Acute Exercise on Neurocognitive Function Among Adults With/Without Generic Risk of AD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study explores the acute exercise effect on neurocognitive function and also its potential moderators in an exercise setting and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic risk.

Detailed Description
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Acute exercise has emerged as a modifier to multiple aspects of cognitive function; however, its effect on populations with different risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of exercise variance and APOE genotype within the effect reminds underestimated. The current study aimed to examine the acute exercise effect on neurocognitive function from behavioral and neuroelectric perspectives among cognitively normal late-middle-aged adults. Additionally, we determined whether variations in exercise intensity and duration and the presence of the APOE ɛ4 allele modulated the effect.

Official Title
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Acute Exercise Effect on Neurocognitive Function Among Cognitively Normal Late-Middle-Aged Adults With/Without Generic Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: The Moderation Role of Exercise Volume and Apolipoprotein E Genotype

Conditions
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Alzheimer Disease 2 Due to Apoe4 Isoform

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: LI-40
* Behavioral: MI-30
* Behavioral: HI-16


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adults aged between 50 and 70 years old Normal or corrected-to-normal vision based on the minimal 20/20 standard Cognitively normal as mini-mental state examination scores (MMSE) > 26 Exclusion Criteria: Neurological or psychiatric disorders Cardiovascular disease Risk of cardiovascular fitness assessment based on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) Red-green color blindness.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 50 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The present study adopted a counterbalanced design. All participants were instructed to complete four counterbalanced treatments: a) longer duration (LI-40), b) moderate-intensity with 30 min (MI-30), c) high-intensity with shorter duration (HI-16), and d) control treatments.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Low-intensity with longer duration (40-min) exercise (LI-40)<br>The participants were instructed to complete a volume-matched low-intensity with longer duration (40-min) exercise (LI-40) treatment. | Behavioral: LI-40<br>* Participants were asked to complete a volume-matched light-intensity exercise for 30-min. The exercise volume was pre-determined based on the energy expenditure (kcal) calculated with 5-min warm-up stage, 20-min main exercise stage (i.e., moderate intensity as 50%-60 % heart rate reserve, HRR), and 5-min cool-down stage.<br>* Other names: Light intensity 40-min exercise;|
| Experimental: Moderate-intensity with 30 min exercise (MI-30)<br>The participants were instructed to complete a volume-matched moderate-intensity with 30 min exercise (MI-30) treatment. | Behavioral: MI-30<br>* Participants were asked to complete a volume-matched moderate-intensity exercise for 20-min. The exercise volume was pre-determined based on the energy expenditure (kcal) calculated with 5-min warm-up stage, 20-min main exercise stage (i.e., moderate intensity as 50%-60 % heart rate reserve, HRR), and 5-min cool-down stage.<br>* Other names: Moderate intensity 30-min exercise;|
| Experimental: High-intensity with shorter duration (16-min) exercise (HI-16)<br>The participants were instructed to complete a volume-matched high-intensity with shorter duration (16-min) exercise (HI-16) treatment. | Behavioral: HI-16<br>* Participants were asked to complete a volume-matched high-intensity exercise for 16-min. The exercise volume was pre-determined based on the energy expenditure (kcal) calculated with 5-min warm-up stage, 20-min main exercise stage (i.e., moderate intensity as 50%-60 % heart rate reserve, HRR), and 5-min cool-down stage.<br>* Other names: High intensity 16-min exercise;|
| No Intervention: Control treatment (CON)<br>The participants in the control treatment (CON) were instructed to complete book reading for 30-min. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stroop task: Response time | A computerized Stroop task was used to assess participants' inhibitory control and basic information processing. The response time of the correct responses was calculated for the first behavioral index. | Participants were required to complete the Stroop task approximately 30 min following the cessation of each acute exercise treatment or the 30-min reading. | 
| Stroop task: Accuracy | A computerized Stroop task was used to assess participants' inhibitory control and basic information processing. The accuracy was calculated for the second behavioral index. | Participants were required to complete the Stroop task approximately 30 min following the cessation of each acute exercise treatment or the 30-min reading. | 
| Event-related potential: P3 amplitude | The event-related potential from parietal electrodes (i.e., P3, Pz, and P4) were initially outputted for the mean P3 amplitude; the averaged mean P3 amplitudes from parietal electrodes was then calculated as the neuroelectrical indices. | Participants were required to complete the Stroop task while EEG activity was continuously recorded approximately 30 min following the cessation of each acute exercise treatment or the 30-min reading. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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aerobic exercise, APOE genotype, event-related potential, executive function, exercise prescription