Low Energy Dense, Weight Maintenance, Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Investigators presumed that low energy density (LED) diet consumers will have lower risk of cardiovascular disease and are able to maintain their weight longer .

Detailed Description
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Previous studies introduced different dietary interventions for weight loss maintenance. Besides the debate on low fat or low carbohydrate diets, focusing on some food groups including fruits, vegetables and low fat dairies in the diet may be helpful for weight maintenance. However, energy intake is the key factor of weight maintenance. Energy intake will decrease by reducing energy density (ED) of a diet without producing short-term calorie restriction or feeling hunger. There are several studies which showed the beneficial effects of low energy density diets on weight reduction. However, few studies discuses regarding the effects of such diets on weight maintenance.

Official Title
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Low Energy Density Diet and Weight Loss Maintenance

Conditions
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Body Weight Decreased

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: low energy dense
* Other: control
* Other: diet


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: who were on weight loss diet for the last one year and additionally, they did not want to lose more weight. Non-pregnant, non-lactaries and non-smokers aged 40-70 years included in the present study Exclusion Criteria: dietary poor compliance

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Low energy dense<br>Diet of the LED group contained 30%fat, 15% protein and 55% carbohydrate. Most of the consumed carbohydrates in the LED diet group were fruits, vegetables and whole grains. In addition, this group received more servings of vegetables groups daily in the form of liquid diets or some menus contain more vegetables | Other: low energy dense<br>* This group received a diet appropriate with their weight in the form of low energy density diet<br>* Other names: LED;Other: diet<br>* Calorie requirements of each subject were estimated based on resting energy expenditure (by the use of Harris-Benedict equation) and physical activity levels.<br>* Other names: control;|
| Experimental: control<br>In the group with a control diet, 35% of the energy was provided by fat, 15% by protein and 50% by carbohydrate | Other: control<br>* This group received a diet appropriate with their weight in the form of an usual diet regarding the energy density.<br>* Other names: usual;Other: diet<br>* Calorie requirements of each subject were estimated based on resting energy expenditure (by the use of Harris-Benedict equation) and physical activity levels.<br>* Other names: control;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| better weight maintenance by LED |  | 7 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| better CVD risks status by LED |  | 7 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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overweight, obesity, low energy dense