The Implementation of Novel 'Heavy' Water Techniques for Determining Modulation of Muscle Protein, DNA and Lipid Synthesis Due to Ageing

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Maintenance of body's skeletal muscle is key to a healthy older age. However, as we age we lose on average 1-2% of our muscle each year. In order to slow this loss we need to understand fully the mechanisms regulating muscle mass with ageing. In this project we aim to determine these mechanisms using a new novel technique of 'heavy' water ingestion, which will allow us to measure multiple aspects of skeletal muscle mass control during normal everyday activities in young and old individuals over a period of 6 weeks. We will also determine the influence of resistance exercise training during this period in offsetting declines in muscle with ageing using this method

Conditions
-----------------
Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Resistance Exercise


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Young (18-30y) and old men (65-75y) who are generally healthy and recreationally active Exclusion Criteria: Active cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease including previous stroke, aneurysm (large vessel or intracranial) Respiratory disease including pulmonary hypertension or COPD Hyper/ hypo parathyroidism, hyper/ hypothyroidism, Cushing's disease, diabetes Active inflammatory bowel disease Renal disease Malignancy Recent steroid treatment (within 6 mo), or hormone replacement therapy Clotting dysfunction Musculoskeletal or neurological disorders Any disease requiring long-term drug prescriptions, including statins

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Old Unilateral Exercise<br>Old individuals (65-75y) studied before and after 6 weeks of unilateral resistance exercise training | Behavioral: Resistance Exercise<br>* 6 Weeks progressive unilateral resistance exercise, 3 times per week, 70% 1-RM, 6 x 8 Repetitions. 2 minutes rest between sets<br>|
| Experimental: Young Unilateral Exercise<br>Young Individuals (18-30y) studied before and after 6 weeks unilateral resistance exercise training | Behavioral: Resistance Exercise<br>* 6 Weeks progressive unilateral resistance exercise, 3 times per week, 70% 1-RM, 6 x 8 Repetitions. 2 minutes rest between sets<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle Protein Synthesis | Comparison of muscle protein synthesis between young and older individuals and in response to 6 weeks unilateral exercise training | 0-6 Weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle Sub fractions | Comparison of different sub fractions involved in muscle mass regulation between young and older individuals and in response unilateral exercise training | 0-6 week |