Feedback Loop Between Intracranial Atherosclerosis and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The present study aims at verifying the mutual effects between intracranial large artery atherosclerosis and cerebral small vessel disease on disease progression and prognosis by magnetic resonance imaging, and providing biomarkers for the early prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Cerebrovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. There is a close link in structure and function between the intracranial large arteries and cerebral small vessels. Moreover, growing evidences have demonstrated that large artery atherosclerosis often coexists with small vessel disease, which may deteriorate the clinical outcomes of stroke and dementia. The mutual feedback mechanism between them is not fully understood. The present study focuses on the mechanism of mutual feedback between large artery atherosclerosis and cerebral small vessel disease by using magnetic resonance imaging. The study may provide biomarkers for the early prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease.

Official Title
-----------------
Feedback Loop Between Intracranial Atherosclerosis and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Conditions
-----------------
ICAS - Intracranial Atherosclerosis, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Magnetic resonance imaging


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥ 18 years At least one intracranial artery ≥ 50% atherosclerotic stenosis Modified Rankin Scale < 2 Mini-mental State Examination > 24 Exclusion Criteria: Concurrent ipsilateral extracranial artery ≥ 50% stenosis Pregnant women Contraindications to magnetic resonance examination (patients with pacemakers, nerve stimulators, artificial metal heart valves and other metal foreign bodies)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Intracranial atherosclerosis and small vessel disease<br>Patients diagnosed with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis and cerebral small vessel disease based on imaging screening. | Diagnostic Test: Magnetic resonance imaging<br>* Imaging diagnostics mainly based on Magnetic resonance imaging.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Progression in total cerebral small vessel disease burden | Total cerebral small vessel disease burden is assessed according to a sum of scores of white matter hyperintensity, cerebral microbleeds, lacunes and enlarged perivasular spaces on magnetic resonance imaging sequences. | 1-3 YEARS | 
| Frequency of stroke recurrence | The percentage of symptomatic participants who suffer from stroke recurrence after enrollment in the territory of the targeted stenotic vessel. | 1-3 YEARS | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frequency of stroke of asymptomatic participants | The percentage of asymptomatic participants who suffer from stroke after enrollment in the territory of the targeted stenotic vessel. | 1-3 YEARS | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Intracranial atherosclerosis, Cerebral small vessel disease, Feedback mechanism, Multimodal MRI