Prevalence of NCD Risk Factors in Kazakhstan

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a cross-sectional study that aims to study the prevalence of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in people aged 18 to 69 years using the standardized and adopted STEPS questionnaire in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Detailed Description
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The WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) is a simple, standardized method for collecting, analysing and disseminating data on key NCD risk factors in countries. The survey instrument covers key behavioral risk factors: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, unhealthy diet, as well as key biological risk factors: overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, and abnormal blood lipids.

Official Title
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Preventive and Personalized Medicine (2021-2023)

Conditions
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Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Blood test
* Diagnostic Test: STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS)
* Diagnostic Test: Spirometry


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age Limits 18-69 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 69 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| The study Group<br>Population of Kazakhstan | Diagnostic Test: Blood test<br>* Glucose Glycosylated hemoglobin Triglycerides Total cholesterol HDL Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol Creatinine COVID-19 Antibody IgM to N protein SARS-Cov-2 (Abbott) COVID-19 Antibody IgG to N protein SARS-Cov-2 (Abbott)<br>Diagnostic Test: STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS)<br>* The WHO STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) is a simple, standardized method for collecting, analysing and disseminating data on key NCD risk factors in countries. The survey instrument covers key behavioral risk factors: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, unhealthy diet, as well as key biological risk factors: overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, and abnormal blood lipids. Through the use of expanded modules, the survey instrument can be expanded to cover a range of topics beyond these risk factors, such as oral health, sexual health and road safety.<br>Diagnostic Test: Spirometry<br>* Spirometry is a common office test used to assess how well your lungs work by measuring how much air you inhale, how much you exhale and how quickly you exhale.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| tobacco use | currently smoke tobacco, currently smoke tobacco daily, age started smoking, daily smokers smoking manufactured cigarettes | 1 year | 
| alcohol consumption | lifetime abstainers, past 12 month abstainers, currently drink (drank alcohol in the past 30 days), heavy episodic drinking (6 or more drinks on any occasion in the past 30 days). | 1 year | 
| physical activity | insufficient physical activity (defined as < 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, or equivalent), physical activity on average per day (minutes), not engaging in vigorous activity. | 1 year | 
| unhealthy diet | days fruit consumed in a typical week, servings of fruit consumed on average per day, days vegetables consumed in a typical week, servings of vegetables consumed on average per day, less than 5 servings of fruit and/or vegetables on average per day, always or often add salt or salty sauce to their food before eating or as they are eating, always or often eat processed foods high in salt. | 1 year | 
| BMI | overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), normal weight | 1 year | 
| raised blood pressure | systolic blood pressure - SBP (mmHg), including those currently on medication for raised BP, diastolic blood pressure - DBP (mmHg), including those currently on medication for raised BP, raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or currently on medication for raised BP), raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or currently on medication for raised BP) who are not currently on medication for raised BP. | 1 year | 
| raised blood glucose | fasting blood glucose, including those currently on medication for raised blood glucose, impaired fasting glycaemia (plasma venous value ≥6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dl) and <7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl)), raised fasting blood glucose (plasma venous value ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl)) or currently on medication for raised blood glucose. | 1 year | 
| abnormal blood lipids | total blood cholesterol, including those currently on medication for raised cholesterol, raised total cholesterol, | 1 year |