OSA (oRisk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Traffic Accidents Among Bus Drivers in Ecuador: is There a Significant Association

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Our study aims to determine the frequency of individuals at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness, as well as any potential association between these conditions and traffic accidents among a sample of Ecuadorian bus drivers.

Detailed Description
-----------------
We conducted a cross-sectional study from September 2019 to January 2020 among 340 male professional bus drivers in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. To be included in the study, participants were required to be male, have an unexpired professional driver's license, as well as being currently enrolled at any local transformational company. Individuals who did not met the inclusion criteria, or who declined voluntary participation were excluded from the study. We screened 340 male professional bus drivers whose mean age was 44.3. We analyzed demographic and clinical variables including age, educational level, associated comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes), years as a professional driver, and number of accidents and near-accidents while working. Accidents were defined as a collision involving the vehicle in which the participant was the driver and another vehicle or stationary obstruction. Near-accidents were defined as unplanned events involving the driver that did not result in injury but had the potential to do so. We used STOP questionnaire to assess four questions related to snoring, tiredness during daytime, observed apnea, and high blood pressure (STOP), and the Bang aspect for screening BMI ≥ 35, age ≥ 50, neck circumference > 40 cm and male gender. Also, we used Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

Official Title
-----------------
Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Traffic Accidents Among Bus Drivers in Ecuador: is There a Significant Association

Conditions
-----------------
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Male Have an unexpired professional driver's license Being currently enrolled at any local transformational company Exclusion Criteria: Not meeting inclusion criteria Declined voluntary participation
Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | STOP-Bang questionnaire: assesses four questions related to snoring, tiredness during daytime, observed apnea, and high blood pressure (STOP), while the Bang aspect screens for a BMI ≥ 35, age ≥ 50, neck circumference > 40 cm and male gender. | 4 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) | Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS): self-administered questionnaire, with 8 questions in which individuals are asked to rate the likelihood of falling asleep while engaged in different activities using a 4-point scale. | 4 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Sleep apnea, daytime sleepiness, accidents, bus drivers