Examine the Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is an observational study examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in seven low-and-middle income countries (Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somaliland, and Turkiye). The data was obtained on standardised measures of wellbeing (WHO Well-Being Index), psychological distress (Kessler 10), post-traumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), post-traumatic growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory), and a novel pandemic-related stress (COVID Psychosocial Impacts Scale). Data was collected employing either a unilingual (in native language) or bilingual online survey (with English as a second language) from participants (N=2574) aged 18 and above using a non-probability convenient sampling. The findings enabled us to examine the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19, validate the translations of the CPIS and standardized measures; and determine the trajectory of study variables with pandemic exposure.

Official Title
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An International Study Examining the Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Conditions
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Psychosocial Impacts, COVID-19 Pandemic

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Aged 18 and above Currently residing in the country of interest. Additional inclusion criterion applies to bilingual studies; which is having English as a second language. Exclusion Criteria: Aged below 18 years. Not residing in the country of interest. Additional exclusion criterion applies to bilingual studies; which is not having English as a second language.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Pakistan.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a bilingual (Urdu-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Iraq.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a bilingual (Arabic-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Türkiye.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a unilingual (Turkish) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Iran.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a Bilingual (Persian-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Malaysia.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a bilingual (Malay-English) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 in Indonesia.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a unilingual (Indonesian) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of Covid-19 in Somaliland.<br>This is exploratory research and data will be obtained on a set of measures using a unilingual (Somalia) survey. No predefined conditions apply to explain the nature of the study group other than inclusion and exclusion criteria. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Examining the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. | To explore the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-report measures of wellbeing (WHO-5), psychological distress (K10), post-traumatic stress (PCL-5), post-traumatic growth (PTGI), and pandemic-related stress (CPIS) in seven LMICs. The data will be collected employing a unilingual (Indonesia, Somaliland, Turkey) or bilingual (Iran, Iraq, Malaysia, Pakistan) survey. With-in-subjects and between-subjects designs together with exploratory regression analyses will be employed to characterize this outcome. | Data was collected in a short-time window on each site. The time of data collection varies across site and was collected from Dec 2021 to Sep 2023. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Psychological distress, Wellbeing, Mental health, Reliability and validity, Low and middle income countries, Cross-cultural comparisons