Incidence and Risk Factors for TSIH

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Trocar site incisional hernia (TSIH) is the most frequent complication associated to laparoscopic surgery. Few studies currently describes its real prevalence or risk factors. The aim of this study is to determine the real incidence of TSIH and to identify risk factors in the investigator's series of patients. A cross sectional, prospective study is performed including consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic procedure during a four months period. All the patients are assessed both clinically (TSIHc) and by an ultrasonographic exam (TSIHu). Main variable studied is the incidence of TSIH. A multivariate analysis is performed to identify risk factors.

Detailed Description
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Single-centre cross-sectional study based on prospective clinical and radiological assessment and retrospective risk factor analyses performed at a single hospital. All consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (cholecystectomy, colon resection, adrenalectomy, Nissen fundoplication and appendectomy) during a four months period were included in the study. At least 30 months after hospital discharge, they were invited by telephone to participate in the study. Detailed project information was provided, and those who accepted received an appointment for an outpatient visit and a dynamic ultrasound. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. In all patients, the umbilical trocar wound was closed with an interrupted suture with synthetic braided absorbable 2/0 suture (Novosyn® or Safil®). During the postoperative outpatient visit, clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed. To increase study homogeneity, all clinical examinations and ultrasounds were performed by a single surgeon and a single radiology resident supervised by the same abdominal radiology consultant, respectively. Sonography was performed with an Applio 500 equipment (Toshiba, Japan) with a 3.5MHz convex probe and a 7MHz linear probe. The ultrasound diagnosis was based on the identification of an abdominal wall defect with intraabdominal tissue protrusion. The main variables of the study were clinical (TSIHc) and ultrasound (TSIHu) diagnosis of incisional hernia. All results and variables were introduced in a previous specifically designed database (File MakerPro 11.0v3 © 1984-2011 FileMaker, Inc.). Data were collected from clinical interviews, physical and radiological examinations and the electronic medical record. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical software (IBM SPSS® Statistics).

Official Title
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Incidence and Risk Factors for Trocar Site Incisional Hernia Detected by Clinical and Ultrasonographic Examination.

Conditions
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Incisional Hernia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Ultrasonographic examination


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Previous laparoscopic surgery Age ≥18 years Informed consent signed Exclusion Criteria: Previous umbilical hernia repair Age < 18 years Informed consent not signed Failure to attend the postoperative appointment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: Ultrasonographic examination|All clinical examinations (physical exam) and ultrasounds are performed by a single surgeon and a single radiology resident supervised by the same abdominal radiology consultant, respectively.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| clinical TSIH incidence | Presence / absence palpableTSIH (yes / not) | 30 seconds | 
| ultrasonographic TSIH incidence | Identification of an abdominal wall defect with intraabdominal tissue protrusion (yes /not) Caudal and cranial diameters of the abdominal wall's defect (cm) | 1 minute 30 seconds | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Risk factors for TSIH | Risk factors for TSIH determination. Information obtained from the electronic medical record | 5 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Incisional hernia, Port site, Trocar site, Risk factors, Incidence