The Analgesic Efficacy of Forced Coughing During Intrauterine Device Insertion

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This was a randomized controlled trial of 400 women who attended the outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospital for copper IUD insertion. The women were randomly assigned to cough and control groups.The primary outcome measure was the level of pain experienced at different steps of IUD insertion measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS).

Detailed Description
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We conducted this randomized controlled trial at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt, from May 2018 to March 2020. Our hospital research ethics committee approved this study. We obtained informed consent from all participants before initiating any study procedures. CONSORT guidelines were observed and completed. We recruited non pregnant women (aged 18-45 years) requesting copper T380A IUD insertion for contraception. Eligible women had no prior vaginal delivery or pregnancy termination beyond 12 weeks, gestation (as patulous cervical os may affect VAS score), any previous deliveries had been by cesarean section, they were immediately postmenstrual or 1 week after pregnancy termination and they were willing to complete the study questionnaires. All women had to be alert, oriented, and cooperative to respond easily to VAS. Exclusion criteria were current pregnancy, prior vaginal delivery, history of cervical stenosis, current pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine anomalies, undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding, fibroids distorting the uterine cavity, and patients using chronic NSAIDs or on chronic pain medication. We randomized participants in a 1:1 ratio to cough and control groups. A statistician not directly involved in the study prepared a computer generated randomization list and placed the allocation information in sequentially numbered sealed envelopes that were opened according to the attendance of the subjects after signing the informed consent.

Official Title
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The Analgesic Efficacy of Forced Coughing During Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: forced coughing


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Non pregnant women (aged 18-45 years) requesting copper T380A IUD insertion for contraception. No prior vaginal delivery or pregnancy termination beyond 12 weeks gestation (as patulous cervical os may affect VAS score). Any previous deliveries had been by cesarean section. Immediately postmenstrual or 1 week after pregnancy termination. They were willing to complete the study questionnaires. All women had to be alert, oriented, and cooperative to respond easily to VAS. Exclusion criteria were: Current pregnancy. Prior vaginal delivery. History of cervical stenosis. Current pelvic inflammatory disease. Uterine anomalies. Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding. Fibroids distorting the uterine cavity. Patients using chronic NSAIDs or on chronic pain medication. We randomized participants in a 1:1 ratio to cough and control groups. A statistician not directly involved in the study prepared a computer generated randomization list and placed the allocation information in sequentially numbered sealed envelopes that were opened according to the attendance of the subjects after signing the informed consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The cough group patients were asked to cough a forced cough during different steps of IUD insertion
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: cough group<br>The cough group patients were asked to cough a forced cough during different steps of IUD insertion | Other: forced coughing<br>* The cough group patients were asked to cough a forced cough during different steps of IUD insertion<br>|
| No Intervention: control<br>the control group received no pain management at all during different steps of IUD insertion | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The level of pain experienced at different steps of IUD insertion measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). | The primary outcome measure was the level of pain experienced at different steps of IUD insertion measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). | Up to 22 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Intrauterine device, IUD, Pain, Forced coughing