Effect of Frequent Interruptions of Prolonged Sitting on Self-perceived Levels of Energy, Mood, Food Cravings and Cognitive Function

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is designed to test the effects of six 5 minute microbursts of physical activity spread across the day as compared to either a sedentary control condition or a single 30 minute bout of moderate intensity physical activity on cognitive function, self-reported energy levels, aspects of eating behavior and measures of metabolic health. The primary hypotheses are: Hourly 5 minute bouts of moderate intensity exercise during the day will increase afternoon cognitive function as compared to a no exercise condition. Hourly 5 minute bouts of moderate intensity exercise during the day will increase afternoon cognitive function more than a single 30 minute AM bout. Secondary exploratory hypotheses include Hourly 5 minute bouts of moderate intensity exercise during the day will increase self-reported energy levels, reduce orexigenic appetitive measures and improve measures of metabolic health as compared to a no exercise condition. Hourly 5 minute bouts of moderate intensity exercise during the day will increase self-reported energy levels, reduce orexigenic appetitive measures and improve measures of metabolic health more than a single 30 minute AM bout.

Conditions
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Mood, Energy, Food Cravings, Cognitive Function

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: physical activity


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All ethnic groups and both genders Age: Lower age limit: 19 years; Upper age limit: 45 years Body-mass Index: Lower BMI limit: 18.5 kg/m2; Upper BMI limit: 29.9 kg/m2 Willing to adhere to caffeine restrictions of no more than two 16 ounce beverages in the morning of each study day with no caffeine intake after 12:00pm on any of the three study days Exclusion Criteria: History of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, & unstable angina, or uncontrolled hypertension (>140/90 mm Hg) Currently smoking or stopped smoking in the last 6 months Medications affecting weight, energy intake, or energy expenditure in the last 6 months Use of oral steroids History of stroke or seizures, thyroid disease, type 1 or 2 diabetes, Cushing's syndrome, cerebrovascular, renal disease, hepatic disease, arrhythmias Cancer requiring treatment in the past 5 years, with the exception of skin cancers other than melanoma Infectious diseases: Self-reported HIV positivity or active tuberculosis Inability to exercise for more than 30 minutes on a treadmill at moderate intensity Currently pregnant, lactating or less than 6 months post-partum History of a major psychiatric disorder including schizophrenia, bipolar illness or psychotic depression Score of >25 on Beck Depression Inventory No recreational drug use including marijuana in the past 1 year

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Uninterrupted sitting<br>Subjects remained seated all day except to rise from the chair to void. | |
| Active Comparator: Sitting + one bout of activity<br>Subjects remained seated all day, except to rise from the chair to void, and to perform one bout of 30-minutes moderate-intensity walking. Physical activity was performed at 0800, after measures of vitals and basal questionnaire assessments, but before breakfast. | Behavioral: physical activity<br> <br> |
| Experimental: Sitting + microbursts of activity<br>Subjects rose from the seated position every hour for 6-hours from 0910 to 1430 to complete 5-minute bouts of moderate-intensity walking, yielding a total activity time of 30-minutes. | Behavioral: physical activity<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Energy and Mood level | Self-perceived energy and mood were measured by using visual analogue scales (VAS) as described below at baseline. | During each of the three separate study days energy and mood levels are assessed at (in minutes): T0, T40, T70, T80, T90, T120, T140, T230, T350, T390, T400, T405, T410, and T435 | 
| Change in Cognitive function | The flanker task is used to measure cognitive function | During each of the three separate study days cognitive function is measured at (in minutes): T410 | 
| Change in Cognitive Function | After the Flanker task, the Comprehensive Trail Making Test is used to measure cognitive function during each study day. | During each of the three separate study days cognitive function is measured at (in minutes): T425 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Micro bouts, Physical Activity