The Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Pain management during medical care is considered to be a basic human right and also affects patient satisfaction. In addition, effective management of acute pain contributes to improved patient outcomes. Patient satisfaction is a subjective state that indicates whether the healthcare provided has met the patient's needs and expectations. Many nurse theorists, including Florence Nightingale, have expressed the importance of providing comfort and relief for patients. In fact, comfort has been a crucial aspect of patient care since Nightingale's days, and has been considered an indispensable constituent of integrated nursing care. Studies to improve comfort may contribute to improving individuals' health outcomes, enforcing health-improvement behaviors, and improving healthcare quality as well as satisfaction and contentment of the individual and the nurse in the process of administering healthcare. In the literature, although the efficacy of various pharmacological methods for reducing pain associated with the insertion of PIC has been evaluated in adults, studies on nonpharmacological methods are limited. However, most of the studies were performed in healthy adults. Easy, inexpensive, and fast methods with unlikely side effects are needed to control pain and distress due to the PIC insertion in adults. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of distraction methods.

Official Title
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Can We Alleviate Pain Associated With The Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation By Using Distraction Methods in Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Distraction


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who ranked 4 (less urgent) and 5 (non-urgent) based on Canadian Emergency Department Triage Patients who had no visual, audial, or lingual disabilities, and no mental disorder. Exclusion Criteria: Patients who planned to have PIC insertion and were suitable for having a peripheral intravenous catheter insertion at their antecubital location using 20 Gauge (pink) cannula were eligible. Patients who refused to participate in the study, Patients who were not eligible for a 20 G peripheral intravenous catheter insertion, Patients who could not be inserted a peripheral intravenous catheter at the first time

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Distraction1 group<br>Distraction-1 Group (Cards containing optical illusion pictures) | Behavioral: Distraction<br>* Distraction-1 Group: Cards containing approximately six optical illusion pictures were shown to the patients and as a method of distraction during the PIC insertion procedure they were asked what they saw in these cards. Distraction-2 Group: Underwater 3D audial videos were played with visual reality (VR) goggles during PIC insertion until the procedure was completed.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Control | |
| Experimental: Distraction 2 group<br>Distraction-2 Group | Behavioral: Distraction<br>* Distraction-1 Group: Cards containing approximately six optical illusion pictures were shown to the patients and as a method of distraction during the PIC insertion procedure they were asked what they saw in these cards. Distraction-2 Group: Underwater 3D audial videos were played with visual reality (VR) goggles during PIC insertion until the procedure was completed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Associated With The Peripheral Intravenous Catheterisation | Visual Analog Scale was used to evaluate pain caused by needle insertion. In the Visual Analog Scale of 10 cm length, 0 indicated no pain, and 10 indicated the severest pain. | 1-2 minute |