Effects of Pilates Stretching on Flexibility, Strength, Power and Muscular Endurance

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Introduction: The practice of stretching is commonly used in the preparation of activities and/or physical exercises that require some component of flexibility, strength, endurance and muscle power. This explains the high growth in recent decades of studies investigating the effect of stretching, mainly static and dynamic, when performed immediately before activities that aim to develop these physical capacities. Despite the growing interest of scholars on this topic, the long-term impact of dynamic stretching on flexibility, strength performance, endurance and muscle power is still not fully understood. In addition, a type of dynamic stretching little explored in the literature needs investigation: the stretches used during Pilates exercise sessions. The effects of these stretching exercises on a physical conditioning program based on Pilates exercises in the young adult population are not yet known. Objective: To verify through a randomized clinical trial the effects of stretching in a conditioning program based on Pilates exercises on flexibility, strength, endurance and muscle power. Methods: In this study, 32 young adults of both sexes will be randomized into two groups: 1) Traditional Pilates; 2) Pilates Without Stretching. The Traditional Pilates group will perform a protocol of stretching exercises followed by muscle strengthening. The Pilates Without Stretching group will perform an exercise protocol consisting only of muscle strengthening exercises. Muscle strength results will be evaluated by 1 repetition max by elastic resistance; trunk muscle strength/endurance by the 1-minute abdominal test and the Sorensen test, respectively; vertical jump performance by the sargent jump test; handgrip strength by the handheld dynamometer and flexibility by the sit-and-reach test. These physical capacities will be assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Interventions will be performed three times a week for 8 weeks. The analysis will be performed with intent-to-treat analysis and adjusted covariance for baseline outcomes.

Official Title
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Effects of Stretching in a Conditioning Program Based on Pilates Exercises on Flexibility, Strength, Power and Muscular Endurance

Conditions
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Young Adults, Performance, Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Traditional Pilates
* Other: Pilates without stretching


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: women between 18 and 45 years of age normoweights (Body mass index between 21 to 25 kg/m2) not be participating in physical exercise programs for at least six months be healthy, according to the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire not report any medical restrictions for physical exercise no history of injury, trauma or illness within the last six months not having undergone previous surgery in the last six months not have musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory and neurological disorders that prevent the performance of assessment and intervention protocols not be under the action of medications that cause muscle relaxation or that can inhibit muscle tonic action not use food supplements or anabolic steroids not being on a calorie-restricted diet Exclusion Criteria: start practicing another type of physical exercise during the study period not being able to perform the pre-intervention assessment or the intervention exercise protocol emergence of lesions that do not allow the continuity of interventions withdraw from participating in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized and controlled clinical trial
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Traditional Pilates<br>5 stretching exercises will be performed, followed by 15 strengthening exercises (5 for core, 5 for lower limbs and 5 for upper limbs), all in a series of 10 repetitions, 3x-week, for 8 weeks, maintaining an effort level 7-8 on the Omni-Scale. Below are the exercises and equipment used. 1) Stretching the Chain Posterior (Reformer); 2) Front Splits Modified (Reformer); 3) Stomach Massage (Reformer); 4) Stretches Front (Barrel); 5) Back Stretches: Quadriceps Stretch (Barrel); 6) Bridge (Mat with Magic Circle); 7) The Hundred (Mat with Swiss ball); 8) Teaser (Mini Barrel); 9) Swan (Mini Barrel); 10) Swimming (Mini Barrel); 11) Footwork Double Leg Pumps (Chair); 12) Pump One Leg Front (Chair); 13) Forward Lunge (Chair); 14) Wall Side (Wall with Swiss ball and dumbbells); 15) Tower (Cadillac); 16) Arms Pulling Up (Cadillac); 17) Rowing Front: Hug a Tree (Cadillac); 18) Arm Pulling Down (Wall Unit); 19) Horizontal Arm Pulling (Wall Unit); 20) Extension Arm Up (Wall Unit). | Other: Traditional Pilates<br>* This group will perform a traditional Pilates session, which consists of stretching exercises, followed by exercises to strengthen the core (trunk flexors and extensors), lower limbs and upper limbs. The total duration of the intervention in this group should be approximately 50 minutes.<br>|
| Experimental: Pilates without stretching<br>15 strengthening exercises will be performed (the same performed by the TP group), all in a series of 10 repetitions, 3x-week, for 8 weeks, maintaining an effort level 7-8 on the Omni-Scale. Below are the exercises and equipment used. 1) Bridge (Mat with Magic Circle); 2) The Hundred (Mat with Swiss ball); 3) Teaser (Mini Barrel); 4) Swan (Mini Barrel); 5) Swimming (Mini Barrel); 6) Footwork Double Leg Pumps (Chair); 7) Pump One Leg Front (Chair); 8) Forward Lunge (Chair); 9) Wall Side (Wall with Swiss ball and dumbbells); 10) Tower (Cadillac); 11) Arms Pulling Up (Cadillac); 12) Rowing Front: Hug a Tree (Cadillac); 13) Arm Pulling Down (Wall Unit); 14) Horizontal Arm Pulling (Wall Unit); 15) Extension Arm Up (Wall Unit). | Other: Pilates without stretching<br>* This group will conduct a non-traditional Pilates session. This is because stretching exercises will be excluded. The muscle strengthening exercises will be the same as in the TP group, so that it is possible to discuss the influence of the inclusion/exclusion of stretching for the considered outcomes. The total duration of the intervention in this group should be approximately 35 minutes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in muscle strength of knee extensors | Assessment of muscle strength with elastic resistance | Pre (baseline) and post-intervention assessment (after 8-weeks) | 
| Change in strength/endurance by 1-minute sit-up test | Assessment of abdominal muscle strength/endurance in 1-minute | Pre (baseline) and post-intervention assessment (after 8-weeks) | 
| Change in muscle strength by handgrip test using hand dynamometer | Assessment of handgrip muscle strength | Pre (baseline) and post-intervention assessment (after 8-weeks) | 
| Change in the muscular resistance of the trunk extensors by the Sorensen test | Assessment of the muscular resistance of the trunk extensors (Sorensen) | Pre (baseline) and post-intervention assessment (after 8-weeks) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lower limb muscle power | Assessment of lower limb muscle power by vertical jump | Pre (baseline) and post-intervention assessment (after 8-weeks) | 
| Flexibility | Flexibility assessment by the sit-and-reach test | Pre (baseline) and post-intervention assessment (after 8-weeks) |