Oral Hygiene Related Self-efficacy, General Self-efficacy and Daily Plaque Control

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objectives are a) to determine the scores of general self-efficacy (GSE) and oral hygiene related self-efficacy (OHSE) b) to evaluate the relations between the scores of GSE and OHSE c) to examine the changes in OHSE scores and the relationship between OHSE and PI scores after motivation and oral hygiene instructions. OHSE scores could be an indicator in predicting daily plaque control of patients. Also, it may be needed to show greater interest about motivation and oral hygiene instructions especially for smokers and OHSE-low group patients.

Detailed Description
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All study patients (n=210) between the ages of 35 to 60 with inflammatory periodontal diseases filled out questionnaires regarding GSE and OHSE. Subgroups including OHSE-low (n=26) and OHSE-high (n=26) groups were selected after performing cut off on OHSE scores of all study patients. In both subgroups, plaque index (PI) values were determined, and motivation and oral hygiene instructions were performed at baseline. PI measurements and OHSE questionnaire were repeated at 1 and 3 months.

Official Title
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The Relationship Between Oral Hygiene Related Self-efficacy, General Self-efficacy and Daily Plaque Control

Conditions
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Dental Plaque

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: motivation and and oral hygiene instructions


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were being able to brushing and interdental cleaning physically and mentally, between the ages of 35 and 60, graduated from high school or university, having at least 12 teeth, no periodontal treatment in the last 6 months, no periodontal surgery in the last 2 years. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with one or more of the following criteria were excluded from the study: patients having hepatitis or HIV infectious disease, pregnant and lactating females, patients taking drugs that may cause gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement, and bleeding problems (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia A-B, iron deficiency anemia etc.).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 2 groups: OHSE-high and OHSE-low<br>OHSE-high: Group with ≥ 50 OHSE scores received motivation and oral hygiene instructions . OHSE-low: Group with < 30 OHSE scores received motivation and oral hygiene instructions . | Behavioral: motivation and and oral hygiene instructions<br>* Motivation and oral hygiene instructions were received OHSE-high and OHSE-low groups. After showing the modified-Bass tooth brushing technique and interdental cleaning on the model, patients were followed up while brushing and flossing their teeth to correct misapplications. It was advised to brush teeth twice a day and use the interdental cleaning devices once a day.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| oral hygiene related self-efficacy (OHSE) score (min:19, max:76, higher values represent a better ), summed | Woelber et al. in 2015 | baseline | 
| change is being assessed. oral hygiene related self-efficacy (OHSE) score (min:19, max:76, higher values represent a better), summed | Woelber et al. in 2015 | 1 mouth | 
| change is being assessed. oral hygiene related self-efficacy (OHSE) score (min:19, max:76, higher values represent a better ), summed | Woelber et al. in 2015 | 3 mouth | 
| plaque index (min:0, max:5, lower values represent a better), averaged | Quigley & Hein (1962) Plaque Index | baseline | 
| change is being assessed. plaque index (min:0, max:5, lower values represent a better), averaged | Quigley & Hein (1962) Plaque Index | 1 month | 
| change is being assessed. plaque index (min:0, max:5, lower values represent a better), averaged | Quigley & Hein (1962) Plaque Index | 3 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| General Self Efficacy (GSE) score (min:10, max: 40), summed | Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995 | baseline | 
| Demographic variables | age, gender, smoking, number of teeth, education, income | baseline |