Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Female Sexual Arousal Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Low resting heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with sexual arousal problems and overall sexual dysfunction in women. Research has indicated that HRV biofeedback leads to increases in HRV as well as improvements in symptoms associated with several psychological disorders, some of which are comorbid with sexual arousal problems in women. Autogenic training also facilitates increases in HRV and was recently associated with acute increases in sexual arousal among sexually healthy women. The primary aim of the current study is to examine the efficacy of HRV biofeedback, with and without autogenic training, for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD).

Detailed Description
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Women who meet ICD-10-CM diagnostic criteria for FSAD will be recruited and randomized into one of three conditions, HRV biofeedback (n = 25), HRV biofeedback plus autogenic training (n = 25), or wait-list control (n = 15). All participants will complete a baseline assessment, during which their resting state HRV and vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) will be measured. The participants in the two biofeedback conditions will receive training in HRV biofeedback from the experimenter, and they will be provided with the materials necessary to guide self-practice in HRV biofeedback at home. Participants in these two conditions will be instructed to engage in at-home HRV biofeedback (with or without autogenic training) at least 5 times over a period of two weeks, during which they will report levels of arousal in a sexual activity diary. Participants in the wait-list control condition will report levels of arousal in a sexual activity diary. After two weeks, participants in all three conditions will return to the laboratory, where their physiological and psychological sexual arousal will be measured. Over the next two weeks, participants in the two biofeedback conditions will be asked to complete 5 more self-guided biofeedback sessions along with the sexual activity diary. Participants in all three conditions will return to the lab for a final assessment to measure post-treatment HRV and VPA levels as well as psychological sexual arousal. To our knowledge, this study will be the first randomized controlled trial of HRV biofeedback in women with sexual arousal problems. If the intervention increases arousal in this population, this study may offer a promising cost-effective psychosocial treatment for women with sexual arousal problems.

Official Title
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Autonomic Imbalance and Female Sexual Arousal Disorder: The Identification of Heart Rate Variability Level as a Risk Factor and Treatment Target

Conditions
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Female Sexual Arousal Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: HRV Biofeedback
* Behavioral: Autogenic Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Premenopausal (18-40 years) Fluent in English Heterosexual or bisexual Score of 26.55 or less on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Current sexual arousal dysfunction Ownership of an Elite HRV compatible device (recent iPhone, iPad, or Android) Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant or breastfeeding History of or current sexually transmitted infections History of major pelvic surgery History of childhood sexual abuse Currently taking androgens, estrogens, or other medical treatments to enhance sexual arousal Current psychosis If on antidepressants or antihypertensives, must be stabilized for at least 3 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: HRV Biofeedback<br>At home HRV biofeedback using mobile device | Behavioral: HRV Biofeedback<br>* At-home heart rate variability biofeedback using Elite HRV app and Polar H7 chest strap<br>|
| Experimental: HRV Biofeedback with Autogenic Training<br>At home HRV biofeedback using mobile device plus autogenic training recording | Behavioral: HRV Biofeedback<br>* At-home heart rate variability biofeedback using Elite HRV app and Polar H7 chest strap<br>Behavioral: Autogenic Training<br>* Autogenic training recording provided on a CD<br>|
| No Intervention: Wait List<br>Wait list control | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Physiological sexual arousal assessed by vaginal photoplethysmography |  | One month | 
| Subjective sexual arousal assessed by Film Scale (Heiman & Rowland, 1983) |  | One month | 
| Sexual function assessed by Female Sexual Function Index (Rosen et al., 2000) |  | Two months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Depression symptoms assessed by Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Brown, & Steer, 1996) |  | Two months | 
| Anxiety symptoms assessed by Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988) |  | Two months | 
| Interoceptive awareness assessed by the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (Mehling et al., 2012) |  | Two months |