The Association Between Restricted Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion and Dynamic Knee Valgus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study was to analyze if a low ankle dorsiflexion range is associate with dynamic knee valgus in youth basketball players.

Detailed Description
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Cross-sectional study. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed by the Weight-bearing lunge test and the dynamic knee valgus by the Single leg squat test. The participants were basketball players who belonged to youth basketball de-velopmental teams in the under-12 (U12), under-14 (U14), under-16 (U16) and under-17 (U17) categories. All participants were recruited by means of simple random sampling from the Catalan Basketball Federation during the 2018-2019 season. The participants were classified according to gender and age as stipulated by the rules determined an-nually for the respective official competitions. The study was carried out in the facilities of each club. The inclusion criteria were being age >12 and ≤17 at testing and actively competing during the study. Subjects were excluded if they had sustained any type of injury in the lower limbs before screening; presented any injury (overuse or acute) at the time of testing; if they had any oncological, psychological and/or psychiatric illnesses; or if they did not attend on the day of the assessment.

Official Title
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The Association Between Restricted Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion and Dynamic Knee Valgus in Non-injured Youth Federated Basketball Players: a Cross-sectional Study

Conditions
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Knee Injuries, Ankle Injuries and Disorders, Movement, Abnormal, Adolescent Development

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Observation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being age >12 and ≤17 at testing and actively competing during the study Exclusion Criteria: Subjects were excluded if they had sustained any type of injury in the lower limbs before screening; presented any injury (overuse or acute) at the time of testing; if they had any oncological, psychological and/or psychiatric illnesses; or if they did not attend on the day of the assessment.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 17 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental group<br>All participants allowed three practice trials for each test in this order: the Weight-bearing lunge test and the Single-leg squat test. Both of them were evaluated through the Leg Motion system (LegMotion, your MOtion®, Albacete, Spain) | Behavioral: Observation<br>* Ankle joint dorsiflexion was evaluated with the Weight-bearing lunge test through the Leg Motion system (LegMotion, your MOtion®, Albacete, Spain). Subjects were instructed to try to bring the knee to touch the metal rod (initially placed at a distance of 10 cm) without lifting the heel off the ground. The distance achieved was recorded in centimeters. Single-leg squat test was analyzed through the Leg Motion system (LegMotion, your MOtion®, Albacete, Spain). It consists of performing a monopodial squat to test dynamic knee valgus. They were to perform a single-leg squat to 30° knee flexion. The knee was considered to be aligned if the patella was over the second toe.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ankle joint dorsiflexion | he Weight-bearing Lunge Test measured with the Leg Motion® system (Check Your Motion, Albacete) was used. Ankle dorsiflexion was recorded in centimeters. | 1 year | 
| Dynamic lower extremity valgus | The Single Leg Squat Test was used. The evaluator recorded a frontal and sagittal view with two filming devices. The knee was considered to be aligned if the patella was over the second toe. | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Age | Years | 1 year | 
| Age categories | According to the age of the participant could compete in 4 categories: U12, U14, U16 or U17. | 1 year | 
| Gender | Male or female | 1 year | 
| Weight | Kilograms | 1 year | 
| Height | Centimeters | 1 year | 
| Wingspan | Centimeters | 1 year | 
| Body mass index | Kg/m2 | 1 year | 
| Hypermobility | Beighton's criteria (scores of >7 points out of a total of 9 points were considered hypermobile) | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Basketball, Adolescent, Knee valgus, Range of motion, Ankle