Depressive Symptoms and Emotion Regulation Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study investigates depressive symptoms and the use of emotion regulation strategies over the course of a two-year period in participants terminating outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for depression. The main objective of the study is to examine if changes in the use of certain emotion regulation strategies (e.g. reappraisal, rumination) predict depression relapse or changes in depressive symptoms after the completion of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy.

Official Title
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Depressive Symptoms and Emotion Regulation Following Outpatient Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: a Longitudinal Study

Conditions
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Depression

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age older than 18 years regular termination of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (or premature termination agreed upon by both the therapist and the patient because of symptom improvement after at least 12 sessions) last therapy session not more than two weeks prior to enrollment self-reported improvement in depressive symptoms as a result of cognitive behavioral therapy possession of a smartphone (operating system: Android or iOS) with Internet access possession of a laptop/desktop computer with Internet access familiarity with apps and the Internet fluency in German language Exclusion Criteria: premature termination of outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (exception: termination agreed upon by both the therapist and the patient because of symptom improvement) BDI-II score ≥ 20 acute substance use disorder (< 3 months) current or past psychotic disorder current or past (hypo)manic episode acute suicidality severe neurological disorder/cerebral damage severe physical/medical illness

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in ecological momentary assessment scores | Change in ecological momentary assessment scores. Data will be collected using the smartphone app EmoTrack2. The app measures emotions experienced, context factors of the emotional experiences, and emotions regulation strategies used (five measurements per day over a period of seven consecutive days). | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the mental disorders diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) | Change in the mental disorders diagnosed with the German version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 | 0, 6, 12, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the score on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | Change in the score on the German version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the score on the WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5) | Change in the score on the German version of the WHO (Five) Well-Being Index | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the scores on the Brief-Symptom-Checklist (BSCL) | Change in the scores on the German short form of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Change in the scores on the German version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | Change in the scores on the German version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the scores on the Heidelberg Form for Emotion Regulation Strategies (HFERST) | Change in the scores on the Heidelberg Form for Emotion Regulation Strategies (German questionnaire) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in the scores on the Questions on Life Satisfaction (FLZM) | Change in the scores on the Questions on Life Satisfaction (German Questionnaire) | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the scores on the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale | Change in the scores on the German version of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 
| Change in the scores on the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale | Change in the scores on the revised version of the German adaptation of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale | 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Depression, Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Ecological Momentary Assessment