Body Composition in Preschool Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Thailand has been facing with the double burden of malnutrition. Many studies in Thailand, which aim to explore the situation, causes, and strategies to prevent obesity, have focused on adults, adolescents, or school-aged children. Few studies have been conducted in preschool children. Obesity or stunting during childhood increases the risk of being obesity in adulthood and leads to chronic diseases. If obesity is established in adulthood, it is difficult to reduce the excess weight. Thus, the prevention of obesity or stunting in young children should be highly considered. Study of dietary pattern and reliable field methods to measure fat mass (FM) in children may partly contribute to primary prevention of childhood obesity. The deuterium dilution technique is an accurate and suitable method for children and population-based studies. However, it has not been widely used in children in Thailand. Hence, this study aimed to utilize the deuterium dilution technique for assessing body composition and to determine the quality and quantity of dietary intake among children 3-5 years of age with different nutritional status. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 15 daycare centers in Nakhon Pathom and Samut Prakarn provinces. 120 preschoolers were purposively selected according to their nutritional status: stunted, thin, normal, and overweight/obese. Anthropometric measurements were conducted. Body composition was determined based on total body water using deuterium dilution technique. Dietary intake data were obtained using 2-day 24 hr recall.We hypothesized that stunted and obese children will have more fat mass compared to the normal children.

Detailed Description
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Body composition of the children was assessed using the deuterium technique. Total body water (TBW) content was calculated. Then, fat free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) was calculated. Weight and height of all children were using a standard technique. Body mass index and nutritional status was calculated using World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard for children 0-5 years. Dietary intake of children was assessed using 2 non-consecutive 24 hour dietary recalls. The 1st and 2nd recall was about 2 weeks apart. Nutrient intake was calculated using the INMUCAL-Nutrients WD. 4.0 (Institute of Nutrition, 2010).

Official Title
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Body Composition and Dietary Intake in Preschool Children Aged 3-5 Years in Daycare Centers

Conditions
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Obesity, Wasting

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy children Aged 3-5 years BMI or HAZ fall in the study protocol Exclusion Criteria: Chronic diseases Ongoing medical treatments likely to affect body composition Malformation or muscle diseases

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Years
Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| wasting, obesity, stunting, normal<br>wasting (BMI for age Z-scores < -2 SD), normal (-1 SD ≤ BMI for age Z-scores ≤ +1 SD), obesity (BMI for age Z-scores > +2 SD), and stunting (HAZ < -2 SD). | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body composition | Body fatness | 4 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nutrient intake | 24 hr recall was perform on a weekend day and a weekday day and nutrient intake was calculated. | 4 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Preschool children, Body composition