BONDING TO ENAMEL USING A UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Objective: This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluates strategies for improving the bonding of universal adhesive to enamel in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) of a new universal multi-mode adhesive (Ambar Universal; FGM). Methods: A total of 134 restorations were randomly placed in 19 patients according to the following groups: SE - Self-etch; SEE - Selective etching; SE2X - Self-etch doble time; SE1+ - Self-etch additional layer. The resin composite Opallis (FGM) was placed incrementally. The restorations were evaluated after one week (baseline), 6 and 12 months, using the FDI and USPHS criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests (=0.05).

Detailed Description
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Interventions: restorative procedure All the patients selected for this study received dental prophylaxis with a suspension of pumice and water in a rubber cup and signed an informed consent form two weeks before the restorative procedures. The degree of sclerotic dentin from the NCCLs was measured according to the criteria described by Swift and others. The cavity dimensions in millimeters (height, width, and depth), the geometry of the cavity (evaluated by profile photograph and labeled at <45o, 45o-90o, 90o<135o, and >135o), the presence of an antagonist, and the presence of attrition facets were observed and recorded. Pre-operative sensitivity was also evaluated by applying air for 10 s from a dental syringe placed 2 cm from the tooth surface and with an explorer. These features were recorded to allow comparison of the baseline features of the dentin cavities among experimental groups. To calibrate the restorative procedure, the study director placed one restoration of each group to identify all steps involved in the application technique. Then, the two operators, who were resident dentists with more than five years of clinical experience in operative dentistry, placed four restorations, one of each group, under the supervision of the study director in a clinical setting. The restoration failures were shown to the operators prior to starting the study. At this point, the operators were considered calibrated to perform the restorative procedures. The operators restored all teeth. All participants received four restorations, one of each experimental group in different lesions previously selected according to the inclusion criteria. Before restorative procedures, the operators anesthetized the teeth with a 3% mepivacaine solution (Mepisv, Nova DFL, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) and cleaned all lesions with pumice and water in a rubber cup, followed by rinsing and drying. Then, shade selection was made using a shade guide. Cleaning of all lesions with pumice and water in a rubber cup was carried out, followed by rinsing and drying. Using a shade-selection guide, the proper shade of the composite was determined. Following the ADA guidelines, the operators did not prepare any additional retention or bevel. The NCCLs received the multimode adhesive system applied in different modes: 1-step self-etch approach (SE), selective enamel etching (SEE), 1-step self-etch applied for double time in the enamel (SE2X), 1-step self-etch approach with additional layer (SE1+) was applied as described below. The compositions, more details regarding the adhesion strategies used and batch numbers are described in Table 2. The adhesives were light-cured with a LED light-curing unit (1,000 mW/cm2) (Radii-cal), according to the manufacturer's instructions (Table 2). Opallis (FGM) composite resin was used in 2 to 3 increments, each one being light-cured (Radii-cal) for 30 s. The restorations were finished immediately with fine #2200 diamond burs (KG Sorensen). Polishing was performed with rubber points (Astropol, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein).

Official Title
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STRATEGIES FOR BONDING TO ENAMEL USING A UNIVERSAL ADHESIVE ON SELF-ETCHING MODE

Conditions
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Clinical Trial

Intervention / Treatment
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* Combination Product: 1-step self-etch approach (SE)
* Combination Product: selective enamel etching (SEE)
* Other: 1-step self-etch for double time (SE2X)
* Other: 1-step self-etch additional layer (SE1+)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants had to be in good general health. At least 18 years old Have an acceptable oral hygiene level Present at least 20 teeth under occlusion At least four NCCLs in four different teeth These lesions had to be non-carious, non-retentive, deeper than 1 mm, and involve both the enamel and dentin of vital teeth without mobility. The cavo-surface margin could not involve more than 50% of enamel, and all lesions had cervical margins ending in dentin. Exclusion Criteria: Participants had not be in good general health. At less 18 years old Have not an acceptable oral hygiene level Present at less 20 teeth under occlusion At less four NCCLs in four different teeth, these lesions had not be non-carious, retentive and involve only enamel of vital teeth with mobility.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This was a double-blind, equivalence superiority, split-mouth randomized clinical trial. The restoration procedures were carried out within the clinics of the Dental School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and at the State University Oeste do Paraná in Cascavel (Paraná, Brazil) from July 2016 to August 2017.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 1-step self-etch approach (SE)<br>According to the manufacturer's instructions. | Combination Product: 1-step self-etch approach (SE)<br>* Application mode - Do not use etchan. According to the manufacturer's instructions.<br>* Other names: SE;|
| Active Comparator: selective enamel etching (SEE)<br>According to the manufacturer's instructions. | Combination Product: selective enamel etching (SEE)<br>* Application mode - Etch only on enamel for 15 s. Rinse for 15s. Air dry to remove excess water.According to the manufacturer's instructions.<br>* Other names: SEE;|
| Experimental: 1-step self-etch for double time (SE2X)<br>According to the manufacturer's instructions, but for the double time (20 s) in the each application. | Other: 1-step self-etch for double time (SE2X)<br>* Application mode - Do not use etchan. According to the manufacturer's instructions, but for the double time (20 s) in the each application.<br>* Other names: SE2X;|
| Experimental: 1-step self-etch additional layer (SE1+)<br>According to the manufacturer's instructions, but apply tree times. | Other: 1-step self-etch additional layer (SE1+)<br>* Application mode - Do not use etchan. According to the manufacturer's instructions, but apply tree times.<br>* Other names: SE1+;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Retention | The primary clinical endpoint was restoration retention/fracture. | 6 montths | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Marginal Adaptation | Restoration marginal adaptation. | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Non-carious cervical lesions; Universal system; Longevity.