The Effect of Kinesio Taping Tension on the Pain Threshold and Tolerance

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kinesiotape technique applied in different tensions on pain tolerance (PT) of healthy university students. 100 healthy and volunteer male individuals studying at Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Health Sciences will participate in the research. Study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Mugla Sitki Kocman University. The study is designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blind study to be performed on 4 groups consisting of 25 individuals in each group (No tension(Placebo), and 50%, 75%, 100% tensions of Kinesiotape). Kinesiotape will be applied over lateral epicondyle of the dominant extremities with diamond shape technique by a KTAI®certified physiotherapist. PT's will be measured with J-Tech algometer before, immediately and 30 minutes after taping by a different physiotherapist who will be blind to taping tension.

Detailed Description
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Diamond shape banding method will be applied in a way that 4 bands of 2.5 cm width cut kinesio tape ends on top of each other, leaving the lateral epicondyle region exposed while the elbows are slightly flexed in the supine position. In the groups where different tensions will be applied, the middle points of the tapes will be stretched according to the amount of tensions, and the ends will be taped over each other without tension.In the placebo group, the tapes of the tapes will be applied tensionlessly without overlapping each other. Algometer will be used in the assessment of pressure pain threshold and pain tolerance. Pain severity felt at the level of pain threshold and pain tolerance will be evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All measurements will be made before taping, immediately after taping and 30 minutes after taping, will be repeated 3 times and their average values will be recorded. There will be a 60 second rest period between each trial to avoid temporal sensitization. Each assessment will be performed bilaterally by another physiotherapist who is blind to the band tension and has no experience with the kinesio banding technique.

Official Title
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The Effect of Kinesio Taping Tension on the Pressure-pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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PRESSURE PAIN THRESHOLD, PAIN TOLERANCE, KINESIOTAPING

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: PLACEBO
* Other: 50% TENSION GROUP
* Other: 75% TENSION GROUP
* Other: 100% TENSION GROUP


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being a male university student over the age of 18 Volunteering for the study Filling out the informed consent form Not having the knowledge and experience about kinesiotaping before Exclusion Criteria: Being diagnosed with lateral epicondylit and its treatment Having any neurological disease or systemic disease that disrupts sense / pain perception (diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral vascular disease, etc.) Skin sensitivity to elastic banding Open wound, ulcer, fungal infection in the area to be taped Exposure to upper extremity and / or cervical injury in the past 6 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 24 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: PLACEBO<br>IN THE PLACEBO GROUP, THE ENDS OF THE TAPES WILL BE APPLIED NO TENSION WITHOUT OVERLAPPING EACH OTHER. | Other: PLACEBO<br>* The diamond shape technique, which is a kinesio tape technique, will be used in the lateral epicondyle region. The ends of the kinesiotapes will be applied tension-free without overlapping.<br>|
| Other: 50% TENSION GROUP<br>KINESIOTAPE WILL BE APPLIED WITH 50% TENSION. | Other: 50% TENSION GROUP<br>* Kinesiotape will be applied to the lateral epicondyle region with 50% tension.<br>|
| Other: 75% TENSION GROUP<br>KINESIOTAPE WILL BE APPLIED WITH 75% TENSION. | Other: 75% TENSION GROUP<br>* Kinesiotape will be applied to the lateral epicondyle region with 75% tension.<br>|
| Other: 100% TENSION GROUP<br>KINESIOTAPE WILL BE APPLIED WITH 100% TENSION. | Other: 100% TENSION GROUP<br>* Kinesiotape will be applied to the lateral epicondyle region with 100% tension.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pressure Pain Threshold | Study will be performed with 4 groups of 25 individuals, each of whom use the kinesiotape at different tensions. 0% tension application will be for Placebo, 50% tension application, 75% tension application 100% tension application. In groups with different tension banding, pressure pain threshold will be measured with algometer bilaterally. Measurements will be repeated 3 times and their average will be recorded. | 10 minutes | 
| Pain Tolerance | After measuring the pressure pain threshold, the pain tolerance of the same groups will be measured with an algometer. Measurements will be repeated 3 times and their average will be recorded. | 10 minutes | 
| Visual Analog Scale | Pain severity felt at the level of pain threshold and pain tolerance will be evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) bilaterally. The pain intensity created by the algometer probe end will be measured by VAS. The patients will mark the severity of their pain on a 100 mm line, one end of which is painless and the other end expressing unbearably severe pain. Values close to 0 mean that the pain is less, and values close to 100 indicate that the pain is high.The VAS assessment will be done immediately after each pressure pain threshold and pain tolerance measurements. Measurements will be repeated 3 times and their average will be recorded. | 10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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KINESIOTAPING