Nitrate Supplementation; Source

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main aim of the current study will be to compare the effects of ingesting different nitrate-rich sources on plasma nitrite concentrations.

Detailed Description
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Oral ingestion of nitrate (NO3-) has been shown to increase plasma nitrate and nitrite levels. Significant lowering of pulmonary oxygen uptake during exercise, as well as significantly lower blood pressure values at rest have been observed after supplementation with nitrate. However, no study has yet described a direct comparison between different nitrate-rich beverages with respect to the bioavailability of nitrate/nitrite and the possible hemodynamic effects. Based on the gaps in current literature, our main goal will therefore be to gain further insight into the effects of nitrate supplementation with different sources on plasma nitrite levels.

Official Title
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The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation: Source of Supplementation

Conditions
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Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Blood Pressure

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Sodium nitrate
* Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice
* Dietary Supplement: Spinach
* Dietary Supplement: Rocket salad


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18.5 < BMI < 30 kg/m2 Engagement in regular physical activity ( > 1 h a week) Exclusion Criteria: Use of medication Smoking Currently supplementing diet with nitrate Lactose intolerance

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Sodium nitrate<br>Dietary supplement: 800 mg of nitrate in sodium nitrate added with water to get a 140 mL solution (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Spinach<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Rocket salad<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Beetroot juice<br>Dietary supplement: 800 mg of nitrate in concentrated beetroot juice (Beet-IT) | Dietary Supplement: Sodium nitrate<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Spinach<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Rocket salad<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Spinach<br>Dietary supplement: 800 mg of nitrate in a spinach based beverage | Dietary Supplement: Sodium nitrate<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Rocket salad<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Rocket salad<br>Dietary supplement: 800 mg of nitrate in a rocket salad based beverage | Dietary Supplement: Sodium nitrate<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice<br> <br> Dietary Supplement: Spinach<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plasma nitrite levels | Plasma nitrite levels following ingestion of dietary nitrate | Baseline until 5 hours after ingestion | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plasma levels of nitrate | Plasma nitrate levels following ingestion of dietary nitrate | Baseline until 5 hours post-ingestion | 
| Resting blood pressure | Resting blood pressure measures following ingestion of dietary nitrate | Baseline, 2.5 hours and 5 hours post-ingestion | 
| Tongue scraping to assess bacterial mouth flora. | Tongue scraping to assess bacterial mouth flora. | 5 h post-ingestion | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nitrate, Bioavailability, Sports