Researches of Retinal Artery Lesions and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study is to investigate the relationship between staging of retinal artery lesions and the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a Chinese population. All the patients were divided into four groups according retinal artery lesions.The endpoints were main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke after 3 to 6 years of follow-up.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The aim of this study was to determine whether retinal artery lesions can predict long-term adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after drug-eluting stent (DES) implant. A total of 660 consecutive patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention enrolled this study at the Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital. All the subjects were divided into two groups based on the retinal artery lesions: Group 1, retinal artery lesions≤ Stage 2 (n=296) and group 2 (n=364), retinal artery lesions > Stage 2. Beside,the eye fundus examination was done in all patients to mesure the extent and severity of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in the retinal arteries . Patients were excluded from the study if they had severe nephropathy (GFR< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), vascular obstruction, acute illnesses or any other condition that was thought to contraindicated coronary angiography. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The composite endpoint was defined as major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), namely recurrent serious angina pectoris, nonfatal MI, revascularization and stroke.

Official Title
-----------------
Retinal Artery Lesions to Predict Long-term Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Conditions
-----------------
Acute Coronary Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: drug-eluting stent implantation


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: consecutive patients with ACS who performed coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Exclusion Criteria: Patients were excluded from the study if they had heart failure, malignancies, renal insufficiency (creatinine > 133µmol/L), liver disease, stroke and severe lung disease.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients<br>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who underwent coronary angiography ,drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, and eye fundus examination. | Procedure: drug-eluting stent implantation<br>* The DES contains Firebird , sirolimus-eluting stents, paclitaxel-eluting stents , or zotarolimus-eluting stents . Unfractionated heparin was used during percutaneous coronary intervention .A loading dose of 300 mg clopidogrel was given to all patients prior to PCI, followed by a maintenance dose of 75 mg daily for 12 months before it was stopped.<br>* Other names: DES;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Main cardiac events | recurrent serious angina pectoris, nonfatal MI, revascularization and stroke | July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015, up to 9 years | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
relationship, retinal artery lesions, long-term outcomes