Pressure Intensity of a Chinese Massage Technique for Treating Low Back Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The Investigators conduct this study to compare two different massage methods with buffalo horn technique: the deep massage and the superficial massage. To explore the effects of the two interventions on low back pain, the investigators evaluated the outcome measurements regarding pain severity and physical functions before and after 6 times of treatment through a 3-week period.

Detailed Description
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Background: Nonspecific lower back pain is an important global health issue, with high prevalence over the world and causing huge economic loss. This research is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. In this study the investigators introduce a technique derived from traditional Chinese massage using a special tool made from buffalo's horns to perform the massage, so called buffalo horn technique. The tool is like a short rod in about 15-cm length with a cone-like end. During the massage, the therapist presses the cone-like end against the painful region of back. Because the cone-like end has a small contact area with the participant's body surface, it may release deep layer fascia with higher pressure produced by the therapist toward the treatment area. During the intervention of shallow massage, the therapist applies a lower force then that used in the deep massage. Thus it produces a lower pressure on the painful region due to a larger contact surface when pressing the rod end against the body of the participant. Participants are randomly assigned to either deep-massage group (DM) or superficial-massage (SM) group. The participants received two sessions a week for a total six sessions. The outcome measures include the structured questionnaire to investigate the pain-related outcomes and back pain-related disabilities. The investigators also perform the clinical assessments such as range of motion of trunk. All the outcomes are assessed before-intervention (pretest) and after the end of intervention (posttest).

Official Title
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The Effect of Pressure Intensity of a Chinese Massage With the Buffalo Horn Technique on Pain Relief for Mechanical Low Back Pain.

Conditions
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Low Back Pain, Mechanical

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Buffalo horn technique


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Female Non-specific low back pain over 1 months 20-65 years old No experience of massage therapy within 2 months prior to the study inclusion. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy Back pain associated with systemic disease (autoimmune, infectious, vascular, endocrine, metabolic, or neoplastic disease) Previous spine surgery. Presentation with neurological signs such as radiating pain. .Skin diseases (psoriasis, urticaria, wounds, etc.)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The patients are randomly assigned into two treatment arms.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Deep massage (DM) group<br>The therapist performs the deep massage with buffalo horn technique. A small rod with a cone-like end was used in the technique. By pressuring the rod end with a higher force against the body surface of the participant, it produces higher pressure that may release the deep-layer fascia of muscles. Thus this technique features a deep massage. | Other: Buffalo horn technique<br>* The participants receive a 30-min massage session, twice a week for a total 6 sessions.<br>* Other names: Massage with a Chinese therapeutic tool;|
| Active Comparator: Superficial massage (SM) group<br>The therapist performs the superficial massage with buffalo horn technique. By pressuring the rod end with a lower force against the body surface of the participant, it produces lower pressure. Thus this intervention features a superficial massage. | Other: Buffalo horn technique<br>* The participants receive a 30-min massage session, twice a week for a total 6 sessions.<br>* Other names: Massage with a Chinese therapeutic tool;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain severity | 0-100mm VAS where 0 represents no pain and 100 represents the strongest pain | 7 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oswestry Disability Index | Patients rate the severity (from no problem scored 0 to the worst scored 5) on 10 daily activities. Thus the total scores range from 0 to 50. | 7 weeks | 
| Roland-Morris Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire | Participants answer true or false on 24 items that describe the impact of low back pain on daily activity. Thus the total scores range from 0 to 24. | 7 weeks | 
| Short form of World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) | The Chinese version has 28 items covering 4 domains in terms of physical, emotional, social, and environmental. Scores are transformed from 0 to 100 for each domain with higher scores indicating better quality of life. | 7 weeks | 
| Pain pressure threshold | Using the pressure algometer to measure the pressure enough to elicit the tenderness, | 3 weeks | 
| Range of motion (ROM) of the trunk | ROM of flexion and extension of the back | 3 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Alternative therapy, Massage, Manual therapy, Myofascial