Work-related Musculoskeletal System Disorders Among Female Workers in Hazelnut Factory

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in female workers in hazelnut factory. The secondary aim is to investigate the relationship between the musculoskeletal disorders severity and working posture, work related factor, psychosocial factor.

Official Title
-----------------
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Female Workers in a Hazelnut Factory: Prevalence, Working Posture and Relating Factors

Conditions
-----------------
Musculoskeletal Strain, Pain, Occupational Problems, Work-related Injury

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Investigation of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: age >18 years, had at least 12 months of continuous working experience in hazelnut selection. Exclusion Criteria: having pregnancy, working in a standing position or having a burden job, having joint disease, gout, diabetes, and trauma during the last one year

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: Investigation of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders|Structured questionnaires will be used to determine the prevalence of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work-related factor. Photogrammetric method will be used to evaluate working posture.|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) | NMQ will be used to determine the self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the different body part (neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, hip, knee, ankle) in which suffered from aches, pain, or discomfort during the last 12 months. The states of the obtained sick leave from work, obstructing of work, taken medication and seen a doctor or physiotherapist etc. during the past 12 months regarding the work-related MSD will be questioned. The participants can be responded by yes or no. | 10 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire short version (DMQ-s) | DMQ-s was used to evaluate the perceived workload, work-related risk factors, and general health status. DMQ-s involves four sections (general question, health, perceived workload, ergonomic environment). The score of the three sections except the general questions section will be summed. Higher scores means risky situation for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. | 10 minutes | 
| Assessment of the working posture | The working posture will be assessed using the photogrammetry method which is a reliable and valid tool for postural angles analysis. The photographs were taken the lateral aspect of the workers using a digital, professional camera (Canon 4000D, Japan) from a 150cm distance, at the height of the acromion in working position. Cranio-vertebral angle (CVA), thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles were measured on the photograph using the ImageJ program. The results will be recorded as degree. | 2 minutes | 
| Rapid Upper Extremity Assessment | Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) is a tool to evaluate upper extremity MSD risk factors. The RULA ergonomic assessment tool considers biomechanical and postural load requirements of job tasks/demands on the neck, trunk and upper extremities. A single page worksheet is used to evaluate required body posture, force, and repetition. Based on the evaluations, scores are entered for each body region in section A for the arm and wrist, and section B for the neck and trunk. After the data for each region is collected and scored, tables on the form are then used to compile the risk factor variables, generating a single score that represents the level of MSD risk. The score means 1-2 negligible risk no change requirement, 3-4 low risk change may be needed requirement, 5-6 medium risk further investigation change soon, 6+ very high risk implement change now | 5 minutes | 
| Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12 Health Survey) | SF-12 Health Survey is a multidimensional generic measure of health-related quality of life. SF-12 Health Survey includes two subdomains as physical and mental. SF-12 Health Survey has a scoring algorithm. The higher scores defines good quality of life. | 5 minutes | 
| Pain Severity | Pain severity will be scored between 0 and 10. The pain of nine different body part (neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, hip, knee, ankle) will be examined by the subject's perception. | 5 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
work-related musculoskeletal disorders, hazelnut factory, low back pain, neck pain