Urine Biomarkers to Predict Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate, in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery, the predicting capability of biomarkers for acute kidney injury. The main questions it aims to answer: The predicting capability of acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers for the primary endpoint: the occurrence of AKI stage ≥ 1 within 48-h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The predicting capability of AKI biomarkers for the secondary endpoint: the occurrence of AKI stage ≥ 2 within 12-h after ICU admission. Investigated biomarkers include urine chitinase 3-like protein 1 (uCHI3L1), urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7(IGFBP7), NephroCheck® and Δ serum creatinine [postop-preop]. Differences in concentration between patients with and without AKI development were investigated, as well as AKI diagnostic performance of (combined) biomarkers. During and after cardiac surgery several blood and urine samples will be taken of participants to investigated AKI occurrence and to measure biomarker concentrations.

Detailed Description
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Pediatric patients after cardiac surgery were prospectively included. Urine and blood samples were taken between induction of anesthesia and the start of cardiac surgery, at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48-h after ICU admission respectively. Sampling was only done in the operating room and ICU. Volume and number of blood samples collected were according to the guidance of the European Commission on blood volume limits for sampling. Clinical data were extracted from the hospital records by study coordinators. Samples were anonymized as were clinical data. All technicians were blinded to clinical data. Acute kidney injury was defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition and classification, using both serum creatine as urine output criteria. AKI predicting capability of biomarkers was assessed by performing area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUROC) analysis. Biomarkers were evaluated individual and as a combination of two- or three-biomarker-panels diagnostic tests. Additionally, the absolute difference between pre- and postoperative serum creatinine (ΔsCr[postop-preop]) was evaluated as diagnostic test. To correct for urine dilution, the investigated urine biomarkers were normalized, by dividing urine biomarker concentration by urine creatinine concentration. A sensitivity analysis was made to evaluate the biomarker performance to predict AKI ≥ 1 in patients who did not already have AKI ≥ 1 at ICU admission. Likewise, a similar sensitivity analysis was made for AKI ≥ 2.

Official Title
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Potential of Urine Biomarkers CHI3L1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7 and Combinations as Complementary Diagnostic Tools for Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: a Prospective Cohort Study

Conditions
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Acute Kidney Injury, Congenital Cardiac Disorders

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: pediatric patients (age <18 years with body weight ≥ 2 kg) patient underwent elective cardiac surgery Exclusion Criteria: AKI stage ≥1 on admission chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 kidney transplantation cardiac surgery during weekend

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 17 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| AKI stage ≥ 1 | occurrence of AKI stage ≥ 1 within 48 hours after ICU admission after pediatric cardiac surgery | 48 hours after ICU admission | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| AKI stage ≥ 2 | occurrence of AKI stage ≥ 2 within 12 hours after ICU admission after pediatric cardiac surgery | 12 hours after ICU admission | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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acute kidney injury, pediatric, cardiac surgery, biomarkers