Determinants of Post-Exercise Eating Patterns

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study examines potential physiological and psychological determinants of food intake in response to exercise. Specifically, beyond measuring actual food consumption and physiological markers typically assessed during exercise and appetite work (i.e. appetite hormones, blood glucose), the investigators wish to investigate the influence of individual behavioural differences (attitudes towards eating, licensing/compensatory health beliefs, self-regulation, and exercise-associated motivation) on the relationship between exercise and eating behaviour.

Official Title
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Determinants of Post-Exercise Eating Patterns / Alternative Title (Cover): Effect of Pre-meal Activities on Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Exercise and Meal (EX)
* Behavioral: No-Exercise and Meal (NEX)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male Inactive (< 90 min of moderate-intensity exercise a week) BMI: 23 and above Age between 21 to 40 years Normal fasting blood glucose levels equal to or less than 5.9 mmol/L Non-smoker No know allergies or intolerance to food Not on any prescribed medication No physical disabilities and/or restrictions; not averse to exercising on a stationary bike or treadmill running No aversion to blood sampling procedures (e.g. finger prick, cannulation) Exclusion Criteria: Female, Smoker, Fasting blood glucose > 5.9 mmol/L, Resting blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg, Any major medical/health conditions including Diabetes, Metabolic disease Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Thyroid disorders, G6PD deficiency. Allergic or intolerant to foods presented in the study. Physical disabilities and/or restrictions. Individuals that are adverse to exercising on a stationary exercise bike or treadmill. Adverse to blood sampling procedures (i.e. cannulation, finger pricks, venepuncture).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The present study will be of a randomised counterbalanced repeated-measures (crossover) design. Each participant (n = 30) will complete four sessions; one initial screening session (remotely administered), one baseline/familiarisation session (first lab visit) and two subsequent experimental sessions (second and third lab visits). The two experimental sessions will follow a similar protocol, except that one condition will involve an exercise protocol before an ad-libitum meal (Exercise and Meal (EX) condition), and the other, a no-exercise period (rest) before an ad-libitum (NEX) control condition.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Exercise and Meal (EX)<br>The EX protocol will involve a 30 minute acute bout of high intensity intermittent exercise on a stationary exercise bike followed by an ad-libitum test meal. | Behavioral: Exercise and Meal (EX)<br>* 30 minute acute bout of high intensity intermittent exercise followed by ad-libitum meal<br>|
| Experimental: No-Exercise and Meal (NEX)<br>The NEX protocol will involve a 30 minute period of rest (to match the exercise period in EX) where participants will be provided a video/movie. Following this, participants will be provided ad-libitum access to a test meal (as per EX energy intake assessment protocol) | Behavioral: No-Exercise and Meal (NEX)<br>* 30 minute non-exercise period where participants will be watching a video/movie followed by ad-libitum meal<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ad-libitum amount of food consumed in response to experimental condition: exercise or rest (no exercise). | Participants' eating behaviour will be assessed by measuring the total amount of the test meal consumed in each experimental condition. The test meal will be provided ad-libitum (i.e. there will be non-restricted access) | 3 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Appetite-related blood hormone concentration in response to experimental conditions. | Venous blood will be sampled for the measurement of a range of appetite-related hormones including Active Ghrelin (pg/ml), Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (pg/ml), Pancreatic YY (PYY) (pg/ml), Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) (pg/ml), periodically through the experimental sessions. | 3 hours | 
| Metabolic blood variable concentration in response to experimental conditions | Venous blood will be sampled for the measurement of metabolic blood variables blood insulin (mmol/L) and blood glucose (mmol/L) periodically through the experimental sessions. | 3 hours | 
| Subjective ratings of hunger in response to experimental conditions | Self-reported subjective ratings of hunger will be assessed periodically through the experimental session. Assessed via 100-point visual analogue scales. | 3 hours | 
| Subjective ratings of satiation (fullness) in response to experimental conditions | Self-reported subjective ratings of satiation (fullness) will be assessed periodically through the experimental session. Assessed via 100-point visual analogue scales | 3 hours | 
| Subjective ratings of desire to eat in response to experimental conditions | Self-reported subjective ratings of desire to eat will be assessed periodically through the experimental session. Assessed via 100-point visual analogue scales | 3 hours | 
| Subjective ratings of prospective food consumption in response to experimental conditions | Self-reported subjective ratings of prospective food consumption will be assessed periodically through the experimental session. Assessed via 100-point visual analogue scales. | 3 hours | 
| Free-living energy intake (1 day post-experiment) in response to experimental conditions | 1 day free-living energy intake (self-report) | 1 day | 
| Free-living physical activity levels intake (1 day post-experiment) in response to experimental conditions | 1 day free-living physical activity levels (physical activity monitors) | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Appetite regulation, Eating behaviour, HIIT, Exercise