Effects of Mindfulness Training on Burnout and Mood in Hospital Employees

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primary aims of the study are to 1) provide a hospital employee population with a mindfulness based stress reduction workshop and 2) evaluate the impact of this clinically validated group mindfulness intervention on burnout in health care employees. Secondary outcomes will be anxiety, depression, quality of life and self compassion.

Official Title
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Behavioral Health Support for Health Care Providers During COVID 19: A Remote Mindfulness Intervention

Conditions
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Anxiety Depression, Burnout

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Mindfulness session


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: English speaking Employees of Stanford Health Care Ability to attend a minimum of 4 out of 6 sessions Exclusion Criteria: Non-English speaking Employees with severe medical or psychiatric conditions that prevent them from participating in the group format

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Mindfulness group<br>Participants will attend 6 weekly educational and mindfulness sessions. | Behavioral: Mindfulness session<br>* 1.5 hour weekly session with health educator<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Burnout | 1. Differences in Burnout scale between time points The Burnout Scale has been validated by Trockel et al. (2018).It is composed of two subscales (emotional exhaustion containing 4 questions and interpersonal disengagement containing 6 questions.) Both scales are scored on a Likert scale of 0 to 4 (not at all to extremely). For total Burnout score, the scores of the combined scale (10 total) are averaged. The higher scores indicate higher levels of overall burnout. Individual subscale means will also be computed (with higher scores indicating higher amounts of emotional exhaustion and interpersonal disengagement. Difference in overall burnout measured at four time points (week 1 and 6 of the intervention and 3 & 6 months post intervention) will be reported and compared. The composite scales take approximately 2 minutes to complete. | Four time points (week 1 and 6 of intervention, and 3 & 6 month post intervention) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Anxiety | 1. Differences in GAD-7 between time points. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 is a well validated seven-item self-administered questionnaire used to measure anxiety. It has 7 questions with Likert scores ranging from not at all (score 0), several days (score 1), more than half the days (score 2), and nearly every day (score 3). Scores range from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety, and a cutoff of or above 10 representing high likelihood of generalized anxiety disorder. Differences in GAD-7 measured at four time points (week 1 and 6 of the intervention and 3 & 6 months post intervention) will be reported and compared. The scale takes approximately 2 minutes. | Four time points (week 1 and 6 of intervention, and 3 & 6 month post intervention) | 
| Change in Depression | 1. Differences in CES-D between time points. The Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression scale is a well validated self-administered questionnaire used to measure depression. The 20 item scale has Likert scores ranging from rarely or none of the time (score 0), some or little of the time (score 1), moderate or much of the time (score 2), and most or almost all the time (score 3). Scores range from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicated greater depressive symptoms. A cut off at or above 20 has sensitivity 79% and specificity of 80% for major depression. Difference in CES-D in 2019 measured at four time points (week 1 and 6 of the intervention and 3 & 6 month post intervention) will be reported and compared. The scale takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. | Four time points (week 1 and 6 of intervention, and 3 & 6 month post intervention) | 
| Change in Perceived Health | 1. Differences in GSRH between time points. A single item of the Health Related Quality of Life - 4 questionnaire In general, would you say your health is Excellent (score 1), Very Good (score 2), Good (score 3), Fair (score 4), or Poor (score 5), the general self-rated health (GSRH), is a strong predictor of future health care utilization and mortality. It also has excellent validity. Higher scores of the GSRH are related to higher health care expenditures. Difference in GSRH measured at four time points (week 1 and 6 of the intervention and 3 & 6 month post intervention) will be reported and compared. The scale takes less than 1 minute to complete. | Four time points (week 1 and 6 of intervention, and 3 & 6 month post intervention) | 
| Change in compassion | 1. Differences in compassion scores between time points. The 12 item Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form is strongly validated scale to measure self-compassion or the ability to hold one's feelings of suffering with a sense of warmth, connection and concern. Higher levels of self-compassion are associated with less depression and anxiety. Five-point Likert score are from 1 (Almost Never) to 5 (Almost Always). Total score is computed by reverse scoring negative items of self-judgement, isolation and over-identification (ie 1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1) and computing total mean. Difference in Compassion measured at four time points (week 1 and 6 of the intervention, and 3 & 6 month post intervention) will be reported and compared. The scale takes approximately 5-10 minutes to complete. | Four time points (week 1 and 6 of intervention, and 3 & 6 months post intervention) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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self-compassion, meditation, health personnel