Vitamin D Status Among Competitive Female Gymnast and Swimmers After Winter Time

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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As indoor athletes, competitive gymnasts and swimmers can face the problem of a potential vitamin D deficiency. In the last decades, indoor sports participants have been faced with the problem of an institutionalized lifestyle and, in some places, a lower exposure to sun, which is also associated with the geographical area with a lower or higher UV index, especially in autumn, winter, and early spring (from October to April), when the day is shorter and the clock shifts to winter time. The problem with gymnasts and swimmers lies in daily trainings in the gym and pool and in the daily rest between two trainings, which can be spend more or less institutionally. The investigators wanted to examine the vitamin D status related to bone mineral density, body composition and various cardiovascular markers among young competitive gymnasts and swimmers after winter time. The investigators want to potentially give more solid but sensible recommendations for trainers, athletes, parents and sports doctors when it comes to vitamin D supplementations for indoor female athletes.

Detailed Description
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In this cross-sectional survey, the investigators will document vitamin D and the status of other micronutrients related to bone mineral density, body composition and a variety of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. The investigators hypothesize that there exists a serious problem of vitamin D deficiency among indoor athletes related to bone health, injuries and general health - especially when they are not using supplements. It is well known that vitamin D may improve athletic performance in vitamin D-deficient athletes. International and national-level female gymnasts and swimmers that will be enrolled will sign an informed consent statement for the inclusion in this survey and the choice to participate in the study will be made by coaches and participants themselves and, in the event of females under 18 years of age, also by their parents, in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. The investigators plan to enroll at least 30 female participants (15 gymnasts and 15 swimmers) who compete on an international and national level and are older than 12 years of age. The investigators will measure the athletes' biochemistry in overnight fasted state (micronutrients, including vitamin D (25(OH)D), B12, Ca, Fe, Mg, K and P, lipids, liver enzymes, glucose, creatinine, etc.), their seated blood pressure status, bone mineral density (also segmental) and body composition, using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), their dietary choice and nutrition intake status, using standardized Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), their training characteristics, injury status and menstrual status. Athletes who are using vitamin D supplements or who have attended a one-month training camp in the southern geographical zone (Africa) will serve us as control group.

Official Title
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Vitamin D Status Relate to Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition and Variey Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Competitive Female Gymnasts and Swimmers After Winter Time

Conditions
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Vitamin D Deficiency, Injuries, Cardiovascular Risk Factor, Nutritional Deficiency

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: international and national level Signed informed consent for participation in the study Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| gymnasts<br>Female gymnasts, older than 13 years, with status of ineternational or national level, | |
| swimmers<br>Female swimmers, older than 12 years, with status of ineternational or national level, | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Differences between female gymnasts and swimmers of vitamin D status | Serum 25(OH)D (ng/ml) status after winter time | April 2018 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Differences between female gymnasts and swimmers of bone mineral density status | Bone mineral density status (g/cm3) using DEXA | April 2018 |