HSCT For Patients With High Risk Hemoglobinopathies Using Reduced Intensity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will evaluate the use of reduced intensity conditioning regimen in patients with high risk hemoglobinopathy Sickle Cell and B-Thalassemia Major in combination with standard immunosuppressive medications, followed by a routine stem cell transplant in order to assess whether or not it is as effective as myeloablative high dose chemotherapy and transplant.

Detailed Description
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Standard myeloablative regimens are toxic to non-hematopoietic tissue and are associated with treatment related mortality and morbidity (TRM). Preparative regimens that are not myeloablative are associated with a greatly decreased incidence of TRM. In addition to providing a less toxic regimen, the reduced intensity chemotherapy preparative regimen also remains immunosuppressive enough to allow donor engraftment. Recent report of non-myeloablative regimens which resulted in engraftment of allogeneic stem cell in hematological malignancies raises the possibility that this conditioning regimen might be useful in achieving engraftment in non hematological disorder. In an effort to achieve stable engraftment with any suitable donor stem cell source and to minimize toxicity the investigators have developed a new reduced intensity conditioning regimen for high risk hemoglobinopathies with the main aim of significantly suppressing the recipient's immune system and facilitate engraftment. Non-myeloablative or reduced-intensity immunosuppressive preparative regimens have achieved a stable, mixed chimerism engraftment and successful allogeneic bone marrow transplants.

Official Title
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ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION (HSCT) IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES LIKE SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND β-THALESSEMIA-MAJOR USING REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING REGIMEN

Conditions
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Sickle Cell Disease, Beta Thalassemia-Major

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: alemtuzumab (Campath IH)
* Drug: Fludarabine
* Drug: Melphalan
* Drug: Cyclosporine
* Drug: Mycophenolate mofetil
* Drug: Tacrolimus
* Biological: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patient Inclusion Criteria for Sickle Cell Disease Patients at least one year of age to less than or equal to 21 years of age with (Sickle Cell Disease-SS or Sickle Cell-S-β-Thalassemia and with one or more of the following disease complications: Development of stroke on chronic transfusion protocol. Allosensitization on chronic transfusion therapy Impaired neuropsychological function and abnormal MRI scan Abnormal Transcranial Doppler studies Acute chest syndrome (2 to 3 episodes of acute chest syndrome in last 3 to 4 years). Ferritin level < 1500 mg/ml Recurrent painful priapism; 3-4 episodes/year requiring intervention. Recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis of at least 3 to 4 episodes/year. Osteonecrosis of multiple bones with documented destructive changes. Signed informed consent Patients physically and psychologically capable of undergoing transplantation and a period of strict isolation. Ferritin < 1500 Liver Iron Concentration < 6mg/g Patient Inclusion Criteria for β Thalassemia major Patients less than or equal to 21 years of age with B- Thalassemia major on routine monthly transfusion protocol or with one or more of the following complications; Hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy revealing evidence of portal fibrosis as A) Mild B) Moderate Ferritin level≤ 1500ng/ml Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) < 6mg/g Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion Criteria for Both Sickle Cell and β Thalassemia Major Patient HIV positive result confirmed by Western Blot. Pregnancy (Pregnancy testing for females of child-bearing age will be performed and those with a positive serum β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin will be excluded) and lactating females. Creatinine greater than two times the upper limit of normal for the laboratory, Pulmonary disease with FVC, FEV1 or DLCO parameters < 50% predicted (corrected for hemoglobin) or stage 3 or 4 sickle lung disease. Cardiac insufficiency or coronary artery disease requiring treatment Active infection requiring systemic antibiotic therapy with antibacterial, antifungal or antiviral agents Lansky performance score <70%- (Appendix B) Acute hepatitis/biopsy evidence of cirrhosis. Pulmonary Hypertension

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Reduced Intensity Regimen<br>Administration of reduced doses of alemtuzumab (Campath-IH) IV 3mg test dose on Day -20 followed by daily dose of 10mg/dose on Day -19 to Day -17 for patients <10yrs or a daily dose of 15mg/dose on Day -19 to Day -17 for patients > 10yrs. Fludarabine 35mg/m2 daily for 4 days on Day -7 to Day -4. Melphalan 70mg/m2 daily for 2 days on Day -3 and Day -2. On Day -1 Cyclosporine OR Tacrolimus will be initiated along with Mycophenolate Mofetil as a graft vs host disease prophylaxis. On Day 0 the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) matched or mismatched Hematopoietic Stem Cells from either the related or unrelated donor will be infused. | Drug: alemtuzumab (Campath IH)<br>* Alemtuzumab (Campath IH) is given daily over first 4 days, Day -20 to Day -17<br>* Other names: Campath-IH;Drug: Fludarabine<br>* Fludarabine 35/m2 is given daily over 4 days on Day -7 to Day -4.<br>Drug: Melphalan<br>* Melphalan 70mg/m2 is given daily over 2 days on Day -3 to Day -2.<br>Drug: Cyclosporine<br>* Immunosuppressant to prevent graft vs host disease is given on Day -1 prior to stem cell infusion<br>Drug: Mycophenolate mofetil<br>* Immunosuppressant to prevent graft vs host disease is given on Day -1.<br>Drug: Tacrolimus<br>* Immunosuppressant to prevent graft vs host disease is given Day -1 prior to stem cell infusion<br>Biological: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation<br>* Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) matched or mismatched; related or unrelated hematopoietic stem cells to be transplanted on Day 0.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants With Sustained Cell Engraftment of Donor Cells | Sustained stem cell engraftment of donor cells will be evaluated by chimerism (FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization OR VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats), based on recipient/donor gender, at 30 days, 100 days, 6 months and 1 year following the use of reduced intensity conditioning. | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of Treatment Related Mortality and Morbidity | Patients will be evaluated for incidence and severity of graft versus host disease, infection, and cardiopulmonary complications. | 2 years | 
| Event Free Survival; Number of Participants Who Survived at 2 Years | 29 participants will be evaluated for Event Free Survival. | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen