Smoking Cessation Outcomes and Effective Factors

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. Cases who met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, were active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers will be included. The subjects will be given the maximal voluntary breath-hold test, the 6-minute walk test, and the 30-second sit-and-stand test, and will be asked to answer questions about smoking. The physical conditions of the groups will be compared.

Detailed Description
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The study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. Cases who met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, were active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers will be included. Active smoking, passive smoking status and non-smoker status of the cases will be determined within the framework of the definitions given below. Active smoker: Having smoked at least 1 cigarette per day for at least 2 years. Passive smoker: Being exposed to secondhand smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the past year, once a week. Non-smoker: Not being an active or passive smoker. The subjects will be given the maximal voluntary breath-hold test, the 6-minute walk test, and the 30-second sit-and-stand test, and will be asked to answer questions about smoking.The physical conditions of the groups will be compared.

Official Title
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Smoking Cessation Outcomes and Effective Factors: Maximal Voluntary Breath-holding Time and Exercise Capacity

Conditions
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Smoking Cessation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Active Smoking
* Other: Passive smoker
* Other: Non-smoker


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria for Active Smokers Being between the ages of 18-75 Smoking at least 1 cigarette a day for at least 2 years Inclusion Criteria for the Passive Smoker Group Being between the ages of 18-75 Being exposed to cigarette smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the last year, once a week. Inclusion Criteria for the Non-Smoker Group Being between the ages of 18-75 Not being an active or passive smoker Exclusion Criteria: Having any disease that prevents him from doing exercise tests Not signing the voluntary informed consent form

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active smokers<br>Having smoked at least 1 cigarette per day for at least 2 years. | Other: Active Smoking<br>* Being active smoker<br>|
| Pasive smokers<br>Being exposed to secondhand smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the past year, once a week. | Other: Passive smoker<br>* Being exposed to secondhand smoke<br>|
| Non-smokers<br>Not being an active or passive smoker. | Other: Non-smoker<br>* Not being an active or passive smoker.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Six-minute walking test | The subject will be asked to walk for 6 minutes on a flat surface of 30 meters and the distance covered will be recorded. The test will be performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guidelines | 1 day | 
| Maximal voluntary breath-hold time | The maximum voluntary breath-hold test is a quick and simple test that consists of measuring the apnea time after a deep inspiration. The clinical utility of this test has been proven in certain respiratory pathologies. In the test, the subject will be seated in a chair with back support, a deep inspiration will be asked, and the breath-holding time will be recorded in seconds. The test will be repeated three times with sufficient rest periods in between, and the longest time will be analyzed. | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thirty Seconds Sit and Stand test | During the test, the individual performs the sit-stand-sit maneuver from a standard height chair within 30 seconds without using his arms as much as possible. The number of sitting and standing up during this period is recorded. | 1 day | 
| Fagerstrom Nicotine Addiction Test | Dependence analysis will be performed on smokers according to the Fagerström nicotine addiction test and the scales for evaluating the psychological dependence of cigarettes. It is a six-question questionnaire created by revising the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. In the scoring made according to the answers given to the questions, 0-2 points is called very mild addiction and 8-10 points is called very severe addiction | 1 day | 
| Evaluation scale of psychological dependence on cigarette | It is a scale used in the evaluation of psychological dependence on cigarettes. The possible scores range from 25 to 75. As the scale score increases, the degree of psychological dependence increases; Scoring; 25-41 score: mildly addicted 42-58 score: moderate addiction | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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smoking, active smoking, pasive smoking, exercise capacity, maximal voluntary breath holding, Fagerstrom