Effect of Z Technıque on Pain, Comfort, Symptoms in Ummunotherapy Areas

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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An allergy is an abnormal response of the immune system to a generally harmless antigen. Pollens in the air play an important role in the formation of respiratory allergies and can be a trigger for the development of allergies (Won, 2022). By providing relaxation by nurses and taking measures to ensure the continuity of relaxation; Maintaining the well-being of the individual, family or society is possible with the comfort theory (Kolcaba and Kolcaba, 1991; Kolcaba, 1994). Although subcutaneous immunotherapy is performed in the presence of specialist physicians and trained nurses, some local side effects may develop after injection. One of the local side effects is pain, swelling and redness at the injection site (Arslan and Caliskaner, 2022). The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the treatment with the Z technique on allergy patients receiving immunotherapy on comfort, pain and adverse symptoms using a randomized controlled experimental method. The hypotheses of the study H0: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy has no effect on comfort levels, pain and adverse symptoms H1: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Has an Effect on Comfort Levels H2: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Has an Effect on Pain Levels H3: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Has an Effect on Undesirable Symptoms

Detailed Description
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An allergy is an abnormal response of the immune system to a generally harmless antigen. Pollens in the air play an important role in the formation of respiratory allergies and can be a trigger for the development of allergies (Won, 2022). By providing relaxation by nurses and taking measures to ensure the continuity of relaxation; Maintaining the well-being of the individual, family or society is possible with the comfort theory (Kolcaba and Kolcaba, 1991; Kolcaba, 1994). Although subcutaneous immunotherapy is performed in the presence of specialist physicians and trained nurses, some local side effects may develop after injection. One of the local side effects is pain, swelling and redness at the injection site (Arslan and Caliskaner, 2022). The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the treatment with the Z technique on allergy patients receiving immunotherapy on comfort, pain and adverse symptoms using a randomized controlled experimental method. The hypotheses of the study H0: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy has no effect on comfort levels, pain and adverse symptoms H1: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Has an Effect on Comfort Levels H2: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Has an Effect on Pain Levels H3: Treatment with Z Technique for Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy Has an Effect on Undesirable Symptoms The research is a pre-post-test two-group randomized controlled study in experimental design. The research population consists of 104 patients who received allergy treatment in Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital in the last year. In this study, G. In the calculation made using the Power-3.1.9.2 program and using a similar study at the sample level at 80% confidence level (yilmaz et al., 2016), a total of 60 individuals, 30 of which were experimental and 30 of which were control, was determined.

Official Title
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The Effect of Z Technique Treatment on Comfort, Pain and Undesirable Symptoms in Allergy Patients Receiving Immunotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Immunotherapy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Pre-post test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To be receiving immunotherapy treatment at Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, be between the ages of 18-65, Volunteering to participate in the research, Exclusion Criteria: Not wanting to participate in the research voluntarily The state of moving the individual to a different country for any reason The end of the immunotherapy treatment period

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: experimental group: application of immunotherapy via Z technique control group: immunotherapy administration with standard procedure
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: experimental group<br>The experiment group will be applied with the Z technique. While applying the medicine with the Z technique, the tissue will be lifted with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand and pulled to the right, and the medicine will be slowly applied after the injector needle enters the tissue. When the application is finished, first the injector will be withdrawn, then the tissue will be released and the tissues will be restored (Altun, 2018). | Other: Pre-post test<br>* Personal Information Form, Vas Scale, Undesirable Symptoms Form and General Comfort Scale Questions will be asked to immunotherapy patients with this research.<br>|
| Other: Control group<br>In the control group, the vaccine will be administered slowly with the standard technique. | Other: Pre-post test<br>* Personal Information Form, Vas Scale, Undesirable Symptoms Form and General Comfort Scale Questions will be asked to immunotherapy patients with this research.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1.VAS Scale: | It is a scale numbered from 1 to 10 to measure the severity of pain that may occur after immunotherapy. Individuals rank 10 points for pain they feel most intensely and 1 point for pain they feel least severe. | three months | 
| 2.General Comfort Scale: | Comfort Theory was developed by Katharina Kolcaba in 1990. The sub-dimensions of the General Comfort Scale, which was validated and reliable in Turkish by Çıtlık Sarıtaş et al. in 2018, were defined as relief (9 items), relaxation (9 items), and overcoming problems (10 items). The lowest possible value, 1, indicates low comfort, and the highest value, 6, indicates high comfort. | three months | 
| 3. Undesirable Symptoms Tracking Form: | It is a form we developed to evaluate swelling, redness and leakage of the drug after 1 hour and 1 day after immunotherapy. Undesirable Symptoms Follow-up Form will be prepared and applied to the individuals participating in the study. | three months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Immunotherapy, Z technique, comfort, pain