Energy Expenditure During Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercises in Healthy Population

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The present study aims to predict energy expenditure models for some resistance training exercises like: dumbbell bent row over, dumbbell deadlift, dumbbell lunge, dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell squat using oxygen consumption or Metabolic Equivalents (METs) as a dependent variable while blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate, rate of perceived exertion, body mass index, body weight, body height, body fat composition, muscle strength, and surface electromyography of selected muscles as independent variables. The previous literature measures energy expenditure for various lower and upper body resistance training exercises but it devoid for dumbbell bent row over, dumbbell deadlift, dumbbell lunge, dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell squat energy expenditure models between untrained and trained participants. The subject will come for 5-8 times clinical trial for total 10-20 days. After the completion of this study, the participant will know about their energy expenditure during included strength training exercises.

Detailed Description
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The present study aims to predict energy expenditure models for some resistance training exercises like: dumbbell bent row over, dumbbell deadlift, dumbbell lunge, dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell squat using oxygen consumption or Metabolic Equivalents (METs) as a dependent variable while blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate, rate of perceived exertion, body mass index, body weight, body height, body fat composition, muscle strength, and surface electromyography of selected muscles as independent variables. The previous literature measures energy expenditure for various lower and upper body resistance training exercises but it devoid for dumbbell bent row over, dumbbell deadlift, dumbbell lunge, dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell squat energy expenditure models between untrained and trained participants. The subject will come for 5-8 times clinical trial for total 10-20 days. After the completion of this study, the participant will know about their energy expenditure during included strength training exercises. The study will include total 30 participants; 15 normal healthy young individuals and 15 athletes with regular resistance exercise training experience. The experiments will be divided into 2 stages. The first stage experiment will be conducted in 10 young individuals into two groups. The group one (untrained) will include 5 normal healthy individuals without resistance exercise training experience and group two (trained) will include 5 individuals with regular resistance training experience of two months. The second stage will proceed more 20 young participants (10 participants in each group) to determine the resistance exercise energy expenditure.

Official Title
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Energy Expenditure During Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercises in Healthy Population

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Strength Training Exercises Therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male and female young healthy participants and athletes having strength training experience minimum of 2 months Skeletally mature, between 20-40 years of age. Able to understand and comply with study requirements Able to understand and give informed consent. Not having any metabolic, systematic, musculoskeletal disease or injury No recent surgical procedure which can hinder exercise training Not taking medication especially sedatives, anti-depressant, or anti-hypertensive etc Physically fit according to Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (Par-Q) Exclusion Criteria: Age below 20 or above 40 Having any metabolic, systematic, musculoskeletal disease or injury Recent surgical procedure

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The study will include two groups: 1) control (untrained) and 2) strength training (trained)
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Sham Comparator: without previous strength training experience<br>control (untrained) group will receive intervention as five exercises: dumbbell bent row over, dumbbell deadlift, dumbbell lunge. dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell squat | Other: Strength Training Exercises Therapy<br>* Five type of exercises: dumbbell bent row over, deadlift, lunge, shoulder press, and squat with each three sets and 10 repetitions. Between each set there will be 2-3 minute rest period and 8-10 minute rest period among each exercise type.<br>|
| Experimental: with previous strength training experience<br>experimental (trained) group will receive intervention as five exercises: dumbbell bent row over, dumbbell deadlift, dumbbell lunge. dumbbell shoulder press, and dumbbell squat | Other: Strength Training Exercises Therapy<br>* Five type of exercises: dumbbell bent row over, deadlift, lunge, shoulder press, and squat with each three sets and 10 repetitions. Between each set there will be 2-3 minute rest period and 8-10 minute rest period among each exercise type.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| oxygen consumption (VO2) | VO2 will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. There will be data recording for rest period of 2-10 minutes before the start of exercise. | VO2 data will be processed for resting stage of 2-10 minutes before the start of exercise. | 
| oxygen consumption (VO2) | VO2 will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | VO2 data will be processed for each set of exercise 1. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| oxygen consumption (VO2) | VO2 will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | VO2 data will be processed for each set of exercise 2. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| oxygen consumption (VO2) | VO2 will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | VO2 data will be processed for each set of exercise 3. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| oxygen consumption (VO2) | VO2 will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | VO2 data will be processed for each set of exercise 4. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| oxygen consumption (VO2) | VO2 will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | VO2 data will be processed for each set of exercise 5. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded through ECG electrodes during exercises. There will be data recording for rest period of 2-10 minutes before the start of exercise. | Heart rate data will be processed for resting stage of 2-10 minutes before the start of exercise. | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded through ECG electrodes during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Heart rate data will be processed for each set of exercise 1. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded through ECG electrodes during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Heart rate data will be processed for each set of exercise 2. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded through ECG electrodes during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Heart rate data will be processed for each set of exercise 3. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded through ECG electrodes during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Heart rate data will be processed for each set of exercise 4. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded through ECG electrodes during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Heart rate data will be processed for each set of exercise 5. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | RER will be recorded through cortex metalyzer. There will be data recording for rest period of 2-10 minutes before the start of exercise. | RER data will be processed for resting stage of 2-10 minutes before the start of exercise. | 
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | RER will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks | RER data will be processed for each set of exercise 1. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | RER will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks | RER data will be processed for each set of exercise 2. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | RER will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks | RER data will be processed for each set of exercise 3. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | RER will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks | RER data will be processed for each set of exercise 4. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | RER will be recorded through cortex metalyzer breath by breath during exercises. The data will be recorded during each exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks | RER data will be processed for each set of exercise 5. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 
| surface electromyography | It will be measured by Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors over pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, quadriceps, erector spinae, or deltoid of both sides. The data will be recorded during each exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Surface electromyography data will be processed for each set of exercise 1. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| surface electromyography | It will be measured by Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors over pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, quadriceps, erector spinae, or deltoid of both sides. The data will be recorded during each exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Surface electromyography data will be processed for each set of exercise 2. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| surface electromyography | It will be measured by Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors over pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, quadriceps, erector spinae, or deltoid of both sides. The data will be recorded during each exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Surface electromyography data will be processed for each set of exercise 3. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| surface electromyography | It will be measured by Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors over pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, quadriceps, erector spinae, or deltoid of both sides. The data will be recorded during each exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Surface electromyography data will be processed for each set of exercise 4. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| surface electromyography | It will be measured by Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors over pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, quadriceps, erector spinae, or deltoid of both sides. The data will be recorded during each exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Surface electromyography data will be processed for each set of exercise 5. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 
| Blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer will be used (systolic and diastolic) to record blood pressure. There will be data recording during rest before the start of exercise. | Blood pressure data during resting stage of exercise will be used before the start of exercise. | 
| Blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer will be used (systolic and diastolic) to record blood pressure. The data will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood pressure data value for exercise 1 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| Blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer will be used (systolic and diastolic) to record blood pressure. The data will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood pressure data value for exercise 2 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| Blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer will be used (systolic and diastolic) to record blood pressure. The data will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood pressure data value for exercise 3 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| Blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer will be used (systolic and diastolic) to record blood pressure. The data will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood pressure data value for exercise 4 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| Blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer will be used (systolic and diastolic) to record blood pressure. The data will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood pressure data value for exercise 5 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 
| Blood lactate level | Blood lactate will be recorded through lactate meter. There will be data recording during rest before the start of exercise. | Blood lactate data during resting stage of exercise will be used before the start of exercise. | 
| Blood lactate level | Blood lactate will be recorded through lactate meter. The data will be recorded after 5 minutes of exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood lactate data value for exercise 1 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| Blood lactate level | Blood lactate will be recorded through lactate meter. The data will be recorded after 5 minutes of exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood lactate data value for exercise 2 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| Blood lactate level | Blood lactate will be recorded through lactate meter. The data will be recorded after 5 minutes of exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood lactate data value for exercise 3 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| Blood lactate level | Blood lactate will be recorded through lactate meter. The data will be recorded after 5 minutes of exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood lactate data value for exercise 4 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| Blood lactate level | Blood lactate will be recorded through lactate meter. The data will be recorded after 5 minutes of exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | Blood lactate data value for exercise 5 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 
| Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) | The RPE score will be recorded before the start of training session. | RPE score during resting stage of exercise will be used before the start of exercise. | 
| Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) | The RPE will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 1 (Dumbbell Bent Row Over). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | RPE score for exercise 1 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 1) | 
| Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) | The RPE will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 2 (Dumbbell Deadlift). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | RPE score for exercise 2 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 2) | 
| Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) | The RPE will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 3 (Dumbbell Lunge). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | RPE score for exercise 3 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 3) | 
| Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) | The RPE will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 4 (Dumbbell Shoulder Press). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | RPE score for exercise 4 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 4) | 
| Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) | The RPE will be recorded within 5 minutes of exercise 5 (Dumbbell Squat). Each exercise will consist of three sets of 30-40 seconds. And each set will be of 10 repetition (3-4 second per repetition). Each subject will receive 3-6 training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | RPE score for exercise 5 will be used. Day 1 to up to 3-4 weeks (for exercise 5) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Physical fitness status | Physical activity readiness questionnaire will be used. This questionnaire assesses baseline fitness level of participants. It has two options either ''yes'' or ''no'' in explaining the basic seven fitness related questions. The more the questions have ''yes'' answers meaning participant health status is not good and they are not eligible for this study. The other category of questions evaluate existence of any medical condition with ''yes'' or ''no'' options which can exclude participant from this study. | baseline before start of exercise | 
| Body mass index (BMI) | body composition measuring scale will be used. The body composition will be measured two times during the study before the start of training and after three or six training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. The weight will be measured in kilogram (kg) and height in meters (m) to report BMI in kg/m^2. The change in body composition will be compared before and after all training sessions. | baseline before start of exercise and after all three or six training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | 
| Body fat percentage | Body fat will be measured with measuring scale. The body fat will be measured two times during the study before the start of training and after three or six training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. The change in body fat percentage will be compared before and after all training sessions. | baseline before start of exercise and after all three or six training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | 
| Muscle Strength | Hand held dynamometer will be used for the same muscles pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, quadriceps, erector spinae, or deltoid of both sides. The strength will be measured two times during the study before the start of training and after three or six training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. The change in muscle strength will be compared before and after all training sessions. | baseline before start of exercise and after all three or six training sessions for up to 3-4 weeks. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Strength training, Normal population, energy expenditure