Applications of MRI in Kidney Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study has two major purposes: To test developed multiple anatomic and functional MRI methods; To evaluate the potentials of these MRI methods in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the progression of renal dysfunction. These purposes will be achieved by performing pilot studies with cohorts of patients.

Detailed Description
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This study is observational with no intervention applied for the patients. In this study, multiple anatomic and functional MRI methods will be performed with three cohorts of patients. In addition to anatomic MRI methods, non-contrast enhanced functional MRI methods will also be applied to evaluate tissue perfusion and vascular reactivity in these patients.

Official Title
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Applications of MRI in Kidney Disease

Conditions
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Chronic Kidney Disease, End-stage Kidney Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention but only observational


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: English-speaking as primary language Able to complete an approximately 75 to 90 minute cognitive and/or physical tests Capable to consent to studies Exclusion Criteria: Acute psychiatric illness that would impede cognitive testing Active chemical dependence, such as alcohol, narcotics or other drugs Legally blind or unable to complete cognitive tests due to visual loss or deafness Renal transplant recipient at time of screening or baseline Severe CI unable to complete the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MSE] Chronic and acute pulmonary disease

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Non-CKD (Control)<br>Patients without CKD (eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 mm2) (non-CKD controls). No intervention but only observational. | Other: No intervention but only observational<br>* This study is a cross-sectional and observational MRI study with three cohorts of patients, and no interventions will be applied.<br>|
| CKD (chronic kidney disease)<br>Patients with Patients with moderate to severe CKD (eGFR ranging from 26 to 44 ml/min/1.73 mm2). No intervention but only observational. | Other: No intervention but only observational<br>* This study is a cross-sectional and observational MRI study with three cohorts of patients, and no interventions will be applied.<br>|
| ESRD (end-stage renal disease)<br>Patients with advanced CKD (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 mm2), preparing for or undergoing the standard thrice-weekly HD or standard PD treatment (end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients). No intervention but only observational. | Other: No intervention but only observational<br>* This study is a cross-sectional and observational MRI study with three cohorts of patients, and no interventions will be applied.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| MRI measured perfusion for each patient group | MRI measurements will be summarized for each patient group by using mean and standard deviation or standard error. | Baseline |