Effect of Biological Nurturing Education to Pregnant Women on Breastfeeding Status

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aim: This study was randomized to determine the effect of biological nurturing education given to nulliparous pregnant women on breastfeeding status. Method: The population of the study consisted of pregnant women who are visiting Istanbul Training and Research Hospital Suleymaniye Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital between October 2022 and August 2023. F test at 90% effect power 0.25 medium effect level on the sample of the study analyzed using the Gpower (3.1.9.2) Programe. As a result of the analyze, it was planned to recruit 207 nulliparous pregnant women. According to the calculation made, there should be at least 69 people in each groups. Accordingly, 69 people in the experimental 1 group (biological nurturing), 69 people in the experimental 2 group (classical breastfeeding), 69 people should be included in the control group. Experimental 1 group and experimental 2 group will be given breastfeeding training on their first visit and after two weeks. Breastfeeding success in the postpartum period will be compared in all groups.

Official Title
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Effect of Biological Nurturing Education to Pregnant Women on Breastfeeding Status

Conditions
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Breastfeeding

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Breastfeeding Education


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: GROUP 1: 18-35 age range Nulliparous Pregnancy Single Pregnancy Gestational week 34- 36 Those who are literate Those who have a smart phone and have the opportunity to benefit from teaching methods GROUP 2: 18-35 age range Nulliparous Pregnancy Single Pregnancy Gestational week 34-36 Those who are literate GROUP 3: 18-35 age range Nulliparous Pregnancy Single Pregnancy Gestational week 34-36 gw Those who are literate Exclusion Criteria: GROUP1: Presence of chronic disease Nipple problems Admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit The presence of anomaly related to the baby (chromosomal anomaly, cleft palate/lip, tongue tie) Mothers in whom breastfeeding will be prohibited/suspected in the postpartum period The presence of a disease in the mother that will prevent breastfeeding Pregnant women with vision and hearing problems GROUP 2: Presence of chronic disease Nipple problems Admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit The presence of anomaly related to the baby (chromosomal anomaly, cleft palate/lip, tongue tie) Mothers in whom breastfeeding will be prohibited/suspected in the postpartum period The presence of a disease in the mother that will prevent breastfeeding Pregnant women with vision and hearing problems GROUP 3: Pregnant women who go to pregnancy school Presence of chronic disease Nipple problems Admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit The presence of anomaly related to the baby (chromosomal anomaly, cleft palate/lip, tongue tie) Mothers in whom breastfeeding will be prohibited/suspected in the postpartum period The presence of a disease in the mother that will prevent breastfeeding Pregnant women with vision and hearing problems

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group 1 (biological nurturing)<br>In biological feeding, the mother takes a semi-sitting position and the baby lies face down on the mother's breast and belly, with every part of her body in contact with the mother. | Behavioral: Breastfeeding Education<br>* Biological feeding and classical breastfeeding trainings will be given to pregnant women by a trained nurse.<br>|
| Experimental: Group 2 (classic breastfeeding)<br>In classical breastfeeding, the mother holds her baby in her arms and breastfeeds while she is in a sitting position. | Behavioral: Breastfeeding Education<br>* Biological feeding and classical breastfeeding trainings will be given to pregnant women by a trained nurse.<br>|
| No Intervention: Group 3 (control)<br>The mother will breastfeed her baby as she wishes. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Higher ''Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale'' score in the biological nurturing group | Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was developed to determine the breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions of pregnant women in the prenatal period. The lowest score is 20, the highest score is 100. The higher the score, the higher the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy. | Two weeks after the first training | 
| Higher ''Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale'' score in the biological nurturing group | Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was developed to determine the breastfeeding self-efficacy perceptions of pregnant women in the prenatal period. The lowest score is 20, the highest score is 100. The higher the score, the higher the perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy. | The first 24 hours of the postpartum period | 
| Higher ''LATCH Scale'' score in the biological nurturing group | LATCH Scale is an assessment tool to evaluate the effectiveness of early breast-feeding. A numerical score of 0, 1, or 2 is assigned to the five letters of the acronym: Latching of infant onto the breast, Amount of audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort of mother, Help needed by mother to hold baby to breast. Lower scores (< 5) can indicate the need for assistance for better success at breast-feeding. | The first 24 hours of the postpartum period | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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biological nurturing, breastfeeding, education