The Turkish Version of Functional Disability Inventory

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI), which assesses functional disability in daily life, school, and home activities of children aged 8 to 18, as well as to ensure cultural adaptation of this measurement. Chronic pain is the most frequent type of pain in children and adolescents, affecting one-quarter of the population. Children and adolescents with chronic pain have difficulty completing activities such as walking, jogging, and participating in sports, as well as daily activities. There is no valid and reliable measurement that measures pain-related disability in everyday life, at home, or at school from the perspective of a child in the literature. This study hypothesizes that the Functional Disability Inventory is a valid and reliable measurement for measuring functional disability in the Turkish population of children with chronic pain.

Detailed Description
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Chronic pain in children and adolescents is defined as pain that lasts longer than three months and is unabsorbable. Approximately 5% of the children said they were suffering from moderate to severe chronic pain, as well as impairments in their physical and psychosocial functions. Children and adolescents with chronic pain have difficulty completing activities such as walking, jogging, and participating in sports, as well as daily activities. Schoolchildren with chronic pain, for example, were shown to be five times more likely than their classmates without pain to miss school (13.9 percent vs. 2.4 percent), and it has been observed that absenteeism from school increases the likelihood of grade repeat in children with chronic pain. Headaches affect between 57 and 82 percent of children and adolescents aged 7 to 15. It is wrong to believe that a headache with this frequency and associated concomitant conditions does not result in functional disability and limitations in everyday activities. When compared to their peers without headaches, 62 percent of children and adolescents with headaches reported more functional disability due to moderate to severe headache, limitation in daily activities, and absenteeism from school. Pain and functional incapacity caused by pain cannot be assumed to have no impact on a person's ability to participate in activities. The term participation refers to a person's involvement in the circumstances of his or her life. Participation in daily activities is critical for all children's healthy development, regardless of their age. The fundamental goal of functional evaluation is to demonstrate a person's ability to function in society independently. This skill is employed in everyday activities such as personal care, social contact, housework, and recreational activities. The importance of these functions in daily life in pediatric patients, on the other hand, receives less emphasis (5). Walker and Greene (1991) developed the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) to assess impairments in children and adolescents caused by a variety of pediatric health conditions (6). There are fifteen items in the FDI category. These tasks are used to assess how difficult it is for the youngster to walk, climb stairs, eat, do household chores, go to school, participate in sports, read and write, and watch television. On a four-point Likert scale, (0=no issue, 4=impossible), each item is rated. With the child's own report, FDI assesses the difficulty in physical and psychological functions caused by the child's physical health. It is determined by taking into account the child's activity restrictions throughout the previous two weeks. The scale runs from 0 to 60. The total score is calculated by summing the individual item scores. A higher score indicates a higher level of disability. The purpose of this study is to see if the Turkish version of the Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) is valid and reliable in a Turkish sample of children with chronic pain.

Official Title
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The Turkish Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Functional Disability Inventory

Conditions
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Chronic Pain

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of chronic pain Age between 8-18 years Native language is Turkish Exclusion Criteria: - Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, psychotic symptoms, depression, etc. Inclusion Criteria for control group: Not diagnosed of chronic pain and psychiatric and neurological disease Aged at 8-18 years old Native language is Turkish Exclusion Criteria for control group: Children whose parents or themselves refused to participate Native language is not Turkish

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 8 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Chronic pain group<br>children are diagnosed with chronic headache by pediatric neurologist | |
| Health group<br>children without chronic pain | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of functional disability | Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) is 15 item self-report measurement designed to evaluate functional disability in children while they were doing various activities. Each item scored 0 to 4; 0 represents no trouble and 4 represents impossible. | Baseline | 
| Evaluation of severity of pain | Wong-Baker Face Pain Scale is valid and reliable measurement preferred by children and parents to evaluate severity of pain. It consists of 6 face expression that symbolized pain severity. These Show the stages of increased pain from smiling face (0 point) to a very sad and crying face (10 points). Children rate their current pain between these faces. | Baseline | 
| Evaluation of pain | In several pediatric diagnostic groups, the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) is applied for pain assessment APPT can be used on children aged 7 to 18. The APPT consists of three separate parts. First, the body diagram allows the child to indicate the location of the pain. Second, pain intensity was rated on a scale from no pain to worst possible pain based on 5-point Likert scale. Finally, the characteristics of pain and 67 words describing pain are indicated. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of somatization | Children's Somatization Inventory is a scale that evaluates the child's symptoms experienced in the last two weeks in both parent and child forms and the child's somatization symptoms from both perspectives. Total score is obtained by adding up all the scores. Higher scores indicate greater somatization complaints. Scores range from 0 to 96. | Baseline | 
| Evaluation of quality of life | Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory is a generic health related quality of life measure consisting of four core scales, physical function (8 items), emotional function (5 items), social function (5 items) and school function (5 items) that is intended for use in healthy and patient populations. Respondents are asked to recall the last month and indicate how frequently - from never to almost always - they have experienced specific phenomena. Item responses (0-100) are averaged to form total and core scores; higher scores indicate higher functioning. | Baseline | 
| Evaluation of anxiety | The measurement consists of two subscales as State Anxiety Scale and Trait Anxiety Scale. Each subscale has 20 items, and 40 items in total. State Anxiety scale assesses momentary subjective feelings in certain situations. Trait Anxiety Scale assesses continued subjective chronic feelings such as worry, anxiety and irritability. Total scores change between 20-80. Scores between 20-39 indicate mild, scores between 40-59 indicate moderate, scores between 60-79 indicate severe anxiety, and scores of 80 indicate panic. | Baseline | 
| Evaluation of Depression | Children Depression Scale is a measurement that can be used in children aged 6-17. The scale evaluates using the child's own answers. It consists of 27 items. In these choices, there are sometimes, often and always answers containing the item related to the question. Each item scored with 0,1,2. The highest score is 54, and higher scores indicating higher level of depression. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pediatric, chronic pain, headache, functional disability