Effects of Artificial Sweetener on Gastrointestinal (GI) Peptide Secretion

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of artificial sweeteners (aspartame, acesulfame K, sucralose) and carbohydrate sugars (glucose, fructose) on the release of gastrointestinal satiety hormones in humans.

Detailed Description
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Artificial Sweeteners significantly lower energy density of foods and beverages. They are used by diabetics as sugar substitutes as well as by consumers as aids for dietary control. Despite numerous studies which show mainly no influence of artificial sweeteners on glucose metabolism and food intake, discrepancies consist about the real effects of artificial sweeteners. Studies by Blundell and Hill in 1986 have however shown that the consumption of artificial sweeteners resulted in an increase of appetite ratings; the efficiency of AS has therefore been questioned. With respect to the world wide increase in the prevalence in obesity, it seems important to clarify whether artificial sweeteners can help regulate body weight or not. This study will explore the effect of artificial sweeteners on the release of the gastrointestinal satiety hormones PYY, GLP-1, GIP and ghrelin.

Official Title
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Carbohydrates and Non Caloric Sweeteners: Differential Effects on Appetite and Secretion of Gastrointestinal Satiety Peptide

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Artificial sweeteners; Carbohydrate Sugars
* Dietary Supplement: Water


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy subject with a body-mass index of 19.0-24.5 Normal eating habits Age 18-40 years Stable body weight for at least three months Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Substance abuse Regular intake of medications (except for oral contraceptives) Medical or psychiatric illness history of gastrointestinal disorders food allergies

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Acesulfame K<br> | Dietary Supplement: Artificial sweeteners; Carbohydrate Sugars<br>* sweetening agent dissolved in tap water, administered via intragastric tube<br>|
| Active Comparator: Sucralose<br> | Dietary Supplement: Artificial sweeteners; Carbohydrate Sugars<br>* sweetening agent dissolved in tap water, administered via intragastric tube<br>|
| Active Comparator: Aspartame<br> | Dietary Supplement: Artificial sweeteners; Carbohydrate Sugars<br>* sweetening agent dissolved in tap water, administered via intragastric tube<br>|
| Active Comparator: Glucose<br> | Dietary Supplement: Artificial sweeteners; Carbohydrate Sugars<br>* sweetening agent dissolved in tap water, administered via intragastric tube<br>|
| Active Comparator: Fructose<br> | Dietary Supplement: Artificial sweeteners; Carbohydrate Sugars<br>* sweetening agent dissolved in tap water, administered via intragastric tube<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Water<br> | Dietary Supplement: Water<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gastrointestinal peptide secretion |  | 2 hour blood sampling | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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PYY, satiety peptides, GLP-1, ghrelin, appetite profile, Sweetening Agents