A Phase II Study of M2951 in SLE

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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M2951 is an investigational drug under evaluation for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. The purpose of the study was to assess the Safety and Efficacy of M2951 in participants with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Official Title
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A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Ranging Study To Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of M2951 in Subjects With SLE

Conditions
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Placebo
* Drug: M2951
* Drug: M2951
* Drug: M2951
* Drug: M2951


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Eligible male and female participants, aged 18 to 75 years Must have diagnosis of SLE with either the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria for SLE, or at least four of the 11 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for SLE, of at least six months duration prior to Screening SLEDAI-2K total score greater than or equal to (>=) 6 (including clinical SLEDAI greater than or equal to (>=) 4) at Screening Visit And be positive for anti-double-stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and/or anti-nuclear antibody (ANA greater than or equal to (>=) 1:80) and/or anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibody at the time of Screening Other protocol defined inclusion criteria could apply Exclusion Criteria: Participants are not eligible for this study if they have active, clinically significant interstitial lung disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension Proteinuria (urine protein to creatinine ratio [UPCR] > 4 mg/mg) Acutely worsened renal function Central nervous system SLE Or within two weeks prior to Screening or during Screening: use of oral corticosteroids greater than (>) 30 mg daily prednisone equivalent Use of injectable corticosteroids, or change in dose of corticosteroids. Other protocol defined exclusion criteria could apply

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled (DBPC) Period: Placebo<br> | Drug: Placebo<br>* Participants received placebo matched to M2951 orally for 52 weeks.<br>|
| Experimental: DBPC Period: M2951 25 mg QD<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants received 25 milligrams (mg) of M2951 orally once daily (QD) for 52 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|
| Experimental: DBPC Period: M2951 75 mg QD<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants received 75 mg of M2951 orally QD for 52 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|
| Experimental: DBPC Period: M2951 50 mg BID<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants received 50 mg of M2951 orally twice daily (BID) for 52 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|
| Experimental: Long-Term Extension (LTE) Period: Placebo/ M2951 50 mg BID<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants who had received Placebo or M2951 (25 mg QD, 75 mg QD or 50 mg BID) during DBPC period were switched to receive 50 mg M2951 orally BID in LTE period for 104 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|
| Experimental: LTE Period: M2951 25 mg QD/ M2951 50 mg BID<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants who had received Placebo or M2951 (25 mg QD, 75 mg QD or 50 mg BID) during DBPC period were switched to receive 50 mg M2951 orally BID in LTE period for 104 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|
| Experimental: LTE Period: M2951 75 mg QD/ M2951 50 mg BID<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants who had received Placebo or M2951 (25 mg QD, 75 mg QD or 50 mg BID) during DBPC period were switched to receive 50 mg M2951 orally BID in LTE period for 104 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|
| Experimental: LTE Period: M2951 50 mg BID/ M2951 50 mg BID<br> | Drug: M2951<br>* Participants who had received Placebo or M2951 (25 mg QD, 75 mg QD or 50 mg BID) during DBPC period were switched to receive 50 mg M2951 orally BID in LTE period for 104 weeks.<br>* Other names: Evobrutinib;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Response Based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) at Week 52 | SRI-4 response was defined as greater than or equal to (>=) 4-point reduction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) total score, no new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score, no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and no treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0(no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale =from 0(very well) to 100(very poor). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Response Based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 6 (SRI-6) at Week 52 | SRI-6 response was defined as >= 6-point reduction in SLEDAI-2K total score, no new BILAG A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score and no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system :A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale =from 0(very well) to 100(very poor). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) and Serious TEAEs According to National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.03 (NCI-CTCAE v4.03) | Adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, which does not necessarily have causal relationship with treatment. A serious AE was defined as an AE that resulted in any of the following outcomes: death; life threatening; persistent/significant disability/incapacity; initial or prolonged in participant hospitalization; congenital anomaly/birth defect or was otherwise considered medically important. TEAEs: events between first dose of study drug that were absent before treatment/that worsened relative to pre-treatment state up to 56 weeks. TEAEs included both serious TEAEs and non-serious TEAEs. Number of participants with TEAEs and serious TEAEs were reported. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) by Severity According to National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.03 (NCI-CTCAE v4.03) | Severity of TEAEs were graded using NCI-CTCAE v4.03 toxicity grades, as follows: Grade 1= Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Life-threatening and Grade 5 = Death. Number of participants with TEAEs by severity were reported. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change From Baseline in Vital Signs | Vital signs included body temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, weight and height. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator. The number of participants with clinically significant changes from baseline in vital signs were reported. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Changes From Baseline in 12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | 12-lead ECG recordings included rhythm, heart rate (as measured by RR interval), PR interval, QRS duration, and QT interval. The corrected QT interval (QTcF) was calculated using Fridericia's formula. 12-lead ECG recordings were obtained after the participants have rested for at least 10 minutes in semisupine position. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator. The number of participants with clinically significant changes from baseline in 12-lead ECG findings were reported. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Changes From Baseline in Laboratory Parameters | Laboratory investigation included hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis and coagulation. Clinical significance was determined by the investigator. The number of participants with clinically significant changes from baseline in laboratory parameters were reported. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 2 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 2. | Week 2 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 4 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 4. | Week 4 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 12 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 12. | Week 12 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 24 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 24. | Week 24 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 36 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 36. | Week 36 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 52 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 52 | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Value of Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 56 | Mean absolute value of serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed at Week 56 | Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Total B Cell Count at Week 4 | Mean total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Week 4 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Total B Cell Count at Week 24 | Mean absolute total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Week 24 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Total B Cell Count at Week 52 | Mean absolute total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Mean Absolute Total B Cell Count at Week 56 | Mean absolute total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 2 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 2 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 4 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 4 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 12 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 12 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 24 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 24 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 36 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 36 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 52 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) Levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) at Week 56 | Change from baseline in the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM were assessed. | Baseline and Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Total B Cell Count at Week 4 | Change from baseline in Total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Baseline and Week 4 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Total B Cell Count at Week 24 | Change from baseline in Total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Baseline and Week 24 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Total B Cell Count at Week 52 | Change from baseline in Total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Baseline and Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Total B Cell Count at Week 56 | Change from baseline in Total B cell count were assessed. Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations using four-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed for the analysis of B cell counts. | Baseline and Week 56 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DBPC Period: Time to First Severe British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A Flare | BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system based on alphabetic score: A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. BILAG evaluated by scoring each of a list of signs and symptoms as: improving (1); same (2); worse (3); new (4); not present (0); not done (ND). Total BILAG score is sum of scores of 9 domains where A=12, B=8, C=1, D=0, and E=0. Total score ranges from 0 to 108 with a higher score indicating greater lupus activity. Time to first severe flare, where a severe flare is defined as at least one BILAG A (Severe disease activity) score in any organ system due to items that are new or worse, compared to the BILAG evaluation at the previous visit, during the 52-Week Treatment. It was measured using Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Response Based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) at Week 52 in Serologically Active (SA) Subgroup | SRI-4 response was defined as greater than or equal to (>=) 4-point reduction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) total score, no new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score, no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and no treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0(no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale =from 0(very well) to 100(very poor). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Response Based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 6 (SRI-6) at Week 52 in Serologically Active Subgroup | SRI-6 response was defined as >= 6-point reduction in SLEDAI-2K total score, no new BILAG A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score and no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system :A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale = from 0(very well) to 100(very poor). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Time to First British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A or 2B Moderate to Severe Flare | BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system based on alphabetic score: A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. BILAG evaluated by scoring each of a list of signs and symptoms as: improving (1); same (2); worse (3); new (4); not present (0); not done (ND). Total BILAG score is sum of scores of 9 domains where A=12, B=8, C=1, D=0, and E=0. Total score ranges from 0 to 108 with a higher score indicating greater lupus activity. A Moderate to Severe (BILAG A or 2B) flare is defined as at least one BILAG A (severe disease activity) grade or two BILAG B (moderate disease activity) grade in any organ system due to items that are new or worse, compared to the BILAG evaluation at the previous visit, during the 52 week treatment. It was measured using Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates. | Baseline up to Week 56 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 Flare-Free Status During the 52-Week Treatment Period | A participant has a flare-free status if no flare has been reported during the 52-week treatment period. Participants who discontinued treatment prior to Week 52, without having a flare are counted as not being flare free at Week 52. A flare was defined as either 1 or more new BILAG-2004 A (severe disease activity) or 2 or more new BILAG-2004 B (moderate disease activity) items compared to the previous visit. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system based on alphabetic score: A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. | up to Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Annualized Flare Rate | A flare was defined as either 1 or more new BILAG-2004 A (severe disease activity) or 2 or more new BILAG-2004 B (moderate disease activity) items compared to the previous visit. The occurrence of a new flare was checked for each available visit versus the previous available visit up to Week 52. If no new flares occurred, the number of flares was set to 0. Otherwise all flares were counted leading to the maximum number of flares of 13. The annualized flare rate was calculated as the number of flares divided by the flare exposure time in days multiplied with 365.25 (1 year). The flare exposure time is the time up to Week 52 (date of BILAG-2004 assessment at Week 52) or up to the date of last available BILAG 2004 assessment. | Baseline up to Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Low Disease Activity Status, Defined by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Score of Less Than or Equal (<= ) 2 at Week 52 | Low disease activity is defined as SLEDAI-2K score <=2. SLEDAI-2K is an activity index that measures disease activity and records feature of active lupus as present or not present. SLEDAI-2K uses a weighted checklist to assign a numerical score based on the presence or absence of 24 symptoms at the time of assessment or during the previous 30 days. Each symptom present is assigned between 1 and 8 points based on its usual clinical importance, yielding a total score that ranges from 0 points (no symptoms) to 105 points (presence of all defined symptoms). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Low Disease Activity Status, Defined by Clinical Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Score of Less Than or Equal (<= ) 2 at Week 52 | Low disease activity is defined as SLEDAI-2K score <=2. SLEDAI-2K is an activity index that measures disease activity and records feature of active lupus as present or not present. SLEDAI-2K uses a weighted checklist to assign a numerical score based on the presence or absence of 24 symptoms at the time of assessment or during the previous 30 days. Each symptom present is assigned between 1 and 8 points based on its usual clinical importance, yielding a total score that ranges from 0 points (no symptoms) to 105 points (presence of all defined symptoms). Clinical SLEDAI-2K score is equal to the SLEDAI-2K score from electronic case report form (eCRF) excluding the components 'Increased Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Binding' and 'Low Complement'. | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) Score at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | SLEDAI-2K is an activity index that measures disease activity and records feature of active lupus as present or not present. SLEDAI-2K uses a weighted checklist to assign a numerical score based on the presence or absence of 24 symptoms at the time of assessment or during the previous 30 days. Each symptom present is assigned between 1 and 8 points based on its usual clinical importance, yielding a total score that ranges from 0 points (no symptoms) to 105 points (presence of all defined symptoms). | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index Activity (CLASI-A) Score at Week 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | CLASI is an validated measurement instrument for lupus erythematosus developed for use in clinical studies that consists of separate scores for the activity of the disease (CLASI-A). The CLASI activity score is calculated on the basis of erythema, scale/hyperkeratosis, mucous membrane involvement, acute hair loss and non-scarring alopecia. The CLASI activity score ranges from 0-70, with higher scores indicating more severe skin disease. Severity categories based on the CLASI activity score are as follows: mild (0-9), moderate (10-20), and severe (21-70). | Baseline, Week 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Response Based on BILAG-Based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) at Week 52 | BICLA response defined as participants meeting following criteria: [1] At least one gradation of improvement in baseline BILAG scores in all body systems with moderate or severe disease activity at entry (example: all A (severe disease) scores falling to B (moderate), C (mild), or D (no activity) and all B scores falling to C or D; [2] No new BILAG A or more than one new BILAG B scores; [3] No worsening of total SLEDAI-2K score from baseline; [4] No significant deterioration (=<10%) in physician's global assessment and [5] No treatment failure (initiation of non-protocol treatment). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG)-2004 Score at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | BILAG 2004 disease activity Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system based on alphabetic score: A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. BILAG evaluated by scoring each of a list of signs and symptoms as: improving (1); same (2); worse (3); new (4); not present (0); not done (ND). Total BILAG score is sum of scores of 9 domains where A=12, B=8, C=1, D=0, and E=0. Total score ranges from 0 to 108 with a higher score indicating greater lupus activity. | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) Score at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | The Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity was recorded using the 100 millimeter horizontal Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Physician rated participant's disease activity on a scale ranged from 0-100 millimeter (mm), where 0 indicated no disease activity and 100 represented maximum disease activity. | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2) Physical Component Summary Score and Mental Component Summary Scores at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 52 | The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was a standardized survey evaluating 8 aspects of functional health and well-being. These eight subscales were summarized as relating to either physical health or mental health. Physical component summary (PCS) was based primarily on physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health scales and mental component summary (MCS) encompasses vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health scales. Score from mental health, role emotional, social functioning, and vitality domains were averaged to calculate MCS. Total score range for MCS was 0 - 100 (100 = highest level of mental functioning). Score from physical function, role physical, bodily pain, and general health domains were averaged to calculate PCS. Total score range for PCS was 0-100 (100 = highest level of physical functioning). | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life 5-dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) Health Outcome Questionnaire at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 52 | The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire is a generic measure of health status that provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value. The EQ-5D-5L profile defines health in terms of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression. Each dimension has five levels: 1: no problems, 2: slight problems, 3: moderate problems, 4: severe problems, and 5: extreme problems. Responses were used to generate a weighted summary index (EQ-5D index), which ranges from 0 (dead) to 1.00 (perfect health). A higher score indicates better health and positive changes from baseline indicate improvement of health. | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in European Quality of Life 5-dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 52 | The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire is a generic measure of health status that provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value. The EQ-5D-5L profile defines health in terms of mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression. Each dimension has five levels: 1: no problems, 2: slight problems, 3: moderate problems, 4: severe problems, and 5: extreme problems. The responses were used to derive overall score using a visual analog scale (VAS) that ranged from 0 to 100 millimeter (mm), where 0 was the worst health you can imagine and 100 was the best health you can imagine. | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL) Questionnaire Score at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 52 | The Lupus QoL assessment is a 34 item questionnaire across 8 domains that is designed to find out how systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects a participant's life. Domains include physical health, pain, planning, intimate relationships, burden to others, emotional health, body image, and fatigue. Participants indicate their responses on a 5-point Likert response format, where 4=never, 3=occasionally, 2= a good bit of the time, 1=most of the time, and 0=worst of the time. Summary scores can be calculated for all 8 domains. A LupusQoL score for each domain was reported on a 0 to 100 scale, with greater values indicating better health related QoL. | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) Scale Score of Any Improvement, no Change and Any Worsening | The PGIC is a self-rated scale that asks the participant to describe the change in activity limitations, symptoms, emotions, and overall quality of life (QoL) related to the participants painful condition on the following scale: 1 (very much improved), 2 (much improved), 3 (minimally improved), 4 (no change), 5 (minimally worse), 6 (much worse) and 7 (very much worse). Number of participants in the PGIC categories of any improvement (that is PGIC scale score 1, 2 or 3), no change (that is PGIC scale score 4) and any worsening (that is PGIC scale score 5, 6 or 7) are reported. | Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) Score at Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 52 | The FACIT-Fatigue score was calculated according to a 13-item questionnaire that assess self reported fatigue and its impact upon daily activities and function. It uses a 5-point Likert-type scale (0 = not at all; 1 = a little bit; 2 = somewhat; 3 = quite a bit; 4 = very much). The sum of all responses resulted in the FACIT-Fatigue score for a total possible score of 0 (worse possible score) to 52 (best score). A higher score reflected an improvement in the participant's health status. | Baseline, Week 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Change From Baseline in Prednisone Equivalent Corticosteroid (CS) Dose by >=25% to a Dose of <=7.5 Milligram Per Day (mg/Day), With no BILAG A or 2B Flare in Disease Activity at Week 52 | BILAG A or 2B flare is defined as at least one BILAG A grade or two BILAG B grade in any organ system due to items that are new or worse, compared to the BILAG evaluation at the previous visit, during the 52 week treatment period. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system based on alphabetic score: A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. | Baseline and Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Change From Baseline to Week 52 in Prednisone Equivalent Corticosteroid (CS) Daily Dose at at Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | Change From Baseline in Prednisone-equivalent CS Daily Dose at Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 were reported. | Baseline, Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Reduction From Baseline in Prednisone Equivalent Corticosteroid (CS) Daily Dose by > 0 to 25%, >25% to 50%, >50% to 100% or an Increase at Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 | Number of Participants With Reduction From Baseline in Prednisone-equivalent Corticosteroid (CS) Daily Dose by > 0 to 25%, >25% to 50%, >50% to 100% or an Increase at Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48 and 52 were reported. | Baseline, Week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, and 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Cumulative Prednisone Equivalent Corticosteroid (CS) Dose at Week 52 | Cumulative Prednisone-equivalent Corticosteroid (CS) Dose was calculated at Week 52. | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With a Sustained Reduction of Oral Corticosteroids (OCS) Dose to 7.5 mg Prednisone Equivalent Per Day or Less With Response Based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) at Week 52 | SRI-4 response was defined as greater than or equal to (>=) 4-point reduction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) total score, no new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score, no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and no treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0(no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale =from 0(very well) to 100(very poor). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With a Sustained Reduction of Oral Corticosteroids (OCS) Dose to 7.5 mg Prednisone Equivalent Per Day or Less With Response Based on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 6 (SRI-6) at Week 52 | SRI-6 response was defined as >= 6-point reduction in SLEDAI-2K total score, no new BILAG A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score and no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0 (no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to SLE, divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system :A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale =from 0(very well) to 100(very poor). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With a Sustained Reduction of Oral Corticosteroids (OCS) Dose to 7.5 mg Prednisone Equivalent Per Day or Less With Response Based on SRI-4 at Week 52 in Serologically Active Subgroup | SRI-4 response was defined as greater than or equal to (>=) 4-point reduction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) total score, no new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A and no more than 1 new BILAG B domain score, no worsening (less than 10 percent increase) from baseline in Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PGA) and no treatment failure. SLEDAI-2K assessment consists of 24 items with total score of 0(no symptoms) to 105 (presence of all defined symptoms) with higher scores representing increased disease activity. BILAG Index: assessing clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory parameters related to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), divided into 9 organ systems. For each organ system A=severe disease, B=moderate disease, C=mild stable disease, D=inactive, but previously active, E=inactive and never affected. The PGA assess disease activity on a visual analogue scale = from very well(0)-very poor(100). | Week 52 | 
| DBPC Period: Number of Participants With Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) at Week 52 | Lupus low disease activity state will be measured as: SLEDAI-2K <= 4; No activity in any major organ systems (renal, central nervous system, cardiopulmonary, vasculitis, fever); No new features of disease activity compared with the previous assessment; Prednisone-equivalent <= 7.5 milligram per day; Unchanged background immunosuppressive therapy. | Week 52 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Safety, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, M2951, Placebo, Dose response, Oral Corticosteroids, Efficacy, Autoimmune And Inflammatory Disorders