Power-speed-endurance Profile (Cycling/Rowing) : Optimize Performance of the French Athletes at the Paris Olympics 2024

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
As part of the preparation at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, the French rowing and cycling federations and a consortium of researchers met to reach an ultimate goal: to increase the number of medals in these two disciplines for Paris 2024 Olympics.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The objective of this study is to evaluate the maximum capacity of power production of athletes by describing their power-endurance profile and the physiological factors underlying this maximum power generation capacity. These assessments will guide coaches and athletes for: the best use of athletes' physical abilities (for race strategy, cycling gear ratio or rowing levers) adaptation of training program to improve the maximum capacity of power production of the athletes, in order to increase the number of medals at the Paris Olympics 2024.

Official Title
-----------------
Description and Determinants of the Power-speed-endurance Profile (PVE) in Cycling and Rowing to Optimize the Performance of the French Athletes at the Paris Olympics 2024

Conditions
-----------------
Healthy Volunteers, Performance

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Hypoxia


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: experienced, well-trained (national to international level) rowers and cyclists written consent Exclusion Criteria: taking medications interfering with measured parameters contraindication to competitive sport practice currently participating in an other structured exercise program muscular, bone or joint injuries neurologic disease pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This is a prospective multi-center exploratory pilot study of physiology study on athletes, track cyclists or rowers national to international level competitors.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Track cyclists and rowers (males and females)<br>All female and male rowing and track cycling athletes at the national or international national or international level, registered in a selection process and likely to represent France at the likely to represent France at the 2024 Olympics will be asked to take part to take part in this study. | Other: Hypoxia<br>* Subjects will be subjected to mild hypoxia simulating an altitude of 1750 m (normobaric hypoxia). Hypoxia decreases oxygen supply to tissue and limit exercise capacity. For this, the subjects will inhale a gas mixture depleted in oxygen (enriched in nitrogen). The barometric pressure at 1500 m being 621 mmHg, PIO2 at this altitude (PIO2 = (621 - 47) x 21%) is 120.5 mmHg. For sea level altitude where the barometric pressure is 760 mmHg, the hypoxic gas mixture should contain (x = 120.5 / (760 - 47)) 16.8% O2. Thus, by inhaling a gas mixture that is oxygen-depleted from 21 to 16.8%, subjects (will simulate the altitude of 1750 and) will experience the equivalent of a 20% reduction in oxygen supply.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maximum force produced at zero speed in a fatigue-free condition | F0i measurement | Month : 3 | 
| Speed in a fatigue-free condition | V0i measurement | Month : 3 | 
| Maximum force produced at zero speed at the end of the 3 min. | F0e measurement | Month : 3 | 
| Speed up produced at the end of the 3 min. | V0e measurement | Month : 3 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) | Cardiac stress test | At inclusion | 
| Maximal Ventilation (VEmax) | Cardiac stress test | At inclusion | 
| Cardiac output (QCmax) | Cardiac stress test | At inclusion | 
| Maximal cardiac frequency (fcmax) | Cardiac stress test | At inclusion | 
| Fibre type determination | Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis | Month : 2 | 
| Microvasculature analysis | Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis | Month : 2 | 
| Muscle enzyme activity (Phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS) et cyclo-oxygenase (COx)) | Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis | Month : 2 | 
| Maximal voluntary force (N) | Comparison before and after exercise | Month : 9 | 
| Rate of force development | Comparison of force development | Month : 9 | 
| Evoked forces (N) | Ratio of evoked force at low and high frequencies | Month : 9 | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Biomechanics, Track cyclists and rowers, Energetics, Muscle, Fatigue