Serum GPER-1 and Oxidant/Antioxidant Levels on Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Observational, comparative, cross-sectional study

Detailed Description
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This study was conducted on G protein-mediated estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1), which is thought to be effective in preventing the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). There are studies proving that GPER-1 prevents neuroprotective effects and vascular pathology in many tissues. In the study, serum GPER-1 and oxidative stress biomarker levels were compared in diabetic patients and healthy control groups. GPER-1 was found to be significantly increased in diabetic patients. In addition, a positive correlation was found with oxidant markers. This may lead to new treatment models in the future.

Official Title
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Comparing the Impact of Serum GPER-1 and Oxidant/Antioxidant Levels on Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients and Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

Conditions
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Hormones, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: The effect of GPER-1 on the formation of diabetic retinopathy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 40 individuals were required to have Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR); 40 were required to have Non-PDR; 40 were required to be healthy, without any systemic disease. Exclusion Criteria: Glaucoma, Ocular trauma sequelae, Pathological myopia, Non-diabetic retinopathy, A history of previous ocular surgery, Endocrine disorders (e.g.,thyroidopathy, adrenal gland disorders, pituitary pathologies), Opacities interfering with fundus examination (e.g., corneal opacity, lens opacity, vitreous cloudiness other than diabetic haemorrhage).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy<br>40 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy | Diagnostic Test: The effect of GPER-1 on the formation of diabetic retinopathy<br>* Demonstrating the neuroprotective effect of GPER-1 in the formation of diabetic retinopathy and being a guide for new treatment models<br>|
| Non-Proliferative Diabetic retinopathy<br>40 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy | Diagnostic Test: The effect of GPER-1 on the formation of diabetic retinopathy<br>* Demonstrating the neuroprotective effect of GPER-1 in the formation of diabetic retinopathy and being a guide for new treatment models<br>|
| Healthy individuals<br>40 healthy persons | Diagnostic Test: The effect of GPER-1 on the formation of diabetic retinopathy<br>* Demonstrating the neuroprotective effect of GPER-1 in the formation of diabetic retinopathy and being a guide for new treatment models<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| G receptor-mediated protein-1 (GPER-1) | Variation of GPER-1 during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 
| Oxidative/antioxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA]) | Variation of oxidative/antioxidative stress markers during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 
| Oxidative/antioxidative stress markers (catalase [CAT]) | Variation of oxidative/antioxidative stress markers during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 
| Oxidative/antioxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase [SOD] | Variation of oxidative/antioxidative stress markers during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 
| Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | Variation of TSH during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 
| Progesterone | Variation of progeterone during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 
| oestradiol | Variation of oestradiol during the development of diabetic retinopathy | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Diabetic retinopathy, GPER-1, oestradiol, progesterone, TSH, oxidative stress, neuronal damage.