Modifying (Phase I) and Evaluating (Phase II) Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Youth in Transition

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The unemployment rate is quite high among adults with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inadequate transition planning during high school and gaps between vocational needs and availability of evidence-based services help explain the struggles of transition-age youth at obtaining employment. There is a paucity of research on developing and evaluating services to support the transition to the work force after graduating from high school. The lack of available resources to support transition-age youth with an ASD speaks to the need to develop interventions that ameliorate obstacles to employment and help support the transition to the work force. Due to the social deficits characterizing ASD innovative interventions could target preparing job interview skills for students facing the transition to employment as the job interview is a critical gateway to securing a job offer. Thus, the overarching goal of this study is to modify an existing virtual reality job interview skills training program for use in high school students with ASD and to test the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting this intervention in a high school setting via a small controlled trial. Thus, study's first aim is to modify the existing 'Virtual Reality Job Interview Training' program to meet the specific needs of high school seniors with ASD. This will accomplish this by conducting in depth interviews with high school students with ASD and their vocational counselors to solicit feedback to modify the current training's learning goals, content, usability, and simulated interview scripts to meet the specific needs of transition age youth. An expert panel will determine the final modifications to the training program based on the results of the qualitative data analysis and their own views of the program. Second aim of the study is to conduct a pilot trial to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, portability, fidelity and preliminary effectiveness of the modified intervention in a randomized controlled trial. This study will also explore potential mechanisms for effectiveness and collect pilot implementation data.

Official Title
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Modifying (Phase I) and Evaluating (Phase II) Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Youth in Transition

Conditions
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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Virtual Reality Job Interview Training
* Behavioral: Services as Usual


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 16-26 years old and enrolled in high school or post-high school transition programming; Educational Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder using the Social Responsivity Scale 2nd Edition28, or a diagnosis of cognitive impairment, emotional disability, educational impairment or other health impairment according to the students Individualized Education Plan (IEP). They may have diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder as indicated in their IEP/school plan, or as indicated by a parent; Fluency in English with at least a 3rd grade reading level (confirmed with the Wide Range Achievement Test); Currently receiving transitional services as specified in IEP or other; Willing to be video-recorded; and Willing and able to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Has an uncorrected hearing or visual problem that prevents him or her from using the training. Has a medical illness that compromises their cognition (for example, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury) Inclusion and exclusion criteria is subject to PI discretion. Some students may still be enrolled after discussion with the teacher if it is determined that they still might be able to participate despite matching exclusion criteria, or not meeting all of the inclusion criteria. These cases will be documented and reported to IRB.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Services as usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training<br>In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. | Behavioral: Virtual Reality Job Interview Training<br>* Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance.<br>Behavioral: Services as Usual<br>* Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Services as Usual<br>Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. | Behavioral: Services as Usual<br>* Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Job Interview Skills | Interviewing skills will be measured using a role-play measure in which subjects act out one job interview scenario with trained actors. Interviews will be video recorded and scored. There is one mock interview and pre-test and one mock interview at post-test. The method of assessment is the job interview skills rating scale as measured by the Mock Interview Rating Scale, which has 14 items with each item ranging from 1 (Unlikely) to 7 (Very Likely). Possible scores range from 14 to 98, with higher scores indicating better interview skills. | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Job Interview Self-Efficacy | 9 item self-report consisting of 11 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with 1 indicating Not at all and 5 indicating Very True. The range of scores is from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy/motivation to complete job interviews, which is a better outcome. | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) | 
| Change in Job Interview Anxiety | 15 item self-report using a modified version of the brief Personal Report of Public Speaking Apprehension (PRSPA; McCroskey, 1970). After reviewing the brief PRSPA, we selected and reframed 10 items using a three point Likert-type scale (0 = not at all, 1 = sometimes, and 2 = often). Higher scores indicated higher anxiety, and scores could range from 0 to 26. | Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment) | 
| Competitive Employment | Obtained a part-time or full-time community-based job as completed via a self-report measure yes/no question. This survey could have been completed by either participants themselves, parents, or teachers. | Collected at pre-test and at 6 months after completing Post-Test Visit |