Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate for Type 2 Diabetes-Stage II

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Growing evidence over recent years supports a potential role for low grade chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study we will determine whether salsalate, a member of the commonly used Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) class, is effective in lowering sugars in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study will determine whether salicylates represent a new pharmacological option for diabetes management. The study is conducted in two stages. Enrollment in the first stage is complete. The primary objective of the first stage was to select a dose of salsalate that is both well-tolerated and demonstrates a trend toward improvement in glycemic control. The primary objective of Stage 2 of the study is to evaluate the effects of salsalate on blood sugar control in diabetes; the tolerability of salsalate use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); and the effects of salsalate on measures of inflammation, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiac risk.

Official Title
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Targeting Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Trial Using Salsalate

Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Salsalate
* Drug: Salsalate Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Type 2 diabetes on diet and exercise therapy or monotherapy with metformin, insulin secretagogue (including SFU, non-SFU, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, or bile acid sequestrants (dosed once per day such that study drug can be administered ≥ 4 hours prior to sequestrant); or a combination of up to two of these at maximal dose. Dosing must be stable for 8 weeks prior to screening. Participant must have been diagnosed with T2D at least 8 weeks before screening. FPG ≤ 225 mg/dL and HbA1c≥7% and ≤ 9.5% at screening. Age ≥18 and <75 Women of childbearing potential agree to use an appropriate contraceptive method (hormonal, IUD, or diaphragm) Exclusion Criteria: No prior participation in Stage I of TINSAL-T2D ; exception: a participant who failed screening for HbA1c in Stage I will be allowed to re-screen for Stage II. Type 1 diabetes and/or history of ketoacidosis determined by medical history History of severe diabetic neuropathy including autonomic neuropathy, gastroparesis or lower limb ulceration or amputation History of long-term therapy with insulin (>30 days) within the last year Therapy with rosiglitazone (Avandia) or pioglitazone (Actos), alone or in combination in the previous 6 months; or exendin-4 (Byetta), alone or in combination in the previous 3 months Pregnancy or lactation Patients requiring oral corticosteroids within 3 months or recurrent continuous oral corticosteroid treatment (more than 2 weeks) Use of weight loss drugs [e.g., Xenical (orlistat), Meridia (sibutramine), Acutrim (phenylpropanol-amine), or similar over-the-counter medications] within 3 months of screening or intentional weight loss of ≥ 10 lbs in the previous 6 months Surgery within 30 days prior to screening Serum creatinine >1.4 for women and >1.5 for men or eGFR <60 [possible chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation History of chronic liver disease including hepatitis B or C History of peptic ulcer or endoscopy demonstrated gastritis History of acquired immune deficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) History of malignancy, except participants who have been disease-free for greater than 10 years, or whose only malignancy has been basal or squamous cell skin carcinoma New York Heart Association Class III or IV cardiac status or hospitalization for congestive heart failure History of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack or any revascularization within 6 months Uncontrolled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >95 mmHg on three or more assessments on more than one day). If on blood pressure medications, dosing should be stable for 2 weeks prior to randomization. History of drug or alcohol abuse, or current weekly alcohol consumption >10 units/week (1 unit = 1 beer, 1 glass of wine, 1 mixed DCCktail containing 1 ounce of alcohol) Hemoglobin <12 g/dL (males), <10 g/dL (females) at screening* Platelets <100,000 cu mm at screening AST (SGOT) >2.50 x ULN or ALT (SGPT) >2.50 x ULN at screening Total Bilirubin >1.50 x ULN at screening Triglycerides (TG) >500 mg/dL at screening Poor mental function or any other reason to expect patient difficulty in complying with the requirements of the study Previous allergy to aspirin Chronic or continuous use (daily for more than 7 days) of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the preceding 2 months Use of warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), dipyridamole (Persantine), heparin or other anticoagulants Use of probenecid (Benemid, probalan), sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) or other uricosuric agents Macroalbuminuria, defined as spot urine protein >300 mcg/mg Cr at screening Pre-existing chronic tinnitus

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 1<br>Salsalate, 3.5 g/d orally, divided dosing | Drug: Salsalate<br>* Salsalate 3.5 g/d orally, divided dosing<br>* Other names: disalsid;|
| Placebo Comparator: 2<br>Salsalate Placebo, orally, divided dosing | Drug: Salsalate Placebo<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Primary Outcome for the TINSAL-T2D Study is Change in HbA1c Level From Baseline to Week 48 From Baseline, Compared Between Treatment Groups. | HbA1c (%, percentage of HbA1c) change from baseline. | 48 weeks from baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change From Baseline in Fasting Glucose Over Time. |  | 48 weeks from baseline | 
| Response Rates for Reduction in Fasting Glucose of ≥20 mg/dl, a Reduction in HbA1c of ≥0.5%, and a Reduction in HbA1c of ≥0.8% |  | 24 and 48 weeks | 
| Change in Lipids (Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-C], Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [Non-HDL-C], Triglycerides [TG], Total Cholesterol [TC], High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDL C], TC/HDL-C Ratio, and LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio) |  | 48 weeks | 
| Changes in WBC and Differential, High-sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Other Inflammatory Markers |  | 24 and 48 weeks | 
| Response Rates for Exceeding Hyperglycemic Targets Between Active and Placebo Treated Groups; Need for Rescue Therapy; Need for Discontinuation of Study Medication |  | 24 and 48 weeks | 
| Response Rates in Patients Initially Treated With Lifestyle Modification, Insulin Secretagogue, Metformin or Combination Therapy |  | 24 and 48 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), Inflammation, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Salicylates