Randomised Trial of Intensive Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention Versus Usual Preparation for Bariatric Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Prospective randomized clinical trial aiming to compare a comprehensive, intensive behavioral lifestyle intervention and usual care during the preoperative preparation to bariatric surgery, with primary outcome on excess weight loss and secondary outcomes on patient's physical status, quality of life, comorbidity and technical difficulty of the surgery.

Detailed Description
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Obesity is a complex, multifactorial pathology that has major public health importance. Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of all obesity treatments, including surgery. Throughout the non-surgical treatment options, high-intensity, on-site comprehensive lifestyle intervention has demonstrated the best efficacy in obtaining weight loss, but with a risk of progressive weight regain, after 6 months (1). In obese adults, bariatric surgery produces greater weight loss and weight loss maintenance than the conventional medical treatment and lifestyle intervention (1). There is no consensus on whether combining these two approaches (i.e. high-intensity, on-site comprehensive lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery) results in enhanced weight loss or more sustainable outcomes. The present randomized trial aims to answer this question. Patients preparing for bariatric surgery will be randomized between two groups. The first group will receive the usual care as recommended by the French Health Authority (Haute Autorité de santé), including 6 months of endocrine and nutritional follow-up and educational intervention. The second group will receive a high-intensity, 4 weeks on-site comprehensive lifestyle intervention, including prescription of a moderately reduced-calorie diet, a program of increased physical activity, and behavioral management. The patients from both groups will then be operated on and followed for at least 2 years. Complete work-up, including clinical examination, comorbidity assessment, MRI of the liver, thigh and abdominal fat, 6 minutes' walk test, quality of life questionnaires will be performed at the begging of the follow-up, after the preparation (usual care or intensive) and 2 years after surgery. Clinical and biological assessment will be performed regularly after surgery, and technical details from the bariatric interventions will be analyzed in order to assess the eventual facilitation of the gestures in the intervention group.

Official Title
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Randomised Trial of Comprehensive, Intensive, On-site Behavioural Lifestyle Intervention Versus Usual Care During the Preoperative Preparation for Bariatric Surgery

Conditions
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Morbid Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Preoperative usual care
* Behavioral: Preoperative intensive behavioral lifestyle intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patient with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 40 or BMI of 35 with associated comorbidity and who desires obesity surgery Patient agreeing to participate in the study, including the 2 years follow-up Patient accepting the constraints of the study related to the group to which he/she will be assigned as a result of randomization (availability to his work, his family, etc.) Patient able to receive and to understand the study information and to give written informed consent Patient affiliated with the French social security system Exclusion Criteria: Patient with a BMI of more than 60 Patient with contraindication to laparoscopic obesity surgery Patient already operated on for obesity Patient with a history of major abdominal surgery Patient with contraindications to MRI: pace maker or automatic defibrillator, implanted insulin pump auditory neurostimulator, anal neurostimulator, etc. ferromagnetic bodies in soft tissues, intraocular foreign bodies, cerebral vascular clips claustrophobia morphotype not allowing access to MRI: morbid obesity with waist circumference greater than 150 cm, shoulder width greater than 59 cm Patient with psychiatric pathology (untreated psychosis, drug dependence, etc.) Pregnant or breast-feeding patient Patient in periods of exclusion (determined by a previous or ongoing study) Patient under safeguard of justice Patient under guardianship

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label study
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Usual Care<br>The patients in this arm will have usual care during preoperative period, bariatric surgery and follow-up. | Behavioral: Preoperative usual care<br>* Usual care during the preoperative preparation for bariatric surgery consists of: Endocrinologist work-up and follow-up, with at least 2 consultations; Dietary advice, provided during the endocrine consultation or dietician consultation Psychological counselling with the patient's usual psychiatrist (at least 2 consultations Physical activity and nutrition are encouraged, but entrusted to the patient's freedom of choice. Weight loss, or at least, weight stabilization, is recommended before the surgery, without initiating a specific behavioural procedure.<br>|
| Experimental: UGECAM<br>During the preoperative period, the patients in this arm will have usual care and a 4 weeks intensive, comprehensive behavioral lifestyle intervention. They will then have usual bariatric surgery and follow-up. | Behavioral: Preoperative intensive behavioral lifestyle intervention<br>* The intensive behavioral lifestyle intervention program takes place over 4 weeks of 5 days. It includes: Rehabilitation to physical exercise every morning Therapeutic cooking sessions; during these sessions, the patients prepare the day's meals under the supervision of a nutritionist Psychological counselling One swimming session per week One relaxation session Regular physical activity (aerobics, work-up) Individual entertainment with the physiotherapist physician and discussion groups Weight, BMI and waist circumference control at the end of each week.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in body weight | Changes in body weight | Before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 
| Excess weight loss | The percentage of excess weight loss is obtained as follow: (initial body weight - body weight at 2 years postoperatively) / (initial body weight - ideal body weight at BMI 25) x 100 | 2 years after surgery | 
| Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) | Changes in Body Mass Index, obtained as follow: body weight (in kilograms)/ the square of height (in meters) | Before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in the physical status in terms of muscle/fat report | Muscle/ Fat Cross Sectional Area report obtained by the mean of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in the physical status in terms of walking abilities | Changes in 6-min walk test: the distance (in meters) that the patient is able to walk in 6 minutes | before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in the physical status in terms of waist circumference | Changes in waist circumference measured in centimetres | before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in physical status in terms of hip circumference | Changes in hip circumference measured in centimetres | before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in surgical difficulty in terms of left liver volume | Left liver volume, as measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in surgical difficulty in terms of visceral flat volume | Visceral Fat volume, as measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on a 1 cm slide at L2-L3 level | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Comparison of surgical difficulty in terms of surgery duration | Total duration of Surgery, in minutes, for each group | At time of surgery | 
| Comparison of surgical difficulty in terms of gastric pouch positioning duration | Time from trocar positioning to fashioning the gastric pouch, in minutes, for each group | At time of surgery | 
| Comparison of surgical difficulty in terms of postoperative hospitalisation duration | Duration of the hospitalisation stay after the surgery, in days, for each group | At time of surgery | 
| Changes in the quality of life by the mean of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) | The GIQLI (Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index) questionnaire is a digestive quality of life score including 36 items dealing with symptoms, physical status, emotions, social problems, and the effect of medical treatment in relation with gastro-intestinal disorders or procedures. The score is between 0 and 144, the higher the score, the better the quality of life. | before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in the quality of life by the mean of a quality of life questionnaire specialized in bariatric surgery | Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II (M-A-QoLQII) was originally designed as a disease-specific instrument to measure postoperative outcomes of self-perceived QoL in obese patients. Six areas are examined: self-esteem, physical well-being, social relationships, work, sexuality, and eating behavior. Each item is evaluated on a 10-point scale and scored from -0.5 to +0.5. The higher the score, the better the quality of life. | before preparation, before surgery, and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in the remission rate of fatty liver | the remission rate of the fatty liver is assessed by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) which provides measurements of the liver fatty infiltration | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in liver elasticity | The liver elasticity is assessed by Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) which provides quantitative maps of its stiffness | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in iron overload in the liver | The iron overload in the liver is assessed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) measurement of the tissue relaxivity in T2 phase | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in LDL cholesterol levels | Changes in LDL cholesterol levels (grams per liter) | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Changes in insulin resistance | Changes in Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) levels is calculated as follow: HOMA - IR = Insulin x Glucose / 22.5 | Before preparation, before surgery and 24 months after surgery | 
| Surgical complication assessment | percentage of patients presenting a complication | Up to 24 months after surgery | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Behavioral intervention, Severe obesity, Weight loss, Bariatric surgery