The Effect of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome on Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness and Recovery Time

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the study is to investigate Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) and its effect on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery time. The hypothesis is that people with JHS will experience increased DOMS when compared to non-hypermobile people. The results this study may assist and add to the body of knowledge when treating and exercising patients with JHS, as considerations can possibly be made when treating this population. Subjects with JHS may experience greater DOMS and require more time to recover between treatment sessions.

Detailed Description
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The research design will be a 2x5 factorial design. There will be two groups, an experimental group with hypermobile individuals, and a control group with individuals that are not hypermobile with normal ranges of motion. All participants will take part in an exercise session with eccentric bicep curls based on their 1 repetition maximum (1-RM), which is the highest amount of weight that they can lift concentrically once. The independent variables are the two groups and the dependent variables are girth, resting arm angle (RANG), Pain 1-10 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), McGill Pain Questionnaire, and pressure pain threshold using an algometer. The proposed study will include 20 participants between the ages of 18-35 years old, who exercise recreationally. Both groups will perform 1 set of standing eccentric bicep curls based on their 1RM to failure in order to induce DOMS.7 Each rep will include a timed 5 second long eccentric component with a metronome and without an concentric component, as the research conductors will lift the weight up or concentrically for the participant. The exercise will stop when the participant cannot volitionally keep up with the 5 second count lowering the weight. Prior to exercise, baseline measurements will be taken for all dependent variables. These measures will be taken every day at the same time of day,for the next 4 days. Girth is the measurement of the circumference of a limb measuring swelling, which commonly occurs during DOMS.7 Resting Arm Angle (RANG) is a range of motion (ROM) measurement of the arm while resting.The VAS is a simple pain scale ranging from 0-10, 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain the participant has felt..The McGill Pain Questionnaire is a questionnaire that allows the participant to rate their pain'.7 Lastly, the pressure pain threshold using an algometer is done by applying continuous ascending pressure at a constant rate in order to quantify the individuals pain pressure threshold.The change in measurements from baseline to post exercise will be recorded for subsequent data analysis.

Official Title
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The Effect of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome on Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness and Recovery Time

Conditions
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Hypermobility Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Eccentric Exercise for subjects with JHS
* Other: Eccentric Exercise for Controls


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age range: 18-35 years Good overall health Regularly participate in recreational exercise 10 subjects with normal ranges of motion (score of <4 on Beighton Scale), 10 subjects with increased ranges of motion (score of >4 on Beighton Scale AND hypermobile in the elbow) Exclusion Criteria: Individuals with Ehler-Danlos Syndrome. Any major musculoskeletal injuries in the last 6 months. Any recent traumas that could lead to acute hypermobility or instabilities Any known disorders that impede recovery/healing time (i.e. Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Scleroderma). Any other health issues that would risk the safety of the subject.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Comparing the recovery times and length of DOMS in individuals with JHS to individuals with normal ranges of motion in response to exercise
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Eccentric exercise of elbow in order to induce Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness<br>There will be two groups, an experimental group with hypermobile individuals, and a control group with individuals that are not hypermobile with normal ranges of motion. All participants will take part in an exercise session with eccentric bicep curls based on their 1 repetition maximum (1RM).Both groups will perform 1 set of standing eccentric bicep curls based on their 1RM to failure in order to induce DOMS.The exercise will stop when the participant cannot volitionally keep up with the 5 second count lowering the weight. Prior to exercise, baseline measurements will be taken for all dependent variables. These measures will be taken every day at the same time of day,for the next 4 days. | Other: Eccentric Exercise for subjects with JHS<br>* There will be two groups, an experimental group with hypermobile individuals, and a control group with individuals that are not hypermobile with normal ranges of motion. All participants will take part in an exercise session with eccentric bicep curls based on their 1 repetition maximum (1-RM), which is the highest amount of weight that they can lift concentrically once. The independent variables are the two groups and the dependent variables are girth, resting arm angle, Pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and pressure pain threshold. This groups will perform 1 set of standing eccentric bicep curls order to induce DOMS.Each rep will include a timed 5 second long eccentric component without an concentric component,. The exercise will stop when the participant cannot volitionally keep up with the 5 second count. Prior to exercise, baseline measurements will be taken for all dependent variables. These measures will be taken every day at the same time of day,for the next 4 days.<br>Other: Eccentric Exercise for Controls<br>* There will be two groups, an experimental group with hypermobile individuals, and a control group with individuals that are not hypermobile with normal ranges of motion. All participants will take part in an exercise session with eccentric bicep curls based on their 1 repetition maximum (1-RM), which is the highest amount of weight that they can lift concentrically once. The independent variables are the two groups and the dependent variables are girth, resting arm angle, Pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and pressure pain threshold. This groups will perform 1 set of standing eccentric bicep curls order to induce DOMS.Each rep will include a timed 5 second long eccentric component without an concentric component,. The exercise will stop when the participant cannot volitionally keep up with the 5 second count. Prior to exercise, baseline measurements will be taken for all dependent variables. These measures will be taken every day at the same time of day,for the next 4 days.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change is being assessed in Girth between the 5 time points | Girth is the measurement of the circumference of a limb in centimetres, measuring edema, which commonly occurs during DOMS. | Baseline (Day 1) through Day 2,3,4 and 5. | 
| Change' is being assessed in Resting arm angle (RANG)between the 5 time points, | Resting Arm Angle (RANG) is a Range Of Motion measurement in degrees of the arm while resting | Baseline (Day 1) through Day 2,3,4 and 5. | 
| Change is being assessed in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of Pain between the 5 time points | The VAS is a simple pain scale ranging from 0-100 mm, 0 being no pain and 100 mm being the worst pain the participant has felt. | Baseline (Day 1) through Day 2,3,4 and 5. | 
| Change is being assessed in The McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MQ2)between the 5 time points | The McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MQ2) is a questionnaire that allows the participant to rate their pain. | Baseline (Day 1) through Day 2,3,4 and 5. | 
| Change is being assessed in Algometer pain pressure threshold between the 5 time points | the pressure pain threshold using an algometer is done by applying continuous ascending pressure at a constant rate on their self reported most painful area surrounding the elbow in order to quantify the individuals pain pressure threshold, measured in kg. | Baseline (Day 1) through Day 2,3,4 and 5. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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DOMS, Hypermobility,, Recovery