Etoricoxibe - Preemptive and Postoperative Analgesia for Abdominal and Thoracic Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This randomised placebo controlled double-blinded bicentre study (phase III) was designed to evaluate the preemptive and postoperative analgetic impact of etoricoxibe in open abdominal and thoracic surgery. Etoricoxib selectively inhibits isoform 2 of cyclo-oxigenase enzyme (COX-2). Therefore 120 patients (ASA-risk 1-2) with upcoming abdominal or thoracic surgery should be included into this study. Patients are randomly allocated to either the preemptive or the postoperative Etoricoxibe group. These two groups are divided each into two arms. Preemptive group patients get Etoricoxibe either twice (before and after surgery) or just a single preoperative dose. Postoperative group patients get placebo before surgery and either a drug application or a placebo again after surgery (so called 2x2 factorial study design). Cumulative use of morphine as assessed within first 48 hours after surgery is the primary trial outcome indicating the analgesic potency of Etoricoxibe. In addition, changes in patients level of sensibilisation will be measured with help of quantitative sensory testing (a standardised procedure) before and after surgery (secondary outcome). In addition pharmacogenetic testing will provide information about genetic aberrations (so called polymorphisms) of the patients enzymes that should be compared to the individual reaction regarding Etoricoxibe. The results will give hint about the analgesic impact of etoricoxibe in acute postoperative pain. There will be findings for preemptive analgesia and nerval processes. All this could lead to an improvement of postoperative pain relief while administrating preemptively a COX-2 selective inhibitor before surgery.

Detailed Description
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Etoricoxib (brand name Arcoxia worldwide; also Algix and Tauxib in Italy) is a new COX-2 selective inhibitor (approx. 106.0 times more selective for COX-2 inhibition over COX-1). Doses are 120 mg/day for acute pain. Current therapeutic indications are: treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic low back pain, acute pain and gout. Note that approved indications differ by country. Like any other COX-2 selective inhibitor, Etoricoxib selectively inhibits isoform 2 of cyclo-oxigenase enzyme (COX-2). This reduces the generation of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. Among the different functions exerted by PGs, their role in the inflammation cascade should be highlighted. COX-2 selective inhibitor (aka COXIB) showed less marked activity on type 1 cycloxigenase compared to traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This reduced activity is the cause of reduced gastrointestinal toxicity. Quantitative sensory tests (QST) are techniques employed to measure the intensity of stimuli needed to produce specific sensory perceptions. They are used to evaluate a sensory detection threshold or other sensory responses from supra-threshold stimulation. The common physical stimuli are (i) touch-pressure, (ii) vibration, and (iii) coolness, warmth, cold pain, and heat pain. In QST, the subject must be able to comprehend what is being asked by the test, alert and not taking mind-altering medications, and not biased to a certain test outcome.

Official Title
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Etoricoxibe - Preemptive and Postoperative Analgesia for Abdominal and Thoracic Surgery

Conditions
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Pain, Abdominal Surgery, Thoracic Surgery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Etoricoxibe
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Programmed abdominal or thoracic surgery Patients > 18 yrs Patients are aware of German language Participation is voluntary ASA-risk class 1-2 (American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines) Exclusion Criteria: Severe cardiac, pulmonary, renal or neurologic disease ASA risk III and IV Insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus Polyneuropathy Chronic pain Use of analgesic drugs Ulcus duodeni Ulcus ventriculi Time after intestinal bleeding Allergy reactions towards coxibes or coxibe-like drugs Pregnancy and lactation Severe hepatic disease (Albumin < 25 g/l or Child-Pugh-Score ≥ 10) Children and Teenager < 16 years Chronic intestinal inflammation Heart failure (NYHA II - IV) Inbalancend arterial hypertension

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Preemptive<br>Preemptive group patients get Etoricoxibe twice (before and after surgery) or just a single preoperative dose | Drug: Etoricoxibe<br>* Preemptive group patients get Etoricoxibe either twice (before and after surgery) or just a single preoperative dose.<br>* Other names: Etoricoxibe 120mg Registration-N° 59863.02.00;|
| Placebo Comparator: Postoperative<br>Postoperative group patients get placebo before surgery and either a drug application or a placebo again after surgery. | Drug: Placebo<br>* Postoperative group patients get placebo before surgery and either a drug application or a placebo again after surgery (so called 2x2 factorial study design).<br>* Other names: Placebo-Etoricoxibe;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cumulative use of morphine as assessed within first 48 hours after surgery |  | first 48 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in patients level of sensibilisation will be measured with help of quantitative sensory testing (a standardised procedure) before and after surgery. |  | preoperative and 48h postoperative | 
| Pharmacogenetic testing will provide information about genetic aberrations (so called polymorphisms) of the patients enzymes that should be compared to the individual reaction regarding Etoricoxibe. |  | 48 hours postoperative | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pain, coxibe, preemptive, abdominothoracic, sensibilisation, Analgesia