The Effect of Emotional Working Memory Training on Preventing Depression Occurrence

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to test whether emotional working memory training and attention bias modification training are an effective neurobehavioral therapy to prevent the occurrence of depression .That is whether emotional working memory training and attention bias modification training are superior to placebo in preventing the occurrence of depression over 1 year after training.

Detailed Description
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Attentional bias has been theorized to play a critical role in the onset and maintenance of depression. Attentional bias modification training (ABMT), an experimental paradigm that uses training to induce adaptive attentional bias, was developed to test the causal model and this has therapeutic implications in depression.To test the effect of ABMT on treatment of depressive symptoms, a randomized, double-blind, placebo and blank controlled trial is conducted in college students who are experiencing mild-to-severe symptoms of depression.

Official Title
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A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy of Emotional Working Memory Training in the Prevention Treatment of Depressive Symptoms

Conditions
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Depressive Symptoms

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: maintaining positive working memory training
* Behavioral: repressing negative working memory training
* Behavioral: Positive ABMT
* Behavioral: Positive placebo ABMT


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: A score of 14 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Exclusion Criteria: A current episode of MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or organic mental disorder; Any concurrent psychotherapy; Any concurrent psychotropic medication.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: maintaining positive working memory training<br>Maintaining positive working memory training is based on visual positive works n-back task.In this training, positive words are presented on the pictures of happy face.According to the rules, subjects are required to identify whether the word present currently is as the same type as the word presented n before then click the keys correspondingly.Each training session contains 15 blocks which are consisted with 20+n trails. | Behavioral: maintaining positive working memory training<br>* Participants complete 10 sessions of maintaining positive working memory training during a two-week period. Each session consists of 15 blocks.<br>|
| Experimental: repressing negative working memory training<br>Repressing negative working memory training is a dual n-back task containing visual and auditory stimulus.Both two types of stimulus are negative.In this training, subjects are required to identify whether the location of picture presented on the screen or the word appeared in the headphone is the same as the picture or the word presented n before, then react with typing correspondingly.Each training session contains 16 blocks which are consisted with 20+n trails. | Behavioral: repressing negative working memory training<br>* Participants complete 10 sessions of repressing negative working memory training during a two-week period. Each session consists of 15 blocks.<br>|
| Experimental: Positive ABMT<br>In the positive attention bias, there are 54 pairs of neutral-negative words, 27 pairs of which are used in the training group and 27 pairs of which are used in the placebo group. The word pairs in each group are repeated 8 times, with a total of 216 trial.Participants received 10 sessions over 2 weeks. 90% of the targets in the training group appear in the positive word position and 10% of the targets appear in the neutral word position. | Behavioral: Positive ABMT<br>* Participants complete 8 sessions of attention bias modification training (ABMT) during a two-week period. Each session consists of 218 trials, and the time to complete a training session is 12 minutes.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Positive placebo ABMT<br>In the positive attention bias, there are 54 pairs of neutral-negative words, 27 pairs of which are used in the training group and 27 pairs of which are used in the placebo group. The word pairs in each group are repeated 8 times, with a total of 216 trial.Participants received 10 sessions over 2 weeks. while 90% of the targets in the placebo group appear in the neutral word position and 10% of the targets appear in the positive word position. | Behavioral: Positive placebo ABMT<br>* Participants complete 8 sessions of attention bias modification training (ABMT) during a two-week period. Each session consists of 218 trials, and the time to complete a training session is 12 minutes<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes of depressive symptoms | Depression symptoms tested by clinicians using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) | pre-training, post-training(2 weeks after pre-training), follow-ups(1-week,2-week,4-week,7-week,3-month( booster pre-training), 4-month (booster post-training), 5-month,6-month,12-month after post-training) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes of self-reported depressive symptoms | Self-reported depressive symptoms assessed by Beck depression scale-second version (BDI-II) | pre-training, post-training(2 weeks after pre-training), follow-ups(1-week,2-week,4-week,7-week,3-month( booster pre-training), 4-month (booster post-training), 5-month,6-month,12-month after post-training) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Depression, Cognitive control, Emotion, Working memory, Cognitive bias, Emotional regulation