High Salt Intake Unrelated to Obesity in Diabetes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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People around the world are consuming much more sodium than is physiologically necessary. A number of studies suggest that dietary sodium intake is related to weight gain. The aim of our study was to evaluate in a population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, possible correlations between the urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h), indirect marker of sodium intake, and both duration of diabetes and BMI z-score(Body Mass Index). Moreover, we also evaluated the correlation between UNa24h and duration of diabetes according with the presence/absence of overweight/obesity.

Detailed Description
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Elevated sodium intake has been associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and stroke, and decreasing sodium intake may reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leading cause of death in the world. Recent data on sodium intake show that populations around the world are consuming much more sodium than is physiologically necessary. Studies in children have reported positive associations between sodium intake and adiposity. The aim of our study was to evaluate in a population of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, possible correlations between the urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h), indirect marker of sodium intake, and both duration of diabetes and BMI z-score. Moreover we also evaluated the correlation between UNa24h and duration of diabetes according with the presence/absence of overweight/obesity.

Official Title
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High Dietary Salt Intake in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Not Related to Overweight and Obesity

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Food Habits

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Urinary sodium concentrations


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Exclusion Criteria: Patients with celiac disease, thyroid disease, other autoimmune diseases, concurrent illness, patients with diabetic nephropathy, other renal disease and in therapy with natriuretic drugs

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 4 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Sixty-eight children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes<br>Sixty-eight children and adolescents aged between 4 and 18 years with type 1 diabetes. Patients with celiac disease, thyroid disease, other autoimmune diseases, concurrent illness, patients with diabetic nephropathy, other renal disease and in therapy with natriuretic drugs were excluded. | Diagnostic Test: Urinary sodium concentrations<br>* The urinary sodium excretion was measured using an immunochemical methodology<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Urinary sodium concentrations | Tested in three 24 h urine samples (immunochemical methodology ) | three days |