Nabilone for Cannabis Dependence: A Pilot Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cannabis use disorders are an important public health problem in the United States, but there are no effective medications available to treat these disorders. The investigators intend to test a medication with interesting properties, nabilone, as a treatment for cannabis dependence and to study the relationship of this treatment with the brain using functional MRI brain scans. Nabilone and marijuana have similar effects upon behaviors and the human body, suggesting that nabilone may decrease cannabis withdrawal symptoms while allowing treatment-seeking patients to benefit from behavioral treatments when they are trying to stop using cannabis. The investigators propose to assess the relationship of nabilone, when added to behavioral treatment, on cannabis use patterns in cannabis-dependent patients. The investigators also aim to determine the effects of nabilone on performance on neuropsychological tests and to assess the correlation of neuropsychological performance to brain changes using functional MRI brain scans. The investigators hypothesize that patients receiving nabilone will reduce their use of cannabis more than patients receiving placebo during this 10-week treatment trial.

Detailed Description
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Cannabis use disorders are an important public health problem in the United States, but no effective pharmacotherapies are available to treat these disorders. The investigators intend to test a novel agonist pharmacotherapy, nabilone, for cannabis dependence and to study the relationship of this treatment with the brain using BOLD fMRI measures. The behavioral and physiological effects of nabilone and Δ9-THC overlap, suggesting that nabilone may ameliorate cannabis withdrawal symptoms while allowing treatment-seeking outpatients to benefit from medical management (MM) sessions when they are trying to stop using cannabis. The investigators propose to assess the relationship of nabilone, when added to MM, on cannabis use patterns in cannabis-dependent patients. The investigators also aim to determine the effects of nabilone on performance on neuropsychological tests and to assess the correlation of neuropsychological performance to brain changes using BOLD fMRI measures. In this pilot study, subjects will receive either nabilone or placebo in addition to medical management (MM) over a 10-week treatment period. Subjects' responses to neuropsychological testing carried out while the subject is receiving fMRI scans at 3 time points: at baseline, 4 weeks, and 10 weeks. Following treatment completion, subjects will have a follow-up visit at 14 weeks. This pilot study will evaluate the feasibility of nabilone treatment for cannabis dependence and will establish effect sizes for a larger trial in which subjects will receive high-dose nabilone, low-dose nabilone, or placebo in addition to MM.

Official Title
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Nabilone for Cannabis Dependence: A Pilot Study

Conditions
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Cannabis Dependence, Marijuana Dependence

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Nabilone
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age range 18-45 years DSM-IV diagnosis of cannabis dependence, based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) express a desire to quit cannabis use within the next 30 days have used cannabis on more than4 days within the past 30 days for women of childbearing age, a negative pregnancy test at screening with agreement to use adequate contraception to prevent pregnancy and monthly pregnancy tests consent for us to communicate with their prescribing clinician furnish the names of 2 locators, who would assist study staff in locating them during the study period live close enough to McLean Hospital to attend study visits plan to stay in the Boston area for the next 3 months are willing and able to sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: current diagnosis of other drug or alcohol dependence (excluding nicotine) recent (within 3 months) significant cardiac disease current serious psychiatric illness or history of psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar type I disorder current medical condition (including significant laboratory abnormalities, such as liver function tests >5 times the upper limit of normal range) that could prevent regular study attendance mental retardation or organic mental disorder acutely dangerous or suicidal behavior currently in a residential treatment setting in which substance use is monitored and restricted, since the restricted access to drugs could represent an important confounding variable pregnant, nursing, or, if a woman of childbearing potential, not using a form of birth control judged by the investigator to be effective concomitant daily treatment with opioid analgesics, sedative hypnotics, or other known CNS depressants known hypersensitivity to cannabinoids or sesame oil disease of the gastrointestinal system, liver, or kidneys that may impede metabolism or excretion of nabilone inability to read or write in English. The potential hazards of a Schedule II medication like nabilone underscore the importance of English proficiency in this medication trial. unwilling or unable to participate in MRI scanning (e.g., those having pacemakers, bone plates, screws, etc.; claustrophobia) a history of seizures, head trauma or other history of CNS insult that could predispose the subject to seizures .

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Nabilone<br>nabilone titrated to 2 mg daily | Drug: Nabilone<br>* nabilone titrated to 1 mg by mouth twice daily<br>* Other names: Nabilone (Cesamet), CSA Drug Code 7379, Schedule II, NDC 0037-1221-50;|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Placebo | Drug: Placebo<br>* one placebo capsule by mouth twice daily<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change From Baseline in Cannabis Use at 10 Weeks | Quantitative cannabis urine screens (THC-COOH:Creatinine ratio) | baseline and 10 weeks | 
| Number of Marijuana Inhales Per Day | Average # of marijuana inhales per day during baseline compared to after 10 weeks of treatment. | Week 10 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change From Baseline Neuropsychological Performance at 4 Weeks | performance on neuropsychological tests administered inside of the fMRI scanner and outside of the fMRI scanner | baseline and 4 weeks | 
| Change From Baseline Cannabis Use at 14 Weeks | quantitative urine screens - Comparing the THC-COOH to creatinine ratio at baseline and at the end of the study (Week 14) | baseline and 14 weeks | 
| Change From Baseline in Neuropsychological Performance at 10 Weeks | performance on neuropsychological tests administered inside of the fMRI scanner and outside of the fMRI scanner | baseline and 10 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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cannabis dependence, marijuana dependence, cannabis use disorders, cannabis withdrawal, nabilone