Impact of Inulin on Production of Phenolic Acids From Tomato Onion and Lovage Soup

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is an acute human bioavailability study in self-reported healthy participants aged 20-70 years old. The investigators hypothesize that combination of polyphenolics from a soup rich in rutin and quercitin and the non-digestible carbohydrate (NDC) inulin will increase the production of phenolic acids by bacteria in the human colon and these will be detected in urine. Participants will attend for three arms in a randomized order: Tomato, onion and lovage soup (high polyphenol food), Inulin (NDC) or Mixture of tomato, onion and lovage soup and inulin. During each feeding study, urine, blood and stool samples will be collected at regular intervals for the duration of 24 hrs after consumption of test food. Participants will be asked to follow a low polyphenol diet for 2 days prior to the feeding study.

Detailed Description
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Polyphenol rich plant foods have been associated with several health benefits but their bioavailability is generally low. The majority of plant polyphenols are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and enter the colon where the colonic microbiota metabolise them to release a range of phenolic acids, which are now thought to be the main bioactive components related to the reduction in disease risk. Very little is known about the impact of other constituents of the diet on the metabolism and bacterial catabolism of these polyphenols. Colonic bacteria are key agents in the release of the bioactive molecules from polyphenols but also ferment non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) such as inulin to short chain fatty acids. It is likely that there are key interactions in the colonic bacterial metabolism of NDC and phenolics. The investigators hypothesize that combination of polyphenolics (in onions, tomatoes and lovage) with inulin (NDC) will increase the urinary output of bioactive phenolic acids.

Official Title
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Impact of Inulin on Production of Phenolic Acids From Tomato Onion and Lovage Soup

Conditions
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Healthy Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Tomato, onion & lovage soup with inulin
* Dietary Supplement: Tomato, onion & lovage soup
* Dietary Supplement: Inulin


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: • Self-reported healthy adults Exclusion Criteria: Antibiotic use within the last 3 months Identified gastro-intestinal diseases On prescribed medication other than the contraceptive pill Pregnant or breastfeeding. Diagnosed as anaemic Allergic to paracetamol or any food

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Acute human bioavailability studies with a cross-over design. Subjects will be given a soup or drink in one of three combinations Tomato onion and lovage soup Inulin Mixture of tomato onion and lovage soup with inulin
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Tomato, onion & lovage soup with inulin<br>One dose of tomato (300g), onion (100g) & lovage (20g) with 10g inulin will be given to subjects in the form of a soup | Dietary Supplement: Tomato, onion & lovage soup with inulin<br>* Source of polyphenols and non digestible carbohydrate<br>|
| Experimental: Tomato, onion & lovage soup<br>One dose of tomato (300g), onion (100g) & lovage (20g) will be given to subjects in the form of a soup | Dietary Supplement: Tomato, onion & lovage soup<br>* Source of polyphenols<br>|
| Experimental: Inulin<br>One dose of 10g inulin will be given to subjects in the form of a drink | Dietary Supplement: Inulin<br>* Source of non digestible carbohydrate<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Phenolic acids bioavailability | Urine excretion of phenolic acids (µg) will be measured with GC-MS | 0-24 hrs | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Glycaemic measurements | Plasma glucose (mmol/L), insulin (mU/L) will be measured by commercial kits | 0-8 hrs | 
| Appetite hormones measurements | Appetite hormone (PYY) levels in plasma (pg/mL) will be measured by commercial Elisa kit | 0-8 hrs | 
| Mouth to caecum transit time | Mouth to caecum transit time (in hours/mins) will be calculated from sustained rise in breath hydrogen level measurements by hydrogen monitor | 0-8 hrs | 
| Gastric emptying time | Gastric emptying time (in hours/mins) will be estimated using kinetics of plasma paracetamol levels measured by acetaminophen assay kits | 0-6 hrs | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Polyphenols, Dietary fibre, Phenolic acids, Bioavailability