Exercise Habit and M-PAC

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The promotion of physical activity (PA) is paramount to public health, yet interventions in the social cognitive tradition have yielded negligible improvements. Two reasons for these results may be the over reliance on intention as the proximal determinant of behaviour and a lack of consideration of implicit/automatic determinants of PA. The purpose of this study was to apply Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC), a framework centered on PA intention-translation and the gradual building of habit to examine PA change using a two-arm parallel design, randomized controlled trial.

Detailed Description
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Background: Two of the most prominent limitations of traditional social cognitive models used to understand moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are the gap between intention and behaviour and the lack of consideration of implicit processes in behavioural enactment. Thus, new models are now being examined that attempt to consider these potential limitations. Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) is one such attempt to build a more comprehensive schematic, whereby intention is established via the means of constructs from traditional social cognitive theories (i.e., outcome expectations, perceived capability), but the success of translating this intention to behaviour depends on behavioural-regulation (self-regulatory tactics) (BR), affective judgments (expected pleasure) (AJ) and opportunity (time, access). Over time, M-PAC proposes that habit (stimulus -behaviour bonds) and identity (role-behaviour bonds) develop from performing the behaviour and largely contribute to the maintenance of PA. Aim: The purpose of this study was to conduct at two-arm parallel design, RCT to determine if the M-PAC experimental group would demonstrate greater change in PA and post-intention constructs across time. Methods: Participants (n=94) were inactive new gym members and were randomized into a control or M-PAC experimental group. The experimental group attended a workshop and received a booster phone call follow-up at week four. Measures for both groups included accelerometry and M-PAC at baseline and at week eight.

Official Title
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Facilitating an Exercise Habit Via the Multi-Process Action Control Model: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Public Health

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: M-PAC Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: New gym member age 18-65 Par-Q pass Exclusion Criteria: age <18 or 65+ Par-Q fail

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Those who were randomized into the intervention group attended a workshop where the PI delivered a presentation that focused on establishing a preparatory exercise habit by using the M-PAC approach and proposed habit model. Participants were then provided with instructions on completing their exercise plan sheet. | Behavioral: M-PAC Group<br>* Participants attended a workshop, completed a worksheet and received a booster phone call follow-up at week four.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Participants exercised on their own without receiving any instructions. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| GT3X+ Actigraph Activity Monitors (for measuring physical activity) | Participants wear accelerometers for one week at baseline and at week eight to record their physical activity. | Baseline to week eight | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-Report Behavioural Automaticity Index (self report, survey question) | The Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index (SRBAI) was used to assess preparatory habit. The SRBAI consists of 4 items on a 5-point Likert scale with 1 being strongly disagree to 5 being strongly agree. The question stem stated ''When I prepare to exercise…'' which was then followed by four items on the scale: ''I do it without having to consciously remember'', ''I do it automatically'', ''I do it without thinking'', and ''I start before I realize I am doing it''. | Baseline, week four, week eight | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exercise, Habit, MVPA, M-PAC, Automaticity, Physical Activity