Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Nature Sounds in Nursing Students

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PMR and nature sounds on nursing students' BPM skills, and anxiety levels and vital signs. Methods: This was a randomized controlled experimental study conducted at the nursing department of the faculty of health sciences of a university. PMR participants rested for ten minutes between the sessions and then practiced PMR for 15 minutes. PMR+NS participants practiced PMR accompanied by nature sounds.

Detailed Description
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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PMR and nature sounds on nursing students' BPM skills, and anxiety levels and vital signs. Methods: This was a randomized controlled experimental study conducted at the nursing department of the faculty of health sciences of a university. PMR participants rested for ten minutes between the sessions and then practiced PMR for 15 minutes. PMR consisted of taking a deep breath five times and then clenching fists, raising the shoulders, bringing the forearms towards the body, stretching the triceps muscle, and tensing and relaxing the forehead, eye, chin, neck, chest, abdomen, back, hips, thigh, and feet muscles. The investigators made a video of exercises in a certain order and uploaded it to the television in the lab prior to the intervention. The investigators turned on the video during the intervention and asked the participants to follow the instructions for PMR exercises. PMR+NS participants practiced PMR accompanied by nature sounds.

Official Title
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The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Nature Sounds on Blood Pressure Measurement Skills, Anxiety Levels, and Vital Signs in Nursing Students

Conditions
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Anxiety

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Progressive Muscle Relaxation
* Other: Nature Sounds


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: being a first-year nursing student voluntary participating in the theoretical part of the Pulse and Blood Pressure Measurement course and in lab practice. Exclusion Criteria: not participating in the theoretical part of the Pulse and Blood Pressure Measurement course and in lab practice.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Progressive Muscle Relaxation<br>PMR participants rested for ten minutes between the sessions and then practiced PMR for 15 minutes. PMR consisted of taking a deep breath five times and then clenching fists, raising the shoulders, bringing the forearms towards the body, stretching the triceps muscle, and tensing and relaxing the forehead, eye, chin, neck, chest, abdomen, back, hips, thigh, and feet muscles. The investigators made a video of exercises in a certain order and uploaded it to the television in the lab prior to the intervention. | Other: Progressive Muscle Relaxation<br>* PMR participants rested for ten minutes between the sessions and then practiced PMR for 15 minutes. PMR consisted of taking a deep breath five times and then clenching fists, raising the shoulders, bringing the forearms towards the body, stretching the triceps muscle, and tensing and relaxing the forehead, eye, chin, neck, chest, abdomen, back, hips, thigh, and feet muscles. The investigators made a video of exercises in a certain order and uploaded it to the television in the lab prior to the intervention. The investigators turned on the video during the intervention and asked the participants to follow the instructions for PMR exercises.<br>|
| Experimental: Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Nature Sounds<br>PMR+NS participants practiced PMR accompanied by nature sounds. | Other: Progressive Muscle Relaxation<br>* PMR participants rested for ten minutes between the sessions and then practiced PMR for 15 minutes. PMR consisted of taking a deep breath five times and then clenching fists, raising the shoulders, bringing the forearms towards the body, stretching the triceps muscle, and tensing and relaxing the forehead, eye, chin, neck, chest, abdomen, back, hips, thigh, and feet muscles. The investigators made a video of exercises in a certain order and uploaded it to the television in the lab prior to the intervention. The investigators turned on the video during the intervention and asked the participants to follow the instructions for PMR exercises.<br>Other: Nature Sounds<br>* PMR+NS participants practiced PMR accompanied by nature sounds. PMR consisted of taking a deep breath five times and then clenching fists, raising the shoulders, bringing the forearms towards the body, stretching the triceps muscle, and tensing and relaxing the forehead, eye, chin, neck, chest, abdomen, back, hips, thigh, and feet muscles. The investigators made a video of exercises in a certain order and uploaded it to the television in the lab prior to the intervention. The investigators turned on the video during the intervention and asked the participants to follow the instructions for PMR exercises.<br>|
| No Intervention: Standard Practice<br>The standard practice of the lab was made. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | The STAI consists of two parts; the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) and the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI). The SAI measures anxiety about an event while the TAI measures anxiety level as a personal characteristic. The TAI and SAI each consists of 20 items. The SAI items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale of 1 to 4 (1= never, 2= sometimes, 3= often, 4= always). The SAI items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale of 1 to 4 (1= almost never, 2= sometimes, 3= often, 4= almost always). Ten SAI items (1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20) and six TAI items (1, 6, 7, 13, 16, and 19) are reverse scored. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety. | pre-intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) | The SAI items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale of 1 to 4 (1= almost never, 2= sometimes, 3= often, 4= almost always). Ten SAI items (1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20) and six TAI items (1, 6, 7, 13, 16, and 19) are reverse scored. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety | through study completion for each group, an average of 4 hour | 
| The Blood Pressure Knowledge Test (BPKT) | BPKT is a multiple-choice test consisting of 20 items on definitions, physiology, affecting factors, classification, measurement sites, planning, application auscultation/ palpation measurement, and evaluation. A correct response is scored 1, and therefore, the total score ranges from 0 to 20. | through study completion for each group, an average of 4 hour | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Skill training, Nursing students, Anxiety, Blood Pressure Measurement Skills