Testing the Contribution of Orbitofrontal Cortex Networks to Reward Identity Learning

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This research study examines the contribution of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) networks to learning reward identity expectations.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This study is designed to examine the contribution of OFC networks to reward identity learning. It will use network-targeted TMS to test whether OFC is necessary for reward identity learning. Healthy human subjects will perform a three-reward reversal learning task after either TMS or sham stimulation while fMRI data are acquired. This is a randomized, within-subject, cross-over study.

Official Title
-----------------
Testing the Contribution of Orbitofrontal Cortex Networks to Reward Identity Learning

Conditions
-----------------
Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
* Device: Real transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age between 18 and 50 years old Right-handed Fluent English speakers Exclusion Criteria: History of significant neurological conditions (e.g., epilepsy, dementia, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, etc.) History of major psychiatric conditions (e.g., general anxiety disorder, depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcoholism, etc.) Significant medical illnesses (e.g., cancer, meningitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, etc.) Significant cerebrovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, etc.) Current use of psychoactive medications (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines, chloral hydrate, haloperidol, lithium, carbamazepine, phenytoin, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, diazepam, etc.) Smell or taste dysfunction History of significant allergies requiring hospitalization for treatment History of severe asthma requiring hospitalization for treatment Habitual smoking Magnetic implants (e.g., shunts or stents, aneurysm clips, surgical clips, cochlear implants, metal bone/joint pins, plates and screws, eyelid spring or wires, etc.) Electronic devices (e.g., implanted cardiac defibrillator, cardiac pacemaker, deep brain/spinal cord or nerve stimulator, internal electrodes/wires, medication infusion devices, etc.) History of metal working without proper eye protection, or injury with metal shrapnel or metal slivers Claustrophobia Pregnancy Predisposition to seizures (e.g., personal history of seizures, family history of seizures epilepsy, pregnancy, alcoholism, etc.) Use of medications that increase the likelihood of seizures (e.g., bupropion, citalopram, duloxetine, ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, etc.) History of surgical procedures performed on the brain or spinal cord History of severe head trauma followed by loss of consciousness History of fainting spells or syncope Hearing problems or tinnitus

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants receive both sham TMS stimulation and real TMS stimulation in different sessions.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Sham stimulation first, then real stimulation<br>Participants will first be delivered sham TMS stimulation. Then on a separate day, participants will be delivered real TMS stimulation. | Device: Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)<br>* Sham TMS will be applied using the MagVenture MagPro X100 stimulator with the placebo side of the Cool-B65 A/P coil.<br>Device: Real transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)<br>* Real TMS will be applied using the MagVenture MagPro X100 stimulator with the active side of the Cool-B65 A/P coil.<br>|
| Experimental: Real stimulation first, then sham stimulation<br>Participants will first be delivered real TMS stimulation. Then on a separate day, participants will be delivered sham TMS stimulation. | Device: Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)<br>* Sham TMS will be applied using the MagVenture MagPro X100 stimulator with the placebo side of the Cool-B65 A/P coil.<br>Device: Real transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)<br>* Real TMS will be applied using the MagVenture MagPro X100 stimulator with the active side of the Cool-B65 A/P coil.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percentage of correct outcome predictions | Percentage of correct outcome predictions in response to predictive cues during the reversal learning task. | 1 hour | 
| Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses | Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the reversal learning task. | 1 hour |