Cardiac Arrest in Residential Areas With Mobile First-responder Activation

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The study aims to increase proportions of bystander defibrillation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (hereof referred to as cardiac arrest) in residential areas with a high density of cardiac arrests. The intervention consists of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) and residents' involvement in resuscitation through training and enrollment as citizen responders.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Survival decreases by 10% for every minute that passes after a cardiac arrest until defibrillation. Despite an increasing number of available AEDs, survival and defibrillation rates in residential areas remain poor. Efforts to increase bystander defibrillation has the potential to improve survival. Through the strategic deployment of AEDs, training, and recruitment of residents as citizen responders, we aim to improve proportions of bystander defibrillation and 30-day survival in densely populated residential areas with a high density of cardiac arrests.

Official Title
-----------------
A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial of Strategic AED Deployment in High-risk Residential Areas Combined With Activation of Local Residents

Conditions
-----------------
Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
* Other: Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use
* Other: Activation of citizen responders


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All witnessed cardiac arrests recognized registered in the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry occurring within the study sites. This excludes non witnessed cardiac arrests. Witnessed cardiac arrest Non-traumatic etiology, this excludes intoxication, drowning or suicide. Exclusion Criteria: Cardiac arrest occurring in a nursing home Cardiac arrest not treated by the EMS due to ethical reasons or obvious signs of death Not true cardiac arrest (suspected, but not verified) Cardiac arrests witnessed by the emergency medical personnel

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 8 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control sites<br>For all 1-1-2 calls with suspected cardiac arrest to the emergency dispatch center will activate a two-tiered response consisting of dispatch of an ambulance with an emergency medical technician, a physician-staffed mobile emergency care unit, and citizen first responders through the Heart Runner app. The medical dispatcher offers telephone assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to bystanders. Furthermore, if more than two bystanders are present and an AED is accessible within 1½ minute travel distance (depending on the type of terrain), then one bystander is guided to localize and retrieve the AED. | |
| Experimental: Intervention sites<br>As a supplement to the standard care as described in the control arm, the following will be supplied: Strategical deployment of AEDs with 24:7 availability and 1½ minute walking distance to every residence within the area. The AEDs will be registered with the AED network and thus linked to the emergency dispatch center. The emergency dispatch center will retrieve data from used AEDs. For each interventional area, approximately 120 residents will receive a course in CPR and AED use and subsequently be recruited as citizen responders so that they can be activated through the HeartRunner app in case of a nearby cardiac arrest. | Device: Automated External Defibrillator (AED)<br>* Deployment of AEDs<br>Other: Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED use<br>* Residents will undergo 30-minute courses at study start and if needed during the trial period. During the course they will also be recruited as citizen responders<br>Other: Activation of citizen responders<br>* Citizen responders will be activated in case of suspected cardiac arrest through the heart runner app.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bystander defibrillation | Proportion of bystander defibrillation of witnessed cardiac arrests | Up to five years after implementation of the intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 30-day survival | Proportion of patients alive 30 days after date of cardiac arrest | 30 days after date of cardiac arrest | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Suddan cardiac arrest, Heart Arrest, Heart Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases