Stress and Sugar Synergy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main objectives of this study are to test the hypotheses that: 1) consumption of beverages sweetened with sucrose will increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease to a greater extent than a naturally-sweetened fruit juice such as orange juice, and 2) chronic psychological stress may augment the adverse metabolic effects of sugar intake. The study intervention consists of 2-week's consumption of 25% of energy as sugar provided either as a sucrose-sweetened beverage or naturally-sweetened orange juice.

Official Title
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Synergistic Effects of Stress and Sugar Feeding on Metabolism

Conditions
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Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: orange juice
* Other: sucrose


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Body mass index between 28-35 Self report of stable body weight during the past six months High stress participants: Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) ≥ 24, and the presence of a predefined chronically stressful event as assessed by the Telephone screening questions. (IDS scores are not an inclusion criteria in this group, merely a rule-out for the low stress participants). Low stress participants: PSS scores ≤ 8, Inventory for Depressive Symptom (IDS) scores ≤ 14, and the absence of any predefined chronically stressful events as assessed by the telephone screening questions. Exclusion Criteria: glucose intolerance Evidence of liver disorder Evidence of kidney disorder Evidence of thyroid disorder Systolic blood pressure consistently over 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg Triglycerides > 200mg/dl LDL-C > 130mg/dl Hemoglobin < 8.5 g/dl pregnant or lactating women Current, prior (within 12 months), or anticipated use of any hypolipidemic or anti-diabetic agents Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and anti-hypertensive medications Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigators, would put subject at risk Strenuous exerciser surgery for weight loss Diet exclusions: food allergies, special dietary restrictions, habitual ingest of >2 alcoholic beverages/day

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: orange juice<br>no sugar | Other: orange juice<br>* intervention assigned: 2-week consumption of naturally-sweetened orange juice providing 25% of energy requirement<br>Other: sucrose<br>* intervention assigned: 2-week consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverage providing 25% of energy requirement<br>|
| Other: sugar beverage<br>no sugar | Other: orange juice<br>* intervention assigned: 2-week consumption of naturally-sweetened orange juice providing 25% of energy requirement<br>Other: sucrose<br>* intervention assigned: 2-week consumption of sucrose-sweetened beverage providing 25% of energy requirement<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 24-hour triglyceride area under the curve | 28 serial blood samples are collected over a 24 hour period. | Baseline and 2-week intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Markers of immune cell aging |  | Baseline and 2-week intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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sugar, sucrose, fruit juice, orange juice, metabolism, immune cell aging, lipids