Approach to Continuous Sciatic Nerve Block for Orthopedic Procedures in Day Surgery With Two Different Techniques

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
We will enroll patients submitted to feet elective orthopaedic surgery that require analgesia through continuous peripheral nerve block (CNPB) of the sciatic nerve. All catheters will be placed by anaesthesiologists experienced in ultrasound in prone positioning. The patients will be randomized in two groups with technique of sealed envelopes. In the tibial -peroneal nerve (TPN) group we will position the catheter within the confluence of peroneal and tibial nerve. In the tibial nerve (TN) group we will proceed , previous local anaesthesia, to insert a catheter medially to tibial branch of the sciatic nerve according to in plane approach. We will analyze A: the difference in consumption of local anesthetic in the two different groups B: the difference of insensate limb in the post-operative home as described by Ilfeld(inability to perceive the sense of touch throughout the area of distribution of the sciatic nerve) C: rate of foot drop D: numeric rate scale (NRS) for pain assessment, rate of dislodgment of the catheters, patient satisfaction, need for intervention by the anesthesiologist after discharge.

Official Title
-----------------
Approach to Continuous Sciatic Nerve Block for Orthopedic Procedures in Day Surgery With Two Different Techniques

Conditions
-----------------
Regional Anesthesia Morbidity, Postoperative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: Tibial nerve group
* Procedure: Tibial peroneal nerve group


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Patients candidates for orthopedic surgery of the lower limb in unilateral day-surgery with surgical incision in the distribution of the sciatic nerve Patients according to American Society of Anesthesiologists scale (ASA) I-II Age greater than 18 years Informed Consent Presence of a caretaker for the night and the next day. Exclusion Criteria: Contraindications to regional anesthesia Patients ASA III-IV Patients receiving therapy for chronic pain Patients with: renal failure, coagulopathy, liver failure, peripheral neuropathy Refusal by the patient

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Tibial nerve group<br>In the TN (tibial nerve ) group probe will be placed in popliteal cave to identify the popliteal artery and laterally the tibial nerve. Identified the tibial nerve we will proceed , previous local anaesthesia, to insert a catheter medially to tibial branch of the sciatic nerve according to in plane approach. | Procedure: Tibial nerve group<br>* After the recovery of the sensitivity we will start the continuous infusion of levobupivacaine 0,125% with a portable pump (Mini Rythmic Evolution, Micrel Medical Devices) with a flow basal rate 2 ml/h and a rescue bolus doses of 2 ml (lock out 20 minutes). Before the discharge from the hospital, if the NRS will be > 4, a bolus of 10 ml of Mepivacaine 1% through the catheter could be administered. An information sheet will be released at the discharge and the medical indication for any rescue doses at home. The patients will be contacted by phone at POD 1-2 and will allowed to answer to a questionnaire (see endpoint) At POD 3 the patients will come in our ambulatory where we will remove the catheter and they will return the pump<br>|
| Active Comparator: Tibial peroneal nerve group<br>In the TPN (tibial -peroneal nerve) group the probe will be placed in popliteal cave to identify the popliteal artery and laterally the tibial nerve. Afterwards, proceeding cranially with the probe according to in plane approach, we will identify the confluence of tibial with peroneal branch and in this point, previous local anaesthesia, we will position the catheter within the confluence of peroneal and tibial nerve. | Procedure: Tibial peroneal nerve group<br>* After the recovery of the sensitivity we will start the continuous infusion of levobupivacaine 0,125% with a portable pump (Mini Rythmic Evolution ,Micrel Medical Devices )with a flow basal rate 2 ml/h and a rescue bolus doses of 2 ml (lock out 20 minutes). Before the discharge from the hospital, if the NRS will be > 4, a bolus of 10 ml of Mepivacaine 1% through the catheter could be administered. An information sheet will be released at the discharge and the medical indication for any rescue doses at home. The patients will be contacted by phone at POD 1-2 and will allowed to answer to a questionnaire (see endpoint) At POD 3 the patients will come in our ambulatory where we will remove the catheter and they will return the pump<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Compare the difference in consumption of local anesthetic in the two different groups |  | within the first two days after surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Analyze the difference of insensate limbin the post-operative home as described by Ilfeld (inability to perceive the sense of touch throughout the area of distribution of the sciatic nerve) |  | within the first two days after surgery |