Development and Validation of New SNU Illustrated Pain Rating Scale as a Tool for Postoperative Pain Assessment

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The numeric rating scale (NRS), one of the most widely used pain scales in clinical practice, although convenient, is often subject to bias because it requires abstract thinking from both the patient and the evaluator. Compared to numbers, traumatic pain, when visualized appropriately, has potential advantage as a means to indicate and communicate the severity of pain. Given that they are standardized in terms of body parts, wound size, and bleeding volume, illustrations of traumatic pain along with external somatic stimuli that caused it can be used to serve as effective visual anchors to supplement a pain scale by giving more concrete information to the patient. The purpose of this study is to develop Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale(SNUIPS) using pictures of traumatic pain, and verify the validity and effectiveness of this scale in comparison with those of NRS.

Official Title
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Development and Validation of New SNU Illustrated Pain Rating Scale for Effective Assessment of Acute Postoperative Pain: a Comparative Study With Numeric Rating Scale

Conditions
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Pain Measurement, Acute Pain, Postoperative Pain, Anesthesia, Surgery

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adult patients undergoing a gynecological or orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia Administered with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain control American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I-III patients Exclusion Criteria: Contraindicated against fentanyl Unable to communicate Aged less than 18, or more than 79 Weighs less than 40kg or more than 89kg Has severe heart disease(s) Pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 79 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 24 hours after surgery. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 24.5 hours after surgery for validation in terms of test-retest reliability of the scale. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24.5 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 48 hours after surgery for assessment of sensitivity to change. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). | 48 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 24 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 24.5 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24.5 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 48 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. | 48 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics | Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics | 24 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics | Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics | 24.5 hours after surgery | 
| Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics | Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics | 48 hours after surgery | 
| Understandability of Pain Scales | Survey among patients on understandability pain scales | 48 hours after surgery | 
| Convenience of Pain Scales | Survey among patients on convenience of pain scales | 48 hours after surgery | 
| Patient Satisfaction of Postoperative Pain Management | Survey among patients on their level of overall satisfaction on postoperative pain management | 48 hours after surgery | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pain Measurement, Acute Postoperative Pain