Prepare to Quit - A Clinical Trial to Help People Quit Smoking in a Community Dental Clinic Setting

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objectives of this study are: To determine the effect that an intensive, community dental clinic centered, stop-smoking program using a motivational interviewing approach has upon cessation rates for interested, smoking inner-city dental patients. To determine the effect that providing a tooth whitening incentive, in a community dental clinic stop-smoking program, has upon cessation rates for interested, smoking inner-city dental patients.

Detailed Description
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See above

Official Title
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Prepare to Quit - A Randomized Clinical Trial to Help People Quit Smoking in a Community Dental Clinic Setting

Conditions
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Smoking, Smoking Cessation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Tooth Whitening
* Behavioral: Motivational Counseling


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: current smoker dental clinic patient interested in quitting smoking Exclusion Criteria: minors those unable to provide own consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Motivational Counseling<br>The extended counseling group will receive one to three, 45-minute individual motivational counseling sessions using a motivational interviewing approach to Express empathy, Develop discrepancy, Roll with resistance, and Support self-efficacy. | Behavioral: Motivational Counseling<br>* Normally three counseling sessions. Session #1: Introductions; discuss habits, feelings, pros and cons of smoking; degree of addiction; previous quit attempts and relapse; reinforce patient confidence; open-ended questions to illicit self-efficacy; homework includes Pack-Track and Why Test. Session #2: Discuss smoking patterns, triggers, and risk situations; discuss methods to resist triggers, need for medications; prepare environment and back-up plan; discuss quit date; homework to review self-help workbook. Session #3: Reinforce previous concepts; review resistance plan; discuss and arrange pharmaceutical cessation aids; set quit date; homework to finalize all self/home preparations; offer tooth polishing on quit date; follow-up by telephone or appointment.<br>* Other names: Motivational Interviewing;|
| Experimental: Tooth Whitening Incentive<br>The tooth whitening group will receive all of the interventions previously described for the Motivational Counseling Group, and as an extra incentive against relapse, will also be offered complimentary tooth whitening procedures if biochemically verified as tobacco-free by Carbon Monoxide monitor (bleaching at 3-weeks, whitening strips at 3-months, and whitening touch-up at 1 year). | Behavioral: Tooth Whitening<br>* 1. A dental check-up will ensure the absence of contraindications to tooth whitening (cavities, soft tissue pathology, severe periodontitis) 2. Removal of calculus, plaque, or stains with a dental polishing 3. Treatment time is approximately 1 hour total4. Lips are retracted, tongue protector is placed and protective eyewear used 5. Saliva is suctioned and teeth are air dried 6. A liquid rubber dam material is applied to protect gums and cured by visible light. 7. The bleaching material is placed on the enamel surface of the involved teeth and is replaced if drying occurs 8. After 15 minutes, the bleach is suctioned, mouth rinsed and process repeated 9. Three to four applications are typically used<br>* Other names: Extrinsic vital bleaching;Behavioral: Motivational Counseling<br>* Normally three counseling sessions. Session #1: Introductions; discuss habits, feelings, pros and cons of smoking; degree of addiction; previous quit attempts and relapse; reinforce patient confidence; open-ended questions to illicit self-efficacy; homework includes Pack-Track and Why Test. Session #2: Discuss smoking patterns, triggers, and risk situations; discuss methods to resist triggers, need for medications; prepare environment and back-up plan; discuss quit date; homework to review self-help workbook. Session #3: Reinforce previous concepts; review resistance plan; discuss and arrange pharmaceutical cessation aids; set quit date; homework to finalize all self/home preparations; offer tooth polishing on quit date; follow-up by telephone or appointment.<br>* Other names: Motivational Interviewing;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Smoking Cessation | 1-year abstinence from tobacco use, biochemically verified by carbon monoxide breath test | 1-year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cessation