Intake of Beta-glucan and Postprandial Regulation of Blood Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Subjects

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The overall aim is to investigate the intake of beta-glucan in relation to glucose metabolism and satiety in a postprandial study with healthy subjects. The potential effects will be related to changes in the gut microbiota, the circulating levels of short chain fatty acids, inflammation and gene expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells

Detailed Description
-----------------
The intervention study will have a fixed order, cross-over design with three test meals containing low (0.5 g / 100 g of product), medium (3.5 g / 100 g of product) and high (8 g / 100 g product) amount of beta -glucans, respectively. The test meals are in the form of cereals. All participants will eat the three test meals three constitutive days with 2 weeks apart. At day four, the participants will perform a postprandial glucose test (OGTT, 75 g glucose in 150 ml water) at Oslo and Akershus University College. Blood samples will be taken before and at different time points after glucose test. At the screening visit the participants will be asked to limit the intake of dietary fiber from grains two weeks prior to the baseline visit (0) and during the study. Otherwise, participants will be asked not to change their diet and exercise habits during the study period. At the baseline visit (visit 0) an OGTT will be performed. OGTT will also be performed at visit 1, 3 and 5 after intake of low, medium and high beta-glucan, respectively. The participants will receive the test meals at visit 1, 2 and 4.

Official Title
-----------------
Beta-glucan and Blood Glucose

Conditions
-----------------
Post Prandial Blood Glucose, Gut Microbiota, Satiety

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: 0.5 g beta-glucan
* Other: 3.5 g beta-glucan
* Other: 8 g beta-glucan


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: BMI between 18,5 and 27 kg/m2 Fasting plasma glucose ≤ 6.1 mmol/l Exclusion Criteria: Chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes type 1 and 2, coronary heart disease and cancer the last 6 months. Intestinal diseases such as chrons disease, ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Food allergy and intolerances towards grain and dairy products. Pregnant and lactating Smokers Fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L CRP > 10 mg/L, measured at baseline (visit 0) BMI <18,5 and >27 kg/m2 Planned weight reduction and or ± 5% weight change over the past three months. Use of antibiotics last 3 months before study entry and during the study period Use of probiotics the last month before study entry and during the study period Blood donor last 2 months before study entry and or during the study period Not willing to end the use of dietary supplements four weeks prior to study entry and throughout the study period Alcohol consumption > 40g / day Hormone treatments (except contraceptives)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Intervention With cross-over design. Three test meals will be tested.
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Test meal 1<br>Test meal with 0.5 g beta-glucan | Other: 0.5 g beta-glucan<br>* Dietary cross-over study with beta-glucan fiber<br>|
| Experimental: Test meal 2<br>Test meal with 3.5 g beta-glucan | Other: 3.5 g beta-glucan<br>* Dietary cross-over study with beta-glucan fiber<br>|
| Experimental: Test meal 3<br>Test meal with 8 g beta-glucan | Other: 8 g beta-glucan<br>* Dietary cross-over study with beta-glucan fiber<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postprandial blood glucose response | Blood glucose response after OGTT | At day 4 | 
| Postprandial insulin response | insulin response after OGTT | At day 4 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| H2 breath response | H2 breath response after OGTT | At day 4 | 
| Free fatty acids | Plasma free fatty acids are measured after intake of test meals | At day 4 | 
| Microbiota analyses in feces | Microbiota analyses in feces are measured before and after intake of test meals. Change in microbiota will be analysed | At day 4 | 
| Serum triglyceride response | Triglyceride response are measured are measured after OGTT | At day 4 | 
| Serum cholesterol | Serum cholesterol are measured fasting after intake of test meals | At day 4 | 
| hunger and satiety hormones (e.g. GLP1) | The response in hunger and satiety hormones after OGTT | At day 4 | 
| Inflammatory markers (e.g. CRP) | Response in Inflammatory markers are measured after OGTT | At day 4 | 
| mRNA analyses in PBMC (RT-PCR) | PBMC are collected before and after OGTT. The change in mRNA level will be analyzed | At day 4 | 
| Quantitative assessment of metabolites in urine | Morning urine are collected before and after intake of test meals. Metabolites in urine will be quantified using UHPLC-qTOF-MS. Change in metabolites before and after test meals will be analyzed | At day 4 | 
| Quantitative assessment of metabolites in plasma | Plasma for metabolome analyses are collected after intake of test meals. Metabolites in plasma will be quantified using UHPLC-qTOF-MS. | At day 4 | 
| Visual analogue scale (VAS) | Subjective hunger and satiety will be estimated after intake of test meals for one day | At day 1 | 
| Visual analogue scale (VAS) | Subjective hunger and satiety will be estimated after intake of test meals for three days | At day 3 | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
beta-glucan, Blood glucose, Gut microbiota, Satiety, Dietary intervention