Vegetables Intake and Polymorphism TAS2R38 Gene by Healthy Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Personalized nutrition is one of the most up to date trends in human nutrition and gains much interest of general public and scientists as well. Although we have gained some knowledge on gene-trait associations, the real effectiveness and usefulness of genotype-based nutritional recommendations is unknown. Many personalized nutrition companies are on the market today, some of them use personalized nutrition based on genotype analysis. For this reason, scientific basis of this approach should be clarified. Our project can thus increase knowledge which can be applied in dietary counseling practice. Although we focus on increase vegetable and fruits intake, the study is designed as a proof of concept.

Detailed Description
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In humans, the TAS2R38 receptor gene is responsible for differences in the perception of bitter taste. This gene codes for a G protein that is associated with a flavor receptor regulated by phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) ligands, which by binding to the receptor determines the degree of bitter taste. Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, which resemble PTC and PROP and thereby affect their perception of bitter taste through the TAS2R38 regulated receptor. The polymorphism of this gene allows to distinguish three phenotypes: insensitive to bitter taste [bitter-non tasters] moderately sensitive to bitter taste [intermediate-bitter tasters] sensitive to bitter taste [bitter taster] Previous studies have shown that people who are carriers of one PAV haplotype experience a bitter taste more than AVI / AVI homozygotes, which are less sensitive to bitter taste. Hence, the TAS2R38 gene polymorphism is associated with nutritional decisions, including choice of vegetables and coffee. Aim of the study is to verify effectiveness of the genotype based dietary intervention in people with or without polymorphism of TAS2R38 gene.

Official Title
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Can Including Genotype Information Increase the Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions? Vegetables Intake and Polymorphism TAS2R38 Gene by Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Healthy Lifestyle, Taste Disorders, Diet Habit

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Intervention genotype personalized nutritional recommendations
* Behavioral: Control Group 1 personalized nutritional recommendations
* Behavioral: Control Group 2 general nutritional recommendations


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy Exclusion Criteria: injuries, chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, hyperthyroidism), recent diet, pregnancy, breastfeeding, limited communication to the extent that no nutritional history can be carried out, eating disorders (according to nutritional history)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: To achieve the goals of the study, a group of healthy adults will be qualified. Genotype will be assed at the baseline. Consumption of fruit and vegetables will be assessed before and after intervention. The duration of the study will be 20 weeks. Blood results and body analyze will be assessed at the beginning and after the intervention. Overall food consumption will be assessed at the beginning. For the basic characteristics of study participants, their anthropometric and biochemical parameters will be analyzed twice at the baseline and after intervention. The intervention effect, including the TAS2R38 polymorphism, will be analyzed by statistical analysis. In a randomized manner volunteers will be assigned to one of three groups: intervention and two control group.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: intervention group<br>Participants with PAV haplotype will receive personalised dietary recommendations regarding consumption of fruit and vegetables. The information about genotype will be given at the beginning of study. | Behavioral: Intervention genotype personalized nutritional recommendations<br>* Participants will receive personalized nutritional recommendations to increase fruit and vegetables consumption. Information about genotype will be given at the beginning of study<br>* Other names: with PAV haplotype;|
| Sham Comparator: control group 1<br>Participants with PAV haplotype will receive personalised dietary recommendations regarding consumption of fruit and vegetables, but the information about genotype will be given at the end of study. | Behavioral: Control Group 1 personalized nutritional recommendations<br>* Participants will receive genotype personalized nutritional recommendations to increase fruit and vegetables consumption. Information about genotype will be given at the end of study<br>* Other names: with PAV haplotype;|
| Active Comparator: Control group 2<br>Participants with AVI haplotype will receive general recommendations regarding consumption of fruit and vegetables. | Behavioral: Control Group 2 general nutritional recommendations<br>* Participants will receive general nutritional recommendations to increase fruit and vegetables consumption<br>* Other names: with AVI haplotype;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vegetables intake | Change in frequency of vegatables intake within the group and between the groups; Block vegetables intake screener | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| TAS2R38 polymorphism | genotyping of polymorphism TAS2R38 gene (rsr713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939) | baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body Mass (BM) | change in body mass (kg) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Fat free mass (FFM) | change in FFM (kg) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Fat Mass (FM) % | change in Fat Mass % within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Waist circumference (WC) | Change in WC (cm) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Total Cholesterol (TChol) | Changes in TChol (mg/dl) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| LDL Cholesterol(LDL-Chol) | Changes in LDL-Chol (mg/dl) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| HDL Cholesterol (HDL-Chol) | Changes in HDL-Chol (mg/dl) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Triglycerides (TG) | Changes in TG (mg/dl) within groups and between groups | Baseline, 20 week | 
| Glucose (GLU) | Changes in GLU (mg/dl) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Insulin (INS) | Changes in INS (ulU/ml) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| Alanine transaminase (ALAT) | Changes in ALAT (U/l) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 
| aspartate aminotransferase (ASPAT) | Changes in ASPAT (U/l) within the group and between the groups | Baseline, 20 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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PAV, TAS2R38 Polymorphism, bitter, taste, AVI, vegetables, personalized nutrition, genotype, intake, fruit and vegetables