Comparison of Stethee® to the Conventional Stethoscope for Auscultation of Simulated Heart Sounds

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this study is to compare the relative capability of Stethee® (new wireless digital stethoscope) and 3M™ Littmann® Classic III™ (conventional stethoscope) in the identification of manikin-simulated heart sounds by medical doctors. A randomised, non-blinded, two-period crossover, non-inferiority design will be used to compare the acoustic performance of the two stethoscopes. We aim to determine if Stethee® is as effective as 3M™ Littmann® Classic III™ for auscultation of simulated heart sounds, and whether Stethee® could be recommended for use in clinical practice based on a non-inferior comparison with 3M™ Littmann® Classic III™.

Detailed Description
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This is a randomised, non-blinded, two-period crossover, non-inferiority study. Stethee®, a new wireless digital stethoscope, is designed to minimise ambient noise associated with electronic stethoscopes. To date, its acoustic capability in comparison to the conventional stethoscope in the auscultation of heart sounds is not known. Therefore, it is important that Stethee®'s capability as a stethoscope with sound amplification be evaluated alongside the conventional stethoscope prior to its use in the clinical setting. As acoustic performance is the primary endpoint, a non-inferiority design is proposed to enable the comparison of the mutual functionalities of the two stethoscopes. The rationale for a non-inferiority design is that: (a) electronic stethoscopes have shown a marginal benefit over conventional stethoscopes in terms of acoustic performance; (b) electronic stethoscopes have several functional advantages over conventional stethoscopes: the ability to analyse heart sounds and record heart sounds, the availability of a database for storage of heart sounds for remote analysis; and (c) electronic stethoscopes were rated better than conventional stethoscopes in terms of the overall quality of auscultation. The relative capability of Stethee® is compared to that of 3M™ Littmann® Classic III™ by the identification of heart sounds simulated by a manikin, which functions as a surrogate patient. A random sample of non-specialist doctors stratified by health centres in Perak, Malaysia, who meet eligibility criteria and provide written consent to participate, will be randomised to initial testing with Stethee® or 3M™ Littmann® Classic III™ to perform cardiac auscultation on a manikin and identify a set of 10 heart sounds. After a 10-minute break, they will repeat the auscultation of the same 10 simulated heart sounds but played in a different sequence with the alternate stethoscope. Following the completion of both tests, the doctors will be asked to complete a questionnaire that asks about their preference for either Stethee® or 3M™ Littmann® Classic III™ with respect to ease of use, audio clarity, and diagnostic accuracy. At the end of the study, answer sheets and preference questionnaires will be collected for grading and analysis.

Official Title
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Comparison of Stethee® to the Conventional Stethoscope for Auscultation of Simulated Heart Sounds: A Randomised, Crossover, Non-Inferiority Trial (STELIT)

Conditions
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Heart Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Stethee®
* Device: 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Non-specialist medical doctors with up to 6 years of working experience post-house officer training Non-specialist medical doctors currently working in the Medical, Paediatric, Anaesthesiology, and Emergency departments of specialist hospitals Exclusion Criteria: 1. Non-specialist medical doctors who have worked in the Cardiology department for more than 6 months
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Stethee (new stethoscope)<br>Test 1: Use Stethee® to auscultate and identify a set of 10 manikin-simulated heart sounds. Test 2: After a 10-minute break, use 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM to auscultate and identify the same set of 10 manikin-simulated heart sounds but played in a different sequence to Test 1. | Device: Stethee®<br>* Stethee® is a new wireless digital stethoscope.<br>Device: 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM<br>* 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM is the conventional stethoscope.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Littmann (conventional stethoscope)<br>Test 1: Use 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM to auscultate and identify a set of 10 manikin-simulated heart sounds. Test 2: After a 10-minute break, use Stethee® to auscultate and identify the same set of 10 manikin-simulated heart sounds but played in a different sequence to Test 1. | Device: Stethee®<br>* Stethee® is a new wireless digital stethoscope.<br>Device: 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM<br>* 3MTM Littmann® Classic IIITM is the conventional stethoscope.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correctly identified manikin-simulated heart sounds | The proportion of correctly identified heart sounds between groups will be compared. The test consist of 10 cardiac conditions (represented by 10 manikin-simulated heart sounds). Subjects (medical doctors) are required to auscultate each heart sound and write the complete answer on the answer sheet. The 'all-or-nothing' marking scheme is used, i.e. answers must exactly match the marking scheme. | Measured immediately after the test | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| User preference for the two stethoscopes | User preference for the two stethoscopes with respect to ease of use, audio clarity, and diagnostic accuracy, will be compared between groups. This will be estimated as a proportion preferring Stethee® for each domain. | Measured immediately after the test | 
| Difference in the performance between subgroup of doctors from different clinical settings | The performance of subgroup of doctors in specialist hospitals and doctors in non-specialist hospitals or primary care clinics will be compared. This will be estimated as a proportion difference of correctly identified heart sounds for each doctor subgroup. | Measured immediately after the test | 
| Comparison of the performance of the two stethoscopes in identifying heart sounds of different levels of difficulty | The performance of the two stethoscopes in identifying heart sounds of different levels of difficulty (normal, easy, moderately difficult, difficult) will be compared. This is estimated as a proportion difference of correctly identified heart sounds for each type of heart sound. | Measured immediately after the test | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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heart sounds, Stethee, electronic stethoscope