IL-1 Receptor Inhibitor for Granulomatous Complications in Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Kineret (INN: Anakinra) neutralizes the biological activity of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by the concurrent inhibition of binding to interleukin-1 receptor I (IL-1RI). Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the main pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates many cellular responses. Anakinra inhibits the reactions caused by IL-1 in vitro, including the induction of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and / or the formation of collagenase by synovial cells, fibroblasts and chondrocytes. According to published data, patients with the chronic granulomatous disease have an increased secretion of interleukin-1, which contributes to the development of granulomatous inflammation. Blocking interleukin-1 reduces the activity of the main pro-inflammatory complex - the inflammasomes, and also restores the autophagy process impaired in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. In this way, inhibition of the IL-1 receptor prevents the activation of innate immunity cells and prevents the maintenance of pathological pro-inflammatory signaling in conditions of IL-1 overproduction. The efficacy and safety of therapy with the above drug is based on the results of international studies on the using of anakinra in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The research will include a group of patients with a molecular-genetic confirmed diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease, which has granulomatous complications on the basis of an initial comprehensive survey. This examination will include clinical data; laboratory tests - clinical and biochemical analysis of blood (with an assessment of inflammatory activity); molecular-genetic methods for detecting mutations in the genes CYBB, CYBA, NCF2, NCF1 or NCF4; methods for studying the functional activity of neutrophils (chemiluminescence of neutrophils, test with rhodamine); methods for assessing pro-inflammatory interleukins; microbiological testing of bronchoalveolar lavage; histological studу of lung biopsies; as well as the results of visualization techniques (ultrasound investigation of the abdominal organs, CT scan of the chest and abdominal organs). Negative galactomannan and lack of microorganism growth in bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lack of response to complex antibacterial and antifungal therapy for two to three weeks confirm the presence of granulomatous complications in patients. The next step is therapy with an inhibitor of IL-1 receptor (Anakinra). Evaluation of the efficacy and safety therapy is based on the results of control examinations after 3-6 months from the start of treatment and includes an assessment of the level of C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the results of CT scan of the chest and abdominal organs.

Official Title
-----------------
A Retrospective Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Interleukin-1 Receptor Inhibitor for the Treatment of Granulomatous Complications in Patients With Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Conditions
-----------------
Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: Kineret


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Granulomatous changes in the lungs or liver according to CT scan. Negative galactomannan and lack of microorganism growth in bronchoalveolar lavage and/or lack of response to complex antibacterial and antifungal therapy for two to three weeks. Signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Patients, who do not meet the inclusion criteria. The reluctance of the patient or his legal representatives to participate in the research.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: intervention/treatment<br>Anakinra (Kineret) | Drug: Kineret<br>* Kineret at a dose of 8 mg/kg per day subcutaneously daily, every day at the same time<br>* Other names: IL-1 receptor inhibitor;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| overall survival | Assessment of overall survival in patients with chronic granulomatous disease during therapy with an inhibitor of IL-1 receptor | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 3 month- event-free survival | Assessment of event-free survival in patients with chronic granulomatous disease after treatment of granulomatous complications with an inhibitor of the IL-1 receptor (Anakinra). | 3 months | 
| 6 month-event-free survival | Assessment of event-free survival in patients with chronic granulomatous disease after treatment of granulomatous complications with an inhibitor of the IL-1 receptor (Anakinra). | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Anakinra, Kineret