Expert System and Family Assisted Interventions for Chinese Smokers

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, we choose to specifically recruit Chinese, the largest ethnic group of the Asian and Pacific Islander community,2 as an initial step to increase our understanding of the role of family or supportive others in the process of smoking cessation among Asian Americans. We propose the following specific aims for the study: Examine the effectiveness of proactive recruitment of Chinese smokers into a smoking cessation treatment program through their family or friends. Test the efficacy of a family assisted intervention using the stages of change approach in promoting smoking cessation in the context of an expert system intervention. Explore the role of supportive and non-supportive behaviors in relation to both short-term and long-term smoking cessation outcomes in the presence of the expert system intervention.

Detailed Description
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Limited empirical data are available on effective intervention approaches targeting Chinese American smokers. The overall goal of this study is to increase our understanding of the role of family or social support in the facilitation of the process of smoking cessation among Chinese smokers. We propose the following specific aims for the study: 1) Examine the effectiveness of proactive recruitment of Chinese smokers into a smoking cessation treatment program through their family or friends; 2) Test the efficacy of a family assisted intervention using the stages of change approach in promoting smoking cessation in the context of an expert system intervention; 3) Explore the role of supportive and non-supportive behaviors in relation to both short-term and long-term smoking cessation outcomes in the presence of the expert system intervention. This study will develop a family-assisted intervention in the form of a self-help booklet based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) that will aim at teaching the supporters how to use the stages of change framework to apply different strategies that best match with smokers' readiness to quit smoking. This study will conduct focus groups and a pilot study to pre-test the study intervention and study procedures. The main randomized trial will recruit a total of 800 supporters and 800 smokers who are ethnic Chinese residing in the State of California. Each supporter-smoker pair will be randomly assigned to either 1) the expert system intervention only or 2) the expert system plus family-assisted intervention condition after baseline assessment by mail. All smokers in either condition will receive the expert system intervention. Half of the supporters will receive family-assisted intervention materials. All participants will be assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months by mail or telephone. It is hypothesized that the expert system plus family-assisted intervention condition will yield significantly higher abstinence rates and higher portions to report quit attempts at follow-ups.

Official Title
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Expert System and Family Assisted Interventions for Chinese Smokers

Conditions
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Smoking Cessation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Expert System Only
* Behavioral: Family Assisted


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: self-identified ethnic Chinese men and women above age 18 can read and speak Chinese or English reside in the State of California at baseline to participate as a supporter, the participant must have a targeted smoker who meet the smoker eligibility criteria who provides consent to participate in the study as a smoker participant to participate as a smoker, the participant must have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime and have smoked at least 5 cigarettes in the past 7 days, and have a supporter who provides consent to be a supporter participant Exclusion Criteria: smoker participant currently engage in other smoking cessation programs or efforts

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 1<br>Expert system (stage-based manual and 3 individualized tailored feedback reports) only for smokers, paired-supporters (family or friend participant) do not receive any study intervention | Behavioral: Expert System Only<br>* expert system intervention only to the smoker participants which includes a stage-based manual and a series of 3 individualized tailored feedback report at baseline, 3, and 6 months. The paired-supporters receive assessments only and no intervention.<br>|
| Experimental: 2<br>Expert system (stage-based manual and 3 individualized tailored feedback report) to all the smoker participants; a family assisted intervention in a form of a self-help booklet that discusses specific strategies to work with smokers at each stage of change to the paired-supporters | Behavioral: Family Assisted<br>* The smoker participants received an expert system intervention (same intervention for those in the Expert system intervention) which includes a stage-based manual and a series of 3 individualized tailored feedback report at baseline, 3, and 6 months. The paired-supporters will receive a a self-help booklet based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) that will aim at teaching the supporters how to use the stages of change framework to apply different strategies that best match with smokers' readiness to quit smoking.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| self-report 7-day smoking abstinence |  | 12 months, 18 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| self-report of at least a 24-hour quit attempt |  | 12 months, 18 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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smoking cessation, Asian, Chinese American, family support, social support, stage-based intervention