Acute Whey Protein And Casein Supplementation: Effect On Protein Metabolism After Resistance Exercise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The proteins of human breast milk are the most important endocrine signaling system that promotes neonatal growth by increasing the release of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the leucine-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1- (mTORC1) signaling of pancreatic β-cells. Remarkably, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are involved in the growth-promoting effects of milk, protein biosynthesis, and metabolism because they physiologically stimulate insulin secretion The present study sought to investigate the effects of the combination of whey protein and casein in the ratio of 80:20 (whey protein: casein or casein: whey protein) as breast milk proportion on the peak and the period of the permanence of branched-chain amino acids in the blood circulation, final metabolites of protein metabolism and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a single bout of fasting or a resistance exercise session.

Detailed Description
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The present study investigated the effects of the association of WP and casein in the ratio of 80:20, a similar ratio of human breast milk, on blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) profile by HPLC technique, markers of protein metabolism (creatinine, urea, and urine nitrogen) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a single bout of resistance exercise. A double-blind, crossover and acute study was conducted with ten men (age 29 ± 8 y; BMI: 25.4 ± 2.9 Kg/m2; 77 ± 12 kg; 1.74 ± 0.09 m) that were randomly assigned to five supplementation treatments: WP - whey protein; CAS - casein; WP/CAS - 80% WP/20% CAS; CAS/WP - 80% CAS/ 20% WP; PLA - placebo. Participants were submitted to the following evaluations: performance sessions, blood collection for each session for the BCAAs profile determination, two food records, 3-days assessment of DOMS (24h, 48h, 72h) after each treatment.

Official Title
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Association of Whey Protein and Casein in the Same Proportions of Human Breast Milk Promoted Similar Branched-chain Amino Acids Profile and Reduced Delayed Muscle Soreness in Physically Active Man

Conditions
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Sports Nutrition, Protein Supplementation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Blend Protein Supplementation
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo Supplementation
* Other: Resistance Exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy practice resistance training at least 3x a week Exclusion Criteria: Smokers Muscle injures cardiovascular diseases Diabetes mellitus Lactose intolerance

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Protein Supplementation and Resistance exercise<br>Protein supplementation composed of 20 gram of whey protein or casein in different proportions (80:20) and fasting state 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition | Dietary Supplement: Blend Protein Supplementation<br>* Protein supplementation using 20 grams of whey protein or casein mix. Acute Resistance training, 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1Maximum repetition<br>* Other names: Resistance Training;Other: Resistance Exercise<br>* 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo Supplementation<br>Placebo supplementation composed of 20 gram of Maltodextrin and fasting state 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition | Dietary Supplement: Placebo Supplementation<br>* Placebo supplementation using 20 grams of Maltodextrin. Acute Resistance training, 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1Maximum repetition<br>* Other names: Resistance Training;Other: Resistance Exercise<br>* 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise<br>|
| Experimental: Resistance Training<br>Resistance Exercise will be performed before supplementation and is composed by 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise. | Other: Resistance Exercise<br>* 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline in plasma amino acids concentration | Blood sample collected for analysis of BCAA concentration after blend protein or placebo supplementation expressed in (µmol/L) | 5 weeks | 
| Change from baseline in 1RM test | Change of training load using RPE, time and load expressed in (a.u) | 5 weeks | 
| Change in protein metabolism | Change in nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen balance after protein supplementation expressed in (g/24 hours) | 5 weeks | 
| Changes from baseline in macronutrient intake | Change of macronutrient intake were calculated pre and post treatment expressed in (g/24 hours) | 5 weeks | 
| Change in delayed onset muscle soreness | Change from baseline the delayed onset muscle soreness pre, post, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after treatment expressed in (a.u) | 5 weeks |