Superior Trunk Block Applied for Upper Arm and Shoulder Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Nerve blocks applied with ultrasonography are currently used for many post-operative pain and operations. Providing adequate area analgesia is the primary goal of clinicians, as early mobilization is suggested after shoulder and arm surgery. In this study aimed to investigate the effect of superior trunk block application on postoperative analgesic and motor functions.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Effectiveness of Superior Trunk Block Applied for Upper Arm and Shoulder Surgery Operation Analgesia

Conditions
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Post Operative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: superior trunk block
* Drug: intravenous patient-controlled analgesia


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients who were in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III class Underwent Shoulder surgery and upper arm surgery Exclusion Criteria: Previous local anesthetic allergy, Having a bleeding diathesis disorder, Mental disorder, Allergic to the drugs used, Patients who did not consent to participate in the study, Presence of infection in the block area, Patients with a body mass index above 30

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: superior trunk block<br>Ultrasound guided superior trunk block with 10 ml % 0.25 bupivacaine + 400 mg tramadol, IV 4 mg/ mL tramadol solution into 100 mL normal saline; PCA (patient-controlled analgesia): 0.3 mg/kg bolus, 10 mg Demand dose and 20 min lock out interval, six-hour limit infusion to attain 100 mg. Maximum daily dose was set at 400 mg. | Procedure: superior trunk block<br>* Local anesthetic injection will be applied to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus accompanied by ultrasonography.<br>Drug: intravenous patient-controlled analgesia<br>* Analgesics will be given using a patient-controlled analgesia device.<br>|
| Active Comparator: tramadol<br>400 mg tramadol, IV 4 mg/ mL tramadol solution into 100 mL normal saline; PCA (patient-controlled analgesia): 0.3 mg/kg bolus, 10 mg Demand dose and 20 min lock out interval, six-hour limit infusion to attain 100 mg. Maximum daily dose was set at 400 mg. | Drug: intravenous patient-controlled analgesia<br>* Analgesics will be given using a patient-controlled analgesia device.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analog Scale | Visual Analog Scale was used for pain.Pain intensity was measured using 0-10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS). (0=no pain, 10=intolerable pain) | Postoperative 24 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| tramadol consumption amount | tramadol consumption amount with patient-controlled analgesia device | Postoperative 24 hours | 
| additional analgesic use amount | The amount of paracetamol (intravenous, 1 g) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to be administered to patients with a Visuel analog scale above 5 after the operation. | Postoperative 24 hours |