Impact of Pacing Output and Cycle Length on QRS Morphology

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Current recommendations for pacemapping are based on expert opinion and animals models. Present study sought to evaluate the influence of different parameters of pacemapping on QRS morphology. Pacemapping is performed with different cycle length (fixed burst vs. coupling interval) and stimulation output (maximum output vs. threshold) and resulting QRS complexes are compared to clinical PVC and the standard of care to determine the optimal parameter setting in pacemapping.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Pacemapping is a common technique to determine to origin of ventricular ectopy during catheter ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVC). During the pacemapping process an electrical pacing stimulus is applied via the ablation catheter and the resulting QRS complex is compared the clinical target PVC. The higher the consistency between the stimulated QRS complex and the clinical PVC, the nearer the catheter is located to the origin of ectopy. Current recommendations for the execution of pacemapping are based on expert opinion and animals models. The investigators sought to assess for the first time in a clinical real life setting the different parameters for pacemapping (i.e. Cycle length and stimulation output). Therefore during the pacemapping process in routine PVC ablation pacing is performed with different cycle length (fixed burst vs. coupling interval of PVC) and different electrical output (maximum output vs. stimulation threshold). The resulting QRS morphologies are on the one hand compared to the ablation target (clinical PVC) and on the other hand to the suggest standard of care (Coupling interval at pacing threshold) to determine the optimal setting of parameters in pacemapping.

Official Title
-----------------
Impact of Pacing Output and Cycle Length on QRS Morphology in Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contractions

Conditions
-----------------
PVC - Premature Ventricular Complex, Catheter Ablation

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Additional Pacing maneuvers


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All patients undergoing PVC ablation Exclusion Criteria: patients <18 years patients not able to consent pregnancy contraindication for PVC ablation unavailability of vascular access patients with complex congenital heart disease expected hemodynamical instability during pacemapping

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Additional Pacing maneuvers<br>In all study participants additional pacing maneuvers (cycle lenght and output) are performed | Diagnostic Test: Additional Pacing maneuvers<br>* In order to determine the optimal setting for pacemapping in all participants additional pacing maneuvers (output and cycle length) are performed<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Template Matching with clinical PVC | Different pacing settings are applied in order to determine the optimal Consistency between paced QRS complex and clinical PVC | Immediately during PVC ablation. No follow up intended. | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Catheter ablation of PVC, Pacemapping