B Cell Tailored Ocrelizumab Versus Standard Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Rationale: B-cell depleting therapies like ocrelizumab are very effective in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). As B cell repopulation varies extensively between individuals (ranging from 27-175 weeks), using a treatment scheme with a fixed infusion interval may be suboptimal. So far personalized adapted treatment of ocrelizumab in RRMS has not been studied in a prospective setting. Objective: Evaluating the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of ocrelizumab when administered in personalized B cell tailored intervals in RRMS patients. Study design: This is a national multicenter randomized controlled trial with 96 week follow-up. Study population: The study population consists of 296 adult RRMS patients who have received ocrelizumab treatment for a minimum of 12 months (2x 300 mg infusion and 1x 600mg infusion). Intervention: Patients will be randomized into the standard interval group (600 mg infusions every 24 weeks) or the personalized interval group in which the infusions will be extended as long as the serum CD19 B cell count is below 10 CD19 cells/µL, determined every 4 weeks. Main study parameters: To conclude non-inferiority of personalized B cell tailored ocrelizumab there will be two co-primary endpoints: 1. the difference of percentage of confirmed relapse-free patients between the two groups after 96 weeks and 2. the difference of percentage of patients free from new/enlarging T2 lesions on MRI between the two groups after 96 weeks. Secondary study parameters are number of confirmed relapses, annualized relapse rate, number of new T2 lesions and brain atrophy on MRI, disability progression, no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), MS disease biomarkers (serum neurofilament light), quality of life, burden of treatment, immunoglobulin levels and (serious) adverse events including occurrence of infections and COVID-19. Furthermore, various immune cell subsets will be studied in relation to ocrelizumab concentration in a subgroup. Nature and extent of the burden and risks: All patients will be subjected to visits every 24 weeks including clinical scoring and questionnaires. Blood samples and MRI scans will be taken and performed every 48 weeks. Continuous assessment of key stroke dynamics on the patients smartphone and monthly digital cognitive test and walk test will be performed in most patients. As CD19 B cells are kept near complete depletion, the estimated risk of recurrence of disease activity is very low.

Official Title
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Efficacy, Safety and Cost-effectiveness of B Cell Tailored Ocrelizumab Versus Standard Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Ocrelizumab


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: A current diagnosis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis according to the 2017 McDonald criteria34 EDSS score of 0 to 6.5 Treatment with ocrelizumab for a minimum of 48 weeks (two 300 mg infusions and one 600 mg infusion) Exclusion Criteria: Previous treatment with alemtuzumab, cladribine or stem cell transplantation Relapse in the past 3 months prior to inclusion Subsequent treatment with another DMT next to ocrelizumab in the past 6 months prior to inclusion Inability to undergo regular MRI scanning Women who are pregnant or expect to become pregnant during the study period

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial in The Netherlands
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Standard interval dosing<br>The standard group will receive ocrelizumab every 24 weeks following the current label. | |
| Experimental: Personalized B cell tailored ocrelizumab treatment<br>The personalized group will start with B cell measurements 24 weeks after the last infusion (baseline). The infusion interval will never be shorter than 24 weeks. The personalized group will start the study with a possible extension of the interval. The infusion will be postponed as long as CD19 B cell count stays below 10 cells/µL (determined every 4 weeks). When CD19 B cell count exceeds or is equal to 10 cells/µL, ocrelizumab infusion will be scheduled within two weeks | Drug: Ocrelizumab<br>* Personalized B cell tailored ocrelizumab treatment<br>* Other names: ocrevus;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Confirmed relapse-free patients | Difference of percentage of confirmed relapse-free patients between the two treatment groups after 96 weeks follow-up. | 96 weeks | 
| Change of T2 lesions on brain MR | Difference of percentage of patients without new/enlarging T2 MRI lesions between the two treatment groups after 96 weeks follow-up. | 96 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Annualized relapse rate | Clinical relapses during B-cell tailored dosing | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| Total number of active (new and/or enlarging) T2 lesions on brain MRI | In comparison to the baseline MRI and number of active MRI scans. | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| Disability progression during follow-up | Disability progression measured on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | Baseline, 6 months,12 months, 18 months, 24 months | 
| Disability progression during follow-up | Disability progression measured on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| Brain atrophy | Rate of brain atrophy comparing baseline MRI and MRI at 96 weeks. | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| NEDA (no evidence of disease activity) | NEDA is defined as absence of confirmed relapses, MRI disease activity (new/enlarging T2 lesions) and confirmed disability progression. | 96 weeks | 
| Change of neurofilament light | Measured in serum | 96 weeks | 
| Change of quality of life | Measured by the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| Change of burden of treatment | measured by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| Ocrelizumab wearing-off effect | Presence of a possible wearing-off effect measured by a questionnaire developed by the Amsterdam MS Center | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| IgG levels | Change of IgG levels | Baseline, year 1, year 2 | 
| Cost analysis | Cost-utility analysis using EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) | 96 weeks | 
| Disability progression: decrease of hand mobility | Significant decrease of hand mobility measured by an app that analyses key stroke dynamics. The dynamics are measured continuously and analysed every 6 months. | Baseline, 6 months,12 months, 18 months, 24 months | 
| Disability progression: two minute walking distance | Significant decrease of walking distance measured by an app that analyses distance using GPS signal. The test is taken monthly and analysed every 6 months. | Baseline, 6 months,12 months, 18 months, 24 months | 
| Disability progression: cognitive impairment | Significant decrease of cognitive impairment measured by an app that is validated for a digital Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The test is taken monthly and analysed every 6 months. | Baseline, 6 months,12 months, 18 months, 24 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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ocrevus, ocrelizumab, personalised dosing