Efficacy and Safety of Eslicarbazepine Acetate (BIA 2-093) in Acute Manic Episodes Associated With Bipolar I Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled dose-titration study; depending on clinical efficacy, up-titration of dosage 3 and 6 days after start of treatment; maintenance of individual maximum dose for the rest of the total 3-week treatment period; subsequently, down-titration (according to the dose steps and the time intervals of up-titration) and administration of an established anti-manic therapy during the tapering-off period (in patients who discontinued treatment) or entry into a recurrence prevention study (Protocol PRA+SCO/BIA-2093-205; reported under separate cover) as an option for patients who responded to the study treatment

Detailed Description
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Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the dose-dependent efficacy of 2 dose-titration regimens of Eslicarbazepine Acetate (ESL) compared with placebo as therapy in patients with acute mania. The secondary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of 2 dose-titration regimens of Eslicarbazepine Acetate in comparison to placebo.

Official Title
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Efficacy and Safety of Eslicarbazepine Acetate (BIA 2 093) in Acute Manic Episodes Associated With Bipolar I Disorder in a Double Blind, Randomised, Dose Titration, Placebo Controlled, Multicentre Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Bipolar I Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Eslicarbazepine Acetate
* Drug: Eslicarbazepine Acetate
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged ≥18 years; a documented diagnosis of bipolar I disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria (i.e., 296.0, 296.4 or 296.6) [8]; currently displaying an acute manic (including mixed) episode according to the DSM-IV criteria; a Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score of ≥20; symptoms of the current manic episode starting within 2 weeks prior to randomisation (V2, Day 1); able to undergo a standard evaluation, including clinical interview, ratings and laboratory studies; signed informed consent form; post-menopausal or otherwise incapable of becoming pregnant by reason of surgery or tubal ligation; women of childbearing potential had to present a serum pregnancy test consistent with a non-gravid state and had to use double-barrier contraception until the post-study visit (PSV). Exclusion Criteria: a history of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, psychotic features or rapid cycling; currently treated with carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine; a history of unresponsiveness, intolerance or hypersensitivity to related compounds (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine or licarbazepine); use of any depot-neuroleptics for the current manic episode; abuse of stimulating drugs or use of any systemic sympathicomimetic drug within the previous 2 weeks; electroconvulsive therapy within the previous 3 months; a history of dependence or chronic abuse from alcohol, drugs or medications within the last year; judged clinically to be at risk of harm to self or others; second or third-degree atrioventricular blockade not corrected with a pacemaker; relevant electrocardiogram (ECG) or laboratory abnormalities; calculated creatinine clearance <30 mL/min [men: (140-age) x weight / serum creatinine x 72; women: (0.85) (140-age) x weight / serum creatinine x 72. Age in years, weight in kg, and serum creatinine in mg/dL]; pregnant or nursing; participating in another drug clinical trial within the last 2 months before the randomisation visit; not ensured capability to perform the trial or to comply with the study protocol (e.g., mental retardation or severe inability to communicate); any other uncontrolled clinically relevant disorder; previous treatment with Eslicarbazepine Acetate; a history or presence of bone marrow impairment or depression (introduced by protocol amendment No. 1); a history or presence of acute intermittent porphyria (introduced by protocol amendment No. 1). Patients receiving treatment for bipolar disorder or other central nervous system disorders at randomisation were excluded from randomisation. If the patients had previously used such medications the following restrictions had to be taken into account: Patients treated with bipolar disorder preventive medication (for carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine see exclusion criteria), antidepressants, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, antiparkinsonian, and/or other potentially centrally acting drugs had to be washed-out for at least 2 days prior to randomisation (V2, Day 1). Patients treated with lithium or valproate could only be randomised with plasma levels < 0.5 mmol/L and < 50 mg/L, respectively.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group 1<br>Group 1: Eslicarbazepine Acetate, starting with 800 mg per day and up-titrated in 800 mg steps until 2400 mg (maximum dose) according to clinical response. | Drug: Eslicarbazepine Acetate<br>* Eslicarbazepine Acetate, starting with 800 mg per day and up-titrated in 800 mg steps until 2400 mg (maximum dose) according to clinical response.<br>* Other names: Eslicarbazepine Acetate tablets;|
| Experimental: Group 2<br>Group 2: Eslicarbazepine Acetate, starting with 600 mg per day and up-titrated in 600 mg steps until 1800 mg (maximum dose) according to clinical response. | Drug: Eslicarbazepine Acetate<br>* Eslicarbazepine Acetate, starting with 600 mg per day and up-titrated in 600 mg steps until 1800 mg (maximum dose) according to clinical response.<br>* Other names: Eslicarbazepine Acetate tablets;|
| Placebo Comparator: Group 3<br>Group 3: Placebo (change in daily number of tablets administered, according to clinical response). | Drug: Placebo<br>* Placebo<br>* Other names: sugar pill;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) Total Score at the End of the 3-week Treatment Period, in Relation to the Baseline. | The YMRS is used to assess disease severity in patients who have been previously diagnosed with mania and it has proven psychometric properties through 11 item multiple-choice diagnostic questionnaire and the total score is determined from the summation of each 11 individual scores (and can range from 0 - 60) based on the patient's subjective feedback of his clinical condition over the previous 48 hours. A higher score indicates a worse rating for symptoms related to mania. At every visit throughout the study, investigators administered the YMRS. The results of the primary analysis of efficacy were calculated using Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF). Primary variable is presented through ANCOVA results for absolute change in YMRS total score from baseline (V2) to end of treatment (V7). A responder has at least 50% improvement (reduction) in the YMRS total score or has a total score of less than 12 points at the end of treatment period. | baseline and 3-week |