Seum Bile Acid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes and Association Between Bile Cid Profile and Adipokine or Oxidative Stress

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this work is to critically test the hypothesis that there exists a different profile of bile acids (BAs) in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with normal controls. Through confirmation of different profile of BAs in T2DM, investigator will suggest modulation of specific bile acids as a new possible treatment target in patients with T2DM. Investigator also expect the specific BAs signature will be used to screen T2DM before hyperglycemia. In addition, investigator will evaluate the association between each BA species and serum total glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF-19) concentrations to determine if the specific BAs profile is related with total GLP-1 or FGF-19 concentration in serum. Investigatr also evaluates the correlation between each BA species and metabolic profiles and oxidative stress marker to find possible roles of each BA component in glucose metabolism.

Conditions
-----------------
Type 2 Diabetes, Prediabetes, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic Syndrome

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: pre-diabetes 1. defined according to the ADA guideline (prediabetes definition) FPG 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) to 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) (IFG) or 2-h PG in the 75-g OGTT 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) to 199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L) (IGT) or A1C 5.7-6.4% (39-46 mmol/mol) type 2 diabetes 1. defined according to the ADA guideline (DM definition) FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or 2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) in the 75-g OGTT or A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or 2. taking any anti-diabetic medications Normal control 1. should not be included in other groups as above and 2. not taking any medication related to diabetes and dyslipidemia and 3. BMI <25kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: subjects who refused to agree with informed consents subjects with organ-transplantation pregnant women type 1 diabetes -

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 1) Normal control<br>metabolically healthy with no obesity | |
| 2) prediabetes<br>defined in 'inclusion criteria' | |
| 3) type 2 diabetes<br>defined in 'inclusion criteria' | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| bile acid profile | Bile acids profile to predict T2DM will be measured using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | 8h fasting blood sample | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, bile acids profile, GLP-1, FGF-19