African-American Pharmacogenetics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a genetic and platelet reactivity study of African-American versus Caucasian patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and receiving clopidogrel or prasugrel. The investigators aim is twofold: to describe differences in allele frequencies between African-Americans and Caucasians, and to explore associations of platelet reactivity and genetic polymorphisms in these two groups.

Detailed Description
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The investigators propose a pharmacogenetic cohort study of 100 African-American versus 100 Caucasian patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, receiving clopidogrel or prasugrel and undergoing PCI. The study will have four arms: African-American on clopidogrel; African-American on prasugrel; Caucasian on clopidogrel; and Caucasian on prasugrel. All patients will undergo genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, at least 6 hours after receiving a thienopyridine loading dose, but before hospital discharge. All patients will be treated with aspirin 325 mg/day as well. Race determination will be based on a patient's self-report, but patients enrolled in the trial must also report that all four of their grandparents were of the same race as theirs. Other races (Asian, Native American, et al) will be excluded from this study.

Official Title
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African-American Pharmacogenetics

Conditions
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Acute Coronary Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients age 18 or older, of both genders Presenting with an ACS, defined as at least two of the following: symptoms consistent with myocardial ischemia; ST segment elevation or depression of at least 1 mm in 2 or more contiguous leads on EKG; a cardiac troponin I level above upper limit of normal. Self-reported African-american or Caucasian race a. all 4 grandparents of same race No contraindications to prasugrel therapy. Patient is scheduled for, or has already undergone, PCI. Exclusion Criteria: Known allergies to aspirin, clopidogrel, or prasugrel. Patient known to be pregnant or lactating. Patient with known history of bleeding diathesis or currently active bleeding. Platelet count <100,000/mm at the time of enrollment. Hematocrit <25% at the time of enrollment. On warfarin therapy at the time of PCI, or patient likely to require warfarin therapy post-PCI. Received fibrinolytics within the past 48 hours. Received a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor within the past 48 hours, or if such a strategy for PCI involving a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor is planned. Taking maintenance thienopyridine therapy in the previous 5 days. Known blood transfusion within the preceding 10 days. Patients treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) within the previous 5 days. Patients with known chronic liver disease. Age greater than 75 years Body weight less than 60 kg History of stroke or transient ischemic attack Surgery planned within 1 month Patient likely to require coronary artery bypass grafting Any significant medical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with the patient's optimal participation in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| African-American on clopidogrel<br> | Other: Genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay<br>* All patients will undergo genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, at least 6 hours after receiving a thienopyridine loading dose but before hospital discharge.<br>|
| African-American on prasugrel<br> | Other: Genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay<br>* All patients will undergo genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, at least 6 hours after receiving a thienopyridine loading dose but before hospital discharge.<br>|
| Caucasian on clopidogrel<br> | Other: Genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay<br>* All patients will undergo genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, at least 6 hours after receiving a thienopyridine loading dose but before hospital discharge.<br>|
| Caucasian on prasugrel<br> | Other: Genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay<br>* All patients will undergo genotyping and platelet reactivity testing with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, at least 6 hours after receiving a thienopyridine loading dose but before hospital discharge.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Distribution of CYP polymorphisms | CYP polymorphisms will be classified by their known effects upon enzyme function, using the consensus star-allele nomenclature. More specifically, patients will be classified as a poor metabolizer if they possess at least one CYP allele known to be associated with reduced function of that particular CYP enzyme. Allele frequencies will then be compared between African-american and Caucasian patients. | During hospital stay; average hospital stay is less than 48 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Platelet reactivity | The secondary exploratory objective is to assess for associations between poor metabolizer CYP genotypes and the levels of post-thienopyridine platelet reactivity. | During hospital stay; average hospital stay is less than 48 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Platelet reactivity, Genotyping