Influence of Breakfast Consumption on Chlorogenic Acid Metabolism in Humans

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Data and knowledge gathered on bioavailability of coffee phenolics is becoming more and more important, hence underlying the importance of better understanding the fate of these potential health promoting antioxidants. However, some analytical barriers as well as some key aspects of metabolism still remain to be fully elucidated to get the full picture of coffee metabolism and bioavailability. One aspect addressed in the present study is the impact of food matrix in modulating absorption, plasma appearance and urinary excretion of coffee bioactives.

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Soluble Coffee


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy men and women Aged 20-44 years Caucasian origin Body mass index (BMI) 19-25 kg/m2 Used to drinking coffee (similar to study coffee) on a daily basis Being able to tolerate a 48-hour coffee abstinence Normal oral glucose tolerance test Having signed the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: Taking medication or dietary supplements Smoking Performing a competitive sport Having metabolic disorders Long gut transit time (>24 h) Blood donor Irregularity in menstrual cycle (for women) Pregnancy (for women) Subject who cannot be expected to comply with the study procedures. Currently participating or having participated in another clinical trial during the last 4 weeks prior to the beginning of this study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 44 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Coffee, bread and honey<br>200 mL coffee + 2 bread rolls + honey | Other: Soluble Coffee<br>* Amounts of chlorogenic acids will be normalized to body weight (3.1 mg CA / kg BW). Coffee will be reconstituted in 200 mL hot water and consumed 3 times in a row (min 1-week interval), alone or with a breakfast: 200 mL coffee or 200 mL coffee + 2 bread rolls + honey 200 mL coffee + 1 bread roll + peanut butter<br>|
| Experimental: Coffee, bread and peanut butter<br>200 mL coffee + 1 bread roll + peanut butter | Other: Soluble Coffee<br>* Amounts of chlorogenic acids will be normalized to body weight (3.1 mg CA / kg BW). Coffee will be reconstituted in 200 mL hot water and consumed 3 times in a row (min 1-week interval), alone or with a breakfast: 200 mL coffee or 200 mL coffee + 2 bread rolls + honey 200 mL coffee + 1 bread roll + peanut butter<br>|
| Experimental: 200 mL black coffee<br> | Other: Soluble Coffee<br>* Amounts of chlorogenic acids will be normalized to body weight (3.1 mg CA / kg BW). Coffee will be reconstituted in 200 mL hot water and consumed 3 times in a row (min 1-week interval), alone or with a breakfast: 200 mL coffee or 200 mL coffee + 2 bread rolls + honey 200 mL coffee + 1 bread roll + peanut butter<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sum of plasma areas under the curve of coffee phenolics |  | Measurements over 24h after coffee ingestion | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plasma AUC, Cmax and Tmax of individually measured coffee chlorogenic and phenolic acids |  | Measurements done over 24h after coffee ingestion | 
| Urinary excretion of coffee chlorogenic and phenolic acids expressed as % ingested dose |  | Measurements done over 24h after coffee ingestion |