Effects of Yoga on Bone Metabolism in Premenopausal Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study examined the effects of 8 months of Yoga training on bone density and bone turnover markers in premenopausal women, ages 35-50 years. The style of Yoga used was power Yoga that involved postures with a jumping component. The investigators hypothesized that the Yoga intervention would result in beneficial improvements in bone turnover markers, by increasing the bone formation marker and decreasing the bone resorption marker.

Official Title
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Effects of an 8-month Yoga Intervention on Bone Metabolism in Healthy Middle-aged Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Bone Health, Osteoporosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Yoga Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: participants had not been engaged in resistance training or in Yoga exercise for at least 12 months prior to the study did not have chronic back or joint problems or cardiovascular disease not taking antihypertensive drugs or any medication that affects bone density not taking hormonal contraception they self-reported having regular menstrual cycles. Exclusion Criteria: body weight more than 300 pounds

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Yoga group<br>8 months of progressive Yoga training | Other: Yoga Group<br>* 8 months of Yoga training<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>No training, just pre and post testing | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in bone mineral density from baseline to 8 months |  | pre and post 8 months training | 
| change in bone turnover markers |  | pre and post 8 month intervention | 
| change in tibia bone characteristics | changes in volumetric bone mineral density and bone strength of the non-dominant tibia assessed by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) | pre and post 8 month intervention | 
| Changes in muscular strength | Isotonic 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for 4 lower body and 2 upper body resistance exercises | pre and post 9 month intervention | 
| Change in arterial compliance | Arterial compliance of the large and small arteries was assessed using Pulse Contour analysis. | pre and post 8 month interventon | 
| Change in Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-I) and Insulin-like Growth Factor BP3 (IGFBP3) |  | pre and post 8 month intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Daily Calcium intake | Calcium intake is a potential confounding variable. Participants were encouraged to increase their calcium intakes if found to be low before the intervention began. | pre and post 8 month intervention | 
| Menstrual History | This information was used to monitor menstrual characteristics to ensure they were still premenopausal at the post test. | pre and post 8 month intervention | 
| Dietary intake | Three day dietary logs were recorded by participants before the exercise intervention. They were analyzed for caloric intake and nutrient composition using the Diet Analysis Plus 9 software. | At baseline at the same time as other outcomes, about 2 weeks before the beginning of the yoga training | 
| Change in physical activity levels | Physical activity levels estimated by the bone-specific physical activity (PA) questionnaire to monitor their PA outside of the intervention | pre and post 8 month intervention | 
| Change in body composition |  | pre and post 8 month intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Yoga, Bone turnover markers, Bone strength, Bone mineral density