An Assessment of SAFE (Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement) in Cochise County

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a Cochise County experiment with innovative probation supervision practices. Subjects are assigned to one of three supervision conditions.

Detailed Description
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Historically, rates of failure on routine probation have been high. The result is that large numbers of probationers are ultimately revoked from probation and sentenced to long underlying jail or prison terms. Arizona is experimenting with alternatives to routine probation with the goal of reducing the overall burden of incarceration. Cochise County in Arizona is experimenting with innovative probation supervision practices. Subjects are assigned to one of three supervision conditions: Probation-as-usual (routine supervision with no deferred jail); discretionary deferred jail in response to probation violations; and Arizona's Swift, Accountable, Fair, Enforcement, or SAFE (SAFE involves non-discretionary deferred jail in response to probation violations).

Official Title
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An Assessment of Arizona's SAFE (Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement) Program in Cochise County

Conditions
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Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Probation as usual
* Behavioral: Deferred Jail
* Behavioral: Arizona's SAFE


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Supervised on probation in Cochise County Residing in Cochise County Exclusion Criteria: First-time marijuana possession cases
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Probation as usual<br>Routine supervision with no deferred jail condition. | Behavioral: Probation as usual<br>* Routine probation with do deferred jail condition.<br>* Other names: PAU;|
| Experimental: Deferred jail<br>Discretionary deferred jail in response to violations of probation conditions. | Behavioral: Deferred Jail<br>* Discretionary deferred jail in response to violations of probation conditions.<br>* Other names: DIS;|
| Experimental: Arizona's SAFE<br>Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement (SAFE) which uses non-discretionary brief jail sanctions for probation violations. | Behavioral: Arizona's SAFE<br>* Swift Accountable Fair Enforcement (SAFE) uses non-discretionary brief jail sanctions for probation violations.<br>* Other names: HOPE;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Revocation rate | Percentage of subjects in each condition who are revoked from probation and returned to jail or prison. | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| % positive drug tests | Percentage of random and scheduled drug tests that test positive for illicit drugs | 12 months | 
| Days incarcerated | Total number of days incarcerated in jail and prison | 12 months | 
| % Missed appointments | Percentage of probation appointments that are missed | 12 months | 
| New arrests | Number of new arrests | 12 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Behavior, Drug users, Criminal Justice, Probation