Evaluation of Kidney Function by Multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Multimodal functional magnetic resonance (MR) methods, including MR diffusion, Blood-Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) imaging and MR spectroscopy may provide complementary information about the functional status of a kidney. The researchers hypothesize that these non-invasive methods correlate with histology as gold standard and compete favorably with conventional in part invasive evaluation methods, and thus provide specific and early detection of kidney diseases of various etiologies, drug toxicity, or renal allograft dysfunction.

Detailed Description
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Early and specific detection of dysfunction in kidney diseases and differential diagnosis of potential complications in the renal allograft are fundamental to initiate appropriate treatment. In addition, determination of renal function may reveal physiological mechanisms that may prove useful for future therapeutic procedures. Currently, used methods to access renal function like ultrasound, radionuclide imaging, and laboratory methods have several disadvantages, as they are nonspecific, require radioactive contrast agents or are limited in spatial information. Therefore, alternative non-invasive methods to detect early morphological and functional changes are required. Recently, a variety of very promising advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have evolved to obtain functional information of different organs. These methods include MR angiography, diffusion, perfusion and Blood-Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) imaging. In addition to MRI, MR spectroscopy (MRS) provides renal functional information. In abdominal organs like the kidney, respiratory, and cardiac motion and susceptibility artifacts have limited the use of these functional MR methods for clinical applications. However, this may be overcome with the advent of greatly enhanced hardware, allowing very fast imaging times. Besides these in vivo techniques, novel processing algorithms for complex ex vivo MR spectra of body fluids have emerged recently. These methods, labeled Metabonomics, access renal function by obtaining metabolic profiles that are indicative for renal dysfunction. The researchers hypothesize that these non-invasive methods correlate with histology as gold standard and compete favorably with conventional in part invasive evaluation methods, and thus provide specific and early detection of kidney diseases of various etiologies, drug toxicity or renal allograft dysfunction.

Official Title
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Evaluation of Kidney Function by Multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Renal Transplantation and Kidney Disease

Conditions
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Kidney Transplantation, Urinary Calculi

Intervention / Treatment
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* Radiation: diffusion MRI
* Radiation: BOLD MRI
* Other: Clinical Outcome


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Minimum age 16 years Male or female Signed consensus report to the study Exclusion Criteria: History of allergy to contrast media Pregnancy Contraindication for MR examination: Content of electronic devices in the body of the subject (i.e. pacemaker of heart, implanted insulin pump, nerve stimulator, or similar medical devices), content of metallic foreign bodies or metal-pieces (without amalgam filling), claustrophobia Back or other problems that don't allow motionless lying for 75 minutes Missing signed consensus report to the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 1<br> | Radiation: diffusion MRI<br>* diffusion MRI<br>Radiation: BOLD MRI<br>* BOLD MRI<br>Other: Clinical Outcome<br>* Clinical outcome<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correlation of functional MR parameters with histology results as gold standard or with final clinical outcome |  | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correlation with clinical results, laboratory results (e.g. GFR, serum-creatinine levels), results from other imaging procedures, correlation within MR parameters (e.g. in vivo metabolites vs. in vitro (from urine) metabolites, oxygenation vs. diffusion) |  | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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magnetic resonance imaging, renal function, renal transplant, urinary calculi, healthy controls, kidney