Investigating Consumers Perception and Acceptance of Whey Beverages

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Brief Summary: This study aims to investigate whether protein fortification of beverages causes mouthdrying and mucoadhesion and whether this is influenced by saliva flow.

Detailed Description
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To investigate whether whey protein beverages causes mouthdrying and reduces acceptability compared with a control beverage (whey permeate beverage) and to determine whether manipulating salivary flow rates influences mouthdrying. To determine whether mucoadhesion is a probable cause of mouthdrying.

Official Title
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Investigating Consumers Perception and Acceptance of Whey Beverages

Conditions
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Individual Difference, Food Sensitivity, Food Preferences

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Liquid Model


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy No food allergies or intolerances Non smokers Exclusion Criteria: Taking prescribed medication that could influence study outcomes (such as saliva flow) Relevant food allergies or intolerances Outside age criteria Cancer Had oral surgery or a stroke Smoker Diabetic Anyone who currently has COVID-19 symptoms or who has had COVID-19 within the last 4 weeks

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This study involves both a crossover design where each participant tastes both the control product and the protein fortified product with an appropriate break between the two sessions. The study will be conducted single blind as it not feasible to blind the researcher. Each participant will attend 2 study visits and all foods will be presented with random blinding codes.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Protein Beverage<br>Whey Protein Beverage | Behavioral: Liquid Model<br>* To study the perception of whey beverages using sensory methods (rating drying as well as discrimination tests which is the stronger in drying) Measuring mucoadhesion via protein content remaining in saliva following swallowing of whey protein and whey permeate beverages.<br>|
| Experimental: Control Beverage<br>Whey Permeate Beverage | Behavioral: Liquid Model<br>* To study the perception of whey beverages using sensory methods (rating drying as well as discrimination tests which is the stronger in drying) Measuring mucoadhesion via protein content remaining in saliva following swallowing of whey protein and whey permeate beverages.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mucoadhesion and Mouthdrying | Following swallowing of different whey beverage samples (whey protein / whey permeate), volunteers will be asked either to rate samples for mouthdrying or to spit their saliva into a tube at specific timepoints (15s & 60s) with appropriate rest periods. The rating and spitting times will be set within a balanced order protocol. | Saliva collection and mouthdrying scoring throughout visits, 2 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mouthdrying from whey beverages | Perceived mouth drying from whey beverages (whey permeate / whey protein) using data from sensory methods (rating drying as well as discrimination tests which is the stronger in drying). Scale for scoring is the gLMS scale (general linear magnitude scale); higher value is worse outcome. | 1 day (Sampled at study visit one) | 
| Manipulating saliva flow and mouthdrying from whey beverages | Volunteers will be asked to manipulate their saliva flow and consume whey beverages (whey permeate / whey protein) and score perceived mouth drying (data will be collected from sensory methods (rating drying as well as discrimination tests which is the stronger in drying) | 1 day (Sampled at study visit one) | 
| Saliva collection | Salivary flow rates from unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples. | 1 day (Sampled at study visit two) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Mouthdrying, Saliva Flow, Mucoadhesion, Oral Nutritional Supplements