An fMRI Study of Satiation in Healthy Volunteers.

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
To our knowledge no study has assessed the effects of a meal on neural responses to food cues and compared this with a condition simulating natural inter-meal hunger levels. This is important, as the existing literature often compares the effect of fasting to satiation, which may not reflect typical appetite processes. Thus, the purpose of this research was to examine the effect of a satiating lunch compared to a normal pre-meal state on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activity in the human brain, as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Detailed Description
-----------------
We hypothesized that satiation would be associated with decreased brain activity across brain regions involved in both appetite and reward such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum, hypothalamus, insula, amygdala and hippocampus. 16 healthy participants (8 males) were scanned on two separate test days, before and after eating a meal to satiation, or after not eating for 4 hours (satiated vs. pre-meal). fMRI BOLD signals to the sight and/or taste of the stimuli were recorded. Participants were given questionnaires to complete about their mood state and appetite before and after all scans.

Official Title
-----------------
Satiation Attenuates BOLD Activity in Brain Regions Involved in Reward and Increases Activity in an Inhibitory Control Area: an fMRI Study in Healthy Volunteers.

Conditions
-----------------
Appetite

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Satiated / Pre-meal
* Device: MRI


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Healthy volunteers Sufficiently fluent in English to understand the task and the instructions Exclusion Criteria: Currently taking medication Past or current depression/dieting, Smokers Food allergies Diabetes Pregnancy BMI score outside the normal range Any contraindications to fMRI scanning (e.g. pacemakers, mechanical heart valve, hip replacement, metal implants)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Scanning<br>Repeated measures: Satiation scan + Pre-meal scan All participants undertook both scans | Other: Satiated / Pre-meal<br>* All participants were scanned before and after not being fed (pre-meal), and before and after being given a satiating lunch (satiated).<br>Device: MRI<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Activation differences between satiated and pre-meal scan fMRI BOLD signal |  | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
fMRI, reward, satiation