Longitudinal Pattern of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Healthy Children Aged Less Then 5 Years, in the Area of Milan and Surroundings, Lombardy, Italy.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this active surveillance study is to make available crucial data about epidemiology, serotype distribution, and longitudinal pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of nasopharyngeal strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae carried in the population of healthy children aged less than years and living in the area of Milan and surroundings, Lombardy, Italy. To estimate the nasopharyngeal carriage rate and longitudinal pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children aged less than 5 years living in the area of Milan, Italy; To describe the circulation of antimicrobial non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy children aged less than 5 years Secondary objectives: To describe the nasopharyngeal carriage distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy subjects less than 5 years old; To examine the role of risk factors in the Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage rate in healthy children; • To evaluate the possible impact of vaccination policy in the referenced population.

Official Title
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Longitudinal Pattern of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Healthy Children Aged Less Then 5 Years, in the Area of Milan and Surroundings, Lombardy, Italy.

Conditions
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Streptococcus Pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To estimate the nasopharyngeal carriage rate and longitudinal pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children aged less than 5 years living in the area of Milan, Italy; To describe the circulation of antimicrobial non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy children aged less than5 years Exclusion Criteria: To describe the nasopharyngeal carriage distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy subjects less than 5 years old; To examine the role of risk factors in the Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage rate in healthy children; To evaluate the possible impact of vaccination policy in the referenced population..

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Months
Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| • circulation of antimicrobial non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy children aged less than 5 years |  | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| • the nasopharyngeal carriage distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in healthy subjects less than 5 years old; |  | 1 year | 
| • the role of risk factors in the Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage rate in healthy children; |  | 1 year | 
| • the possible impact of vaccination policy in the referenced population |  | 1 year |