Longitudinal Study in Perimenopausal Women With Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study hypothesis (or theory) is that monthly loss of iron before menopause may reduce women's risk of hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. This study uses noninvasive, noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of arteries in women entering menopause. This will help to determine if there is a correlation between iron accumulation and hardening of the arteries. In addition, blood levels of hormones will be measured to help show differences due to hormone levels vs. iron accumulation.

Detailed Description
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Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is the underlying disease responsible for the vast majority of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and afflicted over 30 million Americans in 2005. While the prevalence of atherosclerosis is similar in women and men, women enjoy a  5-10 year lag in onset of cardiovascular events compared to men. After menopause, a state defined by marked reduction in ovarian hormone production, the incidence of events such as heart attack and stroke caused by atherosclerotic plaque rises up to threefold regardless of age range. This has prompted numerous investigations of hormone therapy (HT) to lower cardiovascular risk to premenopausal levels. Therapeutic trials, however, have not realized a cardiovascular benefit; in fact, initiating HT in large randomized trials did not decrease and possibly increased cardiovascular risk. Studies of coronary heart disease prevention have shown mixed results using estrogen alone vs. estrogen plus progestin, while studies of stroke prevention have consistently shown increased risk with HT. Clearly, different therapeutic interventions warrant consideration. This proposal seeks to investigate a novel perspective using longitudinal clinical studies in women at risk of atherosclerosis. The studies involve a new noncontrast, noninvasive MRI method with blood tests that measure cholesterol, hormone levels, and inflammation.

Official Title
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Iron and Atherosclerosis: Longitudinal Study in Perimenopausal Women With Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis

Conditions
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Atherosclerosis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: women at least 40 yrs of age between 1 and 6 menstrual cycles in the past 12 months 2 or more of the following risk factors: high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking no known heart or vascular disease Exclusion Criteria: any known cardiovascular disease such as coronary disease, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure contraindication to MRI scan (e.g. aneurysm clip, iron-containing metal) NOTE that orthopedic hardware is usually MRI-compatible. We will go over detailed screening before enrollment.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Perimenopausal women<br>Women at the beginning stages of menopause | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| vessel wall changes over time that precede plaque buildup |  | baseline, 1-year follow-up and 2-year follow-up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| development of cardiovascular disease |  | annually for 4 years after baseline visit | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis risk