A Comparison of Supraglottic Airway Devices

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aimed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of LMA Supreme, LMA Classic and LMA Fastrach regarding ease of insertion, repositioning, insertion time, effects on hemodynamic parameters, provision of adequate and safe airway, and oropharyngeal and systemic complications.

Detailed Description
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As a result of studies regarding the provision of an airway which is less invasive than intubation but safer than mask to maintain patency of airway after anesthesia induction in brief surgical interventions, supraglottic airway devices have been introduced into practice. They are inserted to glottic entry via the oral route and can be used in emergent conditions where tracheal intubation and mask anesthesia are challenging. Classic LMA was first introduced by Archie Brain, MD in 1988, and consists of a mask with a surrounding inflatable bag compatible to the shape of the hypopharynx and a tube that has a 30° angle with a mask. Fastrach LMA ( LMA Fastrach: LMA North America. Inc. San Diego. CA) was first introduced in 1997 and has similar features to the LMA Classic, but it is designed to provide upper airway during intubation via blind intubation or fiberoptic assistance. It has a rigid handle that allows one-handed insertion, removal or adjustment. Supreme LMA, first introduced in April, 2007, is a novel, sterile, single use, new generation supraglottic airway device which provides more rapid and higher volume gas passage through airway and can be inserted in a rapid and safe manner because of the advanced cuff and airway tube. The integrated gastric canal facilitates gastric aspiration. Supraglottic airway devices seem to have advantages over each other in different aspects due to their distinct features. In literature, there are studies comparing various LMA types for different features. However, to best of our knowledge, there is no study comparing these 3 types of LMA regarding these parameter. This is the main point of difference of our study.

Official Title
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A Comparison of Supraglottic Airway Devices; Lma Classic, Lma Fastrach and Lma Supreme; a Prospective, Randomized, Clinical Trial of Efficacy, Safety and Complications

Conditions
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Airway Management

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: LMA CLASSIC
* Device: LMA FASTRACH
* Device: LMA SUPREME


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: normotensive patients with mouth aperture > 3 cm, thyromental distance > 6 cm, sternomental distance > 12.5 cm, body mass index < 35 kg m-2 were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: patients with ASA III-IV, those with a history of gastroesophageal reflux, pregnancy, cardiovascular and central nerve system disease, those with difficulty in cooperation, those undergoing intracranial, intraabdominal and Ear-nose-throat surgeries were excluded from study. None of the methods changed after commencement of the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: group LMA supreme<br>Patients who received Laryngeal Mask Airway; LMA supreme | Device: LMA SUPREME<br>* Supreme LMA is a novel, sterile, single use, new generation supraglottic airway device which provides more rapid and higher volume gas passage through airway and can be inserted in a rapid and safe manner.<br>|
| Active Comparator: group LMA classic<br>Patients who received Laryngeal Mask Airway; LMA classic | Device: LMA CLASSIC<br>* Classic LMA consists of a mask with a surrounding inflatable bag compatible to the shape of the hypopharynx and a tube that has a 30° angle with a mask.<br>|
| Active Comparator: group Fastrach<br>Patients who received Laryngeal Mask Airway; LMA fastrach | Device: LMA FASTRACH<br>* Fastrach LMA has similar features to the LMA Classic, but it is designed to provide upper airway during intubation via blind intubation or fiberoptic assistance. It has a rigid handle that allows one-handed insertion, removal or adjustment.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ease of insertion will be rated using a 4-point scale (4: success at the first attempt without tactile resistance; 3: success at the first attempt with tactile resistance; 2: success at the second attempt; 1: failure at the second attempt). |  | 1 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Composite measure of Hemodynamic parameters , change 20% from baseline in Mean Blood Pressure and Heart Rate |  | baseline and 1 month | 
| Number of Participants with oropharyngeal ( edema, haemorragie, blood in sputum) and systemic complications (anaflactic reactions) |  | 1 month | 
| Time to successful insertion time and effective airway [ time to observation of 3 consequtive correct End-Tidal CO2 (EtCO2 )waves after insertion ] defined as insertion time and was recorded. |  | 1 monyh | 
| Measure if the inserted device failed to provide adequate ventilation, the device position was changed within the oral cavity, which was then defined as repositioning |  | 1 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Laryngeal Masks