Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Duration of Pain Control in ESP Block for Breast Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Patients undergoing Partial or total mastectomy with axillary LN dissection will receive prior to induction of general anaesthesia ESP block at T4 level at the same side of the surgery. one group will receive ropivacaine 0.375% and the other will get ropivacaine 0.375% with dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/kg as an adjuvant. time to first narcotic requirement will be documented and therefore an assessment of the duration of action of the block will be made

Detailed Description
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Background and Objective: Whether partial or complete, mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection is a painful surgery. Acute postoperative pain management is challenging and crucial due to high chances of it transforming into chronic pain. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block has been shown to be effective in managing post mastectomy pain.Dai et al showed the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in prolonging the duration of sensory block, motor block and analgesia when dexmedetomidine as an adjunct is added to ropivacaine in brachial plexus block (1). The aim of our study is to show the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in prolonging the analgesic effect of ropivacaine when added to it in ESP block compared to using ropivacaine alone in patients undergoing mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection, and to study its impact on postoperative opioid consumption. Methods: 44 American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status classification class I, II and III will be randomly allocated to one of two groups, both receiving a single injection erector spinae plane block at T4 vertebral level using 20ml ropivacaine 0.375% 20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. The first group will receive 0.5mcg/kg of dexmedetomdine added to the ropivacaine solution. The control group will receive no dexmedetomidine. Postoperatively, patients in both groups will be receive acetaminophen 1g orally every 6 hours and oxycodone 5 mg orally as needed every 6 hours if VAS is more than 4. Postoperative pain will be measured using Verbal Analogue Scale (VAS) at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. Conclusion: This study will be the first of its kind to investigate the impact of adding dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to ropivacaine in prolonging the ESP block duration in patients undergoing mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection.

Official Title
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Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Ropivacaine for Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block: Evaluation of Effect on Postoperative Pain After Breast Surgery: A Double-Blinded, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Breast Cancer, Mastectomy, Axillary Lymph Node Dissection, Pain, Postoperative

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Dexmedetomidine


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: ASA class I, II and III patients Age range: 18-80 years old Elective partial or unilateral radical mastectomy with sentinel lymph node dissection Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant woman Bilateral mastectomy. Skin infection at the site of needle puncture Coagulopathy problems Allergy or contraindication to any of the study drugs Recent use of opioid drugs

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Precedex<br>participants will receive an ESP block with 20 ml Ropivacaine 0.375% in the induction room 20 minutes before their operation | Drug: Dexmedetomidine<br>* addition of dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine as an adjuvant in ESP block to assess wether or not it prolongs its duration of action<br>|
| Experimental: Dexmedetomidine<br>participants will receive an ESP block with 20 ml Ropivacaine 0.375% + 0.5mcg/kg dexmedetomidine in the induction room 20 minutes before their operation | Drug: Dexmedetomidine<br>* addition of dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine as an adjuvant in ESP block to assess wether or not it prolongs its duration of action<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain assessment in the first 24 hours post operatively: VAS score | Pain will be assessed using the VAS score ranging from 0, indicating no pain at all, to 10, indicating the worst pain the patient has ever felt | 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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ESP block, erector spinae plane block, mastectomy, ropivacaine, dexmedetomidine, pain, breast