Prevalence, Severity, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Value of Hyponatremia in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Hyponatremia (HN) is the most common electrolytic disorder in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, found in 17 to 51% of patients according to the series. Two etiologies predominate in the literature, the Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) and the Cerebral Salt Waste Syndrome (CSW), but none has been precisely described in terms of epidemiology, risk factors or severity. Moreover, SIADH and CSH were often confused in previous works. The main goal of our study is to assess retrospectively prevalence, severity, time to onset, length, risk factors of HN in a large population of TBI patients, as well as treatment modalities and prognosis. A specific distinction was performed between SIADH or CSW.

Detailed Description
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This is a retrospective descriptive study. The included patients will be those admitted in the trauma intensive care unit of Lapeyronie University Hospital (Montpellier, France) with a TBI (head AIS ≥1) during a period of 4 years, 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2017. Using our databank the investigators estimate 650 to 700 patients who met inclusion criteria during this period and will be analyzed. Inclusions will be confirmed after the opening of medical records. Definition of SIADH is defined as the occurrence of a hyponatremia (≤135 mmol/L) associated with inappropriate urine concentration (urinary/plasmatic osmolarity ≥1) and a low daily urine volume (<1500 ml/24H). Definition of CSW is defined as the occurrence of a hyponatremia (≤135 mmol/L) associated with a massive natriuresis (>140 mmol/L) and a daily urine volume > 1500 ml/24H. Data collection will concern the medical records: medical history, traumatism severity, cerebral injuries on computed tomography, severe complications, specific treatments, and biological course from ICU admission to discharge. The main endpoint will be the prevalence of hyponatremia (≤135 mmol/L) in the first 10 days after the traumatic brain injury. The secondary endpoints will be the prevalence specific prevalence of CSW and SIADH, risk factors of these nosological entities, their severity, their timing to onset and their morbimorality.

Official Title
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Prevalence, Severity, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Value of Hyponatremia in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury : a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Conditions
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Traumatic Brain Injury

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: âge ≥ 18 years presence of traumatic brain injury at the ICU admission Exclusion criteria: Discharged from ICU or death < 48 hours from the admission Lack of data

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Occurrence of hyponatremia | Hyponatremia ≤ 135mmol/L | during the 10 first days after the traumatic brain injury | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Occurrence SIADH | Hyponatremia ≤ 135mmol/L associated with inappropriate urine concentration (urinary/plasmatic osmolarity ≥1) and a low daily urine volume (<1500 ml/24H). | during the 10 first days after the traumatic brain injury | 
| Occurrence CSW | Hyponatremia (≤135 mmol/L) associated with a massive natriuresis (>140 mmol/L) and a daily urine volume > 1500 ml/24H | during the 10 first days after the traumatic brain injury | 
| Determination of risk factors of hyponatremia | Traumatics injuries, early management, early complications, sodium and water intakes, treatments. | during the 10 first days after the traumatic brain injury | 
| Morbi-mortality | Death, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of renal replacement therapy, length of ICU stay and length of hospitalization. | Day 1 (Hospitalization) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Hyponatremia, Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH), Cerebral Salt Waste Syndrome (CSW)