Cycloplegia and Refractive Status

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Myopia is a public health problem, affecting the general population worldwide. The common modalities for correcting myopia include spectacles, contact lenses, and surgical procedures. Cycloplegic refraction is considered the gold standard for measuring refractive errors, especially in children. It has been well-established that generally myopia could be overestimated and hyperopia be underestimated if refraction was performed without cycloplegia.

Official Title
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Effect of Cycloplegia on the Refractive Status of Egyptian Children

Conditions
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Cycloplegia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Cycloplegics


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Myopia or Hyperopia or compound myopic astigmatism. Normal intra ocular pressure (IOP≤21 mmHg. Age > 2 years and < 10 years Exclusion Criteria: Unwilling to participate in the study. Previous ocular surgery Any diagnosed ocular disease History of ocular trauma Irregular astigmatism on corneal topography.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Cycloplegic refraction<br>All refractions were measured before and after cycloplegic addition to the eye. | Drug: Cycloplegics<br>* they are drugs that paralyze the ciliary muscles and cause relaxation of accommodation.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sphere of the eye | It means that the correction for nearsightedness or farsightedness is spherical, equal in all meridians of the eye. This indicates the amount of lens power, measured in diopters (D), prescribed to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. If the number appearing under this heading has a minus sign (-), you are nearsighted; if the number has a plus sign (+) or is not preceded by a plus sign or a minus sign, you are farsighted. It is measured by Auto-refractor | Baseline | 
| Sphere of the eye | It means that the correction for nearsightedness or farsightedness is spherical, equal in all meridians of the eye. This indicates the amount of lens power, measured in diopters (D), prescribed to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. If the number appearing under this heading has a minus sign (-), you are nearsighted; if the number has a plus sign (+) or is not preceded by a plus sign or a minus sign, you are farsighted. It is measured by Auto-refractor | Immediate after 30 minutes of cycloplegic addition | 
| cylinder of the eye | This indicates the amount of lens power for astigmatism and represents the difference in the greatest and weakest powers of the eye, usually separated by 90 degrees. If nothing appears in this column, either you have no astigmatism, or your astigmatism is so slight that it is not necessary to correct it with your eyeglass lenses. The number in the cylinder column may be preceded with a minus sign (for the correction of nearsighted astigmatism) or a plus sign (for farsighted astigmatism). Cylinder power always follows sphere power in an eyeglass prescription. It is measured by Autorefractor. | Baseline | 
| cylinder | This indicates the amount of lens power for astigmatism and represents the difference in the greatest and weakest powers of the eye, usually separated by 90 degrees. If nothing appears in this column, either you have no astigmatism, or your astigmatism is so slight that it is not necessary to correct it with your eyeglass lenses. The number in the cylinder column may be preceded with a minus sign (for the correction of nearsighted astigmatism) or a plus sign (for farsighted astigmatism). Cylinder power always follows sphere power in an eyeglass prescription. It is measured by Autorefractor | Immediate after 30 minutes after cycloplegia |