Surgical Site Infections at a West Cameroon Hospital

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Surgical site infections (SSI) constitute an important health concern in low and middle income countries, leading to prolonged hospital stay and increased costs. Previous studies indicate that in Africa up to 1/3 of patients undergoing surgery may be affected by a postoperative infection. The development and implementation of context-specific SSI prevention guidelines is important to reduce this complication. To deploy efficient context-specific measures, data on epidemiology and microbiology of these infections are needed. This means to adapt the prevention measures to the context-specific risk factors for surgical site infections in resource-limited settings, and to give locally adapted recommendations on antimicrobial therapy based on local resistance patterns. However, data in this respect are scarce in low and middle income countries. This present study will contribute to the needed epidemiology and microbiology data on SSI in Cameroon. It will be carried out as a prospective cohort study at the Mbouo Protestant hospital in the West Region of Cameroon. The incidence, microbial spectrum and respective antimicrobial resistance of SSI as well as the risk factors of SSI will be systematically investigated. The study will include 300 patients at the Hôpital Protestant de Mbouo (HPM) who underwent surgery and gave their informed consent for inclusion, the timeframe is 04/2021 - 11/2021. An active SSI surveillance system will be put in place for 30 postoperative days to diagnose SSI. Expected outcomes: The incidence of SSI is likely to be higher than 10%. Concerning risk factors, preoperative bodywashing and perioperative antibioprophylaxis is expected to be protective against SSI. Up to 1/3 of SSI are expected to occur after hospital discharge. For the microbial spectrum, a high proportion of Staphylococcus aureus is likely to be found. For the antimicrobial resistance no estimation can be give as data is non-existent in that region from the literature.

Official Title
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Incidence, Microbial Spectrum and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections at a West Cameroon Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study

Conditions
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Surgical Wound Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Observation of surgical site infections


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patient underwent surgery at the hospital during study period Exclusion Criteria: Unconscious patients, mentally ill patients
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients without SSI<br>Patients who underwent surgery and who developed a surgical site infection (SSI) during 30 days after surgery | |
| Patients with SSI<br>Patients who underwent surgery and who didn't develop a surgical site infection (SSI) during 30 days after surgery | Procedure: Observation of surgical site infections<br>* No intervention is done, only observation of routine clinical practice<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) | The incidence of SSI of all patients included in the study | 04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Risk factors of SSI | What are the risk factors for Surgical site infections? | 04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021 | 
| Microbial spectrum of SSI | What is the microbial spectrum of Surgical site infections? | 04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021 | 
| Post-operative mortality | What is the postoperative mortality of all patients included in the study during hospitalisation for a maximum of 30 days after surgery? | 04 / 2021 - 11 / 2021 |