Intraventricular Stasis In Cardiovascular Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is designed to quantify the ventricular stasis in patients with different forms of cardiomyopathy and at risk of stroke (ischemic, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) by post-processing of 2D color Doppler echocardiography and phase contrast-magnetic resonance images in order to establish the relationship between quantitative variables of intraventricular stasis and the prevalence of silent embolic events and/or intraventricular mural thrombosis.

Detailed Description
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Cardioembolic stroke is a major source of mortality and disability worldwide and blood stasis inside the heart is the main risk factor for developing intracardiac thrombosis. We have recently developed and patented a quantitative image-based method to map blood stasis within the cardiac chambers. The method is suitable for any medical imaging modality that provides time-resolved flow maps inside the heart (magnetic resonance, echocardiography, or computational-fluid-dynamic processing from anatomical CT images). The objective of the present project is to validate this certified technology in a multicentric cross-sectional clinical trial of 258 patients with different forms of cardiomyopathy with high-risk of stroke. We will include patients with ischemic, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm and an echocardiogram, cardiac and cerebral MRI will be performed. Our objective is to quantify the ventricular stasis by post-processing of 2D color Doppler echocardiography and phase contrast-magnetic resonance images in order to establish the relationship between quantifiable intraventricular stasis variables and the prevalence of silent brain infarctions (SBIs) and intracavitary thrombosis determined by magnetic resonance (MRI).

Official Title
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Personalizing The Risk Of Stroke And Silent Brain Infarct In Cardiovascular Disease

Conditions
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Thrombosis Cardiac, Stroke, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Doppler echocardiogram exam
* Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance
* Diagnostic Test: Brain magnetic resonance
* Diagnostic Test: Coagulation blood test
* Diagnostic Test: Holter monitoring


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients over 18 years of age. Sinus rhythm. Meet one of the following criteria: Diagnosis of non ischemic DCM and ejection fraction (EF) of LV less than 45% Diagnosis of ischemic DCM and ejection fraction (EF) of LV less than 45% Diagnosis of hypertrofic myocardiophathy and ejection fraction (EF) of LV less than 55% or apical aneurism diagnosed in an image test. Exclusion Criteria: Implantable defibrillation or stimulation devices not compatible with MRI. Hemodinamically significant heart valve disease or prosthetic heart valves. Claustrophobia. Persistent of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Prior history of significant carotid disease with stenosis greater than 50%. Full anticoagulation therapy prior to admission or indication of anticoagulation. Pro-thrombotic disorders (active oncology disease, coagulation disorders…)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 86 patients ischemic DCM<br>A cohort of 86 patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm and ejection fraction (EF) of LV less than 45% | Diagnostic Test: Doppler echocardiogram exam<br>* A complete echocardiographic study will be performed at enrollment. The echocardiographic images will be acquired as clinically recommended. The protocol will include the acquisition of 1) 2D images in parasternal axis long and short axis; 2) 2D and Doppler tissue images in the apical planes of 4, 2 and 3 chambers; 3) Pulsed, continuous and color Doppler M (DCMM) of transmitral LV flow and LV ejection; 4) 3-Chamber apical plane with and without color Doppler; and 5) 3D LV images. DCMM images will be obtained from the apical window using 4 and 5 chamber planes. Blood flow velocity will be obtained using Color and Gray mode in the 3 chamber view during 5-10 beats in apnea.<br>Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance<br>* A cardiac MR will be acquired within 10 days after the enrollment. The protocol includes the following sequences: cine mode of short axis from LV base to apex and 2-3-4 chambers. 3D sequence of late enhancement of inversion-recovery. Images will be acquired after 3 min and 10 min of the administration of a total of 0.2 mmol / kg of Prohance®. Intraventricular thrombosis will be monitored. Phase contrast sequences in three orthogonal planes will be acquired. Morphological parameters of LV function (LVEF), contractility (Wall Motion Score ) and sphericity index will be measured.<br>Diagnostic Test: Brain magnetic resonance<br>* A brain MR will be acquired within 10 days after the enrollment. Axial, sagittal and coronal spin echo sequence in T1, axial images in diffusion sequences (DWI), enhanced spin echo T2 and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequences shall be obtained. A cerebral infarction will be positive when finding the presence of a focal lesion of> 3 mm in diameter that meets one of these three characteristics: (1) high signal on isotropic DWI images and low signal on the apparent coefficient map Broadcast (ADC). (2) Cavitary lesion hyperintense on T2, with no signal (or low) in the FLAIR sequence. (3) Hyperintense lesion T2 / T1 hypointense with prior distribution defect known or new in a follow-up study.<br>Diagnostic Test: Coagulation blood test<br>* 5 ml of peripheral blood will be obtained for assessment of prothrombotic markers at enrollment.<br>Diagnostic Test: Holter monitoring<br>* At inclusion all patients will carry a Holter device for 24 hours to ensure absence of atrial fibrillation<br>|
| 86 patients non ischemic DCM<br>A cohort of 86 patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm and ejection fraction (EF) of LV less than 45% | Diagnostic Test: Doppler echocardiogram exam<br>* A complete echocardiographic study will be performed at enrollment. The echocardiographic images will be acquired as clinically recommended. The protocol will include the acquisition of 1) 2D images in parasternal axis long and short axis; 2) 2D and Doppler tissue images in the apical planes of 4, 2 and 3 chambers; 3) Pulsed, continuous and color Doppler M (DCMM) of transmitral LV flow and LV ejection; 4) 3-Chamber apical plane with and without color Doppler; and 5) 3D LV images. DCMM images will be obtained from the apical window using 4 and 5 chamber planes. Blood flow velocity will be obtained using Color and Gray mode in the 3 chamber view during 5-10 beats in apnea.<br>Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance<br>* A cardiac MR will be acquired within 10 days after the enrollment. The protocol includes the following sequences: cine mode of short axis from LV base to apex and 2-3-4 chambers. 3D sequence of late enhancement of inversion-recovery. Images will be acquired after 3 min and 10 min of the administration of a total of 0.2 mmol / kg of Prohance®. Intraventricular thrombosis will be monitored. Phase contrast sequences in three orthogonal planes will be acquired. Morphological parameters of LV function (LVEF), contractility (Wall Motion Score ) and sphericity index will be measured.<br>Diagnostic Test: Brain magnetic resonance<br>* A brain MR will be acquired within 10 days after the enrollment. Axial, sagittal and coronal spin echo sequence in T1, axial images in diffusion sequences (DWI), enhanced spin echo T2 and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequences shall be obtained. A cerebral infarction will be positive when finding the presence of a focal lesion of> 3 mm in diameter that meets one of these three characteristics: (1) high signal on isotropic DWI images and low signal on the apparent coefficient map Broadcast (ADC). (2) Cavitary lesion hyperintense on T2, with no signal (or low) in the FLAIR sequence. (3) Hyperintense lesion T2 / T1 hypointense with prior distribution defect known or new in a follow-up study.<br>Diagnostic Test: Coagulation blood test<br>* 5 ml of peripheral blood will be obtained for assessment of prothrombotic markers at enrollment.<br>Diagnostic Test: Holter monitoring<br>* At inclusion all patients will carry a Holter device for 24 hours to ensure absence of atrial fibrillation<br>|
| 86 patients hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<br>A cohort of 86 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm and ejection fraction (EF) of LV less than 55% or with an apical aneurism diagnosed in an image test | Diagnostic Test: Doppler echocardiogram exam<br>* A complete echocardiographic study will be performed at enrollment. The echocardiographic images will be acquired as clinically recommended. The protocol will include the acquisition of 1) 2D images in parasternal axis long and short axis; 2) 2D and Doppler tissue images in the apical planes of 4, 2 and 3 chambers; 3) Pulsed, continuous and color Doppler M (DCMM) of transmitral LV flow and LV ejection; 4) 3-Chamber apical plane with and without color Doppler; and 5) 3D LV images. DCMM images will be obtained from the apical window using 4 and 5 chamber planes. Blood flow velocity will be obtained using Color and Gray mode in the 3 chamber view during 5-10 beats in apnea.<br>Diagnostic Test: Cardiac magnetic resonance<br>* A cardiac MR will be acquired within 10 days after the enrollment. The protocol includes the following sequences: cine mode of short axis from LV base to apex and 2-3-4 chambers. 3D sequence of late enhancement of inversion-recovery. Images will be acquired after 3 min and 10 min of the administration of a total of 0.2 mmol / kg of Prohance®. Intraventricular thrombosis will be monitored. Phase contrast sequences in three orthogonal planes will be acquired. Morphological parameters of LV function (LVEF), contractility (Wall Motion Score ) and sphericity index will be measured.<br>Diagnostic Test: Brain magnetic resonance<br>* A brain MR will be acquired within 10 days after the enrollment. Axial, sagittal and coronal spin echo sequence in T1, axial images in diffusion sequences (DWI), enhanced spin echo T2 and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) sequences shall be obtained. A cerebral infarction will be positive when finding the presence of a focal lesion of> 3 mm in diameter that meets one of these three characteristics: (1) high signal on isotropic DWI images and low signal on the apparent coefficient map Broadcast (ADC). (2) Cavitary lesion hyperintense on T2, with no signal (or low) in the FLAIR sequence. (3) Hyperintense lesion T2 / T1 hypointense with prior distribution defect known or new in a follow-up study.<br>Diagnostic Test: Coagulation blood test<br>* 5 ml of peripheral blood will be obtained for assessment of prothrombotic markers at enrollment.<br>Diagnostic Test: Holter monitoring<br>* At inclusion all patients will carry a Holter device for 24 hours to ensure absence of atrial fibrillation<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of a combined binary variable consisting of ventricular thrombosis or silent brain infarct detected by magnetic resonance | The primary outcome measure will be a combined binary variable consisting of one of the following findings: ventricular thrombosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance or silent brain infarct detected by brain magnetic resonance | Within 10 days after enrollment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Left ventricle mural thrombosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging | Left ventricle mural thrombosis will be assessed by contrast cardiac MRI. Early after gadolinium contrast administration (3 min), two dimensional T1-weighted fast-field-echo sequences with an inversion-recovery prepulse will be used. A long inversion time (520 ms) will be used to identify intraventricular thrombus as a LV mass with low-signal intensity surrounded by high-signal intensity structures. | Within 10 days after enrollment | 
| Silent brain infarcts (SBI) | SBIs diagnosis entails the presence of a focal lesion > 3 mm that meets one of the three following criteria: 1) high signal on DWI isotropic images and low signal on the map of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). DWI sequence allows to detecting ischemic lesions and assessing their chronology. (2) cavitary lesion hyperintense on T2, with no signal (or low) in the FLAIR sequence usually surrounded by a ring gliotic hyperintense, hypointense on T1). (3) hyperintense lesion on T2 / T1 hypointense with prior distribution defect known or new in a follow-up study. The studies will be interpreted by a neuroradiologist blinded to clinical and echocardiographic information. For the assessment of whether the brain infarct is clinically silent, a medical history and physical examination focused on neurological symptoms will be performed including for that purpose the National Institute of Health (USA) questionnaire | Within 10 days after enrollment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Cardiac thrombosis, Silent brain infarct, Stroke, Fluid dynamics, Intracardiac blood flow, Echocardiography, Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging