Endometrial Evaluation in Cases of Postmenopausal Bleeding

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this prospective observational study is to evaluate abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women using 3D(dimensional) ultrasound assessment of endometrial volume .Doppler assessment of endometrium and hysteroscopy and to correlate this finding with pathological finding of endometrial biopsy

Detailed Description
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Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined as vaginal bleeding occurring after twelve months of amenorrhoea, in a woman of the age where the menopause can be expected. Hence it does not apply to a young woman, who has had amenorrhoea from anorexia nervosa, or a pregnancy followed by lactation. However, it can apply to younger women following premature ovarian failure or premature menopause, Postmenopausal bleeding is a common problem representing 5% of all gynaecology outpatient attendances. postmenopausal bleeding is usually the first symptom of endometrial cancer and active intervention can lead to its early detection. So, there is need of a diagnostic tool with high accuracy for detection of endometrial pathology in most efficient and least invasive method possible. Endometrial sampling is the gold standard for diagnosing abnormalities in the endometrial tissues ,however . There is a growing trend to use noninvasive procedures such as TVS, to measure the endometrial thickness, diagnose adenomyosis, endometrial polyps .Another important ability of 3D TVS is volume calculation using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) even in irregularly shaped structures. This method has been demonstrated to be more accurate than 2D-volume estimation . • Hysteroscopy has the advantage of directly visualizing the uterine cavity and the endometrium, allowing biopsy to be taken immediately from the suspected abnormality.

Official Title
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Endometrial Evaluation in Cases of Postmenopausal Bleeding Using Three Dimensional Ultrasound , Power Doppler Angiography and Office Hysteroscopy in Correlation to Pathological Findings .

Conditions
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Postmenopausal Bleeding

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: ultrasound


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women Age > 45 years with postmenopausal uterine bleeding Exclusion Criteria: Women with bleeding disorders or coagulopathy women with cervical cancer or breast carcinoma . history of tamoxifen intake women with fibroid .

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: ultrasound|to evalute abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women using 3D(dimensional) ultrasound assessment of endometrial volume .Doppler assessment of endometrium and hysteroscopy and to correlate this finding with pathological finding of endometrial biopsy|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| accuracy of 3d ultrasound in post menopausal bleeding | to evalute women with postmenpausal uterine bleeding using three dimensional ultrasound assessment of endometrial volume | 6months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| comparison between hysteroscopy and ultrasound in post menopausal bleeding | to compare hysteroscopy with ultrasound | 6months |