Effects of Fatigue and Foot Orthoses on Lower Extremity EMG and Biomechanics for Individuals With Flat Foot

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Determine the effects of non-custom made foot orthoses on the kinematics, muscle activity and joint contact force after fatigue and compare the rate of fatigue in flexible flat foot with and without foot orthoses

Official Title
-----------------
Changes of Kinematics, Muscle Activity, Joint Contact Force of Foot Orthoses for Individual of Flat Foot After Functional Fatigue Protocol

Conditions
-----------------
Flexible Flatfoot

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Non-custom made foot orthoses


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Bilateral flexible flatfoot( navicular bone drop greater than 10 mm) Exclusion Criteria: History of foot and ankle surgery, inflammatory joint disease History of lower extremity injury in six months Known pathological or neurological disorders that could affect gait pattern

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| WIth foot orthoses<br>Device: Non-custom made foot orthoses | Device: Non-custom made foot orthoses<br>* Foot orthoses is an orthotic devices which are used to support arch and rear-foot and put it in a good alignment.<br>|
| Without foot orthoses<br>Other: without foot orthoses | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lower extremities kinetic | Three dimensional motion data were collected using a Vicon camera system during walking. Using motion capture system data to calculate the hip, knee internal/external rotation moment and ankle inversion/eversion moment via inverse dynamics method. | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 
| Peak and average amplitude during stance phase | EMG data were collected using a Delsys, and Biopac EMG system during walking. Tibialis anterior/Peroneal longus/Abductor hallucis longus muscle activity were measured by electromyography (EMG). | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 
| Lower extremities kinematic | Lower limbs alignment, including hip, knee and ankle joints. Using motion capture system data to calculate the joint angles. | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lower extremities kinematic | Three dimensional kinematics were collected using a Vicon camera system during walking. Lower limbs alignment, including hip, knee and ankle joints. Using motion capture system data to calculate the joint angles. | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 
| Peak and average amplitude during stance phase | EMG data were collected using a Delsys, and Biopac EMG system during walking. Medial gastrocnemius/Rectus femoris/Bicep femoris muscle activity were measured by EMG. | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 
| Time of completed fatigue protocols | Time of completed the course will be recorded. | 1 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 
| Inter-joint contact force | Hip, knee ,and ankle inter-joint contact force: Anybody modeling system is used to model the inter-joint contact force | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed | 
| Lower extremities kinetic | Three dimensional motion data were collected using a Vicon camera system during walking. Using motion capture system data to calculate the hip, knee flexion/extension, adduction/abduction moment and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, and adduction/abduction moment via inverse dynamics method. | 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed, after one week, 10 minutes before fatigue protocol start, 5 minutes after fatigue protocol completed |