Lacto-fermented Sauerkraut in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of the present study is to assess the efficacy of traditionally fermented sauerkraut in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that affects around 11% of the population globally. Several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS, including psychological stress, gastrointestinal motility, and diet . More recently, it has become clear that the gastrointestinal microbiota may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of this functional GI condition. Several studies have shown that an altered gut microbiota profile is present in at least some subgroups of IBS patients. This may, in part, explain why a proportion of IBS patients have elevated levels of inflammatory mediators in systemic circulation. Gut microbiome manipulation, for example through the use of probiotic and prebiotic supplements, has shown some promise in the treatment of IBS. However, the research in this area is still in its infancy, and it remains unclear what type of intervention that is the preferred choice in cases of IBS. Several studies have investigated how the use of probiotic supplements containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli affect the clinical outcome of patients with IBS. However, to date, no studies have assessed whether fermented vegetables, a natural source of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, are useful in the treatment of IBS.

Official Title
-----------------
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Investigate the Efficacy of Traditionally Fermented Sauerkraut in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Conditions
-----------------
Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Raw sauerkraut
* Other: Pasteurized sauerkraut


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Rome III criteria (Criteria fulfilled for the last 6 months with symptom onset at least 3 months prior to diagnosis): Recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least 3 days/month in the last 3 months associated with two or more of the following: Improvement with defecation Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool Onset associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool Exclusion Criteria: Psychiatric disorder Metabolic disease Chronic infection Organic gastrointestinal disorder Pregnancy Breastfeeding

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Raw sauerkraut<br>75 grams of raw, traditionally produced, lacto-fermented sauerkraut, each day for 6 weeks. | Other: Raw sauerkraut<br>* Sauerkraut fermentations have been shown to contain a broad range of microorganisms, including Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc argentinum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Lactobacillus coryniformis. Some of these bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, are classified as probiotics.<br>|
| Other: Pasteurized sauerkraut<br>75 grams of pasteurized sauerkraut, each day for 6 weeks. | Other: Pasteurized sauerkraut<br>* Sauerkraut without live bacteria.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS). |  | Change from day 0 to day 42 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body weight |  | Change from day 0 to day 42 | 
| Fecal microbiome diversity | 16S rRNA gene sequences (prokaryotes) | Change from day 0 to day 42 | 
| The Quality of Life Scale (QOLS) |  | Change from day 0 to day 42 | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Irritable bowel syndrome, The human microbiome, Microbiota, Gut microbiota, Probiotics, Sauerkraut