Ryan Companion Robot for Assisting Elderly People With Alzheimer's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this project is to conduct research and a pilot study to demonstrate the potential clinical impact and technical feasibility of a socially-assistive robot, called Ryan Companionbot (hereafter Ryan), for life improvement and intervention of persons with early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD related dementia (ADRD). Earlier phases of this project demonstrated the feasibility and scalability of using emotion recognition technology based on cutting-edge natural language processing and artificial intelligence technologies to improve mood and lessen depression symptoms of persons with early stage AD/ADRD. In this phase, the investigators will utilize an aesthetically pleasing updated Ryan (V2.0) with emotion recognition and natural language processing for enhanced conversations to address the needs of the individuals with AD/ADRD and their healthcare providers as well as to test the effectiveness of Ryan by comparing participants pre- and post-treatment by analyzing several blood biomarkers related to AD/ADRD and depression. The investigators will recruit thirty participants from local senior living facilities based on their cognitive performance as assessed by the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) score. SLUMS is commonly used as a simple screening/assessment test in senior living facilities. As part of the recruitment, the investigators will show prospective participants a video recording of a previous senior volunteer interacting with Ryan to give new recruits an idea of the socially assistive robot technology.

Official Title
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Development of Ryan Companion Robot for Assisting Elderly People With Alzheimer's Disease

Conditions
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Alzheimer Disease, Early Onset

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Social Robot


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: HAVING EARLY STAGE AD/ADRD AS ASSESSED BY THE SLUMS SCORE (BETWEEN 15-26), VERBAL SKILL TO INTERACT, BEING AVAILABLE FOR A PERIOD OF 8-10 WEEKS TO INTERACT WITH RYAN, HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WEIGHING AT LEAST 110 POUNDS (FOR SAFE COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES). Exclusion Criteria: AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR DIAGNOSTICS OF SEVERE DEMENTIA OR MEMORY LOSS ACUTE PHYSICAL ILLNESS THAT IMPAIRS ABILITY TO PARTICIPATE DURING THE STUDY IF A PARTICIPANT'S MID-STUDY SLUMS SCORE IS LESS THAN 15 (INDICATING MORE SEVERE DEMENTIA) AND/OR THE PHQ-9 IS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 20, THE CUTOFF FOR SEVERE DEPRESSION, THE RESEARCHERS WILL REMOVE THE PARTICIPANT FROM THE STUDY IF A PERSON IS UNCOMFORTABLE WITH BLOOD DRAW, HE/SHE IS EXCLUDED FROM THE STUDY.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Robot Intervetnion<br>Participants in this Arm will interact with Ryan Companionbot. | Behavioral: Social Robot<br>* Participants will interact with a social robot companionbot for a period of 8-10 weeks. The robot will stay in participants' apartments.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Robot Usage Time | How much time the user spends with the robot | 8-10 weeks | 
| Conversation Time | How much time the user spends in conversation with the robot | 8-10 weeks | 
| Facial Expression | Facial expressions throughout conversation with robot | 8-10 weeks | 
| Sentiment Analysis | Speech is analyzed and is either classified as positive, neutral, or negative. | 8-10 weeks | 
| Amyloid-Beta - Alzheimer's disease | Levels of Amyloid-beta will be analyzed from blood collected at time of study. Amyloid-beta peptide is believed to drive Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and is the main component of amyloid plaques. | 8-10 weeks Blood will be collected once before the robot is dropped off, once during the midpoint of the study, and once at the end of the study. | 
| Phospho-Tau - Alzheimer's disease | Levels of Phospho-tau will be analyzed from blood collected at time of study. In Alzheimer's disease, tau instead of stabilizing microtubules detach from them and form tangles in the neurons. | 8-10 weeks Blood will be collected once before the robot is dropped off, once during the midpoint of the study, and once at the end of the study. | 
| brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) - depression | Levels of BDNF will be analyzed from blood collected at time of study. BDNF is believed to be decreased in patients experiencing depression. | 8-10 weeks Blood will be collected once before the robot is dropped off, once during the midpoint of the study, and once at the end of the study. | 
| serotonin (5-HT) - this is for depression | Levels of Serotonin will be analyzed from blood collected at time of study. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has been linked to depression when depleted. | 8-10 weeks Blood will be collected once before the robot is dropped off, once during the midpoint of the study, and once at the end of the study. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| SLUMS score | The SLUMS test is a screening tool for dementia and mild cognitive impairment. | The Saint Louis University Mental Status exam will be administered three times during the 8-10 week period. It is a 11 set questionnaire that is scored between 1 and 30 points. A higher score is a better outcome. | 
| PHQ-9 | The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is a major depressive disorder screening module. | The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 will be administered three times during the 8-10 week period. The score is between 0 and 27. Each questions is scored between 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). A higher score is a worse outcome. |