Effects of a Single Bout of Resistance Training Session on Hormonal Response in Pre-pubertal and Pubertal Boys

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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: Resistance training induces strength gains in both children and adolescents. Exercise training is linked to anabolic functions through the GH-IGF-I axis. This has been demonstrated in studies showing a higher activity of GH and IGF-I in fitter adolescents and adults. Exercise also stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) that suppress the GH-IGF-I axis. This has been observed in endurance-type training, while resistance training has received less attention. Boys experience a significant physiological muscle-growth change during puberty that is associated with increases in boys androgen levels. How maturation affects the hormonal response to resistance training in boys is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to compare the acute effects of a single bout of resistance training on hormones and pro-inflammatory cytokines in pre-pubertal and pubertal boys.

Detailed Description
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Preliminary measurements: Preliminary testing will include anthropometric measurements of body mass, height, body fat percentage, and lean leg volume (LLV). The maturation stage will be determined according to the Tanner scale. There will also be an assessment of maximal strength testing to determine exercise intensity for each individual. Two familiarization sessions will be conducted for muscular strength before the muscular strength testing session. Main trial A venous blood sample will be collected pre-exercise at resting condition. The trial will start with a standardized warm-up followed by a short (20-30 min), high-intensity whole-body resistance training session. Venous blood samples will be collected immediately after the completion of the training session and during the recovery period.

Official Title
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Effects of a Single Bout of Resistance Training Session on Hormonal Response in Pre-pubertal and Pubertal Boys

Conditions
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Hormones, Cytokines

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy boys (n=40) Physically active, defined as a minimum of 2 years experience in a sports club Biological age range: 20 pre-pubertal (Tanner I-II) - 20 pubertal (Tanner III-IV) boys No previous experience of structured resistance training Exclusion Criteria: Chronic diseases that affect full participation Injuries that limit full participation

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 9 Years
Maximum Age: 17 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Resistance Training Session<br>Resistance training. Heavy resistance training. 10 reps x 3 set of upper- and lower-body resistance exercises | Other: Resistance Training<br>* Both groups will perform a resistance training session consisted of 10 reps x 3 set of upper- and lower-body resistance exercises.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Control activity. None-exercising. 30 min of rest | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Growth Hormone Baseline | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Growth Hormone Post exercise | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Growth Hormone 15 minutes post exercise | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Growth Hormone 30 minutes post exercise | Blood Concentration of Growth Hormone | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 
| Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Baseline | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Post exercise | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 15 minutes Post exercise | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 30 minutes Post exercise | Blood concentration of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cortisol Baseline | Blood concentration of Cortisol | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Cortisol Post exercise | Blood concentration of Cortisol | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Cortisol 15 minutes Post exercise | Blood concentration of Cortisol | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Cortisol 30 minutes Post exercise | Blood concentration of Cortisol | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 
| Testosterone Baseline | Blood concentration of testosterone | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Testosterone Post Exercise | Blood concentration of testosterone | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Testosterone 15 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of testosterone | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Testosterone 30 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of testosterone | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 
| Interleukin-6 Baseline | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 15 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-6 30 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Interleukin-6 | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 
| Interleukin-1 alpha Baseline | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha 15 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Interleukin-1 alpha 30 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Interleukin-1 alpha | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 
| Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Baseline | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 15 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 30 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) | 
| Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Baseline | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin | Baseline testing before the exercise intervention (Pre values) | 
| Change from Baseline Baseline Sex Hormone Binding Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin | Right after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post values) | 
| Change from Baseline Baseline Sex Hormone Binding 15 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin | 15 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-15 values) | 
| Change from Baseline Sex Hormone Binding Globulin 30 minutes Post Exercise | Blood concentration of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin | 30 minutes after the completion of the exercise intervention (Post-30 values) |