Anatomic and Biomechanical Investigation on ACL: A Cadaveric Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The present study was aimed to investigate the kinematics differences between round-tunnel (ROT) and flat-tunnel (FLT) techniques and compare the influence to the anterior root of lateral meniscus (ARLM ) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction when using hamstring graft.

Detailed Description
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Nine matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were evaluated for the kinematics of intact, ACL-sectioned, and either ROT or FLT reconstructed knees. The graft bundles for FLT technique were separately tensioned. A 6 degrees of freedom robotic system was used to assess knee laxity: (1) 134-N anterior tibial load at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90°of knee ﬂexion. (2) 10-Nm of valgus torque followed by 5-Nm of internal rotation torque simulates a pivot-shift test at 15°, 30°. (3) 5-Nm internal and external rotation torques at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. (4) 10-Nm varus and valgus torques at 15°, 30°. Coverage of ACL tibial footprint and areas of ARLM attachment before and after reaming were measured using three-dimensional isotropic MRI scanning.

Official Title
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Anatomic and Biomechanical Investigation on Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Cadaveric Study

Conditions
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: round tunnel
* Procedure: flat tunnel


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: intact knee with no previous injures Exclusion Criteria: those with ligamentous injury or a limited range of motion

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Nine matched-paired fresh frozen human cadaveric knees were randomly distributed into two groups: Flat-tunnel (FLT) group and round-tunnel (ROT) group. One knee from each pair was reamed with flat tunnel, while the contralateral knee was reamed with round tunnel.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: ROT-Group<br>reamed with round tunnel | Procedure: round tunnel<br>* reamed with round tunnel<br>|
| Experimental: FLT-Group<br>reamed with flat tunnel | Procedure: flat tunnel<br>* reamed with flat tunnel<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| simulated pivot-shift test | 10-Nm of valgus torque followed by 5-Nm of internal rotation torque simulates a pivot-shift test at 15°, 30° of knee ﬂexion | within 1 hour after surgery | 
| simulated KT-2000 arthrometer | 134-N anterior tibial load simulates a KT-2000 arthrometer at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90°of knee ﬂexion | within 1 hour after surgery | 
| internal and external rotation | 5-Nm internal and external rotation torques at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee ﬂexion | within 1 hour after surgery | 
| varus and valgus | 10-Nm varus and valgus torques at 15°, 30°of knee ﬂexion | within 1 hour after surgery | 
| average percentage of ACL tibial footprint coverage | Coverage of ACL tibial footprint and areas of ARLM attachment before and after reaming were measured using three-dimensional isotropic MRI scanning post-operation | within 1 hour after surgery |