Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Doripenem in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study hypothesis is to measure how the drug doripenem is cleared from the body of critically ill trauma patients. The investigators will measure blood drug concentrations and calculate how much the drug distributes in the body and how fast it is removed from the body. There is little information on how drugs are cleared in critically ill patients and the wrong dose of a drug could make it ineffective. The investigators will use this information to predict the most reasonable dose to treat infections effectively in these patients.

Detailed Description
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Understanding the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of an antibiotic can provide insight into developing appropriate dosing regimens. It is even more imperative at the present time to maximize PK/PD parameters since there are no new novel antimicrobial agents to treat resistant gram-negative infections. This approach allows us to achieve superior PD parameters and treat bacteria that would have been resistant to standard dosing due to higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Doripenem exhibits time-dependent bactericidal activity and the pharmacodynamic parameter predicting clinical and bacteriologic outcomes is the percentage of the dosing interval that free drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) of the infecting pathogen Sepsis is known to influence drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as a result of changes in hemodynamics, capillary permeability, third spacing, acid-base status, serum proteins, and organ function. Moreover, trauma patients tend to be younger with fewer comorbidities. They are hypermetabolic and are often given aggressive fluid resuscitation resulting in increased renal clearance of drugs and a larger volume of distribution. As a consequence of these differences in PK parameters, the calculated PD parameters will likely differ resulting in sub-optimal T> MIC. For time-dependent antibacterial agents such as doripenem, the T > MIC is one of the most important pharmacodynamic parameters in predicting clinical efficacy, therefore it is imperative to evaluate the PK parameters in this particular population.

Official Title
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Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Doripenem in Critically Ill Trauma Patients With Sepsis at Grady Health System

Conditions
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Sepsis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Doripenem


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients are 18 years of age or older Admitted to Emory surgical intensive care unit (ICU) service Have a diagnosis of sepsis that requires empiric antimicrobial therapy Obtained written informed consent from the patient or a first-degree relative if the patient is unable to give informed consent due to his/her medical condition prior to initiation of any study procedure Exclusion Criteria: Surgical ICU length of stay less than 24 hours Acute or chronic renal dysfunction (urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr or calculated creatinine clearance of less than 50 mL/min) Pregnancy Known allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics Non-English-speaking patients

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Doripenem group<br>Patients will receive doripenem for the treatment of their infection | Drug: Doripenem<br>* Doripenem 1 gm administered over 4 hours X 3 doses<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Volume of Distribution (Vd) | The Volume of distribution is the calculated volume that the given amount of drug is uniformly distributed in the body to achieve a particular concentration | After 3rd dose of study medication | 
| Clearance (CL) | Clearance is the volume of drug removed from the body per unit of time (hrs). | After 3rd dose of study medication | 
| Elimination Constant (ke) | The elimination rate constant of a drug from the central compartment | after 3rd dose of study drug | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Doripenem, Trauma, sepsis, Trauma patients with sepsis