Analgetic Effect of Two Solutions of Intracameral Anesthesia During Cataract Surgery in Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the analgetic effect of two solutions of intracameral anesthesia in patients undergoing cataract surgery and assess the factors influencing the patients' postoperative activities. Methods: In this prospective, single-blind, randomized study, a group of 62 patients undergoing cataract surgery received Mydrane (Mydrane group) or a combination of 1% solution of lignocaine and 0.025% solution of adrenalin (reference group) as an intraocular anesthetic. The analgetic effect of these two anesthetic methods was evaluated using psychological tools - Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain) and Brief Pain Inventory-short form (BPI) on the next day after the surgery.

Official Title
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Comparison of Analgetic Effect of Two Solutions of Intracameral Anesthesia During Cataract Surgery: a Pilot Study

Conditions
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Cataract, Analgesia, Ophthalmological Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: lignocaine
* Procedure: Phacoemulsyfication
* Procedure: Intraocular lens implantation
* Behavioral: Visual Analog Scale for Pain
* Behavioral: Brief Pain Inventory-short form
* Diagnostic Test: Best corrected visual acuity measurment
* Diagnostic Test: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age above 18 years best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.2 logMAR or worse and agreement for taking part in the study Exclusion Criteria: depressive disorder or expected compliance problems (known psychiatric disease) epilepsy ongoing treatment with hypnotics or psychotropic drugs (including opioids) within a week before admission daily analgesic treatment intake of additional rescue medications due to the pain after surgery omitting postoperative visit no consent to complete the survey The patients who later needed additional medications for pain relief

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Mydrane group<br>Patients were randomly selected to the group receiving intracameral 0.2 ml Mydrane (a solution of 1% lidocaine and 0.025% of adrenaline ) during phacoemulsification. | Drug: lignocaine<br>* The group of 62 patients undergoing cataract surgery received Mydrane (Mydrane group) or a combination of 1% solution of lignocaine and 0.025% solution of adrenalin (reference group) as an intraocular anesthetic<br>Procedure: Phacoemulsyfication<br>* Phacoemulsification is a technic of cataract surgery in which the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye.<br>Procedure: Intraocular lens implantation<br>* An intraocular lens implant is a synthetic, artificial lens placed inside the eye that replaces the focusing power of a natural lens that is surgically removed, usually as part of cataract surgery.<br>Behavioral: Visual Analog Scale for Pain<br>* VAS for Pain is a new tool developed to assess the pain in quantitative terms.<br>* Other names: VAS for pain;Behavioral: Brief Pain Inventory-short form<br>* BPI short form is a tool developed to assess the pain in quantitative terms. The BPI allows patients to rate the severity of the pain and the grade to which their pain interferes with common dimensions of feeling and function.<br>* Other names: BPI short form;Diagnostic Test: Best corrected visual acuity measurment<br>* Measurement of the best vision correction that can be achieved, such as glasses, as measured on the standard Snellen eye chart. For example, if your uncorrected eyesight is 20/200, but you can see 20/20 with glasses, your BCVA is 20/20.<br>* Other names: BCVA;Diagnostic Test: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy<br>* Slit-lamp biomicroscopy allows study of ocular structures and their relationships.<br>|
| Reference group<br>Patients were randomly selected to the group receiving intracameral a combination of intracameral solution of lignocaine 1% and adrenalin 0.025% (0.2 ml) during phacoemulsification. | Drug: lignocaine<br>* The group of 62 patients undergoing cataract surgery received Mydrane (Mydrane group) or a combination of 1% solution of lignocaine and 0.025% solution of adrenalin (reference group) as an intraocular anesthetic<br>Procedure: Phacoemulsyfication<br>* Phacoemulsification is a technic of cataract surgery in which the eye's internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye.<br>Procedure: Intraocular lens implantation<br>* An intraocular lens implant is a synthetic, artificial lens placed inside the eye that replaces the focusing power of a natural lens that is surgically removed, usually as part of cataract surgery.<br>Behavioral: Visual Analog Scale for Pain<br>* VAS for Pain is a new tool developed to assess the pain in quantitative terms.<br>* Other names: VAS for pain;Behavioral: Brief Pain Inventory-short form<br>* BPI short form is a tool developed to assess the pain in quantitative terms. The BPI allows patients to rate the severity of the pain and the grade to which their pain interferes with common dimensions of feeling and function.<br>* Other names: BPI short form;Diagnostic Test: Best corrected visual acuity measurment<br>* Measurement of the best vision correction that can be achieved, such as glasses, as measured on the standard Snellen eye chart. For example, if your uncorrected eyesight is 20/200, but you can see 20/20 with glasses, your BCVA is 20/20.<br>* Other names: BCVA;Diagnostic Test: Slit-lamp biomicroscopy<br>* Slit-lamp biomicroscopy allows study of ocular structures and their relationships.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The mean pain score measured with VAS Pain | The mean pain score measured with Visual Analog Scale for Pain (equivalent to 10 degrees).O points represented no pain and that the 10 points represented the most intense pain he or she felt throughout the surgical procedure. | preoperatively | 
| The mean pain score measured with VAS Pain | The mean pain score measured with Visual Analog Scale for Pain (equivalent to 10 degrees).O points represented no pain and that the 10 points represented the most intense pain he or she felt throughout the surgical procedure. | postoperatively (the next day after surgery- 24 hours) | 
| The range of pain was measured on the next day after surgery with BPI-short | The the mean severity score, the pain interference mean score was measured with Brief Pain Inventory-short form (BPI-short form). BPI is one of the most widely used measurement tools for assessing clinical pain. It contains two domains that measure pain intensity (severity) and the impact of pain on functioning (interference). In the current study, BPI was used to evaluate the severity of pain and the impact of pain on daily function in the previous 24 h. The responses were given using an eleven-point numeric rating scale (NRS) scored 0-10, where 0 = best outcome/does not interfere/no pain/complete pain relief and 10 = worst outcome/completely interferes/most pain/no pain relief. | the next day after surgery (24 hours) |