Skills for Change: Nutrition Education Program for Emirati Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The Skills for Change Diabetes Nutrition Education Program was a one-year, community-based conducted in Ambulatory Health Care Services health centers in Al Ain. The project involved nutrition education to improve blood glucose control, diet and physical activity levels of Emirati adults with type 2 diabetes.

Detailed Description
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Despite the high prevalence of diabetes and its complications in the UAE, very few diabetes education intervention studies have been conducted in a representative population in the country. The Skills for Change Program was a one-year, community-based, cluster randomized study involving Emirati adults with type 2 diabetes. We implemented a behavioral lifestyle intervention to improve glycemic control, food choices, and physical activity levels and to decrease sedentarity. The project was culturally adapted to Emirati adults with type 2 diabetes and was driven by theoretical principles of behavior change and education to enhance intervention effectiveness.

Official Title
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Skills for Change: Implementation of a Community-based Diabetes Nutrition Education Program for Emirati Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention
* Behavioral: Usual Care


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: United Arab Emirates national Type 2 diabetes Adults: Male and female Age: 20-70 years Attending one of the 7 health centers in Al Ain managed by the Ambulatory Healthcare Services. Exclusion Criteria: Type 1 diabetes Age >70 Years Medical conditions that prevent active participation in the program, based on recommendation of the attending physicians Participating in other nutrition intervention programs

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Cluster Randomized Trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention (3 health centers): In addition to usual care in the health center, the intervention included individual counseling and group education on nutrition and physical activity. | Behavioral: Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention<br>* In addition to usual care in the health center, the intervention included 7 visits with the health center dietitian for individual nutrition counseling, invitation for group nutrition education (5 sessions), individual counseling for physical activity, invitation for a 6-weekly structured group physical activity, DVD on physical activity to perform physical activity at home.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control<br>Control (4 health centers): Patients received usual care including education as part of the diabetes management from their healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses), normally every 2-3 months. Visits with the health center dietitian were arranged as per physician referral. | Behavioral: Usual Care<br>* Patients received usual care including education as part of the diabetes management from their healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses), normally every 2-3 months. Visits with the health center dietitian were arranged as per physician referral.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in HbA1c |  | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL and Triglycerides |  | 12 months | 
| Change in Dietary Intake (Total Calories, Saturated Fat, Cholesterol, Dietary Fiber and Sodium) | Dietary intake was assessed using 24 hour recall with USDA Multiple Pass Method | 12 months | 
| Change in Physical Activity (total METs and total duration) | Physical Activity was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. | 12 months | 
| Change in Sitting time (minutes) | Sitting time was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. | 12 months | 
| Change in Weight |  | 12 months | 
| Change in BMI |  | 12 months | 
| Change in Nutrition Knowledge | Questionnaire was used to assess knowledge of food sources of carbohydrates and dietary fiber | 12 months | 
| Change in Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Score | Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (Bradley,C) was used | 12 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Emirati Adults, United Arab Emirates, Lifestyle Intervention, Type 2 Diabetes