Effect of Reminiscence Therapy on Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study was conducted to examine the effect of reminiscence therapy on the functionality of older adults aged 65 and over living in nursing homes.

Detailed Description
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ABSTRACT Objective : This study was conducted to examine the effect of reminiscence therapy on the level of functionality of individuals aged 65 and over. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 16 residents who lived in a public nursing home between December 2019 and February 2020 and agreed to participate in the study. Participants were divided into intervention and control groups using the simple random sampling method. Reminiscence therapy was performed with each participant in the intervention group for 8 weeks. The participants in the control group received routine services and were regularly visited for 8 weeks. The research data were obtained by implementing the Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) with all participants before the reminiscence therapy and at the end of week eight. Non-parametric tests were completed in analyzing the data as the sample size was lower than 30. Findings: It was determined that 87.5% of the participants in the intervention group had a chronic disease, 50% were male, and 37.5% were elementary school graduates. All the participants in the control group had a chronic disease, 62.5% were male, and 50% were elementary school graduates. When the pre- and post-reminiscence therapy results were compared, a significant difference was found in the MMSE and MOSES (in the areas of disoriented behavior, depressed/anxious mood, and withdrawn behavior) scores in the intervention group. In the post-test evaluation, a significant difference was found between the intervention and comparison group in MOSES scores. It was determined that the participants in the intervention group that received reminiscence therapy had better functional and cognitive competency than the control group in the areas of self-care, depression/anxiety, and withdrawal from society. Conclusion: It was concluded that the reminiscence therapy contributed to increase the mental competence and functionality of the older adult participants.

Official Title
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Effect of Reminiscence Therapy on Functioning of Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Nurse's Role

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The Reminisence Therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: were 65 years of age and older had a Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) score between 24 and 30 Individuals who did not have communication difficulties and mental problems agreed to participate in the study were included in the study sample. Exclusion Criteria: were 64 years of age and younger have communication difficulties and mental problems had a Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) score 24 and more less nor agreed to participate in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The study was conducted as the randomized controlled experimental trial.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Reminisence Therapy<br>The participants in the intervention group received reminiscence therapy which was implemented by the researcher as one session per week for eight weeks. In the reminiscence sessions, mnemonic materials selected specifically for the determined interview topic were used. In the sessions, topics such as childhood life, work life, religious holidays, national holidays, old songs, military ceremonies, wedding ceremonies, gardening and field work were shared. In the reminiscence sessions, the participants were encouraged to verbally express the feelings and thoughts they remembered about the mnemonics. The interviews were recorded by the researcher and each session lasted 45-60 minutes. At the end of the reminiscence session, the topics addressed in the session were summarized by the researcher. | Other: The Reminisence Therapy<br>* Reminiscence sessions were held in a meeting room in the nursing home and arranged in accordance with the interviews. In the reminiscence sessions, mnemonic materials selected specifically for the determined interview topic were used. The materials to be used in the reminiscence sessions were determined in accordance with the education level and cultural characteristics of the participants. In the sessions, topics such as childhood life, work life, religious holidays, national holidays, old songs, military ceremonies, wedding ceremonies, gardening and field work were shared. In the reminiscence sessions, the participants were encouraged to verbally express the feelings and thoughts they remembered about the mnemonics. The interviews were recorded by the researcher and each session lasted 45-60 minutes. At the end of the reminiscence session, the topics addressed in the session were summarized by the researcher, the following weeks topic was determined and the interview was concluded.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Interviews were conducted with the individuals in the control group on a designated day of the week, at a designated place in the nursing home. The researcher interviewed the individuals in the control group once a week for eight weeks. During these meetings, daily issues and events such as health, sports, and weather were discussed. Each of the mentioned interviews lasted 45-60 minutes. At the end of eight weeks, SMMT and the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Individuals were implemented again to the participants in the intervention and control groups. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Standardized Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE): | Developed by Folstein et al., SMMT is a short, useful, and standardized assessment tool that can be used to determine the cognitive level globally. The test consists of five subsections: orientation of time and space, recording memory, attention, recall, and language. MMSE can be applied by physicians, nurses, and psychologists in a short time. The highest score that can be obtained in MMSE is 30. In the test, a score of 24-30 points is considered normal, 20-23 mild dementia, 10-19 moderate dementia, and 0-9 advanced dementia (Folstein et al. 1975). The validity and reliability study of the test for Turkish population was completed by Güngen et al. (2002). | 5 minutes | 
| Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES): | MOSES is a multi-dimensional measurement tool developed by Helmes, Csapo, and Short to evaluate the functionality of older adults (Helmeset al., 1987). The scale consists of 40 questions and provides evaluation in 5 functional sub-dimension areas. The dimensions of the scale are Self-Care , Disorientation , Depressed/Anxious Mood, Irritable behavior, and Withdrawal from society. Each item in the scale is scored between 0 and 4. Twenty-two items of the scale have 4 choices and 18 items have 5 choices. The last option in the five-choice items was created with the thought that the older adult would not be able to answer the question and/or the question would not be suitable for the older adult. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 0, and the highest score is 138. A low score indicates that the functionality of the older adult is high, while a high score indicates that the functionality of the older adult is low (Helmes et al. 1987). | 15 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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nursing, reminiscence therapy, functionality, older adults, care