Risk Factors and Machine Learning Model for Proton Pump Inhibitor Related Acute Kidney Injury

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Recent evidence concerns acute kidney injury (AKI) following proton pump inhibitor (PPI) application. Few actual studies have compared the incidence, risk factors, and predictive models of AKI associated with PPI. The present study was a single-center retrospective study. The researchers retrospectively analyzed data from patients who received PPI medications between January 2018 and December 2020. PPI drugs included omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole, and pantoprazole. The primary outcome of the study was AKI, as defined by kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO). Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and continuous renal replacement therapy. Independent risk factors associated with AKI were identified by univariate analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05). Logistic regression models were constructed based on the variables obtained from the analysis. Internal validation of the model was performed by the ten-fold cross-validation method. Model discriminatory power was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The study aims to develop a PPI-related AKI prediction model based on an electronic medical record system that can be used to predict AKI in hospitalized patients and contribute to the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AKI, ultimately reducing morbidity and improving prognosis.

Official Title
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Analysis of Risk Factors of Proton Pump Inhibitor Related Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients and Developments of Machine Learning Model

Conditions
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Proton Pump Inhibitor, Acute Kidney Injury

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Proton pump inhibitor


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All inpatients who used proton pump inhibitor during hospitalization Hospital stay ≥ 48h Age ≥18 years There are two or more blood creatinine tests during hospitalization Exclusion Criteria: Hospital stay < 48h Age <18 years Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)< 30ml/min/1.73m2 within 48 hours after admission AKI was diagnosed on admission Less than two Scr test results during hospitalization The Scr values were always lower than 40 μmol/L during hospitalization Cases with incomplete medical history information

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| AKI Group<br> | Drug: Proton pump inhibitor<br>* Inpatients using proton pump inhibitor<br>|
| Non-AKI Group<br> | Drug: Proton pump inhibitor<br>* Inpatients using proton pump inhibitor<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients treated with proton pump inhibitors | To analyze the incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients after using proton pump inhibitors, and to build a prediction model. To assess the risk factors before using proton pump inhibitors is helpful to the early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AKI. | Through study completion，up to half a year. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Proton pump inhibitor, Acute kidney injury, Pharmacoepidemiology, Miss diagnosis, Risk factors, Logic regression