Introduction of the Vi Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine in Hue City, Central Vietnam

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is part of International Vaccine Institutes (IVI)'s typhoid Vi demonstration project that aims to accelerate the rational introduction of Vi vaccines in typhoid endemic countries. The primary objectives of the study are to evaluate the logistic feasibility of a mass typhoid fever immunization campaign program targeting school age children in Hue City, Vietnam and to assess the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of parents and healthcare providers in Hue City regarding typhoid fever prevention and treatment.

Detailed Description
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Typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The disease predominantly affects school-aged children, is more prevalent in urban areas, may last for several weeks and can lead to serious complications. Management of this disease is further complicated by the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains. Vaccination of high risk populations is considered the most promising strategy for the control of typhoid fever. The Vi polysaccharide vaccine has been targeted for accelerated introduction into public health programs due to the following reasons: it has been shown to have consistent efficacy results even in areas of high typhoid incidence, is given as a single dose, lacks patent protection and requires less strict cold chain requirements. A cluster-randomized trial involving the Vi polysaccharide vaccine and an active control (Hepatitis A) was designed to determine the logistic feasibility of providing Vi vaccine under actual programmatic conditions among school students in Hue City. The vaccines used in this study are internationally produced and locally licensed. Secondary objectives of this trial are: To estimate the cost-effectiveness (cost of illness, willingness to pay, vaccine delivery costs, private vaccine costs, etc) of Vi vaccination To determine the effectiveness of the Vi polysaccharide vaccine following routine administration of a 1-dose schedule to school students (aged >=6 years) To determine the safety and immunogenicity of the Vi vaccine To study typhoid risk factors among students A nested, prospective matched case-control study is included in the trial in order to study typhoid risk factors among children in Hue City.

Official Title
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Introduction of the Vi Polysaccharide Typhoid Vaccine in Hue City, Central Vietnam. An Evaluation of Feasibility, Public Acceptability, Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness in Students

Conditions
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Typhoid, Paratyphoid Fever

Intervention / Treatment
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* Biological: Typhoid Vi vaccine
* Biological: Hepatitis A (control)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Local students whose parents/guardians provide written consent to receive Vi vaccine Attending any of the 66 registered schools in Hue Registered in the project census Lives in Hue City Exclusion Criteria: Fever (>37.5 degrees Celsius, axillary) Pregnancy Lactating

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Biological: Typhoid Vi vaccine|nan|
|Biological: Hepatitis A (control)|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Logistic feasibility of mass typhoid immunization campaign |  |  | 
| Knowledge attitudes, beliefs and practices of parents and health care providers on typhoid fever prevention and treatment |  |  | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cost-effectiveness of vaccine |  |  | 
| Vaccine effectiveness |  |  | 
| Adverse events |  |  | 
| Typhoid risk factors |  |  | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Salmonella, typhoid vaccine, enteric fever, socioeconomic costs