Kinesiophobia and Physical Fitness, and Related Factors in Liver Transplantation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Kinesiophobia and Physical Fitness, and Related Factors in Liver Transplantation

Official Title
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An Evaluation of Balance, Functional Capacity, Kinesiophobia and Physical Fitness in Patients With Liver Transplantation

Conditions
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Liver Transplant Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Assessment of: 1. Functional Capacity 2. Physical Fitness 3. Physical Activity Level 4. Balance 5. Kinesiophobia 6. Psychological Status 7. Fatigue Severity


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All patients older than 18 years of age who had undergone liver transplantation at Hacettepe University Hospital at least one year ago were eligible for the study. Exclusion Criteria: Hepatic encephalopathy Progressive cardiac and/or pulmonary disease Central nervous system pathologies Orthopedic problems preventing physical assessments Multiorgan transplantation Cognitive deficits

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Liver Transplantation<br>Sixteen individuals with liver transplantation were included in the study, and their physical and demographic characteristics of the individuals recorded. The Senior Fitness Test (SFT) was used to evaluate to physical fitness. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to assess kinesiophobia; the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) to evaluate fatigue; the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) to evaluate the balance; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine the level of physical activity;and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate psychological status. | Other: Assessment of: 1. Functional Capacity 2. Physical Fitness 3. Physical Activity Level 4. Balance 5. Kinesiophobia 6. Psychological Status 7. Fatigue Severity<br>* All liver transplantation patients who underwent transplant at least one year ago and healthy subjects were evaluated the first day they came.<br>|
| Healthy Subjects<br>Sixteen age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the study. | Other: Assessment of: 1. Functional Capacity 2. Physical Fitness 3. Physical Activity Level 4. Balance 5. Kinesiophobia 6. Psychological Status 7. Fatigue Severity<br>* All liver transplantation patients who underwent transplant at least one year ago and healthy subjects were evaluated the first day they came.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Physical Fitness | The Chair Stand Test: This requires people to repeatedly stand up from and sit down on a chair for 30 seconds. The number of stands is recorded. | 10 minutes | 
| Physical Fitness | The Biceps Curl Test: This requires people to repeatedly lift a 5 lb(2.27 kg) weight (for women) or an 8 lb (3.63 kg) weight (for men) for 30 seconds. The number of lifts is recorded. | 10 minutes | 
| Physical Fitness | The 6-minute Walk Test: This is measured in distance (m) and reflects aerobic endurance. The original version of the Senior Fitness Test required people to walk on a straight line. | 30 minutes | 
| Physical Fitness | The Chair Sit and Reach Test: This is measured in distance (cm) and reflects lower body flexibility. | 5 minutes | 
| Physical Fitness | The Back Scratch Test: This is measured in distance (cm) and reflects upper body flexibility. | 5 minutes | 
| Physical Fitness | The 8-Foot Up-and-Go test: This is measured in time (seconds) and reflects agility and dynamic balance. | 10 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kinesiophobia | Kinesiophobia was assessed in all participants using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a self-completed questionnaire and the range of scores are from 17 to 68 where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia. | 15 minutes | 
| Balance | Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to evaluate balance. The BBS consists of 14 items which include simple mobility task and that are scored on a scale of 0 to 4. The level of proficiency for each activity, a score of 0 is given if the participant is unable to do the task and a score of 4 is given if the participant can complete the task based on the criterion that has been assigned to it. The maximum total score on the test is 56. | 20 minutes | 
| Balance | The Timed Up and Go Test was used to assess the balance performance of people during the movement. For the starter position, a participant sits in a chair with standard height, measuring a distance of 3 meters from the chair. The test timer starts by the clinician at the moment the clinician said go, the participant gets up from a chair, walks 3 meters, turns 180° a designed spot, walks back to the seat, when the participant sits down then the test stopped. | 15 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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liver transplantation, functional capacity, kinesiophobia, balance, physical fitness, physical activity, muscle strength