Hormonal and Bone Turnover Marker Response to an Acute Bout of Resistance or Plyometric Exercise

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
We are interested in determining if there exist a short-term response in the serum markers and hormones that participate in the regulation of bone tissue formation and breakdown to a single, high-intensity exercise session of weight lifting (resistance exercise) or jumping (plyometrics). We are also interested in determining if the bone marker response to exercise is altered by changing the negative energy state caused by the exercise treatment, when subjects are given a moderate calorie meal.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Bone tissue responds to impact and strain forces, like high-intensity exercise, by upregulating the bone remolding process, resulting in the deposition of calcium phosphate minerals into the collagen matrix of bone. Bone remodeling is a continually active process that involves both activation cells regulating bone formation (osteoblasts) and resorption (osteoclasts). Alterations in the balance between formation and resorption are critical for changes in bone density and mineral content to occur, which is regulated by several hormones including vitamin D and growth hormone, the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone, and parathyroid hormone. Importantly, it remains unclear how single bouts of physical activity contribute to the overall changes in remodeling and whether those acute alterations can be detected in the hours after exercise. Additionally, research studies examining the effects of exercise on bone remodeling often draw blood samples after 24 hours of physical inactivity, potentially diminishing the magnitude of the exercise response. Therefore, we plan to evaluate the acute effects of plyometrics and resistance exercise on changes in serum hormones and markers of bone turnover in non-sedentary, healthy males, with or without a moderate calorie supplement.

Official Title
-----------------
Hormonal and Bone Turnover Marker Response to an Acute Bout of Resistance or Plyometric Exercise

Conditions
-----------------
Osteoporosis, Osteopenia

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: plyometric exercise
* Other: resistance exercise
* Other: No exercise


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Male No symptoms of disease Non-sedentary Age 25-65 Exclusion Criteria: Medications or supplements that affect bone metabolism or prevent exercise Previous or current medical condition affecting bone health, including osteoporosis. Cardiovascular disease Metallic implants affecting accuracy of bone density scan Current smoker Current participation in high-intensity jumping or resistance exercise in the last 3 months.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Exercise after fasting<br>Will complete 2 resistance exercise sessions and 2 plyometric exercise sessions after a 10-hour fast | Other: resistance exercise<br>* single bout of resistance exercise<br>|
| No exercise<br>Will complete a ten-hour fast but do no exercise | Other: No exercise<br>* Will not do any exercise<br>|
| Exercise after snack<br>Will complete 2 resistance exercise sessions and 2 plyometric exercise sessions 2 hours following a 500 calorie nutritional supplement | Other: plyometric exercise<br>* single bout of plyometric exercise<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| serum bone turnover markers |  | 24 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| serum hormones regulating bone turnover |  | 24 hours |