Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Kazakhstan in Early 2020

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiological and clinical features of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Kazakhstan at the onset of the pandemic.

Detailed Description
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There is a paucity of data available on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kazakhstan. While a global effort in search for effective treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 is in effect, it is important that high quality and up-to-date information be available from a broad variety of populations on the dynamics of infection. This is especially important in regions where, due to resource shortage, epidemiologic surveillance may have gaps. To address the current gaps, medical records will be obtained for patients with confirmed COVID-19 during the first months of the pandemic (February-April 2020). The epidemiologic and clinical features including the demographics, clinical manifestation, laboratory parameters, radiologic assessments and clinical outcomes will be analyzed. The results of this study will facilitate the clinical management of COVID-19 patients in Kazakhstan and ultimately inform the ongoing efforts to curb the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the region.

Official Title
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Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients in Kazakhstan in Early 2020: a Retrospective, Observational Cohort Study

Conditions
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Covid19, Pneumonia, Viral

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 0 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients<br>Symptomatic patients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition for COVID-19 without evidence of viral pneumonia or hypoxia, who have a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, or asymptomatic patients with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of hospitalization. | |
| Moderate severity COVID-19 patients<br>Symptomatic patients with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, meeting the WHO case definition for moderate COVID-19 disease severity [including clinical signs of pneumonia e.g. fever, cough, dyspnoea, fast breathing, but no signs of severe pneumonia] at the time of hospitalization. | |
| Severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients<br>Symptomatic patients with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, meeting the WHO case definition(s) for severe COVID-19 disease presentation [including clinical signs of pneumonia e.g. fever, cough, dyspnoea, fast breathing, and one of the following: respiratory rate > 30 breaths/min; severe respiratory distress; or oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90% on room air] or for critical COVID-19 disease presentation [including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, septic shock or other complications such as acute pulmonary embolism, acute coronary syndrome, acute stroke and delirium] at the time of hospitalization. | |
| COVID-19 survivors<br>Patients diagnosed with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, who survived. | |
| COVID-19 non-survivors<br>Patients diagnosed with a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, who did not survive. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical and demographic predictors of disease severity among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. | Risk factors associated with disease severity and their odds ratios (ORs) will be assessed by the univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. | approximately 70 days | 
| Clinical and demographic predictors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. | Risk factors associated with death and their odds ratios (ORs) will be assessed by the univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. | approximately 70 days |