Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in US Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) that will evaluat the association between intake of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), juice and artificially sweetened beverages in relation to biomarkers of hepatic function, lipid metabolism, inflammation and glycemic control.

Detailed Description
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The investigators will analyze cross-sectional data from 8,492 participants in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease to evaluate the association between intake of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), juice and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) and biomarkers of hepatic function, lipid metabolism, inflammation and glycemic control. Biomarkers were measured from blood samples that were collected in 2 cycles, approximately 10 years apart. Specifically, multivariate linear regression will be used to assess the associations of SSB, ASB, and fruit juice intake with concentrations of fetuin-A, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), adiponectin, insulin, and hemoglobin A1c as well as total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio.

Official Title
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Association Between Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in US Women

Conditions
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Biomarkers

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: For the current study, we included participants who provided a blood sample and were previously selected as controls for nested case-control analyses of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, colon cancer, colon polyps, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer in the Nurse's Health Study. Exclusion Criteria: Participants with self-reported prevalent diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) at blood draw were excluded. After exclusions, a total of 8,492 individuals (6,961 from cycle 1 and 1,531 from cycle 2) with valid beverage intake data were included in the current analysis.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| NHS<br>Least-squares mean (95% CI) concentrations of biomarkers by frequency of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among participants free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the NHS. Least-squares mean (95% CI) concentrations of biomarkers by frequency of artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) intake among participants free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the NHS. Least-squares mean (95% CI) concentrations of biomarkers by frequency of fruit juice intake among participants free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the NHS. | Other: Sugar sweetened beverage (SSB)<br>* This is an observational study examining sugar sweetened beverage intake in relation to biomarkers in the NHS.<br>* Other names: Artificially sweetened beverage (ASB), juice;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fetuin-A | Biomarkers of liver function | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Fetuin-A | Biomarkers of liver function | Blood collection cyle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Alanine transaminase | Biomarkers of liver function | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Alanine transaminase | Biomarkers of liver function | Blood collection cyle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase | Biomarkers of liver function | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase | Biomarkers of liver function | Blood collection cyle 2 (2000-2001) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Triglycerides | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Triglycerides | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Total cholesterol | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Total cholesterol | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio | Biomarkers of lipid metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | Biomarkers of inflammation | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | Biomarkers of inflammation | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) | Biomarkers of inflammation | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) | Biomarkers of inflammation | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) | Biomarkers of inflammation | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) | Biomarkers of inflammation | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Insulin | Biomarkers of glucose metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Insulin | Biomarkers of glucose metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 
| Hemoglobin A1c | Biomarkers of glucose metabolism | Blood collection cycle 1 (1989-1990) | 
| Hemoglobin A1c | Biomarkers of glucose metabolism | Blood collection cycle 2 (2000-2001) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Sugar sweetened beverage, biomarker