The Schmitz-Hinkelbein Method. A New Technique for CPR in Space.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The risk of a severe medical event during long-duration spaceflight is significant and can endanger both the whole mission and crew. There is a certain risk for a cardiac arrest in space requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). So far, 5 known techniques to perform CPR in microgravity have been reported. The aim of the present study was to describe and gather data for two new CPR techniques useful in microgravity.

Detailed Description
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The risk of a severe medical event during long-duration spaceflight is significant and can endanger both the whole mission and crew. There is a certain risk for a cardiac arrest in space requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). So far, 5 known techniques to perform CPR in microgravity have been reported. The aim of the present study was to describe and gather data for two new CPR techniques useful in microgravity. The investigators conducted a randomized controlled manikin trial and asked 15 participants with valid diving-license to resuscitate a manikin in two different techniques of CPR in a free-floating position underwater. The first technique, (Schmitz-Hinkelbein-Method) is similar to conventional CPR, with the patient in a supine position on the performer's knees for stabilization. The second technique (Hinkelbein-Schmitz-Method) is similar to the first, but chest compressions are conducted with the elbow.

Official Title
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The Schmitz-Hinkelbein Method. A New Method for the Performance of External Chest Compressions During Microgravity.

Conditions
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Cardiac Arrest

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: External Chest Compressions on Manikin in Underwater Setting


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Valid diving-license(SSI - Open Water Diver (OWD), CMAS *, PADI Open Water Diver, ISO 24801-2 (Autonomous Diver), NAUI Scuba Diver or equal license German EMT-qualification Exclusion Criteria: any acute or chronic ENT illness/injury no valid diving/EMT license

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Schmitz-Hinkelbein-Method<br> | Procedure: External Chest Compressions on Manikin in Underwater Setting<br>* Two different methods of CPR in an analogue model of mircogravity<br>|
| Active Comparator: Hinkelbein-Schmitz-Method<br> | Procedure: External Chest Compressions on Manikin in Underwater Setting<br>* Two different methods of CPR in an analogue model of mircogravity<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| total number of chest compressions | defined as >2 cm of compression depth | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 
| number of correct chest compressions | defined as 50-60 mm of depth | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 
| compression rate | defined as any compression of the thorax | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 
| correct compression rate | defined as 100-120 compressions min-1 | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 
| depth rate | defined as 50-60 mm of depth | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| no-flow-time | time without effective compression after the onset of chest compressions | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 
| thorax release | correct thorax release after compression | 60 seconds video clip with afterwards evaluation | 
| Self-Satisfaction-Score | Depth Frequency Feasibility Exhaustion All in All Quality | 60 Seconds, Questionnaire filled out by participants after dive | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation