Testing Messages to Promote HPV Vaccination

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Hispanic women have the highest rates of HPV-related cervical cancer compared to all other groups in the U.S. Previous research has delineated several unique barriers to HPV vaccination among Hispanic women, suggesting that interventions that focus on addressing these barriers may improve HPV vaccination compliance in this population. To address some of these unique barriers, an online tailored messaging intervention was developed and tested. Initial analyses demonstrate that participants exposed to an online intervention demonstrated higher intentions to vaccinate for HPV after viewing the informational materials. The next phase of the project will be comprised of promoting use of the online intervention to the general public through the use of theory-based, pretested messages delivered via advertisements on Facebook and Twitter. Specifically, messages will be targeted based on differences between Hispanic parents of adolescents and Hispanic young adults. Previous research has explored the use of the Extended Parallel Processing Model as a theory to guide messages designed to promote health behaviors. The current study extends this work in the area of HPV prevention. Specifically, it seeks to examine the use of this theory as a means to stimulate information seeking behavior in the form of use of the previously developed online intervention that provides information about HPV. We also hope to make a significant contribution to research demonstrating the importance of targeting messages based on differences in population characteristics. Additionally, this study seeks to build on research examining the use of social media sites as a means for implementing health interventions and promoting positive health outcomes. Ultimately, the current study seeks to improve both the HPV vaccination decision-making process and HPV vaccination rates. If this was achieved among the Hispanic population it could substantially decrease disparities in cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.

Official Title
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TESTING MESSAGES TO PROMOTE USE OF AN HPV ONLINE INTERVENTION

Conditions
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Behavior, Information Seeking, Intention, Vaccine Hesitancy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Health Messages


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: For parents eligibility criteria were being: 1) of Hispanic or Latino origin, 2) 18 years or older, 3) a parent or guardian of a child ages 11-17 who had not been vaccinated for HPV. For young adults eligibility were being: 1) of Hispanic or Latino origin, 2) 18-26 years of age (vaccine eligibility at the time of data collection, and 3) having not been vaccinated for HPV. Exclusion Criteria: Being under 18 years of age Not identifying as Hispanic or Latino For parents, having no children ages 11-17 or having only children already vaccinated for HPV For young adults, having already been vaccinated for HPV or no longer being eligible due to age (>26)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The current study employed a 2 x 3 mixed factorial design. Participants consisted of two groups: 1) Hispanic or Latino parents of adolescents (age 11-17), and 2) Hispanic or Latino young adults (age 18-26). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three message conditions: cancer, genital warts, or control messages.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Cancer Messages - Young Adults<br>Messages providing information about the use of HPV vaccines to prevent cancer. | Behavioral: Health Messages<br>* Brief messages providing information about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Messages included embedded links where participants could find more information.<br>|
| Experimental: Cancer Messages - Parents of Adolescents<br>Messages providing information about the use of HPV vaccines for their adolescent children to prevent cancer. | Behavioral: Health Messages<br>* Brief messages providing information about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Messages included embedded links where participants could find more information.<br>|
| Experimental: Genital Wart Messages - Young Adults<br>Messages providing information about the use of HPV vaccines to prevent genital warts. | Behavioral: Health Messages<br>* Brief messages providing information about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Messages included embedded links where participants could find more information.<br>|
| Experimental: Genital Wart Messages - Parents of Adolescents<br>Messages providing information about the use of HPV vaccines or their adolescent children to prevent genital warts. | Behavioral: Health Messages<br>* Brief messages providing information about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Messages included embedded links where participants could find more information.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control Messages - Young Adults<br>Messages providing information about HPV vaccines that did not mention prevention of other diseases or conditions. | Behavioral: Health Messages<br>* Brief messages providing information about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Messages included embedded links where participants could find more information.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control Messages - Parents of Adolescents<br>Messages providing information about HPV vaccines for their adolescent children that did not mention prevention of other diseases or conditions. | Behavioral: Health Messages<br>* Brief messages providing information about the effectiveness of HPV vaccines. Messages included embedded links where participants could find more information.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intention to Seek Information - 1 | Hyperlinks were embedded in intervention messages where participants were told they could find more information about HPV. A click on the link was considered intention to seek information. Not clicking on the link was considered no intention to seek information. | 1 day (one time while participants viewed the brief intervention.) | 
| Intention to Seek Information - 2 | Intention to Seek Information survey items measure participants likelihood to seek information about HPV. Survey items included a Yes-No response to the statement I intend to look for more information about the HPV vaccination within the next 30 days. Those who answer Yes were then shown a series of questions prompting them to indicate their likelihood of seeking more information about the HPV vaccination from their doctor or healthcare provider, a friend of family member, the Internet, and other sources. Responses were measured on a 7-point Likert-type scale that ranged from Very Likely to Very Unlikely. Those who answered No were shown the question Which of the following best represents your reason for not seeking information about the HPV vaccine?. Responses included 1) low interest in the topic, 2) already well informed on the topic, 3) topic is not relevant to me, and 4) information on this topic is upsetting to me. | Outcome was measured one time immediately post-intervention via the post-survey items described to assess their degree of intention. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intention to Vaccinate for HPV | Intention to Vaccinate for HPV measures participants willingness to vaccinate for HPV. It was measured using a single item stating I intend to get vaccinated against HPV within the next 6 months. Reponses were measured on a 7-point scale ranging from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree. | Outcome was measured one time immediately post-intervention via the post-survey items described to assess their degree of intention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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HPV vaccine, Vaccine intention