Muscle Memory After Treatment With Anabolic Substance Clenbuterol and Resistance Training in Humans

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the project is investigate muscle memory and underlying mechanisms in humans following resistance training and use of the anabolic substance clenbuterol.

Official Title
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Muscle Memory After Treatment With Anabolic Substance Clenbuterol and Resistance Training in Humans: Myonuclear Addition, Hypertrophy and Myocellular Reprogramming

Conditions
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Clenbuterol
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy men and women BMI of <26 and normal ECG and blood pressure Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Chronic disease, Use of prescription medication Pain due to current or previous musculoskeletal injury Resistance training more than once per week in the 12 months leading up to the intervention Current or previous use of prohibited anabolic substances

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Clenbuterol<br>Participants are randomized to daily ingestion of clenbuterol for a period of 8 weeks, with or without supervised resistance training. | Drug: Clenbuterol<br>* Participants ingest 80 micrograms clenbuterol daily during the initial 8-week period. This period is followed by a washout of 16 weeks with no drug and resistance training. Thereafter, an 8-week period with supervised resistance training is commenced, with no drug.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Participants are randomized to daily ingestion of placebo for a period of 8 weeks, with or without supervised resistance training. | Drug: Placebo<br>* Participants ingest placebo tablets daily during the initial 8-week period. This period is followed by a washout of 16 weeks with no drug and resistance training. Thereafter, an 8-week period with supervised resistance training is commenced, with no drug.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fiber cross-sectional area | Immunohistochemistry to determine fiber cross-sectional area | The change in fiber cross-sectional is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 
| Myonuclei | Immunohistochemistry to determine number of myonuclei | The change in myonuclei is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 
| Skeletal muscle proteome | Pathway enrichment analysis of the muscle proteome using mass-spectrometry based proteomics | The change in the muscle proteome is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lean mass | Lean mass assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | The change in lean mass is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 
| Isometric muscle strength | Maximal voluntary isometric contraction of m. quadriceps | The change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 
| Dynamic muscle strength | 1-repetition maximum | The change in 1-repetition maximum is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 
| Sprint performance | Work performed (W) during a sprint on a bicycle ergometer | The change in sprint performance is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks | 
| Satellite cells | Immunohistochemistry to determine number of satellite cells | The change in satellite cells is assessed at baseline, 8, 24 and 32 weeks |