Timing of Rocuronium After Induction With Propofol on Temporal Summation of Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Temporal summation of pain, which is defined as the perception of increasingly greater pain evoked by repetitive painful stimuli, is highly variable between individuals. This study aimed to determine the impact of the timing of rocuronium after induction with propofol on temporal summation of pain in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.

Official Title
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The Impact of the Timing of Rocuronium After Induction With Propofol on Temporal Summation of Pain in Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery-prospective and Controlled Study.

Conditions
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Gynecological Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The difference of the timing of rocuronium administration after propofol injection


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Elective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status class) I-II Exclusion Criteria: Menopause (to exclude the hormonal effect on pain) Patients who had muscular, cardiovascular, hepatic or kidney disorders and patients with a history of medication who would affect muscle relaxants were excluded from this study. Patients with difficult venous access on forearm, a known allergy to propofol or rocuronium, chronic pain, pregnancy, and those who had received analgesics or sedatives within the previous 24 hours, were excluded from the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: One hundred patients, between 18-60 years of age were randomly assigned to one of the two groups; group PRi received immediate injection of rocuronium after propofol administration, and group PRd received rocuronium injection when bispectral index score became below 60 after propofol administration
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: group PRi<br>received immediate injection of rocuronium after propofol administration, | Other: The difference of the timing of rocuronium administration after propofol injection<br>* The difference of the timing was rocuronium was administered immediately after propofol injection or when BIS score became below 60 after propofol administration.<br>|
| Other: group PRd<br>rocuronium injection when bispectral index score became below 60 after propofol administration | Other: The difference of the timing of rocuronium administration after propofol injection<br>* The difference of the timing was rocuronium was administered immediately after propofol injection or when BIS score became below 60 after propofol administration.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| the grade of rocuronium induced withdrawal movement. | withdrawal movements were graded by the investigator according to the following scale: - no pain (no response); - mild pain (movement at wrist only); - moderate pain (movement involving the arm only with elbow or shoulder); - severe pain (generalized response or movement in more than one extremity | during anesthesia induction | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| visual analog scale (VAS) for injection pain | check VAS for pain after propofol administration. visual analog scale with 100 mm for pain after surgery. 0 = no pain, 100 = the worst pain | during anesthesia induction | 
| VAS for pain | check VAS with 100 mm for pain after surgery. 0 = no pain, 100 = the worst pain | at 1 hour, 24 hours and 48 hours | 
| Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) Opioid consumption | check the volume of PCA Opioid consumption (ml) (PCA) pump containing fentanyl (800 ug), ketorolac (150 mg), and ramosetron (0.6 mg) in a total volume of 150 mL of saline was set to deliver a basal infusion of 2 mL/h and bolus doses of 0.5 mL, with a 15-min lockout period for postoperative analgesia. | at 24 and 48 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pain, Propofol, Rocuronium, Temporal summation.