Intravenous Access Time in Pediatric Patients

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
In pediatric patients with no vascular access, anesthesia induction is usually achieved with sevoflurane. The aim of investigators to evaluate the optimum intravenous access time and the corresponding bispectral index (BIS) value in pediatric surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Patients undergoing anesthesia induction must have at least one vascular access opened for administration of intravenous drugs and fluid. In pediatric patients, fear of needles and anxiety about pain can cause discomfort. For this reason, inhalational anesthetics are commonly used for anesthesia induction in children. An ideal inhalational anesthetic agent should have a smooth and fast onset, little irritation to the respiratory tract, and no undesirable side effects. Sevoflurane meets almost all these criteria, so it is commonly used for anesthesia induction in pediatric patients. Studies related to the induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane have mostly focused on the ease of LMA insertion, the recovery characteristics, the hemodynamic variabilities, comparison of high and low initial sevoflurane concentrations, and cost comparisons between fixed 8% versus incremental techniques. However, after loss of consciousness, children subjected to early intravenous cannulation during sevoflurane induction can display movement, breath holding, coughing, and even laryngospasm. Only limited data are available in the literature regarding intravenous access time at anesthesia induction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bispectral index (BIS) values and sevoflurane concentrations during induction of anesthesia and to determine the optimum intravenous access time in pediatric patients.

Official Title
-----------------
Intravenous Access Time With the Corresponding Bispectral Index Value During Anesthesia Induction in Pediatric Patients

Conditions
-----------------
Intravenous Access, Pediatric Patient

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Intravenous access


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II Age between 2 months to 11 years Patients scheduled for day case surgery (including inguinoscrotal hernia or hydrocele, undescended testis, hypospadias, or routine circumcision) Diagnostic procedures (e.g., cystoscopy) or external ventricular drainage. Exclusion Criteria: Obesity Malnutrition Gastroesophageal reflux disease Allergy Sensitivity to volatile anesthetics Procedures lasting more than two hours.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 2 Months
Maximum Age: 11 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II; age between 2 months to 11 years; and scheduled for day case surgery
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Pediatric patients scheduled for day case surgery<br>A tourniquet was used to raise the vein for entry into the vein every 15 s after the ciliary reflex disappeared. If the patient showed no response to the tourniquet (movement, coughing, or laryngospasm), an experienced anesthesiologist entered a vein in the dorsum of one hand using a 22-24 gauge cannula. | Behavioral: Intravenous access<br>* A tourniquet was used to raise the vein for entry into the vein every 15 s after the ciliary reflex disappeared. If the patient showed no response to the tourniquet (movement, coughing, or laryngospasm), an experienced anesthesiologist entered a vein in the dorsum of one hand using a 22-24 gauge cannula.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intravenous access time with the corresponding bispectral index value during anesthesia induction in pediatric patients | It was evaluated the optimum intravenous access time and the corresponding bispectral index (BIS) value in pediatric surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. | 12 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Intravenous access, Sevoflurane, Bispectral index, Pediatric patient