A Working Memory Training to Decrease Rumination in Depressed and Anxious Individuals

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Dysfunctioning executive functioning, including working memory (WM), is related to rumination. Findings show that working memory capacity (WMC) can be increased by training. The current study explored by means of a double-blind randomized controlled trial whether an adaptive WM training could reduce rumination, anxiety and depression in a sample of 98 depressed and anxious individuals.

Official Title
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A Working Memory Training to Decrease Rumination in Depressed and Anxious Individuals: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Major Depression, Anxiety Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Working memory training
* Behavioral: Placebo training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Major depression diagnosis Anxiety diagnosis Exclusion Criteria: Current psychosis Substance abuse

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 67 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo working memory training<br> | Behavioral: Placebo training<br> <br> |
| Experimental: Working memory training<br> | Behavioral: Working memory training<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) score from pre to post training and after two months (follow up 2) | Dutch version; Raes, Hermans, & Eelen, 2003) measures the frequency of self-reported rumination behavior, with answer options ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (always). The total score of the 22 items was used in the analyses. | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II) score from pre to post training and after two months (follow up 2) | The Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Dutch version: Van der Does, 2002) measures the severity of depression symptoms of the last two weeks. | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | 
| Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score from pre to post training and after two months (follow up 2) | The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983, Dutch version; Van der Ploeg, Defares, & Spielberger, 1979) measures self-reported anxiety, divided in state anxiety and trait anxiety. | Pre training (baseline), post training (4 weeks after baseline, training starts 1 day after baseline) and follow-up (2 months after post-test) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Rumination, Working memory, Anxiety, Depression, Working memory training, Overgeneral memories