The Effects of Virtual Reality/ Augmented Reality Usage on Oral Care Knowledge in Nursing Students

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality usage on oral care knowledge in nursing students. The participants were randomly assigned to virtual-reality experimental and control groups. The students in experimental group received a 30 minutes virtual reality (VR) training for elderly oral health care at the second week and the fourth week after the first time survey. All students self-administrated questionnaire three times at first date of consent form signed, immediately after each of the intervention for period of two weeks. Linear regression in generalized estimating equations (GEE) compare the differences between both groups.

Detailed Description
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A total of 50 first-year to third-year undergraduate nursing students were included from the Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. The students were randomly assigned divided at random into two groups, control (n = 25) and experimental (n = 25).

Official Title
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The Effects of Virtual Reality/ Augmented Reality Usage on Oral Care Knowledge in Nursing Students

Conditions
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Virtual Reality, Oral Care, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Virtual Reality Usage on Oral Care Knowledge


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: undergraduate freshman, sophomore, and junior nursing students those volunteered to participate in this study Exclusion Criteria: students with known negative effects of using VR devices, such as nausea, vomiting, etc. those under 20 years of age who had not obtained the consent of a legal representative to participate in this study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Virtual Reality group<br>Each participant in the experimental group received a 30 minutes of individualized VR-based simulation education in a dedicated oral skills training room. | Other: Virtual Reality Usage on Oral Care Knowledge<br>* Virtual Reality Usage on Oral Care Knowledge about independent older adults<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>The control group only received repeated questionnaires and did not receive any education about geriatric oral hygiene. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Knowledge of geriatric oral hygiene scale | There were 10 items to evaluate the participants' knowledge of the geriatric oral hygiene scale Each item had three response options: true, false, and unknown. The total score ranged from 0 to 10 and a higher score indicated a higher level of knowledge of geriatric oral hygiene. | through study completion, an average of 4 weeks | 
| Attitudes of geriatric oral hygiene scale | The attitudes of geriatric oral hygiene scale included seven items. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The total score ranged from 5 to 35 and a higher score indicated a positive attitude toward geriatric oral hygiene. | through study completion, an average of 4 weeks | 
| Self-efficacy of geriatric oral hygiene scale | The self-efficacy of geriatric oral hygiene scale included ten items. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) and the higher score was for a higher level of self-efficacy of geriatric oral hygiene, vise versa. The total score ranged from 5 to 50. | through study completion, an average of 4 weeks | 
| Behavioral intention of geriatric oral hygiene scale | The behavioral intention scale of the geriatric oral hygiene included ten items. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with a higher score indicated a higher level of the behavioral intention of geriatric oral hygiene. The total score ranged from 5 to 50. | through study completion, an average of 4 weeks |