Amino Acid Bioavilability of Fava Beans

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of the project is to determine the ileal amino acid digestibility of Favabean in healthy subjects equipped with naso-ileal tube. For this purpose, Favabean will be intrinsically labelled with 15N using 15N fertilizer. This procedure will be realized in Finland and the labelled material will be sent to the Unit PNCA.

Detailed Description
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The objective is to determine the nutritional quality of protein from favabean in healthy humans, especially in terms of amino acid digestibility. Ileal digestibility is determined in ileal digesta collected postprandially with a naso-ileal tube. The favabeans are intrinsically labelled in 15N in order to track dietary nitrogen and amino acids in the samples. Ethical and regulatory aspects: The protocole was submitted to the Ethical Committee for approval and to the French Agency of Drugs and Health for administrative authorization. The personal data management will be in accordance with the regulation on personal data protection (  regulation n° 2018-493 du 20 juin 2018). Meal: The meal will consist in 250 g of cooked and peeled favabean, to provide 20 g protein. Sensory tests will be realized to optimize the organoleptic properties of the meal. 15N labelled bean will be boiled in water with salt. On the morning of the experiment, the portion of fava bean will be warmed up. Volunteers: Eight subjects will be included in the study. The investigators plan to recruit around 16 volunteers to accommodate for the usual 50% dropouts. One week before the experiment, the volunteers will follow a standard diet adapted to their body weight to control their protein intake (1.3 g protein/kg body weight). They will be ask to consume one to 3 portions of favabean in the week. The volunteers will arrive at the Human Nutrition Research Centre of Avicenne Hospital on the morning before the day of the experiment. They will be equipped with a double lumen intestinal tube that will be allowed to progress through the intestinal tract for 24h. One of the lumen is radio opaque and serves to perfuse a non-absorbable maker in the intestine (slow marker method). The other lumen is dedicated to the continuous aspiration of the effluents, 15 cm below the perfusion site. The measurement of the non-absorbable marker in the effluents allows the determination of the effluent flow rate. On the day of the experiment, the position of the tube will be checked by radiography to verify its location at the terminal ileum. A catheter will be inserted in the forearm vein for blood sampling. The perfusion of the non-absorbable marker, PEG-4000 (20g/l), will start at a flow rate of 1ml/min. The intestinal flow and the basal ileal sample will be collected during 30 min. Basal plasma sample will be sampled. Then, at t=0, the volunteers will drink the test-meal. Until t=8h, intestinal content will be continuously collected by aspiration and pooled every 30 minutes. Blood will be sampled every 30 minutes during 4h and hourly thereafter. The urine will be collected every 2 h for 8 h. Subjects will collect stools samples at home during the 48 h after the meal. Stools will be sent to Finland. Measurements: In the digesta: PEG-4000 by turbidimetric method, total N and 15N enrichment by EA-IRMS, amino acid concentrations by UPLC (after acid hydrolysis HCl 6N at 110°C for 24h), 15N amino acid enrichment by GC-c-IRMS (after purification on cation exchange resin and derivatization). In the plasma: Glucose, urea (colorimetric methods), insulin (ELISA), amino acid concentrations (UPLC), 15N enrichment in plasma protein, urea and free amino acids (EA-IRMS, after purification on cation exchange resin and derivatization). In the urine: Urea (colorimetric method) and 15N urea (EA-IRMS, after purification on cation exchange resin and derivatization). In the stools: Micriobial DNA. Outcomes: Real ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids (digestive losses), Postprandial deamination (metabolic losses), Net Postprandial Protein Utilization, Microbiota composition.

Official Title
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Fava Bean Protein and Amino Acid Bioavailability in Healthy Volunteers

Conditions
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Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Test meal with 15N labeled favabean


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18<BMI<30 Good health (WHO=0) For woman: use of birth control Exclusion Criteria: allergy against legumes allergy against latex pregnant women Positive serology for AgHBS, AcHbc, HCV, HIV Positive PCR test for SARS-Cov2 Anemia Excessive alcohool consumption Hypertension, diabetes, digestive, hepatic or renal diseases, cardiac disease Exercice>7h/week Blood donation within 3 months before the study Participation to another clinical study within 3 months before the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Fava bean<br>The intervention consists in a test meal containing 250 g of cooked and peeled favabean, to provide 20 g protein. Fava bean are intrinsically labelled with 15N. | Dietary Supplement: Test meal with 15N labeled favabean<br>* Ingestion of a 15N labeled test meal. Subjects are equipped with a nasoileal tube. 15N is followed in biological fluids (plasma, effluents, urines).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids | The measurement of nitrogen (mmol) and 15N enrichment (atom %) in ileal samples allow to determine the amount of dietary nitrogen in the lumen. The measurement of amino acid concentration (mmol) and their individual 15N enrichment (atom %) allow the determination of dietary amino acids remaining in the lumen. Dietary amino acids and dietary nitrogen that are recovered in the ileal samples are then considered as non absorbed. | -30 minutes to 8 hours after the test meal | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Net Postprandial Protein Utilization (NPPU) | The measurement of urea (mmol) and 15N enrichment of urea (atom %) allow to determine the amount of dietary N that was transferred to urea, thus accounting for metabolic losses. Metabolic losses of dietary N, together with digestive losses of dietary N, are not retained in the body. | 0 to 8 hours after the test meal | 
| gut microbiota in response to the ingestion of 15N fava bean | Microbial DNA sequencing | 0 to 2 days after the test meal | 
| Nitrogen metabolites in blood in response to the ingestion of 15N fava bean | urea and amino acids (mmol/l) | 0 to 8 hours after the test meal | 
| Plasma glucose in blood in response to the ingestion of 15N fava bean | plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 0 to 8 hours after the test meal | 
| Plasma insulin in blood in response to the ingestion of 15N fava bean | plasma insulin (pmol/l) | 0 to 8 hours after the test meal | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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legumes, digestibility, healthy humans, nasoileal tubes, stable isotopes