Manual Therapy and Exercises Applied to Cervical Spine in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a manual therapy and exercise program, focused on the rehabilitation of cervical function, on clinical signs and mandibular function in subjects with TMD.

Detailed Description
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Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a general term that refers to disorders associated with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory muscles. Among the main symptoms are pre-auricular pain (in the region of the TMJ) and/or pain in the masticatory muscles. It's usual to observe that subjects with TMD also present cervical alteration. Beside this, cervical postural alterations produced by muscle tension can influence mandibular position. The intervention protocol was based on manual therapy, stabilization exercises and stretching. The technique are:. Upper cervical flexion mobilization; C5 central posterior-anterior mobilization; Stabilization exercise: Cranio-cervical flexor stabilization exercise Stretching of muscles: upper trapezius, scalenes, semispinalis capitis; splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid

Official Title
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Effects of Manual Therapy and Exercises Applied to Cervical Spine in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorders: Pilot Study

Conditions
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Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Manual therapy
* Other: Manual therapy
* Device: Pressure biofeedback device


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed with myogenic or mixed temporomandibular disorders Exclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed with arthrogenic or discogenic temporomandibular disorders

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Manual therapy<br>Upper cervical flexion mobilization, C5 central posterior-anterior mobilization, Pressure biofeedback device | Other: Manual therapy<br>* The patient was supine with the cervical spine in a neutral position. The therapist brought about a contact of the occipital bone with the ﬁrst ﬁnger and medial aspect of the hand, and other hand over the frontal region of the patient's head. The mobilizing force was delivered by ﬂexing the upper cervical region using a combination of cephalic traction with the occipital hand and caudal pressure with the frontal hand. This technique was applied for 10 minutes<br>* Other names: Upper cervical flexion mobilization;Other: Manual therapy<br>* The patient was prone with the cervical spine in a neutral position. The therapist placed the tips of his thumbs on the posterior surface of the C5 spinous process, while the other ﬁngers rested gently around the patients' neck. This technique was applied for 9 minutes<br>* Other names: C5 central posterior-anterior mobilization;Device: Pressure biofeedback device<br>* Device: Stabilizer - Chattanooga Group Inc., Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA The cranio-cervical flexor stabilization exercise was done 10 times holding 10 seconds the flexing position graded through feedback from a pressure biofeedback device<br>* Other names: Stabilizer;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changing in maximum mouth opening pain free | The clinical signs was based on Research Diagnostic Criteria protocol and it was measured maximum mouth opening pain free using a caliper ((Somet, 150mm, Inox, Czechoslovakia) | Before and 5 days follow-up intervetion | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changing of Pain | To evaluate pain it was applied a scale from Research Diagnostic Criteria protocol, that consists of a line scored from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no pain and 10 the worst pain that the subject has experienced, allowing it to check the number that features their pain at the moment. | Before and 5 days follow-up intervetion | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Stomatognathic diseases;, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome