Chewing in Children With Repaired Esophageal Atresia-tracheoesophageal Fistula

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators aim to evaluate chewing function in children with repaired esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF). Patients with repaired EA-TEF will be evaluated for age, sex, type of atresia. Each child will be required to bite and chew a standardized biscuit. Chewing function will be scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS). The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) will be used to determine the tolerated food texture of children.

Detailed Description
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The diet of children with normal feeding skills includes a combination of liquid, semisolid and/or solid foods. Chewing dysfunction (CD) in children may cause restrictions in solid food intake, thereby may result in insufficient food intake and delay in growth. It is aim to evaluate chewing function in children with repaired esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF). Patients with repaired EA-TEF will be evaluated for age, sex, type of atresia. Each child will be required to bite and chew a standardized biscuit. Chewing function will be scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS). The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) will be used to determine the tolerated food texture of children.

Official Title
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Chewing Function in Children With Repaired Esophageal Atresia-tracheoesophageal Fistula

Conditions
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Chewing Problem

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Chewing evaluation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children with repaired esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula, without airway aspiration, intact airway closure Exclusion Criteria: Children without repaired esophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula, with airway aspiration, insufficient airway closure

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 24 Months
Maximum Age: 192 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Children with chewing dysfunction<br>Descriptive characteristics including age, height, weight, transition time to additional food, meal time, number of meals, initial teething time, and number of teeth, were noted. The presence of open mouth, open bite, high palate, gag reflex, and oral hygiene were scored as absent or present as an observational oral motor assessment. Chewing evaluation was performed and scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS). The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) was used to determine the tolerated food texture of children. | Other: Chewing evaluation<br>* Each child was required to bite and chew a standardized biscuit while chewing video recording. Chewing function was scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS).<br>|
| Children without chewing dysfunction<br>Descriptive characteristics including age, height, weight, transition time to additional food, meal time, number of meals, initial teething time, and number of teeth, were noted. The presence of open mouth, open bite, high palate, gag reflex, and oral hygiene were scored as absent or present as an observational oral motor assessment. Chewing evaluation was performed and scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS). The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) was used to determine the tolerated food texture of children. | Other: Chewing evaluation<br>* Each child was required to bite and chew a standardized biscuit while chewing video recording. Chewing function was scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chewing function will be scored with the Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) | Chewing function will be evaluated | 10 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Observational oral motor assessment will be performed | The presence of open mouth posture, open bite, tongue thrust, high palate will be noted as ''absent'' or ''present''. The body position, hyper/hyposensitivity, jaw, lips/cheeks and tongue movements of the children will be assessed . | 15 minutes |