Resistance Training in the Fasted State

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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It is well evidenced in the literature that fasting aerobic exercise generates a series of metabolic differences when compared to exercise performed in the fed state, including the use of fats predominantly as an energy source. Consequently, increases in adaptations to aerobic training, related to health and physical performance, are observed when sessions are performed in the fasted state. In relation to resistance training, the evidence is limited. There is a lack of data in the literature regarding the effects of fasting on resistance exercises and whether this practice may reflect in losses or improvements in morphological and neuromuscular adaptations related to resistance training. Thus, the aim of the present project is to compare the effects of resistance training performed in the fasted state compared to the fed state during 12 weeks on body composition and physical performance in young adults. Thirty-four eutrophic or overweight individuals, not engaged in regular resistance exercises, aged between 20 and 40 years, will be recruited. They will be put on a standard customized diet and will perform 2 weekly sessions of resistance exercise after overnight fasting (10 to 12 hours) or in the fed state, for 12 weeks. Before, in the middle and after this period, evaluations of body composition, muscle thickness and quality, maximum dynamic strength and maximum power will be analyzed. Comparisons will be performed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), adopting the factors group (2 stratifications) and time (3 stratifications). All results will be expressed as mean and standard deviation and the accepted significance level will be 5%.

Official Title
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Effects of Resistance Training Performed in the Fasted State Compared to the Fed State on Morphological and Neuromuscular Adaptations in Young Adults

Conditions
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Fasting, Exercise, Resistance Training

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance training in the fasted state
* Other: Resistance training in the fed state


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men and women; Aged between 19 and 40 years; Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 29.9 kg/m²; Not engaged in regular strength physical exercise (>1 weekly session) for the last 3 months. Exclusion Criteria: Smokers; Use of medications and/or supplements that may influence the outcomes evaluated; Individuals who have a chronic disease that may prevent physical exercise.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Resistance training in the fasted state<br>Subjects will maintain the standard diet and will perform resistance exercise sessions after overnight fasting (10 to 12 hours). Over the 12 weeks of intervention, participants will perform two sessions a week of resistance exercises. | Other: Resistance training in the fasted state<br>* On the first day of evaluations, the subjects will perform the basal metabolic rate (BMR) analysis, as well as familiarization with the neuromuscular tests. After the preliminary tests, the volunteers will perform the pre-intervention procedures. Assessments of body composition, muscle thickness and quality, maximum dynamic strength and maximum power will be performed. In addition, instruments related to dietary control and physical activity level will be applied. Subsequently, in a randomized manner, participants will be allocated to one of two different interventions. During the intervention (8 weeks), the adherence to the standard diet will be verified, as well as body composition, muscle thickness and quality, maximum dynamic strength and maximum power will be reassessed. After the 12 weeks of intervention, the volunteers will perform the evaluations referring to the post-intervention moment, following the same steps of the pre-intervention collections.<br>* Other names: Strength training;|
| Active Comparator: Resistance training in the fed state<br>Subjects will maintain the standard diet and will perform resistance exercise sessions in the fed state, between 1 and 2 hours after consuming a carbohydrate-containing meal. Over the 12 weeks of intervention, participants will perform two sessions a week of resistance exercises. | Other: Resistance training in the fed state<br>* On the first day of evaluations, the subjects will perform the basal metabolic rate (BMR) analysis, as well as familiarization with the neuromuscular tests. After the preliminary tests, the volunteers will perform the pre-intervention procedures. Assessments of body composition, muscle thickness and quality, maximum dynamic strength and maximum power will be performed. In addition, instruments related to dietary control and physical activity level will be applied. Subsequently, in a randomized manner, participants will be allocated to one of two different interventions. During the intervention (8 weeks), the adherence to the standard diet will be verified, as well as body composition, muscle thickness and quality, maximum dynamic strength and maximum power will be reassessed. After the 12 weeks of intervention, the volunteers will perform the evaluations referring to the post-intervention moment, following the same steps of the pre-intervention collections.<br>* Other names: Strength training;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body mass | Body mass will be measured using a scale (Urano, Canoas, Brazil). | 1 minute | 
| Lean body mass | Lean body mass will be determined using the dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) method, using a densitometry machine (Hologic GE, Bedford, USA). | 15 minutes | 
| Fat body mass | Fat body mass will be determined using the dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) method, using a densitometry machine (Hologic GE, Bedford, USA). | 15 minutes | 
| Muscle thickness | Muscle thickness will be evaluated through ultrasound (Nemio XG, Toshiba, Japan). | 30 minutes | 
| Muscle quality | Muscle quality will be evaluated through echo intensity of the quadriceps through ultrasound (Nemio XG, Toshiba, Japan). | 30 minutes | 
| Maximum dynamic strength | Maximum dynamic strength will be assessed using the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test for bench press and knee extension exercises. | 30 minutes | 
| Maximum power | The maximum power and the medium power will be evaluated in the bench press and knee extension exercises considering a load of 30 and 70% of 1RM. | 30 minutes |