Is There an Interaction Between Recurrent Miscarriage and Dental Health

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Oral infections can trigger the production of pro-inflammatory mediators that may be risk factors for miscarriage. The investigators investigated whether oral health care patterns that may promote or alleviate oral inflammation were associated with the history of miscarriage in Turkish women.

Detailed Description
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Power analysis was performed with the G-Power software package to determine sample size. To cover possible data loss, 10% of a group were added to each group. Medical and dental examination will be performed both of control and experimental groups. In dental examination decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) index will be used according to World Health Organization (WHO 1997) criteria. All teeth were visually using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II). To analyze the correlation between oral health status and miscarriage linear regression test and for comparison of both the groups (case and control), two sample t test and chi square test were used.

Official Title
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Dental Health in Recurrent Miscarriage

Conditions
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Oral Health, Miscarriage

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: miscarriage


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: history of at least two unexplained recurrent miscarriage below 20th week of pregnancy systemically healthy females with at least two normal births no poor obstetric history such as preeclampsia and premature birth Exclusion Criteria: history of thyroid disease, hyperprolactinemia, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune diseases, thrombophilia, diabetes mellitus, uterine/cervical abnormalities, polycystic ovary syndrome, active liver disease, cardiovascular disease, premature ovarian failure, acute or chronic upper respiratory tract diseases, IVF pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, arterial or venous embolism, infection, habit of smoking, alcohol, drug or caffeine, abnormal embryo karyotype, infection with hepatitis B or C, and HIV, chromosomal abnormalities, dental fluorosis, fluoride supplements, orthodontic appliances, body mass index ≥ 30 kg / m2 age of the partner is found to be over 40

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| miscarriage<br>Patients were aged from 18 to 35 years, 50 females who have history of at least two unexplained recurrent miscarriage below 20th week of pregnancy | Other: miscarriage<br>* (ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH® OP300 PANORAMIC, Instrumentarium Dental, Tuusula, Finland,63 kVp, 0.8 mA, 0.5 s).<br>* Other names: Intraoral and Radiographic Dental Examination;|
| healthy<br>50 systemically healthy females with at least two normal births and no poor obstetric history such as preeclampsia and premature birth | Other: miscarriage<br>* (ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH® OP300 PANORAMIC, Instrumentarium Dental, Tuusula, Finland,63 kVp, 0.8 mA, 0.5 s).<br>* Other names: Intraoral and Radiographic Dental Examination;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| recurrent miscarriage | If abortion material is obtainable, it will be genetically evaluated for chromosomal abnormalities. At least 8 weeks after termination of pregnancy, karyotype analysis of both couples and thrombophilia panel ( Factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene mutation G20210A, protein S/Protein C/antithrombin deficiency and MTHFR mutations) in the study group will be requested. | below 20th week of pregnancy | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dental Examination | All teeth were visually using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II). The chosen sites were recorded as: 0 = sound; = first visible sign of noncavitated lesion seen only when the tooth is dried; = visible noncavitated lesion seen when wet and dry; = microcavitation in enamel; = noncavitated lesion extending into dentine seen as an undermining shadow; = small cavitated lesion with visible dentine: less than 50% of surface; = large cavitated lesions with visible dentine in more than 50% of the surface. | 1 Day | 
| Periodontal Examination | A single calibrated examiner measured probing depth-PD, 0: healthy bleeding calculus 3:3.5-5.5 mm 4: over 5.5 mm | 1 Day | 
| Clinical attachment level | A single calibrated examiner measured clinical attachment level- CAL, 0: 0-3 mm 1:4-5 mm 2:6-8 mm 3:over 8mm 4: 9-11 mm 5: over 12 mm | 1 Day | 
| Plaque Examination | A single calibrated examiner measured plaque (Pl) 0:no plaque A film of plaque soft deposit s within the gingival pocket Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket | 1 Day | 
| Gingival Examination | A single calibrated examiner measured gingival indices (GI) 0= Normal gingiva; Mild inflammation Moderate inflammation Severe inflammation | 1 Day | 
| Bleeding Examination | A single calibrated examiner measured bleeding on probing (BOP) 0: no bleeding 1: bleeding | 1 Day |