Effect of Antenatal Education on Fear of ChildBirth

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, depression, anxiety, stress, maternal self-efficacy, and mode of delivery in primiparous pregnant women

Detailed Description
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There is still a lack of evidence regarding the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, maternal self-efficacy, anxiety, stress, depression, and mode of delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of antenatal education on birth fear, anxiety, stress, depression, maternal self-efficacy, and mode of delivery

Official Title
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Evaluation of Antenatal Education on Fear of ChildBirth, Depression, Anxiety, Maternal Self-Efficacy, and Delivery Mode in Primiparous Pregnant Women: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Fear of Childbirth, Stress

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Education


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Literate Childbirth at fullterm (born at 38-42 weeks) Nulliparous women Women between the ages of 18-35 Singleton pregnancy in 20 and 36 weeks of gestation Having a healthy newborn No participation in another prenatal program Absence of any psychiatric illness or comorbidities No use medications for a diagnosed mental disorder Baby with normal birth weight and APGAR score of 8 and above Women who have not developed postpartum complications Women without complicated/high-risk pregnancies, who do not experience a perinatal death or stillbirth Speaks and understands Turkish Women with a total fear of childbirth score W-DEQ-A ≥60 will be included. Women who give birth through vaginal route Exclusion Criteria: • Women who do not meet the sample selection criteria

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A randomized controlled trial
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: intervention<br>The women allocated in experimental group will be given antenatal education for 6 weeks | Other: Education<br>* education<br>|
| No Intervention: control<br>The women allocated for the control group will receive prenatal care services routinely provided at the outpatient clinics of the same hospital | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The scale developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and its Turkish adaptation was carried out by Eskin, Harlak, Demirkıran and Dereboy (2013), which aims to measure how stressful some situations in a person's life are perceived, consists of 14 items. The Perceived Stress Scale consists of the dimensions of Perception of Inadequate Self-Efficacy and Perception of Stress/Discomfort. Participants evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from Never (0) to Very often (4). The internal consistency coefficient of the Turkish scale was 0.84 and the test-retest reliability was 0.87. | at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age | 
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The scale developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and its Turkish adaptation was carried out by Eskin, Harlak, Demirkıran and Dereboy (2013), which aims to measure how stressful some situations in a person's life are perceived, consists of 14 items. The Perceived Stress Scale consists of the dimensions of Perception of Inadequate Self-Efficacy and Perception of Stress/Discomfort. Participants evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from Never (0) to Very often (4). The internal consistency coefficient of the Turkish scale was 0.84 and the test-retest reliability was 0.87. | 6-8 weeks postpartum | 
| Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ- A) | The scale was developed by Klaas and Barbro Wijma to measure the fear of childbirth and its Turkish adaptation and validity and reliability were conducted by Körükçü, Kukulu, and Fırat (2012, 2018). The scale consists of 33 items and the answers are enumerated between 0 and 5 as a 6-item liker scale, in which 0 means completely and 5 means none. The range of the total score of the scale is between 0 and 165. The higher the scores, the higher the fear of birth experienced by women | at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age | 
| Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | The scale developed by Zimet et al. in 1988 and Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies were carried out by Eker, Arkar, and Yaldız (2001). The MSPSS is a 12-item scale, and includes 3 groups about the source of support, each of which consisting of 4 items, which are family, friend, and a special person. In the Cronbach's Alpha Method that was used to measure the internal consistency, values were found to be between 0.80 and 0.95 | at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age | 
| Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) | The scale developed by Zimet et al. in 1988 and Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies were carried out by Eker, Arkar, and Yaldız (2001). The MSPSS is a 12-item scale, and includes 3 groups about the source of support, each of which consisting of 4 items, which are family, friend, and a special person. In the Cronbach's Alpha Method that was used to measure the internal consistency, values were found to be between 0.80 and 0.95 | 6-8 weeks postpartum | 
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) | The Turkish adaptation of the scale, developed in 2007 by Tennant et al., was done by Keldal in 2015. It is a five-point Likert-type scale, including 14 items. The lowest and the highest scores are 14 and 70 points. High scores indicate high mental wellbeing. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was determined as 0.89 | at 20 to 36 weeks gestational age | 
| Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) | The Turkish adaptation of the scale, developed in 2007 by Tennant et al., was done by Keldal in 2015. It is a five-point Likert-type scale, including 14 items. The lowest and the highest scores are 14 and 70 points. High scores indicate high mental wellbeing. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was determined as 0.89 | 6-8 weeks postpartum | 
| The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire B version (W-DEQ-B) | W-DEQ- B was developed by Wijma et al. to determine postpartum feelings and thoughts about the fear of women who gave vaginal birth (1998). The scale consists of a total of 33 6-point Likert-type questions. Each item is defined as 1 with a score between 1-6 and 6 as none. The minimum score on the scale is 33, while the maximum score is 198. The higher the scores, the higher the fear of birth experienced by women | 6-8 weeks postpartum | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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antenatal education, fear of childbirth, depression, anxiety, stress, maternal self-efficacy, mode of delivery