The Body's Response to Food Intake in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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We propose to critically evaluate the effects of energy-yielding fluids and solids on acute appetite variables, daily food intake, and specific endocrine and metabolic response to food in the elderly. The results of these studies will provide further evidence to support that nutrition may provide safe and effective non-pharmacological therapies to counter the compromised regulation of energy balance experienced by many elderly people.

Conditions
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Elderly

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Fluid Supplement
* Dietary Supplement: Solid Supplement


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age range: 60 years and older Body mass index between 20-29 kg/m2 Weight stable (< 2 kg weight change within last 6 months) Non-smoking Constant habitual activity patterns within last 3 months Clinically normal blood profiles (specifically, normal liver and kidney function; normal complete blood count (non-anemic); fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl) Not taking medications known to influence appetite or metabolism Non-diabetic Resistive exercise training (≤2 times a week) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire) Active fitness level (≤3, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week) Confirmation of acceptability of eating the study test foods (solids and fluids) Exclusion Criteria: Age: <60 years Body mass index: outside of the 20-29 kg/m2 range Gained or lost > 4.5 kg within the last 6 months Smoker (currently or within the last year) Intermittently been involved in a diet and/or exercise program within the last 3 months Clinically abnormal blood profiles as identified by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD Taking medications (currently or within the last 3 months) known to influence appetite or metabolism Abnormal heart function (interpreted by a cardiologist) and assessed (for study exclusion) by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD Clinically diagnosed as diabetic Did not perform resistive exercise training (currently or within the last 3 months) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire) Perform ≥ 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week (currently or within the last 3 months) based on physical activity levels (questionnaire) Study foods are found to be unacceptable for consumption by the subject

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 1<br>Participants will maintain current physical activity and take a fluid supplement. | Dietary Supplement: Fluid Supplement<br>* The fluid food items will contain 25% of each individual's total energy intake estimated from the gender-specific Harris Benedict equation*1.5 activity factor, volume, and amount and type of macronutrients<br>|
| Experimental: 2<br>Participants will maintain current physical activity and take a solid supplement. | Dietary Supplement: Solid Supplement<br>* The solid food items will contain 25% of each individual's total energy intake estimated from the gender-specific Harris Benedict equation*1.5 activity factor, volume, and amount and type of macronutrients<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantify the acute effects of fluid and solid foods on post-prandial (post-meal) appetite and food intake at the next eating occasion in untrained older men and women |  | 3 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantify the contribution of selected satiety factors (glucose, insulin, CCK, ghrelin, and GLP-1) and post-prandial energy expenditure to the differential appetitive responses to fluid versus solid foods in untrained older men and women |  | 3 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Evaluate the effects of energy-yielding fluids and solids endocrine and metabolic response to food in the elderly