Interactive Program for Effective Playground Supervision

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of the Playground supervision clinical trial is to see if playground management skills are improved, after implementing the school-wide behavior management program.

Detailed Description
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The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that over 200,000 children every year are admitted to emergency rooms due to playground related injuries sustained at school. The National Association for Playground Safety recommends not only improving surface materials and equipment, but also improving adult supervision of children while at play. Yet, there are limited empirical studies in the literature that have examined the impact of a comprehensive training program to improve playground safety by improving supervisor knowledge and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive, stand-alone interactive multimedia computer-based training program for elementary school faculty to implement a school-wide behavior management program for playground environments. To do this, a randomized control trial comparing the experiences of playground supervisors, students, and staff from schools of a large urban school district was carried out. School was both the unit of randomization and the unit of analysis. The comparisons were measured by pre, post and follow-up assessments conducted by the investigators. Results suggest significant positive differences due to treatment in knowledge, beliefs and attitudes for playground supervisors, students, and staff.

Official Title
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Interactive Program for Effective Playground Supervision

Conditions
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Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: school staff in elementary schools (grades K-5) must be in the included school district for Las Vegas, NV. Exclusion Criteria: schools outside of the Las Vegas school district middle schools junior high schools high schools

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Supervisor Treatment Group<br>Supervisors watched the CD intervention | Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program<br>* Treatment school playground supervisors were show the CD intervention. Control school playground supervisors were given a video on playground equipment safety. All school staff subjects were assessed before the intervention and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. Students were assessed before the intervention, and then 45 days and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. School Administrators were assessed before the intervention, and then 30 and 60 days after the supervisor intervention - school administrators at treatment schools had access to a treatment binder with CDs and worksheets, while the control school administrators did not.<br>* Other names: A Guide to Playground Management;|
| Experimental: Administrators - Treatment<br>School administrators got access to the intervention binder with CD's, workbook and worksheets | Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program<br>* Treatment school playground supervisors were show the CD intervention. Control school playground supervisors were given a video on playground equipment safety. All school staff subjects were assessed before the intervention and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. Students were assessed before the intervention, and then 45 days and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. School Administrators were assessed before the intervention, and then 30 and 60 days after the supervisor intervention - school administrators at treatment schools had access to a treatment binder with CDs and worksheets, while the control school administrators did not.<br>* Other names: A Guide to Playground Management;|
| Experimental: Students<br>3rd grade students at participating study schools | Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program<br>* Treatment school playground supervisors were show the CD intervention. Control school playground supervisors were given a video on playground equipment safety. All school staff subjects were assessed before the intervention and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. Students were assessed before the intervention, and then 45 days and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. School Administrators were assessed before the intervention, and then 30 and 60 days after the supervisor intervention - school administrators at treatment schools had access to a treatment binder with CDs and worksheets, while the control school administrators did not.<br>* Other names: A Guide to Playground Management;|
| Experimental: Supervisor Control Group<br>Supervisors watched a video on playground equipment safety | Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program<br>* Treatment school playground supervisors were show the CD intervention. Control school playground supervisors were given a video on playground equipment safety. All school staff subjects were assessed before the intervention and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. Students were assessed before the intervention, and then 45 days and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. School Administrators were assessed before the intervention, and then 30 and 60 days after the supervisor intervention - school administrators at treatment schools had access to a treatment binder with CDs and worksheets, while the control school administrators did not.<br>* Other names: A Guide to Playground Management;|
| Experimental: Administrators - Control<br>Administrators did not have access to any treatment materials. | Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program<br>* Treatment school playground supervisors were show the CD intervention. Control school playground supervisors were given a video on playground equipment safety. All school staff subjects were assessed before the intervention and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. Students were assessed before the intervention, and then 45 days and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. School Administrators were assessed before the intervention, and then 30 and 60 days after the supervisor intervention - school administrators at treatment schools had access to a treatment binder with CDs and worksheets, while the control school administrators did not.<br>* Other names: A Guide to Playground Management;|
| Experimental: School Staff<br>School staff surveyed at staff meetings | Behavioral: On the Playground behavior management program<br>* Treatment school playground supervisors were show the CD intervention. Control school playground supervisors were given a video on playground equipment safety. All school staff subjects were assessed before the intervention and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. Students were assessed before the intervention, and then 45 days and 75 days following the supervisor intervention. School Administrators were assessed before the intervention, and then 30 and 60 days after the supervisor intervention - school administrators at treatment schools had access to a treatment binder with CDs and worksheets, while the control school administrators did not.<br>* Other names: A Guide to Playground Management;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Improved playground management skills for treatment schools |  | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Supervisors: Improved knowledge, attitude, intentions and efficacy in implementing effective playground management. |  | 6 months | 
| Administrators: increased knowledge and attitudes about playground safety when compared to control schools. |  | 6 months | 
| Students: Increased perception of playground safety compared to control schools |  | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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behavior management, academic performance, playground supervision, harm reduction, Behavioral Research