Diaphragm Activity During Incentive Spirometry and Diaphragmatic Breathing

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The objective of the present study is to evaluate diaphragm activity during three breathing exercises: diaphragmatic breathing (DB), flow-oriented (Triflo II)incentive spirometry and volume-oriented (Voldyne) incentive spirometry. Seventeen healthy subjects will be studied (8 man and 9 woman).

Detailed Description
-----------------
Right diaphragmatic mobility will be evaluated by determining the craniocaudal displacement of the left branch of the portal vein using a B-mode ultrasound device (Logic 500, Pro Series®; General ElectricMedical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The ultrasound technician will use a 3.5 MHz convex transducer positioned in the right subcostal region, with the incidence angle perpendicular to the craniocaudal axis, in the direction of the inferior vena cava. Next, an intraparenchymal portal branch will be identified in the field of vision and its position will be traced with the curser during the forced inspiration and expiration. The craniocaudal displacement of these points will be considered to be the amount of right diaphragmatic mobility.

Official Title
-----------------
Diaphragm Mobility During Respiratory Exercises With Incentive Spirometry in Healthy Individuals

Conditions
-----------------
Diaphragm Mobility, Breathing Exercises, Incentive Spirometry, Diaphragmatic Breathing

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: DB, VI and FI


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Being 18 to 40 years old Having a normal body mass index Being a non-smoker Not knowing the DB and the IS techniques Reporting the absence of respiratory diseases. Exclusion Criteria: Presenting alteration in respiratory function detected by functional analysis of lung volume and capacity Inability to understand or perform the procedure.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: DB, VI and FV<br>Breathing exercises | Device: DB, VI and FI<br>* Two modalities of respiratory exercises based on deep and slow inspirations will be used: DB and IS. During DB, the researcher will place one hand slightly below the lower ribs in the abdominal region of the subject and the subject will be instructed to perform inspirations up to the maximum level of volume avoiding rib cage displacement; this recommendation will also be valid for exercises using incentive spirometers. IS will be executed using two different devices: Triflo II and Voldyne.<br>* Other names: incentive spirometry;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ultrasound evaluation of the diaphragm mobility |  | six - eight months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pulmonary function test |  | six - eight months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
incentive spirometry, diaphragm mobility, ultrasound, diaphragmatic breathing