A Clinical Observation on Electrophysiology in Headache Patients With Myofascial Trigger Points

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Through an observational, cross-sectional study, muscle activity was compared among 21 subjects with episodic headache, 17 subjects with chronic headache and 17 age-matched healthy controls. Muscle activity was bilaterally tested with needle electromyography at rest status, targeting at myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the frontal, temporal, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, splenius cervicis and trapezius of each subject. Headache characteristics (intensity, frequency and duration), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Digital Span (DS) scales were secondary outcomes. The correlation between muscle activity and headache characteristics was also analyzed. This study provides preliminary evidence of the relationship between muscle and the chronicity of headache.

Official Title
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Muscle Activity of Pericranial Muscles in Patients With Episodic or Chronic Headache vs Asymptomatic Controls: a Cross-sectional Study

Conditions
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Myofascial Trigger Points

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Electromyography


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Have at least one onset of headache in the last week, Aged between 18-65 years, No special treatment or invasive test on pericranial muscles in the last month, and no painkillers or muscle relaxants in the last week. Exclusion Criteria: History of surgery, trauma, tumor and spinal disease affecting the head and neck, Being unable to cooperate with inspection and questionnaires for any reason (severe systemic disease, bleeder, communication barriers and so on), People with definite mental disorders such as anxiety and depression.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| patients with episodic headache<br> | Device: Electromyography<br>* Muscle activity was bilaterally tested with needle electromyography at rest status, targeting at myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the frontal, temporal, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, splenius cervicis and trapezius of each subject.<br>|
| patients with chronic headache<br> | Device: Electromyography<br>* Muscle activity was bilaterally tested with needle electromyography at rest status, targeting at myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the frontal, temporal, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, splenius cervicis and trapezius of each subject.<br>|
| healthy controls<br> | Device: Electromyography<br>* Muscle activity was bilaterally tested with needle electromyography at rest status, targeting at myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the frontal, temporal, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, splenius cervicis and trapezius of each subject.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pericranial muscle activity | It was evaluated with EMG/EP equipment(9031A070 KEYPOINT Dantec) and the matching disposable needle electrode(Specification: 25mm*0.3mm, 30G) with a sampling frequency of 125 Hz and a measuring range of 0.2mv.The spontaneous electric activity of each pericranial muscle was recorded as 0 to 4 scores: 0 score= no repeatable spontaneous electric activity, 1 score=a single, repeatable string of spontaneous electric activity, 2 scores= obvious spontaneous electric activity in two or more areas of the muscle, 3 scores= obvious spontaneous electric activity in any area of the muscle, 4 scores= a lot of spontaneous electric activity over the whole record screen. The maximum scores of a participant was 48(6*2*4［insertion(frontal, temporal, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, splenius cervicis and trapezius) *right or left* maximum scores of a muscle]). | On the day the participant was enrolled | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Short Form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ) | This scale included three parts:Pain Rating Index (PRI), a 10cm-visual analogue scale(VAS) and Present Pain Intensity (PPI).PRI included 15 items to describe the characteristics of the pain(like nature and emotional problems) and each item was assessed with 0-3 scores.The higher scores respresented more serious condition.Total points of PRI was 0-15*3.VAS relefected their average intensity of the headache during the last month and was recorded as 0-10 scores according to the length.The higher scores respresented more serious average pain;PPI was recorded as 0-5 scores and the higher scores respresented more serious present pain(0 point=no pain;1 point=a little uncomfortable;2 points=uncomfortable;3 points=obvious headache;4 points=serious headache;5 points=unbearable headache).Total scores of SF-MPQ= PRI +VAS +PPI. | Immediately after the enrollment | 
| Digital Span Test | Participants were requested to recite along and against two independent digits,seperately having 2-13 and 2-10 numbers.The highest number of the digits they recited was the score((2+2)-(13+10)) and the more scores they got, the wider memory they had. | Immediately after the enrollment |