Dry Needlig Vesus Tecartherapy in Low-back Pain Treatment

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Introduction: Diathermy is a new tool that could help subjects with chronic low back pain (CLBP), with no studies having compared it to other interventions already investigated such as dry needling. Hypothesis: Diathermy is more effective than dry needling in improving pain intensity in the short term in subjects with CLBP. Design: randomised controlled trial Methods: We will conduct a convenience sampling, with subjects receiving 2 treatment sessions with diathermy or dry needling, according to allocation. Subjects will be assessed at baseline, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after treatment for pain intensity, disability, kinesiophobia and catastrophizing. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and moderation analysis will be performed to evaluate the results, with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Detailed Description
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A prospective longitudinal experimental randomised controlled trial study will be conducted from August 2022 to March 2023. The study will be conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement,15 and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups: Diathermy. Diathermy treatment was applied using the TCaRe Power diathermy instrument (PRIM Physio©), using a capacitive system with an intensity of 50%, with slight variation depending on patient tolerance and 500khz. The therapy will be applied for 10 minutes on each side of the patient's lumbar region, who will be positioned in prone decubitus during the intervention. The application will be active along with massage techniques. Dry needling. Dry needling is performed with a 4cm needle (APS Dry Needles®) on the most symptomatic side of the patient on palpation. To perform the technique, the patient is positioned in prone position on the couch. The physiotherapist palpates the lateral border of the lumbar iliocostalis muscle and performs the tapping technique in a latero-medial direction parallel to the stretcher. The technique is performed by applying 12 incisions. After the application of the technique, ischaemic compression shall be performed for 1 minute.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of Diathermy Compared to Dry Needling in the Short-term Management of Subjects With Chronic Low Back Pain: a Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Low Back Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Dry needling
* Other: Tecartherapy treatment


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age between 18 and 65 years. Chronic non-specific low back pain. Duration of pain of more than 6 weeks. Exclusion Criteria: Neurological signs or symptoms. Radicular pain. Radiating pain below the knee. Belonephobia. Traumatic processes and/or surgeries in the lumbar region in the last year. Having received physiotherapy treatment in the last 3 months. Systemic diseases such as cancer, rheumatic diseases, neurological diseases.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Dry needling<br>Dry needling is performed with a 4cm needle (APS Dry Needles®) on the most symptomatic side of the patient on palpation. To perform the technique, the patient is positioned in prone position on the couch. The physiotherapist palpates the lateral border of the lumbar iliocostalis muscle and performs the tapping technique in a latero-medial direction parallel to the stretcher. The technique is performed by applying 12 incisions. After the application of the technique, ischaemic compression shall be performed for 1 minute. | Other: Dry needling<br>* Invasive treatment will be performed on the most symptomatic lumbar iliocostalis muscle.<br>|
| Experimental: Diathermy treatment<br>Diathermy treatment will be applied using the TCaRe Power diathermy instrument (PRIM Physio©), using a capacitive system with an intensity of 50%, with slight variation depending on patient tolerance and 500khz. The therapy will be applied for 10 minutes on each side of the patient's lumbar region, who will be positioned in prone decubitus during the intervention. | Other: Tecartherapy treatment<br>* Treatment will be carried out with deep thermotherapy in the lumbar region.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analogue scale | The visual analogue scale (VAS) is a 10cm long line where 0 indicates no pain at all and 10 the worst pain imaginable. It is a tool that has shown good reliability values (r = 0.94). | Change from baseline at 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rolland-Morris questionnaire | The questionnaire scores from 0 (no disability) to 24 (maximum degree of disability), its cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish has shown good concurrent validity values (r = 0.34-0.57) and good reliability values (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.87). | Change from baseline at 3 months | 
| Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia 11 (TSK-11) | The questionnaire is scored from 11 to 44, the score being represented as a percentage from 0% (minimum degree of kinesiophobia) to 100% (maximum degree of kinesiophobia). The cross-cultural adaptation of the TSK-11 to Spanish has shown good concurrent validity values (r = 0.27-0.49) and good reliability values (r = 0.55). | Change from baseline at 3 months | 
| Pain Catastrophism Scale | The questionnaire is scored from 0 to 54 and is represented as a percentage from 0% (minimum degree of catastrophism) to 100% (maximum degree of catastrophism). The cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish has shown good values of concurrent validity (r = 0.28-0.66) and reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.84). | Change from baseline at 3 months | 
| Pressure pain threshold | The pressure pain threshold (PPT) will be measured using a hand-held algometer (Wagner Force Dial, Model FDK 20, Wargner Instruments, Greenwich, CT, USA). This algometer has a 1cm2 surface area tip that records the pressure in kg/cm2. The algometer has been shown to be a valid and reliable tool for the measurement of UDP, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values in subjects with low back pain of 0.93. | Change from baseline at 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Back pain, dry needling, Tecartherapy