The 5R Shared Leadership Program in Older Adult Walking Groups

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To test the efficacy of the 5R Shared Leadership program in older adults on participants' identification with their walking group, group cohesion, walking activity, and well-being, compared to a regular group walking program, the investigators conducted a cluster randomised trial.

Detailed Description
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All walking groups participated in a 12-week structured group walking program. Half of these walking groups were randomly assigned to the intervention condition and received additionally the 5R Shared Leadership Program

Official Title
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The 5R Shared Leadership Program in Older Adult Walking Groups: A Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Leadership, Identification, Empowerment

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: 5R Shared Leadership Program
* Behavioral: 12-week structured walking program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being part of a community-based OKRA SPORT+ meeting point that engages in the 12-week walking program Exclusion Criteria: n/a

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Clustered randomised controlled trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: A structured 12-week group walking program<br>Participants engaged in an evidence-based 12-week walking program. | Behavioral: 12-week structured walking program<br>* Participants engaged in an evidence-based 12-week structured walking program, which aimed to enhance participants' physical activity and aerobic fitness levels based on personalised walking schedules and weekly group walks organised by the community-based meeting points.<br>|
| Experimental: A structured 12-week group walking program + 5RS<br>In addition to the 12-week group walking program, participants engaged in the 5R Shared Leadership Program, which implements a structure of shared leadership and strengthens the identity leadership skills of the appointed peer leaders. | Behavioral: 5R Shared Leadership Program<br>* The manualised 5RS program aims to develop the leadership qualities of peer leaders by teaching them how to create, embody, advance, and embed a collective sense of 'us' in their teams. More specifically, 5RS consists of two key components that involve (1) implementing a structure of shared leadership, and (2) strengthening the identity leadership skills of the appointed peer leaders (Fransen et al., 2020). Fransen, K., Haslam, S. A., Steffens, N. K., Mallett, C. J., Peters, K., Mertens, N., & Boen, F. (2020). All for us and us for all: Introducing the 5R Shared Leadership Program. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101762 Haslam, S. A., Steffens, N. K., Peters, K., Boyce, R. A., Mallett, C. J., & Fransen, K. (2017). A social identity approach to leadership development: The 5R program. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 16(3), 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000176<br>Behavioral: 12-week structured walking program<br>* Participants engaged in an evidence-based 12-week structured walking program, which aimed to enhance participants' physical activity and aerobic fitness levels based on personalised walking schedules and weekly group walks organised by the community-based meeting points.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Identity leadership | 4-item Identity Leadership Inventory-Short Form | 12 weeks | 
| Group identification scale | To assess participants' identification with their walking group, the investigators use the 4-item group identification measure (e.g., I am glad to be a member of this walking group.), as suggested by Doosje et al. (1995). The cognitive, evaluative, and affective aspects of identification are evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Doosje B, Ellemers N, Spears R. Perceived intragroup variability as a function of group status and identification. J Exp Soc Psychol. 1995;31(5):410-36. | 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Group cohesion | Group Environment Questionnaire - A higher score corresponds with a higher group cohesion | 12 weeks | 
| Well-being | Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. It comprises 14 positively phrased items (e.g., I've been feeling good about myself) rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). A higher score corresponds with a higher well-being | 12 weeks | 
| Walking activity | International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form | 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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5RS, group identification, social identification, peer leadership, identity leadership, elderly, physical activity, well-being, cohesion, walking group