Positive Discipline in Parent Training

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a Positive Discipline Program applied to the parents of preschool children. Accordingly, the tertiary aims of this study included determining the effects of a positive discipline program on the child upbringing attitudes of parents with preschool children, their perceptions regarding each other's child upbringing attitudes, and the communication between preschool children and their parents.

Detailed Description
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This randomized controlled experimental study included pretest, posttest, and monitoring test applications with an intervention group, an active control group, and a no-contact control group. The study was conducted between May 2020 and June 2022. The universe of the study consisted of 653 parents with preschool (ages 3-6) children registered to the Izmir Bornova Şükrü Ergil Family Health Center No:9. Sample size was calculated using power analysis and assigned randomly to the intervention, active control, and no-contact control groups in groups of 24 (n=72). The intervention group was provided with 8 weekly sessions of a 90 minutes positive discipline program while the active control group was provided with 8 weekly 90 minute sessions of free interaction. No intervention was performed with the no-contact control group. Data collection was performed using a Personal Information Form, Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), Assessment of Parenting Attitudes of Couples Scale (APACS) and the Parent Child Communication Scale (PCCS).

Official Title
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The Effectiveness of a Positive Discipline Program Applied To The Parents of Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Positive Discipline Program

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Positive discipline program
* Behavioral: active control group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Registered at Şükrü Ergil Family Health Center No. 9 in Bornova, Agreeing to participate in the research, Having children between the ages of 3-6, Parents have not participated in any parent education program before, Having the cognitive ability to receive education, Able to read and write, Having no problems in hearing, seeing and understanding, Will be able to participate in at least 7 sessions of the positive discipline program and active control group, Capable of using an online program (because it is made online). Exclusion Criteria: Failure to attend at most one of the positive training program and active control group sessions, Parent's request to withdraw at any stage of the trial.
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>The intervention group was provided with 8 weekly sessions of a 90 minutes positive discipline program. | Behavioral: Positive discipline program<br>* The intervention group was provided with 8 weekly sessions of a 90 minutes positive discipline program<br>|
| Active Comparator: Active control group<br>while the active control group was provided with 8 weekly 90 minute sessions of free interaction. | Behavioral: active control group<br>* free interaction group consisting of topics determined by the families.<br>|
| No Intervention: No-contact group<br>No intervention was performed with the no-contact control group. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| improvement in parenting attitudes | Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) was used that scale consists of three sub-dimension. Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) was used that scale consists of three sub-dimension. It is expected that this study will change in authoritarian, overprotective and democratic parenting attitude. | 8 weeks later | 
| improvement in parenting attitudes | Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) was used that scale consists of three sub-dimension. Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) was used that scale consists of three sub-dimension. It is expected that this study will change in authoritarian, overprotective and democratic parenting attitude. | 3 months later | 
| improvement a parent's relationship with their child | Parent Child Communication Scale (PCCS) was used.The parent version of the PCCS involved a 20-item measure that also consisted of a five-point scale ranging from 'almost never' to 'almost always'. This PCCS parent version is composed of four sub-scales: parent communication, parent restricted topics, child/empathy listening, and child emotional expression. It is expected that this study will change in parent's relationship with their child. | 8 weeks later | 
| improvement a parent's relationship with their child | Parent Child Communication Scale (PCCS) was used. The parent version of the PCCS involved a 20-item measure that also consisted of a five-point scale ranging from 'almost never' to 'almost always'. This PCCS parent version is composed of four sub-scales: parent communication, parent restricted topics, child/empathy listening, and child emotional expression.It is expected that this study will change in parent's relationship with their child. | 3 months later | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Positive discipline, preschool period, parent training, parenting attitudes