Differences in the Presentation Outcome and Response to Treatment Between Never- Smokers and Smokers With NSCLC

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
We wish to discover if there is a difference in the presentation, response to treatment and survival of never- smokers with lung cancer as compared to ever- smokers. We also plan to obtain tumor specimens to compare the genetic and proteomic expression between smokers and never smokers

Detailed Description
-----------------
Lung cancer is the most lethal of all malignant tumors affecting humans. In the United States alone an estimated 160,440 patients died of lung cancer 2004[1]. It is well known that tobacco smoking is a major risk factor and accounts for the majority of all lung cancer cases. But there is a sub group of patients with lung cancer who have never actively smoked tobacco. This group exhibits certain unique characteristics which separates them from lung cancer in smokers. It has been shown that never- smokers with adenocarcinoma have better outcomes in terms of overall survival as well as lung cancer specific survival when compared to current smokers with adenocarcinoma of the lung[2]. Also patients who are current smokers at diagnosis have decreased survival when compared to people who quit smoking[3]. The improved survival in never smokers could be due to several reasons. Such as increased incidence of co-morbid factors in smokers as result of exposure to tobacco smoke, differences in metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents or a reflection of differences in the underlying molecular biology of the tumor. It has been demonstrated that chromosomal abnormalities are common in lung cancer patients with a smoking history when compared to never- smokers[4]. Gene mutations such as p53 mutations are more frequent in never- smokers than in previous smokers[5]. In addition mutations that are specific only to lung cancer in never smokers have been discovered, demonstrating the possibility of a separate or overlapping carcinogenesis pathway for lung cancer in never smokers vs. smokers [6].

Official Title
-----------------
Differences in the Presentation, Outcome and Response to Treatment Between Never- Smokers and Smokers With Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Conditions
-----------------
Smokers

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: smoking


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age Range 18-88, diagnosed with non- small cell lung cancer between Jan 1 1996 and Dec 31 2002. Exclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed prior to Dec 31, 1995 and after Jan 1, 2003

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 88 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: smoking|nan|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
presentation, outcome, response, never- smokers