Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Schizophrenia

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This trial attempts to evaluate the treatment efficacy of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and its safety among schizophrenia patients. Half of the participants will be randomized to MST group, while the other half will be randomized to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Detailed Description
-----------------
Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is likely to be an alternative options to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Widespread stimulation of cortical and subcortical regions is inevitable for ECT since the substantial impedance of the scalp and skull shuts most of the electrical stimulus away from the brain. Nevertheless, magnetic pulses are capable to focus the stimulus to a specific area of the brain because they can pass the scalp and skull without resistance. In Addition, electric current will penetrate into deeper structures, while magnetic stimulus are only capable to reach a depth of a few centimeters. As a consequence, MST are able to generate focus stimuli on superficial regions of the cortex while ECT can't, which may give MST the capability to produce comparable therapeutic benefits with the absence of apparent cognitive side effects.

Official Title
-----------------
Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Schizophrenia

Conditions
-----------------
Schizophrenia

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Magpro X100 + Option
* Device: ThymatronSystem Ⅳ Electroconvulsive System
* Other: treatment as usual (TAU)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia; convulsive therapy clinically indicated, such as severe psychomotor excitement or retardation, attempts of suicide, being highly aggressive, pharmacotherapy intolerance, and ineffectiveness of antipsychotics; the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)[20] score ≥ 60; informed consent in written form. Exclusion Criteria: diagnosis of other mental disorders; severe physical diseases, such as stroke, heart failure, liver failure, neoplasm, and immune deficiency; present with a laboratory abnormality that could impact on efficacy of treatments or safety of participants; failure to respond to an adequate trial of ECT lifetime; are pregnant or intend to get pregnant during the study; other conditions that investigators consider to be inappropriate to participate in this trial.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: magnetic seizure therapy<br>10 treatment sessions of MST, three times per week in the first two weeks, two times per in the following two weeks. | Device: Magpro X100 + Option<br>* In addition to treatment as usual (TAU), participants were supposed to receive ten sessions of MST in four weeks, with three sessions per week in the first two weeks and two sessions per week in the following two weeks.<br>* Other names: magnetic seizure therapy;Other: treatment as usual (TAU)<br>* Participants will engage in their inpatient treatment program as-usual.<br>|
| Active Comparator: electroconvulsive therapy<br>10 treatment sessions of modified-ECT, three times per week in the first two weeks, two times per in the following two weeks. | Device: ThymatronSystem Ⅳ Electroconvulsive System<br>* In addition to treatment as usual (TAU), participants were supposed to receive ten sessions of modified ECT in four weeks, with three sessions per week in the first two weeks and two sessions per week in the following two weeks.<br>* Other names: electroconvulsive therapy;Other: treatment as usual (TAU)<br>* Participants will engage in their inpatient treatment program as-usual.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| changes of The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) |  | At baseline, 4-week, 8-week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| changes in motor threshold (MT) | using single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) | At baseline and the day after the first treatment | 
| changes in brain gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA）levels |  | At baseline, the day after the first treatment, and at 4-week follow-up | 
| changes in resting state network | measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | At baseline, the day after the first treatment, and at 4-week follow-up | 
| changes in auditory evoked potential (AEP) | measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) | At baseline and the day after the first treatment | 
| changes in Novel P300 | measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) | At baseline and the day after the first treatment | 
| changes in blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) |  | At baseline and at 4-week follow-up | 
| changes in Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) |  | At baseline, 4-week, 8-week | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
magnetic seizure therapy, randomized controlled trials, schizophrenia, cognition