Residual Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Individuals Recovered From COVID-19 Infection: A Survey From Pakistan

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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There remains scarcity of literature regarding the patient's health status post-COVID-19 infection. This study analyzes the prevalence of residual symptoms and quality of life (QoL) after COVID-19.

Detailed Description
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An anonymous online survey was administrated in Pakistan from November 2020 to April 2021 in COVID-19 survivors. The questionnaire used the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess mental and physical QoL. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore factors associated with mental and physical QoL scores. A total of 331 COVID-19 survivors participated in our survey. Around 42.0% of the cohort reported within 1-3 months of diagnosis of COVID-19. The common residual symptoms were body aches (39.9%), low mood (32.6%), and cough (30.2%). Better physical QoL was associated with being male (adjusted beta: 3.328) and having no residual symptoms (6.955). However, suffering from nausea/vomiting during initial COVID-19 infection (-4.026), being admitted to the ICU during COVID-19 infection (-9.164), and suffering from residual body aches (-5.209) and low mood (-2.959) was associated with poorer QoL. Better mental QoL was associated with being asymptomatic during initial COVID-19 infection (6.149) and post-COVID (6.685), while experiencing low mood post-COVID was associated with poorer mental QoL (-8.253 [-10.914, -5.592]). Despite presumed recovery from COVID-19, patients still face a wide range of residual symptoms months after initial infection, which contributes towards poorer QoL. Healthcare professionals must remain alert to the long-lasting effects of COVID-19 infection and aim to address them appropriately to improve patients' QoL.

Official Title
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Residual Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Individuals Recovered From COVID-19 Infection: A Survey From Pakistan

Conditions
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COVID-19 Pandemic, COVID-19 Respiratory Infection, COVID-19 Lower Respiratory Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Residual Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Individuals Recovered from COVID-19 Infection: A Survey from Pakistan


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Tested negative for COVID-19 when enrolled in the study COVID-19 negative for at least 6 months Exclusion Criteria: Still Positive for COVID-19 tested one week ago COVID-19 negative for less than 6 months
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: Residual Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Individuals Recovered from COVID-19 Infection: A Survey from Pakistan|An anonymous online survey was administrated in Pakistan from November 2020 to April 2021 in COVID-19 survivors. The questionnaire used the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess mental and physical QoL. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore factors associated with mental and physical QoL scores.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Residual Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Individuals Recovered from COVID-19 Infection: A Survey from Pakistan | The questionnaire used the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess mental and physical QoL. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore factors associated with mental and physical QoL scores. | November 2020 to April 2021 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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COVID-19, Residual Symptoms, Quality of Life