Metacognitive Training Program With Depression

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The participants of this study have been diagnosed with mild to moderate depression with no evidence of suicidal actions prior to recruitment. All recruited subjects receive standard therapy and participate in a metacognitive training program (D-MKT) independently of study participation. Diagnostic and therapeutical interventions are not part of this study. As part of this study, the change of cognitive and psychosocial achievement/behavior in patients with mild to moderate depression after taking part in the training program is being investigated. The training program seeks to enable group members to recognize and correct the often automatic and unconscious thought patterns that accompany depression, in part by viewing this depressive thought process at a distance (i.e., depersonalizing). In addition, dysfunctional assumptions about one's thought processes, as well as dysfunctional coping-strategies (i.e., thought suppression, rumination as problem-solving) are targeted (Lena Jelinek & Steffen Moritz, http://clinical-neuropsychology.de/metacognitive_training_for_depression.html). Within this study the cognitive and psychosocial behaviour changes are being investigated by neuropsychological assessment as well as questionnaires.

Conditions
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Depression

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Metacognitive Training Program during mild to moderate depression


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participation in the Metacognitive Training Program Subjects with an age over 55 years and a diagnosed mild to moderate depression without psychotic Symptoms (F32, F33) Subjects have to be able to understand verbal and written information regarding treatment and procedures of the study. Subjects have to be able to understand and perform verbal and written tasks (cognitive tests/questionnaires). No evidence of suicidal tendency Exclusion Criteria: Taking of medication or drugs that could influence cognition Diseases that prevent the subject from giving consent to this study or affect the collaboration during the examination Major and/or unstable physical diseases Strongly impaired vision/eye diseases Psychotic or manic symptoms Benzodiazepine addiction/dependency Suicidal tendency

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: Metacognitive Training Program during mild to moderate depression|Diagnostic and therapeutical interventions are not part of this study. As part of this study, the change of cognitive and psychosocial achievement/behavior in patients with mild to moderate depression after taking part in the training program is being investigated. The training program seeks to enable group members to recognize and correct the often automatic and unconscious thought patterns that accompany depression, in part by viewing this depressive thought process at a distance (i.e., depersonalizing). In addition, dysfunctional assumptions about one's thought processes, as well as dysfunctional coping-strategies (i.e., thought suppression, rumination as problem-solving) are targeted (Lena Jelinek & Steffen Moritz, http://clinical-neuropsychology.de/metacognitive_training_for_depression.html).|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Improvement of depression as measured by Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of depression as measured by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of self-esteem as measured by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of dysfunctional coping strategies as measured by 10-Item-Version of the Response Styles Questionnaire in German (RSQ-D) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of dysfunctional coping strategies as measured by Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of satisfaction and subjective well-being as measured by World Health Organization Quality of Life - short version (WHOQOL-BREF) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of metacognitive thinking as measured by Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-Plus) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by 5-Point Test |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest (RWT) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Tower of London |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Wechsler Memory Scale Revised (WMS-R) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Trail Making Test (TMT) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Verbaler Lern- und Merkfähigkeitstest (VLMT) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung (TAP) |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by MWT |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Cartoon Test |  | 14 months | 
| Improvement of cognition as measured by Faux Pas Test |  | 14 months |