Nitric Oxide in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA ECMO)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This pilot study is designed to investigate the effect of inhaled nitric oxide on cardiac, pulmonary artery, and systemic hemodynamics at various time points during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. Patients who have been initiated on VA-ECMO will be invited to participate. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) will be used early after VA-ECMO cannulation (once consent is obtained). After baseline hemodynamic, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters are assessed, iNO will be initiated and all parameters will be reassessed after 30 minutes and 6 hours. Inhaled nitric oxide will then be discontinued and all parameters repeated. At the time of VA-ECMO weaning (timing determined by clinical team), iNO will be reinitiated with repeat assessment of hemodynamic, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters both prior to the wean and after the wean (whether successful or not).

Detailed Description
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This is a proof of concept, pilot, phase II study using iNO in patients on VA-ECMO. Stage 1 will assess the participant's response to iNO early after cannulation. Stage 2 will assess the participant's response to iNO during the ECMO weaning process. Stage 1 Patients in whom VA-ECMO is being initiated will be invited to participate. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters will be measured immediately prior to iNO administration and repeated 30 minutes after iNO initiation. iNO will be continued for six hours to allow hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters to stabilize as per previous protocols in the literature. After six hours, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters will be re-assessed after which iNO will be discontinued. All parameters will be re-evaluated 30 minutes after iNO discontinuation. Stage 2 A weaning trial will be performed at 1) the earliest signs of myocardial recovery or b) day 5. Myocardial recovery will be defined as: mean arterial pressure > 60 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) on no or minimal inotropic/vasopressor support, arterial pulse pressure > 10 mmHg, and minimal respiratory support (oxygen saturation > 88% on < 2 liters by nasal cannulae, or minimal ventilator setting if intubated). Inhaled nitric oxide will be re-initiated 30 minutes prior to the ECMO weaning trial. Adequacy of perfusion will be defined as a mixed venous oxygen saturation of > 70%. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameter will be recorded immediately prior to iNO administration and then at 30 minutes prior to the ECMO weaning trial. ECMO will be weaned as per the standard protocol at the University Health Network with re-assessment of all parameters after weaning is complete. When ECMO weaning is unsuccessful, these parameters will be recorded immediately prior to re-initiation of full flow VA-ECMO and 30 minutes thereafter. VA-ECMO weaning will be re-attempted at 24-48 hours at the discretion of the medical team.

Official Title
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Nitric Oxide in Right Ventricular Dysfunction: Improvements in Clinical and Hemodynamic Parameters on Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO; NOVICE)

Conditions
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Nitric Oxide, Shock, Cardiogenic

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Inhaled nitric oxide


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age>18years History or evidence of left ventricular failure Exclusion Criteria: ECMO cannulation site other than the femoral vein and artery Insufficient echocardiographic images to assess ventricular function Right ventricular assist device Uncorrected congenital heart disease Primary graft failure No cardiac output on bedside ECHO (LVEF<5%) Pregnant or breastfeeding

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Inhaled nitric oxide<br> | Drug: Inhaled nitric oxide<br>* Stage 1: Patients in whom VA ECMO is being initiated will be invited to participate. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters will be measured immediately prior to iNO administration, and thirty minutes after initiation. After six hours, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters will be re-assessed after which iNO will be weaned. All parameters will be re-evaluated 30 minutes after iNO discontinuation. Stage 2: iNO will be re-initiated 30 minutes prior to the ECMO weaning trial. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameter will be recorded immediately prior to iNO administration and then at 30 minutes prior to the ECMO weaning trial. When ECMO weaning is unsuccessful, these parameters will be recorded immediately prior to re-initiation of full flow VA ECMO and 30 minutes thereafter. If successful, data will be collected after the wean and after iNO discontinuation.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Participant recruitment | Recruitment of ten participants | February 2020 | 
| Right Heart - Qualitative function, change from baseline | Mild/moderate/severe dysfunction as determined by reading echocardiographer | After 6 hours of inhaled nitric oxide | 
| Right Heart - Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), change from baseline | Measured in milimeters | After 6 hours of inhaled nitric oxide | 
| Right Heart - RV fractional area change, change from baseline | Measured in percent | After 6 hours of inhaled nitric oxide | 
| Right Heart - longitudinal myocardial velocity (S'), change from baseline | Measured in meters per second | After 6 hours of inhaled nitric oxide | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Left Heart Function | Left ventricular ejection fraction | After 6 hours of inhaled nitric oxide | 
| Weaning success | Explore the effect of iNO on the rate of successful VA ECMO weaning. | Within 5 days of cannulation but may be repeated at 7 days if initially unsuccessful. | 
| Long-term RV function | Assess RV function after LVAD implantation or cardiac transplantation if these occur during the same hospitalization. | Within three months of initial ECMO cannulation. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Venoarterial ECMO, VA-ECMO weaning, Inhaled nitric oxide, Right ventricle