Mobile Health (mHealth) App for Safe Opioid Use

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
A key driver of the current opioid overdose epidemic is the misuse of legitimately prescribed opioid medications. Patient education through use of mobile technology may help to increase knowledge of appropriate use of opioid medications; however, knowledge does not always translate into behavior modification. Therefore, there is a need for more research into patient-facing technology that can increase both knowledge and behaviors consistent with appropriate opioid use. These needs have been amplified by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has exposed healthcare disparities, heightened the risk for mental and behavioral health disorders, and dramatically increased reliance on telehealth technologies. It is critically important that telehealth solutions be accessible and user-friendly for all consumers, particularly members of underserved communities with limited digital health literacy. This feasibility study will develop a mobile health app to improve appropriate use of opioid medications among patients with a prescription to treat non-cancer pain. The study will use focus groups with consumers and providers to determine the content and features to be included in the app and will test the feasibility of implementing a contingency management approach (i.e., rewards system) with the app using a randomized control trial. The key outcome of interest is confirmation of the design and operating specifications of the app, including the use of contingency management. Secondary outcomes of interest are the overall rating of the app and an increase in knowledge among users regarding the safe use, storage, and disposal of opioid medications.

Official Title
-----------------
Development of a Mobile Health App to Improve the Safe Use, Storage, and Disposal of Opioid Medications

Conditions
-----------------
Opioid Use

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Prescription Opioid Management App


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Has current prescription for opioid medication Any ethnic group Served through the following programs of partnering organization: primary medical care, transgender medical care, HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and counseling, LGBTQ services, pre-exposure prophylaxis and post exposure prophylaxis services, health education, clinical research, case management, psychosocial services, nutrition counseling, treatment adherence Owns an Android-base smartphone Exclusion Criteria: Unable to provide informed consent Pregnant women Currently being treated for/history of mental health or substance use disorder

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Device Feasibility
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Control<br>Subjects will use the smartphone app to manage use of prescribed opioid medications to earn points but there will be no reward provided. | Device: Prescription Opioid Management App<br>* Smartphone application that provides education and reinforcement of safe opioid use, storage, and disposal<br>|
| Active Comparator: Contingency Management - Virtual Pet<br>Subjects will use the smartphone app to manage use of prescribed opioid medications to earn points, which can be used in the care of a virtual pet. | Device: Prescription Opioid Management App<br>* Smartphone application that provides education and reinforcement of safe opioid use, storage, and disposal<br>|
| Active Comparator: Contingency Management - Monetary<br>Subjects will use the smartphone app to manage use of prescribed opioid medications to earn points, which will be paid out at the end of the one-week trial in the form of a monetary reward. | Device: Prescription Opioid Management App<br>* Smartphone application that provides education and reinforcement of safe opioid use, storage, and disposal<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Device functionality | Confirmation that the app features work as intended based on user input | Assessed at the end of the one-week trial | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) | Participants' assessment of functionality and utility of app with 19 items scored from 1 to 5 (overall score range 19 to 95) where higher scores indicate better app rating | Data collected through app and telephone interviews at the end of the one-week trial | 
| Change in knowledge quiz score | Participants will show an increase in knowledge related to the safe used, storage, and disposal of opioid medications based on a 10-item, investigator created, pre/post quiz (total score range of 1 to 10) designed to address key educational components of the app | Change in score as assessed at the end of the one-week trial |