Efficacy of Surgical Injection Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Lumbar spinal surgery is one of the operations performed for the treatment of leg and back pain. Severe pain may occur at postoperative period in patients following lumbar fusion surgery. The ultrasound(US) guided erector spina plan block (ESPB) is injected with a local anesthetic into the deep fascia of the erector spinae. Visualization of sonoanatomy with US is simple and the spread of local anesthetic solution can be seen easily the deep fascia of the erector spinae. In the literature, it has been reported that ESPB provides effective analgesia after lumbar spine surgery. The surgical team visualizes the transverse processes and erector spina muscle during surgery. The aim of this study is to compare US-guided ESPB and surgical infiltrative ESPB for postoperative analgesia management after lumbar spinal fusion surgery.

Detailed Description
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Lumbar spinal surgery is one of the operations performed for the treatment of leg and back pain. Severe pain may occur at postoperative period in patients following lumbar fusion surgery. Postoperative effective pain treatment provides early mobilization and shorter hospital stay, thus complications due to hospitalization such as infection and thromboembolism may be reduced. Parenteral opioids are generally preferred in the management of acute postoperative pain. However opioids have undesired adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, itching, sedation and respiratory depression (opioid-related adverse events). Regional anesthesia techniques may be preferred as the use of ultrasound (US) increases in daily anesthesia practice. The ultrasound(US) guided erector spina plan block (ESPB) is injected with a local anesthetic into the deep fascia of the erector spinae. Visualization of sonoanatomy with US is simple and the spread of local anesthetic solution can be seen easily the deep fascia of the erector spinae. In the literature, it has been reported that ESPB provides effective analgesia after lumbar spine surgery. The surgical team visualizes the transverse processes and erector spina muscle during surgery. The erector spina plane block can be performed by administering local anesthetic solution between the transverse process and the erector spina muscle. The aim of this study is to compare US-guided ESPB and surgical infiltrative ESPB for postoperative analgesia management after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. The primary aim is to compare perioperative and postoperative opioid consumption and the secondary aim is to evaluate postoperative pain scores (VAS), adverse effects related with opioids (allergic reaction, nausea, vomiting).

Official Title
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Efficacy of Surgical Injection Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block for Pain Management Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery

Conditions
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Lumbar Spine Instability, Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Lumbar Spine Degeneration

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Surgical ESPB
* Drug: US guided ESPB


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-II 2 or 3 levels of posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery under general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: history of bleeding diathesis receiving anticoagulant treatment known local anesthetics and opioid allergy infection of the skin at the site of the needle puncture pregnancy or lactation patients who do not accept the procedure

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: There are three models for this study. The first group is ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block group. The second one is surgical injection erector spinae plane block group. The third one is the no intervention control group.
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Group IE= Surgical Injection ESPB<br>Patients will be administered tenoxicam 20 mg IV every 12 hours in the postoperative period. A patient controlled device prepared with 5 mg/ ml tramadol will be attached to all patients with a protocol included 10 mg bolus without infusion dose, 20 min lockout time and 4 hour limit.Tenoxicam 20 mg and a dose of 100 mg tramadol intravenously will be performed to all patients 30 min before the end of the surgery for postoperative analgesia. | Drug: Surgical ESPB<br>* In group IE, transverse processes will be palpated before sewing the surgical incision by the surgery team. The local anesthetic solution will be administered after the needle contacts the transverse process and its location is confirmed by negative aspiration. Once the needle tip will be placed within the interfacial plane and after careful aspiration to rule out intravascular needle placement, 5 mL of solution will be injected the proper injection site. Local anesthetic solution will be injected at 4 levels along the surgical incision line. A dose of 0.25% bupivacaine 20 mL will be injected in each side (total 40 mL). Tenoxicam 20 mg and a dose of 100 mg tramadol intravenously will be performed to all patients 30 min before the end of the surgery for postoperative analgesia.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Group UE= US guided ESPB<br>Patients will be administered tenoxicam 20 mg IV every 12 hours in the postoperative period. A patient controlled device prepared with 5 mg/ ml tramadol will be attached to all patients with a protocol included 10 mg bolus without infusion dose, 20 min lockout time and 4 hour limit.Tenoxicam 20 mg and a dose of 100 mg tramadol intravenously will be performed to all patients 30 min before the end of the surgery for postoperative analgesia.Tenoxicam 20 mg and a dose of 100 mg tramadol intravenously will be performed to all patients 30 min before the end of the surgery for postoperative analgesia. | Drug: US guided ESPB<br>* US guided ESP block will be performed. US probe will be placed longitudinally 2-3 cm lateral to the L3 transverse process. Erector spinae muscle will be visualized on the hyperechoic transverse process. The block needle will be inserted cranio caudal direction and then for correction of the needle 2 ml saline will be enjected deep into the erector spina muscle fascia. Following confirmation of the correct position of the needle 20 ml %0.25 bupivacaine will be administered for block in each side (total 40 mL). Tenoxicam 20 mg and a dose of 100 mg tramadol intravenously will be performed to all patients 30 min before the end of the surgery for postoperative analgesia.<br>|
| No Intervention: Group C = Control group<br>Tenoxicam 20 mg and a dose of 100 mg tramadol intravenously will be performed to all patients 30 min before the end of the surgery for postoperative analgesia. Patients will be administered tenoxicam 20 mg IV every 12 hours in the postoperative period. A patient controlled device prepared with 5 mg/ ml tramadol will be attached to all patients with a protocol included 10 mg bolus without infusion dose, 20 min lockout time and 4 hour limit. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postoperative opioid consumption | Postoperative opioid consumption will be evaluated at postoperative 24 h period | Change from Baseline Opioid Consumption for Postoperative 24 hours. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analogue scores (VAS) | VAS score (0 = no pain, 10 = the most severe pain felt) | postoperative 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Lumbar spinal fusion surgery, Postoperative analgesia, Erector spina plan block