Optimal Exercise Training and Nutrition Supplementation in Older Men

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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As we age we tend to lose muscle mass and strength. These losses contribute to the increased incidence of falls and fractures, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, loss of independence and reduced quality of life in the elderly. As the number of seniors increases worldwide, it is becoming more and more important to develop strategies to counteract this loss of muscle mass and strength, and promote healthy aging. Fortunately, relatively simple lifestyle modifications are the most potent defense strategies. Exercises such as weight lifting and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIT), which consists of short, repeated bouts of vigorous aerobic exercise interspersed with period of rest, are the most effective in promoting gains in muscle mass and strength. Additionally, components of foods like whey (a protein found in milk), creatine (found in meat), calcium and vitamin D have been shown to independently increase strength. In this study, we are looking to determine how much we can increase muscle strength in older men who are put on an 12 week exercise training program that combines weight lifting and HIIT, and who consume a daily supplement that contains whey protein, creatine, calcium and vitamin D.

Detailed Description
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Please see other documentation.

Official Title
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Evaluation of the Effects of a Combined Resistance and High-intensity Interval Exercise Training Program, Along With Nutritional Supplementation, on Strength and Physical Function in Older Men

Conditions
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Aging

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Supplement


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Sedentary (no participation in a structured exercise training program in past 6 months) BMI between 18.5-30.0 kg/m2 Weight stable for past 6 months Normal resting blood pressure, or stage I hypertension Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Use of simvastatin or atorvastatin Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Injuries that prevent safe-participation in an exercise training program Prescription blood thinners Diabetes or other metabolic disorders Cardiac or gastro-intestinal problems Infectious disease or cancer

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Supplement<br>Each day, participants in this group will receive a supplement that provides a total of protein, creatine monohydrate, calcium, vitamin D and carbohydrate. This supplement will be provided to participants in beverage format, twice daily. | Dietary Supplement: Supplement<br>* supplement/placebo plus exercise training<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>The placebo will provide participants with maltodextrin (carbohydrate) and sucrose. | Dietary Supplement: Supplement<br>* supplement/placebo plus exercise training<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle mass | DXA, ultrasound | 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle protein synthesis | The incorporation of a stable isotope (deuterium) into muscle tissue will allow for the determination of fractional synthetic rate, which is indicative of muscle protein synthesis. | 12 weeks | 
| Satellite cell number, density, type I/type II fibre specific satellite cells and myonuclear domain | Histochemical methods will be used to determine how the supplement and training affect muscle growth and regenerative capacity, specifically the behaviour of satellite cells. | 12 weeks | 
| Glycemic control | Oral glucose tolerance test | 12 weeks | 
| Cognitive function | Questionnaires and simple computer-based identification, reaction time and memory tasks. | 12 weeks |