Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Subjects

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is being done to measure the number of brain cells that grow in the brain throughout our lives while determining an effective way to complete this with an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanner. The number of these brain cells may be affected by cocaine use. Researchers are trying to understand the long-term effects of cocaine use on the brain.

Detailed Description
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New neurons are generated through the process of neurogenesis. Although most active during pre-natal development, neurogenesis persists throughout the human lifespan. In adulthood, neurogenesis occurs predominantly in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. A highly novel methodology using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has recently been developed to measure the formation of hippocampal newborn stem cells in the human brain. We propose to assess Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) in the neuropsychiatric disorder cocaine dependence, a chronic disease process associated with pathology of the hippocampus and impaired neurogenesis. In addition, we will assess other measures associated with neurogenesis, including hippocampal (dentate gyrus) cerebral blood volume (CBV) using Vascular-Space-Occupancy (VASO) Magnetic Resonance Imaging. We predict that newborn hippocampal cells [or neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs] will be attenuated in recently using cocaine-addicted participants relative to abstinent and control participants, and that these changes will be paralleled by changes in CBV. In this pilot study, we will assess for these changes in cocaine-addicted subjects who are actively using cocaine and those who are recently abstinent (three to six months) as well as age-, race-, and gender-similar control participants.

Official Title
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Subjects (Pilot Study)

Conditions
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Cocaine Addiction

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Cocaine-dependence (patient population) or no cocaine-dependence (control population) Exclusion Criteria: Other medical or psychiatric disorders that may effect neural functioning Medications that may effect neural functioning

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Control<br>Healthy control group. No history of substance abuse or dependence. | |
| Actively using patients<br>Participants actively using cocaine. | |
| Abstinent Patients<br>Participants who have been abstinent from cocaine use for 3-6 months. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assess Neural Progenitor Cells | A 1 hour Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to determine the presence of newborn hippocampal neurons in using and abstinent cocaine addicts | within 3 weeks of screening physical | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hippocampal cerebral blood volume | Measure cerebral blood flow during an hour long Vascular-Space-Occupancy (VASO) Magnetic Resonance Imaging to assess production of hippocampal cells | within 3 weeks of screening physical | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cocaine, Neurogenesis, Addiction, MRI, MRS