Neuroendocrine Modulation of Metabolic Effects in Overweight Adolescents

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study will examine hormonal differences in ghrelin and growth hormone in obese and normal weight adolescents and their relationship to body composition and insulin resistance. The study will also investigate the effect of the macronutrient composition of a meal on postprandial ghrelin levels and whether ghrelin responses will predict the degree of hunger and caloric intake at a subsequent meal.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Obesity is an epidemic that is striking people at younger ages than ever before. Obesity is associated with changes in the secretory patterns of several hormones including ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), and insulin, which have not been examined in the adolescent age group. Ghrelin, a primarily gastric hormone, increases appetite and is a GH secretagogue. This study will compare the alteration in secretion of ghrelin and GH in overweight and normal weight adolescent girls through frequent blood sampling and GH stimulation testing with growth hormone releasing hormone and arginine. The relationship between these hormones and insulin resistance, measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and body composition, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, will be investigated. This study will also determine the postprandial ghrelin response to test meals that vary by the type of predominant macronutrient, which may predict the degree of hunger and amount of intake at a subsequent meal. Understanding obesity-related changes in ghrelin and GH and their relationship to body composition, insulin resistance, and appetite will help in the development of strategies to reduce complications of obesity.

Official Title
-----------------
Neuroendocrine Modulation of Metabolic Effects in Overweight Adolescents

Conditions
-----------------
Obesity

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Girls 12-18 years of age Obese subjects: BMI higher than the 95th percentile for age and sex Normal-weight controls: BMI from the 15th to the 85th percentiles for age and sex Exclusion Criteria: History of disorders other than obesity that may affect growth hormone, ghrelin, cortisol, or insulin secretion such as eating disorder, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disease, Cushing's syndrome, liver disease, renal failure, or an excess or deficiency of GH or cortisol Medications that could affect glucose and lipid levels or the secretion of growth hormone, ghrelin, insulin, or cortisol such as rhGH, glucocorticoids, and birth control pills Pregnancy Smoking or substance abuse Active dieting Surgical procedures for obesity Dietary restrictions such as bread, dairy, peanut, aspartame, or meat products used in the study Metal implants, including intracranial surgical clips or pacemakers

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Obese girls<br>The inclusion criteria will be girls 12-18 years of age. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the definition of obesity is a BMI higher than the 95th percentile for age and sex, and that of overweight is a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles. Cases will be defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile for age according to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. | |
| Normal-weight girls<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peak Growth Hormone (GH) on the GH Stimulation Test | Peak growth hormone (GH) on the GH stimulation test is a measure of the adequacy of GH secretion. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visceral Adipose Tissue | Visceral adipose tissue was measured using magnetic resonance imaging at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Obesity, adolescent, ghrelin, growth hormone, cortisol