Early Development and Diagnostic Trajectories in DCD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to map the early development of children with DCD and the diagnostic trajectory in Flanders.

Detailed Description
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The Diagnostic and Statistical manual 5th edition (DSM-V) defines Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) as early-onset deficits in acquiring and executing motor coordination skills. These deficits significantly interfere with the performance of activities of daily living and impact on academic productivity, leisure and play. Although DCD can be identified during preschool, diagnosis generally occurs at primary-school age. Before the age of three (t.i. infancy), some parents already express something is wrong with their child albeit DCD is rarely diagnosed within this age-group. Knowledge on DCD in children before the age of five is limited. The aim of this study is twofold: to explore the early development of children with DCD and to map the diagnostic trajectory of DCD in Flanders. Design: A qualitative narrative inductive study design by means of audio-recorded in-depth interviews Sampling: Purposeful maximum variation sampling will be applied.

Official Title
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Early Development and Diagnostic Trajectories in the Child With DCD in Flanders

Conditions
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Developmental Coordination Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: In-depth parental interview
* Other: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Parent or guardian of a child diagnosed with DCD Diagnosis of DCD within the last two years Child was max. 12y of age at the moment of DCD diagnosis Exclusion Criteria: No severe diseases in early childhood greatly impacting development (cancer, severe accident,…) Diagnosis outside of Belgium
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| DCD Parents<br>An in-depth interview will be conducted of parents of a child with DCD. Parents will be asked to complete a Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). | Other: In-depth parental interview<br>* A semi-structurerd interview will be conducted of parents with a child diagnosed with DCD. The interview will be audio-recorderded. The audiofile will be transcribed ad-verbatim and analyzed using narrative analysis methods.<br>Other: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q)<br>* Parents will be asked to complete the DCD-Q. This will help us describe the sample.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Early Developmental characteristics of children with DCD during pregnancy (qualitative research) by means of an interview. | As we will conduct a qualitative narrative analysis of the interviews, no standardised measurement tools will be used. We will probe for the following fields of interest: - Pregnancy:(fetal movements, birth complications) | 20 interviews (duration: approximately 1.5 to 2 hours) starting from january 2019 to december 2020 | 
| Early Developmental characteristics of children with DCD during toddlerhood (qualitative research) by means of an interview. | As we will conduct a qualitative narrative analysis of the interviews, no standardised measurement tools will be used. We will probe for the following fields of interest: - Todderhood (feeding, cyring, sleeping, milestones, behavior, play) | 20 interviews (duration: approximately 1.5 to 2 hours) starting from january 2019 to december 2020 | 
| Early Developmental characteristics of children with DCD (preschooler) (qualitative research) by means of an interview. | As we will conduct a qualitative narrative analysis of the interviews, no standardised measurement tools will be used. We will probe for the following fields of interest: - Preschooler (interests, motor activities, behavior, friends, fatigue, communication, play) | 20 interviews (duration: approximately 1.5 to 2 hours) starting from january 2019 to december 2020 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diagnostic trajectories of children with DCD in Flanders by means of an interview. | As we will conduct a qualitative narrative analysis of the interviews, no standardised measurement tools will be used. We will probe for the following field of interest: Did parents/creche/family/friends/school express concerns which have led to seeking advice/help? Which concerns? Which advises or what help did parents receive from who? What did they do with them? Which caregivers did they consult? What were the results/advices? Who diagnosed the child with DCD? Who was involved? Which elements led to the diagnosis of DCD? We will map the trajectories leading to a diagnosis of DCD in Flanders. | 20 interviews (duration: approximately 1.5 to 2 hours) starting from january 2019 to december 2020 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Early Development, Diagnostic trajectory, Parental report, Qualitative study