Post-partum Depression, Breastfeeding Adherence and Fear in COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims to explore whether quarantine measures, social distancing and hospital containment policies among women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced psycho-emotional distress in the immediate postpartum period. The investigators tested for depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the first 6 postpartum months, and then used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, measuring also the adherence and practices of breastfeeding according to WHO.

Official Title
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Post-partum Depression, Breastfeeding Adherence, and Fear in Women Giving Birth During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Conditions
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Breast Feeding, Exclusive, Post Partum Depression, Covid19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
* Behavioral: Breast Feeding Adherence
* Behavioral: Fear of Covid-19 Scale


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women aged ≥18 years Women who delivered singletons at term in the last 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic Exclusion Criteria: Women who delivered two or more products Women who delivered singletons at term past the last 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic Women who delivered singletons pre or post-term in the last 6 months during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale|The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a self-administered questionnaire made up of 10 items scored using a four-point Likert scale (0-3) designed to screen for symptoms of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression represents the end of a continuum of severity of symptoms. The present study used a cutoff point for depressive symptomatology risk of higher than 12.|
|Behavioral: Breast Feeding Adherence|This will be addressed according to the breastfeeding initiation practices according to the WHO.|
|Behavioral: Fear of Covid-19 Scale|The Fear of Covid-19 Scale is a questionnaire that evaluates fear of the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. It consists of seven items, each with a five-point Likert scale of options. The participant is instructed to choose the option that best represents their perception about the statement presented. The maximum possible total is 35 points. The scale's authors indicate that the higher the score is, the higher is the level of the participants' fear of COVID-19.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Post-Partum Depression Frequency | To explore the frequency of post-partum depression in women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic | Baseline | 
| Breast Feeding Adherence and behavior. | To explore the breastfeeding behavior of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigators asked the patients about the frequency of breastfeeding, the duration in months of how long the mothers breastfed in a previous child, if the participants have breastfed before, and whether the participants exclusively breastfed or complemented the nutrition with formula. | Baseline | 
| Fear of Covid-19 severity | The Fear of Covid-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a questionnaire that evaluates fear of the global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The FVC-19S consists of seven items, such as It makes me uncomfortable to think about coronavirus-19, I am afraid of losing my life because of coronavirus-19, and When watching news and stories about coronavirus-19 on social media, I become nervous or anxious, each with a five-point Likert scale of options. The participant is instructed to choose the option that best represents their perception about the statement presented. The maximum possible total is 35 points. The scale's authors indicate that the higher the score is, the higher is the level of the participants' fear of COVID-19. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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COVID-19, Post-partum depression, Breast feeding, Pandemic