Fructose Rich Diet and Endothelial Function

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cardiometabolic diseases have been associated with high consumption of sweetened beverages. These products are responsible for the largest portion of the total consumption of fructose in the diet and it is suggested that excessive intake of this monosaccharide may contribute to the development of risk factors for these diseases due to differences in metabolism relative to glucose. However, there is a lack of data in the literature demonstrating the deleterious effects of excessive fructose consumption on vasodilation and whether aerobic training may be able to prevent or mitigate these damages in humans. Therefore, the aim of the study will be to verify the effect of 4 weeks of high fructose diet associated with aerobic training on uric acid levels and its influence on markers related to oxidative stress and vasodilatation. Twenty-one sedentary men and women, aged between 19 and 35 years, will be submitted to 4 weeks of intervention. In a randomized way, subjects will be divided into 3 groups: high fructose diet, high glucose diet and high fructose diet and exercise. Blood samples will be taken before, in the middle and after the intervention to verify the concentrations of uric acid, superoxide dismutase enzyme, thiobarbituric acid, nitrite / nitrate, lipid profile, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein and endothelin-1. In addition, flow-mediated dilatation, insulin resistance index, pancreatic beta cell functional capacity index, oral glucose tolerance test, 24-hour blood pressure, heart rate variability and body composition will be analyzed. The comparisons will be performed through the Generalized Estimates of Equations, adopting the factors group and time. The Bonferroni post-hoc will be used to identify differences. The accepted level of significance will be 5%.

Official Title
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Effects of Fructose Rich Diet Associated With Aerobic Training on Uric Acid Levels and Endothelial Function

Conditions
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Fructose Metabolism Disorder, Fructose Rich Diet, Metabolic Disease, Aerobic Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Fructose
* Dietary Supplement: Glucose
* Other: Fructose and exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men and women; Not engaged in regular exercises; Aged between 19 and 35 years; Body mass index (BMI) of less than 30kg / m². Exclusion Criteria: Individuals with BMI below 18kg / m² and greater than 30kg / m²; Smokers; Dyslipidemic; Diabetic; Hypertensive; Alcohol use; Appetite suppressants use; Medications use; Supplements use; Chronic disease that impedes the performance of physical exercise.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Fructose-rich diet<br>Subjects will be submitted to a standard diet associated with a sweetened beverage (provided by the researchers) during 4 weeks. Without knowing the content (blind), they will receive fructose based beverage, prepared as a solution with 10% fructose, water and flavoring powder, totaling 1.0g / kg of body mass / day of fructose. | Dietary Supplement: Fructose<br>* Consumption of 1.0g / kg of body mass / day of fructose.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Glucose-rich diet<br>Subjects will be submitted to a standard diet associated with a sweetened beverage (provided by the researchers) during 4 weeks. Without knowing the content (blind), they will receive glucose based beverage, prepared as a solution with 10% glucose, water and flavoring powder, totaling 1.0g / kg of body mass / day of glucose. | Dietary Supplement: Glucose<br>* Consumption of 1.0g / kg of body mass / day of glucose.<br>|
| Experimental: Fructose-rich diet and exercise<br>The subjects will perform the same protocol described in the intervention Fructose-rich diet, except for the inclusion of the physical exercise. During the 4-week intervention, participants will perform three sessions a week of 60 minutes of aerobic exercise at 60% of VO2 peak on cycle ergometer. | Other: Fructose and exercise<br>* Consumption of 1.0g / kg of body mass / day of fructose + 3 weekly sessions of 60 minutes of aerobic exercise.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Flow Mediated Dilatation |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Uric Acid |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Nitrite / Nitrate |  | 4 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Concentration of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Substances Reactive to Thiobarbituric Acid | Oxidative stress outcome | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Total Cholesterol |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Triglycerides |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of High-Density Lipoprotein |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Glucose |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Insulin |  | 4 weeks | 
| HOMA-IR |  | 4 weeks | 
| HOMA-B |  | 4 weeks | 
| Insulin Sensitivity | Oral glucose tolerance test | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of C-Reactive Protein |  | 4 weeks | 
| Concentration of Endothelin-1 |  | 4 weeks | 
| 24-hour Blood Pressure |  | 4 weeks | 
| Heart Rate Variability |  | 4 weeks | 
| Body Fat |  | 4 weeks |