Varying the Energy Density and Portion Size of the Main Course After a First-course Salad

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this research is to determine whether varying the energy density and portion size of the main course will affect meal energy intake after consumption of a first course that has previously been shown to enhance satiety. It is hypothesized that increasing either the energy density or portion size of the main course will increase meal energy intake after consumption of the first course. It is also hypothesized that compared to when a first course is consumed, not consuming a first course will increase meal energy intake.

Official Title
-----------------
Varying the Energy Density and Portion Size of the Main Course After a First-course Salad

Conditions
-----------------
Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Adults from Penn State and the surrounding community Exclusion Criteria: Currently dieting Food allergies

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Std ED Control<br>100% energy density and 133% portion size | Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study<br>* In a crossover design, adults are served breakfast and lunch, 1 day a week for 6 weeks. Breakfast is not varied across weeks. At 4 of the lunch meals, a salad first course will be served that needs to be eaten in its entirety. At these 4 meals the lunch entree will vary in energy density (100% and 133%) and portion size (100% and 133%). At the 2 lunch meals for which no first course is served, the lunch entree will be vary in energy density (100% and 133%) but be the same portion size (133%).<br>|
| Experimental: Inc ED Control<br>133% energy density and 133% portion size | Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study<br>* In a crossover design, adults are served breakfast and lunch, 1 day a week for 6 weeks. Breakfast is not varied across weeks. At 4 of the lunch meals, a salad first course will be served that needs to be eaten in its entirety. At these 4 meals the lunch entree will vary in energy density (100% and 133%) and portion size (100% and 133%). At the 2 lunch meals for which no first course is served, the lunch entree will be vary in energy density (100% and 133%) but be the same portion size (133%).<br>|
| Experimental: Std ED and Std PS<br>100% energy density and 100% portion size | Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study<br>* In a crossover design, adults are served breakfast and lunch, 1 day a week for 6 weeks. Breakfast is not varied across weeks. At 4 of the lunch meals, a salad first course will be served that needs to be eaten in its entirety. At these 4 meals the lunch entree will vary in energy density (100% and 133%) and portion size (100% and 133%). At the 2 lunch meals for which no first course is served, the lunch entree will be vary in energy density (100% and 133%) but be the same portion size (133%).<br>|
| Experimental: Std ED and Inc PS<br>100% energy density and 133% portion size | Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study<br>* In a crossover design, adults are served breakfast and lunch, 1 day a week for 6 weeks. Breakfast is not varied across weeks. At 4 of the lunch meals, a salad first course will be served that needs to be eaten in its entirety. At these 4 meals the lunch entree will vary in energy density (100% and 133%) and portion size (100% and 133%). At the 2 lunch meals for which no first course is served, the lunch entree will be vary in energy density (100% and 133%) but be the same portion size (133%).<br>|
| Experimental: Inc ED and Inc PS<br>133% energy density and 133% portion size | Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study<br>* In a crossover design, adults are served breakfast and lunch, 1 day a week for 6 weeks. Breakfast is not varied across weeks. At 4 of the lunch meals, a salad first course will be served that needs to be eaten in its entirety. At these 4 meals the lunch entree will vary in energy density (100% and 133%) and portion size (100% and 133%). At the 2 lunch meals for which no first course is served, the lunch entree will be vary in energy density (100% and 133%) but be the same portion size (133%).<br>|
| Experimental: Inc ED and Std PS<br>133% energy density and 100% portion size | Other: Energy density and portion size feeding study<br>* In a crossover design, adults are served breakfast and lunch, 1 day a week for 6 weeks. Breakfast is not varied across weeks. At 4 of the lunch meals, a salad first course will be served that needs to be eaten in its entirety. At these 4 meals the lunch entree will vary in energy density (100% and 133%) and portion size (100% and 133%). At the 2 lunch meals for which no first course is served, the lunch entree will be vary in energy density (100% and 133%) but be the same portion size (133%).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy intake |  | 6 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Food intake |  | 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Feeding behavior