Observational, Prospective Clinical Study to Evaluate Biomarkers as Indicators of Acute Bacterial or Viral Infections

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is an observational prospective study of an in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) assay planned to enroll 632 subjects. The study will be conducted in two stages: Stage A is aimed at identifying individual biomarkers and constructing a multi-parametric diagnostic model, whereas Stage B is aimed at testing the multi-parametric diagnostic model using a fresh cohort of patients. A collection of clinical, radiological and laboratory data will be gathered in order to establish a final diagnosis. Blood samples will be analyzed and the levels of approximately 700 and 250,000 biomarkers will be determined using immunoassays and molecular measurements respectively. A final diagnosis will be determined based on a majority decision of a panel of three or more independent physicians. Based on the final diagnosis, the accuracy of individual biomarkers and combined sets of biomarkers for differentiating between distinct groups of patients will be evaluated.

Official Title
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Observational, Prospective Study to Evaluate Biomarkers as Indicators of Bacterial or Viral Infection During Acute Infectious Diseases

Conditions
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LRTI, UTI, Gastroenteritis, Systemic Infections/Bacteremia/Meningitis, Fever Without Source

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who are at least one month old and are willing (either the subject or his legal guardian) to sign an informed consent will be eligible for inclusion. For the infectious and non-infectious disease groups, additional inclusion criteria have to be met. These will include: In the Infectious disease group: Peak fever >37.5°C (99.5°F) Clinical suspicion of an acute infectious disease Symptoms duration ≤ 12 days In the Non-infectious disease control group: - A non-infectious disease or healthy individuals Exclusion Criteria: Patients who will meet one or more of the following criteria will be excluded from the study: Evidence of another episode of acute infectious disease in the last two weeks Diagnosed congenital immune deficiency (CID) Current treatment with immunosuppressive therapy such as: Active chemotherapy,Post-transplant drugs,High dose steroids (>1 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent). Active radiotherapy Immune-modulating/suppressive drugs including monoclonal antibodies, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), cyclosporine, and anti-TNF agents Current treatment with immune stimulants such as: Interleukin (IL)-2, Granulocyte-Monocytes/Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM/G-CSF),Interferon. An active hematological malignancy A diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disease A proven or suspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Month

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The sensitivity and specificity of a multi-parametric diagnostic assay in differentiating between bacterial and viral etiology in patients with an acute infectious disease | We will evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multi-parametric diagnostic model, incorporating up to five different blood bio-markers in differentiating between bacterial and viral etiology in patients with an acute infectious disease. | 0-10 days after the initiation of symptoms | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The sensitivity and specificity of individual biomarkers in differentiating between bacterial and viral etiology in patients with an acute infectious disease | We will evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of individual bio-markers in differentiating between bacterial and viral etiology in patients with an acute infectious disease. | 0-10 days after the initiation of symptoms | 
| The sensitivity and specificity of a multi-parametric assay in differentiating between mixed (bacterial and viral co-infection) and pure viral infections in patients with an acute infectious disease | We will evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multi-parametric diagnostic assay incorporating up to five different blood bio-markers, in differentiating between mixed infection(bacterial and viral co-infection) and pure viral infection in patients with an acute infectious disease. | 0-10 days after the initiation of symptoms |