The Efficiency of Two Different Simulation Methods

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In the literature, it is emphasized that the use of simulation improves the communication skills of the participants and that teamwork is important in providing patient safety and effective care. It is stated that students experience fear and anxiety in practice due to their lack of knowledge and clinical experience. Continuous repetitions and regular feedback provided by the trainings made by applying simulation increase the performance and self-confidence of the student. It is stated that the possibility of repeated application reduces the anxiety of the students. It is seen that different simulation types are used in the development of skills in nursing students in studies on this subject. As a result; It is seen that simulation has unlimited potential as an educational method and tool in nursing education. However; No study was found on a specific nursing practice and within the simulation scenario. of the study; In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using standardized/simulated patient and low-fidelity patient models in head bath practice, which is one of the basic skills of nursing students. As a result of this study, the effective training method in the teaching of the head bath skill, which is taught within the scope of the nursing principles course, will be determined. In addition, it is thought that the periodical follow-up of the students (right after the teaching and at the end of the semester) and the permanence level of this education include a different aspect from other studies.

Detailed Description
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There are different definitions in the literature about simulation. Gaba (2004) defines the simulation technique as reminding or imitating important aspects of the real environment in an interactive way, accompanied by guides, in order to change or improve real experiences. Although there is no single definition of simulation, in general, simulation is a learning method in which a realistic model of an event or process is developed or imitated. Simulation in nursing education is a learning method applied in different ways to minimize the risks that students may encounter in the clinical setting. There are many different types of simulations that provide knowledge and skills to nursing students, guide about the problems that may be encountered in the clinical environment, and are suitable for real situations. These are divided into low-tech simulation models, standard/simulated patient, computer-assisted simulations, virtual reality and touch systems, and integrated simulations. The use of simulation in the nursing education curriculum has many advantages. The use of simulation in nursing education; By providing experience-based learning opportunities, it enables students to increase their self-confidence and improve their clinical decision-making skills. Students gain the ability to perform complete care, decision making, assessment, teamwork, skill development and management in a safe environment without misunderstanding the patient's current situation or fear of failure. The use of simulation in nursing education is gaining importance in Turkey due to the increase in the number of students, insufficient clinical areas and ensuring patient safety.

Official Title
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The Efficiency of Two Different Simulation Methods on Developing Head Bath Skills in Nursing Students

Conditions
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Nursing Education

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Head bathing skill


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being a first year student of a nursing undergraduate program, To be taking the Nursing Basic Principles and Practices course for the first time, Getting a score of at least 80 and above in the Pre-Test for Measuring Head Bath Knowledge Levels, and To volunteer to participate in the study. Exclusion Criteria: To not volunteer to participate in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The sample size of the study; Using the G* Power 3.1.9.2 program, the mean and standard deviation of a similar study in the literature (İlaslan, 2019) (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale total score mean=28.8; SD=5.4 and Spielberger State Anxiety Scale total score mean=39, 5; SD=10.4). For the calculated effect size=0.91, α=0.05 and power=0.95, it was determined that there should be at least 33 students in both groups, for a total of 66 students. Students in the sample group were randomly assigned by the researcher to the Low-Reality Model (Experimental-1 Group) and Standardized Patient (Experimental-2 Group) groups.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Model with low proximity to reality group<br>The students included in the experimental group 1 practiced the head bathing skill on a model with low proximity to reality. The model used here is a human model belonging to the Gaumard Scientific company with low proximity to reality. | Other: Head bathing skill<br>* A group of students will practice the head bathing skill in a model with low proximity to reality, while the students in the other group will practice on a healthy individual (Standardized patient) pretending to be patient.<br>|
| Experimental: Standardized patient Group<br>The students in the experimental group 2 practiced the head bath skill on the standardized patient. A standardized patient is a healthy individual pretending to be a patient. | Other: Head bathing skill<br>* A group of students will practice the head bathing skill in a model with low proximity to reality, while the students in the other group will practice on a healthy individual (Standardized patient) pretending to be patient.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Standardized patient | It is expected that the education method based on standard patient practice will be more effective in change the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Scale scores related to head washing skills in nursing students. The Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory is used to collect data about students' anxiety levels. It consists of a total of 40 items and two parts, namely State Anxiety Inventory and Trait Anxiety Inventory. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory consists of 40 items. The total point value obtained from the scale is between 20-80. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety. | 3 months | 
| Model with Low Closeness to Reality | It is expected that the Modified Simulation Effectiveness Tool score will be change for the nursing students who practice the skill on the model, whose closeness to reality is low in the teaching of the head bath skill. This tool consists of 19 items. The score range of the vehicle is between 18-95. An increase in the score obtained from this tool indicates that the skill performed on the simulation is effective. | 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nurse-Patient Relations, simulation, standardized patient