Blood Gas and Bleeding Disorders in Healthy Volunteers Exposed to Nitroglycerin and Nitrogen Compounds

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship about blood gas and bleeding disorders in healthy volunteers of blasters and no blasters groups of the Italian National Mountain and Cave Rescue who handled nitrogen compounds and nitroglycerine and then they were exposed to combustion products from an accidental uncontrolled detonation of micro-charges during a cave unblocking procedure.

Detailed Description
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This was a field report of clinical data collected during an accidental uncontrolled detonation of micro-charges, while the cave unblocking procedure was performed by volunteers of blaster group and non blasters group of the Italian National Mountain and Cave Rescue, in a cave in Trieste (Italy; altitude entrance: 348 meters above sea level; total length: 413,5 meters; total depth of 307 meters). Before going into the cave (Time 0), the following clinical data were collected: age, sex, body mass index; smoke (yes/no), heart rate, arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure), oxygen saturation measured with pulse oxymetry, epitympanic temperature, blood gases analyses and the haemostasis measures. After the accidental uncontrolled detonation of micro-charges, (Time 1) heart rate, arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation measured with pulse oxymetry, epitympanic temperature, blood gases analyses and the haemostasis measures were recorded in each volunteers.

Official Title
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Blood Gas and Bleeding Disorders in Healthy Volunteers Exposed to Nitroglycerin and Nitrogen Compounds of Blasting Gelatin: a Field Report During a Cave Accident

Conditions
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Disorder of Blood Gas, Bleeding Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Arterial blood gas analyses and haemostasis measures


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy volunteers of Italian National Mountain and Cave Rescue Exclusion Criteria: gas exchange disorders quantitative abnormalities of coagulation assessment qualitative abnormalities of coagulation assessment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Blasters group<br>The volunteers of the blasters group of Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue handled explosive with nitrogen compounds and nitroglycerin of micro-charges, before the accidental uncontrolled detonation. | Diagnostic Test: Arterial blood gas analyses and haemostasis measures<br>* Under aseptic conditions, a puncture of radial artery was performed: three mL of the arterial blood sample were used for the haemostasis measure, while one mL was tested for the blood gases analysis.<br>|
| Not blasters group<br>The volunteers of the blasters group of Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue did not handle explosive with nitrogen compounds and nitroglycerin of micro-charges, before the accidental uncontrolled detonation. | Diagnostic Test: Arterial blood gas analyses and haemostasis measures<br>* Under aseptic conditions, a puncture of radial artery was performed: three mL of the arterial blood sample were used for the haemostasis measure, while one mL was tested for the blood gases analysis.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline arterial blood gases analysis at 2 hours | Under aseptic conditions, a puncture of radial artery was performed: one mL was tested for the blood gases analysis, by using i-STAT analyser. | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave | 
| Change from baseline haemostasis analysis at 2 hours | Under aseptic conditions, a venipuncture was performed: three mL of blood sample were used for the haemostasis measure, by using Rotational Thromboelastometry | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from Baseline heart rate at 2 hours | Haert rate was recorded by using a multiparametric monitor | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave | 
| Change from baseline arterial blood pressure at 2 hours | Arterial blood pressure was recorded by using a multiparametric monitor | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave | 
| Change from baseline pulse oxymetry at 2 hours | Pulse oxymetry was recorded by using a multiparametric monitor | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave | 
| Change from baseline epitympanic temperature at 2 hours | Epitympanic temperature was measured by using epitympanic probe | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Arterial blood gas, Coagulation, Nitrogen compounds