Usefulness of Cephalometry in the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy in the Diagnosis of Fetal Microretrognathia

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Congenital retrognathia, with or without Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS), is a rare anomaly which can be associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Respiratory and feeding consequences can be present at birth. After birth, the diagnosis of retrognathia is based on the clinical examination. Cephalometry can be used to complete the diagnosis. Several authors have proposed the use of objective quantitative ultrasound parameters for the antenatal screening of PRS. In our study, the investigators evaluated fetal cephalometry. The aim First, the investigators studied the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of cephalometry. Second, the investigators established reference values for antenatal cephalometry in normal fetuses. Third, the investigators compared the diagnostic performance of cephalometry and the other angles described in the literature for the diagnosis of retrognathia.

Official Title
-----------------
Usefulness of Cephalometry in the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy in the Diagnosis of Fetal Microretrognathia : Prenatal Cephal

Conditions
-----------------
Pierre Robin Sequence

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Fetal cephalometry


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion criteria: Pregnant patient (Aged >18years old) with one or more fetuses suffering from a microretrognathia diagnosed prenatally integrated into a Pierre Robin Sequence Exclusion criteria: Uncvertain diagnosis Absence of 3D rendering volume

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 44 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Case group (Retrognatism)<br>All pregnant patients with one or more fetuses suffering from a microretrognathia, diagnosed prenatally and integrated into a Pierre Robin Sequence, were included. All cases were confirmed postnatally, either by a pediatric examination or by a fetopathological examination in the case of a medical termination of the pregnancy. We had 21 cases. | Other: Fetal cephalometry<br>* Fetal cephalometry<br>|
| Control group<br>47 pregnant patients with fetus without facial abnormalities | Other: Fetal cephalometry<br>* Fetal cephalometry<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reproducibility of cephalometry | Reproducibility of cephalometry | During ultrasound | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perfomance of several angle to diagnose retrognatism | Perfomance of several angle to diagnose retrognatism | During ultrasound | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
with one or more fetuses suffering from a microretrognathia, Cephalometry, Prenatal Diagnosis, Facial angles, Fetal echography, Microretrognathia, diagnosed prenatally