Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of waterpipe smoking on periodontal health, which will be done using a well constructed validated questionnaire. Then a full periodontal examination and x-ray evaluation will be done for all of the participants.

Detailed Description
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The primary outcome of the study is to assess the effect of waterpipe smoking on periodontal health, it will be assessed by questions about smoking habits, including smoking mode as well as duration (heads smoked per day) and extent of use (age of initiation and number of sessions per week) of waterpipe smoking. A full periodontal examination using UNC-15 periodontal probe will be done for all of the participants measuring the CAL, Probing Depth (PD), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival recession depth (GD). In subjects where attachment loss will be clinically detected, radiographic examination will be performed by digital periapical radiograph to detect the amount of bone loss, then staging will be done according to the new classification by the aid of radiographic examination.

Official Title
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The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health Among a Sample of Adult Egyptian Patients. A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

Conditions
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Waterpipe Smoking, Periodontal Diseases

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients whose age is between 18-60 years old. Patient consulting in the outpatient clinic. Provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals with chronic systemic diseases such as diabetes, endocrine and hematological Pathologies. Patients having problem in opening their mouth or undergoing intermaxillary fixation where oral examination will not be possible. Pregnant women. Patients diagnosed with psychiatric problems or intoxicated with alcohol or drugs. Patients with orthodontic appliances.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| periodontal health condition in waterpipe smokers. | will be assessed from questions about smoking habits, including smoking mode as well as duration and extent of use of waterpipe smoking and measuring the CAL for staging the periodontal condition according to the new classification by the aid of radiographic examination. | through study completion, an average of 1 year. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Impact of sociodemographic factors on periodontal health | Questions regarding sociodemographic information such as educational level, income and marital status will be analyzed. | through study completion, an average of 1 year. | 
| Impact of oral hygiene behaviour on periodontal health. | Questions regarding oral health behaviors such as toothbrushing frequency, use of auxiliary aids, dental visits and toothbrushing method will be analyzed too. | through study completion, an average of 1 year. |