Effects of Resistance Training in Untrained Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The latest randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of resistance training performed by older adults reported that the systematic use of exercise in machines improves muscle strength and power, functional abilities, body mass and body balance. However, the effect of resistance training with elastic tubes exercises have not been studied in all the variables described above. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of elastic tubes exercises on muscle mass, muscle strength, functional performance and postural control in elderly untrained.

Detailed Description
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This is a randomized clinical trial study (RCT) with 2 parallel arms. The subjects will be divided in 2 groups with a randomized block technique: Elastic Training Group (ETG) and Machine Training Group (MTG). The subjects will be submitted to a two-week familiarization period and then a sixteen-week of strength training program will be performed twice a week. This regimen of resistance training in both groups will consist of four exercises for lower limbs and four exercises for upper limbs which will be alternately performed with a one-minute interval between them during familiarization and training periods. Lower limb exercises will consist of: hip extension and abduction, and knee flexion and extension. Upper limb exercises will consist of: bench press, rowing, triceps and high pulley exercise.

Official Title
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Effects of 16 Weeks of Resistance Training Using Elastic Resistance or Machines on Muscle Mass, Strength and Postural Control in Untrained Older Adults.

Conditions
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Aging, Older Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Machines exercises
* Other: Elastic exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Convenience sample of forty healthy older adults with a minimum of 55 years of age. Exclusion Criteria: subjects suffering from orthopedic, neurologic, rheumatologic, metabolic or heart conditions, and uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Additional exclusion criteria included undergoing estrogen therapy, use of cardiac pacemaker, knee or hip arthroplasty, the presence of fragments from previous osteosynthesis; orthopedic surgery, fractures, muscle injury or the practice of resistance training within the last 6 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Machine resistance training (MRT)<br>The machine resistance training will consist of four exercises for lower limbs and four exercises for upper limbs which will be alternately performed with a one-minute interval between them during familiarization and training periods. Lower limb exercises will consist of: hip extension and abduction, and knee flexion and extension. Upper limb exercises will consist of: bench press, rowing, triceps and high pulley exercise. | Other: Machines exercises<br>* Resistance training in pneumatic machines.<br>|
| Experimental: Elastic resistance training (ERT)<br>The elastic resistance training will consist of four exercises for lower limbs and four exercises for upper limbs which will be alternately performed with a one-minute interval between them during familiarization and training periods. Lower limb exercises will consist of: hip extension and abduction, and knee flexion and extension. Upper limb exercises will consist of: bench press, rowing, triceps and high pulley exercise. | Other: Elastic exercises<br>* Resistance training with elastic tubes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Body Mass | To assess muscle mass, a Dual-energy X-ray Absortiometry (DXA) (GE Electric Company®, Lunar Prodigy) will be used. | Change from baseline in body mass at 16 weeks. | 
| Change in Muscle Strength | Lower limb muscle strength will be assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System®, model III) and upper limb muscle strength with an isometric dynamometer (Jamar®, Hand Dynamometer). | Change from baseline in muscle strength at 16 weeks. | 
| Change in Postural Balance | The postural balance will be assessed with a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system and force plates. | Change from baseline in postural balance at 16 weeks. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Functional performance | The functional performance will be assessed with Ten Meters Walk Test (TMW), Timed Up&Go Test (TUG) and 30 Second Chair Stand Test (T30). | Before and after 16 weeks of resistance training | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Aging, Resistance training, Muscle strength, Functional performance, Postural balance