Accuracy of FNAC in Thyroid Nodules Compared to to Surgical Specimen : QOC Experience

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Thyroid gland diseases are the second most common endocrine disease following diabetes mellitus(1). Thyroid nodules are common disorders with a prevalence ranged from 4 to 7% in adult population, 5%-30% are malignant [1].Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, cost-effective test for cancer diagnosis, and its use has markedly decreased the number of unnecessary thyroid surgeries(2).

Detailed Description
-----------------
it should be noted that FNAC cannot differentiate between benign and malignant follicular neoplasms.differentiation between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma is only possible after thyroid lobectomy.[2,3] In addition, a study of FNAC showed that 68% of the cases diagnosed by FNAC as follicular neoplasm turned out to be the follicular type of papillary carcinoma, indicting a considerable overlap between benign and malignant neoplasms.[4] Incidental findings of thyroid nodules have increased exponen¬tially in recent years, mostly due to the widespread application of high-resolution ultrasound (US) to the thyroid [5].Several in¬ternational scientific societies have established clinic-radiolog¬ical guidelines for the diagnosis and the management of thy¬roid nodules [2,3]. The American College of Radiology identifies 5 radiological risk levels and recommends US-guided fine-nee¬dle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) of high-suspicion nodules if 10 mm or larger, and of nodules with a low risk for malignan¬cy only if larger than 25 mm [2]. According to the European Thyroid Association Guidelines (EU-TIRADS), nodules with no high-risk features (oval-shaped, isoechoic/hyperechoic with smooth margins) should be considered at low risk and FNA performed only if greater than 20 mm, while high-risk nodules greater than 10 mm should undergo FNAC, with possible FNAC also in 5-10 mm nodules if highly suspicious [3].

Official Title
-----------------
Accuracy of FNAC in Thyroid Nodules Compared to to Surgical Specimen : QOC Experience

Conditions
-----------------
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Thyroid Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Thyroid diseases Multi nodullar single nodules diffuse goiter Thyroid diseases underwent FNAC Then Thyroid surgery Exclusion Criteria: Patients with no diagnostic FNAC

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: FNAC<br> | Procedure: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology<br>* Comparison between FNAC and post operative specimen after thyroid surgery<br>* Other names: Thyrodectomy;|
| Experimental: post operative hitopathology<br> | Procedure: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology<br>* Comparison between FNAC and post operative specimen after thyroid surgery<br>* Other names: Thyrodectomy;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of true positive results of FNAC after thyroidectomy | Accuracy of FNAC in thyroid nodules compared to to surgical specimen : QOC experience | 10 days | 
| Percentage of malignant thyroid nodules not observed by FNAC | type of thyroid malignancy not observed by FNAC | 10 days | 
| Incidence of false negative results by FNAC | false negative that diagnosed by FNAC not malignant but proved malignancy after surgical excion | 10 days | 
| Percentage of Total number of true results of FNAC to the total number of cases | accuracy of FNAC | 10 days | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
thyroid nodules, thyroidectomy, FNAC