Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Study Of Accommodative State In Smartphone Abusers

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Detection if there is association between spasm of accommodation and smart phone abuse by ultrasound biomicroscopy on anterior segment of the eye

Official Title
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Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Study Of Accommodative State In Smartphone Abusers

Conditions
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Spasm of Accommodation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of anterior segment of the eye


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 18 - 35 year. Smart phone excessive use. Emmetrope and myope patients. Exclusion Criteria: Hypermetrope patients. Any form of tropia. Anterior segment diseases either congenital or acquired. Previous intraocular surgeries. Presbyopic subjects. Drugs induced spasm of accommodation: psychiatric drugs, pilocarpine, physostigmine, echothiophate, prostigmine, isoflurophate, muscarine, digitalis overdose and with sulphonamides CNS diseases : Neurosyphilis, Raeder paratrigeminal neuralgia syndrome, cyclic oculomotor palsy, pineal tumor, Chiari malformation, pituitary tumor, metabolic encephalopathy,

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| smartphone abusers<br>Auto refractometer without cycloplegia Uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR conversion). Anterior segment slit lamp examination UBM examination settings :Supine decubitus position.5150 Vumax (Sonomed, USA) under standard illumination Parameters that will be measured: corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, angle to angle distance, cornea-posterior capsular lens distance, lens thickness, pupillary diameter, angle of anterior champer and trabecular-ciliary process distance. Cycloplegic refraction UBM examination will be repeated after cycloplegia with the same settings. The patients found to have spasm of accommodation will be subjected to ways to relief the spasm of accommodation and repetition of UBM if possible | Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of anterior segment of the eye<br>* 5150 Vumax (Sonomed, USA) under standard illumination<br>* Other names: UBM;|
| smartphone non users<br>Auto refractometer without cycloplegia Uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR conversion). Anterior segment slit lamp examination UBM examination settings :Supine decubitus position.5150 Vumax (Sonomed, USA) under standard illumination Parameters that will be measured: corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, angle to angle distance, cornea-posterior capsular lens distance, lens thickness, pupillary diameter, angle of anterior champer and trabecular-ciliary process distance. Cycloplegic refraction UBM examination will be repeated after cycloplegia with the same settings. The patients found to have spasm of accommodation will be subjected to ways to relief the spasm of accommodation and repetition of UBM if possible | Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound Biomicroscopy of anterior segment of the eye<br>* 5150 Vumax (Sonomed, USA) under standard illumination<br>* Other names: UBM;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference in objective refraction measured before and after cycloplegia | diopter | 40-60 minutes after instillation of cycloplegic drop |