Effect of Educational Intervention in Mothers for Prevention of Caries in Their Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of an educational intervention on mothers knowledge, attitudes and practices for preventing childhood caries.

Detailed Description
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Health education is being used as a key preventive tool in the prevention of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, obesity, mental illness, neurological disturbances as well as dental diseases. Amongst the dental diseases, dental caries is a high prevalence chronic childhood disease having long term growth and developmental implications . A number of educational programs have been utilized to decrease its prevalence especially in disadvantaged communities. Dental caries is a complex interplay of a number of risk factors such as demographic (socioeconomic status, race, etc.) behavioral, dietary and cultural factors. Among the dietary intake, the most significant risk factor has been a high frequency intake of sugary foods and drinks.Patterns of sugar intake are established early in life and sugar intake increases in the first two years of life. Early feeding practices and lack of oral hygiene maintenance have been identified as risk factors for caries in subsequent years. Maternal education can prove to be protective against dental caries by way of child's dietary practices. Research has also indicated a reduction in prevalence of caries in children whose parents were previously participants of an oral health educational program. Educating mothers about oral hygiene and feeding practices before the child transitions from exclusive milk diet to a variety of foods in an important time to exert a positive influence on dietary intake of child and overall oral health.

Official Title
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Effect of Educational Intervention in Mothers for Prevention of Caries in Their Children, A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Dental Caries

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: oral health education
* Behavioral: reminder phone call


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Mothers of 9-15 months old attending the vaccination clinic who consented to be a part of the study Exclusion Criteria: Mothers with severely ill children or children suffering from a co-morbid disease.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 9 Months
Maximum Age: 15 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: pamphlet and reminder<br>pictorial oral health pamphlet comprising of instructions on child's oral hygiene and feeding practices and a oral health education reminder phone call after a period of one month. | Behavioral: oral health education<br>* oral health education in the form of a pictorial pamphlet.<br>Behavioral: reminder phone call<br>* a reminder phone call on oral health instructions would be given to mothers after every one month over a period of three months.<br>|
| Other: pamphlet only<br>oral health education pictorial pamphlet would be provided to mothers however there will be no reminder phone calls. | Behavioral: oral health education<br>* oral health education in the form of a pictorial pamphlet.<br>|
| No Intervention: control<br>no oral health education or reminder phone calls will be provided to mothers. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| improvement in child's oral hygiene | Increase in the frequency of tooth brushing, use of a proper oral hygiene aid would indicate an improvement in the child's oral hygiene as reported by the mother after a three month follow up period. | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| reduction in sugar intake | A reduction in child's sugar intake would be assessed through the followup structured questionnaire as reduced frequency of sugary snacking and a reduction in night time feeding practices. | 3 months |