Infant-Directed Singing for At-Risk Mothers and Infants

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to figure out if mothers can learn how to use singing to help their babies. Singing can help babies calm down or encourage them to play, both of which are needed for learning.

Official Title
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Infant-Directed Singing (IDS) for Maternal Sensitivity and Infant Self-Regulation in an At-Risk Population

Conditions
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Maternal Behavior, Infant Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Infant-Directed Singing Coaching


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Mothers: must have infants enrolled at the Linda Ray Intervention Center (LRIC). must be 18 years of age or older must be able to read and write in English Infants: must be enrolled at the Linda Ray Intervention Center (LRIC). must be at least 3 months and no older than 12 months. Exclusion Criteria: - Participants who are not enrolled at the Linda Ray Intervention Center (LRIC).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Infant-Directed Singing Coaching Group<br>At-risk mothers and infants will receive four, 30-minute sessions of an infant-directed singing coaching intervention. | Behavioral: Infant-Directed Singing Coaching<br>* At-risk mothers will receive four, 30-minute, in-person infant-directed singing coaching intervention sessions that take place over two weeks. Mothers will learn how to better read infant cues and respond with sensitive singing. Infants will gain experience in self-regulation of arousal states.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Maternal Perceived Self-Efficacy as measured by Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale | Change in maternal perceived self-efficacy will be measured by using the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale. This is a 15-item self-report measure, with scores ranging from 0- 45. Lower scores reflect lower perceived self-efficacy, and higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived self-efficacy. | 1 week prior to intervention, 1 week after intervention | 
| Change in Acoustic Parameters of Mothers' Singing | Change in the acoustic parameter of mothers evaluated by data mining of recording of mother's voices using a microphone | 1 week prior to intervention, week 2 of intervention, 1 week after intervention | 
| Change in percentage of time Infant displays gaze type | Change in percentage of time infant displays gaze type will be measured by a video recording of the infant gaze. Videos will be coded to determine the percentage of time infants demonstrate a gaze type. Types of gaze include and range from roaming (most negative), averted, neutral, intermittent, to sustained (most positive). | 1 week prior to intervention, week 2 of intervention, 1 week after intervention | 
| Change in percentage of time Infant displays affect type | Change in percentage of time infant displays affect type will be measured by a video recording of Infant's affect. Videos will be coded to determine the percentage of time infants demonstrate affect type. Types of affect include and range from large grimace (most negative), frown, neutral, smile, to large smile (most positive). | 1 week prior to intervention, week 2 of intervention, 1 week after intervention |