Macrophage Markers in Periodontal and Peri-implant Health and Disease

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Macrophage surface markers (CD80, CD163 and CD206) will be evaluated in periodontally healthy gingiva, healthy peri-implant mucosa, and periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Soft tissue biopsies obtained from clinically healthy gingiva, healthy peri-implant mucosa, Stage III Grade C periodontitis lesions and peri-implantitis lesions will be evaluated. Healthy peri-implant samples are obtained from submerged implants during exposure surgery. Healthy gingiva samples are obtained from individuals receiving crown lengthening, gingivectomy or tooth extraction as excess tissue during the corresponding treatment. Samples from peri-implantitis and periodontitis (pocket depth ≥6 mm, bleeding on probing+) are obtained during initial periodontal treatment / debridement procedure with a single stroke at the pocket wall. The samples will be grinded and ultrasonicated. Western blotting will be used for determination of CD80, CD163 and CD206 in biopsy specimens. ImageJ will be used for intensity analysis of the bands.

Official Title
-----------------
CD80, CD163 and CD206 Tissue Levels in Periodontal and Peri-implant Health and Disease

Conditions
-----------------
Peri-Implantitis, Periodontitis

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: diagnosed with generalized Grade C Stage III periodontitis diagnosed with peri-implantitis periodontally healthy individuals with dental implants in the primary healing period periodontally healthy individuals who are in need of crown lengthening / gingivectomy or extraction Exclusion Criteria: systemic disease smoking / former smokers regular medicine intake antibiotic or anti-inflammatory medicine intake in the last 3 months pregnancy or lactation

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Periodontal health<br>Periodontally healthy individuals (2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions) who are planned to receive crown lengthening / gingivectomy of tooth extraction involving at least one site with pocket depth ≤3mm, bleeding on probing - | |
| Peri-implant health<br>Periodontally healthy individuals (2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions) with at least one partially-exposed dental implant with no bone loss prior to the prosthetic rehabilitation | |
| Periodontitis<br>Generalized Stage III Grade C periodontitis patients (2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions) having at least one site with pocket depth ≥6mm, bleeding on probing + | |
| Peri-implantitis<br>Individuals with at least one implant site with radiographic bone loss, pocket depth ≥6mm and bleeding on probing + | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CD80 | Tissue levels of CD80 Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software: Following scanning for optical densitometry, the gels were analyzed with Image J software by obtaining profile plots, drawing lines enclosing the interest area and measuring the peak area of interest with the wand tool. The calculated optical density values are presented as arbitrary density units. | Baseline | 
| CD163 | Tissue levels of CD163 Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software: Following scanning for optical densitometry, the gels were analyzed with Image J software by obtaining profile plots, drawing lines enclosing the interest area and measuring the peak area of interest with the wand tool. The calculated optical density values are presented as arbitrary density units. | Baseline | 
| CD206 | Tissue levels of CD206 Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software (arbitrary density units): Following scanning for optical densitometry, the gels were analyzed with Image J software by obtaining profile plots, drawing lines enclosing the interest area and measuring the peak area of interest with the wand tool. The calculated optical density values are presented as arbitrary density units. | Baseline | 
| CD80/CD163 Ratio | Tissue levels (Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software) of CD80 divided by those of CD163 | Baseline | 
| CD80/CD206 Ratio | Tissue levels (Western Blot assay analyzed using Image J software) of CD80 divided by those of CD206 | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Probing Depth | Probing depth of each site, where the tissue sample was harvested. The average probing depth of sites in each group are presented. | Baseline |