Clinical Significance of Community-acquired Respiratory Virus Infection and Longitudinal Analysis of the Lung Microbiome in Lung Transplantation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infection in patients with lung transplantation;Explore the lung microbiome dynamics within one year after lung transplantation;Find the relationship between lung microbiome and chronic lung allograft dysfunction(CLAD).

Detailed Description
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Title:Clinical Significance of Community-acquired Respiratory Virus Infection and Longitudinal Analysis of the Lung Microbiome in Lung Transplantation. Background:Infection affects the short-term prognosis of patients with lung transplantation and chronic lung allograft dysfunction(CLAD) limits their long-term survival.It is important to provide more theoretical support for early diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory tract infection and CLAD in patients with lung transplantation. Study Objectives:Evaluate the clinical significance of community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infection in patients with lung transplantation;Explore the lung microbiome dynamics within one year after lung transplantation;Find the relationship between lung microbiome and CLAD. Study Design:A prospective and longitudinal study,following up the patients for 3 years. Sample Size:100 cases. Study methods:CARV detection for respiratory specimens are performed during acute infection and routine re-testing in patients after lung transplantation,following up the patients who have positive findings to analyze the progression rates to lower respiratory tract infection,mortality rate within 90 days and risk factors associated with progression and death.For HRV/CoVs/HBoV detecting positive patients, consecutively collect respiratory specimens to quantitate viral load and combine virus serology to further confirm their pathogenicity on host.Complete a longitudinal 16S ribosomal RNA and metagenomics survey of the lung microbiome on respiratory samples collected from routine testing or re-testing（pre-operation,24 hours after the operation，day 3, day 7, week 2, week 3, month 1, month 3, month 6, month 9, month 12 , month 18, month 24, month 30, month 36) to explore the lung microbiome dynamics within one year after lung transplantation and find the relationship between lung microbiome and CLAD after 3 years follow-up.Besides,collect the peripheral blood of some patients for transcriptome and/or whole genome sequencing to screen for the host susceptibility genes.

Official Title
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Clinical Significance of Community-acquired Respiratory Virus Infection and Longitudinal Analysis of the Lung Microbiome in Lung Transplantation

Conditions
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Lung Transplant Infection, Lung Transplant Rejection

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1.Patients with lung transplantation. 2.The patients who agree to participate in this study and sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The progression rates from upper respiratory tract infection to lower respiratory tract infection within 40 days after diagnosis. | CARV detection for respiratory specimens are performed during acute infection and routine re-testing in patients after lung transplantation,following up the patients who have positive findings to analyze the progression rates to lower respiratory tract infection. | 40 days after diagnosis | 
| Mortality rate within 90 days after diagnosis of respiratory viral infections | CARV detection for respiratory specimens are performed during acute infection and routine re-testing in patients after lung transplantation,following up the patients who have positive findings to analyze mortality rate within 90 days after diagnosis of respiratory viral infections | 90 days after diagnosis of respiratory viral infections | 
| Explore the lung microbiome dynamics within one year after lung transplantation. | Complete a longitudinal 16S ribosomal RNA and metagenomics survey of the lung microbiome on respiratory samples collected from routine testing or re-testing（pre-operation,24 hours after the operation，day 3, day 7, week 2, week 3, month 1, month 3, month 6, month 9, month 12) | 1 year follow-up after lung transplantation | 
| Whether chronic lung allograft dysfunction occurs for individuals after 3 years follow-up after lung transplantation and find the relationship between lung microbiome and CLAD | Complete a longitudinal 16S ribosomal RNA and metagenomics survey of the lung microbiome on respiratory samples collected from routine testing or re-testing（24 hours after the operation，month 3, month 6, month 9, month 12 , month 18, month 24, month 30, month 36) | 3 years follow-up after lung transplantation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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respiratory viral infections, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, lung microbiome