Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This randomized, controlled trial study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) on social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination among individuals diagnosed with social anxiety in Tehran, Iran.

Detailed Description
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A total of 52 individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (68% female, mean age = 35.67) were allocated to a CBT group or to a control group. The intervention group was given one session of therapy per week over a duration of 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention and was placed on a waiting list. Self-reported social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination were measured before the CBT intervention, after the intervention, and two months after the intervention for both groups.

Official Title
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Conditions
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Social Anxiety Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants formally diagnosed with SAD by psychologists who determined the individual meet criteria outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Exclusion Criteria: If participants report a history of psychiatric disorders within the past 12 months such as schizophrenia, dementia, depression, alcohol and other drug addiction. Participants could not partake if they were pregnant Participants enroll in another psychological treatment program.
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention study<br>Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for social anxiety | Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination<br>* Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.<br>|
| Experimental: Social anxiety<br> | Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination<br>* Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change: Social anxiety | Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for measuring social anxiety. this scale comprises of fear or anxiety and avoidance and sub-scales are combine (summed) to compute total score. Total score ranging from 0 to 144, and An individual who gets a total score over 60 in this measure is considered to have social anxiety | a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change: Rumination and Reflection | Rumination and Reflection Questionnair for measuring rumination and reflection: This scale comprises rumination and reflection. Each sub-scale comprises 12 items, and total scores ranged from 12 to 60. An individual who gets higher score is considered to have high rumination/ reflection. | a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months)) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, Rumination, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy