Pharmacological Interaction Between Carvedilol and Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determinate the effect of a pre-treatment with carvedilol, a alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy). The investigators hypothesize that carvedilol will attenuate the cardiovascular and subjective response to MDMA.

Detailed Description
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3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is widely used by young people for its euphoric effects. MDMA releases serotonin (5-HT), dopamine, and norepinephrine (NE). NE release is thought to mediate the cardiovascular effects of MDMA and may also contribute to its psychostimulant effects. However, the functional role of adrenergic postsynaptic receptors in the cardiovascular and subjective effects of MDMA in humans is largely unclear. To determine the role of alpha- and beta adrenergic receptors in the response to MDMA in humans the investigators test the effects of the alpha- and beta-receptor blocker carvedilol on the physiological and subjective effects of MDMA. The investigators use a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design with four experimental sessions. Carvedilol or placebo will be administered 1 h before MDMA or placebo to 16 healthy volunteers. Subjective and cardiovascular responses will be repeatedly assessed throughout the experiments and plasma samples are collected for pharmacokinetics. The primary hypothesis is that carvedilol will significantly reduce the blood pressure response to MDMA.

Official Title
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Effects of Carvedilol on the Cardiovascular and Subjective Response to MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Ecstasy)

Conditions
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Mood Disorder, Substance-Related Disorders, Amphetamine-Related Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
* Drug: carvedilol
* Drug: placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Sufficient understanding of the German language Subjects understand the procedures and the risks associated with the study Participants must be willing to adhere to the protocol and sign the consent form Participants must be willing to refrain from taking illicit psychoactive substances during the study. Participants must be willing to drink only alcohol-free liquids and no xanthine-containing liquids (such as coffee, black or green tea, red bull, chocolate) after midnight of the evening before the study session. Subjects must agree not to smoke tobacco for 1 h before and 4 hours after MDMA administration. Participants must be willing not to drive a traffic vehicle in the evening of the study day. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at the beginning of the study and must agree to use an effective form of birth control. Pregnancy tests are repeated before each study session. Body mass index: 18-25 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Chronic or acute medical condition including clinically relevant abnormality in physical exam, laboratory values, or ECG. In particular: Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg). Personal or first-grade history of seizures. Cardiac or neurological disorder. Current or previous psychotic or affective disorder Psychotic or affective disorder in first-degree relatives Prior illicit drug use (except Tetrahydrocannabinol-containing products) more than 5 times or any time within the previous 2 months. Pregnant or nursing women. Participation in another clinical trial (currently or within the last 30 days) Use of medications that are contraindicated or otherwise interfere with the effects of the study medications (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antidepressants, sedatives etc.)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: carvedilol, MDMA, placebo<br>Cross-over within-subjects design with all treatment conditions tested in the same subject. This design has 1 arm but two (actually 4) treatment conditions in the same subject. | Drug: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine<br>* 125 mg per os, single dose<br>* Other names: Adam;Drug: carvedilol<br>* 50 mg per os, single dose<br>Drug: placebo<br>* capsules identical to MDMA or carvedilol<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effect of carvedilol on the blood pressure response to MDMA |  | 24 h | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effect of carvedilol on the subjective response to MDMA |  | 24 h | 
| Effect of carvedilol on neuroendocrine effects of MDMA |  | 7 h | 
| Effect of carvedilol on pharmacokinetics of MDMA |  | 7 h | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Ecstasy, MDMA, carvedilol, norepinephrine, alpha - beta receptor, stimulant