Comparison of the Swallowing Functions in Sarcopenia and Dynapenia

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of the study to investigate the comparison of the swallowing functions of the sarcopenia and dynapenia in older patients

Detailed Description
-----------------
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome; from skeletal muscle, and in its usefulness. Dynapenia is a picture of sarcopenia without measurable muscle mass. It has been shown that dysphagia complaints are more common in patients with sarcopenia than in the normal population, but a comparison with patients with dynapenia has not been made to the best of our knowledge. According to the algorithm of The International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM), experts in the special interest group on sarcopenia, in the routine examination of patients aged 60-90 years who applied to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic with complaints of decreased muscle function, weakness, and slow movement, or sarcopenia or Patients with dynapenia and patients without Sarcopenia disease who volunteered to participate in the study will be included in the order of application to the outpatient clinic.

Official Title
-----------------
Comparison of the Swallowing Functions of the Sarcopenia and Dynapenia Patients

Conditions
-----------------
Sarcopenia, Dysphagia, Swallowing Disorder

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age between 60-90 years Sarcopenia and dynapenia patients in study groups Non- sarcopenia and non-dynapenia patients in control groups Patients who were accept to consent form Exclusion Criteria: Severe sarcopenia patients Cognitive limitations Out of age 60-90 years old Patients who were not accept to consent form

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group A<br>Sarcopenia patients. | |
| Group B<br>Dynapenia patients. | |
| Group C<br>Age and gender matched non-sarcopenia and non-dynapenia patients. | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The values of Pharyngeal Residue Severity | It was assessed with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing. Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing results were scored on Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating scale. The scores of scale were none, trace, mild, moderate, and severe. The high-grade symptom scores were worst, low scores were good swallowing functions. | Baseline | 
| The values of penetration and aspiration | It was assessed with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing. Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing results were scored on the Penetration and aspiration scale. The scores of scale were between 1-8 points. The high points were worst, low points were good swallowing functions. | Baseline | 
| The evaluation of eating and swallowing functions | They were assessed by Eating Assessment Tool in participants. Composite Score ranges from 0 ( good) to 4 (worst). The minimum total score was 0 and the maximum total score was 40. The cut-off value was 3 points. High scores show worst eating and swallowing functions, and low quality of life. | Baseline | 
| The evaluation of depression | They were assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale in participants. The scores between 0-10 were no depression, between 11-13 points were probably depression, and higher of 14 points were exact depression. | Baseline | 
| The values of muscle strength | They were assessed as newton by hand grip device. | Baseline | 
| The values of muscle mass | The diameters of tigh were measured with tailor meter by a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation professionals (measure unit is cm). | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mean of demographic | Age, gender, history of smoke, history of morbidities, diagnosis, stage, were noted | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
sarcopenia, dynapenia, swallowing, deglutition, dysphagia