The Impact of Adequate Water Intake on Exercise Performance and Mood in Women and Men

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Dehydration is defined as the state of water deficit due to excessive water losses and/or small water intake. Underhydration is the result of inadequate water intake leading to activation of water hormonal homeostasis, characterized by elevated vasopressin, lower urinary output, and concentrated urine without any measurable changes in total body water. It is well established that dehydration (water deficit) decreases exercise performance and worsens mood, mainly in women. However, the impact of increased water intake in underhydrated individuals on their exercise capacity and mood is not known. The aim of the proposed study is to investigate the impact of increased water intake in underhydrated individuals on aerobic exercise performance and mood in both women and men.

Official Title
-----------------
The Impact of Adequate Water Intake on Exercise Performance and Mood in Women and Men

Conditions
-----------------
Dehydration, Mood

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Increase water consumption
* Behavioral: Maintain adequate water consumption


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Healthy adults Residence in Arizona Exclusion Criteria: Use of diuretics Use of anti-depressive medication Current pregnancy or lactation Current use of injectable insulin Diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome Do not pass the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q) screening

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Euhydrated<br>Afternoon urine osmolality < 800 mmol/kg or urine specific gravity < 1.020. | Behavioral: Maintain adequate water consumption<br>* The subjects that are classified as euhydrated will be asked to maintain high water intake for one week to ensure proper hydration. A 2-mile run will be completed before and after the 7-day intervention.<br>|
| Experimental: Underhydrated<br>Afternoon urine osmolality ≥ 800 mmol/kg or urine specific gravity ≥ 1.020. | Behavioral: Increase water consumption<br>* The underhydrated individuals will be instructed to increase their water intake for one week in order to meet the following two criteria: a) urinate at least 7 times per day and b) have straw-like color urine. A 2-mile run will be completed before and after the 7-day intervention.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2-mile run-time (min) |  | Day 1 | 
| 2-mile run-time (min) |  | Day 8 | 
| Mood | Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS 2®-Adult Short, Multi-Health Systems Inc.) | Pre-trial on day 1 | 
| Mood | Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS 2®-Adult Short, Multi-Health Systems Inc.) | Post-trial on day 1 | 
| Mood | Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS 2®-Adult Short, Multi-Health Systems Inc.) | Pre-trial on day 8 | 
| Mood | Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS 2®-Adult Short, Multi-Health Systems Inc.) | Post-trial on day 8 | 
| Urine osmolality (mmol/kg) |  | 4 - 8 PM on day 0 | 
| Urine osmolality (mmol/kg) |  | 4 - 8 PM on day 7 | 
| Urine osmolality (mmol/kg) |  | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 1 | 
| Urine osmolality (mmol/kg) |  | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 8 | 
| Urine specific gravity |  | 4 - 8 PM on day 0 | 
| Urine specific gravity |  | 4 - 8 PM on day 7 | 
| Urine specific gravity |  | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 1 | 
| Urine specific gravity |  | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 8 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Urine color | Armstrong validated 8-color scale. Minimum score: 1. Maximum score: 8. A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., dehydrated). | 4 - 8 PM on day 0 | 
| Urine color | Armstrong validated 8-color scale. Minimum score: 1. Maximum score: 8. A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., dehydrated). | 4 - 8 PM on day 7 | 
| Urine color | Armstrong validated 8-color scale. Minimum score: 1. Maximum score: 8. A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., dehydrated). | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 1 | 
| Urine color | Armstrong validated 8-color scale. Minimum score: 1. Maximum score: 8. A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., dehydrated). | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 8 | 
| Thirst perception | 175 mm visual analog scale. Minimum score: 0 (not thirsty at all). Maximum score: 175 (extremely thirsty). A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., more thirsty). | 4 - 8 PM on day 0 | 
| Thirst perception | 175 mm visual analog scale. Minimum score: 0 (not thirsty at all). Maximum score: 175 (extremely thirsty). A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., more thirsty). | 4 - 8 PM on day 7 | 
| Thirst perception | 175 mm visual analog scale. Minimum score: 0 (not thirsty at all). Maximum score: 175 (extremely thirsty). A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., more thirsty). | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 1 | 
| Thirst perception | 175 mm visual analog scale. Minimum score: 0 (not thirsty at all). Maximum score: 175 (extremely thirsty). A higher score indicates a worse outcome (e.g., more thirsty). | Upon waking (first morning sample) on day 8 |