The Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study primarily aimed to evaluate smile line distribution and prevalence of gummy smile in patients. The secondary purpose was to examine parameters that might be risk factors for gummy smile.

Detailed Description
-----------------
this study primarily aimed to evaluate smile line distribution and prevalence of gummy smile in patients. The secondary purpose was to examine parameters that might be risk factors for gummy smile.Age, gender, marital status, medical history, and medication status of the patients were recorded. All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurments were made by using a millimetric ruler.Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows: Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all. Presence of altered passive eruption, short lip and hypermobile upper lip were also evaluated.

Official Title
-----------------
Evaluating the Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile

Conditions
-----------------
Gummy Smile

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Measurement of gingival display


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: presence of teeth in upper jaw Age between 18-65 years Exclusion Criteria: Patients who have received and/or are receiving orthodontic treatment and patients who received gummy smile treatment were excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 61 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Gummy smile (GS(+))<br> | Other: Measurement of gingival display<br>* All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurements were made by using a millimetric ruler. Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows: Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all.<br>|
| Gumms smile(GS(-))<br> | Other: Measurement of gingival display<br>* All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurements were made by using a millimetric ruler. Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows: Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Measurement of gingival display | All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurments were made by using a millimetric ruler. Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows: Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all. | 1 minute |