Resistance Training and Appetite Regulation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study plans to learn more about how resistance training impacts appetite and the brain's response to food. The study will be evaluating how the brain responds to food images as well as how behaviors and hormones change with a 12 week resistance training intervention.

Detailed Description
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Aim 1: To determine if RT impacts neuronal function associated with food intake behavior in a manner favoring reduced EI in overweight/obese adults. Hypothesis: Compared to pre, post-RT fMRI measures will demonstrate ↓ neuronal responses to food cues in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus, brain regions implicated in reward, impulsivity, motivation, and regulation of ingestive behaviors. These changes will be associated with ad libitum EI. Aim 2: To determine if RT impacts appetite-related peptides, ratings, and food intake behaviors in a manner favoring reduced EI in overweight/obese adults. Hypothesis: Compared to pre, post-RT measures will show changes in appetite-related peptides, ratings (↓ hunger ↑ satiety), and behaviors (↓food-related cravings & impulsivity, ↑ self-efficacy) consistent with EI reduction. Changes in appetite regulation indices will be associated with changes in relevant brain networks (Aim 1). These changes will also be associated with ↓ ad libitum EI. Exploratory Aim: To determine if RT impacts neuronal function and appetite-related peptides and behaviors in a manner favoring ↓ EI in Non-Compensators (top tertile of fat mass loss) as compared to Compensators (bottom tertile of fat mass loss). Hypothesis: Compared to Compensators, Non-Compensators will show ↓ neuronal responses to food cues and default network, and changes in appetite-related peptides, ratings, and behaviors consistent with ↓ EI.

Official Title
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The Effects of Resistance Training on Appetite Regulation

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Resistance Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: all ethnic groups both sexes age: 18-55 BMI: 27-40 kg/m2 weight stable (±5% in last 6 months) sedentary (<2 hours of planned physical activity/week by self-report, no RT in previous 12-months) Exclusion Criteria: history of CVD DM uncontrolled Hypertension untreated thyroid disease renal disease hepatic disease other condition affecting weight/metabolism unable to exercise smoker medications affecting weight EI or EE in past 6 months weight loss/gain >5% in past 6 months post-menopausal women (defined as age appropriate women with 6 months or more of amenorrhea) currently pregnant, lactating, < 6 months post-partum woman who have undergone oophorectomy bariatric surgery major psychiatric disorder alcohol or substance abuse depression by history and/or score >21 on CES-D history of eating disorders and/or score >20 on EATS-26

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: All Participants<br>12-weeks of a full body resistance training intervention. Intervention will consist of 4 training sessions per week that are approximately 45-minutes in length. Two days will be upper body training and 2 days lower body | Behavioral: Resistance Training<br>* 12-weeks of a full body resistance training intervention. Intervention will consist of 4 training sessions per week that are approximately 45-minutes in length. Two days will be upper body training and 2 days lower body<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Neuronal Responses to Food Cues in Regions of Interest | Changes in the insula, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus response to salient food cues (pre vs post-RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Whole Brain Response | Whole brain changes in response to salient food cues (pre vs post RT) as measured by fMRI in response to 12-weeks of RT | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 
| Change in Default Mode Network | Changes in the DMN resting state activity and large-scale network connectivity (pre vs post RT) as measured by MRI in response to 12-weeks of RT | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 
| Changes in Appetite Ratings | Changes in measures of appetite (hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test-meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 
| Changes in Appetite-Related Hormones | Changes in appetite-related hormones [ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1] area under the curve [AUC] following a standardized test meal in response to 12-weeks of RT. | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 
| Change in In Lab Ad Libitum Energy Intake (kcals) | Change in In lab ad libitum buffet lunch (via weigh and measure methodology) three hours after breakfast test meal at baseline and post-intervention | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 
| Change in Free-Living Ad libitum Energy Intake (kcals) | Change in Three days of free-living ad libitum energy intake (via DHQ food frequency questionnaire) at baseline and post intervention. | Baseline, 12 Weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Resistance Exercise, Appetite Regulation