The Effect of Juice Types on the Responses to Air Pollution

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study hypothesis is that drinking different juices will affect the body's responses to air pollution. Subjects will be exposed to air pollution during a 2-hour car ride on the NJ (New Jersey) Turnpike. Each subject will be asked to do this twice. Before one car ride, the subject will be asked to drink orange juice. Before the other car ride, the subject will be asked to drink beet juice. Samples of blood and exhaled breath will be collected before, immediately after, and 24 hours after each car ride. Levels of nitrites/nitrates will be measured in the blood and breath.

Detailed Description
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Subjects will participate in two exposure sessions. The air pollution exposure consists of a 2-hour car ride along the NJ Turnpike. Samples will be collected at 3 time points for each exposure session: pre-exposure, immediately post-exposure, and 24 hours post-exposure. Blood samples will be collected immediately before and after a 5-minute occlusion at each time point. The subject will also be asked to provide samples of exhaled breath and complete symptom and stress questionnaires at each time point. Blood samples will be analyzed for serum nitrite. Exhaled breath samples will be analyzed for nitrates and nitrites.

Official Title
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Effects of Oral Nitrate Supplementation on Vascular and Pulmonary Oxidative Stress Markers Following Traffic Pollution Exposure

Conditions
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Air Pollution

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Beet juice
* Dietary Supplement: Orange juice


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy Must live within 20 miles of Piscataway, NJ Exclusion Criteria: • Are a current smoker Are pregnant or breastfeeding Are HIV-positive Have an active medical condition such as high blood pressure, asthma, diabetes or other serious disease Have a heart condition such as atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation or a pacemaker Are unable to ride comfortably in a car for 2 hours Travel to the EOHSI (Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute) Clinic Center on major highways for more than 3 miles (the Garden State Parkway, the New Jersey Turnpike, Routes 287, 1, 18, or 9).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Beet Orange<br>Beet juice will be given prior to the first car ride and orange juice will be given prior to the second car ride. | Dietary Supplement: Beet juice<br>* 2 cups of beet juice will be given before the car ride<br>Dietary Supplement: Orange juice<br>* 2 cups of orange juice will be given before the car ride<br>|
| Experimental: Orange Beet<br>Orange juice will be given before the first car ride and beet juice will be given before the second car ride. | Dietary Supplement: Beet juice<br>* 2 cups of beet juice will be given before the car ride<br>Dietary Supplement: Orange juice<br>* 2 cups of orange juice will be given before the car ride<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in plasma nitrite concentration | Change in plasma nitrite concentration pre- and post-occlusion | Prior to the car ride, immediately after the 2-hour car ride, and 24 hours later | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in nitrite/nitrate concentration in exhaled breath | Change in nitrite/nitrate concentration in exhaled breath | Prior to the car ride, immediately after the 2 hour car ride and 24 hours later | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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air pollution, food, nitrites, nitrates, breath tests/methods