Effects of Combine EMS and Mirror Therapy in Upper Limb Stroke Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will be designed to evaluate the effectiveness mirror therapy combined with electrical muscle stimulations compared with constraint induced therapy in upper limb stroke patients. The aim of the study is to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of mirror therapy and EMS in stroke patients and compare the outcomes with CIMT.

Detailed Description
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Stroke or CVA is the sudden death of the brain cells due to inadequate blood flow, it's a focal disturbance of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting for 24hrs or longer or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. The commonest consequence of stroke is loss of upper limb function. The protocol planned for improving the function of the upper limb is mirror therapy combined with EMS and compare with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) treatment in stroke patients Many works done on CIMT and mirror therapy in rehabilitation prove to be powerful tools for upper limbs in people with stroke. Different studies concluded that CIMT is more effective than Mirror Therapy (MT) in the upper extremity in stroke patients. An RCT was published in 2019 in which mirror therapy combined with electrical stimulation proves to be effective in stroke patients. However, I have not found a study comparing EMS combined with Mirror therapy compared to CIMT treatment in stroke patients. According to the Alternate hypothesis mirror therapy combined with EMS has beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in upper limb stroke patients. According to the null hypothesis, CIMT has better results in stroke patients as compared to EMS combined with Mirror therapy.

Official Title
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Effects of Combined Electrical Muscle Simulator and Mirror Therapy in Upper Limb Stroke Patients

Conditions
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Stroke

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: EMS, Mirror therapy & exercises
* Other: CIMT & exercises
* Other: Mirror therapy & exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Both male and female stroke patients above 45 years Ischemic and Haemorrhagic chronic stroke patients Participants should be able to do 100 wrist extension Exclusion Criteria: Patients with an implanted electrical device Patients with paresis Patients of hemiplegia caused due to other brain injuries (TBI, tumour), Coordination problem Individuals with impaired sensory perception

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This is an randomized control trail in which the stroke patients are divided into three different treatment group.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group A<br>The participants will be given Mirror therapy along with the electrical muscle stimulation and exercises. | Other: EMS, Mirror therapy & exercises<br>* EMS will be applied with frequency between 20-100 Hz and pulse width between 20 to 450us and Mirror therapy for 30 minutes and four days per week for a total duration of 12 weeks. Exercises include the flexion, extension of the wrist and elbow, ulnar and radial deviations , place any cylindrical object in patients palm and ask to lift the object off the table. other exercises includes external and internal rotations with different task orientations.<br>|
| Experimental: Group B<br>The participants will be given constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) along with exercises. | Other: CIMT & exercises<br>* Constraint induced movement therapy will be applied for 30 minutes and four days per week for a total duration of 12 weeks, it is a form of rehabilitation therapy that improves upper limb movement, it claims to improve the arm motor ability and the functional use of a paretic arm- hand. Exercises include the flexion, extension of the wrist and elbow, ulnar and radial deviations , place any cylindrical object in patients palm and ask to lift the object off the table. other exercises includes external and internal rotations with different task orientations.<br>|
| Experimental: Group C<br>The participants will be given mirror therapy and exercises. | Other: Mirror therapy & exercises<br>* Mirror therapy will be given for 30 minutes and four days per week for a total duration of 12 weeks. The exercises include the flexion, extension of the wrist and elbow, ulnar and radial deviations , place any cylindrical object in patients palm and ask to lift the object off the table. other exercises includes external and internal rotations with different task orientations.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fugl- Meyer Assessment | Fugl- Meyer Assessment scale is a stroke specific performance- based impairment index. it has 226 total score and has 5 domains to assess the motor functions, overall reliability of FMA scale was high overall intraclass correlation coefficient varies from 0.61 to 0.97 for the upper extremity and the validity coefficient ranged from 0.91 to 0.97. | 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Motor assessment scale | motor assessment scale is a stroke-specific scale that includes 7 points from 0-6 which includes tone and optimal behavior. A score of 4 on this item indicates a consistently normal response, a score > 4 indicates persistent hypertonus, and a score < 4 indicates various degrees of hypotonus. | 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Electrical muscle stimulation, Constraint induced movement therapy, Mirror therapy