Home-based Visual-motor Training Program on Kindergarteners

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study aims to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the traditional and computerized home-based visual-motor training programs on at-risk kindergarteners.

Detailed Description
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The purpose of this project is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of home-based traditional visual-motor activities and tablet games on fine motor, visual perception, visuo-motor integration, handwriting performance, and adaptive behaviors of at-risk kindergarteners. At-risk kindergarteners will be randomized into the three groups: control, traditional, and tablet groups. In addition to regular early intervention, children in the traditional and tablet group will receive home-based visuo-motor training program with their parents. Children in the control group will only receive regular intervention during the study period.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of Home-based Visual-motor Training Programs on At-risk Kindergarteners

Conditions
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Developmental Delay, Preterm Children

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Traditional visual-motor training program
* Behavioral: Computerized visual-motor training program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Either visual perception or fine motor score below the norm average can follow instruction and complete the entire tests Exclusion Criteria: Visual or hearing problems that cannot be corrected to be normal A diagnosis of significant neurological, muscular, and skeletal system disorders (e.g., Cerebral palsy) A diagnosis of moderate or severe intellectual disabilities Taking medication to control seizure or improve learning abilities

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 6 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: pretest-posttest control group design
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control group<br>regular early intervention | |
| Experimental: Traditional visual-motor training program<br>traditional visual-motor training program plus regular early intervention | Behavioral: Traditional visual-motor training program<br>* Traditional visual-motor program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities<br>|
| Experimental: Computerized visual-motor training program<br>computerized visual-motor training program plus regular early intervention | Behavioral: Computerized visual-motor training program<br>* Computerized visual-motor training program includes tablet visual-motor games<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Fourth Edition (TVPS-4) | the change of visual-perceptual skills | baseline, after 12 weeks | 
| the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2) | the change of fine motor skills | baseline, after 12 weeks | 
| the Chinese Handwriting Test | the change of the Chinese handwriting performance | baseline, after 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Berry-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration- Forth Edition (VMI) | the change of VMI | baseline, after 12 weeks | 
| the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - Third Edition - Chinese Version (VABS-3-C) (Parents/Caregivers Edition)adaptive behavior | the change of adaptive behavior | baseline, after 12 weeks | 
| the test of Visual Perception of Chinese Characters | The change of visual perception of Chinese characters | baseline, after 12 weeks | 
| the Game Questionnaire | The questionnaire is designed to measure the difficulty, participation, and liking level of playing the training games using 5-point Likert scale from parental view after the completion of the games. | through study completion, an average of one week | 
| Parental Feedback Questionnaire | The questionnaire consists of a few open-ended questions which are designed to realize parental experience of participating the home-based visual-motor training program. | after 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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visual motor, kindergarten children, developmental delay