has 5 factors: interest/enjoyment, competence, appearance, fitness, and social motivations. A mean score for each factor was determined for each participant. | Participants completed the survey at baseline and approximately 24 weeks after baseline assessments. | 
| Physical Activity Self-Regulation | This is a 16-item scale with the following factors: external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic regulation. A Relative Autonomy Index is formed from the factors, with the higher scores indicating greater autonomy toward physical activity. | Participants completed the survey at baseline and approximately 24 weeks after baseline. |