Description of Lung Transplant Patients With Microbiologically Documented Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Pneumonia and Impact of Treatment on Outcome

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-resistant Gram-negative bacillus and is an opportunistic pathogen. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections are associated with a significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The mortality of infections (bacteremia, pneumonia) related to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is variable and is estimated between 21 and 69%. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumopathies have been mainly described in patients hospitalized in intensive care and benefiting from mechanical ventilation. The existence of immunosuppression seems to be a risk factor for the transition from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary colonization to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection. The reference treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-associated pneumonia is the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamthoxazole, a molecule that lung transplant patients routinely receive as a preventive treatment for Pneumocysitis jirovecii infection. There is no consensus on the value of routine dual-antibiotic therapy, and it varies from one center to another and from one country to another. The main objective is to compare the clinical-microbiological evolution of lung transplant patients treated for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumopathy according to the prescription of a mono- or bi-antibiotherapy. The secondary objective is to evaluate the resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains isolated from respiratory samples according to the anti-pneumocystis prophylactic molecule received by the patient.

Official Title
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Description of Lung Transplant Patients With Microbiologically Documented Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Pneumonia and Impact of Treatment on Outcome

Conditions
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Transplantation Infection

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patient whose age ≥ 18 years Patient who has received a lung (mono or bi-pulmonary) or heart-lung transplant Patient with documented pneumopathy (clinico-radiological definition) (positive respiratory specimen for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) French speaking patient Exclusion Criteria: Patient under guardianship or curatorship Patient deprived of liberty Patient under court protection Patient objecting to the use of his data for this research

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical-microbiological course of lung transplant patients treated for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia | This outcome corresponds to the comparison of mortality and recurrence rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia according to the prescription of mono- or dual-antibiotic therapy. | Day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains | This outcome corresponds to the Trimethorpime/sulfamethoxazole resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains. | Day 1 |