The Effect of Exercise on Myokine Production in Aging Persons

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The incidence of age-related diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, rapidly rises. These days, age-related diseases cause the majority of all healthcare expenses. During ageing senescent cells secrete a range of harmful inflammatory signals, which leads to chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and accelerates aging throughout the rest of the body. Interestingly, people who regularly exercise show less signs of inflamm-aging compared to people with a sedentary lifestyle. Molecules secreted by skeletal muscles, called myokines, may play an important role. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. This pilot study aims to investigate if an acute bout of resistance training is an appropriate tool to induce an increase in the release of muscle derived myokines in aged persons.

Official Title
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Does an Acute Exercise Bout Increases Soluble and Muscle Myokine Concentration in Healthy, Older Persons

Conditions
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Aging, Exercise

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Exercise training
* Behavioral: Questionnaire
* Procedure: Percutaneous muscle biopsy
* Procedure: Blood sample


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy persons Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Infection < 2 weeks ago Received a vaccine < 2 weeks ago Allergy to Lidocain Immune deficiency Presence of a tumour or in treatment Usage of anti-coagulant medication Presence of following conditions: Haemophilia Auto-immune disease Cardiovascular disease Musculoskeletal diseases which refrains the patient from exercising

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Aged individuals who perform exercise training are compared to aged individuals who remain sedentary.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Aged individuals who perform exercise training<br>Aged individuals will perform an acute bout of resistance trainig (30 minutes). This training is focused on the lower limbs. | Other: Exercise training<br>* Resistance training of the lower limbs<br>Behavioral: Questionnaire<br>* Physical activity questionnaire<br>Procedure: Percutaneous muscle biopsy<br>* Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (m. quadriceps)<br>Procedure: Blood sample<br>* Venous blood sample<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Aged individuals who stay sedentary<br>Aged individuals will remain seated for 30 minutes. | Behavioral: Questionnaire<br>* Physical activity questionnaire<br>Procedure: Percutaneous muscle biopsy<br>* Muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (m. quadriceps)<br>Procedure: Blood sample<br>* Venous blood sample<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cytokine concentration | Measurement of multiple cytokines in blood (for example: IL-6, IL-15, IL-4, irisin...) with ELISA's or multiplex assays | Day 2 | 
| Myokine production | Immunohistochemistry staining (fluorescent) of multiple myokines (for example: IL-6, IL-15, IL-4, irisin..) and aging markers (p16,p21...) on muscle tissue | Day 2 | 
| Immune parameters | Flow cytometry panels of immune parameters in muscle tissue | Day 2 | 
| Myokine protein levels | Western blotting of multiple myokines in muscle tissue | Day 2 | 
| Myokine gene expression | Quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) of markers in muscle tissue | Day 2 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood pressure | The force of circulating blood on the walls of the arteries. Measured using an electronic sphygmomanometer | Day 1 | 
| Resting Heart Rate | Measured using an electronic sphygmomanometer | Day 1 | 
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short form) | Measures the subjective level of activity of the last seven days. 7 questions regarding amount of time spent on certain activities. | Day 1 |