Trajectories of Health in Spanish Population

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Age with Health is a longitudinal cohort study aimed to examine trajectories of health, disability and wellbeing and their determinants for Spanish ageing population. Two waves have carried out so far. Wave 1 (2011-2012) and Wave 2 (2014-2015). Wave 3 will be conducted 2018, including also a new cohort of participants (Called 2018 Cohort). The study will provide reliable measures of population ageing and adult health in Spain - and will provide the basis for cross-country comparisons with longitudinal studies conducted in other countries.

Detailed Description
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Study Design: A prospective cohort general population study. Three study Waves Sample: Wave 1: A nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years or older from the Spanish population was collected (with an over-sampling of people aged 50+ years). A multi-stage clustered design was employed; four strata based on the number of inhabitants of the municipalities were built for each of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities. Clusters were selected within the strata with a probability of inclusion relative to their size. Within each cluster, households were randomly selected from a list of all households. In case there was more than one individual from the corresponding age group in the household, a random method was employed to select the individual participant. A total of 4,753 respondents were interviewed and signed the written consent. Wave 2: Wave 1 sample was re-interviewed (Wave 2) in 2014-2015. The mean follow-up period was 3.5 years (SD = 0.18). A total of 2,528 individuals were re-interviewed. The response rate in the second wave was 69.5%. This cohort will be re-interviewed after 3.5 years (Wave 3). Wave 3: Following the same sampling methods than in Wave 1 approximately 3000 participants from Madrid and Barcelona will be interviewed for the first time. Data collection: Face-to-face interviews by Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing at the respondents' homes by trained interviewers. All interviewers receive a standardized training. Data quality control is also performed. Main objective: To assess trajectories of general health, disability and well-being in Spanish ageing population. Secondary objectives: To identify trajectories of healthy ageing (in terms of psychical health, mental health, functioning and well-being) in Spanish adult population as well as their determinants To analyse prevalence and impact of chronic health conditions, mental health problems, well-being and loneliness on mortality in Spanish adult population. To determine risk factors for incidence and persistence of mental and physical health problems in Spanish ageing population. Hypothesis: The trajectories of health, functioning and well-being will be encompassed by relevant environmental factors such as social support, loneliness and health care utilization, personal factors (socio-demographic characteristics, healthy lifestyles, and high cognitive reserve among others) and other biological and health-related factors (weight, height, waist circumference, executive functions, blood pressure, grip strength, vision acuity, presence of mental and physical health problems and quality of life).

Official Title
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Longitudinal Trajectories of Health, Disability and Well-being in Spanish Ageing Population

Conditions
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Aging, Health, Subjective, Disability, Evaluation, Mental Health Wellness 1, Chronic Disease, Mental Disorder

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Non-institutionalized Spanish residents 18 years and over Exclusion Criteria: Institutionalized population

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from Wave 1 Heath Status | Measure: Health composite total score (Salomon, 2003). Construct: Health status. Final result: A global total score. Range: 0-100. 0 means lower health status. | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Disability | Measure: World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule-II (WHODAS-II). (World Health Organization, 2010). Construct: Disability. Final result: A global total score. Range: 0-100. 0 means lower disability | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Instrumental Activities of Daily living | Measure: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton & Brody, 1969). Construct: Instrumental activities of daily living. Final result: A global total score. Range 0-8. 0 means higher problems to perform activities. | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Activities of Daily Living | Measure: The Barthel Index (Van der Putten, 1999). Construct: Activities of Daily Living. Result: A global total score. Range 0-100. 0 means higher problems to perform activities. | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Experienced Well-being | Abbreviated Version of the Day Reconstruction Method (Miret, et al., 2012). Construct: Experienced wellbeing. Final Result: The used scale reports two global scores: Positive Affect total score. Range: 0-100 where 0 means lower positive affect. Negative Affect total score. Range 0-100 where 0 means lower negative affect. | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Quality of life | Measure: World Health Organization Quality of Life-Age (WHOQOL-AGE) (Caballero, et al., 2013). Construct: Quality of life. Final Result: A global total score. Range 0-100. 0 means lower quality of life | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Eudaimonic Well-being | Measure: The Flourishing Scale (Diener, et al., 2009). Construct: Eudaimonic Wellbeing. Final result: The scale used shows a total score. Range 8-56. 8 means lower eudaimonic well-being | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from Wave 1 Depression | Measure: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Depression module (WHO-CIDI, 1990). Construct: Presence of Depression. Final result: Two measures of depression according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. Presence of 12 month depression. Values (yes/no). Presence of lifetime depression. Values (yes/no). | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Suicide behavior | Measure: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Suicide module (WHO-CIDI, 1990). Construct: Presence of Suicide behavior The instrument reports six measures of suicide behavior. Presence of 12 month suicide ideation. Values (yes/no) Presence of 12 month suicide planning. Values (yes/no) Presence of 12 month suicide attempts. Values (yes/no) Presence of lifetime suicide ideation. Values (yes/no) Presence of lifetime suicide planning. Values (yes/no) Presence of lifetime suicide attempts. Values (yes/no) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Anxiety | Measure: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Anxiety disorders module (WHO-CIDI, 1990). Construct: Presence of anxiety Disorders Final Result: The instrument included in the study reports six measures of anxiety disorders according to Research diagnostic criteria. Presence of 12 month panic disorder. Values (yes/no) Presence of 12 month generalized anxiety disorder. Values (yes/no) Presence of 12 month phobic disorder. Values (yes/no) Presence of lifetime panic disorder. Values (yes/no) Presence of lifetime generalized anxiety disorder. Values (yes/no) Presence of lifetime phobic disorder. Values (yes/no) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of diabetes | Construct: Presence of diabetes Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for diabetes Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of osteoarthritis | Construct: Presence of osteoarthritis Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for osteoarthritis Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of any lung disease | Construct: Presence of any lung disease Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for any lung disease Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of stroke | Construct: Presence of stroke Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for stroke Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of chest angina | Construct: Presence of chest angina Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for chest angina Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of arthritis | Construct: Presence of arthritis Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for arthritis. Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 Blood pressure | Construct: Blood pressure Measure: Blood pressure monitor | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of cataracts | Construct: Presence of cataracts Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for cataracts Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of asthma | Construct: Presence of asthma Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for asthma Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of kidney disease | Construct: Presence of any kidney disease Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for kidney disease. Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of liver disease | Construct: Presence of liver disease Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for liver disease Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of cancer | Construct: Presence of any kind of cancer Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for any kind of cancer Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of anaemia | Construct: Presence of anaemia Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for anaemia. Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of thyroid problems | Construct: Presence of any thyroid problems Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for any thyroid problems. Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 
| Change from Wave 1 presence of glaucoma | Construct: Presence of glaucoma Measure: Self-reported information of 12-month presence of diagnosis and/or of treatment for glaucoma. Values: (Yes/No) | Three times (each 3.5 years) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Health Status, Well-being, Mental Health, Risk Factors, Aging