Exploring Potential Associations Between Rurality and Hopelessness in IHD Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Hopelessness is associated with 3.4 times increased risk of mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), independent of depression. Hopelessness has been identified in 27-52% of patients with IHD and can persist for up to 12 months after hospital discharge. Hopelessness, a negative outlook and sense of helplessness toward the future, can be a temporary response to an event (state) or a habitual outlook (trait). Hopelessness is associated with decreased physical functioning and lower physical activity (PA) levels in individuals with IHD. Low levels of PA independently contribute to increased death and adverse events in patients with IHD. Rates of PA in IHD patients continue to be unacceptably low in both hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation and home settings. Compounding this issue is often the symptom of hopelessness. The links among hopelessness, PA and mortality and morbidity for patients with IHD remain largely unknown, especially in rural and minority IHD patients. The purpose of this study is to delineate differences in hopelessness between urban and rural patients with IHD, as well as between racial minority, including Hispanic and Native American, and White patients with IHD. Potential mediation of urbanicity and race/ethnicity by social connectedness, a key variable in rural settings, will also be examined. A 6-month longitudinal study will be conducted at Sanford Heart Hospital and Avera Health in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Hopelessness will be measured using the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale. The results of this study have potential to transform nursing practice by providing a better understanding of hopelessness in IHD patients and informing future exercise rehabilitation studies and interventions in rural and minority populations.

Official Title
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Exploring Potential Associations Between Rurality and Hopelessness in IHD Patients

Conditions
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Cardiac Disease, Mental Health Issue

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Rurality; Ethnicity; Exercise; Hopelessness


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Myocardial infarction or unstable angina or having undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery ≥ 18 years planned discharge home cognitive and physical ability to complete the study measures. Exclusion Criteria: None
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients with IHD<br>No intervention | Other: Rurality; Ethnicity; Exercise; Hopelessness<br>* Observational study exploring rurality, ethnicity, exercise and hopelessness patterns cross-sectionally and longitudinally<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| State and Trait levels of Hopelessness | State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (values range from 1-4 on both subscales with larger values meaning more hopelessness) | Six-month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Participation (yes/no) and Levels (frequency; vigor) of Exercise | CREPT measurement tool for self-reported home and hospital exercise participation (yes/no) and levels (frequency/vigor) of exercise | Six-month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Rurality