To Determine the Activity and Mechanisms of Cranberries to Attenuate Skin Photoaging and Improve Skin Health in Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Previous studies have shown that cranberry phytochemicals scavenge reactive carbonyls. Cranberry polyphenols have been reported to attenuate collagen degradation and inhibit oxidative stress in human cells. We hypothesize that cranberry juice consumption will attenuate skin photoaging and improve skin health in women via alleviate oxidative stress.

Detailed Description
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One of the causative factors of skin ageing is cumulative oxidative damages due to aerobic metabolism and UV irradiation. Cumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes collagen glycation and crosslinking which are direct causes of skin ageing. Previous studies have shown that cranberry phytochemicals scavenge reactive carbonyls. Cranberry polyphenols have been reported to attenuate collagen degradation and inhibit oxidative stress in human cells. It is unknown whether cranberry juice consumption could protect against UV -induced erythema and improve overall skin health. Furthermore, if it does have effect, what will be the mechanism? This human intervention study will be conducted to answer these questions. We hypothesize that cranberry juice consumption will attenuate skin photoaging and improve skin health in women via alleviate oxidative stress.

Official Title
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To Determine the Activity and Mechanisms of Cranberries to Attenuate Skin Photoaging and Improve Skin Health in Women

Conditions
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Skin Health

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Cranberry juice
* Other: Placebo juice


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy BMI (18.5-29.9) Body weight ≥110 pounds Exclusion Criteria: Skin Cancer Smokers and frequent alcohol use Pregnancy Breast-feeding intake of medication that might influence the outcome of the study sunbathing or the use of tanning bed intake of vitamin/mineral supplements

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Group A<br>Participants in this arm will be provided cranberry juice to consume for 42 days in total. After a 10-21-day washout period participants will receive placebo juice for 42 days. | Other: Cranberry juice<br>* cranberry juice cocktail provided by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.<br>Other: Placebo juice<br>* apple juice added with flavor and colorants provided by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Group B<br>Participants in this arm will be provided placebo juice to consume for 42 days in total. After a 10-21-day washout period participants will receive cranberry juice to consume for 42 days | Other: Cranberry juice<br>* cranberry juice cocktail provided by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.<br>Other: Placebo juice<br>* apple juice added with flavor and colorants provided by Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline Skin color change after UV irradiation at 28 days | Irradiation will be applied to dorsal skin (region not typically exposed to the sun) using an FDA approved UVB phototherapy light and a UV light meter. At each assessment, skin color will be measured before and 24 h after irradiation. Skin color will be evaluated by a colorimeter using the 3-dimensional color system with L-, a-, and b-values. L- and b- values assess lightness and browning effects, respectively. The a-value (red/green-axis) is a measure for reddening (erythema). The Δa-values (a-value 24 h after irradiation minus a-value before irradiation) will compared between baseline through 3 months; decreasing Δa-values indicates a photoprotective effect. | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change from baseline Skin transepidermal water loss | Skin transepidermal water loss an will be measured using a Tewameter (CK Electronic GmbH, Germany). This is a handheld probes that allow for quick and easy measurements | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change from baseline SELS parameters | SELS (Surface evaluation of the Living Skin) parameters, including smoothness, roughness, scaliness, and wrinkles, will be determined using a Visioscan VC20. This hand-hold device scans a 1 cm x 1 cm skin area (https://www.courage-khazaka.de/en/scientific-products/all-products/imaging/16-wissenschaftliche-produkte/alle-produkte/150-visioscan-e). Visioscan VC20 scanner consists of a camera, a high- resolution video sensor, and a UVA light no hazardous to human skin. | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change in skin microbiome | For skin swabbing, a 4x4-cm square on a forearm will be swabbed with a cotton swab soaked in 0.9% sodium chloride with 0.1% Tween-20 in a Z-stroke manner. | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change in baseline skin pH | Skin pH will be assessed using a skin pH meter (CK Electronic GmbH, Germany). This is a handheld probes that allow for quick and easy measurements. | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change from baseline hydration | Skin hydration will be measured with a Corneometer (CK Electronic GmbH, Germany. This is a handheld probe that allows for quick and easy measurements. | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change in Skin erythema and melanin index | Skin erythema and melanin index will be assessed with a Mexameter, (CK Electronic GmbH, Germany). Each of these are handheld probes that allow for quick and easy measurements | Baseline, 28 days | 
| Change in skin lipidome | Stratum corneum layer on forearm skin will be sampled with 16 D-squame® tapes using a standard noninvasive tape stripping technique. This will be sent for lipidomic analysis | baseline, 28 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Survival rate of human keratinocyte under UV light | The immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) will be cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Cells will be incubated with human serum collected after 2-hour and 4-hour cranberry juice intake or water intake for 24 hours. | 24 hours |