The Effect of Acupressure in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Abstract Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis and affects people's functional status with quality of life. This study was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure on pain, functional status, and quality of life in patients living with knee osteoarthritis. Acupressure application and follow-ups were performed by the researcher in the patient's home environment. The study was performed with 90 patients, 45 in the intervention group and 45 in the control group. Acupressure was performed two days a week for four weeks with a total of eight sessions on the ST34, ST35, ST36, SP9, SP10, GB34 acupuncture points following an acupressure practice guide prepared by the researcher. It was determined that while the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group before application, they had decreased after application. It was found that all subscale mean scores of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire increased after application in the intervention group. It was concluded that acupressure has decreased pain severity and increased the functional status and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, pain, nursing, acupressure.

Detailed Description
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Abstract Background: Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis and affects people's functional status with quality of life. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure on pain, functional status, and quality of life in patients living with knee osteoarthritis. Methods/Design: The study was conducted as an experimental study with a pre-posttest and a control group. Settings: The study was conducted on patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis and attended the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Polyclinics of Nevşehir government hospital in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Acupressure application and follow-ups were performed by the researcher in the patient's home environment. Participants: The study was performed with 90 patients, 45 in the intervention group and 45 in the control group. Intervention: Acupressure was performed two days a week for four weeks with a total of eight sessions on the ST34, ST35, ST36, SP9, SP10, GB34 acupuncture points following an acupressure practice guide prepared by the researcher. Measurement of efficacy: Data was collected before and after acupressure application by using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).

Official Title
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The Effect of Acupressure on Pain, Functional Status and Quality of Life in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Conditions
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Knee Osteoarthritis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Acupressure


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 38 years old and over Diagnosed by a doctor with knee OA according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria had three points and over on the VAS pain scale, had no communication problems did not have any significant knee trauma within the last six months or an intra-articular steroid injection did not have any infection in the lower extremities or wounds, surgery or physiotherapy within the last six months those who accepted to participate to the study. Exclusion Criteria: the patient is not willing to go on the study in any stage of the study and case of any adverse effect of acupressure.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 38 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The study was conducted as an experimental study with a pre-posttest and a control group.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Acupressure (intervention group)<br>The intervention group was performed with 45 patients. Acupressure was performed two days a week for four weeks with a total of eight sessions on the ST34, ST35, ST36, SP9, SP10, GB34 acupuncture points following an acupressure practice guide prepared by the researcher. | Procedure: Acupressure<br>* Acupressure was performed two days a week for four weeks with a total of eight sessions on the ST34, ST35, ST36, SP9, SP10, GB34 acupuncture points following an acupressure practice guide prepared by the researcher.<br>* Other names: Control;|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Thecontrol group was performed with 45 patients. Any application was not performed for the control group. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain level in visual analogue scale (VAS) | Pain severity scores were determined by measuring values that were chosen on VAS by patients. The numerical scale ranges from 0 No pain, to 10 Worst pain imaginable, and a numerical value is given to every 1 cm range to measure pain severity. | baseline, change from baseline at 4th week; | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index | Their functional status levels were evaluated by using WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index.Every question is scored between 0 and 4 points evaluated with a five-way Likert-type scale. High scores from the index show increased pain and stiffness and dysfunction in physical function. | baseline, change from baseline at 4th week; | 
| 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) | Their changes in quality of life levels were evaluated by using SF-36 scale.The scale gives separate scores for every sub-scale, which varies between 0 and 100 points. High scores on the subscales show good health status, while low scores show a deterioration in health | baseline, change from baseline at 4th week; | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Osteoarthritis, Pain, Nursing, Acupressure.