Evaluation of a Femoralis, n Femoralis and m Iliopsoas Tendon Sonoanatomy According to Age Groups in Children

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study aims to examine the sonoanatomy of the inguinal region in children according to age groups.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Regional anesthesia is frequently used in adults and children as part of multimodal analgesia or as a direct anesthesia method. Nowadays, these regional blocks can be applied more safely with the widespread use of ultrasound in daily clinical practice. Also, by identifying individual variations with ultrasound, the risk of block failure and possible complications has been minimized. Femoral nerve block and pericapsular nerve group block are now almost the first techniques used in hip and lower extremity surgeries or different indications. (1) Besides, these methods have become more advantageous in many aspects compared to spinal anesthesia in high-risk patients. However, to apply safe and successful regional anesthesia, both gross anatomy and sonoanatomy of the relevant region must be known well. There are sufficient clinical and anatomical studies on these anesthesia methods applied in the inguinal region in adults, and there is no anatomical and anthropometric study in children. (2,3) However, well-known anatomic reference points for performing these blocks in adults may be different in children. (4) Therefore, with this study, we planned to develop appropriate anatomic reference points for these blocks in children by evaluating the relationship between sonography and inguinal region structures (such as distance, diameter measurement) in children's age groups.

Official Title
-----------------
Evaluation of a Femoralis, n Femoralis and m Iliopsoas Tendon Sonoanatomy According to Age Groups in Children

Conditions
-----------------
Anatomic Abnormality, Anatomy, Pediatrics, Anatomic Landmarks, Anthropometry

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: ultrasound


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All pediatric patients Exclusion Criteria: a previous surgical history to the related area

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 28 Days
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Infants: 28 days - 12 month<br>inguinal sonoanatomy | Device: ultrasound<br>* ultrasonography to inguinal region<br>|
| small children: 13 months - 36 months<br>inguinal sonoanatomy | Device: ultrasound<br>* ultrasonography to inguinal region<br>|
| preschool age: 37 months - 72 months<br>inguinal sonoanatomy | Device: ultrasound<br>* ultrasonography to inguinal region<br>|
| school age: 73 months - 9 years<br>inguinal sonoanatomy | Device: ultrasound<br>* ultrasonography to inguinal region<br>|
| Preadolescant: >9 years - 12 years<br>inguinal sonoanatomy | Device: ultrasound<br>* ultrasonography to inguinal region<br>|
| Adolescants: >12 years - 18 years<br>inguinal sonoanatomy | Device: ultrasound<br>* ultrasonography to inguinal region<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| femoral artery and femoral nerve distance (mm) | ultrasonographic measurements | 1 hour | 
| Body weight (gr) | measured at ward | 1 hour | 
| height (cm) | measured at ward | 1 hour | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
sonoanatomy, pediatrics, inguinal region, variation, anatomy, PENG, femoral nerve, regional anesthesia, femoral artery