The Use of 2D and 3D Imaging Modalities and Its Influence on Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Research questions: Will the panoramic images derived from cone beam CT data give better diagnostic ability than conventional panoramic radiographs? Will 3D cephalometric analysis offer the orthodontists and surgeons better information for treatment planning? Will the 3D cephalometric analysis give more accurate treatment plan and better treatment outcome? General hypothesis and special aims Overall aims: To compare 2D versus 3D cephalometric analysis: treatment planning and therapeutic outcome. To determine the accuracy and diagnostic ability and usability of the 3D cephalometric analysis. To evaluate the diagnostic ability and usability of the panoramic image derived from cone beam CT data as compared to 2D panoramic images. To evaluate the value of the cone beam CT data in cephalometric analysing process for orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery treatment. Hypotheses: The availability of the 3D cephalometric analysis influences the orthodontic and maxillofacial treatment plan and decision, and might change the treatment outcome. Panoramic images derived from cone beam CT data may provide equal information for diagnosis as conventional panoramic images. Cone beam CT will be able to replace classic orthodontic imaging being more time and dose efficient and having a beneficial effect on treatment outcome.

Official Title
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The Use of 2D and 3D Imaging Modalities and Its Influence on Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics

Conditions
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Orthodontics, Malocclusion, Impacted Tooth, Cephalometry, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Panoramic Radiography

Intervention / Treatment
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* Radiation: Panoramic radiograph, Cephalometric radiograph
* Radiation: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age 12-25 years old Patients with malocclusions Patients with jaw relation defect both with or without the need of orthognathic surgery Patients with maxillofacial defects: tumors and trauma Patients with eruption problems: embedded or impacted teeth which have to be removed Exclusion Criteria: Patients with congenital deformities Patients with systemic diseases that may effect the growth formation: growth factor defect and thyroid hormone defect.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 3D cephalometric analysis<br> | Radiation: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)<br>* CBCT data will be used in 3D cephalometric analysis softwares<br>|
| 2D cephalometric analysis<br> | Radiation: Panoramic radiograph, Cephalometric radiograph<br>* 2D images that are used for orthodontic treatment planning<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cephalometric analysis | linear and angular cephalometric measurement | at treatment planning step and after 2 years of treatment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| outcome of orthodontic treatment |  | after 2 years of treatment |