Influence of Intragastric Fructose Infusion on Behavioural and Neural Responses to Negative Emotion Induction

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators will test whether a subliminal, intragastric dose of fructose is able to influence the emotional state at the behavioural and neural level, as has been previously shown for fatty acids. They will also examine the potential involvement of gut peptide release. Based on previous research using fatty acids, an attenuating effect of fructose compared to placebo on the induced negative emotional state is hypothesized at the self-report as well as the brain level.

Conditions
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Healthy Volunteers

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Fructose
* Other: Control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy volunteers (N=15) Male and female Age 18 - 60 Body Mass Index (BMI) of 20 - 25 kg/m2 Stable body weight for at least 3 months prior to the start of the study Exclusion Criteria: Abdominal or thoracic surgery. Exception: appendectomy Gastrointestinal, endocrine or neurological diseases. Exception: IBS if the participant will be recruited in the patient group Cardiovascular, respiratory, renal or urinary diseases Hypertension Food or drug allergies Anemia Eating disorders Psychotic disorders Depressive disorders Emotional and/or restraint eating No medication on a regular basis, exception: oral contraception No history of cannabis use or any other drug of abuse for at least 12 months prior to the study Alcohol abuse (more than 21 units of alcohol for men, more than 14 units for woman per week) Conditions that can interfere with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), e.g. cochlear implants, metal fragments or metal implants in the body, pacemaker, neural stimulator, … Pregnant or breastfeeding women Claustrophobia

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Fructose - Neutral emotion condition<br>Intragastric infusion of fructose with neutral emotion induction | Other: Fructose<br>* Intragastric administration of fructose (25g dissolved in 250ml distilled water)<br>|
| Active Comparator: Fructose - Sad emotion condition<br>Intragastric infusion of fructose with sad emotion induction | Other: Fructose<br>* Intragastric administration of fructose (25g dissolved in 250ml distilled water)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo - Neutral emotion condition<br>Intragastric infusion of distilled water with neutral emotion induction | Other: Control<br>* Intragastric administration of distilled water<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo - Sad emotion condition<br>Intragastric infusion of distilled water with sad emotion induction | Other: Control<br>* Intragastric administration of distilled water<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional brain images | Changes in brain responses after administration of our test solution compared to baseline will be assessed via functional magnetic resonance imaging | From the start of the study until the endpoint of the study, with a total duration of 50 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hunger scores | The hunger scores will be taken every 10 minutes since the scan starts via a 10 cm visual analogue scale. | every 10 minutes since the scan starts until 40 minutes after the start of the scan | 
| Mood assessment via the Self Assessment Manikin questionnaire | Mood will be assessed every 10 minutes since the scan starts via the Self Assessment Manikin questionnaire | every 10 minutes since the scan starts until 40 minutes after the start of the scan | 
| Gut hormone levels | Peripheral blood samples will be taken every 10 min since the scan starts until the endpoint of the study to measure gut hormones (motilin, ghrelin, CCK, PYY, GLP-1) by radioimmuno-assay. | every 10 minutes since the scan starts until 40 minutes after the start of the scan |