Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontitis and Mortality: 30-year Cohort Study From Sweden

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Smoking and dual using associated with poor periodontal health.

Detailed Description
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Aim: To investigate how snuff use, smoking and risk behaviour affect periodontal health and mortality in a Swedish cohort, hypothesizing that they indeed have a poor impact and increase the risk of death. Material and methods: Study cohort of 1080 subjects aged 31 to 40 years (528 men and 552 women) from Stockholm area was clinically examined in 1985 and followed for mortality until 2015. Associations between periodontal health parameters, snuff use, smoking and age of death were analysed by classifying all subjects into four groups: dual-users (current snuffers and current smokers); pure snuffers (current non-smoking snuffers); pure smokers (current non-snuffing smokers) and non-users (non-snuffers, non-smokers). SPSS was used for analyses.

Official Title
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Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontitis and Mortality: 30-year Cohort Study From Sweden

Conditions
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Tobacco Use, Periodontitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Qestinnaires


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: In 1985-1986 a sample was selected from the registry file of all inhabitants of the Stockholm area, of people born on the 20th of any month from 1945 to 1954.The sample comprised 3200 people. They were informed about the purpose of the study and called for clinical investigation. 1681 (52.5%) individuals, 840 men and 841 women, participated in the study. Subjects had different socio-economic and health backgrounds. Exclusion Criteria: Other people. Any disease was not an exclusion criteria.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 31 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: Qestinnaires|Questionnaires|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Deep periodontal pockets (5mm or over) | Periodontal pockets were measured from all teeth and from six surfaces with a Hu-Friedy (PCPUNC 15) periodontal probe (Hu-friedy, Chicago, Ill., USA). | 1985 | 
| Calculus index | Calculus index was scored from 0 (no calculus) to 3 (abundant calculus) according to Greene & Vermillion. | 1985 | 
| Missing teeth | Missing teeth were calculated my dentist in clinical examination. | 1985 | 
| Premature death | The Swedish National Death Register listing the cumulated causes of all deaths was used in the analyses. | From year 1985 to year 2015 | 
| Plaque index | Plaque index was scored from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundant plaque). | 1985 | 
| Gingival index | Gingival index was scored from 0 (no gum bleeding) to 3 (abundant gum bleeding). | 1985 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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mortality, oral hygiene, periodontitis, smokeless tobacco, tobacco