Preventing Health Damaging Behaviors in Male and Female Army Recruits

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Health damaging (risk) behaviors of young military personnel are reflections of health problems facing all young people in the U.S. Military life presents opportunities and challenges that may both protect against and place young troops at risk for health damaging behaviors. Challenges for maintaining a healthy armed force include high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies (UIPs), misuse of alcohol and other substances. The common thread through these negative health outcomes is volitional behavior. Such behaviors do not only result in illness or injury, but also negatively impact performance of military duties and threaten military readiness. Despite military leadership in setting standards and policies regarding professional behavior and universal health care for preventing and eliminating such negative health outcomes, many health problems remain. Building on our previous military research, we will evaluate the effectiveness a cognitive-behavioral, skills-building intervention to prevent and reduce young troops' risk for and acquisition of STIs and UIPs and will seek to reduce a number of their associated risk factors including, alcohol misuse, other substance use, and victimization due to IPV in male and female U.S. Army soldiers who are receiving Advance Individual Training (AIT) in Fort Jackson, SC.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The primary hypotheses to be tested in this research are as follows. AIT soldiers participating in the experimental STI/UIP prevention intervention will: (a) have increased knowledge about the risk factors for and prevention of STIs, UIPs, alcohol and other substances, and intimate partner violence (IPV); (b) be more highly motivated to change risk behaviors associated with STIs and UIPs; (c) have higher levels of skills to prevent risk behaviors associated with STIs and UIPs and skills; (d) engage in more health promoting behaviors and fewer risk behaviors associated with STIs and UIPs, and (e) have fewer STIs and UIPs post-intervention compared with AIT solders who participate in a comparable control intervention focused on increasing healthy eating, maintaining physical fitness, and preventing fitness-related injuries. The overall goal of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness a cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention to prevent risk for and acquisition of STIs and UIPs and will seek to reduce a number of their associated risk factors including, alcohol misuse, other substance use, IPV in AIT soldiers. Specifically, we will evaluate whether AIT soldiers who participate in the experimental intervention entitled, Staying Safe and in Control: Increasing Knowledge and Building Skills to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections and Unintended Pregnancies will reduce their risk for and acquisition of STIs, UIPs and their associated sexual and substance use behaviors compared with AIT soldiers who undergo the control intervention entitled, Fit You: Practical Tools for Healthy Eating, Physical Fitness, and Injury Prevention. This intervention will focus primarily on promoting healthy eating, maintaining physical fitness, and preventing work-related and exercise injury.

Official Title
-----------------
Preventing Health Damaging Behaviors in Male and Female Army Recruits

Conditions
-----------------
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Prevention, Unintended Pregnancy Prevention, Sexual Risk Reduction, Alcohol and Other Substance Use Prevention, Intimate Partner Violence Prevention

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Preventing Helath Damaging Health Behaviors in Male and Female Army Recruits


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All participants will be 18 years of age or older, will be fluent in English, and able to provide written, informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: AIT soldiers under the age of 18 will be excluded since it will be difficult to obtain parental consent. We anticipate that this exclusion will be rare.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Preventing sexual health risks<br>The over goal is to prevent STIs, unintended pregnancies, and related behaviors including sexual risk, alcohol and other substance misuse | Behavioral: Preventing Helath Damaging Health Behaviors in Male and Female Army Recruits<br>* Groups will be randomly assigned to the sexual/substance use prevention intervention or the comparative/control intervention focused on impro risk Involves 10 hours of didactic presentations, interactive group discussions, skills-building exercises, and topic specific videos to reduce participants' risk for and acquisition of STIs, unintended pregnancies and their associated sexual and substance use behaviors.<br>|
| Other: Improving nutrition, fitness and injury prevention<br>The goals are: (1) maintain and improve nutrition and physical fitness through healthier lifestyle and food choices; (2) reduce the risk of sports or physical training injuries and learning how to treat injuries; and (3) Learn to recognize stress and the steps you can take to reduce stress | Behavioral: Preventing Helath Damaging Health Behaviors in Male and Female Army Recruits<br>* Groups will be randomly assigned to the sexual/substance use prevention intervention or the comparative/control intervention focused on impro risk Involves 10 hours of didactic presentations, interactive group discussions, skills-building exercises, and topic specific videos to reduce participants' risk for and acquisition of STIs, unintended pregnancies and their associated sexual and substance use behaviors.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and the Self-reported Numbers of Unintended Pregnancies |  | 6 to 9 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-reported Behavioral Measures Related to STI/HIV Prevention |  | 6 to 9 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
sexually transmitted infection, sexual risk, HIV, young adults, cognitive-behavioral intervention