A Diagnostic Test of Abnormal Sound Waves in Modern Pulsology of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to use the  Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves  to collect the pulse information of recruited subjects, and to extract characteristic pulse information by multi-scale entropy, Fourier transform, Hilbert yellow transform, spectrum analysis, wavelet analysis and other methods. Evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of the Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.

Detailed Description
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Pulse diagnosis is an important method to judge the status of patients in the process of diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the commonly used site of pulse diagnosis is the radial artery, which is divided into cun, guan and chi. Whether the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation can be realized through pulse diagnosis has not been solved. Herniation of the lumbar intervertebral disc is a syndrome caused by degeneration of intervertebral disc, partial or complete rupture of the annulus fibrosus, protrusion of nucleus pulposus, or compression of nerve roots and cauda equina. In the area of compression, the blood supply is also limited to a certain extent, and the blood that should be in the normal laminar flow state gradually turns into a turbulent state, causing abnormal vibration, which is fused with a larger cluster of sound waves transmitted by the heart and then transmitted throughout the body. In this situation, the investigators can feel the combination of abnormal vibration waves by touching the pulse at different levels of the arteries near the surface of the body, including the radial artery. In long-term clinical practice, the investigators have found that the ulnar radial pulse of patients with lumbar disc herniation, i.e. the fifth layer of the ulnar radial pulse, often presents an unsmooth pulse. Therefore, the investigators believe that patients with lumbar disc herniation may have abnormal sound waves in the radial artery. The investigators have found that there are low-frequency sound waves in the radial artery, which carry the physiological and pathological information of the organs in the body, and developed the Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves. Previous projects have achieved certain results after exploring the abnormal sound waves of the radial artery in patients with sequelae of cerebral infarction, stable coronary heart disease, chronic gastritis and other diseases. Therefore, this study will use the Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves to collect the sound waves in the radial artery of both hands from 45 patients with lumbar disc herniation and 45 relatively healthy people and carry out spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis to extract the pulse characteristics. The sensitivity and specificity of Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation will be calculated. Supposed there are characteristic sound waves in the radial artery of patients with lumbar disc herniation, and these characteristic sound waves have some specific distributions, planes, and points that are different from the sound waves of relatively healthy persons. Then this study will explore and gradually confirm such characteristics and differences. It is expected to contribute to the pulse diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.

Official Title
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A Diagnostic Test of Abnormal Sound Waves in Modern Pulsology of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Conditions
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Lumbar Disc Herniation, Radial Artery

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Trial group Study time: March 9, 2021, to March 9, 2022 ; Study site: The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University; Patients with lumbar disc herniation who have not undergone lumbar surgery and who meet the diagnostic gold standard of symptoms, signs and imaging examinations should be comprehensively assessed.; Patients who were first diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation less than 4 months ago; Patients with a range of ages of 20-50 years and stable vital signs; Patients who have informed consent to receive the pulse collection; control group Study time: March 9, 2021, to March 9, 2022 ; Study site: The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University; Relatively healthy people without lumbar disc herniation diagnosis; Patients with a range of ages of 20-50 years and stable vital signs; Patients who have informed consent to accept the pulse collection; Exclusion Criteria: - Trial group Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar tuberculosis, vertebral metastases, nerve root and cauda equina tumors, hip osteoarthropathy or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, piriformis syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, herpes zoster and other lumbar diseases; Patients with diseases of the urinary system and reproductive system; Patients who have undergone lumbar disc surgery; Pregnant or lactating women; Patients with other thoracic diseases; Patients with gallbladder, pancreas and other diseases adjacent to the liver; Patients with severe infectious diseases; Those who are not easy to collect pulse manifestation such as pulse on back of wrist and oblique-running pulse; Incomplete data due to subjective or objective reasons affect the judgment of results; Patients with Parkinson's disease or other limb tremor; Patients with atrial fibrillation. control group Patients with lumbar disc herniation; Patients suffering from lumbar tuberculosis, ankylosing spondylitis and other serious diseases and difficult to maintain posture for a certain period of time; Pregnant or lactating women; Patients with severe infectious diseases; Those who are not easy to collect pulse manifestation such as pulse on back of wrist and oblique-running pulse; Incomplete data due to subjective or objective reasons affect the judgment of results; Patients with Parkinson's disease or other limb tremor; Patients with atrial fibrillation.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Trial group: 45 patients with lumbar disc herniation<br>The Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves  was used to collect three parts and five layers of pulsed sound waves from the hands of 45 patients with lumbar disc herniation. | |
| Control group :45 relatively healthy people<br>The Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves  was used to collect the three-parts and five-layers pulse sound waves of the hands of 45 relatively healthy people. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frequencies of abnormal sound waves in the pulses. | Using the Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves (PDSSW) to collect the pulse waves of both hands. The percentage(%) of Frequencies of abnormal sound waves in the pulse will be calculated. | The data will be collected, analyzed and calculated in about 7 days. | 
| The changes of sound waves in the pulses. | The changes of sound waves at different Hertz (Hz) frequencies and SMPL amplitudes will be compared between patients with lumbar disc herniation and relatively healthy individuals. | The discovery of characteristic sound waves may take 3 months. | 
| Diagnostic test | The percentage (%) of specificity, sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of the Pulse Detection System of Sound Waves in the diagnosis of patients with lumbar disc herniation. | Diagnostic tests may take about 1 month. | 
| Sound waves analysis | The Hertz (Hz) of the different segments of the sound waves in Wavelet transform. The Hertz (Hz) of the different layers of the sound waves in Hilbert-Huang. The SMPL amplitudes of the sound waves in Discrete Fourier Transform. The sampEn of sound waves in Sample Entropy. | 1 month. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Diagnostic Test, Lumbar Disc Herniation, Radial Artery