Effectiveness of Subtalar Arthroereisis With Endorthesis for Pediatric Flexible Flat Foot

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Pediatric flexible flatfoot is sometimes asymptomatic but it can also cause physical impairment, pain, and difficulty walking. We evaluate the radiographic effectiveness of intervention of subtalar arthroereisis with endorthesis for pediatric flexible flatfoot with final follow-up at skeletal maturity.

Official Title
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Valutazione Dell'Efficacia Dell'Endortesi Senotarsica Nella Correzione Della Sindrome Pronatoria Nel Bambino (Flatfoot)

Conditions
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Flatfoot, Pediatric ALL

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Subtalar endorthesis


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Males and females age ≥ 14 years at the time of the visit patients who underwent subtalar endothesis for the treatment of the pediatric flexible flatfoot from January 2011 to March 2015. Exclusion Criteria: age <14 years at the time of the visit patients with comorbidities that make it difficult to return to the hospital for consultation or who have removed the device for discomfort female patients who do not exclude (by self-declaration, as clinical practice) a state of pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Subtalar endorthesis<br>Patients who underwent subtalar endorthesis for flexible pediatric flatfoot | Device: Subtalar endorthesis<br>* Subtalar arthroereisis with endorthesis for pediatric flexible flat foot<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| lateral talocalcaneal angle | lateral talocalcaneal angle (LTC) on the lateral view of the radiographs: it is traced between the long axis of the talus and the plantar surface of the calcaneus | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| AOFAS | American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale. It is a measure of ankle and hidfoot function. It comprises nine questions and covers three categories: pain (40 points), function (50 points) and alignment (10 points). These are all summed together for a maximun score of 100 points (best otucome) and a minimum score of 0 (worst outcome). It includes a mixture of questions that are both subjective and objective in nature. | 1 day | 
| SEFAS | Self-reported foot and ankle score (SEFAS) | 1 day | 
| SF-12 | 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) with its Mental and Physical Component Scores (MCS and PCS) | 1 day | 
| Meary's angle | Meary's angle (MA) on the lateral view of the radiographs, also known as talar-first metatarsal angle: it is formed by a line through the long axis of the talus and the axis of the first metatarsal (the negative values indicate a plantar apex of the angle as it happens in the flatfeet | 1 day | 
| Calcaneal pitch angle | Calcaneal pitch angle on the lateral view of the radiographs: it is subtended by the intersection of a line parallel to the floor with a line connecting the two most inferior points on the calcaneus | 1 day | 
| Anteroposterior talonavicular coverage angle | Anteroposterior talonavicular coverage angle (APTN) on the anteroposterior view of the radiographs: it is the angle between the lines connecting the endpoints of the talar and navicular articular surfaces | 1 day | 
| Talonavicular uncoverage percent | Talonavicular uncoverage percent (TNU) on the anteroposterior view of the radiographs: it is a ratio between the angle subtended by the line connecting the endpoints of the talar articular surface and a line drawn from the midpoint of the previous line and the medial endpoint of the navicular articular surface. It indicates the percentage of the talar head not covered by the navicular | 1 day |