Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for PTSD in Veterans With Co-Occurring SUDs

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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With this research, the investigators hope to learn if cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) works in people who have both PTSD and problems with drugs or alcohol. In the past, people who had problems with drugs and alcohol were not given treatment for their PTSD. It was believed that PTSD treatment would get in the way of their drug and alcohol treatment. Now the investigators believe that the PTSD symptoms may make it harder to avoid using drugs and alcohol, so the investigators want to see if people can get treatment for both problems at the same time. One hundred-sixty Veterans from 3 sites who have both PTSD and substance use disorders will be in the study. In order to know if the PTSD treatment is helpful, half of the Veterans in this study will receive PTSD treatment and half will continue to get their usual mental health and/or substance abuse treatment. Who gets which treatment will be decided by a random process. The investigators will then compare the 2 groups to see if there are differences in their PTSD symptoms.

Detailed Description
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A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a relatively simple, manual-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). One hundred sixty outpatients with comorbid PTSD and SUDs from three VA facilities will be randomly assigned to receive either CBT for PTSD in conjunction with standard treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 80) or TAU only (n = 80).

Official Title
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CBT for PTSD in Veterans With Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders

Conditions
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PTSD, Substance Use Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: At least age 18. Current SUD diagnosis. Score of at least 45 on CAPS. Must speak English. Must agree to be taped. Exclusion Criteria: Acute psychotic symptoms, if not well connected with appropriate mental health services. Severe suicidality. Individuals with unstable medical or legal situations that would make completion of the study highly unlikely.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Arm 1: TAU + CBT<br>The experimental group will receive treatment as usual (TAU) plus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). | Behavioral: Cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD<br>* The CBT for PTSD model is based on modern theories of posttraumatic reactions that place a premium on the importance of individuals' appraisals of traumatic events, their own reactions and those of others, and the meaning of the experience in terms of oneself and one's place in the world. In addition, the model employs cognitive restructuring to teach individuals how to examine and challenge their trauma-related appraisals.<br>|
| No Intervention: Arm 2: TAU<br>The no intervention group will receive treatment as usual (TAU). | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CAPS Total Score Analysis Among Participants Completing at Least One Follow-up Assessment. | PTSD symptom severity will be measured by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The Clinician Administered PTSD SCALE (CAPS) is the gold standard in PTSD assessment. It is a structured interview that can be used to: Make current (past month) diagnosis of PTSD and Make lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. The minimum value is a 0 and the maximum is 135, the higher the score the worse the outcome, i.e. the more severe PTSD. | Conclusion of treatment (post-treatment occurs approximately 4-months after treatment conclusion) and 6 months follow-up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Addiction Severity Index (Alcohol Addiction) | The ASI is a standardized, structured interview that assesses past 30 days problem severity in seven areas. These seven areas include medical, employment, drug, alcohol, legal, family/social and psychiatric status. Problem severity is rated on a scale of 0.0 - 1.0 with a higher score indicative of more problem severity. All scales have a range from 0 to 1.0. | Baseline, Post-Treatment (approximately 4-months after treatment conclusion), and 6-Months | 
| Addiction Severity Index (Drug Use) | The ASI is a standardized, structured interview that assesses past 30 days problem severity in seven areas. These seven areas include medical, employment, drug, alcohol, legal, family/social and psychiatric status. Problem severity is rated on a scale of 0.0 - 1.0 with a higher score indicative of more problem severity. All scales have a range from 0 to 1.0. | Baseline, Post-Treatment (approximately 4-months after treatment conclusion), and 6-Months | 
| PTSD Checklist (PCL) | A secondary measure of PTSD will be the PCL. The PCL is a widely used self-report measure that assesses the 17 DSM-IV PTSD symptoms. Responses to these questions are on a scale of 1 to 5 (not at all to extremely). A total symptom severity score (range from 17-85) can be calculated, with a higher score indicating higher symptom severity. | Baseline, Post-Treatment (approximately 4-months post treatment completion), 6-months | 
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): The PHQ-9 is adapted from the PRIME-MD. It can be used as a screen for depression or as a severity measure. The investigators used it as a measure of severity. The PHQ-9 score is on a range of 0 to 27, where a higher score indicates higher severity. | Baseline, Post-Treatment (approximately 4-months post treatment completion), 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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PTSD, Substance Use Disorders