Study of Neural Inspiratory Time and Expiratory Delay in Patient and Health During Spontaneous Breathing and Ventilation

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
To make these definitions of neural inspiratory time (Ti) and expiratory delay clearly.The present study was undertaken to examined the physiological signals of patients and healthy subjects during spontaneous breathing and noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

Detailed Description
-----------------
In total, 8 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, 8 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and 8 healthy subjects were recruited. The patient was studied at the afternoon in a semirecumbent position. After the application of topical anaesthesia (2% xylocaine), the patient was asked to swallow two balloon-tipped catheters and the multi-pair esophageal electrode catheter through the nose into the their right position. At the first period, the stable signals of unassisted spontaneous breathing (about 5min) were chosen to be recorded. After this period, the patient was placed on noninvasive pressure support ventilation(PSV). The inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) was initially titrated by patient's tolerance . The noninvasive ventilation lasted at least 20 minutes until the breathing was stable. All the raw signals were recorded. The last 15 minutes of the stable computer-stored data were calculated and analyzed. The leaks were monitored by the display of the ventilator and the computer during the procedure. When the leak was observed, the mask was carefully adjusted to prevent. Esophageal and gastric balloon-catheters were used to detect the intra-thoracic and abdominal pressure. Airway pressure was also measured simultaneously. EMGdi was recorded from a multipair esophageal electrode .During ventilation Airflow and ventilation were measured with pneumotachograph. Respiratory rate, tidal volume,the time difference between the initial increase and the termination of the diaphragm electromyogram(EMGdi) , time difference between maximal value of EMGdi and the end of inspiratory flow,time difference between the point of zero flow between inspiration and expiration ,and the time difference between the onset of the upward deflection in transdiagramic pressure( Pdi) and the return of Pdi were calculated during the unassisted spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation.

Official Title
-----------------
Study of Neural Inspiratory Time and Expiratory Delay in Patients and Healthy Subjects During Unassisted Spontaneous Breathing and Mechanical Ventilation.

Conditions
-----------------
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: noninvasive mechanical ventilation


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient meet the diagnose criteria of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease interstitial lung disease patient meet the diagnose criteria of interstitial lung disease healthy subjects No history of the lung and Cardiovascular disease.The lung function is normal. Exclusion Criteria: severe Cardiovascular disease Pneumonia neuromuscular and chest wall deformity Respiratory arrest Cardiovascular instability (hypotension, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction) Change in mental status; uncooperative patient High aspiration risk Viscous or copious secretions Recent facial or gastroesophageal surgery Craniofacial trauma Fixed nasopharyngeal abnormalities Burns Extreme obesity

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: noninvasive mechanical ventilation<br>To investigate the change of the neural inspiratory time and expiratory delay noninvasive mechanical ventilation ,in comparison to spontaneous breathing | Device: noninvasive mechanical ventilation<br>* To examined the physiological signals of patients and healthy subjects during spontaneous breathing and noninvasive mechanical ventilation.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| neural inspiratory time | Compare the neural inspiratory time during spontaneous breathing and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. | 20-30 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| expiratory delay | to assess the expiratory delay during noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 20-30 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mechanical ventilation, expiratory delay, neural inspiratory time