Exercise Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether exercise training leads to changes in the white adipose tissue that are beneficial to the body's regulation of sugar and body weight.

Detailed Description
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The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the United States and worldwide has risen dramatically over the last few decades, resulting in an enormous need for new therapies to treat these conditions. The discovery that beiging of subcutaneous white adipose tissue may increase energy expenditure has led to tremendous interest in beige cells as a potential treatment for diabetes and obesity. An established treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity is endurance exercise training. Exercise training can improve systemic homeostasis, and although adaptations to skeletal muscle play a critical role in these effects, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Moreover, the contributions of other tissues in these beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism have not been intensively investigated. The study team hypothesizes that exercise training results in fundamental changes to white adipose tissue, including beiging, and these adaptations play an important role in the effects of exercise training to improve metabolic homeostasis.

Official Title
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Exercise Regulation of Human Adipose Tissue

Conditions
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Healthy, Obese, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Exercise Intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age: 25-55 years old at the time of screening Body mass index (BMI) must be: ≥20 and ≤ 27 kg/m2 for lean subjects ≥25 and ≤ 37 kg/m2 for subjects with type 2 diabetes ≥27 and ≤ 37 kg/m2 for obese/overweight subjects HbA1c values: ≤5.7 ± 0.1% for lean and overweight/obese subjects 6.5 ± 0.1% - 9.0 ± 0.1% for subjects with type 2 diabetes Exclusion Criteria: Age <25 and >55 years old Type 1 Diabetes HbA1c ≥ 9.0% Heart or lung disease Basal-Bolus Insulin regimen Use of beta-blockers or thiazolidinediones Acute systemic infection accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands BMI ≥ 37 kg/m2 Current dieting or weight loss efforts Current pregnant or breastfeeding Known history of HIV/AIDS or certain cancers Biochemical evidence of renal or hepatic dysfunction; renal or liver disease Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Recent blood donation Clinical history of stroke Severe hypertension (systolic > 160 mmHg or diastolic > 90 mmHg) Inability to exercise at 50% of predicted heart rate (HR) reserve at baseline Participants who screen positive for The American Heart Association's contraindications to exercise testing History of keloid formation

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The current research will consist of 2 different exercise training protocols. Subjects will be randomized into each Arm based on screening criteria and compared to the control (Arm 1)
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Moderate Intensity Training-Healthy Lean<br>Eligible subjects will undergo a 10-week moderate intensity exercise program. | Other: Exercise Intervention<br>* 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training<br>|
| Experimental: Moderate Intensity Training-Healthy Overweight/Obese<br>Eligible subjects will undergo a 10-week moderate intensity exercise program. | Other: Exercise Intervention<br>* 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training<br>|
| Experimental: Moderate Intensity Training-Overweight/Obese Type 2 Diabetes<br>Eligible subjects will undergo a 10-week moderate intensity exercise program. | Other: Exercise Intervention<br>* 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training<br>|
| Experimental: High Intensity Training-Healthy Lean.<br>Eligible subjects will undergo a 10-week high intensity exercise program | Other: Exercise Intervention<br>* 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in human adipose tissue characteristics following exercise training. | Effects of exercise training on adipose tissue in humans. | Change from baseline adipose tissue characteristics following 10 weeks of exercise training. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exercise, Training, Type 2 Diabetes, Mellitus