Bortezomib, Cyclophosphamide, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Primary Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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RATIONALE: Bortezomib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving bortezomib together with combination chemotherapy may kill more cancer cells. PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well giving bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone together works in treating patients with primary systemic light chain amyloidosis.

Detailed Description
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PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To assess the confirmed hematologic response rate of the combination of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Organ response rate of the bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone combination. II. Severity and frequency of adverse events associated with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone treatment in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis. III. Time to progression. IV. Survival. OUTLINE: Patients receive bortezomib IV on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral cyclophosphamide and oral dexamethasone once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 6 months for 2 years.

Official Title
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Phase II Study of Bortezomib, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone in Patients With Primary Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis

Conditions
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Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: bortezomib
* Drug: cyclophosphamide
* Drug: dexamethasone


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Histochemical diagnosis of amyloidosis as based on detection by polarizing microscopy of green birefringent material in Congo red-stained tissue specimens Measurable disease of amyloid light chain amyloidosis as defined by at least ONE of the following: serum monoclonal protein >= 1.0 g by protein electrophoresis, > 200 mg of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis, serum free light-chain >= 7.5 mg/dL with an abnormal kappa:lambda ratio Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) 0, 1 or 2 Absolute neutrophil count >= 1000/uL Platelet >= 75000/uL Total bilirubin < 3.0 mg/dL Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) Creatinine clearance >= 30ml/min Women of childbearing potential should have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, and should be willing to use an acceptable method of birth control (i.e., a hormonal contraceptive, intra-uterine device, diaphragm with spermicide, condom with spermicide, or abstinence) for the duration of the study Male subject agrees to use an acceptable method for contraception for the duration of the study Previously treated amyloidosis; no limit to prior therapy provided there is adequate residual organ function Symptomatic organ involvement (heart, kidney, liver/GI tract, peripheral nervous system or soft tissue); carpal tunnel syndrome skin purpura, or the presence of vascular amyloid on a bone marrow biopsy alone are not sufficient to meet criteria for symptomatic organ involvement Renal involvement is defined as proteinuria (predominantly albumin) > 0.5 g/day in a 24- hour urine collection Cardiac involvement is defined as the presence of a mean left ventricular wall thickness on echocardiogram greater than 12 mm in the absence of a history of hypertension or valvular heart disease, or in the presence of unexplained low voltage (< 0.5 mV) on the electrocardiogram Hepatic involvement is defined as hepatomegaly (>= 2 cm below costal margin) on physical exam or an alkaline phosphatase > 1.5 x ULN Peripheral nerve involvement is defined based on clinical history or abnormal sensory and/or motor findings on neurologic exam Autonomic nerve involvement is defined as orthostasis, symptoms of nausea or dysgeusia, gastric atony by gastric emptying scan, diarrhea or constipation Soft tissue and lymphatic involvement may be ascertained based on classic physical exam findings (macroglossia, shoulder pad sign, raccoon eyes, carpal tunnel syndrome, synovial enlargement, firm enlarged lymph nodes) or biopsy Voluntary written informed consent before performance of any study-related procedure not part of normal medical care, with the understanding that consent may be withdrawn by subject any time without prejudice to future medical care Willingness to return to Mayo Clinic enrolling institution for follow-up Exclusion Criteria: Melphalan or other myelosuppressive agents =< 3 weeks prior to registration; non-myelosuppressive agents like thalidomide, or high dose corticosteroids <= 1week prior to registration Concurrent use of corticosteroids, but patients may be on chronic steroids (maximum dose 20 mg/day prednisone equivalent) if they are being given for disorders other than amyloid, i.e., adrenal insufficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, etc Any of the following because this study involves an agent whose genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown: pregnant women and nursing women Other active malignancy =< 2 years prior to registration; EXCEPTIONS: Nonmelanotic skin cancer or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix; NOTE: If there is a history or prior malignancy, they must not be receiving any specific treatment for their cancer Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens including psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements Known to be HIV positive Receiving any other investigational agent which would be considered as a treatment for the primary neoplasm Clinically overt multiple myeloma (monoclonal Bone Marrow Plasma Count > 30%), and at least one of the following: bone lesions or hypercalcemia History of myocardial infarction =< 6 months, or requiring use of ongoing maintenance drug therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias Grade 3 sensory or grade 1 painful peripheral neuropathy Known hypersensitivity to bortezomib, boron or mannitol Cardiac syncope, uncompensated New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure or troponin T > 0.1 ng/mL

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Bortez/Cyc/Dex<br>Bortezomib IV on days 1, 8, and 15, oral cyclophosphamide and oral dexamethasone once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. | Drug: bortezomib<br>* 1.3 mg/m^2, by IV on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days<br>* Other names: VELCADE;Drug: cyclophosphamide<br>* 300 mg/m^2, orally, on days 1, 8, 15 & 22 every 28 days.<br>* Other names: Enduxan;Drug: dexamethasone<br>* 40 mg, orally, on days 1, 8, 15 & 22 every 28 days<br>* Other names: DXM;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants With a Confirmed Hematologic Response | Response that was confirmed on 2 consecutive evaluations during treatment. Complete Response(CR): Complete disappearance of M-protein from serum and urine on immunofixation, normalization of Free Light Chain (FLC) ratio and <5% plasma cells in bone marrow. Very Good Partial Response(VGPR): >=90% reduction in serum M-component; Urine M-Component <=100 mg per 24 hours. Partial Response(PR): >=50% reduction in serum M-component and/or Urine M-Component >=90% reduction or <200 mg per 24 hours; or >=50% decrease in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels. | Duration of treatment (up to 12 cycles/months) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants With Treatment Related Adverse Events. | Adverse events (AE) that are classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE version 3.0). The maximum grade for each type of AE will be recorded for each patient. Grade refers to the severity of the AE. Grade 1: Mild AE, Grade 2: Moderate AE, Grade 3: Severe AE, Grade 4: Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5: Death related AE Adverse events will be assessed using NCI Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Effects (CTCAE) v3.0. | Duration on treatment (up to 12 cycles/months) | 
| Number of Participants With an Organ Response. | The number of patients that acheived a response in an affected organ. | Duration on treatment (up to 12 cycles/months) | 
| Overall Survival | Survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. | Duration of Study (up to 5 years) | 
| Time to Disease Progression | Time to disease progression is defined as the time from registration to the earliest date of documented disease progression. If a patient dies without a documentation of disease progression the patient will be considered to have had tumor progression at the time of their death | Duration of Study (up to 5 years) | 
| Duration of Response | Duration of response will be calculated from the date of first evidence of response until the date of progression in the subset of patients with confirmed hematologic responses. | Duration of Study (up to 5 years) |