Egg Consumption and Muscular Adaptations

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Eggs may be a viable alternative to various types of supplemental proteins given its similar ratings on various measures of dietary protein quality. The investigators hypothesis is that whole eggs would create a greater improvement in skeletal regulatory markers, hormonal responses and body composition than egg white ingestion in resistance-trained men.

Detailed Description
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The aim of this investigation was to compare the effects of whole egg versus egg white ingestion (daily and after training sessions) during 12 weeks of resistance training on skeletal muscle regulatory markers, hormonal responses and body composition in resistance-trained men. Specific aims of the study are to: To investigate the extent to which both whole egg and egg white ingestion will improve anabolic factors, fat free mass, fat mass and decrease catabolic markers after 12 weeks of resistance training in resistance-trained men.

Official Title
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Comparison of Whole Eggs vs. Egg Whites Consumption on Regulatory Myokines, Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy, Power and Body Composition.

Conditions
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Hypertrophy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Whole egg and resistance training
* Dietary Supplement: Egg whites and resistance training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: performing resistance training at least three times a week for 1 year prior to the start of the study not taking any dietary supplements or medications for at least 1 year prior to the start of the study no known medical issues no alcohol consumption or smoking for at least 1 year prior to the start of the study no egg allergy/sensitivity. Exclusion Criteria: non-willingness to continue nutritional or exercise protocols participation in exercise other than the prescribed resistance training program consumption of dietary supplement (other than egg) during the study period Missing more than one resistance training session or post-exercise egg consumption throughout the study period

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Whole egg consumption<br>This arm involved whole egg consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested three whole eggs per day immediately after resistance training. | Dietary Supplement: Whole egg and resistance training<br>* This intervention consisted of whole egg consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested three whole eggs per day immediately after resistance training.<br>|
| Experimental: Egg whites consumption<br>This arm involved egg white consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested an isonitrogenous quantity of six egg whites per day immediately after resistance training. | Dietary Supplement: Egg whites and resistance training<br>* This intervention consisted of egg white consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested an isonitrogenous quantity of six egg whites per day immediately after resistance training.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Circulatory Myokines levels | Fasting blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein using standard procedures and then analized to establish concentration of myostatin, follistatin, FGF-2, TGF-β1 and ACVA. | 12 weeks | 
| Circulatory hormone levels | Fasting blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein using standard procedures and then analized to establish concentrations of testosterone, IGF-1, insulin and cortisol | 12 weeks | 
| Muscle mass | Skeletal muscle mass will be evaluated using computed tomography | 12 weeks | 
| Body fatness | Body fat will be evaluated using bioelectrical impedance | 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscular Strength | Using 1 repetition maximum | 12 weeks |