Nurses' Negative Words and Postoperative Pain Management

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Psychological implications expressed pivotal effects on daily activities. Postoperative pain management is always encountered varying influence from the ambience of surgical wards, especially the nurses. We hypothesized that nurses' negative or positive words would produce unexpected role in pain management, which might be a strong factor resulting in the failure of postoperative analgesia.

Official Title
-----------------
Influence on Pain Management of Nurses' Negative Words After Total Hysterectomy

Conditions
-----------------
Postoperative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: No Words
* Behavioral: Positive words
* Behavioral: Partially Negative Words
* Behavioral: Totally Negative Words


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Chinese Abdominal Surgery > 18yr < 65yr Female Administration of postoperative analgesia Patient-controlled analgesia Exclusion Criteria: With cardiac or/and pulmonary diseases Allergy to Opioids > 20% alteration in vital signs Unwilling to finish the follow-up process Respiratory depression > = 65yr = < 18yr Non-Chinese

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 64 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: 1<br>No Words was delivered during the PCA management | Behavioral: No Words<br>* Without any words was given during pain management<br>* Other names: NW;|
| Active Comparator: 2<br>Positive words was delivered as a positive control group during the therapy of the pain with PCA | Behavioral: Positive words<br>* Positive words was given to PCA pain management patients at different time point,i.e. 3h, 6h, 12h and 18h.<br>* Other names: PW;|
| Active Comparator: 3<br>Partially negative words was delivered during the PCA pain management | Behavioral: Partially Negative Words<br>* Partially negative words was given during PCA pain management at different time point,i.e. 3h, 6h, 12h and 18h.<br>* Other names: PNW;|
| Active Comparator: 4<br>Totally negative words was delivered during the PCA pain management | Behavioral: Totally Negative Words<br>* Totally negative words was given during PCA pain management at different time points, i.e. 3h, 6h, 12h and 18h<br>* Other names: TNW;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analog Scale of Pain |  | 0h to 48h after operation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Morphine consumption; VAS sedation; VAS satisfaction; Side effects; Patient's overall conditions |  | 0-48h after surgeries | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Psychological Tests, Pain, Postoperative, Nurses