Is There a Relationship Between Hyperlipidemia and Periodontitis?

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of present study is to investigate any relationship between hyperlipidemia and periodontal disease regarding the periodontal parameters and plasma lipid parameters, along with age, gender, brushing habit, body mass index, dietary habit, physical activity, alcohol consumption. In this cross sectional study, a total of 160 individuals were divided into two groups based on their metabolic status: hyperlipidemic group (n=97) and normolipidemic group (n=63). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) clinical parameters and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) scores were measured. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels had been determined previously during individuals routine systemic examinations. Daily brushing habits and interdental cleaning together with dietary habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity levels were also recorded.

Official Title
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Is There a Relationship Between Hyperlipidemia and Periodontitis?

Conditions
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Hyperlipidemia, Periodontal Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention was applied


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects having no periodontal treatment within previous 6 months, number of natural teeth ≥ 10, no history of cancer and systemic disease that affects lipid levels or periodontium, no history of medical treatment for hyperlipidemia, BMI< 30 kg/m2, no pregnancy, no history of systemic antibiotic treatment within previous 3 months, no smoking. Exclusion Criteria: patients with history of systemic disease that affects lipid metabolism or periodontal disease history of medical treatment for hyperlipidemia pregnancy, lactation or hormone replacement therapy at the time of study use of any other drug known to affect lipid metabolism or periodontal disease systemic infection or any history of systemic antibiotic treatment in previous 3 months smokers as well as ex-smokers

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| HP+<br>Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group and having periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. | Other: No intervention was applied<br>* No intervention was applied<br>|
| HP-<br>Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group and do not have periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. | Other: No intervention was applied<br>* No intervention was applied<br>|
| NP+<br>Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels < 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels < 130 mg/dl were included in the normolipidemic group and having periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. | Other: No intervention was applied<br>* No intervention was applied<br>|
| NP-<br>Subjects with plasma Triglyceride or Total cholesterol levels < 200 mg/dl and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels < 130 mg/dl were included in the normolipidemic group and do not have periodontitis which were further evaluated for clinical periodontal parameters as well as to define the effects of the patient's habits on plasma lipid levels. | Other: No intervention was applied<br>* No intervention was applied<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Triglyceride (TG) | Subjects with plasma TG or TC levels > 200 mg/dl and LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group, while the normolipidemic group comprised of patients with plasma TG or TC levels below the aforementioned limits | day 0 | 
| Total cholesterol (TC) | Subjects with plasma TG or TC levels > 200 mg/dl and LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group, while the normolipidemic group comprised of patients with plasma TG or TC levels below the aforementioned limits | day 0 | 
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Subjects with plasma TG or TC levels > 200 mg/dl and LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dl were included in the hyperlipidemic group, while the normolipidemic group comprised of patients with plasma TG or TC levels below the aforementioned limits | day 0 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plaque index | The measurement of the state of oral hygiene based on recording dental plaque accumulation | day 0 | 
| Gingival index | An assessment level of gingival health and inflammation | day 0 | 
| Bleeding on probing | A sign of gingival inflammation were assessed on the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal sites of each tooth | day 0 | 
| Probing depth | The distance from the gingival margin to bottom of the pocket with using 0.5 mm diameter periodontal probe at mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal, distolingual, midlingual and mesiolingual sites of each tooth | day 0 | 
| Clinical attachment level | The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and bottom of the pocket | day 0 | 
| Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs score | These scores are used to represent healthy periodontium, bleeding after probing, dental calculus detected by probing, 4-5 mm deep pockets and deep pockets ≥ 6 mm, respectively. | day 0 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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HDL cholesterol, Hyperlipidemia, LDL cholesterol, Periodontal disease, Triglyceride