Deep Tissue Massage on Pain and Comfort After Cesarean

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study to determine the effect of deep tissue massage applied to the back on pain and comfort after cesarean section. Personal information form was used as data collection form, Visual Analog Scala was used to assess pain, and Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire was used to assess comfort.

Detailed Description
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Material and Method This research was conducted between May 2019 and November 2019 in Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center Training and Research Hospital. When power analysis was performed, the sample size was calculated to be at least 81 women for each group (81 experiments, 81 controls). Experimental group received deep tissue massage twice at 11st and 23rd hours after cesarean section. Data collection form for experimental and control groups before the first massage; Visual Analog Scala was applied four times before and after both massages. After the second massage, both groups were re-administered. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were used for data analysis.

Official Title
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Effects of Deep Tissue Massage on Pain and Comfort After Cesarean: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Cesarean Section, Pain, Postoperative, Massage, Comfort, Midwifery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: deep tissue massage


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Pain severity is 45 mm or more according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Having a single and healthy newborn, Does not respond negatively to any attempt to touch like massage, Women whose tissue integrity is complete and healthy in the area to be massaged were included in the sample. Exclusion Criteria: Those with cesarean section with general anesthesia, Any problems diagnosed before birth and at birth (such as oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, heart disease, diabetes, placenta previa) Any complications related to the mother and baby in the postpartum period (bleeding, hypertension, babies taken to the neonatal intensive care unit, etc.), Those who received repeat doses other than routine narcotic analgesics (0.5 mg in the first 30 minutes) were not included in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Deep tissue massage<br>deep tissue massage applied group | Other: deep tissue massage<br>* Experimental group received deep tissue massage twice at 11st and 23rd hours after cesarean section.<br>|
| No Intervention: Standard of care<br>group without deep tissue massage | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pain scores | Visual Analog Scale: Mild pain between 0-44 mm, moderate pain between 45-74 mm, and severe pain between 75-100 mm | at 11st hours cesarean section | 
| pain scores | Visual Analog Scale: Mild pain between 0-44 mm, moderate pain between 45-74 mm, and severe pain between 75-100 mm | at 23rd hours cesarean section | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| comfort scores | Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire: The highest score from the scale is 170, the lowest score is 34. The increase in the average score obtained from the scale indicates that the comfort level also increases. | at 23rd hours cesarean section |