Sugar-sweetened Beverages Influence Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this study was to determine how metabolic and inflammatory effects of physical exercise in overweight individuals are altered when sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are consumed after physical exercise. A randomized, controlled crossover trial was performed in which participants performed exercise with and without the ingestions of SSB during exercise or a non-exercise control condition to evaluate metabolic and inflammatory responses one day after the exercise and or SSB treatment.

Detailed Description
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Participants: Women (n=24; 18-55 y) with a BMI > 25 and < 35 kg·m-2 who are sedentary to moderately active were recruited to participate. Research Design: This study was a randomized, counter-balanced, cross-over clinical trial consisting of three experimental conditions in which each participant served as her/his own control. Assessments of health history, physical activity (to confirm that participants were physically inactive), anthropometrics, resting metabolic rate, and aerobic capacity were made during an initial laboratory visit. Participants performed three different study conditions, typically separated by one week, thus women were not tested in a specific menstrual cycle phase. Participants recorded their diet the day before and the morning of the first condition and replicated this for the second and third conditions. On the study days, participants consumed their breakfast prior to 9:00 AM and arrived in the lab at 11 AM. The three conditions were performed in randomized order. In the control condition (CON), participants rested quietly for 1 hour. In the remaining two conditions, participants performed 45 minutes of treadmill exercise at 11 AM. Following the rest or exercise period, subjects were provided energy balanced diets. Total energy intake was balanced across exercise conditions and appropriately adjusted for the lack of exercise in the CON condition. At 7 AM on the following morning, following an overnight fast, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Measurements were made to determine fasting glucose, insulin and lipid panel, 2-hour OGTT glucose, insulin sensitivity (SI OGTT), early (0-30 min) and late (30-120 min) glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) based on c-peptide concentrations. Indirect calorimetry was also performed to determine resting carbohydrate and fat oxidation and metabolic flexibility, defined as the change in respiratory exchange ration (RER) during the OGTT. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and reactive oxygen species were measure before, 60, and 120 minutes during the OGTT to assess the inflammation response.

Official Title
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The Influence of Diet During and After Exercise on Metabolic Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adults

Conditions
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Inflammation, Insulin Sensitivity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Exercise with and without SSB ingestion


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: BMI > 25 and < 35 kg/m2 sedentary to moderately active Exclusion Criteria: inflammatory conditions heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases that may interfere with the safety of exercise or other experimental procedures allergy to wheat, gluten, dairy, or peanuts taking blood pressure, cholesterol lowering, or anti-inflammatory medications taking hormone-based birth control with exception of intrauterine device, pregnant health concerns that make it difficult to participate in study procedures

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomized crossover
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: EX+H2O<br>Exercise and diet that did not include SSB | Other: Exercise with and without SSB ingestion<br>* Consumption of a prescribed diet with and without SSB and performance of moderate aerobic exercise or resting/control<br>|
| Experimental: EX+SSB<br>Exercise and diet that includes SSB | Other: Exercise with and without SSB ingestion<br>* Consumption of a prescribed diet with and without SSB and performance of moderate aerobic exercise or resting/control<br>|
| No Intervention: CONTROL<br>No exercise and diet that did not include SSB | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Glucose tolerance | 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with measurement of glucose and insulin | 2 hours | 
| Metabolic flexibility | Change in respiratory exchange ratio in response to ingestion of 75 g of glucose | 2 hours | 
| Inflammation | Change in cytokine and reactive oxygen species concentrations after ingestion of 75 g of glucose | 2 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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metabolic syndrome, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, overweight/obese