Dietary Acid Load During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Dietary habits resembling Western style, rich in animal protein and poor in fruit and vegetables, increase the body acid load, a predictor of type 2 diabetes risk. Recently, the studies related to relationships between dietary acid load and insulin resistance has become a growing interest but there are only a few study conducted with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between dietary acid load in second trimester, blood lipid profiles and GDM.

Detailed Description
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This cross-sectional study conducted with 40 women with GDM diagnosed with two-step 100g oral glucose tolerance test and 40 healthy women, aged 21-41 years, between weeks of 14-28 of pregnancy, who attended the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gulhane Training and Research Hospital. Participants with polycystic ovary syndrome, chronic diseases, pre-GDM, or multiple pregnancies were excluded. Sociodemographic information was recorded via questionnaire and anthropometrics of women were measured. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fasting. Dietary information was obtained by mean intakes of a 3-day food records (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) and analyzed via nutrition analysis software. According to the data obtained from software analysis, animal protein (g/day) to potassium (g/day) ratio (AP/K), potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/day) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP; mEq/day) were calculated from established algorithms to estimate dietary acid load. All nutrients were age and energy- adjusted before being introduced into the equation and tertiles of the scores were used for statistical analysis. ANOVA, ANCOVA and Logistic regression test were used. The study plan was approved by the Hospital&#39;s Ethics Committee.

Official Title
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Is There Any Effect of Maternal Dietary Acid Load During Pregnancy on Arising Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

Conditions
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Diabetes, Gestational, Dietary Habits

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Singleton pregnancy, Aged in 20-40 years, Gestational age 24-28 weeks, Non-history of acute or chronic diseases. Exclusion Criteria: History of GDM, Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, Preeclampsia, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Thyroid disease Parathyroid disease, Metabolic bone disease, Kidney disease, Abnormal liver function, Multiple pregnancy Extreme values of energy intake in their dietary records (<1500 and >4000 kkal).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 41 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Women with gestational diabetes<br>We randomly selected the 40 pregnant women diagnosed GDM by two-step procedure based on Carpenter-Coustan criteria at this hospital. The diagnosis of GDM was confirmed if at least 2 of 4 glucose levels exceed based on Carpenter-Coustan criteria: fasting ≥ 95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L), 1 hour ≥ 180 mg/dL ( 10.0 mmol/L), 2 hour ≥ 155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L), and 3 hour ≥ 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L). | |
| Healthy women<br>We also randomly selected 40 healthy pregnant with normal serum glucose levels ≤129 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) after GCT. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dietary acid load | According to the data obtained from software analysis, animal protein (g/day) to potassium (g/day) ratio (AP/K), potential renal acid load (PRAL; mEq/day) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP; mEq/day) were calculated from established algorithms to estimate dietary acid load. | 24-28. weeks of pregnancy | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Gestational diabetes mellitus, Dietary acid load, Pregnancy