Lavender Aromatherapy for Anxiety During Urodynamics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Urodynamics are performed in the evaluation of urinary incontinence in women considering surgery or who have failed conservative therapies. Urodynamic testing requires the placement of small catheters into the bladder and the vagina or rectum. Many women experience anxiety around the procedure which can affect patient satisfaction. Lavender aromatherapy has been associated with decreased anxiety in a variety of clinical situations. The purpose of this study is to determine a difference in self-reported anxiety and pain levels before, during, and after multichannel urodynamics in patients given lavender aromatherapy versus placebo. This study design is a randomized control trial. Women scheduled for urodynamic testing at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Urogynecology clinic will be invited to participate. Participants will be randomized to the aromatherapy or the placebo group after informed consent is obtained and immediately before undergoing multichannel urodynamics. The participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) at baseline. They will be asked to rate their level of anxiety and pain before, during, and 15 min after the study using the visual analogue scale and Wong-Baker pain scale. At the end the participants will also be asked to rate their satisfaction with the visit overall. The primary endpoint is defined as anxiety immediately after catheters are placed. Data will be entered into a coded database for analysis using the independent samples t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi square test. Intention to treat analysis will be used.

Detailed Description
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This study design is a randomized placebo control trial. Aside from randomization to aromatherapy versus placebo, no procedures will be performed for study purposes that would not be normally performed in the clinical evaluation. Women scheduled for urodynamic testing at the Los Angeles County University of Southern California (LAC+USC) Urogynecology clinic will be invited to participate. Participants who meet inclusion criteria will be randomized to the aromatherapy or the placebo group after informed consent is obtained and immediately before undergoing multichannel urodynamics. Sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes containing the identity of the study arm will be used for randomization. The urogynecology clinic nurse will prepare the aromatherapy versus distilled water on the paper towel that the patient is routinely given to hold over their mouths when asked to cough during the procedure; two drops of each will be utilized. Before the physician comes in, the nurse will ask the participant to take a deep breath while holding the towel 3 inches from her face and will instruct the participant to continue to take normal breaths subsequently. It will not be possible to blind the participants or the examiner to the assigned group since the lavender oil will have a different scent than the placebo. However, the use of distilled water on the towel will allow the possibility that the deep breathing accompanying the instruction may have an effect on reported pain and anxiety. The participant will undergo the standard clinic exam in standardized order. The participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) at baseline. The HADS is reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of a hospital medical outpatient clinic; it is available in English and Spanish versions. This will be used to establish their baseline anxiety levels. Participants will then be asked to rate their level of anxiety and pain immediately before beginning the exam, immediately after catheter placement, and 15 min after termination of the study using a 10 point visual analogue scale and the Wong-Baker pain scale.

Official Title
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The Use of Lavender Aromatherapy to Decrease Women's Anxiety and Perception of Pain During Multi-channel Urodynamics Procedure

Conditions
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Anxiety, Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia)
* Other: Distilled water


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women aged 18 and over, Scheduled to undergo multichannel urodynamic study, Able to give informed consent, Able to read and write in English or Spanish, Anxiety score > 0 on numerical scale at baseline Exclusion Criteria: Any contraindication to multichannel urodynamic study (active urinary tract infection, active pelvic infection, glucosuria, severe hypertension, or any other condition that might be worsened by an uncomfortable test), Allergy to lavender oil, or any of its components

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Control<br>Distilled water | Other: Distilled water<br>* The participants will be instructed to take a deep breath while holding the towel with two drops of distilled water 3 inches from her face before the start of the procedure and will be instructed to continue to take normal breaths subsequently during the procedure.<br>|
| Experimental: Lavender<br>Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia) | Other: Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (Aura Cacia)<br>* The participants will be instructed to take a deep breath while holding the towel with two drops of essential oil 3 inches from her face before the start of the procedure and will be instructed to continue to take normal breaths subsequently during the procedure.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anxiety Measured by VAS | Anxiety was measured using a visual analogue scale, from 0-10 cm. All measurements were rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm. Higher values indicate more anxiety. | At the time of catheter placement | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wong Baker Pain Scale | Pain was measured on the Wong Baker scale from 0-10. Higher values indicate more pain. | At the time of catheter placement | 
| Anxiety Measured by VAS | Anxiety was measured using a visual analogue scale, from 0-10 cm. All measurements were rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm. Higher values indicate more anxiety. | 15 min after removal of the urodynamics catheters | 
| Wong Baker Pain Scale | Pain was measured on the Wong Baker scale from 0-10. Higher values indicate more pain. | 15 min after removal of the urodynamics catheters | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Lavender, Aromatherapy, Urodynamics