COVID-19 Infections and Mortality in Long-term Care Facilities During the First Wave

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The medical charts of all COVID-19 cases (n=1200) from 17 long-term care facilities in Montreal, Canada will be reviewed, to compare patients who survived to patients who did not survive. Through multilevel logistic regression, the risk of death will be estimated for institutional predictors of mortality, while controlling for individual risk factors. Individual covariates include clinical features (age, sex, Charlston comorbidity index, SMAF autonomy score, severity criteria) and medical treatments (IV fluids, anticoagulation, oxygen, regular opiates, corticosteroids). Aggregate covariates include epidemiological data (attack rates, timing of outbreak) and institutional characteristics (number of beds, air exchange per hour, presence of a dedicated COVID-19 unit at the time of outbreak, staff compliance to infection control measures, staff infection rates, understaffing, proportion of semi-private rooms, proportion of wandering wards and other special units).

Detailed Description
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A lot has been written about individual risk factors for COVID-19 death, mostly in the hospitalized population. However, even though most deaths around the world have occurred among the frail and elderly, little is known about the risk factors specific to the long-term care population. In this retrospective cohort study, the investigators will review the medical charts of all COVID-19 cases (n=1200) from 17 long-term care facilities in Montreal, Canada, to compare patients who survived to patients who did not survive. Through multilevel logistic regression, the risk of death will be estimated for institutional predictors of mortality, while controlling for individual risk factors. The objective is to influence local and national policies in long-term care facilities, in the hopes of avoiding the tragic spring 2020 outcomes during subsequent waves of COVID-19 or future pandemics. Covariates in the models will be drawn from a review of the medical literature and known risk factors for COVID-19 death. Individual-level covariates include clinical features (age, sex, Charlston comorbidity index, SMAF autonomy score, severity criteria) as well as medical treatments (IV fluids, anticoagulation, oxygen, regular opiates, corticosteroids). Aggregate-level covariates include epidemiological data (attack rates, timing of outbreak) and institutional characteristics (number of beds, air exchange per hour, presence of a dedicated COVID-19 unit at the time of outbreak, staff compliance to infection control measures, staff infection rates, understaffing, proportion of semi-private rooms, proportion of wandering wards and other special units).

Official Title
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COVID-19 Infections and Mortality in Montreal Long-term Care Facilities During the First Wave: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Conditions
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Covid19, Death, Infection Viral, Infections, Respiratory, Infection, Coronavirus, Elderly Infection, Old Age; Dementia, Epidemic Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: COVID-19 infection


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Resident of a long-term care facility within the CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal Nosocomial COVID-19 infection diagnosis between March 23rd and July 11th 2020 Exclusion Criteria: Admission to the long-term care facility after July 11th 2020 COVID-19 infection which was not acquired within the long-term care facility
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: COVID-19 infection|Case of nosocomial infection within the long-term care facility|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Death | COVID-19 as a primary or secondary cause of death | 28 days |