Impact of Smoking and Nicotine on the Risk of Being Infected With COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Several studies have shown that smokers have a higher risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19 once a person has been infected. This is explained by the damage caused by smoking at the bronchopulmonary level and an overexpression of some coronavirus receptors at the pulmonary level when exposed to tobacco. In contrast, recent data indicate that smokers are proportionally less infected with the COVID-19 virus since all available cohort data from around the world show a very low rate of smokers among COVID-19 infected subjects. The mechanisms at the origin of this protective effect are not known. All of these data lead us to question the real role of nicotine in the protective effect of tobacco observed in the general population against infection by the COVID-19 virus. The objectives are : To show that subjects taking nicotine substitutes as part of a smoking cessation program are less infected with COVID-19 than non-smokers. To show that active smokers are less infected with COVID-19 than non-smokers. To compare the percentage of positive serological tests in subjects taking nicotine substitutes to the percentage of positive serological tests in active smokers.

Official Title
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Impact of Smoking and Nicotine on the Risk of Being Infected With COVID-19

Conditions
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Smoking Behaviors

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Serological test for COVID-19.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age > 18 years old Subject who will require a serological test for COVID-19 virus as part of standard of care. Group 1: Active smoker since October 2019 Group 2: Smoker undergoing smoking cessation and taking nicotine substitutes on a regular basis since October 2019 Group 3: Non-smoker Exclusion Criteria: Inpatient subject Subjects with a chronic serious pathology modifying the risk of exposure to COVID-19

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active smokers.<br>Active smokers since October 2019. | Diagnostic Test: Serological test for COVID-19.<br>* Serological test for COVID-19 performed as part of standard of care.<br>|
| Smokers undergoing smoking cessation<br>Smokers undergoing smoking cessation and taking nicotine substitutes on a regular basis since October 2019. | Diagnostic Test: Serological test for COVID-19.<br>* Serological test for COVID-19 performed as part of standard of care.<br>|
| Non-smoking.<br>Person who's never smoked before. | Diagnostic Test: Serological test for COVID-19.<br>* Serological test for COVID-19 performed as part of standard of care.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percentage of patients with a positive serological test for COVID-19. | Percentage of patients with a positive serological test for COVID-19. | 1 day |