Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Proprioceptive Defect

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is the first research study to examine the peripheral and spinal proprioceptive deficits in AIS subjects in a comprehensive manner. It will determine normative values with reference to age, the relationship of proprioceptive changes to curve pattern, magnitude and progression, as well as whether all joints are equally affected, and thus address definitively the contribution of spinal proprioception to aetiology. Furthermore, as little is known about the measurement of proprioceptive sense, the present protocol from the study could be a reference measurement guide for detecting the proprioceptive sense in normal individuals, as well as to identify those with high risk for curve progression.

Official Title
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The Role of Proprioceptive Deficits in the Progression of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Conditions
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Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Repositioning


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients cannot receive previous conservative and surgical intervention for AIS in order to prevent any potential inferences of treatment Exclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded if they have Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, developmental delay, or symptomatic spondylolisthesis

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| AIS with Proprioceptive Defect<br>AIS subjects possessing statistically significant difference on testing outcomes compared with healthy controls. | Diagnostic Test: Repositioning<br>* Trunk circumduction test Trunk flexion-hyperextension test Trunk lateral flexion test Trunk axial rotation test Finger-to-Nose test Fukuda stepping test<br>|
| AIS without Proprioceptive Defect<br>AIS subjects with similar testing results compared with healthy controls. | Diagnostic Test: Repositioning<br>* Trunk circumduction test Trunk flexion-hyperextension test Trunk lateral flexion test Trunk axial rotation test Finger-to-Nose test Fukuda stepping test<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Constant Error (CE) | The CE is the positive/negative difference between the position that was actively achieved by the subject and the target position. | Baseline | 
| Absolute Error (AE) | The AE is the average absolute deviation between the position achieved by the subject and the target position. | Baseline | 
| Variable Error (VE) | The VE is the difference between the position achieved by the subject on each trial and the subject's own average error. | Baseline | 
| Total Variability (TE) | The TE is the sum of the squared differences, in which each difference is the amount by which the subject missed the target angle for a given trial. | Baseline | 
| Change from baseline CE at 1 year follow up | The CE is the positive/negative difference between the position that was actively achieved by the subject and the target position. | One year | 
| Change from baseline AE at 1 year follow up | The AE is the average absolute deviation between the position achieved by the subject and the target position. | One year | 
| Change from baseline VE at 1 year follow up | The VE is the difference between the position achieved by the subject on each trial and the subject's own average error. | One year | 
| Change from baseline TE at 1 year follow up | The TE is the sum of the squared differences, in which each difference is the amount by which the subject missed the target angle for a given trial. | One year | 
| Change from baseline CE at 2 years follow up | The CE is the positive/negative difference between the position that was actively achieved by the subject and the target position. | Two years | 
| Change from baseline AE at 2 years follow up | The AE is the average absolute deviation between the position achieved by the subject and the target position. | Two years | 
| Change from baseline VE at 2 years follow up | The VE is the difference between the position achieved by the subject on each trial and the subject's own average error. | Two years | 
| Change from baseline TE at 2 years follow up | The TE is the sum of the squared differences, in which each difference is the amount by which the subject missed the target angle for a given trial. | Two years |