The Change in Temporal Muscle Thickness in Stroke Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and functional outcomes with temporal muscle mass change.

Detailed Description
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It is well known that stroke increases the risk of developing sarcopenia . In addition, prestroke sarcopenia is associated with worse functional outcomes in patients with stroke. Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has recently been proposed as a new marker of whole-body muscle mass and function. Measurement of temporal muscle mass by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been studied in the literature in recent years. All stroke patients undergo cranial CT or MRI examinations at the time of admission. By evaluating the temporal muscle mass of these patients with these examinations, information about pre-stroke muscle mass and sarcopenia can be obtained. Ultrasonography (USG), on the other hand, may be a more accessible, less expensive, and safer option for assessing muscle mass in the follow-up of stroke patients. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and functional outcomes with temporal muscle mass change by MRI/CT at admission and by USG in the chronic period.

Official Title
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The Change in Temporal Muscle Thickness and Its Relationship With Sarcopenia and Functional Outcomes in Stroke Patients.

Conditions
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Stroke, Sarcopenia

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of stroke Presence of cranial MRI/CT in hospital records Exclusion Criteria: Medically unstable condition (presence or high risk of impaired consciousness, respiration, or circulation). Severe cognitive impairment Patients who require intensive care unit.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional Ambulation Scale | This scale consists of six levels of function, ranging from 0 ( non-ambulatory ) to 5 (independently ambulatory). | Baseline | 
| Functional Ambulation Scale | This scale consists of six levels of function, ranging from 0 ( non-ambulatory ) to 5 (independently ambulatory). | 6. month | 
| The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) | FIM is a scale that assesses 18 activities, including self-care, sphincter control, transfer, movement, communication, and social awareness. Total scores range from 18 to 126 (dependent in all domains - independent in all domains). | Baseline | 
| The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) | FIM is a scale that assesses 18 activities, including self-care, sphincter control, transfer, movement, communication, and social awareness. Total scores range from 18 to 126 (dependent in all domains - independent in all domains). | 6.month | 
| Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) | It categorizes poststroke disability into six levels ranging from 0 to 5, with absence of symptoms rated as 0 and severe disability or bedriddenness rated as 5. An mRS score of 2 or less was defined as a good outcome, and an mRS score above 2 was defined as a poor outcome. | Baseline | 
| Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) | It categorizes poststroke disability into six levels ranging from 0 to 5, with absence of symptoms rated as 0 and severe disability or bedriddenness rated as 5. An mRS score of 2 or less was defined as a good outcome, and an mRS score above 2 was defined as a poor outcome. | 6. month | 
| Handgrip strength | With the JAMAR Hand Dynamometer, 3 measurements will be taken for both hands 60 seconds apart in the standard position and the highest reading will be recorded. | Baseline | 
| Handgrip strength | With the JAMAR Hand Dynamometer, 3 measurements will be taken for both hands 60 seconds apart in the standard position and the highest reading will be recorded. | 6. month | 
| Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) | DEXA can be used to determine lean body mass and total body fat. The appendicular skeletal mass index will be used in the evaluation of sarcopenia and in other analyzes. | Baseline | 
| Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) | DEXA can be used to determine lean body mass and total body fat. The appendicular skeletal mass index will be used in the evaluation of sarcopenia and in other analyzes. | 6.month | 
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) | Body water mass, total body fat, and muscle mass can be determined with BIA.The appendicular skeletal mass index will be used in the evaluation of sarcopenia and in other analyzes. | Baseline | 
| Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) | Body water mass, total body fat, and muscle mass can be determined with BIA.The appendicular skeletal mass index will be used in the evaluation of sarcopenia and in other analyzes. | 6.month | 
| Functional Oral Intake Scale | The scale is rated with values between 1 and 7. Level 1-3 refers to tube-dependent feeding, level 4-6 to full oral feeding with restrictions, and level 7 to oral feeding without restrictions. | Baseline | 
| Functional Oral Intake Scale | The scale is rated with values between 1 and 7. Level 1-3 refers to tube-dependent feeding, level 4-6 to full oral feeding with restrictions, and level 7 to oral feeding without restrictions. | 6. month |