Prevalance of Intraoral Injection Fear

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aim of the study Estimate the prevalence of intraoral injection fear and its relationship to dental fear among 8-10 years children. Explore the possible consequences of such problems in terms of avoidance of dental and medical care.

Detailed Description
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Statement of the problem Despite all the technological advancements in the dental profession, fear toward dentistry remains a major concern and potentially distressing problem in daily practice (Oliveira et al. 2014). Dental fear is a normal emotional reaction to one or more specific threatening stimuli within the dental situation and Intra oral injection is considered one of the most fear-provoking stimuli in the dental setting. Excessive or unreasonable fear or anxiety can influence daily living and result in prolonged avoidance of dental treatment leading to a public health dilemma (Shim et al. 2015). People with high dental fear, children and adults, may prove difficult to treat, require more time, and present with behavioral problems which can result in a stressful and unpleasant experience for both the patient and treating dental practitioner (Armfield & Heaton 2013). Rationale Intra-oral injections have been shown to be among the most fear-provoking stimuli in the dental setting.(Berge et al. 2016) Dental patients with fear and anxiety may also become dependent on pharmacological approaches for the management of their care, particularly if they do not receive treatment for their anxiety (MCGoldrick et al. 2001). Assessment of high intra-oral injection fear is of paramount impact in offering the affected patients appropriate treatment , such as cognitive behavioral therapy and applied tension. (Berge et al. 2016) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a goal-orientated talking therapy which aims to help people manage their problems by changing how they think and behave in relation to their problems. CBT incorporates a variety of different cognitive and behavioral strategies which aim to help the patient modify the unhelpful behaviors or thoughts maintaining their anxiety. (Marshman et al. 2018) Applied tension is a treatment method that is used with patients with blood-injection-injury phobia to alter their physiological response to the feared stimulus. The method includes repeated muscle tensing when in the presence of feared stimuli to counteract the drop in blood pressure and prevent vasovagal syncope.(Mednick et al. 2012) During Dental Procedures Some children may experience vasovagal syncope, proper history taking from those patients will help the dentist get prepared for such a probability.(Vika et al. 2008) Some adjusted behavior management techniques are used in order to prevent fainting, for example, applied tension (Vika et al. 2008)

Official Title
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Self-reported Fear of Intraoral Injections and Its Relationship to Dental Fear and Subsequent Avoidance of Dental Treatment Among 8 to 10 Years Children: Across Sectional Study

Conditions
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Injection Fear, Fear, Avoidance, Dental

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: : school aged children (8 to10) years old. With or without previous dental experience Exclusion Criteria: Medically compromised children. Refusal of participation.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 8 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of intraoral injection fear | self reported fear of intraoral injection through filling of a 12 questions of Intraoral Injection Fear scale, the scale has scores from 12 to 60 and the cut off score is 38, Below 38 is better as it means the child is not fearful from intraoral injections. | immediate | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of dental fear | children fear survey subscale | immediate |