High School Start Time and Teen Migraine Frequency

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Migraine is common in adolescents and can cause missed school and disability. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that high schools start no earlier than 8:30 AM in order to accommodate the physiologic needs of adolescents-whose brains naturally want to fall asleep later and wake up later and who still need to get at least 8 hours of sleep per night to function optimally-however, only about 18% of US high schools comply with this AAP recommendation. There is a relationship between adequate sleep and migraine. The investigators aim to determine whether high school students with migraine who attend high schools that comply with this AAP recommendation have lower migraine frequency than those that do not. If so, it would argue for advocating for changes in high school policy to optimize health of adolescents with migraine.

Detailed Description
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Study design: This is an observational study of high-school students in the U.S. who have migraine and who attend a standard high school (i.e. are not home schooled or online schooled). They will complete a one-time online survey answering questions about their headaches and their schedule--particularly schedule aspects related to school and sleep.

Official Title
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High School Start Time and Adolescent Migraine Frequency

Conditions
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Migraine

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: High School start time


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Live in the U.S. In 9th-12th grade Attends a high school that is outside of the home (i.e. not home-schooled or online schooled) High school has a consistent start time all 5 days of the week Has migraine by International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria Can read and write in English Exclusion criteria: NA
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| School start time 8:30 AM or later<br>These are high schoolers with migraine who attend a school that begins at 8:30 AM or later (i.e. follows AAP recommendation re: high school start time). | Other: High School start time<br>* The time that the school starts<br>|
| School start time earlier than 8:30<br>These are high schoolers with migraine who attend a school that begins earlier than 8:30 AM (i.e. does not follow AAP recommendation re: high school start time). | Other: High School start time<br>* The time that the school starts<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Headache days per month | How many headache days experienced in the last month | Last 30 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hours of sleep on typical school night | Respondent's estimate of hours of sleep on a typical school night | Last 30 days | 
| Typical bedtime on school night | Respondent's estimate of typical bedtime on school night | Last 30 days | 
| Typical wake up time on a school day | Respondent's estimate of typical wakeup time on a school day | Last 30 days | 
| Number of missed breakfasts in a typical school week | Respondent's estimate of how many times they miss breakfast in a typical school week | Last 30 days | 
| Acute headache medication days per month | How many days per month respondent uses acute headache medication | Last 30 days | 
| PedMIDAS (Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale) | Headache related disability score--Total score ranges from 0-246 | Last 90 days |