Effect of Topical Application of Black Pepper Essential Oil and Peripheral Catheter Insertion

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The investigators aimed to determine the effects of topical application of black pepper essential oil on peripheral intravenous catheter insertion success.This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 60 patients randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=30) or the control group (n=30) reporting to the endoscopy unit of the clinic between May 2019 and October 2019. In the experimental group, black pepper essential oil was used to increase vein degree before the procedure, while in the control group, no extra interventions were applied. The time taken in determining an appropriate vein, time taken for successful catheter insertion, and the patient's and nurse's satisfaction after the process were recorded.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Introduction: The literature describes many techniques to increase vein visibility and palpability that facilitate peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. However, there is only one study examining the effect of topical essential black pepper oil on veins. The investigators aimed to determine the effects of topical application of black pepper essential oil on peripheral intravenous catheter insertion success. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 60 patients randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=30) or the control group (n=30) reporting to the endoscopy unit of the clinic between May 2019 and October 2019. The study results were evaluated using an information form, a catheter insertion form, and a visual analog scale (VAS). In the experimental group, black pepper essential oil was used to increase vein degree before the procedure, while in the control group, no extra interventions were applied. The time taken in determining an appropriate vein, time taken for successful catheter insertion, and the patient's and nurse's satisfaction after the process were recorded via a chronometer.

Official Title
-----------------
Effect of Topical Application of Black Pepper Essential Oil on Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
-----------------
Vein; Spasm, Patient Satisfaction, Nurse Scope, Practice

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Topical essential oil application


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Must be evaluable their veins as 1, 2 and 3 according to vein assessment scale Must be able to communicate Exclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease Clinical diagnosis of any other chronic illness (except cancer)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Essential oil application group<br>The experimental group received 20% black pepper essential oil in a base of aloe vera gel applied topically to the forearm using a rollerball 10 min before venipuncture. Twelve swipes were applied using the rollerball applicator. The maximum dose of the black pepper/aloe vera gel mixture was 3 mL. Sphygmomanometer cuff was placed on the right arm, and the cuff was inflated until it reached the patient's diastolic blood pressure level. When the pointer reached the desired value, the period was commenced by the researcher. The nurse determined the right vein. After selecting the right vein, the period was ended as the nurse successfully placed a catheter. | Other: Topical essential oil application<br>* We applied black pepper essential oil to the participants in experimental group before the catheter insertion procedure<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Diastolic blood pressure and body temperature of the patients in the control group were measured. A sphygmomanometer cuff was placed on the arm that was not actively used by the patient. Until the cuff's pointer reached the diastolic blood pressure level of the patient, it was inflated. When the tip came to the desired value, the period was noted by the researcher. Without any extra attempts being made, the catheter was placed by the nurse. The period ended with the successful catheter placement by the nurse. Period of appropriate vein selection, the period of placing the catheter successfully, patient and nurse satisfaction were recorded. | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Period of the appropriate vein selection and successful catheter placement | Time of the determining the appropriate vein and successful catheter placement | 7 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Patients' and the nurses satisfaction level according to visual analog scale (0: I am not pleasured; 10: I am very pleasured) | Patients' and the nurses satisfaction from peripheral intravenous catheter placement | 7 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
essential oil application, catheter insertion