Effect of Class IV Laser Therapy and Pilates Exercises on Bone Density and Pain in Primary Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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the current study was to investigate the effect of class IV laser therapy and Pilates exercises on bone density in Osteoporosis.Sixty patients with osteoporosis (T-score values below -2.5) in lumbar spine with no evidence of vertebral compression fractures were recruited from October 6 University Hospital and Kaser El-aini Hospital, Cairo - Egypt from February 2019 to November 2019. Their age ranged from 40 to 60 years old. Patients with a history of tumors, ovariectomy, heart disease, renal failure, disc prolapse, or any trauma to the back area were excluded from the study

Detailed Description
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They were allocated randomly into three groups: Group A consists of 20 patients received a multiwave locked system laser, group B consists of 20 patients received Pilates exercises and group C consists of 20 patients received a multiwave locked system laser and Pilates exercises. Patients with a history of tumors, ovariectomy, heart disease, renal failure, disc prolapse, or any trauma to the back area were excluded from the study. All patients who participated in the current study did not intake any medications to accelerate bone density like vitamin D or calcium. The randomization method was applied by asking each patient to choose a piece of paper that the (A), (B), or (C) letter was written. (A) considered the LLLT group, (B) considered the Pilates exercise group, while (C) considered the LLLT and Pilates exercises group. Both patients, the examiner, and therapist were blinded from the selection process.

Official Title
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Effect of Class IV Laser Therapy and Pilates Exercises on Bone Density and Pain in Primary Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Osteoporosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Radiation: laser therapy
* Other: exercise
* Other: combination


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with osteoporosis (T-score values below -2.5) Exclusion Criteria: Patients with a history of tumors, ovariectomy, heart disease, renal failure, disc prolapse, or any trauma to the back area

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: group A<br>consists of 20 patients received a multiwave locked system laser | Radiation: laser therapy<br>* performed by MLS® Laser Therapy (ASA Srl, Vicenza, Italy). It is designed to synchronize between two modules. One is emitting at 905 nm, with peak optical power = 25 W; each pulse is composed of a pulse train (single pulse width = 100 ns, maximum frequency 90 kHz). The frequency of the pulse trains varied between 1 and 2000 Hz. The other one is emitting at 808 nm in a continuous mode (power 1.1 W) or pulsed mode (pulses repetition rate 1-2000 Hz).<br>|
| Experimental: group B<br>consists of 20 patients received Pilates exercises | Other: exercise<br>* The exercises were applied on a floor mat to achieve a full body workout with 10 repetitions for each exercise and rest for one minute before beginning the next exercise to avoid muscle fatigue as the following. Modified Hundred Modified Single Leg Stretch One Leg Circle Modified Scissors<br>|
| Experimental: group C<br>consists of 20 patients received a multiwave locked system laser and Pilates exercises | Other: combination<br>* laser therapy + Pilates exercises<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DEXA | Model QDR-1000W, NORLAND; Hologic Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, USA was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in mg/cm2. | 8 weeks | 
| Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) | Pain intensity was measured by using NPRS which consists of an11-points numeric scale range from '0' representing 'no pain' to '10' representing 'the worst pain'. All patients were instructed to choose a number from 0 to 10 that describe their pain. The classification of pain intensity on the scale was: 0 indicate no pain, points from 1-3 indicate mild pain, points from 4-6 indicate moderate pain, and points from 7-10 indicate severe pain | 8 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Osteoporosis, LLLT, multiwave locked system laser, Physical therapy modalities, DEXA, Pilates exercises