Remote Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Cardiac Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators are proposing to examine new strategies for helping patients hospitalized for an acute coronary event adhere to recommendations to quit smoking. The investigators are interested to see whether offering financial incentives for smoking cessation, combined with medications to ameliorate withdrawal, can significantly reduce smoking in a population for which continued smoking has disproportionately negative health effects. The proposed trial can provide significant knowledge for promoting adherence to smoking cessation guidelines in patients with cardiac disease

Detailed Description
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Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. The effect of smoking in those with coronary artery disease (CAD) is particularly powerful given that at hospital admission, 27-36% of these patients are active smokers which is much higher than in the general population (<18%).1-3While smoking rates have declined in the U.S., this has not been observed in cardiac populations. Continued smoking after hospitalization also predicts additional negative outcomes such as lack of engagement in comprehensive secondary prevention for example cardiac rehabilitation (CR).4 Smoking may also directly impede improvements in fitness which is a critical predictor of recovery in this population and thus crucial to examine.5-7 Surprisingly, having a serious cardiac event, such as a myocardial infarction (MI) may not be enough to promote sustained cessation.8 Thus, promoting adherence to smoking cessation guidelines in this population is of utmost importance.9 Acute cardiac hospitalization does provide an ideal opportunity to intervene on smoking.10 Patients are required to abstain from smoking while hospitalized and are often motivated to quit. Unfortunately, less than a quarter of patients receive Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in-hospital and even fewer receive support after discharge. 11,12 For most patients, follow-up care may not occur for 4-6 weeks and most patients relapse to smoking within the first few weeks.11,13 Ideally, intensive intervention would be started in-hospital and continue after discharge, bridging this post-hospital gap in care. Financial incentives (FI) for objectively verified smoking abstinence is highly effective in promoting smoking cessation in medically vulnerable populations, but, to the Investigators knowledge, has not been tested in patients with CVD.14.15 NRT is safe in cardiac patients, but is rarely prescribed or offered in a manner that maximizes efficacy (i.e., combination short and long-acting NRT).16 Building on our strong published and preliminary data, the investigators hypothesize that a combined behavioral and pharmacologic smoking cessation intervention started in hospital and continued remotely can bridge the post-hospital care gap and support patients through a critical period in cardiac recovery where risk of smoking relapse is high.

Official Title
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Remote Smoking Cessation in Hospitalized Cardiac Patients: Bridging the Post-discharge

Conditions
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Smoking Cessation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Financial Incentives (FI) and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients will be recruited if they: Hospitalization for an acute coronary event which includes myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization (percutaneous intervention or coronary artery bypass) live within 30 miles of UVMMC and are >18 years of age Current cigarette smoker (defined as reporting any use of cigarettes in the week before admission and >5 cigarette/day on average over the past 3 months) Exclusion Criteria: Patients will be excluded if they have: severe dementia/Alzheimer's disease an active malignancy, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer or low-grade prostate cancer under active surveillance exercise limiting vascular or neuromuscular disease Non-English Speaking No reliable smart-phone Current, regular use of smokeless tobacco or other form of non-combusted tobacco

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control: Usual Care<br>will receive standard treatment which entails referral to Vermont Quit Network. This network offers a wide range of free cessation services, including NRT and web-based modules on preparing to quit and developing a plan | |
| Experimental: Intervention: Financial incentives and nicotine replacement therapy intervention<br>an intervention where patients are assigned to financial incentives and NRT of their choice; use of CO monitor to assess abstinence | Behavioral: Financial Incentives (FI) and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)<br>* : In the intervention condition, patients will receive both NRT plus a 12-week program of monetary incentives for verified smoking abstinence that will be implemented by our clinic staff<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Biochemical verification of smoking status | Assess the efficacy of combined FI+NRT vs. UC on biochemically verified smoking abstinence | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiovascular Fitness | Determine the effect of smoking status on changes in cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak). | 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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smoking cessation, secondary prevention