Factors Impacting the Prevalence of MDR Bacteria

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance bacteria in patient with different infections To evaluate patients' predictive risk factors of antimicrobial resistance To assess the association between patients' factors and prevalence of MDR bacteria

Detailed Description
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Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most critical public health issue in this century . WHO declared antimicrobial resistance as one of the top ten global health threats that impend the effective management and prevention of evolving infections . Antimicrobial resistance nowadays poses a big challenge because of the emerging of resistance to the antibiotics that previously effective and development of multidrug resistance infections with subsequent increase in morbidity, mortality and financial loss . In spite of WHO health strategies that taken to face multidrug resistance problem, the burden of antimicrobial resistance in Europe is compared with combined burden of influenza and HIVS .while in USA the estimated antibiotics resistance infections is 2.8 millions and the related deaths exceeded 35,000 every year and expected to reach to ten million deaths with collective cost of 100 trillion USD annually in 2050 . Numerous studies reported that self-medications, improper prescription, overuse of antibiotics, deficiency of antibiotics susceptibility test and limited knowledge and attitude of population towards antibiotics are the main factors that lead to antibiotics efficacy being reduced with long hospital stay. Other studies stated that the predictive indicators of MDR tragedy are age, gender, comorbidities, previous hospital stay or antibiotic use . In low and middle income countries like IRAQ there is a difficulty in estimation the scope of antibiotics resistance problem and its evolving over time due to the lack of surveillance, besides alarmingly excessive antibiotics consumption added other challenges and urged us to aim this study .

Official Title
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Evaluation of the Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Its Association With Patients' Predictive Factors

Conditions
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Multi-antibiotic Resistance

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients who were screened for MDR bacteria patients who accepted to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: patients with no growth media patients who cannot communicated
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of multidrug resistance bacteria in isolated patient specimen | proportion of MDR bacteria that detected in isolated specimen | based line value (zero months) | 
| Association of patient's factors with prevalence of multidrug resistance Bacteria. | exploring the association between patient's factors and the prevalence of MDR bacteria by multivariate analysis | based line value (zero months) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of Methicillin resistance staph. Aureus (MERSA) | proportion of participants with MERSA bacteria that detected in isolated specimen | based line value (zero months) | 
| Prevalence of vancomycin (-resistant Enterococci VRE) | proportion of participants with VRE bacteria that detected in isolated specimen | based line value (zero months) | 
| Prevalence of extended spectrum β lactamase producers (ESBL) | proportion of participants with ESBL bacteria that detected in isolated specimen | based line value (zero months) | 
| Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward antibiotic use | the score indicator of KAP through a module of KAP survey by 20 categorized questions the knowledge is individual understanding about antibiotic resistance the attitude is the perceptions and beliefs that respondents (+),(-) perceive towards antibiotic resistance the practice is the observable actions of individual towards antibiotic use | based line value (zero months) | 
| Risk factors for antibiotic resistance | asses patient's predictive factors and their role in prevalence of multidrug resistance bacteria | based line value (zero months) |