Detecting Errors In Using Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) Among Asthma And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and Dry Powdered Inhaler (DPI) are the two most common devices used to deliver medicine in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is well-known that most patients do not use correct technique when using a metered dose inhaler. This leads to poor control of their disease. This study is being done so the investigators can record the patient using the metered dose inhaler before and after a short teaching session. This information will be fed into an invitro system (device) to allow the researchers to study the effect of error on drug delivery. The device being used is the Rice R3 electronic flowmeter.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and Dry Powdered Inhaler (DPI) are the two most common platforms to deliver medicine for patients suffering from Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and are used for dispensing both controller and rescue medications. Despite well-known methods to manage Asthma and COPD, nearly 70-90% of the patients do not display correct technique in using an inhaler. Poor management and control of the disease due to inadequate inhaler usage has resulted in rising rates of hospitalizations, making chronic respiratory diseases among the top five causes of death worldwide. Through this study we aim to record the technique of MDI usage among Asthma and COPD patient and understand the errors in their technique. The various parameters of inhaler usage where patients can make an error are 1. Tidal volume, 2. inspiration flow rate, 3. Inspiration flow volume, 4. Timing of actuation of inhaler and 5. Breath-holding. The parameters will be recorded by the Cognita R3 electronic flowmeter for each patient and the errors in each MDI usage will be noted. Using ex-vivo modelling, the patient's MDI technique recorded will be used to study the impact of errors in technique on efficiency of MDI drug delivery.

Official Title
-----------------
Detecting Errors In Using Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) Among Asthma And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Conditions
-----------------
Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Education on Use of MDI


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Patients with a physician diagnosis of asthma or COPD taking inhaled medications using MDI Age >18 years Able to read and sign consent document Exclusion Criteria: Patients having acute exacerbation Patients who are unable to take medication from an MDI

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: MDI use Evaluation<br>All subjects took 2 or more puffs of the placebo metered dose inhaler (MDI), attaching the Cognita electronic flowmeter to show measurements during the MDI use. The inhaler technique is also evaluated by study staff prior to an education demonstration. | Other: Education on Use of MDI<br>* After the subject demonstrated the use of MDI with the electronic flowmeter in place, the intervention was provided- a short verbal education to demonstrate the correct use of MDI.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inhaler Use Correctness | This is an observational study, the aim is to record a variety of MDI usage techniques performed by patients. The technique is scored out of 7 for the following 7 steps: Shaking (0 = not shaken, 1 = shaken) Coordination (0 = MDI actuated before inhalation start, 1 = MDI actuated after inhalation start) Flow rate (0 = mean inspiratory flow rate <30L/min or greater than 60L/min, 1 = mean inspiratory flow rate between 30-60L/min) Duration of inhalation (0 = duration of inhalation <3 sec, 1 = duration of inhalation >=3sec) Orientation of inhaler (0 = inhaler not upright = > 30° from the vertical position, 1 = inhaler upright = within 30° from the vertical position) Number of exhalation (0 = exhalation during inhaler use, 1 = no exhalations) Single Actuation (0 = less than 0 or more than 1 inhaler actuation, 1 = exactly 1 inhaler actuation) The total score is a minimum of 0 correct steps if all the steps are incorrect to a maximum of 7 correct steps. | Single event- Outcome measured per inhaler puff, during the single clinic visit. |