The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain During Propofol Injection

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Propofol, an intravenous sedative agent, frequently produces pain during injection. This study was designed to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation could reduce pain during propofol injection. in minimizing propofol injection pain.

Detailed Description
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Twenty min after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, the electrodes were removed and propofol 0.5 mg/kg was administered at the rate of 0.5 ml/sec using syringe pump. Propofol injection pain was evaluated by a study blinded anesthesiologist using a four point scale: 0=no (negative response to questioning), 1=mild pain (pain reported only in response to questioning without any behavioral sings), 2=moderate pain (pain reported in response to questioning and accompanied by a behavioral signs or pain reported spontaneously without questioning, 3=severe pain (strong vocal response or response accompanied by facial grimacing, arm withdrawal or tears).

Official Title
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The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain During Propofol Injection

Conditions
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Pain, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Propofol Adverse Reaction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
* Device: Placebo transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Exclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification > 3 Patient with a history of allergy to drugs Patient who takes opioid, sedative, anticonvulsant Patient with a history of neurologic disease and psychological disorders patient with skin problem Patient with pacemaker or electric medical device pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: TENS YW-5000 (YoungWon Medical Co, Korea)
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group<br>Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was givent via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site 20 min before propofol injection | Device: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation<br>* transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group received transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site 20 min before propofol injection<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: control group<br>No transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was not given via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site 20 min before propofol injection | Device: Placebo transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation<br>* Placebo transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group received no transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation via two electrodes on the venous cannulation site 20 min before propofol injection<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pain during propofol injection | Propofol injection pain was evaluated by a study blinded anesthesiologist using a four point scale | 15 seconds |