Goal Setting and Lifestyle

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primary aim of this feasibility study is to determine if a theory-based lifestyle intervention consisting of telephone counseling is associated with improvements in physical activity and dietary intake.

Detailed Description
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Goal setting has become an integral part of physical activity and dietary interventions; however, few studies have examined the theoretical constructs that drive goal-setting theory. To address the limitations and gaps in the literature, we designed an 8-week health behavior intervention for a racially and ethnically diverse sample of older adults. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether older adults randomized to a goal-setting intervention for physical activity or fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake would make significant improvements in physical activity or F&V intake. The secondary aim of this study was to determine whether participating in goal-setting interventions was associated with changes in theoretical constructs related to goal-setting. We hypothesized that older adults assigned to the physical activity condition would significantly increase metabolic minutes (MET-minutes) of physical activity from baseline to follow-up and that participants assigned to the F&V intake condition would significantly increase mean servings of F&V. In addition, we hypothesized that mean scores of goal specificity, difficulty, effort, commitment, persistence, barrier self-efficacy, and task self-efficacy would significantly increase from baseline to follow-up for both groups.

Official Title
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Goal Setting and Decisional Balance Applied to Physical Activity and Fruit & Vegetable Consumption

Conditions
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Diet, Physical Activity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Physical activity
* Behavioral: Fruit and vegetable


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: must be 55 years or older, posses a telephone, able to give informed consent, and commit to a 10 week study. Exclusion Criteria: currently enrolled in a study promoting physical activity or dietary intake, currently exceeding current recommendations for physical activity or F&V intake at baseline, and medical conditions contraindicating physical activity or fruit and vegetable consumption.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Physical activity<br>Participants received individual tailored telephone counseling and group-tailored newsletters encouraging leisure time physical activity. Content was based on goal setting theory and decisional balance. | Behavioral: Physical activity<br>* Participants received two individually tailored phone calls and two condition specific newsletters encouraging goal setting and weighing the pros and cons for physical activity.<br>|
| Experimental: Fruit and vegetable<br>Participants received individual tailored telephone counseling and group-tailored newsletters encouraging fruit and vegetable intake. Content was based on goal setting theory and decisional balance. | Behavioral: Fruit and vegetable<br>* Participants received two individually tailored phone calls and two condition specific newsletters encouraging goal setting and weighing the pros and cons for fruit and vegetable consumption.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Leisure Time Physical Activity | Physical Activity was measured using an adaptation of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Participants reported how many times during an average week they participated in mild (i.e., takes minimal effort), moderate (i.e., increases your heart and breathing rate a little), and strenuous activity (i.e., caused one's heart to beat rapidly) for at least 30 minutes at a time. | 8-weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Goal specificity and difficulty | Goal Specificity and Difficulty. Four items were created for each concept: (1) The goals I set for number times I will [eat F&V or exercise] in a week are, (2) the goals I set for the type of [F&V or exercise] I will [eat or do] in a week are, (3) the goals I set for the [amount or duration] of [F&V or exercise] I get in a week are, and (4) the goals I set for intensity of my exercise sessions within a week are. | 8-weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Aging, physical activity, diet, goal setting