Daily Physical Activity After Meals -Long Term Effects on Blood Glucose

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The postprandial blood glucose concentration is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Previous studies have shown that one bout of moderate or light post-meal physical activity effectively blunts the postprandial increase in blood glucose after carbohydrate intake. Pre-meal exercise does not generate such effect. Thus, the effect of exercise on postprandial glycemia depend on the timing of exercise. Even very light physical activity decreases postprandial glycemia when performed in the postprandial period. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether such activity performed each day for 12 weeks would influence blood variables related to glycemic control. METHODS 40 subjects being ethnic Norwegians or of South Asian origin were randomized into an intervention or a control group. They were previously diagnosed as hyperglycemic, or with high risk of type 2 diabetes according to Ramachandran's risc score. Control subjects were told to maintain their usual physical activity patterns during the study period, while the intervention subjects were instructed to undertake a minimum of 30 minutes of daily post-meal physical activity in addition to their usual activity patterns. Venous blood samples were taken before and after the 12 week intervention period. Plasma was analyzed for HbA1c and for fasting and 2hour (OGTT) values of glucose, insulin and c-peptide. The subjects kept a physical activity diary, answered questionnaires and used accelerometers to determine the level of physical activity.

Official Title
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Daily Physical Activity After Meals -Long Term Effects on Blood Glucose

Conditions
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Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose Related Variables

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Postprandial physical activity


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Hyperglycemia or high risk of type 2 diabetes due to Ramachandrans risk score Exclusion Criteria: Use of hypoglycemic agents and conditions directly affecting blood glucose other than hyperglycemia per s.e. / diabetes type 2
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control<br>maintain usual physical activity patterns | |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Addition of daily postprandial physical activity in addition to usual activity patterns | Behavioral: Postprandial physical activity<br>* Adding a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity starting maximum 30 minutes after the last meal daily<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Hba1c |  | Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Fasted glucose |  | Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in 2hour glucose | Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) | Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in glucose during OGTT | glucose measured by finger sticks every 15. minute during the 2hour oral glucose tolerance test | Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Physical fitness measured as heart rate during an exercise test | Heart rate measured at the end of 10 minutes ergometer cycle test an given intensity (low) to moderate intensity) | Measured pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Physical fitness measured as oxygen consumption during an exercise test | measured at the end of 10 minutes ergometer cycle test an given intensity (low) by indirect calorimetry | Measured pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Physical fitness measured as respiratory exchange rate during an exercise test | Measured at the end of 10 minutes ergometer cycle test an given intensity (low), by indirect calorimetry | Measured pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Physical fitness measured as perceived exertion during an exercise test | Borg RPE scale measured at the end of 10 minutes ergometer cycle test an given intensity (low) | Measured pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Physical fitness measured as lactic acid during an exercise test | measured at the end of 10 minutes ergometer cycle test an given intensity (low) from capillary blod from a finger stick | Measured pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Total cholesterol |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in LDL cholesterol |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in HDL cholesterol |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in triglycerides |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in body weight |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in waist circumference |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Blood pressure |  | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks | 
| Change in Quality of life | Quality of life measured by SF36 | Measured Pre and post intervention which lasts an average of 12 weeks |