Chiropractic Prone Distraction for Lower Back Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Back pain is a major cause of disability in the United States. The lifetime prevalence of low back pain is estimated at 60-90%. Back pain has conservatively been estimated to involve total direct and indirect costs of over $25 billion annually in lost wages, treatment, and related issues. These losses clearly extend to the active duty population cared for by military health care facilities. Chiropractic medicine is characterized by the use of a number of physical manipulations and mobilization techniques, which can be used singly or in combination to treat a variety of medical conditions. Although basic clinical practice guidelines for Chiropractic have been developed, few studies have rigorously compared techniques and their outcomes for specific conditions. Fewer still have sought to correlate treatment modality with both anatomical effect and clinical outcome. Throughout the military, Chiropractic care is available only to active duty personnel and only at a limited number of medical treatment facilities. At National Naval Medical Center, it is a well-established treatment option, where the full array of techniques is employed, primarily for painful conditions, and most often for back pain. This study seeks to clarify the mechanisms of action and efficacy of one specific treatment option, prone distraction, for the relief of subacute sciatica due to radiographically confirmed herniated disc, and to compare it to side-posture manipulation and standard medical management. Prone lumbar distraction utilizes a specialized table with motorized continual motion distraction. This table has multiple mechanical articulations that can be used to place patients in a wide variety of positions. Patients being treated with continuous motion distraction are placed prone with the table positioned for maximum comfort and centralization of symptoms. Side posture manipulation is a widely practiced, standard chiropractic technique, which has been shown to provide considerable clinical improvement for patients with sciatica. Low- grade oscillatory stresses are performed within the physiological range of normal joint motion. The hip, pelvis and lumbar spine are rotated forward with manual pressure while a counter rotation of the chest and thoracic spine is applied.

Official Title
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A Pilot Study of Chiropractic Prone Distraction for Subacute Back Pain With Sciatica

Conditions
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Herniated Disc, Lower Back Pain, Sciatica

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Prone Distraction
* Procedure: Side-Posture Manipulation
* Procedure: Side-Posture Manipulation & Prone Distraction
* Procedure: Usual Care (Control Group)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Active Duty military personnel Aged 18-45 (age is limited to 45 years due to the natural aging and degeneration of the discs; the less hydration the disc maintain, the less likely manipulation will be successful). Have subacute low back pain (more than three months duration but less than six months duration), with radicular component (sciatica) rated at a minimum level of 4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of the Brief Pain Inventory Have a confirmed herniated disc, as noted on MRI, which correlates with the clinical findings (sciatica) In this study, a herniated disc refers to any localized displacement of disc material, including nucleus, cartilage, fragmented apophyseal bone, or fragmented anular tissue, which results in back and leg pain. Herniated Disc also will include disc extrusions and disc bulges (protrusions) only when with associated annular tears. In this study, sciatica refers to pain in the lower extremity/ies that follows the course of the sciatic nerve Exclusion Criteria: Patients who are not able to give informed consent. Pregnant or nursing women Patients who have a primary bone disease, cancer, infection, spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Patients who have had prior spine surgery, including rhizotomy Participation in another conflicting research study Patients who cannot commit to a trial lasting up to eight weeks or cannot come for bi-weekly treatments Patients who are going through a course of physical therapy or chiropractic treatment or at the time of planned enrollment or are being currently being managed and/or treated for any pain condition Patients who have an unstable medical or psychiatric condition Patients who are planning or have been advised to have spine surgery Any contraindications to either prone distraction or side posture manipulation will disqualify potential subjects from any participation in this study Patients with a pacemaker.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Procedure: Prone Distraction|nan|
|Procedure: Side-Posture Manipulation|nan|
|Procedure: Side-Posture Manipulation & Prone Distraction|nan|
|Procedure: Usual Care (Control Group)|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in overall leg pain intensity, as assessed by the change, if any, of leg pain documented on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) from baseline to 8 weeks |  |  | 
| Time to pain relief, defined as NRS less than 4 after 2 consecutive visits |  |  | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in overall back pain intensity, as assessed by the change, if any, of back pain documented on the BPI from baseline to 8 weeks |  |  | 
| Change in overall pain intensity, as assessed by the change, if any, of the sum of back and leg pain documented on the BPI at measured intervals |  |  | 
| Change in overall pain intensity, as assessed by the change, if any, of the sum of back and leg pain documented on the BPI from baseline to 8 weeks |  |  | 
| Patient satisfaction with treatment, as assessed by The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire |  |  | 
| Medication use, as assessed by the Medication Log |  |  | 
| Functional disability, as assessed by The Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire |  |  | 
| Lost/decreased workdays |  |  | 
| Change, if any, in percent of disc herniation, as determined by the study neuroradiologist |  |  | 
| Descriptive changes in disc morphology, as assessed by the study neuroradiologist |  |  | 
| Variability of treatment, as assessed by the number or prescriptions written, the number of visits to the Primary Care Clinic, as well as the number of referrals to additional treatments outside of the chiropractic clinic |  |  |