Impact of the Covid-19 on RSV Epidemic in the Metropolis of Lyon

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The magnitude of seasonal RSV epidemics brings each year new logistical challenges for the hospitalization of young infants with bronchiolitis that overwhelm hospital capacities and lead to specific winter plans with deprogramming and mobilization of human and logistical resources. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way winter epidemics are presented. For example, the seasonal RSV epidemic was shifted by several months in Lyon, with an impression of a lower incidence of hospitalized cases, with a population of older children and with fewer signs of clinical severity. This is largely attributable to the widespread use of barrier gestures and social distancing measures, known as non-pharmacological interventions or NPI. Given the magnitude of the reduction of the RSV epidemic, it is legitimate to analyze the benefits of NPIs to draw lessons for maintaining preventive measures around RSV-vulnerable populations; moreover, new preventive pharmacological interventions are soon to be marketed, whether they are particularly refined and long half-life anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies, RSV vaccines for mothers or for newborns and infants. In this perspective, it is crucial to properly define the populations at risk of severe disease to establish a legitimate hierarchy in the implementation of different preventive strategies. The study of the RSV epidemic is a high potential model because of the convergence of epidemiological, virological, and pharmacological knowledge. However, the study of the impact of the pandemic on the epidemiology of rhinovirus also seems promising because, for reasons unknown to date, it seems that the pandemic did not have the same reducing impact on the rhinovirus epidemic; in the latter case, the interest is to confirm the resistance of this virus and to look for more fundamental explanations, for example, on viral interactions. On a previous study (see NTC 04944160), 519 infants were recruited in the Pre-Covid-19 season population, and 277 infants were recruited in the first Per-Covid-19 season population.

Official Title
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Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Metropolis of Lyon

Conditions
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Rhinovirus, RSV Infection in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: epidemiology
* Other: epidemiology


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Child hospitalized at  Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant , Lyon, France Positive RSV-PCR Exclusion Criteria: Parent's refusal to participate

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Pre Covid-19 cohort<br>Children hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the  Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant , Lyon, France with a RT-PCR positive for RSV during the 2019-2020 winter epidemic | Other: epidemiology<br>* To review of medical records to describe diagnosis and severity of the disease<br>* Other names: Medical records analysis;Other: epidemiology<br>* To compare pre- and per-Covid-19 epidemics in terms of numbers of admissions, and proportion of severe disease.<br>* Other names: Comparison of cohorts;|
| Per Covid-19 cohort<br>Children hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the  Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant , Lyon, France with a RT-PCR positive for RSV during the 2020-2021, 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024 epidemic. The need for continuation of the study will be reassessed after each season | Other: epidemiology<br>* To review of medical records to describe diagnosis and severity of the disease<br>* Other names: Medical records analysis;Other: epidemiology<br>* To compare pre- and per-Covid-19 epidemics in terms of numbers of admissions, and proportion of severe disease.<br>* Other names: Comparison of cohorts;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Annual evolution of the number and severity of RSV-infection in hospitalized children during per-Covid-19 epidemic compared to pre-Covid-19 pandemic. | Description of number of cases for each clinical picture according to pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and per-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic year. | Day 0 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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RSV epidemic, Covid-19-RSV interaction, Non-pharmacological-interventions, Bronchiolitis, Asthma, Pneumonia