Chronic Effects of Fats on Satiety & Energy Needs

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of dietary fat on satiety (the experience of fullness between one meal and the next) and energy metabolism over an extended period of time (chronic effects). How dietary fat sources affect satiety, appetite and energy use is unclear. The investigators will use a controlled setting for the studies. They want to know if the source of dietary fat alters satiety, satiety hormones, and energy expenditure responses after consuming different diets.

Detailed Description
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This work will address the interaction of obesity and dietary fatty acids in regulating satiety and energy metabolism. The primary objective is to determine the effects of chronic intake of dietary fatty acids of varied saturation and chain length on satiety, thermogenesis and energy utilization in healthy individuals. The investigators hypothesize that unsaturated fatty acids will 1) increase satiety and 2) increase energy metabolism and that 3) the fatty acid binding protein polymorphisms are associated with reduced energy expenditure in response to dietary fat intake.

Official Title
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Chronic Effects of Fats on Satiety and Energy Expenditure

Conditions
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Overweight, Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: SFA
* Other: MUFA
* Other: PUFA
* Other: LCn3


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: body mass index between 25.0-34.9 kg/m2 free of major diagnosed, untreated medical conditions non-smoking or use of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes not taking steroid-based medications not planning to or currently attempting to gain or lose weight willing to comply with study demands low intake of long chain omega-3 fatty acids (<0.10 g/d) or willing to reduce intake for 6 weeks prior to starting the study Exclusion Criteria: diagnosed eating disorders diabetes (blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dl) hypertension (systolic > 160 mmHg or diastolic > 100 mmHg) diagnosed cardiovascular, pulmonary, skeletal and metabolic diseases currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant, or lactating taking medications known to affect appetite, blood lipids, body composition, body weight, or food intake (appetite control drugs, steroids, antidepressants)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Saturated Fat/SFA<br>30 grams saturated fat (SFA) in the form of heavy whipping cream will be provided to subject in a mixed meal shake | Other: SFA<br>* High saturated fatty acid/SFA oil source<br>|
| Other: Monounsaturated Fat/MUFA<br>30 grams monounsaturated fat (MUFA) in the form of olive oil will be provided to subject in a mixed meal shake | Other: MUFA<br>* High monounsaturated fatty acid/MUFA oil source<br>|
| Other: Polyunsaturated Fat Linoleic/PUFA<br>30 grams high linoleic polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) in the form of high linoleic sunflower oil will be provided to subject in a mixed meal shake | Other: PUFA<br>* High polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic)/PUFA oil source<br>|
| Other: Polyunsaturated Fat Omega-3/LCn3<br>30 grams high omega-3 polyunsaturated fat (LCn3) in the form of fish oil will be provided to subject in a mixed meal shake | Other: LCn3<br>* High polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3)/LCn3 oil source<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acute effect of fat intake on energy expenditure as determined by metabolic rate |  | Incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) of metabolic rate from 0 to 4 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Energy Expenditure, Appetite, Satiety