Pre-workout Supplement Versus Caffeine on Energy Expenditure.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement versus an ergogenic dose of caffeine (6 mg/kg) on energy expenditure during low-intensity exercise. The effects of these substances on substrate utilization, gas exchange, and psychological factors were also investigated. Twelve males (mean ± SD: age = 22.8 ± 2.4 years) completed three bouts of 60-min of treadmill exercise at 4.8-6.4 km/hr on separate days after consuming a pre-workout supplement, 6 mg/kg of caffeine, or placebo in a randomized fashion. The pre-workout and caffeine supplements resulted in significantly greater energy expenditure (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively), VO2 (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively), VCO2 (p = 0.006, p = 0.049, respectively), and VE (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively), but not rates of fat or carbohydrate oxidation or respiratory exchange ratio compared to placebo (collapsed across condition). In addition, the pre-workout supplement increased feelings of alertness (p = 0.015) and focus (p = 0.005) 30-minutes post-ingestion and decreased feelings of fatigue (p = 0.014) during exercise compared to placebo (collapsed across condition). Thus, the pre-workout supplement increased energy expenditure and measures of gas exchange to the same extent as 6 mg/kg of caffeine with concomitant increased feelings of alertness and focus and decreased feelings of fatigue.

Official Title
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Effects of a Multi-ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Versus Caffeine on Energy Expenditure and Feelings of Fatigue During Low-intensity Treadmill Exercise in College-aged Males.

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: ENGN Shred
* Dietary Supplement: Nutricost caffeine powder
* Dietary Supplement: Crystal Light


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male Exclusion Criteria: history of medical or surgical events, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic, renal, hepatic, or musculoskeletal disorders; use of any medications use of nutritional supplements habitual use of caffeine (≥1 caffeinated beverage per day) participation in another clinical trial or investigation of another investigational product within 30 days prior to screening/enrollment.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 29 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Pre-Workout Condition<br>This condition consisted of the ingestion of one serving of the pre-workout supplement. | Dietary Supplement: ENGN Shred<br>* ENGN Shred is a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement.<br>|
| Experimental: Caffeine Condition<br>This condition consisted of the ingestion of 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass. | Dietary Supplement: Nutricost caffeine powder<br>* Caffeine powder.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo condition<br>This condition consisted of the ingestion of a placebo. | Dietary Supplement: Crystal Light<br>* Non-caloric Crystal Light matched for the pre-workout in terms of flavor and consistency.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy expenditure | Measurement of caloric expenditure via gas exchange | Measured continuously during 60 minutes of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oxygen consumption | Measurement of rate of oxygen consumption using a metabolic cart | Measured continuously during 60 minutes of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Carbon dioxide production | Measurement of rate of carbon dioxide production using a metabolic cart | Measured continuously during 60 minutes of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Minute ventilation | Measurement of ventilation rate using a metabolic cart | Measured continuously during 60 minutes of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Feelings of fatigue | Subjects were asked to rate their feelings of fatigue using a 5-point Likert scale | Baseline, 30-minutes post-ingestion of supplement, and at the 30-minute time point of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Feelings of energy | Subjects were asked to rate their feelings of energy using a 5-point Likert scale | Baseline, 30-minutes post-ingestion of supplement, and at the 30-minute time point of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Feelings of focus | Subjects were asked to rate their feelings of focus using a 5-point Likert scale | Baseline, 30-minutes post-ingestion of supplement, and at the 30-minute time point of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Feelings of alertness | Subjects were asked to rate their feelings of focus using a 5-point Likert scale | Baseline, 30-minutes post-ingestion of supplement, and at the 30-minute time point of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Rate of fat oxidation | Fat oxidation was estimated thru measurements of gas exchange | Measured continuously during 60 minutes of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 
| Rate of carbohydrate oxidation | Carbohydrate oxidation was estimated thru measurements of gas exchange | Measured continuously during 60 minutes of exercise for all three supplement conditions | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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supplementation, ergogenic aid, metabolic rate, energy, substrate utilization