School-based Multicomponent Intervention on Physical Fitness Related to Health and Body Image

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of a multicomponent intervention, applied during one scholar semester, on body composition, strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid and metabolic profile, and body image of students from sixth to ninth grade. This is a non-randomized controlled design. Approximately 568 schoolchildren of grades sixth through ninth were recruited from 2 public secondary schools in Florianópolis, Brazil. The main component of the intervention entitled MEXA-SE (move yourself) consisted of the implementation of three physical education classes per week with aerobic exercises, strength and flexibility activities. In addition, play activities in school recess, and educational activities on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, eating habits and body image were performed. Data collection was performed before and immediately after 14 weeks of intervention. The primary outcomes included the body composition, strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid and metabolic profile, and body image. Other variables included were: physical activity level, sedentary behaviour, and blood pressure level. Other components of the lifestyle (e.g., eating habits), psychological (e.g., self-rated health) also were evaluated in the participants. Descriptive analysis, two-way ANOVA for mixed models and ANCOVA will be applied for within and between comparison groups, if the premises of this test are met. The level of significance for the study was 5% for two-tailed tests.

Official Title
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Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention Program on Physical Fitness Related to Health and Body Image: School-based Study With Adolescents of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Conditions
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Physical Fitness, Body Image

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: MEXA-SE
* Behavioral: Espelho, espelho meu


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Students volunteering as participation; Students regularly enrolled from the 6th to the 9th grades in the Florianópolis municipal school system. Exclusion Criteria: Students of other grades; Students who dropout of school; Students with incomplete data at baseline and end 14 weeks; Students who are absence in the school days of data collection; Students who refused to participate in data collection or intervention;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: MEXA-SE<br>Intervention on physical fitness, eating habits and body image | Behavioral: MEXA-SE<br>* MEXA-SE (move yourself) was structured into three main components: A) Physical fitness: The first component was to increase time in moderate to vigorous physical activity during Physical Education lessons. There were also prompts to help students to engage in increased physical activity during school recess; B) Eating habits: The second component consisted of six sessions (45 minutes per session) designed to promote reflection and positive changes in eating habits and health care (to improve knowledge and eating habits), conducted by nutritionist; C) Body image: The third component was composed of 3 sessions (45 minutes per session) focused on body image satisfaction (Espelho, espelho meu: School based Intervention) conducted by Physical Education researcher.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>School of the control group carried out one semester with the regular and traditional activities. The control school had three physical educations lessons per week, similar of experimental schools. | |
| Experimental: Espelho, espelho meu<br>School-based intervention on body image | Behavioral: Espelho, espelho meu<br>* Behavioral: Espelho, espelho meu: School based intervention on body image. Body image is worked in four 45 minutes sessions, conducted with a frequency of once a week by a researcher. The topics covered in these sessions refer to: Beauty Standards (media influence and formation of body image), individual qualities (individual and classmates qualities) and selfesteem. These meetings will be held through video, lecture, dynamics, photo sessions and preparation of posters.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change on body mass index | Anthropometric measurements of body mass (kilograms), height (centimeters) to calculate body mass index (kilograms per square meter). | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on skinfold thickness | Anthropometric measurements of skinfold thickness (millimeters) of biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest and medial calf. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on flexibility | Modified Sit and Reach test (centimeters). | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on muscular strength | Handgrip test measured by dynamometer (Kilograms). | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on resistance levels | Modified abdominal test (number of repetitions). | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on cardiorespiratory fitness | 20-m shuttle run test (laps). | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on body image | Self-perception (questionnaire). | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on lipid | Enzymatic colorimetric test | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on girth | Anthropometric measurements of girth (centimeters) of relaxed arm and waist. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on glucose profile | Enzymatic colorimetric test | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on percent body fat | Measurement by bioelectrical impedance. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on fat free mass | Measurement by bioelectrical impedance. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on percent of water | Measurement by bioelectrical impedance. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on resistance | Measurement by bioelectrical impedance. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on reactance | Measurement by bioelectrical impedance. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change on physical activity at school | ActiGraph accelerometers. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on leisure physical activity | List of physical activities practiced last week indicating the frequency and duration, commuting to school and preferred leisure activities reported in guided questionnaire. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on sedentary behaviour (television time) | Time in front of television during the week and over the weekend reported in guided questionnaire. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on sedentary behaviour (computer time) | Time in computer and / or video games during the week and over the weekend reported in guided questionnaire. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Change on blood pressure levels | Measured by Automatic blood pressure monitor. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Food consumption | Food consumption reported in guided questionnaire. | Baseline, 14 weeks | 
| Food Knowledge | Knowledge consumption reported in guided questionnaire. | Baseline, 14 weeks |