Cortical Cerebellar Infarctions Associated With Patent Foramen Ovale in Young Stroke Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigator retrospectively analyzed consecutive young (<60 years) cryptogenic stroke patients with Patient Foramen Ovale (PFO) recruited between January 2016 and May 2019 in our center, and compared these patients with sex- and age-matched controls with cryptogenic stroke without PFO. Analyzed baseline characteristics: sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, history of stroke, and cortical/subcortical localization, arterial territory, number of lesions, and lesion size of the acute symptomatic infarction, together with the ROPE score. The presence and the number of acute and chronic SCCI lesions were assessed.

Official Title
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Small Cortical Cerebellar Infarctions Are Associated With Patent Foramen Ovale in Young Cryptogenic Stroke Patients

Conditions
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Brain Infarction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: MRI scanner
* Other: Contrast transoesophageal echocardiography


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients : young (<60 years) adult patients, Patient recruited and registered in our stroke database between January 2016 and May 2016 of our center (Nîmes University Hospital, France), Patients presenting with an acute symptomatic infarction (confirmed by diffusion-weighted MRI) of unknown origin Controls : age-matched controls with cryptogenic stroke without PFO

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| patients with an acute symptomatic infarction<br> | Other: MRI scanner<br>* MRI was performed with a 1.5T magnet (Ingenia, Philips, The Netherlands; diffusion-weighted imaging b-values = 0 and 1,000 s/mm2, TR 4,280 ms, and TE 97 ms). In case of technical problems with the 1.5T MRI scanner, a 3T magnet (Skyra, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used. MRI was analyzed by an experienced rater (DR), blinded to clinical data and MRI sequences other than diffusion-weighted imaging.<br>Other: Contrast transoesophageal echocardiography<br>* Contrast transoesophageal echocardiography (including Valsalva manoeuvre)<br>|
| controls with cryptogenic stroke<br> | Other: MRI scanner<br>* MRI was performed with a 1.5T magnet (Ingenia, Philips, The Netherlands; diffusion-weighted imaging b-values = 0 and 1,000 s/mm2, TR 4,280 ms, and TE 97 ms). In case of technical problems with the 1.5T MRI scanner, a 3T magnet (Skyra, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was used. MRI was analyzed by an experienced rater (DR), blinded to clinical data and MRI sequences other than diffusion-weighted imaging.<br>Other: Contrast transoesophageal echocardiography<br>* Contrast transoesophageal echocardiography (including Valsalva manoeuvre)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| number of infarction lesions | Number (increase) | day 1 | 
| infarction location | anterior, posterior, or mixed anterior-posterior circulation and the cortical/subcortical/corticosubcortical location of infarction | day 1 | 
| size of subcortical lesion | < or >15mm | day 1 | 
| presence of multiterritorial infarction | mixed anterior-posterior circulation or bilateral anterior circulation | day 1 |