Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Households

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The burden of tobacco use falls disproportionately on low-income populations, through high rates of primary smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. The remarkable progress in creating smoke-free environments in the U.S. over the past two decades has left smoker's homes as one of the primary sources of exposure to secondhand smoke for both children and nonsmoking adults. Intervention research that identifies effective and practical strategies for reaching the minority of households that still allow smoking in the home has considerable potential to reduce smoke exposure, but suitable channels to reach low-income families are limited. The proposed research will develop, evaluate and disseminate a brief smoke-free homes intervention through the established national infrastructure of 2-1-1 call centers. 2-1-1 is a nationally designated 3-digit telephone exchange, similar to 9-1-1 for emergencies or 4-1-1 for directory assistance, that links callers to community-based health and social services. The proposed research has four specific aims: 1) Conduct formative research on intervention messages and materials for promoting smoke-free homes in low-income populations, applicable to both smokers and nonsmokers as household change agents; 2) Conduct a randomized controlled trial in the Atlanta 2-1-1 service area to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention to create smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers; 3) Conduct replication studies in Houston and North Carolina 2-1-1 systems to systematically test the intervention in varied populations and tobacco control climates, and 4) Disseminate the research-tested smoke-free homes intervention through a variety of mechanisms including a national grants program to 2-1-1 systems and through the Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium's linkages to the state and local tobacco control infrastructure in the U.S.

Official Title
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Brief Interventions to Create Smoke-Free Home Policies in Low-Income Households

Conditions
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Chronic Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Educational print materials and a coaching call


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Must be 18 years of age or older. Must speak and understand English. Must smoke and live with at least one other non-smoking person OR be a non-smoker who lives with a smoker(s). Must not have a total smoking ban in their home. Exclusion Criteria: None

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control<br>Participant receives usual care | |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Intervention group participants receive three sets of mailed educational materials about making their home smoke-free and one coaching call. | Behavioral: Educational print materials and a coaching call<br>* Intervention group participants receive three sets of mailed educational materials about making their home smoke-free and one coaching call.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Presence of a total home smoking ban |  | Change from baseline in reported total home smoking bans at 3-month and 6-month follow-up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Weekly secondhand smoke exposure for non-smokers |  | Change from baseline in reported secondhand smoke exposure for non-smokers at 3-month and 6-month follow-up | 
| Cessation attempts (for smokers) |  | Change from baseline in reported cessation attempts (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up | 
| Number of cigarettes smokes (for smokers) |  | Change from baseline in reported number of cigarettes smoked (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up | 
| Stage of change to quit smoking (for smokers) |  | Change from baseline in stage of change to quit smoking (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up | 
| Successful cessation (for smokers) |  | Change from baseline in successful cessation (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Secondhand smoke exposure, Smoke-free homes, Smoke-free home bans