Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To the investigators' knowledge, no study has looked at differences in postoperative pain when comparing maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The investigators' hypothesis is that total intravenous anesthesia with propofol will lead to less postoperative pain in the first 24 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane, desflurane or sevoflurane. PURPOSE To find out if maintenance of anesthesia with propofol leads to less postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane, desflurane, or sevoflurane.

Official Title
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Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Anesthesia With Isoflurane, Desflurane, Sevoflurane or Propofol

Conditions
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Postoperative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Desflurane
* Drug: Sevoflurane
* Drug: Isoflurane
* Drug: Propofol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patient ages 18-64 American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status I, II or III Inpatients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Ben Taub General Hospital Exclusion Criteria: Open cholecystectomy - excluded due to increased levels of pain in open procedures Scheduled for ambulatory surgery Renal dysfunction (Serum Cr > 1.2) - excluded due to potential altered metabolism of anesthetic and pain medications Allergy to any of the study medications or anesthetic agents Chronic opioid analgesic use at home - excluded due to potential difficulty in assessing pain caused by the procedure alone Patient inability to properly describe postoperative pain to investigators (language barrier, dementia, delirium, psychiatric disorder) Patient or surgeon refusal

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 64 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Desflurane<br>General Anesthesia with Desflurane | Drug: Desflurane<br>* Patient induced for general anesthesia as per standard protocol and maintenance of anesthesia provided with Desflurane<br>|
| Active Comparator: Sevoflurane<br>General Anesthesia with Sevoflurane | Drug: Sevoflurane<br>* Patient induced for general anesthesia as per standard protocol and maintenance of anesthesia provided with Sevoflurane<br>|
| Active Comparator: Isoflurane<br>General Anesthesia with Isoflurane | Drug: Isoflurane<br>* Patient induced for general anesthesia as per standard protocol and maintenance of anesthesia provided with Isoflurane<br>|
| Active Comparator: Propofol<br>General Anesthesia with Propofol | Drug: Propofol<br>* Patient induced for general anesthesia as per standard protocol and maintenance of anesthesia provided with intravenous Propofol infusion<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Measured on Verbal Scale of 0-10 | Pain measured on verbal scale of 0-10, with 0 being absolutely no pain, and 10 being the worst pain in that subjects life. | 24 hours |