The Effects of Dragon Fruit Consumption on Vascular Function.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Native to South America and South East Asia, the dragon fruit (pitaya) has become increasingly popular world-wide due to their vivid hue and bizarre structure. More importantly, their high levels of bioactive phytochemical betalains has sparked considerable scientific interest. Recent findings from in vitro and in vivo animal studies tentatively suggest that betalains may have ameliorative effects on vascular function. This will be a first randomised controlled trial aimed to explore the impact of dragon fruit consumption on blood pressure and other vascular parameters in healthy individuals. The study will feature a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled and crossover design with flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) as primary outcome along with blood pressure and arterial stiffness as secondary outcomes. Cardiovascular biomarkers as well as relevant metabolites will also be determined from blood and urine samples collected from participants.

Official Title
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A Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study of the Effects of Dragon Fruit Effects of Dragon Fruit (Pitaya) Consumption on Vascular Function in Healthy Males and Females

Conditions
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Healthy Men and Women

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Dragon fruit juice drink
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy men and women aged 18-40 years old Subjects are willing to maintain their normal eating/drinking habits and exercise habits to avoid changes in body. weight over the duration of the study. Are able to understand the nature of the study. Able to give signed written informed consent. Signed informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: Medical history of cardiovascular disease including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease. Hypertensive, as defined as SBP superior or equal to 140 mmHg. Obese participants, defined as BMI superior or equal to 30. Medical history of diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, terminal renal failure or malignancies. Abnormal heart rhythm (lower or higher than 60-100 bpm). Allergies to dragon fruit, cactus pear or other significant food allergy. Subjects under medication that can affect the cardiovascular system or on vitamin/dietary supplements. Subjects who have lost more than 10% of their weight in the past 6 months or are currently in a diet Subjects who reported participant in another study within one month before the study start. Subjects who smokes. Pregnant women or planning to become pregnant in the next 6 months. Any reason or condition that in the judgment of the clinical investigator(s) may put the subject at unacceptable risk or that may preclude the subject from understanding or complying with the study's requirements.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Dragon fruit first then placebo<br>2 weeks of dragon fruit juice intake or placebo with crossover to the other | Dietary Supplement: Dragon fruit juice drink<br>* Dragon fruit drink containing 24 g of freeze-dried dragon fruit powder dissolved in low nitrate water.<br>Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br>* Drink with macro- and micro-nutrient matched against the intervention drink.<br>|
| Experimental: Placebo first then dragon fruit<br>2 weeks of dragon fruit juice intake or placebo with crossover to the other | Dietary Supplement: Dragon fruit juice drink<br>* Dragon fruit drink containing 24 g of freeze-dried dragon fruit powder dissolved in low nitrate water.<br>Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br>* Drink with macro- and micro-nutrient matched against the intervention drink.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery | Determine changes in flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery after 2 weeks consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 2 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery | Determine changes in flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery at 2, 3, and 4 hour post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 2, 3 and 4 hour post-consumption | 
| Changes in blood pressure | Determine changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 2, 3, and 4 hour post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 2, 3 and 4 hour post-consumption | 
| Changes in blood pressure | Determine changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after 2 weeks post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 2 weeks | 
| Changes in heart rate | Determine changes in heart rate post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 2, 3 and 4 hour and 2 weeks post-consumption | 
| Changes blood flow velocity | Determine changes in blood flow velocity post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 2, 3 and 4 hour and 2 weeks post-consumption | 
| Changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV) | Determine changes in pulse wave velocity post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 3 hour and 2 weeks post-consumption. | 
| Changes augmentation Index (AIx) | Determine changes in augmentation index post consumption of 24 g freeze-dried dragon fruit. | Baseline & 3 hour and 2 weeks post-consumption. | 
| Number of volunteers with treatment-related adverse events | The number of volunteers with treatment-related adverse events will be assessed by questionnaires and interviews. | Baseline & 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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vascular function, endothelial function, betalains, dragon fruit, pitaya