Factors Influencing the COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Response According to Age and Presence or Not of a Past History of COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Age is the main risk factor associated with the severity of COVID-19. From the beginning of the vaccination campaign, elderly subjects are part of the priority population. However, immunosenescence appears to play a role in the natural post-COVID-19 immunity of convalescent elderly subjects and also in the post-vaccination response. However, vaccination recommendations for both naïve (2 doses of vaccine) and convalescent subjects (1 dose of vaccine) do not differ according to age. To date, there is little data to suggest that the response to the vaccine in naïve or convalescent subjects may vary according to age in terms of qualitative and quantitative response and duration.

Detailed Description
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In addition, the reactogenicity following the vaccine, remains important with COVID-19 vaccines, whether using an Messenger RiboNucleic Acid (mRNA) technique or an adenovirus vector technique. A better understanding of the parameters of early inflammatory response explaining this reactogenicity would allow to optimize the formulation of future vaccines. There are still several unknowns concerning the post-vaccination immune response (immunogenicity and reactogenicity) in older subjects,depending on their history of COVID-19 and the type of vaccine administered. A better understanding of this immune response is necessary in order to propose the best vaccine strategies and regimens in this high-risk COVID-19 population. Thus, in partnership with Sanofi Pasteur and Bioaster, the Group On Mucosal Immunity And Pathogens (GIMAP) and Circulating Immune Complexes (CIC) vaccinology team proposes to conduct a study comparing the humoral, cellular, mucosal and reactogenic post-vaccination immune response in subjects with a history of COVID-19 >3 months ago (convalescent, 1 dose of vaccine) versus subjects with no history of COVID-19 (naive, 1 or 2 doses of vaccine depending on the type of vaccine used) according to age.

Official Title
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Factors Influencing the COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Response (Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity) According to Age and Presence or Not of a Past History of COVID-19

Conditions
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Covid19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer (2 doses)
* Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer (1 dose)
* Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (2 doses)
* Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (1 dose)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: For the group with a past history of COVID-19 (convalescents)= subject within ≥ 3 months after infection For the NO past history of COVID-19 (naives), subject with no known history of COVID-19 Patient affiliated or entitled to a social security plan Patients who have received informed information about the study and who have co-signed a consent to participate in the study with the investigator Exclusion Criteria: Immunocompromised or under immunosuppressive treatment Subject with a history of COVID hospitalized in intensive care Subject allergic to one of the components of the vaccines used in the study subject vaccinated for COVID-19 Subject with persistent symptoms of COVID-19 (long COVID) Subjects with unstable chronic pathology Persons deprived of liberty, hospitalized without consent Pregnant or breastfeeding woman

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: convalescent participants PFIZER<br>Participants with prior history of COVID-19 in ≥3 months, virologically confirmed and vaccinated by anti-covid19 Pfizer vaccine | Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer (1 dose)<br>* A longitudinal analysis of the immune response post COVID-19 vaccine will be performed with a close immunomonitoring<br>|
| Experimental: Naive participants PFIZER<br>Participant without past history of COVID-19 and vaccinated by anti-covid19 Pfizer vaccine | Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer (2 doses)<br>* A longitudinal analysis of the immune response post COVID-19 vaccine will be performed with a close immunomonitoring<br>|
| Experimental: convalescent participants MODERNA<br>Participants with prior history of COVID-19 in ≥3 months, virologically confirmed and vaccinated by anti-covid19 Moderna vaccine | Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (1 dose)<br>* A longitudinal analysis of the immune response post COVID-19 vaccine will be performed with a close immunomonitoring<br>|
| Experimental: Naive participants MODERNA<br>Participant without past history of COVID-19 and vaccinated by anti-covid19 Moderna vaccine | Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (2 doses)<br>* A longitudinal analysis of the immune response post COVID-19 vaccine will be performed with a close immunomonitoring<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anti-S neutralizing antibody titer | The neutralizing antibody titer against protein S from the majority variants at the time of sampling and vaccine S will be evaluated in viral neutralization and pseudoneutralization | At 15 days after the last dose of vaccine | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kinetic of Anti-S antibody titer | The antibody titer against protein S will be evaluated by ELISA | At 15 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after the last dose of vaccine | 
| Kinetic of Anti-N antibody titer | The antibody titer against protein N will be evaluated by ELISA | At 15 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after the last dose of vaccine | 
| Kinetic of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin A (IgA) titers in saliva |  | At 15 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after the last dose of vaccine | 
| Kinetic of SARS-CoV-2 quantiferon value |  | At 15 days, 3, 6 and 12 months after the last dose of vaccine | 
| CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte polarization specific to the vaccine S protein | Evaluate by TruCulture (Myriad) methode | At 15 days after the last dose of vaccine | 
| Anti-S neutralizing antibody titer | The neutralizing antibody titer against protein S from the majority variants at the time of sampling and vaccine S will be evaluated in viral neutralization and pseudoneutralization | At 3, 6 and 12 months after the last dose of vaccine | 
| Kinetic of serum cytokine levels |  | At 24 and 72 hours after each dose of vaccine | 
| Kinetic of C-reactive protein |  | At 24 and 72 hours after each dose of vaccine | 
| Kinetic of vaccine-induced genes signatures | Expression kinetics in foldchange (transcriptomics) of vaccine-induced gene signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells | At 24 and 72 hours after each dose of vaccine | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 natural immunity, age