Apolipoprotein (APO)E Genotype, Meal Fatty Acids, Postprandial Lipaemia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Abnormalities in the concentration and/or composition of lipoproteins (the lipid carrying particles), in particular low density lipoproteins (LDL) in circulation, is one of the most important physiological defects contributing to the development of CVD. The LDL cholesterol (LDLC) response to fatty acid change is in part mediated by the APOE genotype, with E4 individuals (25% of the UK population) being most responsive to changes in dietary fats, showing greater reductions when low levels of saturated fats or fish oils are consumed and greater increases when high levels of these fats are consumed. Therefore the aims of the present study is to understand the mechanism that regulates the higher LDLC response associated with saturated fatty acids and fish oil consumption in healthy men prospectively recruited based on their APOE genotype.

Official Title
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Effects of Meal Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Lipaemia in Men According to APOE Genotype

Conditions
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Cardiovascular Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: High saturated fat meal
* Dietary Supplement: Saturated fatty acids and fish oil meal
* Dietary Supplement: High unsaturated fat meal


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Gender Male Age 18-70 years Body Mass Index (BMI) < 32 kg/m2 Plasma triglycerides 1-4 mmol/l Plasma cholesterol < 8 mmol/l Glucose < 7 mmol/l Haemoglobin > 11 g/dl ApoE E3/E3, E3/E4 Exclusion Criteria: Blood pressure > 200/95 mmHg Had suffered a myocardial infraction or stroke in previous 2 years. Diabetes mellitus Liver disease Other endocrine disorders Unstable angina Familial hyperlipidaemia Any dietary restrictions or an a weight reducing diet On fatty acid supplements e.g. evening primrose oil or fish oils Vigorous exercise e.g. competitive athletes ApoE2/E2, apoE2/E3 and apoE2/E4 Any other parameter on which the investigators felt an individual was unsuitable

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: High saturated fat meal<br> | Dietary Supplement: High saturated fat meal<br>* Volunteers consumed a single test meal breakfast containing 53 g of fat, of which 50 g was substituted for saturated fats.<br>|
| Experimental: Saturated fatty acid and fish oils meal<br>Equivalent to two portions of oily fish | Dietary Supplement: Saturated fatty acids and fish oil meal<br>* Volunteers consumed a single test meal breakfast containing 53 g of fat, of which 50 g was substituted for saturated fats and fish oil. The dose of fish oils was equivalent to two portions of oily fish.<br>|
| Active Comparator: High unsaturated fat meal<br>Provided a fatty acid profile representative of a typical UK diet | Dietary Supplement: High unsaturated fat meal<br>* Volunteers consumed a single test meal breakfast containing 53 g of fat, of which 50 g was substituted for unsaturated fats. It provided a fatty acid profile representative of a typical UK diet.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Impact of APOE genotype and dietary fat composition in plasma lipids |  | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiovascular disease risk factors |  | 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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apoE, fatty acids, cardiovascular disease, genotype