Cracking the Code of Crying Babies: How Familiarity Changes the Interpretation of Cries

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Understanding babies' signals is essential to meet their needs. Recent works suggest that crying provides useful information, not only allowing parents to recognize their baby among others (static information), but also to distinguish between mild discomfort and pain cries (dynamic information). The perception of this information by adults involves a parental brain network including brain areas involved in empathy, attention, emotional regulation, motor as well as regions of the limbic system or associated with the reward network.

Detailed Description
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This network is involved when listening to cries of familiar babies, or pain cries. How do we become specialist of a baby's cries? To date, no functional imaging study has examined the specific brain activations when listening to the cries of a familiar baby in different situations, particularly painful ones.

Official Title
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Cracking the Code of Crying Babies: How Familiarity Changes the Interpretation of Cries

Conditions
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuronal Activity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: inclusion and familiarization
* Behavioral: fMRI acquisition and closure


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria For all volunteers: Affiliated or entitled to a social security plan Right-handed by the Edinburgh laterality test Having given free, informed and written consent to participate in the study Having given their consent for the communication of the MRI results to their attending physician Group with parental experience caring for infants : Men or women between 18 and 50 years old Parent of a child under 2 years old Group with professional experience in caring for infants Women between 18 and 50 years old Without dependent children under 2 years of age People in daily contact with infants in the professional circle (e.g. nurses, pediatricians, midwives, maternity nurses, etc) Exclusion Criteria Pregnant women, parturient, nursing mothers or parents Persons deprived of liberty, hospitalized without consent, hospitalized for purposes other than research Minors Adults under legal protection (guardianship) or unable to express their consent Subjects with contraindications to the MRI examination: use of a pacemaker or an insulin pump, wearing a metallic prothesis, an intracerebral clip or a piercing, claustrophobia, Taking medication for less than 12 hours, Neurological, psychiatric or auditory history or deficits. Anxiety and/or depressive disorders

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Group with parental experience caring for infants (20 men and 20 women) Group with professional experience in caring for infants (20 women)
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Women with parental experience caring for infants<br>Women parent of a child under 2 years old | Behavioral: inclusion and familiarization<br>* presentation of the study purpose and the protocol to the volunteer clinical examination to check inclusion and exclusion criteria Familiarization with the crying of one assigned baby, by listening to several bath cries from this baby<br>Behavioral: fMRI acquisition and closure<br>* Second phase of familiarization, listening again to bath cries of their assigned baby. These cries will be different from those listened during the first familiarization phase. MRI acquisition: after acquisition of the anatomical images (5 min), the subjects will listen to 64 cries divided into 4 functional MRI sessions of 10 minutes each. The cries will be those of their baby or of unknown babies, evoked in a painful (vaccination) or a non-painful (bath) situation, presented in a pseudo-random order. Participants will be asked to assess whether they recognize their baby (yes/no) and whether they recognize a pain cry (yes/no). debriefing Protocol ending<br>|
| Experimental: Men with parental experience caring for infants<br>Men parent of a child under 2 years old | Behavioral: inclusion and familiarization<br>* presentation of the study purpose and the protocol to the volunteer clinical examination to check inclusion and exclusion criteria Familiarization with the crying of one assigned baby, by listening to several bath cries from this baby<br>Behavioral: fMRI acquisition and closure<br>* Second phase of familiarization, listening again to bath cries of their assigned baby. These cries will be different from those listened during the first familiarization phase. MRI acquisition: after acquisition of the anatomical images (5 min), the subjects will listen to 64 cries divided into 4 functional MRI sessions of 10 minutes each. The cries will be those of their baby or of unknown babies, evoked in a painful (vaccination) or a non-painful (bath) situation, presented in a pseudo-random order. Participants will be asked to assess whether they recognize their baby (yes/no) and whether they recognize a pain cry (yes/no). debriefing Protocol ending<br>|
| Experimental: Women with professional experience in caring for infants<br>Women in daily contact with infants in professional circle (e.g., nannies, pediatricians, midwives, maternity nurses) without dependent children under 2 years old | Behavioral: inclusion and familiarization<br>* presentation of the study purpose and the protocol to the volunteer clinical examination to check inclusion and exclusion criteria Familiarization with the crying of one assigned baby, by listening to several bath cries from this baby<br>Behavioral: fMRI acquisition and closure<br>* Second phase of familiarization, listening again to bath cries of their assigned baby. These cries will be different from those listened during the first familiarization phase. MRI acquisition: after acquisition of the anatomical images (5 min), the subjects will listen to 64 cries divided into 4 functional MRI sessions of 10 minutes each. The cries will be those of their baby or of unknown babies, evoked in a painful (vaccination) or a non-painful (bath) situation, presented in a pseudo-random order. Participants will be asked to assess whether they recognize their baby (yes/no) and whether they recognize a pain cry (yes/no). debriefing Protocol ending<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| BOLD signal (blood oxygen level-dependent) | Measurement of the BOLD signal by fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) in adults during listening to natural cries of a familiar baby and unknown babies, in two painful (vaccination) or non-painful (bath) situations. | during the whole listening session | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| participants'experience at caring for babies | Experience at caring for babies : Yes or No | At the inclusion visit | 
| participants' sex | Sex : Male or female | At the inclusion visit | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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baby cries, pain, brain responses, fmRI, familiarity