Implementation of ABI and WIfI in Rural Health Clinics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this project is to assess the fidelity and sustainability of in improving provider performance with Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) assessment and ulcer staging with the would ischemia foot infection (WIfI) tool for new patients with lower extremity ulcers due to peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) at RHCs in the telemedicine network through a rural provider education program that is aligned with preexisting continuing medical education activities.

Official Title
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Implementation of Ankle Brachial Index Measurements and Wound, Ischemia, and Foot Infection Testing in Rural Health Clinics

Conditions
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Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diabetic Foot, Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: ABI/WIFI scoring


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To be eligible for the educational program, an RHC must: already have telemedicine capabilities with the UC Davis CHT, be within 3 hours driving time form UC Davis Medical Center, have a lead practitioner willing to act as the clinic's point person for the proposed educational project, and have seen at least 10 patients in the prior 3 months with foot ulcers due to DM, PAD or combined disease. Exclusion Criteria: To be eligible for the project, a RHC must NOT: have a dedicated foot ulcer assessment program with on-site measurement of arterial perfusion, and be located within a 45 minute drive of a vascular surgeon

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Clinic participants will be taught how to do ABI testing and WIfI scoring to identify patients with PAD/DM disease for early vascular referral. | Behavioral: ABI/WIFI scoring<br>* The initial ABI training workshop will be coordinated by the non-physician clinic staff champion, and all non-provider clinic staff will be asked to participate. The PI and a research assistant will conduct a 1.5-hour telemedicine training session instructing clinical staff in ABI measurement and WIfI and scoring, using the clinical scoring sheet. Following didactic teaching, participants will perform ABI tests under the guidance of the PI/research assistant and with the support of other participants. During each part of the workshop, specific attention will be directed to pitfalls and technical errors of the test. A pre-post assessment will be used to ensure comprehension of key concepts and performance of the ABI and WIfI tools.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ABI/WIFI adoption | This outcome is a binary (yes/no) outcome of whether a clinic is performing ABI and WIfI testing 6 months after the original training and implementation assistance | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ABI/WIFI adaption and fidelity | This outcome is a qualitative outcome. The outcome is based on the use a modified Program Assessment Fidelity Tool developed by Cummins. This tool tracks programmatic and evaluative changes over time. The tool asks respondents to determine the What, How, To Whom, Where, and Who program changes occur with definitions for each category. The tool classifies changes by cause. | 6 months | 
| ABI/WIFI sustainability | To assess sustainability, we will collect the number of patients seen with lower extremity ulcers over a one-year period and the number of patients with ABI measurement performed. We will review charts for the number of patients with WIfI classification documentation at the clinical encounter. | 6 months |