An Evaluation of a Public Health Campaign in a High School Setting Targeting Pain Related Knowledge and Beliefs

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The beliefs held by students lead to behaviours in response to their pain which can be both helpful or a hindrance to how they manage their pain. The one-day education event aims to educate the cohort on the contemporary scientific understanding of persistent pain. It is hoped this event will result in an improvement in the alignment of beliefs and behaviours to contemporary understanding of persistent pain. The principal aim is to evaluate the pre-post beliefs about pain following a one-day pain education event.

Detailed Description
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The students will be asked to complete two questionnaires relating to their understanding of pain. One at the start of the conference and one at the end . The first questionnaire will gather demographic information (age, gender, ethnicity and any history of persistent pain). The following questions will be a series of multiple-choice questions relating to beliefs about persistent pain. The second questionnaire to be completed at the end of the day will be identical to the first, minus the demographic questions. Each questionnaire should take 5-10 minutes to complete. So total involvement in this study will be less than 20 minutes. The questionnaires will be provided in an unmarked brown envelope. The envelope will contain two questionnaires one marked before and one marked after. Participants will be asked to complete the before questionnaire at the start of the day and then put it back in their envelope. At the end of the day, they will be asked to complete the after questionnaire. Participants will keep the envelope with them during the day and at no point will their name or any other identifiable information go on the form. At the end of the day, they will be asked to leave the anonymous envelope in a designated area in the room.

Official Title
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An Evaluation of a Public Health Campaign in a High School Setting Targeting Pain Related Knowledge and Beliefs

Conditions
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Pain, Chronic

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: pain science education


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: students at one of six schools in Berkshire who had been offered the pain study day. Aged above 16. Providing consent to participate. Exclusion Criteria: Students not providing consent.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: exploratory, single-site, mixed-methods study
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>High school students receiving a day of pain science education in multiple formats, lectures, experiential, completing a task which consolidates the information. | Other: pain science education<br>* A full day of pain science education<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) | Helps to identify if participant beliefs are biomedical or biopsychosocial focussed, 12-item (Edwards et al, 1992, Walsh and Radcliffe, 2002). There are 2 scales within the PBQ: the organic beliefs scale has 8 items, with score ranges from 8-48, lower scores indicate less biomedical views and higher scores indicate more biomedical views. The psychological scale within the PBQ has 4 items with a score range of 4-24, a higher score indicates more biopsychosocial beliefs about pain and a lower score indicates less biopsychosocial beliefs. | one day | 
| Concept of Pain Inventory-Adult (COPI-Adult) | The Concept of Pain Inventory-Adult was designed for assessing knowledge and beliefs about pain science (Pate et al, 2022). It is a 13-item questionnaire. Higher COPI-Adult scores reflect greater alignment with contemporary pain science (Total scores can range from 0-52). | one day | 
| Vignette | Participants were asked what actions they would take if they had pain with regards to medication, scans, daily activity, exercise and work either based on yes/no answers or four to five multiple choice answers. The percentage of recommendations in keeping with guidelines were measured from 0-100% with lower scores indicating intended behaviours that were not in keeping with guidelines. | one day | 
| Semi-structured interviews | To explore pain beliefs after the education day and experience of the education day. | 3 months after the pain education day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pain knowledge, pain beliefs, experience of education, pain science education