Impact of Covid-19 on Rhinovirus Epidemic

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Rhinovirus (RV) has long been known as the main etiological agent of common colds among children and adults. Indeed, RV is involved in more than 50% of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), mostly characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat and cough. RV can also cause mild to severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) such as acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia and exacerbations of underlying chronic lung diseases. RV circulates worldwide, especially in temperate climate zones (i.e. many areas of the USA and Europe) and is responsible for annual outbreaks from early fall to the end of spring. The covid-19 pandemic in 2020 seemed to interfere with the usual seasonal epidemics. For example, the winter Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) epidemic in Lyon, France, was delayed for several months and reduced by half in terms of incidence of hospitalization cases. This can be explained by the widespread deployment of barrier gestures and social distancing measures, known as non pharmacological interventions (NPI). However, the Covid-19 pandemic doesn't seem to have the same reducing impact on Rhinovirus epidemic. A better understanding of viral interactions and factors influencing RV epidemiology as well as the identification of populations at greater risk are required to improve preventive strategies and reduce the burden of Rhinovirus.

Official Title
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Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Rhinovirus

Conditions
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Rhinovirus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: epidemiology
* Other: epidemiology


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Child hospitalized at the  Hopital Femme Mere Enfant , Lyon, France Positive rhinovirus-PCR Exclusion Criteria: - parent's refusal to participate

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 1 Year

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Pre Covid 19 cohort<br>Infants hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the  Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant , Lyon, France with a RT-PCR positive for Rhinovirus from 17th March 2019 to 16th March 2020. | Other: epidemiology<br>* To review medical records to describe diagnosis and severity of the disease.<br>* Other names: Medical record analysis;Other: epidemiology<br>* To compare pre and per Covid-19 epidemics in terms of numbers of admissions and proportion of severe disease.<br>* Other names: Comparison of cohorts;|
| Per Covid 19 cohort year 1<br>Infant hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the  Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant , Lyon, France with a RT-PCR positive for Rhinovirus from 17th March 2020 to 16th March 2021. The need to recruit patients for an additional per-covid year (from 17th March 2021 to 16th March 2022) will be evaluated after the data from the first 2 years of recruitment are available. | Other: epidemiology<br>* To review medical records to describe diagnosis and severity of the disease.<br>* Other names: Medical record analysis;Other: epidemiology<br>* To compare pre and per Covid-19 epidemics in terms of numbers of admissions and proportion of severe disease.<br>* Other names: Comparison of cohorts;|
| Per Covid 19 cohort, year 2<br>Infants hospitalized in the Pediatric Department of the  Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant , Lyon, France with a RT-PCR positive for Rhinovirus from 17th March 2021 to 16th March 2022. The need to recruit patients for this additional cohort will be evaluated after the data from the first 2 years of recruitment are available and analyzed. | Other: epidemiology<br>* To review medical records to describe diagnosis and severity of the disease.<br>* Other names: Medical record analysis;Other: epidemiology<br>* To compare pre and per Covid-19 epidemics in terms of numbers of admissions and proportion of severe disease.<br>* Other names: Comparison of cohorts;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evolution of the number of children hospitalized for a Rhinovirus-infection in the period of pre Covid-19 pandemic. | Description of number of clinical picture cases for pre-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic year. | From one year before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic until the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic | 
| Evolution of the number of children hospitalized for a Rhinovirus-infection in the period of per-Covid-19 pandemic. | Description of number of clinical picture cases for per-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic year. | From the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic until one year latter | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Rhinovirus epidemic, SARS-CoV2/Rhinovirus interaction, Children, Non-pharmacological-interventions, Bronchiolitis, Asthma, Pneumonia, Fever, Meningitis, Rhinovirus infection in children less than 1 years of age