Sickness Evaluation at Altitude With Acetazolamide at Relative Dosages

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This double blind randomized trial will compare acetazolamide taken the morning of ascent to acetazolamide taken the evening prior to ascent for the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The day of ascent dosing has not been studied as a powered primary outcome. The study population is hikers who are ascending at their own rate under their own power in a true hiking environment at the White Mountain Research Station, Owen Valley Lab (OVL) and Bancroft Station (BAR), Bancroft Peak, White Mountain, California

Detailed Description
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The specific aim of this study is to determine whether acetazolamide started the day-of ascent is inferior to the standard night before ascent dose of acetazolamide for the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in travelers in travelers to high altitude. Acetazolamide has been examined in over 200 high altitude studies over the past 50 years, and is the most commonly used drug for AMS prevention in the high mountains of Nepal, Western Europe, and Africa. Current Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines recommend a 125mg dose of acetazolamide daily started the day or evening prior to ascent. However, day of ascent dosage has recently been found to be effective prophylaxis for severe AMS compared to placebo, but efficacy of day-of ascent dosage has not be confirmed versus standard acetazolamide dosage. While acetazolamide is commonly used as an acclimatization aid, it is traditionally started the day or evening prior to ascent to theoretically optimize diuretic effect and compensatory respiratory changes. This timing may be impractical when rapid ascent is necessary, such as in search and rescue and military operations, or for the general recreationalists, trekkers, or climbers who do not have time to start prophylaxis prior to heading into the mountains. As there are an estimated 100 million recreationalists annually who ascend to high altitude around the world, innovation on optimal timing has a potentially large impact on traveler safety. Acetazolamide has a time of onset between 60 - 90 minutes when taken as an immediate release tablet, with peak effect between 2 - 4 hours. With these pharmacokinetics in mind, we recently found that there was an observed robust protective effect of acetazolamide on severe AMS when taken the morning of ascent, and this was the first study to examine day-of dosing. This novel finding has not been otherwise investigated, and confirmation of this unique observation has the potential to increase acetazolamide'sits usage in high risk populations maximizing safety, while minimizing discomfort and poor sleep from pre-ascent nocturia., such as trekkers, skiers, climbers, and tactical missions requiring rapid ascents in the mountains of North America and Europe.

Official Title
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Sickness Evaluation at Altitude With Acetazolamide at Relative Dosages

Conditions
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Acute Mountain Sickness

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Acetazolamide


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-75 healthy non-pregnant volunteer live at low elevation < 4000 ft Arrange your own transportation to WMRS (Bishop) by Friday evening of study weekend Available for full study duration (Friday PM-Sunday AM) Exclusion Criteria: Age <18 or >75, Pregnant, Live at altitude >4000 ft Slept at altitude > 4000ft within 1 week of study Allergic to acetazolamide, sulfa drugs, Taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Acetazolamide, or Corticosteroids 1 week prior to study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Double blind randomized controlled trial
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: day of acetazolamide<br>acetazolamide 125mg twice a day, started morning of ascent | Drug: Acetazolamide<br>* a diuretic and commonly used medication for prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness<br>* Other names: diamox;|
| Active Comparator: night before acetazolamide<br>acetazolamide 125mg twice a day, started evening before ascent | Drug: Acetazolamide<br>* a diuretic and commonly used medication for prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness<br>* Other names: diamox;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| incidence of acute mountain sickness | incidence of acute mountain sickness by Lake Louise Questionnaire | 2 days |