Effect of the Beetroot Juice in Portuguese Swimmers

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Objective: To investigate whether an acute intake of beet juice (BJ) improved the factors of total and split times (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated (performance), stroke frequency and CMJ (biomechanics), lactate and HR (physiology) and RPE-TQR (psychophysiological) in a repeated maximal speed swimming effort in elite swimmers. Methods: A total of 18 elite swimmers participated in this randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, swimmers ingested a Beet-It injection (70 ml placebo (PL) or a Beet-It injection of 70 ml beet juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100 m intermittent maximal speed crawl performance test.

Official Title
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Effects of Beetroot Juice os Sport Performane in Elite Swimmers. A Randomized Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Ergogenics

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice
* Combination Product: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - national and international level swimmers - healthy swimmers - no breakfast - 48 hours with restricted diet of: other sports supplements and beetroot-rich foods Exclusion Criteria: -be on medication - having had breakfast - have brushed your teeth

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Parallel allocation was carried out in the two groups
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Beetroot juice<br>The swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It 70 ml beetroot juice (BJ)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice<br>* The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3)<br>Combination Product: Placebo<br>* The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>The swimmers ingested a shot of Beet-It (70 ml placebo (PL)) 3 hours before undergoing a 2x6x100m crawl intermittent maximal speed performance test. | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot Juice<br>* The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3)<br>Combination Product: Placebo<br>* The swimmers drank 3 hours before the test, mL70 of BJ (containing mmol6.4 of NO-3) (Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) or PLA (0.04 mmol of NO-3)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lactate concentration | After qeach even series of 100m (2nd, 4th, 6th and 3' rest), their finger was wiped dry and their blood lactate concentration was measured with a Lactate Pro2 portable analyzer 1 minute after completing each 100m series. | 3 hours post-dose of Beetroot juice or Placebo | 
| Rate of Perceived Exertion | During every 100m, they were asked how much effort they had exerted using the subjective RPE scale as in other studies with BJ and swimming. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice | 
| Recovery Total Quality Scale | Before the swimmers performed the next 100m, they were asked how recovered they felt, using another subjective TQR scale. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice | 
| Total Time | The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the total times, with the program KINOVEA 0.9.5. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice | 
| Parcial Time | The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the split times, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program. | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice | 
| Counter Movement Jump | Swimmers completed three repetitions of CMJ with hands on waist using an infrared jumping system (Optojump Next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) | 3 hours after ingestion of the beetroot juice | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stroke rate | The complete 2x6x100 main test was recorded with a JVC model GY-HM150E video camera placed on the stand of the facility itself at about 10 m from the start/turn wall (approximately 5 m above and 10 m from the swim lane) to record the entire session. The recording of the session made it possible to calculate the stroke rate, with the KINOVEA 0.9.5 program. | from the day of randomization to the last day of the intervention: up to day 7 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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swimming, beet, swim, nitrate, intermittent sports, ergogenic aids