Induction and Recognition of Emotions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study evaluates the differences in cognitive function between healthy older adults, older adults with mild Alzheimer's type dementia and older adults with Parkinson's disease and if there are differences in valence assessment and activation that produce them a mood induction task. Subjects are assessed using neuropsychological tests and then a mood induction task based on movie clips is applied.

Detailed Description
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Different neuropsychological tests will be used to assess the differences in cognitive function in the different groups, whose scores are expected to be lower in the group of older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD). After studying the cognitive function in the different groups, we proceed to check through a task based on movie clips if there are also differences in the valence assessment (liking/disliking depending on the emotion induced by scenes from different films) and activation (excitement caused by each one of the movie scenes), hoping to find differences for the negative emotions taking into account the cognitive difficulties that both (the EA group and the EP group) may have for processing this type of cognitively more demanding information; instead, it is possible that the positivity effect continues to affect these patients so that for positive emotions there are no differences between the different groups.

Official Title
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Induction and Recognition of Emotions in Healthy Older Adults, Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease

Conditions
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Healthy Older Adults, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Mini Cognitive Examination (MCE)
* Diagnostic Test: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)
* Diagnostic Test: Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)
* Diagnostic Test: Memory alteration test (M@T)
* Diagnostic Test: Spanish-Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC)
* Diagnostic Test: Barcelona test (BT)
* Diagnostic Test: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT)
* Diagnostic Test: Frontal assessment battery (FAB)
* Diagnostic Test: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)
* Diagnostic Test: Auto-Assessment Manikins (SAM)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: For the group of healthy older adults: MEC score greater than 26 points. GDS between 1 and 3. For the mild EA group: MEC score between 18 and 23 points. GDS between 3 and 4. For the EP group: MEC score greater than 23 points. GDS between 1 and 3. FAB score equal to or less than 11 points. General Exclusion Criteria: Participants cannot have: Significant asymptomatic neurovascular disease History of previous symptomatic stroke Alcohol or drug abuse/dependence Severe psychiatric symptoms Depressive symptoms higher than mild

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Healthy older adults<br>Healthy older adults with 65 years or older | Diagnostic Test: Mini Cognitive Examination (MCE)<br>* This test provides information on temporal and spatial orientation, fixation, concentration and calculation, memory and language and construction.<br>Diagnostic Test: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)<br>* This test evaluates the absence or presence of depressive symptoms.<br>Diagnostic Test: Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)<br>* This scale measures the level of deterioration of the subject.<br>Diagnostic Test: Memory alteration test (M@T)<br>* In this test different memory subtypes are evaluated.<br>Diagnostic Test: Spanish-Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC)<br>* This test is used to assess immediate memory, deferred memory and learning ability.<br>Diagnostic Test: Barcelona test (BT)<br>* This test evaluates categorical evocation and verbal fluency. The categorical recall subtest consists of recalling the maximum number of words linked to a specific category animals in 1 minute. In the case of verbal fluency, the subject is asked to evoke the maximum number of words that begin with the letter p in 3 minutes.<br>Diagnostic Test: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT)<br>* In this test, the person must carefully copy a complex geometric drawing, which must be memorized later. The first part evaluates multiple cognitive processes such as planning, motor skills, working memory, and visual-constructive and spatial skills. In the second part, memory is evaluated.<br>Diagnostic Test: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)<br>* It is a self-report questionnaire made up of 20 items (10 of positive affect and another 10 of negative affect) that the subject must answer, obtaining in this way a score in positive affectivity (AP subscale) and another in negative affectivity (AN subscale).<br>Diagnostic Test: Auto-Assessment Manikins (SAM)<br>* It is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the emotional response of the subject, in this case, through a mood induction task that plays different films scenes.<br>|
| Older adults with Alzheimer's disease<br>Older adults with Alzheimer's disease with 65 years or older | Diagnostic Test: Mini Cognitive Examination (MCE)<br>* This test provides information on temporal and spatial orientation, fixation, concentration and calculation, memory and language and construction.<br>Diagnostic Test: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)<br>* This test evaluates the absence or presence of depressive symptoms.<br>Diagnostic Test: Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)<br>* This scale measures the level of deterioration of the subject.<br>Diagnostic Test: Memory alteration test (M@T)<br>* In this test different memory subtypes are evaluated.<br>Diagnostic Test: Spanish-Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC)<br>* This test is used to assess immediate memory, deferred memory and learning ability.<br>Diagnostic Test: Barcelona test (BT)<br>* This test evaluates categorical evocation and verbal fluency. The categorical recall subtest consists of recalling the maximum number of words linked to a specific category animals in 1 minute. In the case of verbal fluency, the subject is asked to evoke the maximum number of words that begin with the letter p in 3 minutes.<br>Diagnostic Test: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT)<br>* In this test, the person must carefully copy a complex geometric drawing, which must be memorized later. The first part evaluates multiple cognitive processes such as planning, motor skills, working memory, and visual-constructive and spatial skills. In the second part, memory is evaluated.<br>Diagnostic Test: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)<br>* It is a self-report questionnaire made up of 20 items (10 of positive affect and another 10 of negative affect) that the subject must answer, obtaining in this way a score in positive affectivity (AP subscale) and another in negative affectivity (AN subscale).<br>Diagnostic Test: Auto-Assessment Manikins (SAM)<br>* It is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the emotional response of the subject, in this case, through a mood induction task that plays different films scenes.<br>|
| Older adults with Parkinson's disease<br>Older adults with Alzheimer's disease with 65 years or older | Diagnostic Test: Mini Cognitive Examination (MCE)<br>* This test provides information on temporal and spatial orientation, fixation, concentration and calculation, memory and language and construction.<br>Diagnostic Test: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)<br>* This test evaluates the absence or presence of depressive symptoms.<br>Diagnostic Test: Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)<br>* This scale measures the level of deterioration of the subject.<br>Diagnostic Test: Memory alteration test (M@T)<br>* In this test different memory subtypes are evaluated.<br>Diagnostic Test: Spanish-Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC)<br>* This test is used to assess immediate memory, deferred memory and learning ability.<br>Diagnostic Test: Barcelona test (BT)<br>* This test evaluates categorical evocation and verbal fluency. The categorical recall subtest consists of recalling the maximum number of words linked to a specific category animals in 1 minute. In the case of verbal fluency, the subject is asked to evoke the maximum number of words that begin with the letter p in 3 minutes.<br>Diagnostic Test: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT)<br>* In this test, the person must carefully copy a complex geometric drawing, which must be memorized later. The first part evaluates multiple cognitive processes such as planning, motor skills, working memory, and visual-constructive and spatial skills. In the second part, memory is evaluated.<br>Diagnostic Test: Frontal assessment battery (FAB)<br>* This test is a composite tool for assessing executive functions related to the frontal lobe.<br>Diagnostic Test: Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)<br>* It is a self-report questionnaire made up of 20 items (10 of positive affect and another 10 of negative affect) that the subject must answer, obtaining in this way a score in positive affectivity (AP subscale) and another in negative affectivity (AN subscale).<br>Diagnostic Test: Auto-Assessment Manikins (SAM)<br>* It is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the emotional response of the subject, in this case, through a mood induction task that plays different films scenes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) | This test is evaluated on a maximum of 30 points. Participants with scores equal to or below 23 would be considered cognitively deficient. | 5-10 minutes | 
| Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) | In this test, a score of 0-13 indicates absence of depression, 14-19 mild depression, 20-28 moderate depression, and 29-63 severe depression. | 5-10 minutes | 
| Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) | This scale indicates seven possible stages: 1. Absence of Cognitive Deficit; 2. Very slight cognitive deficit; 3. Mild Cognitive Deficit; 4. Moderate cognitive deficit; 5. Moderately severe cognitive deficit; 6. Severe cognitive deficit; 7. Very severe cognitive deficit. | 30 minutes | 
| Memory alteration test (M@T) | This cognitive test is evaluated on a maximum of 50 points. The optimal cut-off point for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment of the amnesiac type from subjective memory complaints is 37 points. The optimal cut-off point for Alzheimer's disease is 31 points. | 5-10 minutes | 
| Spanish-Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC) | The evaluator reads a 16-word shopping list in five different essays and in each of them the evaluated person must mention those words that he or she remembers. After 20 minutes, the subject is asked to remember them again. | 30 minutes | 
| Barcelona test (BT) | In this test, the subject is considered to have a good categorical evocation when he is able to evoke more than 16 animals in 1 minute and a good verbal fluency when he is able to evoke more than 19 words beginning with p in 3 minutes. | 5 minutes | 
| Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) | The direct score (PD) in the copy of the Rey figure that would leave 50% of the population below is 30 points, while in the reproduction of the Rey figure from memory the PD that would leave 50% below of the population is 21 points. | 10 minutes | 
| Frontal assessment battery (FAB) | The maximum score to be obtained in this test is 18 points. To consider that the subject presents alterations in the frontal lobe and, therefore, altered executive functions, his score must be equal to or less than 11 points. | 10 minutes | 
| Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) | The final score of this scale is the sum of the 10 terms on the positive scale and the sum of the 10 terms on the negative scale, with the value assigned for the responses on the positive scale being positive and negative for the responses on the negative scale. | 10 minutes | 
| Auto-Assessment Manikins (SAM) | This questionnaire measures the valence (liking/disliking depending on the emotion induced by scenes from different movies), the arousal (excitement caused by each of the movie scenes) and mastery or emotional control (self-perception of the control exerted on the environment and the emotion itself). | 5-10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Mood induction, Healthy older adults, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Positive emotions, Negative emotions