Intensified Dosing of Cellcept (Mycophenolate Mofetil) in Kidney Transplantation

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The primary objective of this study is to determine whether 4 grams daily of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) results in a greater proportion of individuals adequately exposed as measured by drug levels (area under the curve of > 40 mg*hr/L).

Detailed Description
-----------------
Several studies have shown that early exposure to adequate levels of immunosuppression are required to reduce acute rejection rates in kidney transplantation.(1, 2) Our center has shown that early exposure of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF or Cellcept) is associated with acute rejection rates and that many patients are underexposed in the early transplant period.(2) In a recently completed multicenter Canadian (CLEAR) study we found that higher doses of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF 3 grams daily versus 2 grams daily) were associated with better early exposure by day 5 and that this was associated with less rejection but no increase in toxicity.(3) The best cut point that discriminated between low and high rejection rates was a mycophenolic acid (MPA) 12 hour area under the curve (AUC) of 40 mg*hr/L. Patients below this level experienced rejection rates of 50% compared to <16% for those above this level. Even with the higher dose 26% of subjects were inadequately exposed. Since medication adjustments based on drug levels is hampered by steady state conditions and the turn around time of MPA testing we are interested in exploring even higher initial doses of MMF with the aim to maximize the numbers of patients achieving adequate early exposure to MPA. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine whether 4 gms daily of MMF results in a greater proportion of individuals adequately exposed as measured by a day 5 MPA AUC of >40 mg*hr/L. The secondary objectives of this study are to assess the ability of this strategy to achieve target MPA AUC exposure of 40-60 mg*hr/L by day 14 and to determine the distribution of MMF doses that are necessary to achieve this level of exposure. Safety data (hemoglobin and WBC counts, need for further dose changes based on gastrointestinal intolerance, acute rejection, renal function, and wound infection) will be also collected over the first 3 months post transplantation.

Official Title
-----------------
Intensified Dosing of Cellcept in Kidney Transplantation Trial

Conditions
-----------------
Acute Rejection of Renal Transplant

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: mycophenolate mofetil


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Patients undergoing single organ kidney transplantation. Age > 18 years old. Patients who would normally receive our standard therapy of basiliximab, tacrolimus, MMF and steroids. All patients will be required to sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded if they require anti-thymocyte induction therapy, have documented gastroparesis, have known intolerance to MMF, or are prescribed cyclosporine. As a standard policy all women of childbearing age will be informed about the risks of all immunosuppressive drugs on fetal outcomes and will be required to use 2 forms of birth control.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: mycophenolate mofetil<br>mycophenolate mofetil 2000mg BID (4g/day) for 14 days, followed by mycophenolate 1000mg BID (2g/day) thereafter | Drug: mycophenolate mofetil<br>* High dose 4gms daily<br>* Other names: Cellcept;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adequate drug exposure. MPA AUC > 40 mg*hr/l |  | First two weeks - 14 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea). |  | First two weeks - 14 days | 
| Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and infection. |  | First two weeks - 14 days | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Renal transplantation, Adequate exposure, Acute rejection, mycophenolate mofetil, immunosuppression