The Effect of Virtual Reality and Kaleidoscope on Pain and Anxiety Levels During Venipuncture in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aim: The study was carried out in randomized control to determine the effect of two different distractions on pain and anxiety during blood collection. Methods: The population of the study consisted of children between ages of 4-10 years who applied for venipuncture to a training and research hospital in Turkey between July and December 2018. A total of 139 children were included in the study, 46 of them with virtual reality goggles and 43 of them with control group. Information Form, Child Anxiety Scale, Visual Analogue Scale and Wong Baker Pain Scale were used in the collection of data.

Official Title
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Adiyaman University

Conditions
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Acute Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: distraction methods


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: being aged between 4 and 10 years for the child, applying for health control purpose, not having any chronic, mental or neurological illness, not using any analgesic in the last 6 hours before the venipuncture procedure. Exclusion Criteria: -having a chronic, mental or neurological illness,

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 4 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: virtual reality group<br>The children in the groups were distracted by virtual reality goggles 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over. | Other: distraction methods<br>* The children in the groups were distracted by virtual reality goggles and kaleidoscope 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over<br>|
| Experimental: kaleidoscope group<br>The children in the groups were distracted by kaleidoscope 2 minutes before the blood collection, until the process was over. | Other: distraction methods<br>* The children in the groups were distracted by virtual reality goggles and kaleidoscope 2 minutes before venipuncture, until the process was over<br>|
| No Intervention: control group<br>No intervention was made to children in the control group | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Children Fear Scale | The Children Fear Scale was used to evaluate the children's fear and anxiety. Children Fear Scale is a 0-4 scale, showing five faces that range from a neutral expression (0 = no anxiety) to a frightened face (4 = severe anxiety). Preprocedural and procedural pain, and anxiety were evaluated | 1 minute | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analogue Scale | The visual analogue scale has been used for evaluating pain levels. Children were asked to mark the level of their pain on a l00 mm., Visual Analogue scale marked at one end as no pain and at the other as worst pain imaginable. | 1 minute | 
| Wong Baker Face Pain Scale | The Wong Baker Faces scale is a 0-10 scale. Six faces on the cards show a range of emotions from a smiling face (0 very happy/no pain) to a crying face (10 'hurts worst'). | 1 minute | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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acute pain, blood collection, nursing, children, distraction