Surveillance of Ocular Surface Flora (SURFACE)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Topical fluoroquinolones (FQs) have achieved widespread use in ophthalmology for both the treatment and prophylaxis of ocular infections. The present study is set to determine the bacteria present on the ocular surface in patients at the time of cataract surgery and to assess the rate of resistance of ocular isolates to commonly used topical antibiotics.

Conditions
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Cataract

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Scheduled to undergo cataract surgery Able to provide written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: NSAID in the eye to be swabbed within the past 30 days Topical anesthetic, topical antibiotic or antiseptic, or dilating drops in the eye to the swabbed within the past 7 days Over-the-counter artificial tear drops or astringent /redness reliever drops (e.g., Visine®, Clear eyes® in the eye to be swabbed on the day of trial History of conjunctivitis or any ocular infection within the past 3 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| All Patients Receiving Cataract Surgery<br>All Patients Receiving Cataract Surgery | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percentage of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Species Susceptible and Resistant to Oxacillin on the Eyelid | Percentage of staphylococcus epidermidis species susceptible and resistant to oxacillin on the eyelid. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each species were determined and compared to oxacillin MIC breakpoints. MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism after incubation. For Staphylococcus epidermidis, the oxacillin MIC breakpoints were <= 0.25 ug/ml (susceptible) and >= 0.50 ug/ml (resistant). | Baseline | 
| Percentage of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Species Susceptible and Resistant to Oxacillin on the Conjunctiva | Percentage of staphylococcus epidermidis species susceptible and resistant to oxacillin on the conjunctiva . The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each species were determined and compared to oxacillin MIC breakpoints. MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism after incubation. For Staphylococcus epidermidis, the oxacillin MIC breakpoints were <= 0.25 ug/ml (susceptible) and >= 0.50 ug/ml (resistant). | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percentage of Staphylococcus Aureus Species Susceptible and Resistant to Oxacillin on the Eyelid | Percentage of staphylococcus aureus species susceptible and resistant to oxacillin on the eyelid. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each species were determined and compared to oxacillin MIC breakpoints. MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism after incubation. For Staphylococcus aureus, the oxacillin MIC breakpoints were <= 2 ug/ml (susceptible) and >= 4 ug/ml (resistant). | Baseline | 
| Percentage of Staphylococcus Aureus Species Susceptible and Resistant to Oxacillin on the Conjunctiva | Percentage of staphylococcus aureus species susceptible and resistant to oxacillin on the conjunctiva. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each species were determined and compared to oxacillin MIC breakpoints. MIC is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism after incubation. For Staphylococcus aureus, the oxacillin MIC breakpoints were <= 2 ug/ml (susceptible) and >= 4 ug/ml (resistant). | Baseline |