Effect of Acupressure on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs in Patients With Coronary Angiography

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study was planned to determine the effect of acupressure on pain, anxiety and vital signs of patients with coronary angiography. Acupressure application was carried out by the responsible researcher, who is certified on this subject, by TRNC Dr. In the Cardiology Service of Burhan Nalbantoğlu Hospital, patients who have undergone angiography will be applied and measurements will be made before mobilization after their informed consent is obtained.

Detailed Description
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In this study, it is aimed to raise awareness for the use of painless, painless, economical, side-effect-free and easy-to-apply acupressure in nursing care in order to increase patient comfort by relieving pain and anxiety of patients during mandatory bed rest after coronary angiography. In addition, our study is important in terms of providing new information with a high level of evidence and providing a source for other studies on this subject. Objective: The study was planned to determine the effect of acupressure on pain, anxiety and vital signs of patients with coronary angiography. Hypothesis 1 H0: There is no difference in Visual Analog Scale mean scores between the acupressure group, the sham (pseudo-acupressure) group, and the control group. H1: There is a difference in Visual Analog Scale mean scores between the acupressure group, the sham (pseudo-acupressure) group, and the control group. Hypothesis 2 H0: There is no difference between the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory mean scores between the acupressure group, the sham (pseudo-acupressure) group, and the control group. H1: There is a difference between the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory mean scores between the acupressure group, the sham (pseudo-acupressure) group, and the control group. Hypothesis 3 H0: There is no difference in Systolic Blood Pressure between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. H1: There is a difference in Systolic Blood Pressure between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. Hypothesis 4 H0: There is no difference in Diastolic Blood Pressure between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. H1: There is a difference in Diastolic Blood Pressure between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. Hypothesis 5 H0: There is no difference in Heart Rate between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. H1: There is a difference between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group in terms of Heart Rate. Hypothesis 6 H0: There is no difference in Respiration Rate between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. H1: There is a difference between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group in terms of Respiration Rate. Hypothesis 7 H0: There is no difference in Cortisol Level between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group. H1: There is a difference between the acupressure group, the sham (false acupressure) group and the control group in terms of Cortisol Level. Personal Information Form, Spielberger State Anxiety Scale, Visual Analogue Scale and Vital Signs Follow-up Form will be administered to all patients (acupressure, sham acupressure and control groups) included in the study (1. Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, After the measurement, half an hour after applying acupressure to the points determined for both groups (2nd measurement), two hours later (3rd measurement) and just before mobilization (4th measurement), Visual Analogue Scale and Vital Signs Follow-up Form will be applied again. It was created by the researcher to track the cortisol level. It is designed to include a total of 2 measurements (pre/post acupressure).

Official Title
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Effect of Acupressure on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs in Patients With Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Pain, Anxiety, Vital Signs, Coronary Angiography

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Acupressure


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: First time coronary angiography performed Coronary angiography performed from the femoral region, over the age of 18, Willing to participate in the research, Able to understand and speak Turkish, Open to communication, Planned (non-urgent) coronary angiography No complications after angiography Stent etc. during angiography. no other attempt has been made No deformity or lesion in the areas where acupressure will be applied Not taking sedatives or pain relievers 5 hours before the angiography procedure, No acupressure experience Not diagnosed with anxiety disorder and not receiving medical treatment Not diagnosed with depression and not receiving medical treatment No chronic pain Patients without mental illness. Exclusion Criteria: - Previous coronary angiography Coronary angiography from the femoral region is not performed, under the age of 18, pregnant, Those who do not agree to participate in the research, Can't understand or speak Turkish, Unable to communicate Unplanned (urgent) Coronary angiography Patients Any complications after angiography Stent etc. during angiography. another attempt has been made Any deformity or lesion in the areas where acupressure will be applied, Those who took sedatives or painkillers 5 hours before the angiography procedure, Experience with acupressure Anxiety disorder and receiving treatment, Diagnosed with depression and receiving treatment, Having chronic pain, Patients with mental disorders.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Since the patients who will be included in the study are not known in advance, the patients will be randomized by the statistician using GraphPad software 3 and the block randomization technique, in order to assign the same number of participants to each group before the study, and will be divided into groups A, B, and C.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Acupressure Group<br>Applicable to the acupressure group; Heart meridian 7th point (HT7), large intestine meridian 4th point (LI4) and pericardium 6th point (PC6), a total of three points will be applied. Afterwards, sequential (breathing rhythm) compressions will be applied to the determined acupressure points by the researcher without lifting the finger, taking into account the pain threshold of the individual who is applied with the thumb, with 10 seconds of pressure for two seconds of relief. Since the symmetry of the selected three different points on the other extremity will also be applied, a total of 12 minutes of compression will be applied to each point, provided that it is two minutes. Depending on the preparation and compression time on each point, the session duration of each patient will be approximately 16 minutes. | Behavioral: Acupressure<br>* Afterwards, sequential (breathing rhythm) compressions will be applied to the determined acupressure points by the researcher without lifting the finger, taking into account the pain threshold of the individual who is applied with the thumb, with 10 seconds of pressure for two seconds of relief.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Sham Group<br>n the acupressure application to the Sham group, pressure will be exerted on the bone region where the meridians do not pass, parallel to the HT7, LI4, PC6 and points (approximately 1-1.5 cm away) (Figure 4). Before the application, the acupressure points will be heated for about 20 seconds and the tissue sensitivity will be reduced by rubbing and they will be made ready for the acupressure application. Afterwards, the acupressure points determined will be pressed with the thumb by the researcher with a lower intensity than the normal application pressure for two minutes. Similar to the acupressure group, the sham group will be applied to symmetrical points. In this direction, a session will last 16 minutes for each patient, as in the acupressure group, together with the duration of the pre-procedure preparation and applications. | Behavioral: Acupressure<br>* Afterwards, sequential (breathing rhythm) compressions will be applied to the determined acupressure points by the researcher without lifting the finger, taking into account the pain threshold of the individual who is applied with the thumb, with 10 seconds of pressure for two seconds of relief.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>Patients in the control group will not receive any intervention. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Spielberger State Anxiety Scale | The scale consists of 20 statements. The total score can range from 20 to 80. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety, and a low score indicates a low level of anxiety. | 6 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Pain Scale | It is a scale that is evaluated by individuals by making markings on a horizontal or vertical line of 10 cm or 100 mm, one end of which indicates that the patient is very good and the other end is very bad. | 6 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pain, anxiety, vital signs, coronary angiography