MODY in Young-onset Diabetes in Different Ethnicities

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the different types of diabetes that exist in people from white European and south Asian origin in the UK (United Kingdom) who are diagnosed with diabetes before they turn 30 years old. By doing this we hope to identify cases of MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young), which is a rare genetic cause of diabetes that is frequently misdiagnosed. Identifying MODY cases is important, as the treatment may differ to conventional treatment for type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Detailed Description
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People who meet the recruitment criteria, will be invited to attend for a single fasted 2 hour visit at our research facility. During the visit we will record details of their diabetes history as well as their general health and undertake blood and urine tests. At the end of the visit their participation will be complete. We will contact them later to discuss results of specialist blood tests and whether or not they have MODY, if they have had genetic testing performed.

Official Title
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A Cross-sectional Study of Young-onset Diabetes in Two UK Ethnic Groups.

Conditions
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Diabetes, Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosed with diabetes on the basis of fasting glucose and/or oral glucose tolerance test and/or HbA1c as per WHO criteria. Diagnosed with diabetes between 6 months and 30 years of age. South Asian ancestry- defined as self-reported ancestry and at least 2 grandparents from the Indian Subcontinent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh or Sri Lanka). European ancestry - defined as self-reported ancestry and at least 2 grandparents from within Europe. Exclusion Criteria: An established secondary cause of diabetes exists (for example recurrent pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, new onset diabetes after transplantation, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, steroid induced). Enrolled in another study. Have active malignancy or under investigation for malignancy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Frequency of MODY | Comparison of frequency of MODY mutations between two ethnic groups | 5 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Comparison of biochemical and clinical characteristics in people with MODY between each ethnic group. | Difference in fasting C-peptide levels between UK South Asian and white European people Difference in BMI, waist and hip circumference between UK South Asian and white European people Differences in affected gene between UK South Asian and white European people | 5 years | 
| Comparison of clinical and biochemical characteristics of other subtypes of diabetes | In people phenotyped as type 1 or type 2 diabetes: Difference in fasting C-peptide levels between UK South Asian and white European people Difference in BMI, waist and hip circumference between UK South Asian and white European people Differences in diabetes antibody positivity between UK South Asian and white European people | 5 years |