Breathing and Core Stability Exercise Effects on Lumbopelvic Pain

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Lumbopelvic pain refers to self-reported pain in areas of lower region, anterior and posterior pelvic tilt or combination of these. Physical therapy interventions used are breathing exercises with and without core stability exercises. Tool used were Pain Pressure Algometer and Oswestry Disability Index.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Lumbopelvic pain is self-reported pain. It is common complaint for women after labour, and it is found that 25% of newly delivered women experienced low back and pelvic pain. Different interventions have been used to reduce the lumbopelvic pain in general including exercises, drugs, therapies and massage. An increasingly common approach used within physical therapy management are breathing exercises and core stabilization exercises. This study will used to compare the effects of breathing exercises with and without core stability exercise. Pre-assessment will be done using oswestry disability index as subjective measurement and pain pressure algometer as objective measure.

Official Title
-----------------
Effects of Breathing Exercises With and Without Core Stability Exercises on Pain Pressure Threshold and Disability in Postpartum Females With Lumbopelvic Pain

Conditions
-----------------
Breathing Sound, Low Back Pain, Post-operative Pain, Pelvic Pain

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: traditional physical therapy
* Other: core stability exercises


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Women had parity (2-4) times Body mass index that did not exceed 30 Kg/m Lumbopelvic pain at least three months until one year postpartum Exclusion Criteria: They were pregnant Had systemic inflammatory diseases Prolapsed disc Neuromuscular disorder

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Traditional physical therapy<br>breathing exercises | Other: traditional physical therapy<br>* breathing exercises 10 repetitions, 1set, 3 days/week and targeted abdominal muscles. Total 6 sessions were given each consisting of 30 minutes.<br>|
| Experimental: Core stability exercise<br>core stability exercise along with breathing exercises and pain pressure algometer is used | Other: core stability exercises<br>* core stability along with breathing exercise 10 repetitions, 1set, 3 days/week and targeted core muscles. Total 6 sessions were given consisting of 30 minutes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oswestry disability index | Changes from base line Oswestry disability index was developed first by Fairbank et al. It was designed to measure the back pain and disability over time. It consists of 10, five parts sections. At the end, score is calculated by dividing the obtained score by total (50) multiplied by 100. As the driving section in all the female patients, total score was considered as 45 instead of 50. | 6th week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Pressure Algometer | Changes from base line Pain Pressure Algometer was developed first by Baba et al. The pressure algometer has linear response to force application between 0 and 1,300 kilopascal. | 6th week | 
| ROM Back region (flexion) | Changes from the Baseline ROM range of motion of back region flexion was taken. | 6th week | 
| ROM Back region (extension) | Changes from the baseline ROM range of motion of back region extension was taken. | 6th week | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
breathing exercises, low back pain, post-partum pain, lumbopelvic pain