PPI to Promote the Psychological Well-being of Children Living in Poverty

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Positive psychology interventions use positive psychology techniques to identify meaning and value in life events to raise positive feelings and emotions. Application of PPIs has steadily increased in clinical and non-clinical samples. However, that meta-analysis did not include any study in a Chinese population, and it remains unclear whether PPIs are applicable in the Hong Kong Chinese context.

Detailed Description
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A randomized controlled trial will be conducted. A convenience sample of 120 patients age 13 to 17 years with no cognitive and/or behavioral problem(s) will be recruited in secondary school around Kwai Chung Estate Participants will be randomized into experimental and control group. The experimental group, who will receive a 1.5-hour workshop covering positive psychology techniques delivered by a qualified research assistant, in groups of less than 5 people, and a booster intervention at 1 week. The control group will received no intervention. Data collection will be conducted at baseline, 1 week, 1month, 3months and 6 months for both groups.

Official Title
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The Use of a Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) to Promote the Psychological Well-being of Children Living in Poverty: a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Adolescent Development

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Positive Psychology


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age from 13-17 Can read Chinese and speak Cantonese Exclusion Criteria: with identified cognitive and/or behavioral problem(s) with identified mental problem(s) participating in any mental health service/programme and/or receiving any psychiatric medication.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 13 Years
Maximum Age: 17 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Positive psychology<br>The experimental group(n=60), who will receive a 1.5-hour workshop covering positive psychology techniques delivered by a qualified research assistant, in groups of less than 5 people. | Behavioral: Positive Psychology<br>* This intervention aim to examine the effectiveness of PPI in reducing depressive symptoms, enhancing self-esteem, and promoting quality of life among Chinese children who are living in poverty. Participants in the experimental group will receive a 1.5 hour workshop on 4 positive psychology techniques, including (1) gratitude visit/letters, (2) 3 good things, (3) you at your best, and (4) using signature strengths. A booster intervention will be given at 1-week follow-up.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>The control group will receive no intervention. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Screening rate | The number of children screened by the RA divided by the number of children available for screening during the recruitment period. | At baseline | 
| Eligibility rate | The number of eligible children divided by the number of screened children | At baseline | 
| Consent rate | The number of eligible children who consent to participate divided by the number of eligible children | At baseline | 
| Randomization rate | The number of children randomized to the experimental and control groups divided by the number of consenting children | At baseline | 
| Intervention attendance rate | The number of participants in the experimental group who complete the intervention divided by the number of participants randomized into the group | Immediately after the training workshop | 
| Intervention attendance rate at 1-week follow-up | The number of participants in the experimental group who complete the intervention divided by the number of participants randomized into the group | At 1-week follow-up | 
| Adherence to the intervention protocol at 1-week follow-up | The number of participants in the experimental group who practice the skills gained divided by the number of participants randomized into the group | At 1-week follow-up | 
| Retention rate at 6-month follow-up | The number of participants who remain in this study divided by the number of randomized participants, calculated by group at each follow-up | At 6-month follow-up | 
| Completion rate at 6-month follow-up | The number of participants who return the questionnaires divided by the number of questionnaires distributed | At 6-month follow-up | 
| Missing data at baseline | The percentage of missing in the dataset | At baseline | 
| Missing data at 1-week follow-up | The percentage of missing in the dataset | At 1-week follow-up | 
| Missing data at 1-month follow-up | The percentage of missing in the dataset | At 1-month follow-up | 
| Missing data at 3-month follow-up | The percentage of missing in the dataset | At 3-month follow-up | 
| Missing data at 6-month follow-up | The percentage of missing in the dataset | At 6-month follow-up | 
| Adverse events at baseline | unfavorable and unintended events | At baseline | 
| Adverse events at 1-week follow-up | unfavorable and unintended events | At 1-week follow-up | 
| Adverse events at 1-month follow-up | unfavorable and unintended events | At 1-month follow-up | 
| Adverse events at 3-month follow-up | unfavorable and unintended events | At 3-month follow-up | 
| Adverse events at 6-month follow-up | unfavorable and unintended events | At 6-month follow-up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chinese version of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale at 6-month follow-up | Assess participants' self-esteem | At 6-month follow-up | 
| Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory at 6-month follow-up | Assess participants' quality of life | At 6-month follow-up | 
| Chinese version of The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children at 6-month follow-up | Assess participants' depressive symptoms | At 6-month follow-up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Poverty, Positive Psychology, Depressive symptoms, Self-esteem, Quality of life