Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Plus Hormone Therapy Compared With Radiation Therapy Alone in Treating Patients With Stage II or Stage III Prostate Cancer

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Androgens can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Drugs such as, flutamide or bicalutamide may stop the adrenal glands from producing androgens. Giving radiation therapy with hormone therapy after surgery to remove the tumor may kill any tumor cells remaining after surgery and be an effective treatment for stage II or stage III prostate cancer. It is not yet known if radiation therapy combined with hormone therapy is more effective than either radiation therapy alone or hormone therapy alone in treating stage II or stage III prostate cancer. (Hormone therapy alone group closed as of 12/9/2002.) PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of adjuvant radiation therapy plus hormone therapy to that of radiation therapy alone or hormone therapy alone in treating patients who have stage II or stage III prostate cancer.

Detailed Description
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OBJECTIVES: Compare the overall survival, disease-free survival, freedom from distant metastases, and freedom from PSA failure in patients with high-risk stage II or III prostate cancer treated in the adjuvant setting with radiotherapy and hormonal therapy vs radiotherapy alone. Compare the qualitative and quantitative toxic effects of these regimens in these patients. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to seminal vesicle invasion (yes vs no), preoperative PSA (10 ng/mL or less vs greater than 10 ng/mL), Gleason score (2-6 vs 7 vs 8-10), positive surgical margins (yes vs no), and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (yes vs no). Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms. (Arm III closed to accrual as of 12/9/2002.) Arm I: Patients undergo radiotherapy once daily 5 days a week for 7 weeks. Beginning the first day of radiotherapy, patients also receive hormonal therapy comprising a luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone agonist once every 1-4 months for 2 years AND oral flutamide 3 times daily OR oral bicalutamide once daily for 1 month. Arm II: Patients undergo radiotherapy as in arm I. Arm III (Closed to accrual as of 12/9/2002):Patients receive hormonal therapy as in arm I. Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 4 years, and then annually thereafter. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 1,398 patients (699 per treatment arm) will be accrued for this study within 5 years. (Arm III closed to accrual as of 12/9/2002.)

Official Title
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Phase III Randomized Study of Adjuvant Therapy for High Risk pT3N0 Prostate Cancer

Conditions
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Prostate Cancer

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: bicalutamide
* Drug: flutamide
* Drug: releasing hormone agonist therapy
* Procedure: adjuvant therapy
* Radiation: radiation therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: Histologically confirmed prostate cancer T2-3, N0, M0 No metastatic disease High-risk for PSA relapse as defined by Gleason score 7 or higher and ≥ 1 of the following OR Gleason score < 7 and ≥ 2 of the following: Preoperative PSA > 10 ng/mL Positive surgical margins Seminal vesicle invasion Preoperative PSA ≤ 40.0 ng/mL Postoperative PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/mL Negative lymph node status by lymph node sampling or dissection If lymph node status is unknown, must have < 5% risk of involvement by Roach formula PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: Not specified Performance status: Zubrod 0-1 Life expectancy: Not specified Hematopoietic: WBC ≥ 3,000/mm^3 Platelet count ≥ 130,000/mm^3 Hemoglobin ≥ 11.4 g/dL Hepatic: ALT ≤ 3 times normal Renal: Creatinine ≤ 2.5 mg/dL Other: No other prior or concurrent invasive malignancy within the past 5 years except superficial nonmelanoma skin cancer No other major medical or psychiatric illness that would preclude study compliance PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: Not specified Chemotherapy: At least 5 years since prior chemotherapy Endocrine therapy: At least 60 days since prior finasteride At least 90 days since prior testosterone Prior pharmacologic androgen ablation for prostate cancer allowed if initiated within the past 10 months (must switch to study ablation therapy OR discontinue therapy if randomized to receive radiotherapy only) Radiotherapy: No prior radiotherapy to the pelvis No concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy Surgery: No prior orchiectomy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 0 Years
Maximum Age: 120 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: LH-RH agonist plus radiation therapy<br>Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist x 2 years plus radiation therapy (RT) to 63.0 - 66.6 Gy | Drug: bicalutamide<br> <br> Drug: flutamide<br> <br> Drug: releasing hormone agonist therapy<br> <br> Procedure: adjuvant therapy<br> <br> Radiation: radiation therapy<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Radiation therapy alone<br>Radiation therapy alone to 63.0 - 66.6 Gy | Procedure: adjuvant therapy<br> <br> Radiation: radiation therapy<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: LH-RH agonist alone<br>Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist x 2 years | Drug: bicalutamide<br> <br> Drug: flutamide<br> <br> Drug: releasing hormone agonist therapy<br> <br> Procedure: adjuvant therapy<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Overall survival |  | From the date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Disease-Free Survival |  | From the date of randomization to the date of first documented local progression or distant failure | 
| Distant Failure |  | From the date of randomization to the date of frist documented metastatic disease | 
| Biochemical Failure (detectable PSA) |  | From the date of randomization to the date of developing a PSA of 0.5 ng/ml or greater over the entry PSA | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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stage III prostate cancer, stage IIB prostate cancer, stage IIA prostate cancer