Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Different Wound Closure Methods in Immediate Implant Placement in the Aesthetic Zone

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Implant-supported restorations have become one of the best treatment options for patients with tooth loss, with predictable long-term success rates and clinical outcomes. Immediate implant placement means the implant is placed immediately after tooth extraction. It can significantly reduce treatment time because extraction socket healing and implant osseointegration occur simultaneously. Immediate implant placement has many benefits, reducing the overall treatment time, reducing the patient's surgical procedures, and reducing surgical trauma (no flap reversal). However, the treatment also has significant limitations, including the inability to predict the possibility of bone and soft tissue healing, and the possibility of subsequent unfavorable esthetic outcomes. However, the evidence regarding soft and hard tissue and aesthetic outcomes in patients treated with immediate implants in the aesthetic area remains inconclusive. As the aesthetic success of implant restorations is increasingly valued over implant survival, there are significant clinical benefits to addressing immediate implant bone tissue resorption and soft tissue deficiencies and improving the aesthetic outcome of immediate implant restorations. To address the potential health and aesthetic problems associated with soft and hard tissue deficiencies around dental implants, bone grafting in the jumping gap and soft tissue grafting procedures are often performed. According to literature, autologous soft tissue grafts have shown the best clinical and histological results in soft tissue regeneration techniques. However, it requires removal of tissue from the patient's donor area, which can add additional trauma. In contrast, gelatin sponges, currently commonly used as wound closure materials, are only hemostatic and rapidly absorbed postoperatively, and do not provide protection of hard and soft tissue augmentation. Collagen matrix has recently been introduced for keratinized gingival augmentation and has shown encouraging results in preclinical and clinical studies, but more information is needed to confirm its clinical efficacy. Mucograft® Seal is a porcine collagen matrix with a bilayer structure, a dense and slowly absorbing layer and a spongy layer that stabilizes blood clots and allows soft tissue cells to penetrate. Human gingival fibroblasts cultured on Mucograft® were demonstrated to have good proliferative properties and cell viability as scaffold material. In dog extraction sites, preliminary results suggest that the combination of Mucograft® and Bio-Oss Collagen may be an effective method for alveolar ridge preservation. Mucograft® Seal can be used in combination with Bio-Oss Collagen® for alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction. The research hypothesis is that the use of a collagen matrix to seal the wound in immediate implant placement in aesthetic area will reduce buccal bone resorption and increase the width and thickness of the soft tissue at the implant site. Therefore, we designed this comparative clinical trial in which patients accept immediate implant placement in aesthetic area. The implant is placed after tooth extraction, and bone graft material Bio-Oss Collagen® is placed in the jump gap, and the wound was closed by different means (collagen matrix or gelatin sponge randomly). The clinical examination, CBCT imaging and histological evaluations were performed to compare the differences in clinical efficacy of the two wound closure methods. The primary outcome is the buccal bone thickness change at the immediate implant site 4 months after surgery.

Official Title
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Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Different Wound Closure Methods in Immediate Implant Placement in the Aesthetic Zone

Conditions
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Tooth Fracture, Tooth Decay

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Immediate implant placement
* Procedure: Guided bone regeneration
* Procedure: Wound closure with gelatin sponge
* Procedure: Wound closure with collagen matrix


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who are at least 18 years old and in good health; Single tooth in the maxillary anterior aesthetic area to be extracted for immediate implant placement; The labial bone plate is intact and there is sufficient bone in the apical region to ensure initial stability. Healthy intraoral soft tissues and no infection. Exclusion Criteria: Need to place more than 1 implant in the aesthetic area. Heavy smokers (> 10 cigarettes/day). Patients with physical diseases such as: uncontrolled diabetes (fasting glucose > 7.2 mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin > 7%), current intake of bisphosphonate medication, history of head and neck malignancy, history of head and neck radiotherapy, pregnancy or preparation for pregnancy, etc. Patients with uncontrolled periodontitis and unstable periodontal status. Lateral labial bone plate defect; Missing teeth; Allergic to titanium; e. Those who do not wish to participate in this study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Control<br> | Procedure: Immediate implant placement<br>* After tooth extraction, a dental implant is placed immediately.<br>Procedure: Guided bone regeneration<br>* After implant placement, the gap between implant and the buccal bone wall is filled with Bio-oss collagen.<br>Procedure: Wound closure with gelatin sponge<br>* After guided bone regeneration, patient in the control group receive gelatin sponge for wound closure.<br>|
| Experimental: Collagen matrix<br> | Procedure: Immediate implant placement<br>* After tooth extraction, a dental implant is placed immediately.<br>Procedure: Guided bone regeneration<br>* After implant placement, the gap between implant and the buccal bone wall is filled with Bio-oss collagen.<br>Procedure: Wound closure with collagen matrix<br>* After guided bone regeneration, patient in the control group receive collagen matrix (Mucograft Seal) for wound closure.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thickness of the buccal bone | Change in labial alveolar bone thickness, including alveolar bone thickness and implant bone powder thickness | 4 months after implant surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| gingival thickness | Change of gingival thickness | 4 months after implant surgery | 
| success rate | success rate of implant | 4 months after implant surgery | 
| Wound healing | Wound healing status | 2weeks and 4 months after implant surgery | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Immediate implant placement