The Effects of Video-based Yoga Interventions for Patients With Post-corona Virus Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aimed to understand if yoga exercises are superior to posture exercises as an alternative exercise therapy for relieving musculoskeletal pain, improving functional status, and improving quality of life during the post- corona virus disease (COVID-19) period?

Detailed Description
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Eighty five of 200 post- COVID-19 patients, who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria obtained from the records of the State Hospital. The participants were divided into video-based (VB) yoga (n=40), home-based (HB) posture exercise (n=28), and control (n=17) groups. The socio-demographic characteristics, pain status, walking and balance, and quality of life were evaluated twice, once before and eight weeks after the exercises.

Official Title
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The Effects of Video-based Yoga Interventions on Musculoskeletal Pain and Quality of Life of Patients' Post-corona Virus Disease: a Semi-randomized Controlled Prospective Study

Conditions
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Post-COVID-19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Video-based Yoga Exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: recently diagnosed with Covid-19 and discharged from the hospital; being at level 0: neglected functional limitation or level 1: negligible functional limitation on the Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale, referred for physical therapy for musculoskeletal pain. Exclusion Criteria: having any type of surgery in the last six months, being pregnant, being level 2 or above on the Post-Covid-19 Functional Status Scale
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Semi-randomized controlled prospective study.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Video-based Yoga<br>video-based yoga (n=40) given for patients in post-covid-19 status for 8 weeks | Behavioral: Video-based Yoga Exercises<br>* They were trained face-to-face with social distancing and a maximum of three participants. They were observed while practicing and necessary alerts and corrections were made. Documents related to the videos for yoga exercises and posture exercises specially prepared for this study by the qualified physiotherapist (MD) were provided to the participants<br>* Other names: Control group without any activity;|
| Experimental: Home-based postur exercises<br>Home exzercises were given for 8 weeks | Behavioral: Video-based Yoga Exercises<br>* They were trained face-to-face with social distancing and a maximum of three participants. They were observed while practicing and necessary alerts and corrections were made. Documents related to the videos for yoga exercises and posture exercises specially prepared for this study by the qualified physiotherapist (MD) were provided to the participants<br>* Other names: Control group without any activity;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Assessment by McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire | Assessment of pain by McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire: The localization (deep-D; superficial-S) of the pain was determined by a question in the first section of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the features (20 words and 2-6 sub words of each) and severity (mild to unbearable pain, Likert scale-5) of the pain were determined by questions in the second and third section of the questionnaire. In the fourth section, the relationship between pain, time, frequency, and the affecting factors was determined. Scores (total 0-112) obtained from the sections of the survey were collected. The pain level of the patients indicated that the higher the pain, the higher the score. | Baseline | 
| Balance and gait assessment | Balance and Gait Assessment: The total scores for balance and walking were 0-29 and 0-9, respectively. These scores aimed to reflect the fear of falling. There was no specific cutoff score. As the score increased, the fear of falling decreased. | At the beginning of the interventions | 
| Quality of life assessment by WHOQOL-BREF | The WHOQOL-short form consists of 26 questions and measures the physical, mental, social, and environmental well-being of the adult population. The Turkish version has 27 questions. The 27th is termed the Environment-Turkish. Each area refers to the quality of life in a respective field independently. The area scores are calculated between 1 and 100 by The World Health Organization Quality of Life-short form: The higher the score, the higher the quality of life. | Baseline | 
| Muscle Power assessment by handheld dynamometer (MicroFet 2; kgm, Hoggan Scientific, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) | The participants performed maximal isometric voluntary contractions (for lower extremity: M. quadriceps femoris, hamstring group muscles, M. tibialis anterior, M. gastrocnemius, and M. soleus; for upper extremity: M. triceps brachii, M. biceps brachii, and M. deltoideus: anterior, middle, and posterior heads) forcefully against the dynamometer. The dynamometer was held stationary by the physical therapist. | Baseline | 
| Pain Assessmentby McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire | Assessment of pain by McGill-Melzack Pain Questinnaire: The localization (deep-D; superficial-S) of the pain was determined by a question in the first section of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the features (20 words and 2-6 sub words of each) and severity (mild to unbearable pain, Likert scale-5) of the pain were determined by questions in the second and third section of the questionnaire. In the fourth section, the relationship between pain, time, frequency, and the affecting factors was determined. Scores (total 0-112) obtained from the sections of the survey were collected. The pain level of the patients indicated that the higher the pain, the higher the score. | Baseline | 
| Balance and gait assessment by TBGA | Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment: The total scores for balance and walking were 0-29 and 0-9, respectively. These scores aimed to reflect the fear of falling. There was no specific cutoff score. As the score increased, the fear of falling decreased. | Balance | 
| Quality of life assessment of WHOQOL-BREF | The WHOQOL-short form consists of 26 questions and measures the physical, mental, social, and environmental well-being of the adult population. The Turkish version has 27 questions. The 27th is termed the Environment-Turkish. Each area refers to the quality of life in a respective field independently. The area scores are calculated between 1 and 100. by The World Health Organization Quality of Life-short form: The higher the score, the higher the quality of life. | Baseline | 
| Muscle Power assessment by handheld dynamometer (MicroFet 2; kgm; Hoggan Scientific, Salt Lake City, USA) | The participants performed maximal isometric voluntary contractions (for lower extremity: M. quadriceps femoris, hamstring group muscles, M. tibialis anterior, M. gastrocnemius, and M. soleus; for upper extremity: M. triceps brachii, M. biceps brachii, and M. deltoideus: anterior, middle, and posterior heads) forcefully against the dynamometer. The dynamometer was held stationary by the physical therapist. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Quality of life, Functional capacity, Pain, Post-COVID-19 patients, Mild symptoms