Microbiome in Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Diseases, Lung Cancer and Hemoptysis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Microbiome in lower respiratory diseases is not sufficiently known yet. The objective of this study is to investigate microbiome in patients who present with hemoptysis, and those with pulmonary tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), and lung cancer, analyzing respiratory specimen acquired by bronchoscopic approach.

Detailed Description
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Subjects who were going to undergo bronchoscopy for hemoptysis or suspected lower respiratory diseases including endobronchial tuberculosis (Tb), NTM-PD, or endobronchial lung cancer (LC) were enrolled after informed consents. Subjects who were supposed to receive bronchoscopy to rule out endobronchial lesions were also enrolled as control group (ctrl) after informed consents. In those control group, endobronchial tuberculosis, malignancy or other certain respiratory diseases was not clearly suspected. Before acquiring respiratory specimens, bronchoscopic channels were washed to acquire negative control in all cases of groups. In Tb group and LC group, specimens of normal bronchial mucosa near suspicious endobronchial lesion were obtained with protected brush (PB), then specimens of abnormal bronchial mucosa in suspicious endobronchial lesion with PB. After acquiring respiratory specimens of PB, bronchial washing was done in suspicious endobronchial lesion. In NTM-PD group, specimens of bronchial mucosa in bronchus of suspicious NTM-PD with PB. After acquiring respiratory specimens of PB, bronchial washing was done in bronchus of suspicious NTM-PD. In hemoptysis group, bronchial washing was done in bronchus of ongoing bleeding. In control group, specimens of bronchial mucosa in predetermined random bronchus (not bronchus with suspicious endobronchial lesion) with PB. After acquiring respiratory specimens of PB, bronchial washing was done in the same bronchus. Microbiome in lower respiratory species was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Official Title
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Microbiome in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Diseases (NTM-PD), Lung Cancer and Hemoptysis

Conditions
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Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pneumonia, Lung Cancer, Hemoptysis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for hemoptysis, OR Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial pulmonary tuberculosis observed on chest computed tomography, OR Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) observed on chest computed tomography, OR Patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial lung cancer observed on chest computed tomography, OR Patients who underwent bronchoscopy to rule out endobronchial lesion which did not seem to be typical for any criteria of pulmonary diseases including tuberculosis, NTM-PD or lung cancer on chest computed tomography Exclusion Criteria: Other malignancy, infection or serious diseases of neural, cardiovascular, renal, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, hemotologic or respiratory system Use of any antibiotic within a month Vulnerable volunteer Subject's rejection

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Tb group<br>Subjects who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial pulmonary tuberculosis (Tb) observed on chest computed tomography | |
| NTM-PD group<br>Subjects who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) observed on chest computed tomography | |
| LC group<br>Subjects who underwent bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial lung cancer (LC) observed on chest computed tomography | |
| HM group<br>Subjects who underwent bronchoscopy for hemoptysis | |
| Control group<br>Subjects who underwent bronchoscopy to rule out endobronchial lesion observed on chest computed tomography. Endbronchial lesion should not be typical for any category of respiratory diseases including tuberculosis, NTM-TB and lung cancer. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 16S rRNA sequencing | The V1 to V3 regions of the 16S rRNA in respiratory specimens were analyzed for identification of microbiomes. | 0 day (the day of study enrollment) |