Glycemic Response of Bean-and-rice Meals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study uses a randomized, placebo-controlled experimental design consisting of 4 different test treatments matched on carbohydrate (CHO) content. The three beans are similar in their CHO content amount for ½ cup at  20 grams CHO. Each of the bean varieties will be served in a  ½ cup serving size with   ½ cup of plain steamed white rice (30 grams CHO) for a total of 50 grams of CHO per meal for each of the three test treatments. The 4th placebo or control treatment consists of   7/8 cup of rice alone, an amount consistent with the CHO content of the test meals. Most diabetic meal plans recommend no more than 45-60 grams of CHO per meal. Fifty grams of CHO is a standard amount for glycemic response testing in general. The investigators hypotheses were: The test meals containing the three bean types in combination with white rice will decrease the participants' glycemic response when eaten as part of a meal. The reduction in post-prandial glycemia will not differ between bean types in the elicited responses among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Detailed Description
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The 4 test treatments will be administered randomly on a different morning, at least one week apart. Participants will be required to consume the entire test treatment meal in 7 minutes while being observed. All test foods will be purchased from local markets. Capillary blood samples will be collected ( 50µl) at time 0 (fasting) and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes post-treatment (timing of the post-treatment blood draws started at time 0 [post-treatment], which is when the participant finishes consuming the treatment meal). Venous blood draws for insulin assessment will also be acquired at fasting and then every hour for the three hour study period. Anthropometric measures such as weight, height and waist circumference will be collected at screening and at the start of each test day. Thirteen hours before testing, participants will eat a control meal to reduce variation in glycemic responses on test days due to varying dietary intakes. This control meal will be selected by each participant before the start of the study. They will be provided a gift card to the chain restaurant to use to purchase their own meal. Since subjects serve as their own controls, the meals must be identical before each test draw. Participants will complete 24 hour recall food records the morning of each test day to provide information related to dietary protocol compliance.

Official Title
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Glycemic Response of Bean-and-rice Meals in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Conditions
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Blood Glucose, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Whole cooked beans with rice meals


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Eligible subjects will be between the ages of 35 and 75, have a body mass index value (BMI) between 22-40 kg/m2, be physician diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least six (6) months and currently controlling their blood glucose levels using dietary methods, exercise and/or through the use of oral hypoglycemic agents such as Metformin for at least three(3)months, and have an HbA1c <10%. Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria included: the presence of unresolved health issues (e.g. hypertension not controlled by medication), evidence of condition(s) that would influence the participant's ability to complete the study such as gastrointestinal disease, weight changes of ≥10% of the participants body weight within a 6 month period, women who are either pregnant or breastfeeding, allergy to beans or latex, an HbA1c level >10% at screening, and the inability to follow study protocol.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Cross-over study<br>beans and rice in a 50 gram carbohydrate dose | Other: Whole cooked beans with rice meals<br>* Three types of bean-and-rice meals all equal to 50 grams available CHO. Control treatment was 50 grams available CHO in the form of white rice alone.<br>* Other names: Bush Brothers & Company brand canned beans;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Net blood glucose changes over time | Capillary blood samples were collected via fingerstick using Safe-T-Fill® Lithium Heparin Mini Capillary Collection 125µl tubes (RAM Scientific, Yonkers, NY). Whole blood samples were analyzed for glucose content using the Yellow Springs Instrument Stat Plus Analyzer (YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, OH) immediately after blood collection. | fasting baseline glucose at time 0, then 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes postprandial | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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legumes, glycemic response, glucose, type 2 diabetes mellitus