Evaluation of 41 Cases of Pediatric Granuloma Annulare

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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INTRODUCTION: Granuloma annulare is a non-infectious, granulomatous disease that can affect children and adults. Although there are many studies examining adult patients, there are limited studies examining pediatric granuloma annulare cases. It is aimed to examine the demographic, clinical, and pathological features of pediatric granuloma annulare cases in this study. MATERIALS and METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively in a single-center, tertiary dermatology hospital. Forty-one patients, under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare were scanned from the hospital database and patient photograph archive. Demographic characteristics, and clinical and histopathological features were evaluated.

Detailed Description
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Granuloma annulare; is a non-infectious, granulomatous skin reaction with potential triggers that can affect the adult and pediatric age group. Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and malignancy have been described in association with adult granuloma annulare cases. While there are studies on the clinical, pathological features and associated diseases in patients with adult granuloma annulare, a limited number of studies have been conducted on pediatric granuloma annulare patients. Therefore, clinical and histopathological evaluation of pediatric granuloma annulare cases was planned in our study. This study was performed retrospectively in a single-center tertiary dermatology hospital. Patients under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare were scanned from the hospital database and patient photograph archive. Cases with uncertain diagnosis were not included in the study. Cases with dermatological findings recorded in detail and/or diagnosed histopathologically were included in the study. Demographic features, lesion localization, lesion characteristics (size, elementary lesion, color), involvement (localized/generalized), histopathological features, concomitant diseases, differential diagnoses in cases with histopathology, regression time and recommended treatments were recorded.

Official Title
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Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation of 41 Cases of Pediatric Granuloma Annulare

Conditions
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Granuloma Annulare

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being under 18 years old Having granuloma annulare Applying to the Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Dermatology Outpatient Clinic between 2008-2021 Consenting to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: -Being over 18 years old

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients<br>Patients under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of the genders of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | male, female | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the ages of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | age (year) | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the concomitant diseases of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | the concomitant diseases of the participants | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the lesion localization of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | head and neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, trunk | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the lesion duration of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | the time interval in between appearance of the lesion and diagnosis (month) | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the lesion type of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | papule, pustule, plaque, nodule | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the mean size of the lesion | diameter (cm) | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of the clinical involvement | localized, generalized | day 0 | 
| Histopathological evaluation of the infiltration type of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | neutrophilic, lymphocytic, lymphohistiocytic, eosinophil, mixed infiltrations | day 0 | 
| Histopathological evaluation of the infiltration pattern of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare | Interstitial, palisadic | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of epidermal findings | regular/irregular, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis | day 0 | 
| Evaluation of depth of infiltrate | superficial, medium, deep | day 0 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Granuloma Annulare, Pediatric Dermatology, Pediatric Granuloma Annulare