Carotenoid and Flavonoid Absorption From Red and Tangerine-Type Tomatoes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Eating a diet rich in tomatoes has been associated with decreased risk for a variety of diseases. Tomatoes contain red-colored lycopene (one type of pigment in the class of pigments called carotenoids), which has been associated with the decreased risk of disease in those consuming tomato products; however, tomatoes also contain flavonoids, which may also have health promoting effects. The Tangerine tomato, a unique tomato variety, contains lycopene in a different form that in red tomatoes and this contributes to their characteristic orange color. This orange lycopene is more similar to the most common form of lycopene found in the blood and tissue of people who eat a tomato-rich diet, and may be more easily absorbed by the body. The objectives of this study are to determine if carotenoids and flavonoids from Tangerine tomatoes are more easily absorbed by the body than red tomatoes, and to examine if eating Tangerine versus red tomatoes impacts markers of inflammation (response to harmful substances by the body).

Detailed Description
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The primary goal of this research is to determine if a processed Tangerine tomato product has enhanced bioavailability of carotenoids and flavonoids compared to a commercially available processed red tomato product in humans. This primary objective will be accomplished by quantifying carotenoids from post-prandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions of plasma and flavonoids from whole plasma and urine, after subjects consume a meal containing Tangerine or red tomato juice. A secondary goal is to examine if short-term delivery of bioactives from Tangerine and red tomatoes impact markers of inflammation in humans. This secondary objective will be accomplished by analyzing plasma for both interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker for inflammation, and RNA to assess alterations in transcription of genes that regulate inflammation.

Official Title
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Enhancing Bioavailability and Nutritional Quality of Processed Tomato Products

Conditions
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Carotenoid and Flavonoid Absorption

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Tangerine tomato juice
* Other: Red tomato juice


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Total cholesterol ≤200 mg/dL Triglycerides ≤ 200mg/dL BMI 18.5 to 30.0kg/m2 Not anemic (hemoglobin at or above 10g/dL and hematocrit at or above 30%) Age 18-70 years Exclusion Criteria: Lactating, pregnant, or plan to be pregnant during study Tobacco (cigarettes and chewing tobacco) Metabolic disease, such as diabetes mellitus or thyroid dysfunction Malabsorption disorders (e.g. ileus, Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, pancreatic insufficiency) History of cancer, esophageal, gastric, or intestinal ulcers History of liver or kidney insufficiency or failure Auto-immune disorders Chronic inflammation (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) Allergies to tomatoes or tomato products Obesity (BMI > 30kg/m2) or underweight (BMI <18.5kg/m2) Hypercholesterolemia (Total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL) Triglycerides > 200mg/dL Subjects taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (e.g. Aspirin, Advil, Tylenol, Aleve) for 72 hours prior to each day-long visit. Anemia (hemoglobin below 10g/dL or hematocrit below 30%) Blood donation within the last 8 weeks

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Tangerine tomato juice<br>Tangerine tomato juice will be fed | Other: Tangerine tomato juice<br>* Post-prandial feeding study<br>|
| Experimental: Red tomato juice<br>Red tomato juice will be fed | Other: Red tomato juice<br>* Post-prandial feeding study<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pharmacokinetics of Carotenoid Absorption | The primary goal of this research is to determine if a processed tangerine tomato product has enhanced bioavailability of carotenoids and flavonoids compared to a commercially available processed red tomato product in humans. An area under the curve for concentration of carotenoids (from triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction of plasma) by using carotenoid concentrations from hours 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 over time to quantify absorption, after subjects consume a meal containing tangerine or red tomato juice. | 11 post-prandial blood samples will be taken over 12 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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tomato, tangerine tomato, carotenoids, lycopene, flavonoids