REThinkAcademy: Helping Universities to Effectively Care for the Mental Health of College Students in the Digital Age

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The project aims at monitoring mental health and its mechanism in the student population using a longitudinal design and ecological momentary assessment procedure throughout the first semester of college.

Official Title
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REThinkAcademy: Helping Universities to Effectively Care for the Mental Health of College Students in the Digital Age

Conditions
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Mental Health Issue

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: StudentMood


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: student in Babes-Bolyai University in the first year Exclusion Criteria: incapacity of accessing the mobile app

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Screening
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Daily monitoring<br> | Other: StudentMood<br>* StudentMood is an app that uses ecological momentary assessment method to asses mood and other mental health corelates. Participants will have to complete the application (the mood wheel, heart rate and other behavioral data as well as standardized scales) daily throughout the entire semester<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rational and irrational beliefs | Attitudes and Beliefs Scale 2 Abbreviated Version (ABS-2 - AV; Hyland et al. 2014) | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in rational and irrational beliefs | Attitudes and Beliefs Scale 2 Abbreviated Version (ABS-2 - AV; Hyland et al. 2014) | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in rational and irrational beliefs | Attitudes and Beliefs Scale 2 Abbreviated Version (ABS-2 - AV; Hyland et al. 2014) | during the intervention | 
| Mental Health | Mental health- The General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12)(Goldberg &Williams, 1988) | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in Mental Health | Mental health- The General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12)(Goldberg &Williams, 1988) | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in Mental Health | Mental health- The General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12)(Goldberg &Williams, 1988) | during the intervention | 
| Distress | Distress and positive emotions: Profile of Affective Distress Plus; PED Opris & Macavei, 2007 | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in distress | Distress and positive emotions: Profile of Affective Distress Plus; PED Opris & Macavei, 2007 | immediately after the intervention | 
| Stress | Perceived Stress Scale Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in stress | Perceived Stress Scale Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in stress | Perceived Stress Scale Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. | during the intervention | 
| Well-being | WHO -5 Topp, C. W., Østergaard, S. D., Søndergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 84(3), 167-176. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in well-being | WHO -5 Topp, C. W., Østergaard, S. D., Søndergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 84(3), 167-176. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in well-being | WHO -5 Topp, C. W., Østergaard, S. D., Søndergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 84(3), 167-176. | during the intervention | 
| Self-Compassion | Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in self-Compassion | Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Emotion regulation | Gross and John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in emotion regulation | Gross and John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), | immediately after the intervention | 
| Insomnia | Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep medicine, 2(4), 297-307. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in insomnia | Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep medicine, 2(4), 297-307. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in insomnia | Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep medicine, 2(4), 297-307. | during the intervention | 
| Suicide | Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443-454. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in suicide | Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443-454. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in suicide | Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443-454. | during the intervention | 
| Mood disorders | DASS Parkitny, L., & McAuley, J. (2010). The depression anxiety stress scale (DASS). Journal of physiotherapy, 56(3), 204. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in mood disorders | DASS Parkitny, L., & McAuley, J. (2010). The depression anxiety stress scale (DASS). Journal of physiotherapy, 56(3), 204. | Post-intervention (one week after the intervention) | 
| Fluctuation in mood disorders | DASS Parkitny, L., & McAuley, J. (2010). The depression anxiety stress scale (DASS). Journal of physiotherapy, 56(3), 204. | during the intervention | 
| Somatic sympthoms | Gierk, B., Kohlmann, S., Kroenke, K., Spangenberg, L., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Löwe, B. (2014). The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden. JAMA internal medicine, 174(3), 399-407. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in somatic sympthoms | Gierk, B., Kohlmann, S., Kroenke, K., Spangenberg, L., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Löwe, B. (2014). The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden. JAMA internal medicine, 174(3), 399-407. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in somatic sympthoms | Gierk, B., Kohlmann, S., Kroenke, K., Spangenberg, L., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Löwe, B. (2014). The somatic symptom scale-8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden. JAMA internal medicine, 174(3), 399-407. | during the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in academic stress | Lin, Y. M., & Chen, F. S. (2009). Academic stress inventory of students at universities and colleges of technology. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 7(2), 157-162. | during the intervention | 
| Fluctuation in life experiences | Kohn, P. M., Lafreniere, K., & Gurevich, M. (1990). The inventory of college students' recent life experiences: A decontaminated hassles scale for a special population. Journal of behavioral medicine, 13(6), 619-630. | during the intervention | 
| Fluctuations in emotion regulation | Garnefski, Nadia, and Vivian Kraaij. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and individual differences 41.6 (2006): 1045-1053. | during the intervention | 
| Fluctuations in college student stress | Feldt, R. C. (2008). Development of a brief measure of college stress: The college student stress scale. Psychological reports, 102(3), 855-860. | during the intervention | 
| Fluctuations in stress coping styles | Lin, Y. M., & Chen, F. S. (2010). A stress coping style inventory of students at universities and colleges of technology. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 8(1), 67-72. | during the intervention | 
| College Student Adjustment | Watson, J. C., & Lenz, A. S. (2020). Development and evaluation of the inventory of new college student adjustment. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 22(3), 425-440. | during the intervention | 
| Student adaptation to college | College Adaptation Questionaire is a scale ) to assess how well students have adjusted to university life, is a self-report instrument consisting of 18 statements. Respondents indicate on a seven-point rating scale how well each statement applies Van Rooijen, L. (1986). Advanced students' adaptation to college. Higher Education, 15(3), 197-209. | during the intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Personality | Big 5 Rammstedt, B. & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10 item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 203-212. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Attachment | Wongpakaran N, DeMaranville J, Wongpakaran T. Validation of the Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) against the Experience of Close Relationship-Revised Questionnaire in a Clinical Psychiatric Sample. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Sep 7;9(9):1174. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9091174. PMID: 34574948; PMCID: PMC8470855. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Trauma | Childhood Trauma Screener Witt, A., Öz, Y., Sachser, C. et al. Validation and standardization of the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS) in the general population. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 16, 73 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00506-6 | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Schemas | Young Schema Questionnaire - one subscale Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (2005). Young schema questionnaire-short form; Version 3. Psychological Assessment. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Loneliness | Snape, D., & Martin, G. (2018). Measuring loneliness: guidance for use of the National indicators on surveys. Office for National Statistics. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Fluctuation in loneliness | Snape, D., & Martin, G. (2018). Measuring loneliness: guidance for use of the National indicators on surveys. Office for National Statistics. | during the intervention | 
| Coping strategies | B-COpe Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989 | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Fluctuation in coping strategies | B-COpe Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989 | during the intervention | 
| Senzitivity to reward | Sava, F. A., & Sperneac, A. M. (2006). Sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment rating scales: A validation study on the Romanian population. Personality and Individual differences, 41(8), 1445-1456. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes to sensitivity to reward | Sava, F. A., & Sperneac, A. M. (2006). Sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment rating scales: A validation study on the Romanian population. Personality and Individual differences, 41(8), 1445-1456. | immediately after the intervention | 
| Changes in Attitudes toward self | Carver, C. S., & Ganellen, R. J. (1983). Depression and components of self-punitiveness: high standards, self-criticism, and overgeneralization. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 92(3), 330. | immediately after the intervention | 
| attitudes toward self | Carver, C. S., & Ganellen, R. J. (1983). Depression and components of self-punitiveness: high standards, self-criticism, and overgeneralization. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 92(3), 330. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Positive overgeneralization | Eisner, L. R., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (2008). Cognitive responses to failure and success relate uniquely to bipolar depression versus mania. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(1), 154. | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in positive overgeneralization | Eisner, L. R., Johnson, S. L., & Carver, C. S. (2008). Cognitive responses to failure and success relate uniquely to bipolar depression versus mania. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(1), 154. | immediately after the intervention | 
| PERMA | Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3). | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Changes in PERMA | Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3). | baseline, pre-intervention | 
| Fluctuations in PERMA | Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3). | during the intervention |