Role of Positron Emission Tomography/ Computed Tomography (PET/CT) and in Bone Metastases.

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study is to detect bone metastases by PET/CT examination in cancer patients.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Bone is a fertile soil for dissemination of metastatic tumor cells which can cause either osteolytic ( destructive) or osteoblastic (sclerotic) or mixed lesions in advanced cancer. Bone metastases are most common throughout the axial skeleton, this leads to major complications referred to as skeletal-related events (SREs), the most frequently are the need for radiotherapy and pathological fractures, associated with increase life morbidity and decrease overall survival. Seeking accurate image modalities provides definite staging, determining the optimal strategy of treatment and precise evaluation to decrease the burden of complication. PET/CT is superior than 2-dimensional planar providing a better image quality and enables quantitation of tumor metabolism. Acquisition and fusion of PET with CT also allow for localization and morphologic evaluation of abnormalities, leading to increased specificity. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline recommended PET/CT imaging in cancers with high risk skeletal metastases, PET has advantage than CT in diagnosing osteolytic lesions; but combining PET with CT, increase the detection of osteoblastic lesions. CT is recommended to evaluate structural integrity in revealing cortical integrity and the extent of structural destruction.

Official Title
-----------------
Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Detecting Bone Metastases in Cancer Patients.

Conditions
-----------------
Bone Metastases

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: 18F-FDG PET/CT


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: patients diagnosed with different types of malignant tumor, suspected or diagnosed to have bone metastases and will do PET/CT examination patients diagnosed with different types of malignant tumor, with accidently discovered bone metastases during PET/CT examination. patients conscious to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: pregnant women. patients with blood sugar > 200 mg/dL. patients unable to sleep in a fixed position for 20 minutes. severely ill patients who aren't capable of complying with study procedures or comatose patients.
Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Device: 18F-FDG PET/CT|18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| description of bone metastases detected by PET/CT in cancer patients. | Analysis of number, type and SUVmax of metastatic bony lesions detected by PET/CT in cancer patients. | one year | 
| compare diagnostic performance of PET/CT, planar bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in detecting bone metastases | compare sensitivity, specificity, PPV,NPV and accuracy | one year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| risk benefit of PET/CT examination in cancer patients | To evaluate risk benefit of PET/CT examination in cancer patients suspected to have bone metastasis. | one year |