Prevalence of IR in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Insulin Resistance (IR) among overweight and obese adolescents using HOMA-IR scores and identify lifestyle risk factors in the IR and Non-IR group.

Official Title
-----------------
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Conditions
-----------------
Insulin Resistance

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Blood Tests; Serum Fasting Insulin and Glucose


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Adolescents of ages ≥ 10-≤18 years, of both sexes who are Overweight (BMI > 85th percentile) or Obese (BMI > 95th percentile). Exclusion Criteria: Obesity due to Secondary causes as Cushing disease or hypothyroid patients, and any other patients with Chronic illness.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Insulin Resistant Group<br>HOMA-IR score of ≥ 3.4 | Diagnostic Test: Blood Tests; Serum Fasting Insulin and Glucose<br>* Laboratory results of blood samples, for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density protein (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) will be evaluated for this study. Fasting Insulin and fasting glucose levels will be used to calculate IR. Insulin Resistance will be calculated using Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (FPG (mmol/L) × FPI (mU/L)/22.5) [21] and defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 3.4<br>* Other names: Anthropometric Measurements including BMI and Waist circumference;|
| Non-Insulin Resistant<br>HOMA-IR score of less than 3.4 | Diagnostic Test: Blood Tests; Serum Fasting Insulin and Glucose<br>* Laboratory results of blood samples, for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density protein (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) will be evaluated for this study. Fasting Insulin and fasting glucose levels will be used to calculate IR. Insulin Resistance will be calculated using Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (FPG (mmol/L) × FPI (mU/L)/22.5) [21] and defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 3.4<br>* Other names: Anthropometric Measurements including BMI and Waist circumference;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of participants of the Obese or Overweight category with elevated Serum Fasting Insulin and Serum Fasting glucose scores | Measuring Serum Fasting Insulin and Fasting Glucose levels to calculate HOMA-IR scores Insulin Resistance will be calculated using Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (Fasting Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) × Fasting Plasma Insulin (mU/L)/22.5) and defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 3.4 to Detect Prevalence of IR, higher scores indicating increased Insulin Resistance. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Identifying Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance in each group | Information on each individual gathered regarding Lifestyle and Nutritional Habits including Social/Economic condition, Family History for obesity, diabetes and hypertension, perinatal history, early feeding and detailed Nutritional History; including sugar, carbohydrate and fat consumption, Physical activity, sleep quality, psychological stressors and performance at school. Data will be gathered for each group; Insulin Resistant and Non-Insulin resistance to determine associations between the two. | Baseline |