Cortical Excitability in Patients With Severe Brain Injury

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study is to evaluate the cortical excitability in the severe brain injured patients. We hypothesize that: There is a continuous decrease in intracortical inhibition from healthy subjects to awake patients with severe brain injury, and to patients with impaired consciousness. Decreased intracortical inhibition correlate with the degree of impairment assessed with the clinical scores in patients with severe brain injury.

Detailed Description
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Design: Prospective controlled non-randomized study. Materials and methods: 30 patients with severe brain injury and 15 healthy volunteers will be included in this study. The study design is illustrated below: Clinical assessment (Rancho Los Amigos Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Early Functional Abilities). Somatosensory Evoked Potentials. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: single and paired stimulation protocols. Statistical evaluation: All collected data will be tested with reference to normal distribution. If the data is not distributed normally, then we will use either a logarithmic transformation before we use parametric statistics, or we will use non-parametric statistics for further calculations.Further analysis of the data will be done with the help of variance analysis with an inter-individually factor as a group (awake patients vs patients with disorders of consciousness vs control persons) and intra-individually factors as 1) interstimulus intervals for transcranial magnetic stimulation and clinical scores (RLAS vs FIM vs EFA). Significance level is set to 0.05 for all effect parameters.

Official Title
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Cortical Excitability in Patients With Severe Brain Injury

Conditions
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Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Anoxic Brain Injury

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) less than 8 on admission to the acute hospital); stable vital functions; age over 18 years old; informed content from patient/relatives/legal guardian. Exclusion Criteria: other neurological diseases than brain injury; pregnancy; TMS contraindications (epilepsy, metallic implantants: pacemaker or medicine pump, ferromagnetic or electronically operated stapedial implants, haemostatic clips, metallic splinters in the orbit).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 1<br>Patients with severe brain injury, awake, but have cognitive problems | Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation<br>* Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using paired-pulse technique at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) allows the study of the excitatory and inhibitory system of human motor cortex non-invasively. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) will be recorded, and stored on a VikingSelect (Viasys Healthcare, USA). Two magnetic stimulators (Magstim 200, The Magstim Company Ltd, U.K.) connected through a Bistim and a Magstim figure-of-eight coil will be used for TMS.<br>* Other names: Paired-pulse transcanial magnetic stimulation;|
| Experimental: 2<br>Patients with severe brain injury and disorders of consciousness ( in minimally conscious or in vegetative state) | Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation<br>* Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using paired-pulse technique at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) allows the study of the excitatory and inhibitory system of human motor cortex non-invasively. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) will be recorded, and stored on a VikingSelect (Viasys Healthcare, USA). Two magnetic stimulators (Magstim 200, The Magstim Company Ltd, U.K.) connected through a Bistim and a Magstim figure-of-eight coil will be used for TMS.<br>* Other names: Paired-pulse transcanial magnetic stimulation;|
| Experimental: 3<br>Healthy volunteers | Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation<br>* Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using paired-pulse technique at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) allows the study of the excitatory and inhibitory system of human motor cortex non-invasively. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) will be recorded, and stored on a VikingSelect (Viasys Healthcare, USA). Two magnetic stimulators (Magstim 200, The Magstim Company Ltd, U.K.) connected through a Bistim and a Magstim figure-of-eight coil will be used for TMS.<br>* Other names: Paired-pulse transcanial magnetic stimulation;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Short Afferent Inhibition |  | Within one week after clinical assessment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Short Intracortical Inhibition |  | Within one week after clinical assessment | 
| Intracortical Facilitation |  | Within one week after clinical assessment | 
| Motor threshold |  | Within one week after clinical assessment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Severe Brain Injury, Excitability, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation