Prospective Study of Pain After Spinal Morphine for Cesarean Section and Factors Involved in Moderate to Severe Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Spinal block with intrathecal morphine is a popular anesthetic technique in cesarean delivery. This technique brings about good maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as provides good postoperative pain control. Systematic review showed intrathecal morphine produced long period of pain control up to 27 hours. However, some patients still experienced moderate to severe pain which defined as postoperative pain score >,= 4. From our institute survey, there were more than 50 percents of patients undergoing cesarean delivery receiving spinal block with intrathecal morphine experienced moderate to severe pain in the first 24 hours. The aim of the study is to determine the actual incidence and associated factors of patients whom experienced moderate to severe pain after spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine 200 mcg in cesarean delivery.

Detailed Description
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Spinal block with intrathecal morphine is a popular anesthetic technique in cesarean delivery. This technique brings about good maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as provides good postoperative pain control. Systematic review showed intrathecal morphine produced long period of pain control up to 27 hours. However, some patients still experienced moderate to severe pain which defined as postoperative pain score >,= 4. From our institute survey, there were more than 50 percents of patients undergoing cesarean delivery receiving spinal block with intrathecal morphine experienced moderate to severe pain in the first 24 hours. Failure in achieve adequate pain control results in poor maternal satisfaction, effect breast feeding and may lead to chronic wound pain. The aim of the study is to determine the actual incidence of patients whom experienced moderate to severe pain after spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine 200 mcg in cesarean delivery. Also, factors that may involved moderate to severe postoperative pain will be analyzed and reported.

Official Title
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Prospective Study of Pain After Spinal Morphine for Cesarean Section and Analysis of Factors Involved in Moderate to Severe Pain

Conditions
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Pain, Postoperative

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age > 18 years Elective cesarean section Patient accept spinal anesthesia ASA classification I-II Understand numerical rating scale for pain score Exclusion Criteria: Not understand Thai Contraindicated in spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine Complicated pregnancy that general anesthesia may required for cesarean delivery

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of moderate to severe pain | Incidence of moderate to severe pain, pain score >,= 4 | The first 24 hours postoperatively | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Factors associated with moderate to severe pain | Factors associated with moderate to severe pain, pain score >,= 4 | The first 24 hours postoperatively | 
| Incidence of moderate to severe pain in the 2nd postoperative day | Incidence of moderate to severe pain (pain score >,= 4) in the 2nd postoperative day | Form 24 hours to 48 hours postoperatively | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pain, Postoperative, Cesarean delivery, Intrathecal morphine