Smoking Cessation, Anxiety, Pain Relationship

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Smoking, anxiety and pain are clearly related conditions. We aimed to reveal the relationship between smoking cessation before surgery and preoperative anxiety, postoperative anxiety and pain in chronic smokers. METHODS ASA I-II group patients without chronic disease and history of drug use were included in the study. Those who did not want to participate in the study, patients with ASA III and above were excluded from the study. The patients were randomized into 2 groups: smokers (Group S, n = 60) and non-smokers (Group NS, n = 60). Group S was asked to quit smoking 2 weeks before the operation. Preoperative period and postoperative 0, 2, 4. And 6. hour Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) values, postop 0., 2., 4., 6. hour Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values were recorded.

Detailed Description
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it has been revealed in the current study that smoking, pain and anxiety are interrelated with each other. In the preoperative period, high anxiety scores are related to surgery and anesthesia stress. High anxiety scores in the smoker group both in the preoperative period and in the postoperative period are associated with smoking cessation. While the pain scores were similar in the postoperative period, high anxiety scores strengthened the idea of smoking withdrawal and this study gained value. We believe that future studies with a large number of patients, with different parameters and multiple centers will strengthen the results.

Official Title
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Preoperative Smoking Cessation, Preoperative Anxiety, Postoperative Anxiety and Pain Relationship

Conditions
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Smoking Cessation, Anxiety, Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The Relationship Between Preoperative Smoking Cessation, Anxiety, Pain


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: ASA I,II patients planned Rhinoplasti cases accepted participating study Exclusion Criteria: Patients with chronic systemic disorders, ASA III and above situation emergency and bleeding cases, patients with any cardiac and neurological disorders, refused to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Sham Comparator: smokers (S)<br> | Other: The Relationship Between Preoperative Smoking Cessation, Anxiety, Pain<br>* Preoperative anxiety high score suggests stress related to surgery and anesthesia. High anxiety scores independent of post-operative pain showed smoking withdrawal.<br>|
| Active Comparator: non smokers (NS)<br> | Other: The Relationship Between Preoperative Smoking Cessation, Anxiety, Pain<br>* Preoperative anxiety high score suggests stress related to surgery and anesthesia. High anxiety scores independent of post-operative pain showed smoking withdrawal.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anxiety | assesed with STAI form | 2 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pain scores | independent of anxiety, assesed with VAS scores | 2 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Smoking Cessation, anxiety, pain, VAS Scores, STAI Values