Intracardiac Flow Remodeling in Athletes

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The uncertainty concerning the onset and the extent of cardiac remodeling in response to intensive training hinders medical evaluation by physician. A better knowledge of the physiology of cardiac adaptation to training will enable physicians to correctly determine whether observed patterns of cardiac remodeling are physiological or pathological. This prospective study proposes to assess in a trained-athlete population the cardiac remodeling in response to intensive exercise training. This study is observational, we do not interfere with athlete's training.

Official Title
-----------------
Intracardiac Flow Remodeling in Athletes

Conditions
-----------------
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: electrocardiogram and echocardiography


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age > 18yrs old Ability to give written consent for participating in the study Exclusion Criteria: Age < 18yrs old Cardiac diseases, arterial hypertension, cardiac devices, diabetes, renal, liver or pulmonary failure

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Athletes<br>Professional and amateur athletes examined during the medical follow-up at the medical sport centre of Caen University Hospital. The medical examination consists in a clinical exam, an electrocardiogram and an echocardiography. | Other: electrocardiogram and echocardiography<br>* We retrieved all electrocardiograms and echocardiography made during the clinical examination of each athlete and each sedentary control. Standard 12 lead ECG Trans-thoracic echocardiography examination of cardiac function, morphology and intracardiac flow.<br>|
| Sedentary controls<br>Sedentary patients assessed in the cardiology unit with a normal heart function. The medical examination consists in a clinical exam, an electrocardiogram and an echocardiography. | Other: electrocardiogram and echocardiography<br>* We retrieved all electrocardiograms and echocardiography made during the clinical examination of each athlete and each sedentary control. Standard 12 lead ECG Trans-thoracic echocardiography examination of cardiac function, morphology and intracardiac flow.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of ventricular response to exercise training by echocardiography. | 2D- morphological and functional parameters of both left and right ventricles: end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (cm) left ventricular mass (g) ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic areas (cm²) ventricular ejection fraction (%) atrial volumes (ml) diastolic indices by pulsed wave Doppler and tissue Doppler (cm/s) myocardial deformation by speckle tracking (%) 3D- morphological and functional parameters of both left and right ventricles: ventricular full volumes (ml) ejection fraction (%) Intracardiac flow measurements by color Doppler M-mode: estimation of intra ventricular pressure gradients between the base and the apex (mmHg). | Day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of ventricular response to exercise training by electrocardiogram | heart rate (bpm), ventricular hypertrophy (mV) atrial remodeling (mV) | Day 1 | 
| Sport and medical history questionnaire | exercise training program, medical past history, cardiovascular risk factors, treatments, doping. | Day 1 | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
echocardiography, intraventricular pressure gradients, cardiac remodeling, athletes