Promoting Water Consumption for Prevention of Overweight in School Children in a Controlled Intervention Trial

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A major goal in public health is to find effective, feasible and simple programs for overweight prevention among children. This controlled intervention study evaluates a simple environmental and behavioral modification for its efficacy in preventing overweight of children in the school setting. The intervention strategy focuses solely on the promotion of drinking tap water. The study was conducted in 32 elementary schools including about 3000 children in two German cities over 1 school year.

Detailed Description
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Soft drinks and other caloric beverages are supposed to be involved in the development of overweight and obesity in children. The intervention strategy of our study was to promote water consumption by facilitating access to tap water in schools assuming a concomitant decrease in caloric soft drinks at least at school. The environmental modification of installing a water dispenser at school and delivering a special bottle to each child in the intervention schools was supported by a few educational lessons. These lessons were held by the class teachers who received a prepared 6-hour curriculum dealing with the importance of water for the body and of water intake. For the study 17 randomly selected schools were assigned to the intervention group, 15 schools to the control group that did not receive any intervention. Body weight and height to calculate BMI as primary outcome were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period of 1 school year. As secondary outcome drinking and physical activity habits were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. The water flow of the dispenser was measured at regular intervals. In addition, data of process evaluation was collected to measure acceptance and feasibility of the intervention in the school setting. To analyze the efficacy of this primarily environmental and behavioral intervention, incidence and prevalence was compared between intervention and control group.

Official Title
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Promoting Water Consumption for Prevention of Overweight in School Children in a Controlled Intervention Trial

Conditions
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Overweight

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: environmental and behavioral change


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All children in 2nd and 3rd grade of selected elementary schools Exclusion Criteria: parental consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 7 Years
Maximum Age: 9 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control group<br>Control schools had school curriculum as usual and did not receive environmental intervention. | |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>Intervention schools received water dispensers, drinking bottles and lessons as intervention. | Behavioral: environmental and behavioral change<br>* In intervention schools a water dispenser was installed and children received water bottles as environmental intervention. Children also received a 6-hour-curriculum about the importance of water for the body that were held by the teachers.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Overweight | Prevalence of overweight defined acording to the criteria of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) | one school year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Intake of Drinks |  | one school year | 
| Physical Activity and Inactivity |  | one school year | 
| Water Flow of the Water Dispensers |  | one school year | 
| Parameters of Process Evaluation (Acceptance, Feasibility) |  | 1,5 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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children, primary prevention, environmental change, behavioural change, school setting, changing of drinking habits, promotion of drinking tap water