Smoking Cessation Intervention in Public Housing

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The major aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of a bundled, multi-level intervention (Sister to Sister) on smoking cessation outcomes in female smokers residing in public housing neighborhoods. Hypothesis 1.1: As compared to the control group, women receiving the Sister to Sister Intervention will have higher 7-day point prevalence quit rates at 6- and 12-months as validated by salivary cotinine. Hypothesis 1.2: As compared to the control group, women receiving the Sister to Sister Intervention will have higher 6- and 12-month prolonged smoking abstinence as validated by salivary cotinine.

Detailed Description
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This was a cluster randomized controlled study evaluating the effect of a multi-level intervention, Sister to Sister, on the smoking cessation in two Southeastern US metropolitan areas. Fourteen subsidized housing neighborhoods, eight in Charleston, SC and six in Augusta, GA, were pair matched based on size; with one neighborhood in each pair randomized to the intervention to ensure balanced recruitment between groups. Neighborhoods ranged in size from 22 to 33 participants with a total sample size of 409 women; neighborhoods were chosen as the primary sampling unit to prevent contamination of the outcome within neighborhoods, with women in the neighborhoods as secondary sampling unit. All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) with statistical significance at an alpha level of 0.05. Comparison between groups at baseline used t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. The primary outcome of interest was smoking status which was dichotomized (smoker/non-smoker) at the 6 and 12 month measurements. Smoking status was determined by cotinine levels in saliva with non-smokers defined as those with cotinine levels of 14 ng/mL or less.

Official Title
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Social Ecological Based Smoking Cessation Intervention in Public Housing Neighborhoods

Conditions
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Cigarette Smoking

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Experimental
* Behavioral: Control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18 yrs of age and older, female, resident of public housing, daily smoker Exclusion Criteria: pregnant, breastfeeding, no intentions to quit smoking

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Delayed Control<br>Women in the delayed control condition received culturally sensitive smoking cessation written materials at week 1, and mailed materials at week 6, 12, and 18. At the end of the study (i.e., after the 12 month data collection), participants were offered counseling, nicotine patches, and community health worker contacts. | Behavioral: Control<br>* Written Cessation Materials<br>|
| Experimental: Experimental<br>Women in neighborhoods randomized to the S2S received 24-week bundled multi-level intervention. Individual-led strategies were led by paid community health workers (CHWs). The CHWs provided 1:1 contact to reinforce social support, and enhanced self-efficacy with cessation attempts. A certified smoking cessation counselor led behavioral group sessions using the S2S handbook based on the PHS Guidelines. The weekly group sessions were initiated during the 1st week of the intervention, with a total of 6 group sessions over a 6-week period. Transdermal nicotine patches were offered to participants who set a quit date. Within the 24-week study period, the neighborhood tenant association, in partnership with study staff, implemented at least two neighborhood level anti-smoking activities | Behavioral: Experimental<br>* Neighborhood level interventions, peer group (counseling, NRT), and individual level (Coach/CHW)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants Abstinent From Smoking | Reported abstinence validated by exhaled CO and saliva cotinine | 12 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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randomized cluster design, tobacco cessation, smoking cessation, African American