Clinical Pulmonary Embolism

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, management and outcome of patients admitted e acute pulmonary embolism in chest diseases department and Respiratory Icu in Assiut University hospital

Detailed Description
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when there is a disruption to the flow of blood in the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus that originated somewhere else. In deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a thrombus develops within the deep veins, most commonly in the lower extremities. PE usually occurs when a part of this thrombus breaks off and enters the pulmonary circulation. Very rarely, PE can occur from the embolization of other materials into the pulmonary circulation such as air, fat, or tumor cells.Risk factors can be classified as genetic and acquired. Genetic risk factors include thrombophilia such as factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, among others. Acquired risk factors include immobilization for prolonged periods (bed rest greater than three days, anyone traveling greater than 4 hours, whether by air, car, bus, or train), recent orthopedic surgery, malignancy, indwelling venous catheter, obesity, pregnancy, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive pill use Other predisposing factors for VTE include: Fracture of lower limb Hospitalization for heart failure or atrial fibrillation/flutter within the previous three months Hip or knee replacement Major trauma History of previous venous thromboembolism Central venous lines Chemotherapy Congestive heart failure or respiratory failure Hormone replacement therapy Oral contraceptive therapy Postpartum period Infection (specifically pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and HIV) Cancer (highest risk in metastatic disease) Thrombophilia Bed rest greater than three days Obesity Pregnancy Cancer carries a high risk for thrombus formation and hence, PE. Pancreatic cancer, hematological malignancies, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and brain cancer carry the highest risk for VTThe most common symptoms of PE include the following: dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, presyncope, or syncope. Dyspnea may be acute and severe in central PE, whereas it is often mild and transient in small peripheral PE. In patients with preexisting heart failure or pulmonary disease, worsening dyspnea may be the only symptom. Chest pain is a frequent symptom and is usually caused by pleural irritation due to distal emboli causing pulmonary infarction.

Official Title
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Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Registry in Patients Admitted With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Conditions
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Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Role of ct pulmonary angiography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients above 18 years old and less than 75 year old Exclusion Criteria: patients with chronic thromboembolism _patient less than 18 years old

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: Role of ct pulmonary angiography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism|Role of ct pulmonary angiography in diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism as filling defect in pulmonary artery|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| European society of cardiology risk score and its measurement units | Classification of patients admitted with acute pulmonary embolism into high risk ,low risk, intermediate high and intermediate low risk | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pulmonary embolism severity index risk score and its units of measurement | Classification of patients according to rik score of pulmonary embolism severity index | 1 year |