Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Organisms In Urinary Tract Infections

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Urinary tract infection is among the most common nosocomial and community acquired infections. The Information on prevailing levels of antimicrobial resistance among common pathogens that associated with urinary tract infection is useful in making an appropriate choice of empiric therapy .Resistance to antibiotic treatment in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a representative example of the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has emerged as an important mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Urinary tract infection is among the most common nosocomial and community acquired infections. The Information on prevailing levels of antimicrobial resistance among common pathogens that associated with urinary tract infection is useful in making an appropriate choice of empiric therapy . Resistance to antibiotic treatment in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a representative example of the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has emerged as an important mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) significantly reduces the efficacy of the most commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics for the empiric therapy of infections caused by putative Gram-negative . Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) is derived from the mutated beta-lactamase enzyme, Beta-lactamase is an enzyme produced by bacteria that acts to inactivate beta-lactam class of antibiotics . Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase is most commonly produced by the Enterobacteriaceae group, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. ESBL-producing bacteria can also be resistant to the antibiotics class of aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The presence of ESBL-producing bacteria in an infection can result in treatment failure. Antibiotic resistance causes a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment, increases transmission of infection, increases mortality, and increases the cost of health care, while the discovery of new antibiotics is getting less and less

Official Title
-----------------
Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Organisms In Urinary Tract Infections

Conditions
-----------------
Urinary Tract Infections

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: This study will be conducted on a group of patients who are diagnosed that have urinary tract infections Exclusion Criteria: The cases that do not give bacterial growth .
Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The aim of this study is to indicate the spread of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing gram negative bacteria ( that isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections based on their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents ) | This study will be conducted on a group of patients who are diagnosed that have urinary tract infections . Methods of the study: Antibiotic susceptibility will be examined on disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) . The zones of growth inhibition around each of the antibiotic disks are measured to the nearest millimeter | through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| The aim of this study is to indicate the spread of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing gram negative bacteria ( that isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections based on their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents ) | This study will be conducted on a group of patients who are diagnosed that have urinary tract infections . Methods of the study: Antibiotic susceptibility will be performed by automated method Vitek -2 system that measured by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) . | through study completion, an average of 1 year |