The Effects of Cricket- and Beef-derived Protein on Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations and Appetite Responses

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Dietary protein plays an important role in appetite regulation. Source of ingested dietary protein may have different effects on appetite, satiety, and/or food intake in humans. Insects are a rich source of protein consumed by many people around the world; however, the capacity of insect-derived protein to regulate appetite and food intake is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, amino acid, and appetite regulatory hormone concentrations, subjective appetite sensations, and food intake following the ingestion of 25 g of cricket- and beef-derived protein in healthy young males.

Detailed Description
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With the rapid increase in the global population, the production of sufficient amounts of conventional animal-based protein to meet global dietary demands may no longer be desired nor feasible. Insects may represent an environmentally sustainable additional source of dietary protein that has the potential to help ensure global food security in the future. However, the functional characteristics of insect-derived proteins when fed to humans is unclear. Further, how insect-derived proteins compare to other animal-derived proteins (e.g. from beef) have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to compare postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and amino acid concentrations, gut-derived appetite regulatory hormones, subjective appetite sensations, and ad libitum energy intake following the ingestion of 25 g insect- or beef-derived protein in healthy young men. It was hypothesized that hyperaminoacidaemia would be more rapid following the ingestion of beef-derived protein compared to cricket-derived protein, although total amino acid availability would be similar between protein sources over a 300-minute postprandial period. It was further hypothesized there would be no difference between protein sources on postprandial subjective appetite sensations or subsequent ad libitum energy intake.

Official Title
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The Effects of Dietary Protein Source on Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability, Gut-derived Appetite Regulating Hormones, and Subjective Appetite Sensations in Young Males

Conditions
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Aminoacidemia, Appetitive Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Cricket-derived Protein
* Dietary Supplement: Beef-derived Protein


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male Aged between 18-35 years inclusive Healthy, moderately active BMI < 30 kg/m2 and > 18.5 kg/m2 Having given informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Presence of any identified metabolic or intestinal disorders Use of tobacco products Adherence to a strict vegetarian or vegan diet Use of medications known to affect protein metabolism Allergy to shellfish or crustaceans Allergy to beef protein Engagement in physical exercise training more than 6 days per week

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Cricket-derived protein beverage<br>Ingestion of a cricket-derived protein beverage | Dietary Supplement: Cricket-derived Protein<br>* Beverage containing 25 g cricket-derived protein<br>|
| Experimental: Beef-derived protein beverage<br>Ingestion of a beef-derived protein beverage | Dietary Supplement: Beef-derived Protein<br>* Beverage containing 25 g beef-derived protein<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plasma leucine concentration | umol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Subjective appetite sensations (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption) | mm (visual analogue scale) | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plasma branched-chain amino acid concentration | umol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma essential amino acid concentration | umol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma non-essential amino acid concentration | umol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma total amino acid concentration | umol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma glucose | mmol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma insulin | pmol/L | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma GLP-1 | pg/mL | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Plasma PYY | pg/mL | 0-5 hours in the post-prandial period | 
| Ad libitum food energy intake | kJ | assessed 5 hours after protein intake | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dietary protein, insect protein, young men, beef collagen, amino acids, appetite