Effect of Mat Pilates Exercise on Musculoskeletal System, Body Composition and Psychosocial Status

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to investigate Mat Pilates exercise on the musculoskeletal system, body composition, and psychosocial status, Fatigue, SeverityScale, sleep quality, mood disorder. Method: Participants were randomly divided into two groups as Mat-PilatesGroup (n=16) and Control Group (n=16). Mat-PilatesGroup participants were given Mat Pilates exercise for about 1 hour per day, twice a week for 8 weeks, accompanied by a physiotherapist. Control Group participants did not participate in any exercise program.

Detailed Description
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Healthcare workers constitute a professional group that is physically and mentally burdened. Working in bad posture for long periods of time and being exposed to high occupational psychological stress both cause musculoskeletal pain and pose a high psychological risk. Stress-related risk factors such as standing for a long time at the workplace, insufficient rest times, and a working system in the form of shifts are common. Because time spent at work covers a large part of the day, it is inevitable that the work environment will have a significant impact on physical, social and psychological health. It is known that group exercises performed with colleagues in the company of a therapist at work are more effective in increasing vitality, improving pain and anxiety control, and increasing commitment to participation in exercise compared to exercise performed at home.Jakopsen et al. examined the effect of workplace-based exercises and home-based exercise in a randomized controlled study that included 200 female health workers working in 18 departments in three different hospitals. They observed that the group participants who exercised at work achieved more positive results in terms of muscle strength, musculoskeletal pain, and use of painkillers than the home-based exercise group. Pilates method; It is an exercise approach based on the theories of motor learning, core stability and body-mind-spirit interaction with the aim of reducing pain and disability, improving and rehabilitating physical abilities, with principles such as breathing, concentration, centering, control, precision and fluency. Mat-Pilates is the most common type of pilates, which has 2 working styles: Mat-Pilates and instrumented Pilates, and it uses gravity for core stabilization. The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of eight-week mat pilates exercises performed with a physiotherapist in the workplace on the musculoskeletal system, body composition and psychosocial status of healthcare workers.

Official Title
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Effect of Mat Pilates Exercise on Musculoskeletal System, Body Composition and Psychosocial Status In Healthcare Providers: A Randomised Control Trial

Conditions
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Healthcare Providers, Health-Related Behavior, Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: mat pilates


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male and female participants between the ages of 20-60, volunteer to participate in the study, healthcare workers, lack of habit of exercising regularly in participants, Those who can regularly participate in the exercise program to be applied Exclusion Criteria: have a disease that may prevent them from exercising (cardiovascular, pulmonary and orthopedic), having vision and/or hearing loss, pregnancy status, a history of loss of balance due to loss of consciousness or dizziness, balance disorder due to the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular disease, having a pacemaker or metal implant in their body

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Mat Pilates Group<br>Two days a week, approximately one hour a day, for a total of eight weeks, in groups of 5-6 people, they were included in the mat pilates exercise program. Before starting the exercise program, the study group participants were informed about the principles of the pilates working system (I am not sure if this statement is correct terminologically), the training program and the 5 key elements of the pilates approach, neutral spine (head-neck-shoulder-waist-abdominal placement), lumbopelvic stabilization, Informative training on scapular stabilization, focusing and breathing was given. | Other: mat pilates<br>* Both groups adapted for their rides by not participating in a different exercise and meal. In the study, they were not found in any store in the control groups. In the Mat-Pates Group, information about the 5 key elements of the study and pilates team, perspective (-neck-shoulder-waist-abdominal placement), lumbopel stabilization, scapular stabilization, review and information was covered. Then, in the study groups, it was purchased from groups of 5-6 people at most for one hour a day. In order to participate in all these application activities, he continues his life without participating in any evaluation.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Control group participants did not participate in any exercise program. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| weight in kilograms | evaluated with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Tanita RD-545) | Change from Baseline weight in kilograms at 2 months | 
| height in meters | The height of the participants was measured using a fixed stadiometer with 0.5 cm precision.While the person is standing during the measurement; Measurements were taken without shoes, head upright, feet touching the wall with heels together, knees tense, body upright and head in Frankfort plane. | 2 months | 
| waist circumference measurement | Individuals were asked to stand with arms outstretched and feet together, and measurements were taken from the narrowest part of the trunk. Since it is difficult to determine the narrowest part of the trunk in obese individuals, the evaluation was made from the midpoint between the ribs and the iliac crest. | Change from Baseline waist circumference measurement at 2 months | 
| hip circumference measurement | The widest protrusion level of the hip muscles was measured at the level of the symphysis pubis anteriorly and in the posterior region. | Change from Baseline hip circumference measurement at 2 months | 
| waist/hip ratio circumference measurement | It was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (cm) of the individuals by the hip circumference (cm). Waist/hip Ratio is the most commonly used anthropometric method to determine fat distribution. While waist circumference of 90 cm and above determines the risk increase in men, this measurement is 80 cm and above in women. Waist circumference of 102 cm or more in men and 88 cm or more in women indicates a significant increased risk for coronary heart disease and metabolic complications. | hange from Baseline waist/hip ratio circumference measurement at 2 months | 
| Body Mass Index | weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2) | Change from Baseline Body Mass Index at 2 months | 
| Body Fat Ratio | evaluated with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (Tanita RD-545) | Change from Baseline Body Fat Ratio at 2 months | 
| Fat Mass | All carbohydrates, fats and proteins that are in excess of the need in the body turn into adipose tissue. A large part of this transformed warehouse is located under the skin, especially in the thigh, hip and chest area. | Change from Baseline Fat Mass at 2 months | 
| bilateral arm circumference measurement | The midpoint between the acromion and the olecranon was found and marked on the arm. The individual was asked to stand and flex the elbow by contracting the biceps brachii muscle. Circumference measurement was taken from the widest part of the muscle. | Change from Baseline bilateral arm circumference measurement at 2 months | 
| leg circumference measurement | The measurement was made in a standing position. Measurements were made at the midpoint between the inguinal region and the proximal part of the patella or where the muscle was most swollen. 10-15 cm above the patella corresponds to this point | Change from Baseline bilateral leg circumference measurement at 2 months | 
| Flexibility Assessment | Trunk Flexion and Hamstring Length, Trunk Hyperextension, Trunk Lateral Flexion | Change from Baseline Flexibility Assessment at 2 months | 
| Psychosocial Status Assessment | Quality of Life (Short Form) Scale: The scale includes a total of 36 items and 8 subsections to be answered considering the last four weeks. health status is evaluated between 0 and 100 points in total. 0 indicates worst health, 100 indicates best health. | Change from Baseline Psychosocial Status Assessment at 2 months | 
| Fatigue Severity | Fatigue Severity Scale: The Turkish version of the Fatigue Severity Scale (ref) was used to evaluate the fatigue status of individuals. The scale assesses the state of fatigue in the last four weeks, including the day it was filled. Individuals score between 0 and 7 (for each question?) on the scale, which consists of 9 questions in total. High scores indicate increased fatigue | Change from Baseline Fatigue Severity at 2 months | 
| Sleep Quality | Pittsburg Sleep Quality index: The Turkish version of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (ref) was used for the quantitative evaluation of sleep quality. The scale consists of a total of 24 questions, 19 of which are self-report (self-report) questions and 5 of which are answered by the individual's spouse or roommate (these questions are not included in the calculation), and it evaluates the last one-month period. Self-assessment questions are related to sleep quality and do not indicate sleep disturbance and the prevalence of the disorder. The 18 items scored are grouped into seven component scores (subjective sleep quality, sleep delay, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping pills, daytime dysfunction). The total score of the seven components is equal to the total index score. Each item is scored between 0-3 and the total score varies between 0-21. A total score of five or more indicates poor sleep quality. | Change from Baseline Sleep Quality at 2 months | 
| Mood | Beck Depression Inventory: Individuals' emotional states were evaluated with the Turkish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (ref). BDI is a self-assessment scale designed to define and measure the severity of depression in healthy individuals and psychiatric patient groups. It consists of 21 items in total and each item is scored between 0-3. A total is obtained by summing the scores of all items. A high total score indicates a high severity of depression. 0-9 points = no depression, 10-16 points = mild depression, 17-29 points = moderate depression, 30 and above = severe depression | Change from Baseline Mood at 2 months | 
| Trunk Flexibility Assesment | For this test, individuals were asked to stand on a 15 cm high block, bend forward without bending their knees, and try to touch the tips of their toes. The distance between the fingertip and the block surface was measured with a tape measure and recorded in centimeters. With this test, flexibility of the lumbar region, hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles was evaluated. | Change from Baseline Trunk Flexibility Assesment at 2 months | 
| Trunk Hyperextension Flexibility Assesment | In this test, the individual stood facing the wall, keeping his pelvis and trunk in contact with the wall. For the initial value, the distance between the wall and the sternal notch was measured. After the pelvis was stabilized by the evaluator, the individual was asked to do trunk extension. The distance between the sternal notch and the wall was re-measured, subtracting the initial value from this value, and the amount of movement was recorded in centimeters. | Change from Baseline Trunk Hyperextension Flexibility Assesment at 2 months | 
| Trunk Lateral Flexion Flexibility Assesment | The test was performed standing with the arms by the body and the feet parallel to each other and the back against the wall. First, the place of the distal end of the middle finger of the right hand on the thigh was marked. Then, the subject was asked to lateral flex the trunk without taking his back away from the wall, while sliding his hand down on the thigh. At the last point reached, the place of the distal tip of the middle finger on the thigh was marked and the distance from the initial measurement point was measured. The same operations were repeated for the left side. | Change from Baseline Trunk Lateral Flexion Flexibility Assesment at 2 months |