Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Perioperative Outcomes in Smoker Patients With Lung Cancer

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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It is reported that smoker patients (>400 cigarette/year) will suffer more postoperative complications than non-smoker patients after lobectomy. Evidences has suggested pulmonary rehabilitation could reduce the pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery. However, the effect and long-term results of pulmonary rehabilitation on smoker patients have not been studied. The purpose of this study is to determine whether pulmonary rehabilitation is effective to smoker patients who underwent lobectomy.

Detailed Description
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In China, the smoker population is about 300 hundred million. Tobacco has become one of the world's public health problem. 30 percent of global surgery patients have smoking history. It is reported that smoker patients (>400 cigarette/year) will suffer more postoperative complications than non-smoker patients after lobectomy (38.2% vs 12.5%). Smoking is an independent risk factor of postoperative complications of cardiothoracic surgery. Evidences showed that smoking had a negative effect on airway management which plays an important role in postoperative recovery for thoracic surgery. Therefore, we hypothesise that intervention-related study to find a way to reduce postoperative complications for smoker patients is significantly meaningful in improving the overall outcome after pulmonary surgery as 80 percent of patients with lung cancer are smoker in China. Recently, a series of strategies on airway management have been proposed by clinical doctors. As one of the important parts of airway management, pulmonary rehabilitation has been demonstrated by evidence-base medicine to reduce the pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery and increase the breathing capacity. According to the reported literatures, the effect and long-term results of pulmonary rehabilitation on smoker patients have not been studied, so we designed this randomized controlled trial to determine whether pulmonary rehabilitation would be effective to smoker patients who underwent lobectomy which was associated with significant loss of lung function. According to the reported papers in China, main observation index in experimental group was about 25.7, and in control group was about 10%. At the level of α=0.05 (Bilateral), power of test (1-β)=0.80, ratio=1:1. The estimated minimum required sample size of each group was 93 cases, the statistical loss rate was set as 10%. The overall sample size of this study was about 200 cases.

Official Title
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Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Airway Management on Short-term and Long-term Perioperative Results of Lobectomy in Smoker Patients With Lung Cancer

Conditions
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Pulmonary Neoplasm

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: pulmonary rehabilitation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: signed consent smoker, ≥400/cigarette year surgical approach: open or Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) lobectomy Exclusion Criteria: Serious physical diseases in patients during hospitalization, such as severe heart and lung diseases (CLASS III-IV) (FEV1/FVC <0.7and FEV1 <50% predicted value), kidney disease (ESRD change need to continue dialysis), or liver diseases (cirrhosis of the liver accompanied by ascites) unable to obey interventional instructions/treatments because of any reasons stage IV lung cancer emergency surgery lung cancer with preoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: regular care<br>[Control group] preoperative treatment: smoking cession, aerosol inhalation for expectorant and antiasthmatic, anti-infection therapy if necessary and regular rehabilitation-propaganda; postoperative treatment: regular postoperative treatment (anti-infection, pain control, oxygen Inhalation aerosol inhalation for expectorant and antiasthmatic), patting back (3 times/day, 15min/time) and early ambulation unless serious patients. | |
| Experimental: pulmonary rehabilitation<br>[Study group] preoperative treatment: smoking cession, aerosol inhalation for expectorant and antiasthmatic, anti-infection therapy if necessary, regular rehabilitation-propaganda and interventional pulmonary rehabilitation (preoperative part); postoperative treatment: regular postoperative treatment (anti-infection, pain control, oxygen Inhalation aerosol inhalation for expectorant and antiasthmatic), patting back (3 times/day, 15min/time), early ambulation unless serious patients and interventional pulmonary rehabilitation (postoperative part). | Other: pulmonary rehabilitation<br>* pulmonary rehabilitation (preoperative part): lower extremity endurance training (using bike ergometer for 3 days, 2 times/day, 15-20min/time) or stair climbing training (3 days, 2 times/day, 30min/time), keep dyspnea index (Borg) score between 5 to 7 points. And inspiratory muscle training (using threshold inspiratory muscle trainer for 3 days, 5 times/day, 2 sessions/time, every session includes 10-20 cycle respirations). pulmonary rehabilitation (postoperative part): inspiratory muscle training (using threshold inspiratory muscle trainer until hospital discharge, 3-5 times/day, 1 session/time, every session includes 10-20 cycle respirations).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| postoperative pulmonary complications |  | postoperative in-hospital stay up to 30 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| length of stay (LOS) |  | postoperative in-hospital stay up to 90 days | 
| therapeutic time of antibiotics |  | Postoperative in-hospital stay up to 30 days | 
| arterial blood gas analysis |  | before treatment, 3 days after treatment, 1 day after surgery, 3 days after surgery | 
| vital signs |  | before treatment, 3 days after treatment, 1 day after surgery, 3 days after surgery | 
| pain score of expectoration | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Pain Score | 1 day and 3 days after surgery | 
| amount of expectoration drainage |  | postoperative in-hospital stay up to 30 days | 
| peak expiratory flow |  | before treatment, 3 days after treatment, 1 day after surgery, 3 days after surgery | 
| lung function test |  | before treatment, 3 days after surgery, 3 months after surgery, 6 months after surgery | 
| total hospitalization expenditures |  | postoperative in-hospital stay up to 30 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pulmonary rehabilitation, lobectomy, smoker