The Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy in Patients With Schizophrenia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study applied a randomized parallel case-controlled design. The study purpose was to evaluate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life among patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with an active control.

Detailed Description
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Background: Anti-psychotic drugs are limited in their ability to improve psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and anxiety status in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) can potentially reduce anxiety status and improve subjective welling in acute patients. It is an ideal rehabilitation intervention for patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated the effects of PMR on outcomes among patients with chronic schizophrenia. Design: This study applied a randomized parallel case-controlled design. Methods: Hospital-based randomized control trial in Taiwan. Eighty subjects with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from a psychotic ward and randomized into PMR, or control groups. Patients in the intervention group participated in progressive muscle relaxation for 12 weeks; while patients in the control group members received supportive treatment-as-usual (TAU). All participants completed anxiety, psychotic syndromes and quality of life measures at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up.

Official Title
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The Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy in Patients With Schizophrenia: Randomized Controlled Trials

Conditions
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Affective Disorders, Psychotic Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: progressive muscle relaxation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of Schizophrenia Without the risk of self-injury and violence Patients aged from 20-65 years old Had no alcohol and drug abuse Can use Mandarin or Taiwanese to communicate Exclusion Criteria: Patients with another psychiatric comorbidity Patients with musculoskeletal problems patients who cannot sit last for 50 minutes Had received progressive muscle relaxation training within the last year Diagnosis of confirmed cardiovascular disease

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This study applied a randomized parallel case-controlled design. Hospital-based randomized control trial . Subjects were chronic schizophrenia who were recruited from a psychotic ward complex and randomized into PMR, or control groups.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: progressive muscle relaxation<br>The experimental group received PMR once a week for a total of 12 weeks. Subjects completed measures at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up. | Behavioral: progressive muscle relaxation<br>* intervention group: The experimental group received muscle relaxation training once a week for 3 consecutive months. The results were measured and followed up after 3 months.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>treatment-as-usual(TAU) | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quality of life simplified Chinese versions of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were used | a 28-item questionnaire rated on a five-point Likert scale with four domains measuring: psychological health, physical health, social relationships and environment.so that higher scores refer to high QOL. | Measuring changes in quality of life from baseline to 6 months. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anxiety Scale | State anxiety was assessed by the State anxiety inventory (SAI) of Spielberg (1984). The range of possible total scores is 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. | measured at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up | 
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) | The instrument was developed by Kay et al. (1987) to assess psychopathology of schizophrenia which includes: positive, negative, general psychopathology symptoms. | measured at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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PMR, anxiety, psychotic syndrome, quality of life