Biological and Cognitive Markers of Violent Behavior in Forensic Patients With Polysubstance Use: Retrospective Evaluation

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Aggressive behavior, both in the form of violence toward others (injury-inflicting or homicide) or toward oneself (suicide or self-injures) create problems of patient management, treatment and paroles. Biological causes of violent crime were hypothesized by Eysenck (1978), who believed that criminality resulted from a nervous system distinct from that of most people. The prefrontal cortex, regulates planning of motor acts and executive functions, which are critical for inhibitory ability and control of impulsive outburst were found to be impaired in violent subjects (Hoaken et al, 2003; Blair, 2001; Brower and Price, 2001; Filley et al, 2001; Raine et al, 2000; George et al, 2004; Dolan and Park, 2002; Stevens et al, 2003; Raine and Yang, 2006), especially in impulsive offenders murderers (Raine et al, 1997; 1998). Violence act influenced by nonplaning outboards definite as impulsive aggression (Linnoila and Charney, 1999), which one of the most important factor influenced by dangerous behavior in general (for review: Skodol, 1998, Moeller et al, 2001; Pontius, 2000; 2004; Siever, 2008). Cholesterol and fats have many roles and may influence brain function and behavior through modification of membranes; myelin; enzyme function; absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins and toxins; and steroid hormones and through effects on production, reuptake, or metabolism of neurotransmitters (Boston et al, 1996). Since 80-th a strong association was found between low cholesterol levels and violent behavior, an association that was not due to age, race, sex, or diagnosis (Mufti et al, 1998; New et al, 1999; Alvarez et al, 2000; Golomb et al, 2000; Hillbrand et al, 2000; Troisi and D'Argenio, 2006; Chakrabarat and Sinha, 2006). Associations between violent behavior, cognitive functioning and total cholesterol level were contradicted with difference in samples and behavioral parameters: homicide, homicide attempts, rape, physical or verbal aggression, complete suicide or suicide attempts, only partially accounted for each measure of behaviors, suggesting that further investigation is warranted. Because of the inconsistencies in the available data, we studied retrospectively a group of criminal offenders with alcohol and drug use. Our analysis of lipid constituents in serum focused on TC, HDL, LDL, and TG. Significance of the study. It is possible that cholesterol profile is a biomarker and potential predictor of violent in patients with polydrug use. The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the correlations between cholesterol and cognitive profiles in psychiatric patients with violent behaviour. The demographic and criminal records, clinical characteristics, cholesterol profiles, and cognitive performance data of these patients will be will be intercorrelated.

Conditions
-----------------
Violent Behavior, Polydrug Use, Alcohol Abuse

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: chart review


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age between 19-65 years Men with verified diagnoses of alcohol and polydrug use according to DSM-IV criteria, underwent cholesterol and cognitive assessment, while being incarcerated in maximum-security forensic facility Exclusion Criteria: Subjects suffering from any clinically significant metabolic disorder (e.g. diabetes, hypo-hyperthiorioidosis, et ctr) Subjects suffering from clinically significant infectional disorder (e.g. tuberculosis, pneumonia, AIDS, active HCV et ctr) Subjects starving or suffering from severe hepatic or kidney dysfunction and insufficiency patients with comorbid diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar mood disorder patients with comorbide mild mental retardation or epilepsy patients with using cholesterol lowering agent

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| observation<br>adult men with alcohol and polydrug use according to DSM-IV criteria, hospitalized in maximum security department between 2002 - 2008 | Other: chart review<br>* cholesterol cognitive profiles violent behavior<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the correlations between cholesterol and cognitive profiles in psychiatric patients with violent behaviour. |  | 2008-2009 | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
psychiatric patients with violent behavior