Acute and Chronic Effects of Dynamic Apnea in Healthy Untrained Subjects

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The inclusion of short periods of apnea (several seconds) during exercise (i.e. dynamic apnea) induces a significant decrease in blood oxygenation and muscle tissue. To date, the immediate effects (acute apnea) of this decrease in the quantity of oxygen available at the muscle and brain level are poorly understood. Moreover, a physical training during which these short periods of apnea (chronic apnea) would be included could lead to physiological adaptations and to improvement in physical performance similar to those obtained during altitude training. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of acute dynamic apnea on metabolism.

Official Title
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Acute and Chronic Effects of Dynamic Apnea in Healthy Untrained Subjects

Conditions
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Apnea

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Program of training with exercises including apnea
* Other: Program of training with exercises without apnea


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The cutaneous thickness at the vastus lateralis level lower than 1.5 cm to obtain the reliable muscle oxygenation measurement Subjects will have to sign the inform consent before the beginning of the study Exclusion Criteria: Contraindications to regular physical exercise practice To practice an endurance sport more than 1h/week Regular practice of apnea Chronic use of cannabis and/or alcohol Cardiac or metabolic pathology Asthma and/or bronchodilatator treatment ECG abnormality at rest Regular consumption of tobacco

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Apnea Group (GApn)<br>Program of training with exercises including apneas | Other: Program of training with exercises including apnea<br>* 16 training session on cycle ergometry with exercises including apneas.<br>|
| Other: Control Group (GC)<br>Program of training with exercises without apnea | Other: Program of training with exercises without apnea<br>* 16 training session on cycle ergometry with exercises without apnea<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Spectometry to measure hemoglobin rate | Measurement of oxygenation | 3 weeks | 
| Wingate test to measure maximum consumption of dioxygen | Measurement of aerobic performance | 3 weeks | 
| Measurement of hormonal markers | Measurement of Dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA) | 3 weeks | 
| Jaeger debimeter system to measure of peak oxygen | Measurement of oxygen consumptiom | 3 weeks | 
| Measurement of arterial saturation in dioxygen | Measurement by ear blood micro-sample | 3 weeks | 
| Spectometry to measure hemoglobin | Measurement of oxygenation | 12 weeks | 
| Measurement of hormonal markers | Measurement of Dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA) | 12 weeks | 
| Jaeger debimeter system to measure of peak oxygen | Measurement of oxygen consumption, | 12 weeks | 
| Measurement of arterial saturation in dioxygen | Measurement by ear blood micro-sample | 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiac frequency | measurement with a 12 lead - Electrocardiogamm | 3 weeks | 
| Cardiac frequency | measurement with a 12 lead - Electrocardiogramm | 12 weeks | 
| Borg scale to measure penibility of the effort |  | week 3 | 
| Borg scale to measure penibility of the effort |  | week 12 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dynamic apnea, muscle oxygenation, physical performance