Movement and Behaviours Measurement Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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There are few studies that already have validated specific raw accelerometer cut-points for people over 65 years old. The purpose of the present study is to validate raw accelerometer cut points for general people over 65 years old and specific raw accelerometer cut points based on the functional status of older adults over 65 years old. The study will be carried out with an observational approach. Participants will be divided into 4 groups. First of them will be made grouping all subjects and the rest divided according to their functional status. They will perform different-intensity physical activities while wearing accelerometers attached to their body and wearing a portable gas analyser too. Their intensity will be assessed based on their own Rest Metabolic Rate (RMR). Energy expenditure and accelerations will be matched and, based on that, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity cut-points will be derived.

Detailed Description
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Knowledge on health implications of sedentary time and physical activity has been substantially improved in the last decades with accelerometer-based estimations. The popularity of these devices is partially explained by the capacity of objectively recording physical behaviors (e.g., sleep, sedentary time, physical activity…) during the whole day. The so-called cut-point approach is behind most of the research on physical activity with accelerometers. Cut-points provide metrics that are easy to understand, to translate to the public and to replicate by researchers in different settings. Usually, the minimum requirement is to use cut-points adapted to the age-group of the population of interest. Under this paradigm, cut-points have been developed in all age-groups and with a variate set to data collection and processing protocols. However, some scenarios lack of available cut-points to implement, being older adults (> 65 years) the population with less alternatives of cut-points to use. In this sense, studies with older adults choose cut-points developed in younger adults to classify physical activity intensities. Biomechanical and physiological differences between adults and older adults advise against using this strategy. Therefore, relative energy expenditure and functional status should be considered for future cut-points design. Moreover, must be also awarded that hardly any previous cut-points validation protocols have been performed in a free-living setting. For this reason, more studies following these designs seems necessary to improve cut-points population's validity. Missing all mentioned factors could lead to physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns misclassification in this population.

Official Title
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Validation of Cut-points to Estimate Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Intensities in Older Adults

Conditions
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Aging, Physical Function, Frailty Syndrome, Physical Disability, Lifestyle, Sedentary

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Older Adults Group.
* Behavioral: Low Physical Function Status Group
* Behavioral: Medium Physical Function Status Group
* Behavioral: High Physical Function Status Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 65 years and older Non-institutionalized Physical function assessment (SPPB>3) Exclusion Criteria: Have started an exercise program. Mini-Mental Score < 18. Presenting any physical activity contraindication.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| General Group<br>All those who are over 65 years old and capable of walking by themselves. | Behavioral: Older Adults Group.<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>|
| Low Physical Function Status Group.<br>All those who present a low physical function status will be included in this group. | Behavioral: Low Physical Function Status Group<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>Behavioral: Medium Physical Function Status Group<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>|
| Medium Physical Function Status Group.<br>All those who present a medium physical function status will be included in this group. | Behavioral: Low Physical Function Status Group<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>Behavioral: Medium Physical Function Status Group<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>Behavioral: High Physical Function Status Group<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>|
| High Physical Function Status Group.<br>All those who present a high physical function status will be included in this group. | Behavioral: High Physical Function Status Group<br>* Physical activity and energy expenditure quantification<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rest Metabolic Rate | (ml/kg-1/min-1) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Energy expenditure during physical activity performance | (ml/kg-1/min-1) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Accelerometry | Gravitational Units | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Physical function | Short Physical Performance Battery | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Frailty Status | Fried Frailty Index (0 criteria: Robust; 1-2 criteria: Pre-frail; >2 criteria: Frail) and Frailty Trait Scale (from 0 (best score) to 100 (worst score)) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Patterns. | Accelerometers | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Heart Rate | (bpm) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Body composition | Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cut-Points, Accelerometry, Physical Activity Quantification, Physical Function, Frailty Syndrome, Energy Expenditure, Aging