Pevonedistat Plus Azacitidine Versus Single-Agent Azacitidine as First-Line Treatment for Participants With Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (HR MDS), Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML), or Low-Blast Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination of pevonedistat and azacitidine improves event-free survival (EFS) when compared with single-agent azacitidine. (An event is defined as death or transformation to AML in participants with MDS or CMML, whichever occurs first, and is defined as death in participants with low-blast AML).

Detailed Description
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The drug being tested in this study is called pevonedistat. Pevonedistat is being tested to treat people with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and low-blast acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) as a combination treatment with azacitidine. This study will look at the overall survival, event-free survival and response to treatment in people who take pevonedistat and azacitidine when compared to people who take single-agent azacitidine. The study will enroll approximately 450 participants. Once enrolled, participants will be randomly assigned in 1:1 ratio (by chance, like flipping a coin) to one of the two treatment groups in 28-day treatment cycles: Pevonedistat 20 mg/m^2 and azacitidine 75 mg/m^2 combination Single-agent azacitidine 75 mg/m^2 All participants will receive azacitidine via intravenous or subcutaneous route. Participants randomized to the combination arm will also receive pevonedistat intravenous infusion. This multi-center trial will be conducted Spain, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, the United States, Australia, Greece, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Russia, Korea, Turkey, China and United Kingdom. The overall time to participate in this study is approximately 63 months. Participants will attend the end-of-treatment visit 30 days after the last dose of study drug or before the start of subsequent anti-neoplastic therapy if that occurs sooner. Participants with HR MDS or CMML will have EFS follow-up study visits every month if their disease has not transformed to AML and they have not started subsequent therapy. Participants with low-blast AML will have response follow-up study visits every month until they relapse from CR or meet the criteria for PD. All participants will enter OS follow-up (contacted every 3 months) when they have confirmed transformation to AML (for participants with HR MDS or CMML at enrollment) or experienced PD (for participants with low-blast AML at study enrollment).

Official Title
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A Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Clinical Study of Pevonedistat Plus Azacitidine Versus Single-Agent Azacitidine as First-Line Treatment for Patients With Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia, or Low-Blast Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Conditions
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Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Azacitidine
* Drug: Pevonedistat


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Has morphologically confirmed diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or CMML (i.e., with white blood cell [WBC] <13,000/microliter [mcL]) or low-blast acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Has MDS or CMML and must also have one of the following Prognostic Risk Categories, based on the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R): Very high (>6 points). High (>4.5-6 points). Intermediate (>3-4.5 points): a participant determined to be in the Intermediate Prognostic Risk Category is only allowable in the setting of >=5% bone marrow myeloblasts. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of 0, 1, or 2. Participants with AML (20%-30% blasts) must have a treatment-related mortality (TRM) score >=4 for intensive, induction chemotherapy as calculated using the simplified model described by Walter and coworkers. Calculation of TRM score: 0 for (age <61 years), +2 for (age 61-70 years), +4 for (age >=71 years). + 0 for (PS=0), +2 for (PS=1), +4 for (PS >1). + 0 for (platelets <50), +1 for (platelets >=50). Exclusion Criteria: Has previous treatment for HR MDS or CMML or low-blast AML with chemotherapy or other antineoplastic agents including hypomethylating agent (HMAs) such as decitabine or azacitidine. Previous treatment is permitted with hydroxyurea and with lenalidomide, except that lenalidomide may not be given within 8 weeks before the first dose of study drug. Has acute promyelocytic leukemia as diagnosed by morphologic examination of bone marrow, by fluorescent in situ hybridization or cytogenetics of peripheral blood or bone marrow, or by other accepted analysis. Participants with AML with a WBC count >50,000/mcL. Participants who are cytoreduced with leukapheresis or with hydroxyurea may be enrolled if they meet the eligibility criteria. Is eligible for intensive chemotherapy and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The reason a participant is not eligible for intensive chemotherapy and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation may consist of one or more of the following factors: Age >75. Comorbidities. Inability to tolerate intensive chemotherapy (e.g., participants with AML with 20%-30% blasts and TRM >=4). Physician decision (e.g., lack of available stem cell donor). The reason a participant is not eligible should be documented in the electronic case report form (eCRF). Has either clinical evidence of or history of central nervous system involvement by AML. Has active uncontrolled infection or severe infectious disease, such as severe pneumonia, meningitis, or septicemia. Is diagnosed or treated for another malignancy within 2 years before randomization or previously diagnosed with another malignancy and have any evidence of residual disease. Has nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of any type are not excluded if they have undergone resection. Has prothrombin time (PT) or aPTT >1.5× upper limit of normal (ULN) or active uncontrolled coagulopathy or bleeding disorder. Participants therapeutically anticoagulated with warfarin, direct thrombin inhibitors, direct factor Xa inhibitors, or heparin are excluded from enrollment. Has known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive. Has known hepatitis B surface antigen seropositive, or known or suspected active hepatitis C infection. Note: Participants who have isolated positive hepatitis B core antibody (i.e., in the setting of negative hepatitis B surface antigen and negative hepatitis B surface antibody) must have an undetectable hepatitis B viral load. Has known hepatic cirrhosis or severe preexisting hepatic impairment. Has known cardiopulmonary disease defined as unstable angina, clinically significant arrhythmia, congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV), and/or myocardial infarction within 6 months before first dose, or severe pulmonary hypertension. Has treatment with strong cytochrome P 3A (CYP3A) inducers within 14 days before the first dose of pevonedistat.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Azacitidine 75 mg/m^2<br>Azacitidine 75 milligram per square meter (mg/m^2) intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) injection on Days 1 to 5, Days 8 and 9, in 28-day treatment cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or up to approximately 42 months. | Drug: Azacitidine<br>* Azacitidine intravenous or subcutaneous formulation.<br>|
| Experimental: Pevonedistat 20 mg/m^2 + Azacitidine 75 mg/m^2<br>Azacitidine 75 mg/m^2 IV or SC injection on Days 1 to 5, Days 8 and 9 and pevonedistat 20 mg/m^2 IV infusion, on Days 1, 3, and 5 in 28-day treatment cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or up to approximately 42 months. | Drug: Azacitidine<br>* Azacitidine intravenous or subcutaneous formulation.<br>Drug: Pevonedistat<br>* Pevonedistat intravenous infusion.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event-Free Survival (EFS) | EFS was defined as the time from randomization to the date of an EFS event. An EFS event was defined as death or transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (World Health Organization [WHO] classification as a participant having greater than 20 % blasts in the blood or marrow and an increase of blast count by 50%), whichever event occurred first, in participants with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMML). An EFS event was defined as death in participants with low-blast AML. | From randomization until transformation to acute myeloid leukemia, or death due to any cause up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Overall Survival (OS) | Overall survival was defined as the time from randomization to death from any cause. | Up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Kaplan-Meier Estimates of Six-Month Survival Rate | Kaplan-Meier estimates for the probability (expressed as a percentage) of participants that survived at the end of Month 6 from randomization are presented. | Up to Month 6 | 
| Kaplan-Meier Estimates of One-Year Survival Rate | Kaplan-Meier estimates for the probability (expressed as a percentage) of participants that survived at the end of the first year from randomization are presented. | Up to Year 1 | 
| Thirty-Day Mortality Reported as Number of Participants Who Died Up to Day 30 | 30-day mortality was defined as number of participants who died within 30 days from the first dose of study drug. | Up to Day 30 | 
| Sixty-Day Mortality Reported as Number of Participants Who Died Up to Day 60 | 60-day mortality was defined as number of participants who died within 60 days from the first dose of study drug. | Up to Day 60 | 
| Time to Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Transformation in Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (HR MDS), Higher-Risk Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemias (HR CMML) and HR MDS/CMML Participants | Time to AML transformation in HR MDS and CMML participants was defined as time from randomization to documented AML transformation as determined by the independent review committee (IRC) assessment. Participants who died before progression to AML were censored. Transformation to AML was defined, according to WHO classification, as a participant having 20% blasts in the blood or marrow and increase of blast count by 50%. | From randomization until transformation to AML till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With Complete Remission (CR) and CR+ Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi) | CR for HR MDS or CMML is defined as <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all cell lines in the bone marrow, and greater than or equal to >=11 gram per deciliter (g/dL) hemoglobin (Hgb),>=100*10^9/liter (/L) platelets (pl),>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils and 0% blasts in peripheral blood. CR for low-blast AML: morphologic leukemia-free state, neutrophils of more than 1.0*10^9/L and pl of >=100*10^9/L, transfusion independence, and no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia. CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) for low-blast AML: participants fulfill all of the criteria for CR except for residual neutropenia (<1.0*10^9/L) or thrombocytopenia (pl<100*10^9/L). | From randomization until CR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With CR and Marrow CR | Disease responses for HR MDS or CMML are based on the International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for MDS. CR for HR MDS or CMML is defined as <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all cell lines in the bone marrow, and >=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L platelets (pl), >=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils and 0% blasts in peripheral blood. Marrow CR: Bone marrow: <=5% myeloblasts and decrease by >=50% over pretreatment. | From randomization until CR or marrow CR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With CR, Partial Remission (PR) and Hematologic Improvement (HI) | Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS. CR: <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines, >=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L pl, >=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils,0% blasts in peripheral blood. Marrow CR: Bone marrow: <=5% myeloblasts and decrease by >=50% over pretreatment. PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts >=50% decrease over pretreatment but still >5%. HI: Hgb increase >=1.5 g/dL if <11 g/dL; pl increase >=30*10^9/L if baseline>20*10^9/L or increase from <20*10^9/L to >20*10^9/L and by at least 100%; neutrophil increase by 100% and absolute increase of >0.5*10^9/L if baseline <1.0*10^9/L. | From randomization until, CR, PR or HI till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With CR and Marrow CR and PR | Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS. CR: <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines, >=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L pl, >=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils,0% blasts in peripheral blood. Marrow CR: Bone marrow: <=5% myeloblasts and decrease by >=50% over pretreatment. PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts >=50% decrease over pretreatment but still >5%. | From randomization until CR or Marrow CR and PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With CR and Marrow CR, PR and Hematologic Improvement (HI) | Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS. CR: <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines, >=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L pl, >=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils,0% blasts in peripheral blood. Marrow CR: Bone marrow: <=5% myeloblasts and decrease by >=50% over pretreatment. PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts >=50% decrease over pretreatment but still>5%. HI: Hgb increase >=1.5 g/dL if baseline <11 g/dL; pl increase >=30*10^9/L if baseline>20*10^9/L or increases from <20*10^9/L to >20*10^9/L and by at least 100%; neutrophil increases by 100% and absolute increases of >0.5*10^9/L if baseline <1.0*10^9/L. | From randomization until CR, marrow CR, PR or HI till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With Overall Response (OR) | Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS; for low-blast AML on Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. Overall response=CR or PR for HR MDS/CMML and CR + CRi + PR for low-blast AML. CR for HR MDS/CMML: <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines, >=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L pl, >=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils, 0% blasts in peripheral blood and PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts >=50% decrease over pretreatment but still>5%. For low-blast AML-CR:morphologic leukemia-free state>1.0*10^9 neutrophils, >=100*10^9/L pl, transfusion independence, no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia; CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia <1.0*10^9/L or pl <100*10^9/L; PR: all CR hematological values but >=50% decrease in bone marrow aspirate. | From randomization until CR and PR or CR, CRi and PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With Overall Response 2 (OR2) | OR2=participant with best overall response of CR+PR+HI in HR MDS/CMML participants,or of CR+CRi+PR in low-blast AML participants.CR:≤5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow(BM)cell lines,≥11g/dL Hgb,≥100*10^9/L pl,≥1.0*10^9/L neutrophils,0% blasts in peripheral blood;PR:all CR criteria met except BM blasts ≥50% decrease over pretreatment but still >5%;HI:Hgb increase(inc) ≥1.5g/dL if baseline(BL)<11 g/dL;pl inc≥30*10^9/L if BL>20*10^9/L or inc from <20*10^9/L to >20*10^9/L and by 100%;neutrophil inc by 100%;absolute inc of >0.5*10^9/L if BL<100*10^9/L.For low-blast AML-CR:morphologic leukemia-free state >1.0*10^9 neutrophils,≥100*10^9/L pl,transfusion independence,no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia;CR with incomplete blood count recovery:fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia <1.0*10^9/L or pl<100*10^9/L;PR:all CR hematological values but ≥50% decrease in BM aspirate.Number of responders determined by independent review committee(IRC) assessment. | From randomization until, CR, PR or HI or CR, CRi or PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Duration of Complete Remission (CR) | Duration of CR is first documented CR to the first documentation of PD or relapse from CR (participants with low-blast AML) or relapse after CR or PR (participants with HR MDS/CMML). Disease responses for HR MDS or CMML are based on the Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS and for low-blast AML on the Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. CR for HR MDS or CMML is defined as <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all cell lines in the bone marrow, and greater than or equal to >=11 g/dL Hgb,>=100*10^9/L pl,>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils and 0% blasts in peripheral blood. CR for low-blast AML: morphologic leukemia-free state, neutrophils of more than 1.0*10^9/L and pl of >=100*10^9/L, transfusion independence, and no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia. CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) for low-blast AML: participants fulfill all of the criteria for CR except for residual neutropenia (<1.0*10^9/L) or thrombocytopenia (pl<100*10^9/L). | From CR until first documentation of PD or relapse from CR or relapse after CR or PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Duration of Complete Remission + Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi) | Duration of CR is first documented CR to the first documentation of PD or relapse from CR (participants with low-blast AML). Disease responses for low-blast AML were based on the Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. CR is defined as <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all cell lines in the bone marrow, and greater than or equal to >=11 g/dL hemoglobin (Hgb),>=100*10^9/liter (/L) platelets (pl),>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils and 0% blasts in peripheral blood. CR for low-blast AML: morphologic leukemia-free state, neutrophils of more than 1.0*10^9/L and pl of >=100*10^9/L, transfusion independence, and no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia. CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) for low-blast AML: participants fulfill all of the criteria for CR except for residual neutropenia (<1.0*10^9/L) or thrombocytopenia (pl<100*10^9/L). | From CR until first documentation of PD or relapse from CR or relapse after CR or PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Duration of Overall Response (OR) | Duration of OR: response to first documentation of PD or relapse from CR for low-blast AML or relapse after CR or PR for HR MDS/CMML. Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS; for low-blast AML on Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. Overall response=CR+PR for HR MDS/CMML and CR+Cri+ PR for low-blast AML.CR for HR MDS/CMML:<=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines,>=11 g/dL Hgb,>=100*10^9/L pl,>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils,0% blasts in peripheral blood and PR:all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts>=50% decrease over pretreatment but still >5%. For low-blast AML-CR: morphologic leukemia-free state >1.0*10^9 neutrophils,>=100*10^9/L pl, transfusion independence, no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia; CR with CRi: fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia <1.0*10^9/L or pl <100*10^9/L; PR: all CR hematological values but >=50% decrease in % of blasts in bone marrow aspirate. | Up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Duration of Overall Response 2 (OR2) | Duration of OR2: from date of first documentation of CR+PR+HI to first documentation of PD/relapse after CR/PR for responders of CR+PR+HI for HR MDS/CMML and CR,CRi,PR for low-blast AML. For HR MDS/CMML-CR:<=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines,>=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L pl,>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils, 0% blasts in peripheral blood; PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts>=50% decrease over pretreatment, still >5%; HI:Hgb inc >=1.5 g/dL if baseline <11 g/dL; pl inc>=30*10^9/L if baseline>20*10^9/L or inc from<20*10^9/L to>20*10^9/L by at least 100%; neutrophil inc by 100% and absolute inc of >0.5*10^9/L if baseline <1.0*10^9/L.For low-blast AML-CR: morphologic leukemia-free state,>1.0*10^9 neutrophils,>=100*10^9/L pl, transfusion independence, no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia;CRi: fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia<1.0*10^9/L or pl <100*10^9/L;PR:all CR hematological values but>=50% decrease in bone marrow aspirate. | Up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Percentage of Participants With Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and Platelet-transfusion Independence | A participant was defined as RBC or platelet-transfusion independent if he/she received no RBC or platelet transfusions for a period of at least 8 weeks before the first dose of study drug through 30 days after the last dose of any study drug. Rate of transfusion independence was defined as number of participants who became transfusion independent divided by the number of participants who were transfusion dependent at Baseline. | Up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Duration of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and Duration of Platelet-transfusion Independence and Duration of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and Platelet-transfusion Independence | Duration of RBC and platelet transfusion independence was defined as the longest time between the last RBC and/or platelet transfusion before the start of the RBC and/or platelet transfusion-independent period and the first RBC and/or platelet transfusion after the start of the transfusion-independent period, which occurs >= 8 weeks later. | Up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Time to First Complete Remission (CR) or Partial Remission (PR) or Complete Remission With Incomplete Blood Count Recovery (CRi) | Time to first CR or PR is defined as the time from randomization to first documented CR or PR, whichever occurs first. Disease responses for HR MDS or CMML or low-blast AML cycle 6 are based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS and for low-blast AML on Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. For HR MDS or CMML-CR:<=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines,>=11 g/dL Hgb,>=100*10^9/L pl,>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils, 0% blasts in peripheral blood; PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts>=50% decrease over pretreatment but still>5%; For low-blast AML-CR: morphologic leukemia-free state,>1.0*10^9/L neutrophils, pl>=100*10^9/L, transfusion independence, no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia; CR with incomplete blood count recovery: fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia<1.0*10^9/L or pl <100*10^9/L; PR: all CR hematological values but with a decrease of at least 50% in the percentage of blasts to 5% to 25% in the bone marrow aspirate. | From randomization until CR or PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With Hematologic Improvement (HI) | Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS. HI: Hgb increase >=1.5 g/dL if baseline <11 g/dL; pl increase >=30*10^9/L if baseline >20*10^9/L or increase from <20*10^9/L to >20*10^9/L by at least 100%; neutrophil increase by 100% and absolute increase of >0.5*10^9/L if baseline <1.0*10^9/L. | From randomization until HI till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With at Least 1 Inpatient Hospital Admissions Related to HR MDS, CMML or Low-blast AML | Inpatient hospital admission data was collected through transformation to AML (HR MDS/CMML participants) or disease progression (low-blast AML participants) or until initiation of subsequent therapy (all participants), whichever occurred first. Transformation to AML is defined, according to WHO Classification, as a participant having 20% blasts in the blood or marrow and increase of blast count by 50%. | From randomization until transformation to AML or until initiation of subsequent therapy till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Time to Progressive Disease (PD), Relapse After CR (Low-blast AML), Relapse After CR or PR (HR MDS/CMML), or Death | Time to PD, relapse after CR(low-blast AML), relapse after CR or PR(HR MDS/CMML), or death,defined as time from date of randomization until date of first documentation of PD,relapse after CR(low-blast AML),relapse after CR or PR(HR MDS/CMML),or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. In HR MDS/CMML,PD: Participants with<5% blasts:>=50% inc >5% blasts, with 5%-9% blasts:>=50% inc>10% blasts, with 10%-19% blasts:>=50% inc >20% blasts,with 20%-30% blasts, at least 50% decrement from maximum remission/response in granulocytes or pl or reduction in Hgb by>=2 g/dL/new transfusion dependence.Relapse after CR or PR: return to pretreatment bone marrow blast %/Decrement of >=50% from maximum remission/response levels in granulocytes/pl/reduction in Hgb conc.>=1.5 g/dL/transfusion dependence. In AML,PD:>50% inc in bone marrow blasts to >30% blasts,>50% inc in circulating blasts to>30% blasts in peripheral blood, Development of extramedullary disease/new sites of extramedullary leukemia. | From randomization until PD, relapse after CR, or relapse after CR or PR, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) Using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire- Core 30 | The EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 30 items across 5 functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), 9 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, dyspnea, sleep disturbance, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties) and a global health status/QOL scale. Most of the 30 items have 4 response levels (not at all, a little, quite a bit, and very much), with 2 questions relying on a 7-point numeric rating scale. Raw scores are converted into scale scores ranging from 0 to 100. For the functional scales and the global health status/QOL scale, higher scores represent better QOL; for the symptom scales, lower scores represent better QOL. The percentage of participants for each parameter score were categorized as improved, stable, and worsened. Only categories with at least one participant with event are reported. | Up to data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Plasma Concentration of Pevonedistat |  | Cycle 1 Day 1 predose and multiple time points (up to 4 hours) post dose; Cycle 1 Days 3 and 5 predose; Cycle 2 and 4 Day 1 at multiple time points (up to 3 hours) post dose; Cycle 4 Day 3 predose (Cycle length= 28 days) | 
| Number of Participants With Overall Response in Participants Who Have TP53 Mutations, 17p Deletions, and/or Are Determined to be in an Adverse Cytogenetic Risk Group | Disease responses for HR MDS/CMML based on Modified IWG Response Criteria for MDS; for low-blast AML on Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. Overall response=CR + PR for HR MDS/CMML and CR + CRi + PR for low-blast AML. CR for HR MDS/CMML: <=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines, >=11 g/dL Hgb, >=100*10^9/L pl, >=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils,0% blasts in peripheral blood and PR: all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts>=50% decrease over pretreatment but still>5%. For low-blast AML-CR: morphologic leukemia-free state, >1.0*10^9 neutrophils,>=100*10^9/L pl, transfusion independence, no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia; CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi): fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia<1.0*10^9/L or pl<100*10^9/L; PR: all CR hematological values but>=50% decrease in the percentage of blasts to 5% to 25% in bone marrow aspirate. | From randomization until CR, CRi and PR till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Event-Free Survival in Participants Who Have TP53 Mutations, 17p Deletions, and/or Are Determined to be in an Adverse Cytogenetic Risk Group | Event was defined as death or transformation to AML in participants with MDS or CMML, whichever occurred first. Transformation to AML was defined, according to World Health Organization (WHO) Classification as a participant having >20% blasts in the blood or marrow and increase of blast count by 50%. Event was defined as death in participants with low-blast AML. | From randomization until transformation to AML if eligible or death till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Overall Survival in Participants Who Have TP53 Mutations, 17p Deletions, and/or Are Determined to be in an Adverse Cytogenetic Risk Group | OS was calculated from date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause. Participants without documented death at the time of the analysis were censored as of the date the participant was last known to be alive. | From randomization until death till data cut-off date: 28 May 2021 (up to approximately 42 months) | 
| Number of Participants With Overall Response by Cycle 6 | Responses for HR MDS/CMML are based on Modified International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for MDS and for low-blast AML on Revised IWG Response Criteria for AML. Overall response=CR and PR for HR MDS/CMML and CR+CR with incomplete blood count recovery(CRi)+PR for low-blast AML. CR for HR MDS/CMML:<=5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all bone marrow cell lines,>=11g/dL hemoglobin (Hgb),>=100*10^9/L platelet (pl),>=1.0*10^9/L neutrophils, 0% blasts in peripheral blood, and PR:all CR criteria met except bone marrow blasts >=50% decrease over pretreatment but still >5%. For low-blast AML-CR:morphologic leukemia-free state,>1.0*10^9 neutrophils, >=100*10^9/L pl, transfusion independence, no residual evidence of extramedullary leukemia;CRi:fulfill CR criteria except residual neutropenia <1.0*10^9/L/thrombocytopenia (pl<100*10^9/L); PR:all CR hematological values but>=50% decrease in percentage of blasts to 5%-25% in bone marrow aspirate. | Up to Cycle 6 (up to approximately Day 168) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Drug therapy