The Evaluations of Cardiovascular Changes in Long-term Treated HIV-infected Individuals

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The present study aims to evaluate the cardiovascular changes in long-term virologically controlled HIV patients. All the participants have been treated and have been undetected for at least five years. Vascular ultrasound and echo will be carried out at 0, 24, 48 and 96 weeks of follow-up.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Previous studies have indicated that chronic HIV infection has resulted the diastolic cardiac dysfunction. In this study, 500 long-term virologically controlled HIV-infected individuals will be followed for two years, and evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 96 weeks of follow-up. At each visiting point, ultrasound evaluation of carotid and vertebral arteries and the heart function will be carried out and compared.

Official Title
-----------------
The Evaluations of Cardiovascular Changes in Long-term Treated HIV-infected Chinese Individuals

Conditions
-----------------
HIV/AIDS, Cardiovascular Diseases

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Provision of signed and dated informed consent form Willingness and availability to engage in study activities for the duration of the study Age between 18-65 Documented HIV-1 infection (confirmed by Western blot) regular ART treated for over 240 weeks HIV-RNA < 200 cp/ml Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or breastfeeding or anticipated pregnancy in two years History of AIDS-defining illness Virological failure during the ART ( Definition of virolgocial failure: plasma HIV-RNA > 200 cp/ml upon continuous HARRT) Hemoglobin < 9g/dl；or peripheral white blood cell counts < 2000/μl；or neutrophil counts < 1000 /μl；or platelet count < 75,000/μl； Liver disease (transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels more than three times the upper limit of the normal range (ULN), bilirubin level more than 2.5 times the ULN) Chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine level more than 1.5 times the ULN) Patients with a history of injection drug usage Patients with a history of mental disorders

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants with abnormal brachial-ankle arteries measured by ultrasound at 48 weeks | The ankle-brachial index (ABI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) including right and left brachial-ankle are aceessed through ultrasound. The measured value will be documented and evaluated for abnormality. | 48 weeks | 
| Number of Participants with abnormal brachial-ankle arteries measured by ultrasound at 96 weeks | The ankle-brachial index (ABI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) including right and left brachial-ankle are aceessed through ultrasound. The measured value will be documented and evaluated for abnormality. | 96 weeks | 
| Number of Participants with abnormal echocardiogram results at 48 weeks | Echocardiogram indicators include left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), ejection fraction (EF), E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time (EDT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV), Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, Interventricular septal (IVS ) thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, the present of valve abnormalities/ myocardial ischemia/ pericardial effusion. The measured value will be documented and evaluated for abnormality. | 48 weeks | 
| Number of Participants with abnormal echocardiogram results at 96 weeks | Echocardiogram indicators include left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), ejection fraction (EF), E/A ratio, E-wave deceleration time (EDT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV), Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, Interventricular septal (IVS ) thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, the present of valve abnormalities/ myocardial ischemia/ pericardial effusion. The measured value will be documented and evaluated for abnormality. | 96 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes from baseline T cellular activation markers | Changes from baseline T cellular activation markers (CD8CD38+ T percentage and CD8DR+ T percentage). | 0,24,48 and 96weeks | 
| Changes from baseline serum inflammatory markers | Changes from baseline serum inflammatory markers (sCD14, D-dimer, IL-6, IP-10) | 0,24,48 and 96weeks |