Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results play a major role in the lives of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Even though MRI is used for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy control, pwMS' knowledge concerning this complex matter is scarce. Without adequate disease-specific knowledge, pwMS cannot truly make an informed choice when considering their MRI results (e.g. necessity of future MRI scans or therapy change). The investigators have developed an innovative, evidence-based and interactive online education tool called Understanding MRI in MS, which incorporates all relevant information about MRI in MS and its implications in disease management. In this randomized, controlled and double-blind trial the tool's effect on MRI-specific knowledge, self-perceived competence and involvement in medical decision, that are based on MRI results will be assessed.

Detailed Description
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For the randomized controlled trial (RCT), n=120 consecutive patients of 4 centers, for whom a brain (or brain and spine) MRI scan is planned within the next 6 months, will be invited to participate in the trial. Eligible patients will be asked to participate, and, if willing, will receive information about the study by the recruiting physician and written consent will be obtained. Participants will then answer a baseline questionnaire including demographic data, numeracy, attitude and emotions towards MRI (MRI-emotions and attitude questionnaire, MRI-EMA, newly developed) and MRI-specific knowledge (MRI-risk knowledge questionnaire 2.0, MRI-RIKNO 2.0, newly developed). Patients will then be randomized into two groups: The intervention group of n=60 participants gets access to the web-based educational tool, the control group of n=60 to a sham intervention with standard information on MRI. Participants will be asked to provide an e-mail address via which the login for the educational tool will be delivered. After two weeks participants will be asked to fill out the following tools: Primary endpoint MRI-risk knowledge questionnaire 2.0 (MRI-RIKNO 2.0) (newly developed) MRI-emotions and attitude questionnaire (MRI-EMA) (newly developed) Threat by MS Autonomy preferences (Control Preference Scale) Subjective knowledge (VAS scale) (22) Within the course of 2 weeks to 6 months the scheduled MRI will take place, followed by a patient-physician encounter, in which the MRI results are discussed. Directly after this encounter patients and physicians will be asked to answer MAPPIN'SDM questionnaires to assess perceived shared decision making behaviour and realization of autonomy preferences (Control reference scale). All patients will also be asked questions concerning any decisions taken based on the MRI, either a start/change of treatment or agreement on a new MRI in a defined time-frame. N=5 patients of each arm in the study center in Hamburg will be randomly selected and the communication of results during this consultation will be audiotaped and evaluated using the MAPPIN'SDM observer rating approach. In a telephone follow-up after 6 months, implementation of the decisions will be checked.

Official Title
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Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis - a Randomized, Controlled, Double Blind Trial

Conditions
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Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Clinically Isolated Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Understanding MRI in MS (website)
* Other: Control website


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18 years 65 years MRI within 6 weeks to 6 months internet access AND diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) according to the McDonald criteria (Thompson et al., 2018), <10 years disease duration + active disease course (i.e. therapy change or new T2 lesion within the previous year) OR clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (with at least one MS-typical T2 lesion) Exclusion Criteria: diagnosis of secondary-progressive MS diagnosis of primary-progressive MS diagnosis or suspected central nervous system disease other than MS severe cognitive deficit major psychiatric illness patients who are related to medical personnel

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Understanding MRI in MS (website)<br>Participants will receive access to a newly developed, innovative, interactive and evidence-based education tool about magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. | Other: Understanding MRI in MS (website)<br>* Access to an innovative, interactive and evidence-based online education tool about MRI in multiple sclerosis.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control website<br>Participants will receive access to a specifically designed control website containing the information about magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis, that is freely available on the websites of major European multiple sclerosis self help organization (Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Netherland, USA). | Other: Control website<br>* Access to a specifically designed control website containing information on MRI in MS freely available on the websites of major European MS self-help organizations.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Magnetic resonance imaging risk knowledge questionnaire 2.0 (MRI-RIKNO 2.0) | 15-item magnetic resonance imaging-specific knowledge questionnaire (min. points 0, maximum points 22; higher values indicate greater knowledge) | 2 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Emotions and attitude towards magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-EMA) | Validated 10-item questionnaire on emotions and attitude towards magnetic resonance imaging, sub-scales (min. value: 1, max. value: 4; higher values indicate greater expression of the feature): 1) Fear of MRI scan, 2) Fear of MRI results, 3) Feeling of control, 4) Feeling of competence | Baseline, 2 weeks | 
| Control preference scale (CPS) | Scale to assess autonomy preferences during medical decisions (5 categories between complete autonomy and paternalistic decision making as the extremes) | Baseline, 2 weeks, after patient-physician encounter (i.e. 4 weeks to 6 months after baseline) | 
| Threat by MS | Visual analogue scale to assess anxiety associated with disease progression (min. 0, max. 100; higher values indicate higher subjective threat) | baseline, 2 weeks | 
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | Questionnaire to assess anxiety and depression (min. 0, max. 42 points (21 points for each subscale, subscales are added); higher values indicate more severe depression/anxiety) | Baseline, 2 weeks | 
| Multifocal Approach to Sharing in Shared Decision Making (MAPPIN'SDM) | Tool to assess the amount of shared decision making during a patient-physician encounter (min. value 0, max. value 45; higher values indicated higher level of shared decision making) | after patient-physician-encounter (i.e. 4 weeks to 6 months after baseline) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Patient education, Disease-specific knowledge, Shared decision making