Decreased Tongue Strength is Related to Skeletal Muscle Mass in COPD Subjects

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: Dysphagia is frequently observed in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). But tongue strength has not been investigated yet in COPD subjects. The investigators hypothesized that tongue strength is weaker in COPD subjects compared to normal subjects. Methods: This was a single-centre, observational, and cross-sectional study. Twenty-seven subjects with COPD and twenty-four age-matched control subjects were enrolled in this study. Isometric tongue strength was measured using a device fitted with a disposable oral balloon probe. The investigators also evaluated handgrip strength, gait speed, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) to define participants as having sarcopenia. ASM, fat free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Gait speed was measured using the 6-meter walking test. The eating assessment test-10 (EAT-10) was used to diagnose dysphagia.

Official Title
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Decreased Tongue Strength is Related to Skeletal Muscle Mass in COPD Subjects

Conditions
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of stable COPD. Age-matched control subjects who did not have any pulmonary disease. Exclusion Criteria: Participants with metallic implants. History of stroke disease. History of neuromuscular disease. Participants who did not have their front teeth.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| stable COPD subjects<br> | Diagnostic Test: balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device<br>* The probe was inflated at a baseline pressure of 19.6 kilopascal (kPa). To measure MTP, the balloon was positioned on the anterior palate with the lips closed. Subjects raised their tongue and compressed the balloon onto the palate with maximal voluntary muscular effort for approximately 7s. The measurement was taken three times with a 1-min interval. The maximum value was recorded as the MTP.<br>* Other names: Bioelectrical impedance analysis;|
| age-matched control subjects subjects who did not have any pulmonary disease<br> | Diagnostic Test: balloon-based tongue pressure measurement device<br>* The probe was inflated at a baseline pressure of 19.6 kilopascal (kPa). To measure MTP, the balloon was positioned on the anterior palate with the lips closed. Subjects raised their tongue and compressed the balloon onto the palate with maximal voluntary muscular effort for approximately 7s. The measurement was taken three times with a 1-min interval. The maximum value was recorded as the MTP.<br>* Other names: Bioelectrical impedance analysis;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| maximum tongue pressure | To measure maximum tongue pressure (MTP), the balloon was positioned on the anterior palate with the lips closed. Subjects raised their tongue and compressed the balloon onto the palate with maximal voluntary muscular effort for approximately 7s. The measurement was taken three times with a 1-min interval. The maximum value was recorded as the MTP. | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| handgrip strength | Handgrip strength was measured three times for the right hand using a grip strength dynamometer and mean values were used. | 1 day | 
| fat free mass index (FFMI) | FFMI (kg/m^2) was calculated by fat free mass／height^2(m^2). | 1 day | 
| skeletal muscle mass (SMI) | SMI (kg/m^2) was calculated by skeletal muscle mass ／height^2(m^2). | 1 day | 
| fat free mass | Fat free mass was measured using the medical body composition analyzer. It is designed for measurements in the supine position, using four pairs of electrodes (eight electrodes in total), positioned on each hand and foot21. Supine measurements were taken after lying down for 10 minutes. Alcohol was prohibited for 24h prior to the impedance measurements. | 1 day | 
| skeletal muscle mass | Skeletal muscle mass was measured using the medical body composition analyzer. It is designed for measurements in the supine position, using four pairs of electrodes (eight electrodes in total), positioned on each hand and foot21. Supine measurements were taken after lying down for 10 minutes. Alcohol was prohibited for 24h prior to the impedance measurements. | 1 day | 
| height |  | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dysphagia