Lidocaine Spray on an Endoscope to Improve Tolerance to Endoscopy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators tested whether a new method which additional lidocaine spray on the tip of endoscope can increase the tolerance of examinee during endoscopy than conventional pharyngeal anesthesia alone.

Detailed Description
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All the patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were consecutively enrolled and assigned to case group treated with additional 2 puffs of the 10% lidocaine spray on the tip of endoscope before intubation or control group with conventional pharyngeal anesthesia without further treatment. And the investigators compared their baseline characteristics, past history, sedation or not, and frequency of retching and belching were measured during the endoscopy.

Official Title
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Does Use of Lidocaine Spray on an Endoscope Immediately Before Insertion Improve Patient Tolerance to Endoscopy? A Single Center, Case-Control Study.

Conditions
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C.Medical Procedure; Digestive System, Disorder of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, Tolerance

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Case Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Endoscopy Room, Cheju Hall General Hospital. Exclusion Criteria: advanced older or younger age (> 90, or < 15 years) comorbidities scored greater than III of American Society of Anestheiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA) score history of hypersensitivity reaction to lidocaine he pregnant therapeutic or emergency endoscopy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 89 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Case Group<br>Treated with additional 2 puffs of the 10% lidocaine spray on the tip of endoscope before intubation with conventional pharyngeal anesthesia | Drug: Case Group<br>* Consecutively, all the participants were assigned to case group with additional 2 puffs of the 10% lidocaine spray on the tip of endoscope, same medication which was used for prior pharyngeal anesthesia, or to control group with conventional pharyngeal anesthesia without further treatment. Then we compared the primary outcome measures, such as, frequency of belching and retching of two groups.<br>* Other names: Beracaine Spray;|
| Control Group<br>Treated with conventional pharyngeal anesthesia without further treatment. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frequency of Belching and retching | Belching was defined as release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth and retching was defined as reverse peristaltic movement of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting. | Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, expected average of 1-2 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adverse events | Events suspected as Aspiration pneumonia, methemoglobinemia | Participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, expected average of 1-2 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Pharyngeal Anesthesia, Lidocaine, Belching, Retching, Tolerance