Neurotransmitter Measurements Using (WINCS) During Deep Brain Stimulation Neurosurgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, the investigators will monitor extracellular neurotransmitter levels using a probe that is able to perform real time electrochemical detection during deep brain stimulation surgery. The overall question this study is designed to answer is: Are there neurotransmitters released during deep brain stimulation?

Detailed Description
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In this study, the investigators will monitor extracellular neurotransmitter levels using a probe that is able to perform realtime electrochemical detection during DBS neurosurgery. The overall question this study is designed to answer is: Are there neurotransmitters released during deep brain stimulation? We propose to enroll 45 patients (15 patients each at the three targets for DBS) with Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, and Dystonia who are undergoing DBS neurosurgery. This will be an acute study. Patients with medically identifiable symptoms of the above diseases who have been approved by Mayo DBS committee for implantation of DBS will be selected for this study. These patients will then be consented preoperatively to undergo extracellular electrophysiology which is typical in these cases to determine the target site for implantation of the DBS electrodes. Following this electrophysiologic procedure, the patient will have electrochemical electrode implanted to (1) determine whether there is adenosine release at the site of stimulation during ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) thalamic DBS, (2) determine whether there is dopamine and adenosine release within the caudate nucleus or putamen during subthalamic nucleus DBS, and (3) determine whether there is dopamine and adenosine release at the site of stimulation during Globus Pallidus DBS.

Official Title
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Neurotransmitter Measurements Using Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System (WINCS) During Deep Brain Stimulation Neurosurgery.

Conditions
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Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, Dystonia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: WINCS


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: adult Patients with medically intractable Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, and Dystonia who have been approved for DBS surgery by the interdisciplinary Mayo DBS committee. Exclusion Criteria: pregnant patients, prisoners, children (age less than 18), and any patients identified as unsuitable for these protocol by the Mayo DBS committee.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Deep Brain Stimulation<br>Patient's undergoing the clinical procedure of Deep Brain Stimulation will have the experimental protocol that involves, after implantation of the DBS electrodes, a single electrochemical recording electrode, from the WINCS system, implanted along the same trajectory path as the electrophysiology and the DBS electrode | Device: WINCS<br>* The experimental protocol will involve, after implantation of the DBS electrodes, the patient will have a single electrochemical recording electrode will be implanted along the same trajectory path as the electrophysiology and the DBS electrode<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| adenosine release in brain as measured by WINCS (Wireless Instantaneous Neurochemical Concentration Sensing System)recording device | Pre, during, post DBS (deep brain stimulation) | 30 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| dopamine release in brain as measured by WINCS (Wireless Instantaneous Neurochemical Concentration Sensing System)recording device | Pre, during, post DBS (deep brain stimulation) | 30 minutes |