Studying the Effects of Administration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAS) of Omega-3 Series in Nicotine Dependence

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Nicotine dependence may prolong the exposure to toxic substances that cause various diseases. The Central Nervous System (CNS) is consisted by a large amount of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAS) from omega-3 serie. Omega-3 takes part in several actions, including the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. In its deficiency is detected a hypofunctioning of the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathway, related to the reward system, involved on the context of nicotine dependence. Treatment using dietary supplementation with omega-3 shows improvements in several diseases, including mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. The investigators hypothesis is that supplementation with these fatty acids can restore the levels of omega-3 and could decrease nicotine dependence. The investigators objective is to investigate a possible association between increased serum levels of omega-3 and the reduction in nicotine dependence.

Detailed Description
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Introduction: A cigarette has more than 6,000 toxic substances that can cause various diseases. Nicotine dependence may prolong the exposure to these toxic substances. The Central Nervous System (CNS) is consisted by a large amount of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAS) from omega-3 serie. Omega-3 takes part in several actions, including the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. In its deficiency is detected a hypofunctioning of the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathway, related to the reward system, involved on the context of nicotine dependence. Treatment using dietary supplementation with omega-3 shows improvements in several diseases, including mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. The investigators hypothesis is that supplementation with these fatty acids can restore the levels of omega-3 and could decrease nicotine dependence. Objective: Investigate a possible association between increased serum levels of omega-3 and the reduction in nicotine dependence. Material and Methods: In the clinical study, placebo controlled, double-blind, parallel, randomized, will be administered to 60 volunteers: placebo or fish oil for 90 days. Psychometric assessments will be carried out, measurements of serum levels of PUFAS, levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and cotinine in plasma will be done for monitoring the clinical course. Data Analysis: Repeated measures (ANOVA) for the dependent variables (dependency, anxiety, depression, motivation, compulsion, dosage of PUFAS, exhaled CO and cotinine) and independent (groups and time) to check for significant differences. If so, a second ANOVA with covariates will be conducted. Significance is p <0.05 in all analyzes.

Official Title
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Studying the Effects of Administration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAS) of Omega-3 Series in Nicotine Dependence

Conditions
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Tobacco Dependence, Nicotine Dependence

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Omega 3
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy smokers; age between 20 and 60 years; score in Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) up to 5 points (FTND > 5); high motivation to stop smoking (accessed by Richmond Test) Exclusion Criteria: psychiatric disorders; taking psychoactive medications; history of alcohol and/or other drugs abuse or dependence;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>The placebo group will receive 3g per day of mineral oil during 90 days treatment | Drug: Placebo<br>* mineral oil + food dye #2 (simulating the colour of essential fatty acids); 1000 mg of mineral oil per capsule<br>* Other names: mineral oil;|
| Experimental: Omega3<br>The omega 3 group will receive 3g per day of fish oil during 90 days treatment | Drug: Omega 3<br>* Each fish oil capsule contained 210.99 mg of EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA.<br>* Other names: omega 3 fatty acid;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fageström Test for Nicotine Dependence Score at Baseline and After 90 Days of the Treatment | The Fageström Test for Nicotine Dependence is a widely used test to measure the nicotine dependence. This test was chosen to evaluate the possible changes on the nicotine dependence during the clinical trial. The range for the scale is: very low (dependence) 0-2 low (dependence) 3-4 moderate (dependence) 5 high (dependence) 6-7 very high (dependence) 8-10 So, lower levels (low scores on the scale) of the FTND measure indicates lower nicotine dependence, and higher levels (high scores on the scales) of the FTND measure indicates higher nicotine dependence. | Baseline (prior to the beginning) and after 90 days of the treatment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Concentration of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) at Baseline and After 90 Days of Treatment | The polyunsaturated fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the main fatty acids omega-3 series. The dosage of these analyte was achieved by means of Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry - LS-MS-MS. | At baseline (prior to the beginning of the treatment) and after 90 days of treatment | 
| Concentration of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) | The polyunsaturated fatty acid Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the main fatty acids omega-3 series. The dosage of these analyte was achieved by means of Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry - LS-MS-MS. | At baseline (prior to the beginning of the treatment) and after 90 days of treatment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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tobacco dependence, tobacco treatment, omega 3 series, polyunsaturated fatty acids