Calcium-protein Co-ingestion and Gut Hormones

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Gut hormones have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Rodent evidence suggests that calcium may potentiate the effects of protein ingestion on gut hormone secretion. Evidence in humans however, is lacking. This study aims to assess whether the addition of calcium to protein ingestion augments postprandial gut hormone availability in humans.

Official Title
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The Acute Effects of Calcium-protein Co-ingestion on Gut Hormone Secretion

Conditions
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Obesity, Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Milk Mineral Supplement
* Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein Hydrolysate


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy men and women age between 18-65 yrs. Able to consume provided supplement. Weight stable for the past 3 month (no change within 3%) Exclusion Criteria: Any previous or current metabolic, cardio-pulmonary or musculoskeletal disease Not between the ages of 18-65 years A body mass index below 18.5 kg/m2 or above 30 kg/m2 (body mass (kg) divided by your height (m) squared) Taking medications that may influence your metabolism Plans to change your lifestyle (diet and/or physical activity) during the study period Not willing to refrain from alcohol containing drinks or unaccustomed exercise one day before the laboratory sessions. Current smoker

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomised, double-blind crossover
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Whey protein hydrolysate<br>Whey protein hydrolysate (50 g) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion. | Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein Hydrolysate<br>* 50 g whey protein hydrolysate<br>|
| Experimental: Whey protein hydrolysate plus milk mineral supplement<br>Milk mineral supplement (equating to 1000 mg calcium) plus whey protein hydrolysate (50 g) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion. | Dietary Supplement: Milk Mineral Supplement<br>* Milk Minerals containing 1000 mg calcium<br>Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein Hydrolysate<br>* 50 g whey protein hydrolysate<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postprandial plasma GLP-1 area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min). | Postprandial plasma GLP-1 area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min). | 120 min | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postprandial plasma GIP area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | Postprandial plasma GIP area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | 120 min | 
| Postprandial plasma PYY area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | Postprandial plasma PYY area under the curve (mmol/L x 120 min) | 120 min | 
| Subjective ratings of appetite (au) | Subjective ratings of appetite (au) | 120 min |