Grip Strength or Pinch Strength in Lateral Epicondylitis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Grip strength can be decreased in lateral epicondylitis. Pinch strength is also affected in people suffering from lateral epicondylitis. In this study, participants will be evaluated using a hydraulic dynamometer, a pinch meter and we will evaluate pain, disability and quality of life.

Detailed Description
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Newly diagnosed patients with lateral epicondylitis and healthy controls will be included in the study with an allocation ratio of 2:1. Using a hydraulic dynamometer grip strength will be evaluated three times, one minute between each measurement. Then palmar pinch, key pinch and tip pinch measurements will be evaluated for three times each. For each measurement, the participants will rest one minute between repetitive measurements, and five minutes between each parameters. The order of measurements will be randomized for each participants to avoid bias. Then the participants will be evaluated using different scales for pain, disability and quality of life.

Official Title
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Grip Strength or Pinch Strength: Which is Preferred to Evaluate Lateral Epicondylitis?

Conditions
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Lateral Epicondylitis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Pain in elbow for at least two weeks Exclusion Criteria: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug usage during last week. Rheumatic diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, reactive arthritis, etc.) Malignancy Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in last six months Lateral epicondylitis injection in last six months or any treatment. Lateral epicondylitis brace usage

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Healthy Controls<br>Age and sex matched healthy controls | |
| Lateral epicondylitis<br>Newly diagnosed lateral epicondylitis patients. Pain in lateral epicondylitis region Pain increase with palpation Positivity in two diagnostic test out of three (Maudley's test, Mill's test or Cozen's test) | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hand (grip) Strength | Maximum and Pain free hand grip strength using a handheld dynamometer | 0.day | 
| Pinch Strength (key pinch, palmar pinch and tip pinch) | Maximum and Pain free hand grip strength using a handheld dynamometer | 0.day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-During day | Pain during day will be evaluated using visual analog scale | 0.day | 
| VAS-Night | Pain during night will be evaluated using visual analog scale | 0.day | 
| Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Scale | The questions will help to understand the amount of difficulty the patient have had with their arm in the past week. The patient will be describing their average arm symptoms over the past week on a scale 0-10. | 0.day | 
| Disability | The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Scale | 0.day | 
| World Health Organization-Quality of Life- Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) scale | The WHOQOL-BREF instrument comprises 26 items, which measure the following broad domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. | 0.day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Disability evaluation, Hand Strength, Quality of life, Pain, Pinch Strength, Tennis elbow