Interactive Digital Game for Improving Visual Perceptual Defects in Children With Developmental Disability

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Visual perceptual defects in children can negatively affect their activities of daily living.The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate an interactive digital game system for correcting visual perceptual defects and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Official Title
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Interactive Digital Game for Improving Visual Perceptual Defects in Children With Developmental Disability: Evaluation of Efficacy and User Satisfaction

Conditions
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Developmental Disability

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Visual-perceptual interactive game system
* Behavioral: standard rehabilitation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Record of developmental disability diagnosis Ability to understand instructions TVPS-3 score lower than 25% of the norm reference and diagnosis of visual perceptual defect Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-3rd Edition score higher than 70 Exclusion Criteria: Did not follow or understand the instructions for participating in the study Had severe defects in vision, hearing, etc.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 4 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Digital game group<br>The digital game group received the standard 4-week course of rehabilitation but with an additional 30-min interactive digital game training session per week. | Device: Visual-perceptual interactive game system<br>* Subjects received 30-min interactive digital game training session per week. The game system contain 7 skills training, each of which was named according to the corresponding TVPS-3.<br>Behavioral: standard rehabilitation<br>* Subjects received the standard 4-week course of rehabilitation delivered in one 30-min session per week. The course of rehabilitation included: sensory integration therapy, cognitive function training and visual perception/auditory attention training.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Standard rehab group<br>The standard rehab group received the standard 4-week course of rehabilitation delivered in one 30-min session per week. | Behavioral: standard rehabilitation<br>* Subjects received the standard 4-week course of rehabilitation delivered in one 30-min session per week. The course of rehabilitation included: sensory integration therapy, cognitive function training and visual perception/auditory attention training.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Test of Visual Perceptual Scale-3(TVPS-3) | TVPS-3 is a standardized and norm-referenced task for children age 4-13 years that uses a response format suitable for all children, including those with disabilities. It includes subtasks of visual discrimination, visual memory, visual-spatial relationships, form constancy, visual sequential memory, figure ground, and visual closure (Martin et al., 2006). Each of the seven subtests has 16 items of varying difficulty. Therefore, the test has 112 total questions. | 4 weeks | 
| User satisfaction survey | The 20-item questionnaire content was divided into five themes: perceived ease of use (6 questions), perceived usefulness (4 questions), perceived joyfulness (4 questions), satisfaction (3 questions), and continued use (3 questions). Questionnaire items were answered on a Likert scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). | 4 weeks | 
| Test of the visual-perceptual interactive game system | The digital game test had 7 subtests, and each subtest had 10 questions. Based on the seven-item rules of TVPS-3, 1 point was assigned to each question, for a score of 10 points for each subtest, and a total score of 70. | 4 weeks |