Eating Peanuts for Health

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Evidence is accumulating that peanut consumption confers health benefits, such as reduction of cardiovascular disease risk and possibly diabetes risk (Jenkins et al., 2008; Mattes et al., 2008). However, peanuts are a high fat, energy dense food and concerns about weight gain are widespread. Although research indicates that other characteristics of peanuts offset these properties, and that peanuts may be incorporated into diets without posing a threat to weight gain (Mattes et al., 2008), concern remains among policymakers, healthcare providers, and consumers. Furthermore, worry exists that eating salted peanuts may elevate blood pressure and that eating honey-roasted peanuts make elevate blood sugar. These fears create substantial obstacles to increased peanut consumption. Recommendations to increase peanut consumption may be made, but if they are not followed, there will be no impact on health. Additional knowledge is needed on: (1) the acceptability of peanuts consumed on a chronic basis, (2) the chronic intake of moderate levels of peanuts and body weight, and 3) the effects of peanuts on blood pressure and blood sugar. The proposed research will examine the acceptability of long-term inclusion of a single form versus varied forms of peanuts in the diet. It is expected that responses will be varied among individuals with different personality characteristics (e.g., prefer sweet versus savory foods, hedonic versus non-hedonic eaters). A better understanding of how different segments of the population choose to include peanuts in their diet and how to optimize long-term consumption should provide insights for better marketing and improved health. Furthermore, it is anticipated that eating salty peanuts will not raise blood pressure and that eating honey-roasted peanuts will not raise blood sugar. Documenting this will add credibility to the evidence that peanuts do not cause weight gain, as well as reinforce recommendations to increase peanut consumption for their health benefits.

Official Title
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Peanut Consumption and Human Weight Management

Conditions
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Obesity, Overweight, Hyperlipidemia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Between 18 and 50 years of age Weight stable (< 3 kg weight change within last 3 months) Constant habitual activity patterns (no deviation > 1x/wk at 30 min/session within last 3 months) Constant habitual diet patterns within last 3 months Willingness to eat all test foods (peanuts daily for 12 weeks) No allergy to foods provided in the study (peanuts) Not a daily peanut or tree nut consumer Not planning to change use of medications known to influence appetite or metabolism Not diabetic or hypertensive No history of gastrointestinal pathology Non-smoker for one year or more Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Consumption of 42 g of salted peanuts<br>Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily | Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily<br>* Consumption of the given 42 grams of peanuts daily without instructions for use (i.e. with/without meals, etc.)<br>|
| Experimental: Consumption of 42 g of unsalted peanuts<br>Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily | Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily<br>* Consumption of the given 42 grams of peanuts daily without instructions for use (i.e. with/without meals, etc.)<br>|
| Experimental: Consumption of 42 g of spicy peanuts<br>Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily | Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily<br>* Consumption of the given 42 grams of peanuts daily without instructions for use (i.e. with/without meals, etc.)<br>|
| Experimental: Consumption of 42 g of honey peanuts<br>Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily | Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily<br>* Consumption of the given 42 grams of peanuts daily without instructions for use (i.e. with/without meals, etc.)<br>|
| Experimental: Consumption of 42 g of 3 diff. varieties<br>Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily | Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily<br>* Consumption of the given 42 grams of peanuts daily without instructions for use (i.e. with/without meals, etc.)<br>|
| Experimental: Consumption of 42 g of var. of types<br>Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily | Other: Consumption of 42 grams of peanuts daily<br>* Consumption of the given 42 grams of peanuts daily without instructions for use (i.e. with/without meals, etc.)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Weight |  | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Blood Lipids |  | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Blood Pressure |  | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Hedonics of peanut consumption | Participants will rate their liking of the sample each day using a visual analog scale. | 12 weeks | 
| Change in Body Composition |  | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Fasting Blood Glucose |  | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Cortisol |  | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Insulin |  | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 
| Change in Pulse |  | 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Personality Questionnaires |  | At baseline visit | 
| Flavor attribute liking measures |  | At baseline | 
| Compliance | Participants will self-report compliance to study protocol using record sheets. | 12 weeks | 
| Appetitive Ratings | Collected on handheld computer | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | 
| Consumption Parameters | Participants will note if peanuts were eaten as a meal or snack, at what time, and with what other foods daily. | 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Obesity, energy balance, variety, nut intake