Effect of PNF on Selective Motor Control and Balance in CP

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cerebral palsy is attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing infant brain or fetal characterized by abnormalities of muscle tone, movement and motor skills. PNF technique is thought to have an impact on voluntary motor control and balance through stimulation of proprioceptors, so the aim of this study is to determine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on selective motor control and balance on children with cerebral palsy.

Detailed Description
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A case study was conducted in 2021 to determine the effects of PNF training for improving lower limb coordination in 7 years old cerebral palsy child. After the intervention, significant improvement is seen in gait parameters, balance, and gross motor functional classification score. A case report was conducted in 2020, to determine the effectiveness of PNF technique in improving lower extremity function in spastic diplegic cerebral palsied adolescent. Patient was treated with tone inhibitory and movement facilitatory techniques. There was significant change in balance and lower extremity function before and after the treatment. There are multiple impairments in spastic cerebral palsy children; the inability to perform purposeful voluntary movements is a critical factor in determining functional ability of children. Since selective voluntary motor control is an important factor that must be achieved in cerebral palsy children, PNF may be considered as a technique to gain selective voluntary control and balance proving an important intervention for cerebral palsy children.

Official Title
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Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Selective Motor Control of Lower Extremity and Balance in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Conditions
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CP (Cerebral Palsy)

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques.
* Other: Traditional physical therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children diagnosed as spastic diplegic cerebral palsy Age between 5-12 years and both genders. Gross motor function level II and III according to gross motor functional classification scale (GMFCS). Spasticity range between 1 and 1+ grade according to modified ashworth scale Children who are able to follow simple verbal instructions Exclusion Criteria: Children with uncontrolled epilepsy Children who show no cooperation Children receiving botulinum toxin injections or surgery no earlier than 6 months before project starts. Subjects with presence of shortening or deformities of lower limb

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques<br>Experimental group will receive proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching which include hold-relax and contract-relax for 6 sec hold, 10 repetitions and 2 min rest in between, for 5 day/week for 4 weeks along with conventional physical therapy. | Other: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques.<br>* Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching which include hold-relax and contract-relax for 6 sec hold, 10 repetitions and 2 min rest in between, for 5 day/week for 4 weeks along with conventional treatment for 40 minutes.<br>|
| Active Comparator: traditional physical therapy<br>this group will receive conventional therapy (ROMs, stretching, strengthening). | Other: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques.<br>* Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching which include hold-relax and contract-relax for 6 sec hold, 10 repetitions and 2 min rest in between, for 5 day/week for 4 weeks along with conventional treatment for 40 minutes.<br>Other: Traditional physical therapy<br>* Conventional therapy (ROMs, stretching, strengthening) of lower limbs for 40 minutes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pediatric Berg Balance Scale | The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a modification of Berg's Balance Scale, was developed as a balance measure for school-age children with mild to moderate motor impairments. It has 14 items with score 0-4. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) is 0.998 (18). | last one week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Selective control assessment of lower extremity (SCALE) | The SCALE tool was designed for clinical administration and scoring by healthcare professionals, to be used in less than 15 minutes without specialized equipment. Hip, knee, ankle, subtalar, and toe joints are assessed bilaterally. One representative reciprocal movement that varies from the mass flexor/extensor patterns is chosen to assess SVMC for each joint. Total score is 10 for each limb. Intra-class correlation coefficient ranges from 0.88 to 0.91 (19). | last one week | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Proprioceptive neuromuscular techniques, Selective voluntary motor control, Balance