Cortical Excitability and Role of rTMS in Nicotine Use Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cortical excitability and role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in nicotine use disorder. Estimation of cortical excitability in heavy smoker patients and determination of role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for reducing nicotine craving.

Detailed Description
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Nicotine is one of the main components of cigarettes and affects the central nervous system mainly via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It has further effects on neuromodulation by regulating the release of dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and adrenaline. In studies, it has been shown that nicotine improves attention and working memory in animals and humans, while nicotine withdrawal leads to reduced working and verbal memory capacity in otherwise healthy tobacco smokers. In schizophrenics and patients suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, nicotine improves cognitive performance. A likely basis of the nicotinic effects on cognitive functions is its effect on cortical excitability and activity. Here, neurophysiological studies mainly base on animal experiments and have shown in vitro that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors elicit neuronal depolarisation by inducing transmembrane cationic inward currents (Calcium), thus being involved in induction and modulation of neuroplasticity and cortical excitability. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown positive results in the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and more recently addiction. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation uses alternating magnetic fields to induce electric currents in the cortical tissue. Low-frequency as one hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is believed to inhibit neuronal firing in a localized area and is used to induce virtual brain lesions. High-frequency as more than three hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is believed to be excitatory in nature and can result in neuronal depolarization under the stimulating coil. However, the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are not limited to the site of stimulation and can induce changes in distant interconnected sites of the brain, and consequently may influence subcortical regions.

Official Title
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Cortical Excitability and Role of rTMS in Nicotine Use Disorder

Conditions
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Nicotine Use Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1 )patients must be 18 to 50 years of age. 2) heavy smokers (daily cigarettes consumption of more than 20 pieces.) Exclusion Criteria: cardiac pacemaker. metal implants in the head. Renal diseases

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: cortical excitability in smokers<br> | Device: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>* Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cortical excitability in smokers and non smokers<br>|
| Active Comparator: cortical excitability in nonsmokers<br> | Device: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>* Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cortical excitability in smokers and non smokers<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Comparison of cortical excitability between smoker and non smoker | Comparison of cortical excitability between smoker and non smoker :The primary motor cortex served as model, and cortical excitability was monitored via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). | 24 month |