Effect of Back School-based Intervention on Non-specific Neck Pain in Adults.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study consists of a theoretical and practical intervention based on the Back School. This intervention will be carried out over 8 weeks with a frequency of two sessions per week, for a total of 16 sessions of 45 minutes duration. Of all the sessions, 14 had a practical focus (strength and stretching exercises) and the other two had a theoretical focus (self-management techniques and pain neuroscience education). In addition, they had an initial session and a session at the end of the of the intervention in which measurements of the different variables were taken (The Visual Analogue Scale; Neck Disability Index; Tampa Scale Of kinesiophobia).These variables will be measured on two occasions, at the beginning of the study and at the end of the intervention, an average of 2 months. The clinical practice guidelines highlight the importance of neck pain prevention through exercise an education. There are previous studies of the effects of theoretical and practical programmes based on back school on the lumbar region but not on the cervical region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a BS-based intervention on neck pain and functionality as well as kinesiophobia and quality of life in adults. The hypothesis previously hypothesised that this BS-based intervention would have positive effects on pain, functionality, kinesiophobia and quality of life.

Official Title
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Effect of Back School-based Intervention on Non-specific Neck Pain in Adults.

Conditions
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Neck Pain, Exercise Therapy, Health Education

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Back school


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18-65 years of age. With non-specific neck pain for at least three months, with pain intensity (30-70 on a VAS). Exclusion Criteria: Any previous neck or shoulder surgery, fibromyalgia, cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy, history of the whiplash injury, cognitive disorder. Missing more than two Back School sessions. Not being able to attend the measurement sessions.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental group<br>Intervention based on the Back School was carried out for 8 weeks with a frequency of two sessions per week, with a total of 16 sessions lasting 45 min. | Behavioral: Back school<br>* Intervention was carried out for 8 weeks with a frequency of two sessions per week, with a total of 16 sessions lasting 45 min. Of all the sessions, 14 had a practical focus and the other two had a theoretical focus. In the practical part, strengthening and stretching exercises were performed. In the theoretical part, self-management and pain neuroscience education were performed.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>I declare that I will not change my lifestyle during the study process. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analogue Scale | The visual analog scale (VAS) is a tool widely used to measure pain. A patient is asked to indicate his/her perceived pain intensity (most commonly) along a 100 mm horizontal line, and this rating is then measured from the left edge (=VAS score). | Through study completion, an average of 2 months. | 
| Neck Disability Index | The NDI can be scored as a raw scorer doubled and expressed as a percent. Each section is scored on a 0 to 5 rating scale, in which zero means 'No pain' and 5 means 'Worst imaginable pain'. Points summed to a total score. The test can be interpreted as a raw score, with a maximum score of 50, or as a percentage. | Through study completion, an average of 2 months. | 
| Short-Form Health Survey-36 | Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure quality of life.The SF-36 explores people's physical and mental health. It consists of 36 items that assessed eight dimensions of health status: social function, physical function, emotional role, physical role, mental health, vitality, physical pain, and general health. Scores ranged from 0 (worst health status) to 100 (best health status). | Through study completion, an average of 2 months. | 
| Tampa Scale Of Kinesiophobia. | This scale measures kinesiophobia. The total scale score ranges from 11 to 44, where 11 means no kinesiophobia and 44 means severe kinesiophobia. | Through study completion, an average of 2 months. |