Post-exercise Hypotension After a Power Training Session in Older Adults With Hypertension

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a power training session on office and 24h ambulatory blood pressure in older adults with hypertension. As secondary outcomes, the investigators compared post-exercise hypotension, BP variability, and endothelial function between older men and women with hypertension. The working hypothesis was that a single bout of power exercise would decrease both office and 24 h BP in comparison to a non-exercising control session and men and women would respond differently after a power training session.

Detailed Description
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Participants randomly performed two experimental sessions: power exercise training (PT) and non-exercising control at seated rest (Con). They maintained their current antihypertensive medications throughout the trial. Each session was composed of 20 min of rest in the supine position, 40 min of PT or Con protocols, and 60 min of rest in supine position after protocols. The PT was composed of 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions of 5 exercises performed in the following order: leg press, bench press, knee extension, upright row, and knee flexion, using an intensity corresponding to 50 % of 1-RM and two-minute intervals between sets and exercises. The concentric phase of exercises during each repetition was performed as fast as possible while the eccentric phase lasted 1-2 seconds. During the Con, the participants remained seated rest on the same exercise machines, but without any exercise. Standardized office BP was performed before and during the first hour (in intervals of 15 min) after exercise and control sessions. Together with the office BP evaluation in the pre and post sessions, the endothelium-dependent brachial vascular function was evaluated using Flow-mediated dilation. Afterwards, participants underwent 24h ambulatory BP monitoring..

Official Title
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Effect of a Power Training Session on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Older Adults With Hypertension: a Randomized Crossover Trial

Conditions
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Hypertension

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Power Training Session


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Office blood pressure between 130-179 and 80-110 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively; Non-engaged in structured programs of exercise for the last 3 months since the beginning of this study; Able to perform the proposed exercises. Exclusion Criteria: Underlying cardiovascular disease previously diagnosticated by a doctor, occurred in the last 24 months, such as: acute myocardial infarction, angina, stroke or heart failure; Diseases that reduce life expectancy; Smokers and ex-smokers for less than six months; BMI > 39.9 kg/m² diabetic proliferative retinopathy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A randomized controlled clinical trial with crossover design was performed in order to evaluate the effect of a power training session on office and 24h ambulatory blood pressure in older adults with hypertension.
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control session<br>Control session without any exercise. The participants remained in seated rest throughout 40 min | |
| Experimental: Power Training Session<br>The power training session lasted 40 min, in which the participants performed a resistance exercise session using high velocity contractions during the exercises characterizing a power training session | Behavioral: Power Training Session<br>* 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions of 5 exercises performed in the following order: leg press, bench press, knee extension, upright row, and knee flexion, using an intensity corresponding to 50 % of 1-RM and two-minute intervals between sets and exercises. The concentric phase of exercises during each repetition was performed as fast as possible while the eccentric phase lasted 1-2 seconds.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring | Mean 24-h, day-time, night-time of blood pressure in mmHg will be assessed after each experimental session (power training session and control session) | 24 hours after control and power training exercise session | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Office Systolic Blood Pressure | Systolic blood pressure in mmHg will be measured using automatic oscillometric before and after each experimental session throughout one hour | 60 minutes after control and power training exercise session | 
| Office Diastolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg will be measured using automatic oscillometric before and after each experimental session throughout one hour | 60 minutes after control and power training exercise session | 
| Endothelial Function | Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) assessed through high resolution ultrasonography before and after each experimental session throughout one hour | 60 minutes after control and power training exercise session | 
| Blood Pressure Variability | Systolic and diastolic BP values obtained in the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, with valid measures included in a programmed software to calculate the average real variability of these measures. | 24 hours after control and power training exercise session | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exercise, Aging, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring, Power Exercise