The Effect of Motor Imagery in Patients With Radius Distal End Fracture

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Distal Radius End Fracture (DRC) is one of the most common fractures among all extremity fractures and wrist fractures . Pain, edema and functional loss are common findings in patients, and the physiotherapy program should be well planned from an early time. However, although there are different physiotherapy and rehabilitation applications in the treatment of DRC, there is not enough information about the effectiveness of the applications when the evidence-based studies are examined. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of motor imagery added to conventional treatment versus conventional treatment with telerehabilitation in patients with distal radius end fracture. Motor imagery is defined as the mental presentation of voluntary movement without body movement. It is an application that does not require cost and it is a training that can be easily applied in rehabilitation programs. Telerehabilitation is important in the management of patients in the acute phase of the disease, as well as in the remote management of individuals with chronic health problems. Cases who applied to Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic and were referred to Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department will be included in the study. Few studies have examined the effects of motor imagery on pain, kinesiophobia, and functionality in musculoskeletal injuries. Studies on the effects of motor imagery on different patient groups are needed. Therefore, in our study, the effect of motor imagery training applied with the telerehabilitation method on pain, kinesiophobia and functionality in patients with distal radius end fracture will be examined. Sociodemographic data form of all subjects who volunteered to participate in the study; Age, gender, height, weight, pain, dominant extremity, and the type of fracture will be questioned. In addition, pain intensity is measured with a visual analog scale, normal joint movement measurement (wrist flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation, and forearm supination and pronation) with goniometer, hand grip strength with Hydraulic hand dynamometer , finger grip strength Hydraulic Finger Dynamometer, kinesiophobia Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, functionality Arm, Shoulder and Hand Injury Questionnaire in Turkish (Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand-Turkish - DASH-T and The Patient-Based Wrist Assessment Questionnaire (HBEBD), with the fine dexterity Moberg Pick Up test, the motor imagery ability with the Recognize™ phone app and the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire, quality of life will be evaluated with SF-12. After the initial evaluation, the treatment program was started. Advances in the treatment method specific to the groups they belong to are explained in detail below. Treatment: After the distal radius end fracture, after 6 weeks of plaster application, after the first evaluation to be made in the clinic after the plaster was removed, in the next session, after patient education, conventional treatment was applied to the cases in Group 1, 3 days a week as stated below. Group 2: Conservative Treatment + Motor Imagery Program Patients in this group will have motor imagery in addition to conservative treatment. The patients in this group will first be given a motor imagery introductory session. According to the results of the observation and evaluation made by the physiotherapist before the treatment, the function of the patients

Official Title
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The Effect of Motor Imagery on Pain, Kinesiophobia, Functionality and Quality of Life in Patients With Radius Distal End Fracture

Conditions
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Distal Radius Fracture

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Conservative treatment via telerehabilitation
* Other: Conservative treatmen + motor imagery


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Distal radius fracture and conservative treatment was decided Exclusion Criteria: Bilateral fracture Cases with unstable, comminuted or complicated fractures, fractures associated with malignant conditions, presence of infection, cognitive impairment or inability to perceive verbal commands, and bilateral fractures will not be included in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Group 1<br>Conservative Treatment Program | Other: Conservative treatment via telerehabilitation<br>* Patients will do their exercises in the form of a WhatsApp video call or a Zoom video call. Contrast bath, massage application for 5 minutes, passive, active assistive normal range of motion. Ice application. After 4 weeks strenghtening exercise. The treatment time 8 weeks.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Group 2<br>Conservative Treatment + Motor Imagery Program | Other: Conservative treatment via telerehabilitation<br>* Patients will do their exercises in the form of a WhatsApp video call or a Zoom video call. Contrast bath, massage application for 5 minutes, passive, active assistive normal range of motion. Ice application. After 4 weeks strenghtening exercise. The treatment time 8 weeks.<br>Other: Conservative treatmen + motor imagery<br>* Patients will do their exercises in the form of a WhatsApp video call or a Zoom video call. Contrast bath, 5-minute massage, passive, active auxiliary normal range of motion. Ice application. Strengthening exercise after 4 weeks. The duration of treatment is 8 weeks. This group applies motor images for a maximum of 5 minutes. They will implement functionality-based motor images.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle Strenght | A dynamometer was used to evaluate muscle strength. Muscle strength was evaluated in the following muscles, each measurement was made three times and the maximum was taken. | 3 minutes | 
| Functionality Level | Dash, The Patient-Based Wrist Assessment Questionnaire (HBEBD) | 10 minutes | 
| Kinesiofobia Level | Kinesiophobia, defined as an excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability due to painful injury or reinjury is found to be a central factor in the process of pain developing from acute to chronic stages .Tampa scale | 10 minutes | 
| Pain Level | Purpose and application of the test: The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically into numericals. Two end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written on both ends of a 100 mm line and the patient is asked to indicate where his condition is appropriate by drawing a line or by placing a point or pointing on this line. Rest, activity and night were evaluated in three different time periods | 1 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Normal Range of Motion | Upper extremity joints and range of motion were evaluated | 5 minutes | 
| Moberg Pick Up Test | Moberg pickup test (MPUT) is a standardized test to assess for hand dexterity and functional sensibility. It is a timed test first used in neuro-rehabilitation to evaluate hand motor activity. It is simple and quick to administer, easy to replicate and inexpensive to acquire. | 5 minutes | 
| the Recognize™ | Use the Recognise App to quickly exercise your synapses on your device, wherever you are. | 10 minutes | 
| SF-12 | The SF-12 is a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. It is often used as a quality of life measure. | From the start of treatment until 8 week after the end of treatment | 
| the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire | The KVIQ assesses on a five-point ordinal scale the clarity of the image (visual: V subscale) and the intensity of the sensations (kinesthetic: K subscale) that the subjects are able to imagine from the first-person perspective. | 10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Distal Radius Fracture, Motor imagery, telerehabilitation, physiotherapy