REAL Parenting Alcohol and Substance Use App

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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High school students' alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana use are major public health problems. Among the many consequences of these risky behaviors are impaired driving and impaired passenger fatalities as well as increased health risks. Both school administrators and parents have requested parent-based interventions (PBIs)for the general high school population that include content on alcohol, nicotine and marijuana use. In addition, digital materials are needed for the on-the-go parent. The proposed research will address this omission, curb the alarming trends noted above, and move the field forward by conducting a randomized controlled trial testing a modified, digital version of the Parent Handbook for the all high school students that includes additional content for parents to have broader discussions about combined alcohol nicotine and marijuana use alone (referred to as REAL Parenting). Parent-teen dyads will be invited to participate and complete baseline assessment and parents will receive the REAL Parenting or active control materials shortly afterwards. This will allow an examination of the impact of the RP on alcohol use, and associated consequences and sustained effects across the follow-up period.

Detailed Description
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The goal of this Phase II SBIR is to provide an efficient, engaging, and effective means to enhance parents' ability to reduce prevalence of alcohol use and consequences, and other substance use through the development and evaluation of REAL Parenting (RP). RP is a brief, interactive, self-paced, and digital curriculum for parents of high-school-aged adolescents, a frequently neglected population created from the evidence-based Parent Handbook,available in hard copy and DVD for college-bound youth only. The curriculum is needed because most parent-based prevention interventions target children or young adolescents, neglecting older adolescents, despite that fact that alcohol use increases in frequency and risk through midadolescence. Also, unlike other evidence-based parenting curricula, RP is brief, requires only the parents, does not require training, and can be used on the go through any digital device. This provides a market niche for the proposed project that addresses this curriculum gap through the innovative use of both technology and prevention science. This format will allow us to personalize or target parents based on their communication style and allows parents to customize their experience by choosing or clicking through the optional content. Personalization and customization are two essential engagement strategies for digital prevention interventions.

Official Title
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Feasibility of a Mobile Parent-based Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Use by High School Seniors

Conditions
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Underage Drinking, Alcohol Use, Underage

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: REAL Parenting
* Other: Active Control Materials


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: High school students (ages 15-18) who may be at risk for alcohol, marijuana and nicotine use and abuse, and whose parent/guardian is willing to participate in the proposed study as part of a parent/student dyad. High school students ages 15-18 with their parents/guardians; English fluency; Internet access; at least one parent/guardian fluent in English and with Internet access Exclusion Criteria: Not high school aged (not ages 15-18) Parent/guardian was not willing to participate Does not have English fluency; Does not have access to Internet access

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: REAL Parenting<br>REAL Parenting digital intervention emphasizing parent-teen/young adult communication on drinking/risks of drinking/risks of alcohol abuse, with the addition of a communication component on the risks of nicotine and marijuana use, with the goal of reducing alcohol, nicotine and marijuana use in college students. | Behavioral: REAL Parenting<br>* REAL Parenting digital intervention emphasizing parent-teen/young adult communication on drinking/risks of drinking/risks of alcohol abuse, with the addition of a communication component on the risks of nicotine and marijuana use, with the goal of reducing alcohol, nicotine and marijuana use in college students.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Active Control Materials<br>NIAAA materials on underage drinking for parents | Other: Active Control Materials<br>* NIAAA materials on underage drinking for parents<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Alcohol Use | A standard drink definition will be provided: a standard drink consists of 12 oz. beer or wine cooler, 8.5 oz. of malt liquor, 4 oz. of wine, 3.5 oz. fortified wine, or 1.5 oz. of hard liquor. Typical weekly drinking: participants will respond to the Daily Drinking Questionnaire(DDQ; Collins et al., 1985) to indicate number of drinks consumed on each day of a typical week within the past six months. Participants will report maximum number of drinks consumed on an occasion within the past month and number of hours spent drinking on that occasion using the Quantity/Frequency/Peak questionnaire (QFP; Dimeff et al., 1999; Marlatt et al., 1998). Drunkenness will be assessed by asking how many times in the past month participants have gotten drunk, or very high from alcohol using a 6-point scale: (0) never to (5) 9 or more. Heavy episodic drinking will be measured for females and males separately, asking for number of times they?ve had 4/5, respectively, drinks in a row within two hours. | Project years 1-2 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Marijuana Use | Frequency of use will be assessed by asking how often participants used marijuana during the past six months using a 7-point scale ranging from (0) never to (6) 40 or more times. | Project years 1-2 | 
| Combined Use | Frequency of combined use will be assessed for participants indicating marijuana and nicotine use with a single item: During times you used marijuana, how often did you also drink alcohol? using a 6-point scale ranging from (0) never to (5) 40 or more times. For participants that indicate their peak drinking occasion a follow up question will assess whether marijuana or nicotine was also used(yes or no). | Project years 1-2 | 
| Consequences of Alcohol Use | Alcohol-related consequences (e.g., said or done embarrassing things, blackout) from the past six months will be measured using the established Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ; Read, Kahler, Strong, & Colder, 2006). Response options will again be measured on the same a 7-point scale as Combined Use. | Project years 1-2 | 
| Nicotine Use | Frequency of use will be assessed by asking how often participants used nicotine products (tobacco, vaping, snuff) during the past six months using a 7-point scale ranging from (0) never to (6) 40 or more times. | Project years 1-2 |