Evaluation of a Binaural Spatialization Method for Hearing Aids

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study investigates the possible benefits of using binaural spatialization techniques in digital wireless microphone systems for hearing aids. Speech intelligibility tests, speaker localization tests and preference tests are performed. The results of a diotic (current rendering) and a binaural (suggested rendering) rendering are compared.

Detailed Description
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The signal processing laboratory (LTS2) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) has developed a new feature of sound rendering in hearing aids. This is a collaboration between EPFL and the Swiss company Phonak Communications AG. The new functionality works with the range of Roger products from Phonak, a new generation of FM systems that use a digital transmission. FM technology refers to a type of wireless system that helps people better understand speech in noisy situations. FM systems commonly work together with a user's hearing aids, although systems are also available for those with otherwise normal hearing (such as people who suffer from APD, ADHD etc.). An FM system works like this: the person speaking wears or holds a transmitter microphone, or the transmitter is placed in the middle of the group (picking up speech from all around). Using harmless radio waves, the FM system sends speech signal(s) to the listener, who wears a tiny FM receiver behind the ear. The new feature of such systems performs processing of the speaker's speech signal so that it renders information related to their spatial location. This so-called sound spatialization is a natural property of the human binaural auditory system, which allows us to localize sounds. However, this sound spatialization is not delivered by the current FM systems. Thanks to the new technology from EPFL and Phonak, it is now possible to include a binaural spatialization of the speech signal in the Roger product of Phonak hearing devices.

Official Title
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Evaluation of a Binaural Spatialization Method for Hearing Aids, in Terms of Speech Intelligibility, Speaker Localization and Subjective Preference.

Conditions
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Hearing Aids


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria French-native speakers and adults. Normal otoscopy. No conductive pathology. Normal hearing, or moderate to severe, sloping or flat, symmetrical hearing loss. User of bilateral Phonak hearing aids, for more than 6 months (hearing-impaired only). Exclusion Criteria: History of tinnitus or hyperacusis. Visual impairment, after correction with glasses or not. History of chronic or terminal illness or psychiatric disturbance,. History of epilepsy or other reactions associated with the proximity to a video screen.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Normal hearing<br>People showing no hearing loss (< 20 dB HL). Introduction of speech signal via the DAI of two hearing aids Phonak Naida IX SP. | Device: Hearing Aids<br>* The only intervention consists in applying a specific processing on some recorded speech signals, and comparing the performance obtained with such processed samples with ones that have not been processed. The applied processing is a binaural spatialization method that consists in filtering an original audio signal to get a left and right versions (for the two ears). The binaural rendering gives the impression that the speech signal (and thus the speaker) is located in a desired position in the environment.<br>* Other names: Hearing instruments;|
| Experimental: Moderate hearing impaired<br>Patients showing moderate hearing loss (40-60 dB HL). Introduction of speech signal via the DAI of two hearing aids among: PhonakAudéo V-13 Phonak Baseo Q-P, Q-SP, Q-M13 Phonak Bolero Q-P, Q-SP, Q-M13, Boléro V-P, V-SP Phonak Naida Q-CRT, Q-SP, Q-UP Phonak Sky Q-RIC, Q-SP, Q-UP, Q-M13 Phonak Ambra microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Cassia microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Dalia microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Naida S SP, S UP, S CRT Phonak Solana microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Certéna micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro Phonak Exélia micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro Phonak Milo Plus micro, Plus SP, Plus UP Phonak Naida SP, SP Junior, UP, UP Junior Phonak Nios micro, S H20 Phonak Versata micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro | Device: Hearing Aids<br>* The only intervention consists in applying a specific processing on some recorded speech signals, and comparing the performance obtained with such processed samples with ones that have not been processed. The applied processing is a binaural spatialization method that consists in filtering an original audio signal to get a left and right versions (for the two ears). The binaural rendering gives the impression that the speech signal (and thus the speaker) is located in a desired position in the environment.<br>* Other names: Hearing instruments;|
| Experimental: Severe hearing impaired<br>Patients showing severe hearing loss (60-80 dB HL). Introduction of speech signal via the DAI of two hearing aids among: PhonakAudéo V-13 Phonak Baseo Q-P, Q-SP, Q-M13 Phonak Bolero Q-P, Q-SP, Q-M13, Boléro V-P, V-SP Phonak Naida Q-CRT, Q-SP, Q-UP Phonak Sky Q-RIC, Q-SP, Q-UP, Q-M13 Phonak Ambra microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Cassia microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Dalia microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Naida S SP, S UP, S CRT Phonak Solana microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Certéna micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro Phonak Exélia micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro Phonak Milo Plus micro, Plus SP, Plus UP Phonak Naida SP, SP Junior, UP, UP Junior Phonak Nios micro, S H20 Phonak Versata micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro | Device: Hearing Aids<br>* The only intervention consists in applying a specific processing on some recorded speech signals, and comparing the performance obtained with such processed samples with ones that have not been processed. The applied processing is a binaural spatialization method that consists in filtering an original audio signal to get a left and right versions (for the two ears). The binaural rendering gives the impression that the speech signal (and thus the speaker) is located in a desired position in the environment.<br>* Other names: Hearing instruments;|
| Experimental: Profound hearing impaired<br>Patients showing profound hearing loss (> 80 dB HL). Introduction of speech signal via the DAI of two hearing aids among: PhonakAudéo V-13 Phonak Baseo Q-P, Q-SP, Q-M13 Phonak Bolero Q-P, Q-SP, Q-M13, Boléro V-P, V-SP Phonak Naida Q-CRT, Q-SP, Q-UP Phonak Sky Q-RIC, Q-SP, Q-UP, Q-M13 Phonak Ambra microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Cassia microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Dalia microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Naida S SP, S UP, S CRT Phonak Solana microP, SP, M H20 Phonak Certéna micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro Phonak Exélia micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro Phonak Milo Plus micro, Plus SP, Plus UP Phonak Naida SP, SP Junior, UP, UP Junior Phonak Nios micro, S H20 Phonak Versata micro, Art M, Art P, Art SP, Art micro | Device: Hearing Aids<br>* The only intervention consists in applying a specific processing on some recorded speech signals, and comparing the performance obtained with such processed samples with ones that have not been processed. The applied processing is a binaural spatialization method that consists in filtering an original audio signal to get a left and right versions (for the two ears). The binaural rendering gives the impression that the speech signal (and thus the speaker) is located in a desired position in the environment.<br>* Other names: Hearing instruments;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Speech Intelligibility | Speech recognition score (%) For each group: average of the SRS over all subjects in the group. The SRS correspond to the number of understood words in a sequence of sentences (French HINT database) mixed with several level of masking noise (speech-shaped noise). Some are played diotically, the other are spatialized in various directions. The goal is to ensure that the spatialization processing does not degrade the understanding of the speech. | 1 day of the experiment | 
| Speaker's Localization | Localization error (in number of spatial sectors) For each group: average localization error over all subjects in the group. It is the difference between the actual spatial sector and the one reported by the listeners. There were 5 spatial sectors, and 9 possible locations. For instance: if the stimuli is played in sector 4, and the listener perceives it in 2, then the localization error is |4-2| = 2. The goal is to compare the localization error in 3 conditions: 1/ with no hearing aids (reference of natural localization) and no spatialization 2/ with hearing aids and standard fittings and no spatialization, and 3/ with spatialization applied. | 1 day of the experiment | 
| Listener's Subjective Preference | Listeners compare two audiovisual stimuli (diotic and spatialized) and Indicate their preference between binaural diotic (no spatialization), spatialized stimuli, or no preference. Results are given as the percentage of participant for the 3 possible answers in each group. | 1 day of the experiment |