Exogenous Oxidation of Fructose-glucose Mixtures During Running

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to characterise exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise, when ingesting glucose (polymers) only, compared to glucose-fructose mixtures, and glucose-fructose mixtures ingested in hydrogel form.

Official Title
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Examining Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation From Glucose, Multiple Transportable Carbohydrates and Hydrogel Carbohydrate Drinks During Endurance Running

Conditions
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Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Fructose-maltodextrin
* Dietary Supplement: Fructose-maltodextrin hydrogel
* Dietary Supplement: Glucose-maltodextrin


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Maximal oxygen consumption > 50 ml.kg-1.min-1 > 1 year training in endurance running or triathlon No current injury or injury within the last three months No history of cardiac or metabolic disease such as coronary heart disease or diabetes No current or history of gastrointestinal issues Successful completion of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) Exclusion Criteria: Female Untrained in endurance running Current injury or injury within the past three months History of cardiac or metabolic disease such as coronary heart disease or diabetes History of or current gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome Unable to replicate diet and training for 3 and 5 days respectively prior to each experimental visit.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Fructose-maltodextrin ingestion<br>Ingestion of fructose and maltodextrin (glucose polymers) at a rate of 90 g carbohydrate per hour during two hours of treadmill running at 60%VO2peak. | Dietary Supplement: Fructose-maltodextrin<br>* Fructose plus maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:1.4, diluted in water to produce a 16% carbohydrate solution.<br>|
| Experimental: Fructose-maltodextrin hydrogel ingestion<br>Ingestion of fructose and maltodextrin (glucose polymers) encapsulated in alginate-pectin hydrogel, drinks at a rate of 90 g carbohydrate per hour during two hours of treadmill running at 60%VO2peak. | Dietary Supplement: Fructose-maltodextrin hydrogel<br>* Fructose plus maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:1.4, encapsulated in an alginate-pectin hydrogel diluted in water to produce a 16% carbohydrate solution.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Glucose-maltodextrin ingestion<br>Ingestion of glucose and maltodextrin (glucose polymers) at a rate of 90 g carbohydrate per hour during two hours of treadmill running at 60%VO2peak. | Dietary Supplement: Glucose-maltodextrin<br>* Glucose plus maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:1.4, diluted in water to produce a 16% carbohydrate solution.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate | Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry and reported in grams per minute | 120 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Total carbohydrate oxidation | Total carbohydrate oxidation during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using indirect calorimetry and reported in grams. | 120 minutes | 
| Ratings of gastrointestinal discomfort | Subjective ratings of gastrointestinal discomfort during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using a 9-item questionnaire on a scale of 1 to 7, where 1 = No discomfort at all and 7 = very severe discomfort. Items: Stomach; Heartburn; Acid reflux; Nausea; Rumbling; Bloated; Burping; Passing gas; Bowel movement. | 120 minutes | 
| Total fat oxidation | Total fat oxidation during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using indirect calorimetry and reported in grams. | 120 minutes | 
| Plasma insulin concentrations | Plasma insulin concentrations during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reported in pmol/L. | 120 minutes | 
| Plasma glucose concentrations | Plasma lactate concentrations during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using colourimetric assay and reported in mmol/L. | 120 minutes | 
| Plasma lactate concentrations | Plasma lactate concentrations during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using colourimetric assay and reported in mmol/L. | 120 minutes | 
| Plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations | Plasma insulin concentrations during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using colourimetric assay and reported in umol/L. | 120 minutes | 
| Ratings of perceived exertion | Subjective ratings of perceived exertion using the Borg scale (1982) during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured on a scale of 6 to 20, where 6 = no exertion at all, and 20 = maximal exertion. | 120 minutes | 
| Heart rate | Heart rate during treadmill running measured by telemetry and reported in beats per minute. | 120 minutes | 
| Rate of oxygen consumption | Rate of oxygen consumption during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using indirect calorimetry and reported in litres per minute. | 120 minutes | 
| Rate of carbon dioxide production | Rate of carbon dioxide production during 120 min of treadmill running. Measured using indirect calorimetry and reported in litres per minute. | 120 minutes |