Correlation Between Core Temperature and Skin Temperature in Pediatrics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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During general anesthesia, temperature monitoring is critical especially in pediatrics. Recently developed 3M™ Bair Hugger™ skin temperature which is applied on temporal artery is correlated with core temperature measure by esophageal prove in several studies. Conventional skin temperature over carotid artery is also correlated with core temperature in several studies. The purpose of this study is comparing 2 methods of temperature monitoring in pediatrics. First, conventional core temperature measure by esophageal stethoscope. Second, 3M™ Bair Hugger™ applying on carotid artery.

Detailed Description
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Core temperature should be monitored under general anesthesia. Because patients are prone to hypothermia during surgery, besides, pediatric patients are more vulnerable in temperature control. Conventional core temperature is monitored at esophagus, rectum, nasopharynx. But some of them are invasive and impossible in sometimes. Recently developed 3M™ Bair Hugger™ skin temperature which is applied on temporal artery is correlated with core temperature measured by esophageal prove in several studies. Its mechanism is making zero heat flux on skin applied. But it also cannot apply in head or facial surgery. Other studies showed conventional skin temperature over carotid artery is also correlated with core temperature. The investigators hypothesized using 3M™ Bair Hugger™ on carotid artery could be alternative method measuring core temperature. The purpose of this study is comparing 2 methods of temperature monitoring in pediatrics. First, conventional core temperature measure by esophageal stethoscope. Second, 3M™ Bair Hugger™ applying on carotid artery.

Official Title
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Correlation Between Core Temperature and Skin Temperature Near Carotid Artery Measured by 3M™ Bair Hugger™ in Pediatrics

Conditions
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Temperature Change, Body, Anesthesia, Children, Only

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Esophagus temperature monitoring
* Other: Carotid artery temperature monitoring


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: scheduled operation under general anesthesia Who need esophageal temperature monitoring American society of anesthesiology physical status 1 or 2 Exclusion Criteria: Body mass index > 35 kg/m2 Who cannot be inserted esophageal temperature prove Patients with fever > 38'C History of malignant hyperthermia

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Pediatric participants<br>Participants' temperature measured at 2 places at the same time Esophagus Skin near to carotid artery | Other: Esophagus temperature monitoring<br>* Measuring core temperature by esophageal stethoscope<br>* Other names: core temperature;Other: Carotid artery temperature monitoring<br>* Measuring temperature on skin near to carotid artery using 3M™ Bair Hugger™ temperature monitoring system<br>* Other names: 3M™ Bair Hugger™ temperature monitoring;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Esophageal core temperature measured by stethoscope, ℃ | Temperature measured by esophageal stethoscope, ℃ | 3 hours (during general anesthesia) | 
| Carotid skin temperature by 3M™ Bair Hugger™, ℃ | Temperature measured by 3M™ Bair Hugger™ near to carotid artery, ℃ | 3 hours (during general anesthesia) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Room temperature, ℃ | Operating room temperature, ℃ | 3 hours (during general anesthesia) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pediatric, temperature, general anesthesia