Investigation of the Characteristics of Chronic Pain Developing After COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Data on pain after COVID-19 were generally collected from hospitalized patients and only include information on acute pain conditions. However, the characteristics of the chronic pain experienced after COVID-19 are unknown. For this reason, the treatment and recommendations for patients who present with chronic pain after COVID-19 are not clear. Our goal is to determine the characteristics and risk factors of chronic pain developing in COVID-19 patients and to create specific treatment recommendations for these patient groups with further studies.

Detailed Description
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Data on pain developing after COVID-19 were generally collected from hospitalized patients and only include information on acute pain conditions seen after the ilness. It is noteworthy that headache and musculoskeletal pain were seen common in first few weeks. However, the characteristics (mechanical, inflammatory, central sensitization, anxiety-related, etc.) of the chronic pain experienced are unknown. For this reason, the treatment and recommendations for patients who present with chronic pain after COVID-19 are not clear. Our goal is to determine the characteristics and risk factors of chronic pain developing in COVID-19 patients and to create specific treatment recommendations for these patient groups with further studies.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Characteristics of Chronic Pain Developing After COVID-19 in Patients With COVID-19

Conditions
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Covid19, Coronavirus, Chronic Pain

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being over the age of 18 SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrated with the PCR test (testing date irrelevant) Pain developed or increased after having COVID-19 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Mental retardation or mental status not eligible to answer the questionnaires

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms & Signs (S-LANSS) Pain Score | The S-LANSS aims to identify pain of predominantly neuropathic origin, as distinct from nociceptive pain, without the need for clinical examination. | up to 1 year | 
| The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Score | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a self-assessment questionnaire that has been found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of anxiety and depression in the setting of hospital outpatient clinic. The HADS questionnaire has seven items each for depression and anxiety subscales. | up to 1 year | 
| Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) | The Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI) is a self-report outcome measure designed to identify patients who have symptoms that may be related to central sensitisation (CS) or central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) such as fibromyalgia, neck injury, temporomandibular joint disorder or migraine/tension headaches. CSI includes 25 questions related to common CSS symptoms. | up to 1 year | 
| Self-report Demographic Questionnaire | A questionnaire made by the researchers to understand the demographic characteristics of the patients included. | up to 1 year | 
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain | The visual analog scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective measure for acute and chronic pain. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that represents a continuum between no pain and worst pain. | up to 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Chronic Pain, COVID19, Characteristics