Eating Disinhibition and Vagal Tone and the Postprandial Response to Glycaemic Load

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Reducing the glycaemic load (GL) of the diet may benefit appetite control but its utility is complicated by psychological influences on eating. Disinhibited behaviour, a risk factor for overconsumption, is characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex activity, which in turn directly modulates vagal tone; a phenomenon inversely associated with blood glucose (BG) and insulin levels. This double blind randomised controlled trial explores the influence of disinhibited eating and vagal tone (heart rate variability) on the postprandial response to GL and hunger.

Detailed Description
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There is growing recognition that lowering the glycaemic load of the diet might reduce a range of cardiovascular risk factors such as raised plasma triglycerides, HbA1c and C reactive protein and aid in body weight regulation. A proposed mechanism includes higher satiety and prolonged satiation by virtue of improved postprandial metabolic control, although, whether lower GL meals result in greater weight loss or increased satiety is still a matter of debate. One matter complicating the issue is that the desire to consume food may be driven by psychological factors; food reward centres in the brain may override hormonal regulation of food intake. Amongst psychological factors disinhibition has the largest and most consistent body of empirical data that associates it with weight gain although the mechanisms involved are unknown. This study will investigate whether, irrespective of BMI or habitual diet, disinhibited eaters have greater glycaemic excursions following a high glycaemic load drink and whether this predicts subsequent satiation.

Official Title
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Eating Disinhibition and Vagal Tone Moderate the Postprandial Response to Glycaemic Load: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Hunger

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Isomaltulose
* Dietary Supplement: Glucose
* Dietary Supplement: Sweetened water


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Young healthy adults who scored either high or low on the Three factor eating questionnaire disinhibition subscale Exclusion Criteria: Participants were excluded if they had a cardiovascular or metabolic disorder gastrointestinal problems were pregnant had a current diagnosis of a mood or eating disorder and/or were taking medications or herbal supplements to manage body weight or control appetite

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 75g glucose<br>75g of glucose dissolved in 500ml provided in a clear plastic tumbler. | Dietary Supplement: Glucose<br>* 75g Glucose (high glycaemic load intervention)<br>|
| Experimental: 75g isomaltulose<br>75g of isomaltulose dissolved in 500ml provided in a clear plastic tumbler. | Dietary Supplement: Isomaltulose<br>* 75g Isomaltulose (low glycaemic load intervention)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Sweetened water<br>500ml water sweetened with sucralose provided in a clear plastic tumbler. | Dietary Supplement: Sweetened water<br>* Sweetened water will be used as a control<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in blood glucose | Blood glucose was monitored from finger pricks using an ExacTech sensor (Medisense Britain Limited) that using an enzymic method, coupled with microelectronic measurement. Change in blood glucose from baseline to after 30 minutes will assess the speed of incline. | From baseline to 30 minutes | 
| Change in blood glucose | As above to assess the speed of decline. | from 30 to 150minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hunger | Participants were asked to respond to the question how hungry are you feeling right now on a single 100mm visual analogue scale anchored by Not at all and Extremely. | 30, 150 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Blood glucose