Effects of Elastic Resistance Training on Performance and Biochemical Parameters

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effect of elastic resistance exercise in elderly women living in a nursing home. The primary outcome was the functional performance and hand grip strength. The secondary outcomes were myokines and inflammatory markers analysis.

Detailed Description
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Evidence regarding the relationship between RT and systemic myokine responses, as well as inflammation and physical performance in elderly is limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of short-term progressive elastic resistance training on muscular strength and physical performance, as well as the acute and chronic response of myokines and inflammatory markers after resistance exercise in elderly women living in a nursing home. From January to February 2016, we invited 95 older women (≥ 65 years) living in nursing home in the south of Slovenia to participate in our study. The experimental design consisted of 1) baseline testing; 2) acute elastic resistance exercises with post-exercise and 2h post-exercise biochemical analysis; 3) a 3 months of supervised, progressive elastic resistance training program of moderate intensity; and 4) post-training testing. The quantification of biomarkers was done using the MAGPIX® system, magnetic bead-based multi-analyte panels and MILLIPLEX® Analyst 5.1 software (MAGPIX®, Merck Millipore) and a human premixed 4-plex kit (R&D System Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), strictly following the manufacturer's instructions. Two-way mixed ANOVA model was used to test group × time interaction. Tukey's post hoc test was applied for statistically significant interaction. To test for significant differences between groups relating anthropometric and biochemical variables, we used a Student's t-test. All values are expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD). P values of <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing will be performed by multiplying the P value with the number of tests where appropriate. Statistical analyses will be carried out using the SPSS program, version 21 (Chicago, IL).

Official Title
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Effects of Elastic Resistance Training on Physical Performance, Inflammatory Marker and Myokines in Elderly Women

Conditions
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Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Exercise
* Other: Training
* Other: Control group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: nursing home residents participants did not perform any regular resistance training Exclusion Criteria: immobility implantable cardiac peacemaker severe dementia terminal illness

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Exercise<br>Participant in this group performed an acute resistance exercise protocol. The exercise protocol consisted of general warm-up of 10 min, followed by 8 exercises with 2 sets of 8 repetition and 1 min between sets. | Other: Exercise<br>* Exercise session consisted of general warm-up of 10 min, followed by 35-40 min of resistance exercises (chair squats, band seated: biceps curl, seated row, knee extension, leg press and hip abduction; standing behind the chair: knee flexion, and calf rise), and general cool down of 10 min.<br>|
| Experimental: Training<br>Participants allocated to intervention group initiated the progressive resistance training program of moderate intensity, with three weekly sessions throughout the 12-week treatment period. | Other: Training<br>* Each training session consisted of general warm-up of 10 min, followed by 35-40 min of resistance exercises (chair squats, band seated: biceps curl, seated row, knee extension, leg press and hip abduction; standing behind the chair: knee flexion, and calf rise), and general cool down of 10 min.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>Participants allocated to control group did not receive any placebo or treatment. | Other: Control group<br>* The control group did not receive any treatment.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional performance | A short battery of physical performance tests (SPPB) was used to assess baseline and post-training lower extremity function (0-12 point scale). | 1 week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acute effect of resistance exercise | The acute effect of resistance exercise on plasma concentrations of myokines and inflammatory markers measured pre-, post- and 2h post-exercise. | 4 hours | 
| Biochemical analysis of chronic effect of resistance training | The chronic effect of resistance training on plasma concentrations of myokines and inflammatory markers measured at baseline and post-training. | 2 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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SPPB, BDNF, interleukin-15, interleukin-8, resistin