Value of Liquid Potassium Magnesium Citrate in Controlling Hypertension

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Liquid potassium-magnesium citrate (KMgCit) as a pharmaceutical formulation will lower blood pressure among patients with pre- or Stage I hypertension on their customary diet.

Detailed Description
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In this protocol, the investigators want to explore whether KMgCit taken during a customary dietary setting, might serve as a surrogate for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to lower blood pressure. This study has obvious biomedical importance. Lifestyle modifications are often recommended for pre- or Stage I hypertension. The DASH diet is such a modification that has been shown to be effective. However, this diet is costly and difficult to adhere to long-term. If KMgCit were shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure, it would provide a safe and convenient alternative to the DASH diet.

Official Title
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Value of Liquid Potassium Magnesium Citrate in Controlling Hypertension

Conditions
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Hypertension

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Potassium chloride powder
* Drug: Potassium citrate powder
* Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men or women > 21 years of age Any Race/Ethnicity Pre- or Stage I hypertension (BP >= 120/80 and <= 159/99) Exclusion Criteria: Diabetes mellitus Renal impairment (serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dL) Any heart diseases such as congestive heart failure or sustained arrhythmia Chronic NSAID use Treatment with diuretics Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requiring treatment with acid reducing agents or antacid more than once a week Esophageal-gastric ulcer Chronic diarrhea Hyperkalemia (serum > 4.6 meq/L for patients on angiotension-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), serum K > 5.0 meq/L for patient not on ACE inhibitors or ARBs) Abnormal liver function test (aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine transaminase (ALT) above upper limit of normal range) Subjects who require any potassium supplement on a regular basis from any reasons Pregnancy History of major depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: KMgCit, KCit, KCl, Placebo<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Magnesium Citrate (KMgCit) powder, Potassium Citrate (KCit) powder, Potassium Chloride (KCl) powder, Placebo. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KMgCit, KCit, Placebo, KCl<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Chloride powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KMgCit, KCl, KCit, Placebo<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Placebo. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KMgCit, KCl, Placebo, KCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Placebo, Potassium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KMgCit, Placebo, KCit, KCl<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KMgCit, Placebo, KCl, KCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCit, KMgCit, KCl, Placebo<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Placebo. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCit, KMgCit, Placebo, KCl<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Chloride powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCit, KCl, KMgCit, Placebo<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Placebo. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCit, KCl, Placebo, KMgCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Placebo, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCit, Placebo, KMgCit, KCl<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCit, Placebo, KCl, KMgCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCl, KMgCit, KCit, Placebo<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Placebo. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCl, KMgCit, Placebo, KCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCl, KCit, KMgCit, Placebo<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Placebo. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCl, KCit, Placebo, KMgCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Placebo, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCl, Placebo, KMgCit, KCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Chloride powder, Placebo, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: KCl, Placebo, KCit, KMgCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Potassium Chloride powder, Placebo, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: Placebo, KMgCit, KCit, KCl<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Placebo, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: Placebo, KMgCit, KCl, KCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Placebo, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: Placebo, KCit, KMgCit, KCl<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Placebo, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: Placebo, KCit, KCl, KMgCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Placebo, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: Placebo, KCl, KMgCit, KCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Placebo, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder, Potassium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|
| Experimental: Placebo, KCl, KCit, KMgCit<br>Participants who received study drug in the order: Placebo, Potassium Chloride powder, Potassium Citrate powder, Potassium Magnesium Citrate powder. Study medications were taken twice daily after dissolution in 250 ml water. Each phase was followed by at least 1 week of washout. | Drug: Potassium chloride powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and again dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCl;Drug: Potassium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KCit;Drug: Potassium magnesium citrate powder<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water (providing 20 meq K) given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 40 meq K/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: KMgCit;Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 sachet mixed with 250 ml water given at breakfast and dinner, for a total of 2 sachets/day, for 4 weeks<br>* Other names: Microcystalline cellulose;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 24-hour Average Systolic Blood Pressure | This is the average systolic blood pressure over a 24 hour period. | 4 weeks | 
| 24-hour Average Diastolic Blood Pressure | The average diastolic blood pressure over a 24 hour period. | 4 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Office Systolic Blood Pressure |  | 4 weeks | 
| Office Diastolic Blood Pressure |  | 4 weeks | 
| Serum C-terminal Telopeptide (CTX) |  | 4 weeks | 
| 24-hour Urinary Calcium |  | 4 weeks of treatment | 
| Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity |  | 4 weeks | 
| Central Aortic Systolic Blood Pressure |  | 4 weeks | 
| Central Aortic Diastolic Blood Pressure |  | 4 weeks |