Developing and Validating the Caring Questionnaire of Service Learning Courses

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Research purposes: 1. Construct the caring scale in service learning courses. 2. Verify the reliability and validity of caring scale in service learning curriculum.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Background: The core value of healthcare education is caring. However, caring traits are learned and acquired. Service learning advocates learning by doing. Through experience learning, students are guided to learn caring attitude or caring behaviour. Thus, teachers should construct appropriate assessments to understand caring traits as a transformative process from students' learning. Teachers should also adjust the pace of teaching continuously and design appropriate courses to facilitate students' achievement of their learning goals.

Official Title
-----------------
Developing and Validating the Caring Questionnaire of Service Learning Courses: Using the Transformative Learning Model and Theory of Planned Behavior

Conditions
-----------------
CARING, SERVICE LEARNING

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: service learning


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: undergraduate students after attending a service learning course Exclusion Criteria: undergraduate students who refuse or are unwilling to participate in service learning courses.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: service learning|service learning for university students|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| first impression scale of service facility | Developing and validating the first impression scale in traditional Chinese language. The study uses the likert scale with five point scale: very positive, positive, neutral, negative, and very negative. The more positive feeling is more higher score. | up to 48 month | 
| service-learning experience of scale for caring | Developing and validating the service-learning experience scale for caring in traditional Chinese language. A higher score indicates more caring experiences. | up to 48 month | 
| organizational climate for service-learning | Developing and validating the organizational climate survey for service-learning in traditional Chinese language. The study uses the likert scale with five point scale: very positive, positive, neutral, negative, and very negative. The more positive feeling is more higher score. | up to 48 month | 
| idea transformation questionnaire for service-learning | Developing and validating a idea transformation questionnaire after service-learning in traditional Chinese language. A higher score indicates more idea changes. | up to 48 month | 
| perceived behavioral control for caring | Developing and validating the perceived behavioral control for caring in traditional Chinese language. The study uses the likert scale with five point scale: agree strongly, agree, neutral, disagree, and disagree strongly. The higher score indicates higher caring ability. The lower score indicates more difficult/limited to do caring behavior. | up to 48 month | 
| behavioral intention of caring | Developing and validating the behavioral intention of caring in traditional Chinese language. The study uses the likert scale with five point scale: agree strongly, agree, neutral, disagree, and disagree strongly. The higher score indicates higher commit for caring behavior in the near future. | up to 48 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| attitude of caring | Three items for personal attitude towards caring including cognition, affection and behavior. The score range from 0-15. The higher score means more positive attitude of caring. | after service-learning activity 1 month | 
| subjective norms | Personal caring ability is mainly influenced by those important people. The study uses the likert scale with five point scale: very important, important, neutral, unimportant, and very unimportant. The more important feeling is more higher score. | after service-learning activity 1 month | 
| selfishness questionnaire | Validating and reliability for selfishness scale in traditional Chinese language. The range score is from 0-48. A higher score indicates more selfishness. | after service-learning activity 1 month |