The Evaluation of Mozart Music on Pain and Respiratory Rate After Thyroidectomy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To investigate the effect of Mozart music on postoperative pain and physiological parameters in patients after total thyroidectomy.

Detailed Description
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Postoperative pain is a major concern in postsurgical patients. Meanwhile, there is a general consensus on minimizing the use of analgesic drugs in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. Therefore, alternative methods need to be investigated in order to reduce postoperative pain. Although the clinical importance of music has been recognised in other pathological situations, further research is needed to investigate the effect of music on postoperative pain.

Official Title
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The Evaluation of Mozart Music on Pain and Respiratory Rate After Thyroidectomy

Conditions
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Postoperative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Mozart music


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adults scheduled for total thyroidectomy under general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: Visual impairments Hearing impairments Severe anxiety or other psychiatric disorders History of chronic pain Past complications during anesthesia or surgery American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status beyond II

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants were assigned to two groups. One group underwent a music intervention postoperatively, while the other received only usual postoperative care (control group).
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Music Group<br>Patients received music intervention and usual postoperative care. | Other: Mozart music<br>* A 20-minute piece composed by W.A Mozart ( Sonata K. 448 in D Major for 2 pianos) was applied in music group, directly after the arrival of patients in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), while they were receiving usual postoperative care.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Patients received only postoperative usual care. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postoperative Pain | Postoperative Pain was measured with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). This is a straight horizontal line of fixed length, usually 100 mm. The ends of the line are defined as the extreme limits of the measured parameter (pain). Specifically, the left end signifies the complete absence of pain and the right end represents the worst possible pain. Patients were asked to rate their pain by indicating a point on the straight line. Higher VAS scores mean more pain intensity. The more is the reduction of VAS score from the baseline measurement, the better is the outcome. | Change of VAS was evaluated; from the beginning (time of arrival at the PACU, baseline), to the middle (10 minutes after surgery), to the end of the music intervention (20 minutes after surgery) at the PACU and to 2 hours after surgery in the ward. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Blood pressure was measured by a patient's monitor. | Change of blood pressure was evaluated during the first postoperative day. | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate was measured by a patient's monitor. | Change of heart rate was evaluated during the first postoperative day. | 
| Respiratory rate | Respiratory rate was measured by a care provider. | Change of respiratory rate was evaluated during the first postoperative day. | 
| Oxygen saturation | Oxygen saturation was measured by a patient's monitor. | Change of oxygen saturation was evaluated during the first postoperative day. |