The Effects of Kinesiotaping on Balance in Children With Down Syndrome.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aimed to explore the effects of Kinesio tape applied to plantar soles on balance in children with Down Syndrome (DS). Two groups including children with DS and a group with their typically developing peers evaluated. Half of the children with DS took Kinesio tape application to the plantar soles and the other half took sham taping application. All children evaluated with dynamic and static balance measurements and DS children evaluated immediately after taping and 45 minutes after taping again with the same measurements.

Detailed Description
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Balance is one of the most problematic issues in children with DS. Mechanoreceptors of plantar region of the foot helps to regulate human erect posture and balance. Studies shows that inputs from foot sole give a positive effect in improving balance both in healthy and neurologically demaged subjects. Kinesio tape is a supportive method in physiotherapy with it's proprioceptive input giving effects. It is aimed to show the acute effects of Kinesio tape on balance parameters in children with DS.

Official Title
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The Effects of Kinesiotaping on Balance in Children With Down Syndrome.

Conditions
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Down Syndrome, Balance

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Kinesio taping
* Other: Sham taping


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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The inclusion criteria for healthy children: Not having any orthopedic or neurological disorder To understand and do the commands given Being willing to participate in the study The inclusion criteria for children with DS: To have diagnosis of DS Not having any orthopedic or neurological disorder in addition the DS To understand and do the commands given Being willing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria for all children: Auditory and visual problems (not using glasses) Operated in last 6 months prior to he study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The study was carried out with the participation of 3 groups as kinesio taping application group with Down Sydnrome children (KT) (n=12, DS), sham taping application group with Down Syndrome children (ST) (n=12, DS) and healthy control with healty children (HC) (n=12). Healty children took no taping applications. KT group took Kinesio tape, ST group took sham taping evaluated 2 times after the tapings (immediately and 45 minutes later).
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Kinesio taping group (KT)<br>Kinesio taping applied to plantar soles of these children with Down Syndrome. Epidermis-Dermis-Fascia technique was used for providing sensory input from soles. The application was performed on both feet. | Other: Kinesio taping<br>* For the fascia technique, one part of the band which were divided by 4 fans is adhered on Achilles tendon to the heel with a 0% stretch. Then the plantar fascia was stretched by the examiner and the toes were extended (ankle dorsiflexion, toe extension) and the divided part of the band was applied toward the metatarsal heads with paper-off technique (5-15%).<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Sham taping group (ST)<br>A random taping was performed using Kinesio tape but without using Kinesiotaping techniques for sham taping. The application was performed on both feet | Other: Sham taping<br>* ''I'' bant were cut from the middle point of the Achilles tendon to the metatarsal heads. The band was applied from the Achilles tendon to the metatarsal heads without any stretching of plantar fascia and band.<br>|
| No Intervention: Healty control group<br>This group took no intervention but all balance assessments once. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Static balance | Static balance is the ability to keep the body upward without falling when the person is not moving. | Static balance evaluated with Modified Clinical test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (MCTSIB) for Down syndrome children before the randomization and taping application. The healthy control group took this test once. This test takes 1-2 minutes. | 
| Functional (dynamic) balance | Dynamic balance is the ability to keep the body upward without falling when the person is moving and in challenging conditions like walking, running, jumping, reaching etc. | Dynamic balance evaluated with Timed Up and Go for Down syndrome children before the randomization and taping application. The healthy control group took this test once. This test takes 1-2 minutes. | 
| Static balance | Static balance is the ability to keep the body upward without falling when the person is not moving. | Static balance evaluated with Modified Clinical test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (MCTSIB) for Down syndrome children immediately after the taping application. This test takes 1-2 minutes. | 
| Functional (dynamic) balance | Dynamic balance is the ability to keep the body upward without falling when the person is moving and in challenging conditions like walking, running, jumping, reaching etc. | Dynamic balance evaluated with Timed Up and Go test for Down syndrome children immediately after the taping application. This test takes 1-2 minutes. | 
| Static balance | Static balance is the ability to keep the body upward without falling when the person is not moving. | Static balance evaluated with Modified Clinical test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (MCTSIB) for Down syndrome children 45 minutes after the taping application. This test takes 1-2 minutes. | 
| Functional (dynamic) balance | Dynamic balance is the ability to keep the body upward without falling when the person is moving and in challenging conditions like walking, running, jumping, reaching etc. | Dynamic balance evaluated with Timed Up and Go test for Down syndrome children 45 minutes after the taping application. This test takes 1-2 minutes. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Down Syndrome, Postural Balance, Kinesio Taping