The Effectiveness of Resistance Training on Glycemic Control for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Cardiac Rehabilitation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is designed to investigate the effect of a structured resistance training program on glycemic control, measured by hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who are enrolled in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. The investigator will compare the experimental group receiving resistance training to a control group made of patients enrolled in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation and perform 3 aerobic exercise modalities during their sessions, which is the current standard of care.

Official Title
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The Effectiveness of Resistance Training on Glycemic Control for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Cardiac Rehabilitation

Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), Cardiovascular Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance Training
* Other: Standard of Care


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis with T2DM and have been accepted for a standard outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program Cognitively able to comprehend the information presented in the program Cognitively able to give informed consent to participate in this study Exclusion Criteria: Patients with orthopedic or neurological limitations that would prevent them from participating in the resistance training program or monitored exercise sessions.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Group 1 Resistance Training Group<br>Participants will perform 3 exercises, one of which will be a series of 7 muscle-strengthening exercises using body weight resistance and elastic resistance bands + 36 sessions of a standard cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of monitored exercise, nutritional guidance, and heart-healthy lifestyle education three times weekly. | Other: Resistance Training<br>* 7 muscle-strengthening exercises using body weight resistance and elastic resistance bands<br>|
| Active Comparator: Group 2 Standard of Care<br>Participants will perform 3 exercises that do not include the 7 muscle-strengthening exercises + 36 sessions of a standard cardiac rehabilitation program consisting of monitored exercise, nutritional guidance, and heart-healthy lifestyle education three times weekly. | Other: Standard of Care<br>* 3 exercises that do not include these 7 muscle-strengthening exercises<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Comparison of Stress measured by change in heart rate |  | Baseline, One Year, 2 Years | 
| Leg strength measured by assessing maximum weight subject can press one time on a leg press machine |  | up to 2 years | 
| Paired T-test to compare test-retest Perceived exertion |  | up to 2 years | 
| Paired T-test to compare test-retest Perceived dyspnea |  | up to 2 years |