Mental Health Related to School Dropout in Luxembourg

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study aims to investigate psychosocial risk- and protective factors such as psychiatric disorder, socio-economic background and family functioning among school dropouts and to compare the findings with those by a matched control group of regularly enrolled students.

Detailed Description
-----------------
In Luxembourg, the national authorities had to face school dropout rates of more than 15%. As a result, they introduced accompanying and preventive measures to reduce linguistic and cultural risk factors that may impede educational engagement and vocational decisions. Since 2006, the dropout rate has overall declined. However the proportion of early school leavers who remain without any specific occupation is still alarming. This study aims to identify psychosocial risk - and protective factors of secondary school dropout in order to deliver solid insight on how to tailor early detection and intervention programs. In the light of prior findings, the investigators hypothesize that school dropouts have significantly more mental health problems than their peers who go to school. They are also more likely to report a poor socio-economic background, negative school experiences and difficulties in family functioning. To test those hypotheses, the investigators will have an exploratory case control study.Recruitment of cases will be prospective, from an exhaustive population of dropouts and recruitment of matched controls will be done by random sampling. Data will be collected using self-report questionnaires on mental health, family life and problematic internet use as well as a structured clinical interview to consider psychiatric diagnosis according to the criteria of DSM IV.

Official Title
-----------------
Psychosocial Risk- and Protective Factors of Secondary School Dropout in Luxembourg: an Exploratory Case-control Study

Conditions
-----------------
Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Eating Disorders, Substance-related Disorders, Impulse Control Disorders, Psychotic Disorders, Antisocial Personality Disorder

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Enrolled in a public secondary school in Luxembourg Cases have to be reported as school dropouts in the electronic records of the ministry for education Informed consent obtained and signed by the adolescent and his/her legal guardian if the participant hasn't reached full age Understand German or French, which are the two languages of testing Resident in Luxembourg Exclusion Criteria: Acute hospitalization or arrest

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| School dropouts<br>Students who quit school without graduation | |
| Controls<br>Normally enrolled students matched for age, gender, school and educational level | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence and type of psychiatric disorders | Odds ratios of psychiatric disorders between cases and controls | 1.5 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Family variables (task fulfillment,role performance, communication, affective expression, connectedness, control behaviour, values and standards) | Odds ratios of family variables as predictors of interest and school dropout. As associations between the primary outcome measure and school dropout may vary with family variables, interactions between family variables and classes of mental disorders will be analyzed. | 1.5 years | 
| Socio-economic background (low, medium, high) | Odds ratios of socio-economic background as predictor of interest and school dropout. As associations between psychiatric disorders and school dropout may vary with socio-economic background, interactions between socio-economic background and classes of mental disorders will be analyzed. | 1.5 years |