How Much Opioids Do You Need After Your Emergency Department Visit

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Pain is one of the most common complaints in emergency department (ED) and is still often poorly managed. A major prospective multicenter study reported that 74% of patients that had a pain complaint at ED triage are discharged in moderate to severe pain. Accordingly, physicians frequently prescribed analgesic after discharged for these patients, and opioid is given in 29% of ED visits involving pain complaints. However, few studies evaluate pain management after ED discharge: the frequency and length of opioids prescriptions, the opioids quantity taken by the patients, are the patients relieved and satisfied by these pain treatments, what are the adverse effects associated with the use of these medications, and what are the chances of developing addiction? The primary aim of this study is to determine the required minimal opioids prescription for patients treated for acute pain after being discharge from the ED. Secondary objectives include: 1) monitor the patients' adverse events during opioids treatment; 2) evaluate the patients' level of pain relief associated with their respective opioids treatment; 3) determine the patients' level of addiction following post-ED opioids treatments. The design of the project is a prospective observational cohort study. A cohort of consecutive ED patients aged 18 or more with an initial pain at triage of 4 or more and discharged from the ED in less than 48 hours with a prescription of opioid will be asked to participate in the study. Patients will be excluded if there is ongoing treatment for a pre-existing chronic pain condition or if they used opioid drugs in the past year. Research nurses will contact the patients by phone at three follow-up time points (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months). Follow-up phone interviews will evaluate pain intensity as well as pain treatment satisfaction (0-10 NRS), monitor adverse events, and investigate possible opioids addiction (SOWS: subjective opioid withdrawal scale). During these interviews, the nurses will also question the patients about their daily opioids usage and if they were relieved from pain. This study will provide the base for future guidelines regarding the prescription of opioids treatment for specific pathology encountered in ED. It will also give indications on how to adjust the treatments according to adverse events and the level of addiction experienced by patients.

Official Title
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Opioid Prescription for Patient With Acute Pain After Discharge From Emergency Department: Ideal Duration for Adequate Relief, Adverse Events, and Addiction

Conditions
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Acute Pain

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18 years and older Pain level at 4 or greater at triage Acute pain (2 weeks or less) Opioids prescription at discharge Exclusion Criteria: Language barrier Pregnancy Treated for chronic pain Hospital stay greater than 48 hours

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients in acute pain<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Opioids consumption | The number of opioids taken after ED discharge for a given pathology | 2 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Side effects | Recorded undesirable side effect associated with post-emergency opioids treatment | 2 weeks | 
| Pain relief | Patients' pain relief associated with a given prescription for a specific pathology | 2 weeks | 
| Addiction | Patients opioids addiction at three month following a post-emergency prescription | 3 months |