Effect of Prewarming During Induction of General Anesthesia Combined With Warmed Intravenous Fluid on Core Temperature.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Hypothermia occurs frequently during general anesthesia. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of 10 minutes of prewarming during induction of general anesthesia during urologic surgery.

Detailed Description
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Hypothermia is of continuous issue in patients undergoing general anesthesia. During urologic operation (transurethral resection of bladder and prostate), bladder irrigation worsens hypothermia. Hence, various methods including prewarming of the patient are used to maintain core temperature during operation. Prewarming is found to be effective in maintaining core temperature perioperatively by increasing peripheral tissue heat content. However, applying more than 30 minutes of prewarming may be impractical as a clinical routine practice. Hence, developing simple and effective method to prevent hypothermia is expected. Here, the investigators planned to examine the effect of active warming (10 minutes of warming during induction of general anesthesia and prewarmed intravenous fluid intraoperatively) on hypothermia in patients undergoing urologic operation under general anesthesia.

Official Title
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Effect of Prewarming During Induction of General Anesthesia Combined With Warmed Intravenous Fluid on Core Temperature in Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgery.

Conditions
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Urologic Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: warming during induction of anesthesia
* Procedure: Prewarmed intravenous fluid administration


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients undergoing urologic surgery(transurethral resection of bladder, prostate) Exclusion Criteria: moderate to severe cardiopulmonary, renal impairment previous thyroid disease any infection sign abnormal temperature prior to induction of general anesthesia (<36'C or >37.5'C) refusal to participate in the study unable to understand the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: warming group<br>warming of the patient with whole body warming blanket in the OR during induction of anesthesia, prewarmed intravenous fluid during the operation. | Procedure: warming during induction of anesthesia<br>* Warming group patients are applied air-forced warming device (bair-hugger 43'C) with blanket (warm touch, COVIDIEN, full body blanket) during induction of anesthesia in the operation room.<br>Procedure: Prewarmed intravenous fluid administration<br>* Prewarmed intravenous fluid is connected.<br>|
| No Intervention: no warming group<br>There will be no whole body warming during induction. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| incidence of hypothermia at the end of the operation | number of patients with hypothermia (<36'C) using esophageal stethoscope will be recorded. | approximately 1-2hours after induction (at the end of operation) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| change in temperature drop before and end of operation | change in core temperature will be observed | on arrival at the OR upto 1-2hours after induction (at the end of the operation) | 
| thermal comfort | thermal comfort scale ( 0= very cold, 5= fine, 10= very hot and uncomfortable) will be used. | upto 1hour after end of the operation (at discharge of postanesthesia care unit) | 
| incidence of shivering | 4 point shivering scale (0=none, 1=core and neck shivering, 2= upper extremity 3= whole body) will be used. | upto 1 hour after end of the operation (on arrival at the postanesthesia care unit) |