Efficacy of Piroxicam as a Perioperative Analgesic for Patients Undergoing Fixation of Maxillofacial Fractures

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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At Eldemerdash Hospital at Ain Shams University in Egypt, 72 adult patients (16 to 25 years old) who had mandibular or maxillary fractures were treated with open reduction and internal stabilization. Patients were divided into two categories. (31 patients each) Using randomly generated data from computer, the piroxicam group received 0.4 mg/kg of intramuscular piroxicam, while the general anesthesia group (GA group) did not receive piroxicam. The overall amount of rescue analgesic dosage and postoperative complications like nausea and vomiting were therefore included in the outcomes measurement.

Detailed Description
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Patients were divided into two groups at random using a computer-generated list: the GA group received no piroxicam and the piroxicam group got a 0.4 mg/kg IM piroxicam induction. Both groups got IV paracetamol (24 mg/kg slowly administered over 20 minutes). Fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg was administered after general anesthesia was induced and venous access was established. A suitable size endotracheal tube was then placed intranasal, and intubation was aided by Atracurium (0.5 mg/kg). Throughout the operation, 1 MAC isoflurane in a mixture of 50% air and oxygen was used to maintain anesthesia in all patients who were mechanically ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with targeted EtCO2 (30-35 mmHg). An oral pack was also introduced. After the operation general anesthesia was stopped and the endotracheal tube was removed, Neostigmine 50 mg/kg and atropine sulfate 15 mg/kg were used to reverse muscle relaxation. Patient transportation was made to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Postoperative analgesia was evaluated by a blind investigator using 10 cm- visual analogue scale score which had been explained to the patient on the preoperative visit where: 0 = no pain, 10 = worst possible pain) in the PACU then at 3, 6, 12, 24 hours, if the pain score >3, pethidine 25 mg intravenously and Ondansetron 0.1mg/kg was used for cases with nausea or vomiting.

Official Title
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Efficacy of Piroxicam as a Perioperative Analgesic for Patients Undergoing Fixation of Maxillofacial Fractures

Conditions
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Postoperative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Piroxicam group
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients aged from 16-25 years old ASAI II scheduled for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular or maxillary fractures Exclusion Criteria: a history of convulsion, gastrodudenal ulcer hematological disorders patient suffering from hepatic or renal dysfunction concomitant use of anticoagulants refusal of the patients to participate patients younger than 12 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: piroxicam<br>piroxicam group who received induction with piroxicam(0.4mg/kg) IM | Drug: Piroxicam group<br>* patients will receive 0.4 mg/kg piroxicam IM<br>* Other names: piroxicam;|
| Sham Comparator: placebo<br>saline IM in the same dose of piroxicam | Drug: Placebo<br>* saline IM in the same dose of piroxicam<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| rescue dose of analgesic | patients needed additional doses of rescue analgesic | 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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piroxicam, VAS, fractures