The Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels, Inflammatory Parameters and Disease Severity of COVID-19 Infection

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Vitamin D deficiency increases the susceptibility to respiratory virus infections and the severity of infections. Inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis in COVID19 while identifying clinical course and prognosis COVID19.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 25OH vitamin D levels, inflammatory laboratory parameters of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and disease severity of COVID19 infection.

Detailed Description
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In this retrospective study 300 patients diagnosed with COVID19 were included. According to clinical classification of cases with COVID19 the patients were divided into three groups; mild (Group1), moderate (Group2) and severe/critical (Group3). The 25OH vitamin D values below 20 ng/ml were defined as deficiency, 21-29 ng/ml were defined as insufficiency, and 30 ng/ml and above were defined as normal. Patients' age, gender, comorbid diseases and laboratory values were recorded

Official Title
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The Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels, Inflammatory Parameters and Disease Severity of COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Study

Conditions
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Vitamin D Deficiency, Covid19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Inflammatory Parameters
* Other: 25 OH Vitamin D Level


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The study included 300 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test positive patients and whose 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured in the last 6 months Exclusion Criteria: Patients with COVID-19 whose 25-OH vitamin D levels were not measured in the last 6 months before the COVID-19 diagnosis were excluded from the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 97 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Mild Clinical Group<br>patients showing mild clinical symptoms without pneumonia. | Diagnostic Test: Inflammatory Parameters<br>* Laboratory measurement of patient's inflammatory status in unit of % and mg/dl<br>Other: 25 OH Vitamin D Level<br>* Laboratory measurement of patient's 25 OH vitamin D level in unit of ng/dl<br>|
| Experimental: Moderate Clinical Group<br>patients with fever, other respiratory symptoms, and pneumonia findings based on radiological imaging | Diagnostic Test: Inflammatory Parameters<br>* Laboratory measurement of patient's inflammatory status in unit of % and mg/dl<br>Other: 25 OH Vitamin D Level<br>* Laboratory measurement of patient's 25 OH vitamin D level in unit of ng/dl<br>|
| Experimental: severe/critical clinical group<br>severe one of these as follows; patients with hypoxia (≤93% oxygen saturation), respiratory distress (RR >30 times per minute), partial pressure of arterial blood oxygen (PaO 2 )/the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ≤ 300 mmHg, patients whose chest imaging shows that lung damage develops significantly within 24 to 48 hours, or critical one of these as follows; respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, signs of septic shock with multiple organ failure requiring intensive care unit admission. | Diagnostic Test: Inflammatory Parameters<br>* Laboratory measurement of patient's inflammatory status in unit of % and mg/dl<br>Other: 25 OH Vitamin D Level<br>* Laboratory measurement of patient's 25 OH vitamin D level in unit of ng/dl<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 25-OH vitamin D | laboratory measurement in unit of ng/ml | 1 day | 
| White blood cell count | laboratory measurement in unit of x103/uL | 1 day | 
| neutrophil count | laboratory measurement in unit of x103/uL | 1 day | 
| neutrophil ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day | 
| lymphocyte count | x103/uL | 1 day | 
| lymphocyte ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day | 
| platelet count | laboratory measurement in unit of x103/uL | 1 day | 
| hemoglobin count | laboratory measurement in unit of g/dl | 1 day | 
| C-reactive protein levels | laboratory measurement in unit of mg/dL | 1 day | 
| neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day | 
| platelet to lymphocyte ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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COVID-19, Vitamin D, Disease severity, Inflammatory markers