Energy Content and Energy Density of Pre-portioned Entrees

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Pre-portioned entrées are commonly consumed to help control portion size and limit energy intake. Few studies, however, have investigated the influence of the characteristics of pre-portioned entrées on energy intake. This study investigates how the characteristics of solid pre-portioned entrées, specifically, variations in their energy content and energy density influence energy intake over a day. The investigators hypothesize that reducing the energy content and energy density of compulsory entrées will act independently and add together to reduce daily energy intake.

Detailed Description
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This experiment uses a crossover design with repeated measures within subjects. One day a week for four weeks, participants are provided with all of their foods and beverages for breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals. Across test days, the entrée at each meal is varied in both energy content and energy density between a standard level (100%) and a reduced level (64% of the standard). Following consumption of a compulsory entrée, a variety of unmanipulated foods will be served for ad libitum consumption. The order of experimental conditions is counterbalanced across the subjects.

Official Title
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Effects of Energy Density and Energy Content of Pre-portioned entrées on Energy Intake

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Energy density (ED), Energy content


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: regularly eat three meals per day do not smoke do not have any food allergies or restrictions are not athletes in training are not dieting are not taking medications that would affect appetite are willing to consume the foods served in the test meals Exclusion Criteria: a score > 40 on the Zung scale a score > 20 on the Eating Attitudes Test reported known health problems weight not maintained within 10 lb during the 6 months before the start of the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Standard Energy content/Standard ED<br> | Other: Energy density (ED), Energy content<br>* Standard or reduced energy content and energy density of pre-portioned entrees<br>|
| Experimental: Standard Energy content/Reduced ED<br> | Other: Energy density (ED), Energy content<br>* Standard or reduced energy content and energy density of pre-portioned entrees<br>|
| Experimental: Reduced Energy content/Standard ED<br> | Other: Energy density (ED), Energy content<br>* Standard or reduced energy content and energy density of pre-portioned entrees<br>|
| Experimental: Reduced Energy content/Reduced ED<br> | Other: Energy density (ED), Energy content<br>* Standard or reduced energy content and energy density of pre-portioned entrees<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Daily Energy Intake (kcal/day) |  | 1 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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energy content, energy density, energy intake, pre-portioned entrees