Ureteric Jet Doppler Waveforms in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Urinary dysfunction is very common in individuals with spinal cord injury. The urine flowing from the collecting ducts to the renal calyx stretches the calyces. ANS controlled peristaltic contractions originate in the proximal renal pelvis and travel down the ureters, pushing urine from the renal pelvis towards the bladder. The urine bolus delivered from the kidneys through the peristaltic contraction of the ureter creates an image called ureteric jet. Using the Doppler analysis of ureteral jets, previous studies have examined the changes in the ureteric jet pattern in pathological conditions such as the diagnosis of normal ureteral physiology.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary rehabilitation center. Eighteen spinal cord injury patients who met the inclusion criteria and 24 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The appearance of üreteric jet form and bladder wall thicknesses were obtained by urinary Doppler ultrasound both in patient and control groups. Detrusor pressure and bladder volume were measured only in patient group during urodynamic assessment.

Official Title
-----------------
The Characteristics of Ureteric Jet Doppler Waveforms and Factors Affecting Them in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Conditions
-----------------
Spinal Cord Injuries

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Doppler ultrasound, Urodynamic assessment.
* Diagnostic Test: Urodynamic assessment.


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
The case group Inclusion Criteria: With signs of upper motor neuron lesion, Suprasacral spinal cord injury, Normal urinary ultrasound findings Planned urodynamics Exclusion Criteria: Neurological disease other than spinal cord injury Urinary tract infection Urinary obstruction History of urinary tract Stones Diabetes, hypertension History of urinary surgery, Sacral injury Second motor neuron lesions (such as cauda equina, or cauda conus) The control group Inclusion Criteria: • Normal urinary ultrasonography Exclusion Criteria: Neurological disease Urinary tract infection Urinary obstruction History of urinary tract Stones Diabetes, hypertension

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| spinal cord injury<br>patient with spinal cord injury | Diagnostic Test: Doppler ultrasound, Urodynamic assessment.<br>* The patients included in the study group were given 600 cc of water in the morning and the Doppler ultrasound was performed 30 minutes later<br>Diagnostic Test: Urodynamic assessment.<br>* A transurethral double lumen catheter was used to measure intravesical pressure in the urodynamic unit for the patients in the study group immediately after the use of the Doppler USG<br>|
| no spinal cord injury<br>patient without spinal cord injury | Diagnostic Test: Doppler ultrasound, Urodynamic assessment.<br>* The patients included in the study group were given 600 cc of water in the morning and the Doppler ultrasound was performed 30 minutes later<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| doppler USG | The patients included in the study group were given 600 cc of water in the morning and the Doppler USG was performed 30 minutes later | 15-30 minute | 
| Urodynamic assessment. | A transurethral double lumen catheter was used to measure intravesical pressure in the urodynamic unit | 30 minute |