Video Screening for Visual Impairment of Infants

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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An individual senses the world and reflects feedbacks via independent behaviors. Such precise collaboration of the sensory and behavioral systems is fundamental to survival and evolution. When a sensory modality is altered, the behavioral system has the potential to fit in a substitute modality. However, the specific dynamics of human behaviors in response to sensory loss remain largely unknown due to the paucities of representative situations and large-scale samples. Here, the investigators focused on thousands of human infants who suffered varying degrees of visual stimuli deficiency in early stages, while their behavioral systems remained sensitive and thus retained high behavioral plasticity. Having access to this unique population provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the effect of diverse visual conditions on the behavioral system and develop a domestic apparatus for screening visual impariment of infants.

Official Title
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Video Screening for Visual Impairment of Infants

Conditions
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Behavioral Dynamics, Visual Impairment

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Video recording for behaviors


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Younger than 4 years of age Exclusion Criteria: Any brain and mental illnesses, or other known illnesses that may affect the behavioral patterns

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 4 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| severe visual impairment group<br>The severe visual impairment group is defined as the BCVA of at least one eye outside the 99% referenced range or worse than light perception with structural abnormalities or other examination results. | Behavioral: Video recording for behaviors<br>* A domenstic apparatus, scenario, and procedure is applied to record all the behavioral phenotypes. For each standardized procedure, the guardian sits in the chair, holding the infant facing the mobile phone screen. Each infant is given a few minutes to adapt to the surroundings and to be calm before recording. No hints or simulations are permitted during the entire process. The recording process lasted for about 3 minutes to ensure that behavioral phenotypes could be completely recorded.<br>|
| likely healthy group<br>For the likely healthy group, the visual acuity of both eyes is in the 95% referenced range with no structural abnormalities. The referenced range could be found in the following publication: Mayer, DL., et al. Monocular acuity norms for the Teller Acuity Cards between ages one month and four years. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 36(3):671 (1995) | Behavioral: Video recording for behaviors<br>* A domenstic apparatus, scenario, and procedure is applied to record all the behavioral phenotypes. For each standardized procedure, the guardian sits in the chair, holding the infant facing the mobile phone screen. Each infant is given a few minutes to adapt to the surroundings and to be calm before recording. No hints or simulations are permitted during the entire process. The recording process lasted for about 3 minutes to ensure that behavioral phenotypes could be completely recorded.<br>|
| mild visual impairment group<br>The mild visual impairment group is defined as the BCVA in the 99% referenced range in both eyes with abnormalities of structure or other examination results. | Behavioral: Video recording for behaviors<br>* A domenstic apparatus, scenario, and procedure is applied to record all the behavioral phenotypes. For each standardized procedure, the guardian sits in the chair, holding the infant facing the mobile phone screen. Each infant is given a few minutes to adapt to the surroundings and to be calm before recording. No hints or simulations are permitted during the entire process. The recording process lasted for about 3 minutes to ensure that behavioral phenotypes could be completely recorded.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The AUC of model based on analyzing the behavioral dynamics | Normal or abnormal behavioral dynamics of infants are recorded by mobile phones. Five experienced ophthalmologists identify the occurence of abnormal behaviors independently, and 2 professors with over 10 years of experience in pediatric ophthalmology department are consulted in cases of disagreement. The AUC of model based on analyzing the behavioral dynamics will be calculated. | baseline |