Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of a Cross-shaped Incision Technique

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To evaluate a cross-shaped incision technique to thick-gingiva and thin-gingiva patients treated with implant-supported fixed prosthesis.

Detailed Description
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Objective: To evaluate a cross-shaped incision technique to thick-gingiva and thin-gingiva patients treated with implant-supported fixed prosthesis. Methods and Materials: 55 patients received cross-shaped incision were assigned into thick-gingiva group (29 cases) and thin-gingiva group (26 cases). Follow-up examination was carried out 3 and 12 months after final restoration. Clinical and radiographic evaluation including gingival papilla height, modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, periodontal depth, and crestal marginal bone level were utilized.

Official Title
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Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of a Cross-shaped Incision Technique to Thick-gingiva and Thin-gingiva Patients Treated With Implant-supported Fixed Prosthesis

Conditions
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Clinical and Radiographic Effect, Thick-gingiva, Implant, Thin Gingiva

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: The biotype of gingival


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Good general health, no chronic systemic diseases. All subjects included in this study needed to have one missing premolar or molar teeth with adjacent natural teeth. All subjects included in the study had been treated with one bone-level implant insertion in the premolar or molar region. Exclusion Criteria: Active periodontal infections. Heavy smoking habit (>10 cigarettes per day).
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| thick-gingiva group<br>After insertion of the probe into the facial aspect of the sulcus, the peri-implant biotype can be categorized as thick-gingiva (outline if the probe cannot be seen through the gingival) | |
| thin-gingiva group<br>After insertion of the probe into the facial aspect of the sulcus, the peri-implant biotype can be categorized as thin-gingiva (outline of the probe can be seen through the gingival) | Diagnostic Test: The biotype of gingival<br>* The biotype of gingival was also determined by periodontal probe.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| papilla height | Presence/absence of papilla height was assessed visually | Between June 2018 and June 2020. | 
| Modified Plaque Index (mPI) | plaque accumulation around the marginal peri-implant tissue was assessed | Between June 2018 and June 2020. | 
| Modified Sulcus Bleeding Index | the bleeding tendency of the marginal peri-implant tissue was evaluated | Between June 2018 and June 2020. | 
| Probing Depth (PD, in millimeters) | PD was assessed at the mid-buccal, mid-oral, mesial and distal aspects of each implant with a standard periodontal probe, and final value was determined by the average of four aspects | Between June 2018 and June 2020. | 
| Gingival margin level | Gingival margin level was assessed by calculating the vertical distance between the most apical point of gingival margin at the buccal aspect of the crown and line connecting the peak of the adjacent mesial and distal natural teeth | Between June 2018 and June 2020. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| first bone-implant contact (fBIC) and implant shoulder (IS) | the landmarks of first bone-implant contact (fBIC) and implant shoulder (IS) were used for measurements. fBIC-IS was defined as the vertical distance the first bone-implant contact to implant shoulder, and the distance was assessed at the mesial and distal aspect of implant, respectively. When the marginal crestal bone was located coronal to the IS, a positive (+) value was given, where a negative (-) value when located apically to the IS, the value was deemed as zero when IS and fBIC coincided. | Between June 2018 and June 2020. |