The Effect of Haptonomy Applied to Pregnant Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Introduction: Stress experienced during pregnancy can increase fear of childbirth, cause negative perinatal outcomes, and adversely affect the maternal-infant attachment process. This study was conducted to determine the effect of haptonomy applied to pregnant women on perceived stress, fear of childbirth, and prenatal attachment. Methods: The population of the randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 72 primiparous pregnant women within the gestational weeks 22-28 who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of a state hospital in Turkey for check-up (36 experimental subjects, 36 control subjects).

Detailed Description
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Background: Stress experienced during pregnancy can increase fear of childbirth, cause negative perinatal outcomes, and adversely affect the maternal-infant attachment process. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of haptonomy applied to pregnant women on perceived stress, fear of childbirth, and prenatal attachment. Methods: The population of the randomized controlled experimental study consisted of 72 primiparous pregnant women within the gestational weeks 22-28 who presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of a state hospital in Turkey for check-up (36 experimental subjects, 36 control subjects). A home visit was made to the experimental group, and haptonomy was applied for at least 30 minutes, once a week, for 7 weeks (with the researcher for 3 weeks, with the husband by providing the training brochure and video that will help the practice for the next 4 weeks). The control group did not receive any treatment. Data were collected at the first, third, and seventh weeks using the Pregnancy Description form, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A), and the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI). Number and percentage distribution, chi-square test, t test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures, two-way analysis of variance, Friedman test, and Cohen d test were used in the evaluation of the data.

Official Title
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The Effect of Haptonomy Applied to Pregnant Women on Perceived Stress, Fear of Childbirth and Prenatal Attachment

Conditions
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First Pregnancy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Haptonomy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Primiparous pregnant women who were married, aged 18 years and over, literate, living in the city center, not having any health problems in themselves and their infants, with spontaneous pregnancy at 22-28 weeks of gestation, without perception and communication problems, and who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: • Multiparity

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Haptonomy Group<br>A home visit was made to the experimental group, and haptonomy was applied for at least 30 minutes, once a week, for 7 weeks (with the researcher for 3 weeks, with the husband by providing the training brochure and video that will help the practice for the next 4 weeks). | Behavioral: Haptonomy<br>* Haptonomy, as a field dealing with emotional contact through touch, describe the relationship between parents and the unborn baby.<br>* Other names: Control Group;|
| No Intervention: Standard of care Group<br>The control group did not receive any treatment. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The PSS is a validated, The scale consists of 10 items, each item receives 1,2,3,4,5 points in turn and is evaluated over total score. Total score ranges from 10-50, and an increase in the score indicates an increase in perceived stress level. | Baseline | 
| Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A) | The W-DEQ-A is a validated,to determine the level of birth fear experienced by pregnant women.Answers in the scale are numbered from 0 to 5 and are in a six-point Likert type. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 0, and the maximum score is 165. | Baseline | 
| Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) | The PSS is a validated, explain thoughts, feelings, and situations experienced by woman during pregnancy and to determine the level of attachment to infant in prenatal period. Each item is of a four-point Likert type, with a score between 1 and 4. A minimum score of 21 and a maximum score of 84 can be obtained from the scale. Increase in the score obtained by pregnant indicates that level of attachment also increases. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | The PSS is a validated, The scale consists of 10 items, each item receives 1,2,3,4,5 points in turn and is evaluated over total score. Total score ranges from 10-50, and an increase in the score indicates an increase in perceived stress level. | Week 3 | 
| Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A) | The W-DEQ-A is a validated,to determine the level of birth fear experienced by pregnant women.Answers in the scale are numbered from 0 to 5 and are in a six-point Likert type. The minimum score that can be obtained from the scale is 0, and the maximum score is 165. | Week 3 | 
| Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) | The PSS is a validated, explain thoughts, feelings, and situations experienced by woman during pregnancy and to determine the level of attachment to infant in prenatal period. Each item is of a four-point Likert type, with a score between 1 and 4. A minimum score of 21 and a maximum score of 84 can be obtained from the scale. Increase in the score obtained by pregnant indicates that level of attachment also increases. | Week 3 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Fear of Childbirth, Haptonomy, Perceived Stress, Prenatal Attachment