Non-invasive BCI for Cognitive Enhancement

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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People's perceptual skills can significantly affect their abilities to make optimal decisions, judgments, and actions in real-world dynamic environments. Perceptual learning refers to training and experiences to induce improvements in the ability to make sense of what people see, hear, feel, taste or smell based on ambiguous sensory information. In this study, investigators hypothesise that there exist neural signatures that robustly encode the conscious visual perception of rotations of a cursor and the magnitudes of these rotations in a novel, rotation-based perceptual learning task. Investigators also hypothesise that online, instantaneous EEG-based feedback on subjects' visual perceptions of rotations with an EEG-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) can foster perceptual learning much more effectively than behaviour perceptual training, especially in very small rotation magnitudes that represent extremely difficult perceptual tasks.

Official Title
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Non-invasive Brain Computer Interface for Cognitive Enhancement

Conditions
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Healthy Subjects, Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: EEG-based perceptual training
* Device: Behavior based perceptual training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Able-bodied volunteers: good general health normal or corrected vision no history of neurological/psychiatric disease ability to read and understand English ability to understand information and ability to give a free and informed consent Subjects with neuropsychiatric diseases Subjects with neuropsychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. normal or corrected vision ability to read and understand English ability to understand information and ability to give a free and informed consent Exclusion Criteria: short attentional spans or cognitive deficits that prevent to remain concentrated during the experimental sessions concomitant serious illnesses (e.g., metabolic disorders, cardiac arrest) factors hindering proper EEG acquisition (e.g., scalp wound, uncontrolled muscle activity)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: EEG based perceptual training<br>Subjects complete a perceptual learning task in which EEG-based visual feedback is provided | Device: EEG-based perceptual training<br>* Electroencephalography (EEG) signals will be recorded from subjects as they perform rotation-based perceptual tasks. The neural correlates of conscious perception of rotations will be processed and decoded in real-time using machine learning algorithms to provide feedback. Subjects are instructed to assume a mental state/find a strategy to maximise the accuracy of feedback. In total, each subject will complete 5 sessions of perceptual training with this intervention.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Behavior based perceptual training<br>Subjects complete a perceptual learning task in which ground truth visual feedback is provided | Device: Behavior based perceptual training<br>* Subjects complete the rotation-based perceptual tasks, and ground truth visual feedback is provided indicating whether subjects have spotted the rotations correctly. Subjects are instructed to spot as many rotation as possible to maximise the accuracy of feedback. In total, each subject will complete 5 sessions of perceptual training with this intervention.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in correct answer rate of different rotation magnitudes across 5 intervention sessions | The correct answer rate per rotation magnitude reflects the improvements in perceptual skills across the two conditions. It measures the percentage of each rotation magnitude spotted correctly. The score is 0-100, and the higher the value, the better the outcome. | Difference is measured every 24 hours, before versus after each intervention session | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in neural correlates of conscious perception across 5 intervention sessions | This outcome measures whether neural correlates of conscious perception (e.g. amplitude, peak-to-peak, band power and connectivity measures of neural correlates) change across sessions as a result of intervention. | Difference is measured every 24 hours, before versus after each intervention session |