Reference Diameter and Characteristics of Distal Radial Artery by Ultrasonographic Assessement in Korean Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Radial access is recommended as the standard approach for coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on the evidence in which RA reduced mortality and bleeding events compared with femoral access. Recently, the use of distal radial artery (DRA) is rapidly increasing in accordance with the publication of several studies that have shown easy hemostasis, reduced bleeding complications and low arterial occlusion rate via distal radial approach. However, the diameter of DRA is relatively smaller than radial artery (RA) which can limit the widespread use of this access route. Regarding the size discrepancy, there is a lack of evidence to guide which patients are acceptable or not for CAG and PCI. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to provide the reference diameter of DRA using ultrasonography in Korean patients. The clinical predictors for small DRA also were evaluated.

Detailed Description
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Radial access is recommended as the standard approach for coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) based on the evidence in which RA reduced mortality and bleeding events compared with femoral access. Recently, the use of distal radial artery (DRA) is rapidly increasing in accordance with the publication of several studies that have shown easy hemostasis, reduced bleeding complications and low arterial occlusion rate via distal radial approach. However, the diameter of DRA is relatively smaller than radial artery (RA) which can limit the widespread use of this access route. Regarding the size discrepancy, there is a lack of evidence to guide which patients are acceptable or not for CAG and PCI. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to provide the reference diameter of DRA using ultrasonography in Korean patients. The clinical predictors for small DRA also were evaluated. Assessment of arterial diameter by ultasonography Patients were lying on the bed with relaxation in an quiet room. The outer diameters of both DRA and RA were assessed by a perpendicular angle using a linear ultrasound probe (3-4-10.8 MHz) and the average values were recorded. The diameter of RA was measured from 2-3 cm above wrist crease. Anatomical landmark for the measurement of DRA was the bony surface area just distal space from extensor pollicis longus tendon in which the DRA was best palpable then runs down between the first metacarpal and second metacarpal bone (just out of anatomical snuffbox area)

Official Title
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Reference Diameter and Characteristics of Distal Radial Artery by Ultrasonographic Assessement in Korean Patients

Conditions
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Radial Artery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Ultrasonography


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients planned to perform transthoracic echocardiography with arterial ultrasonography Exclusion Criteria: Age under 20-year Poor image quality repeated measurement

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Male group<br>Male patients who performed transthoracic echocardiography with arterial ultrasonography | Procedure: Ultrasonography<br>* The diameters of both the radial artery and the distal radial artery were measured by ultrasonography.<br>|
| Female group<br>Female patients who performed transthoracic echocardiography with arterial ultrasonography | Procedure: Ultrasonography<br>* The diameters of both the radial artery and the distal radial artery were measured by ultrasonography.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The diameter of distal radial artery | Mean diameter of distal radial artery on both left and right hand | Through ultrasonographic evaluation (within 1 hour) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The diameter of radial artery | Mean diameter of radial artery on both left and right hand | Through ultrasonographic evaluation (within 1 hour) | 
| Arterial diameter index | Diameter of measure artery divided by body surface area | Through ultrasonographic evaluation (within 1 hour) | 
| Proportion of small distal radial artery | Proportion of small distal radial artery (<2.3mm) | Through ultrasonographic evaluation (within 1 hour) | 
| Predictor for small distal radial artery | Clinical predictor associated with small distal radial artery | Through ultrasonographic evaluation (within 1 hour) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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anatomical snuffbox, distal radial artery, radial artery