High Intensity Interval Versus Continuous Moderate Intensity Training: Maximizing the Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adolescents

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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6-week, single site, two parallel arm, randomized, controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) versus a continuous Moderate Intensity Training (MIT) program on cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes in overweight adolescent males. HIIT training may be a potent time-efficient strategy to induce similar metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations typically associated with MIT.

Official Title
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High Intensity Interval Versus Continuous Moderate Intensity Training: Maximizing the Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adolescents.

Conditions
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Metabolism, Physical Fitness

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: High Intensity Interval Training
* Other: Moderate Intensity Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Ages 17-22 Men BMI (25.0 - 35.0 kg/m2) Interested in improving health and fitness Exclusion Criteria: Weight loss or gain of >10% of body weight in the past 6 months for any reason. Currently taking medication that suppresses or stimulates appetite. History of prior surgical procedure for weight control or liposuction. Current smoker. Any major disease, including: Active cancer or cancer requiring treatment in the past 2 years (except nonmelanoma skin cancer). Active or chronic infections, including self-reported HIV positivity and active tuberculosis. Diagnosed heart conditions. Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 95 mm Hg on treatment. Gastrointestinal disease, including self-reported chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, any episode of alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic pancreatitis within past year, inflammatory bowel disease requiring treatment in the past year, recent or significant abdominal surgery (e.g., gastrectomy). Asthma. Diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or 2), fasting impaired glucose tolerance (blood glucose 118 mg/dL), or use of any anti-diabetic medications. Conditions or behaviors likely to effect the conduct of the trial: unable or unwilling to give informed consent; unable to communicate with the pertinent clinic staff; unwilling to accept treatment assignment by randomization; current or anticipated participation in another intervention research project that would interfere with the intervention offered in the trial; likely to move away from participating clinics before trial completed; unable to walk 0.25 mile in 10 minutes. Currently taking antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage is stable (no change for 6 months). Any active use of illegal or illicit drugs. Excessive alcohol intake defined as an average consumption of 3 or more alcohol containing beverages daily. Unwilling to limit alcohol intake to ≤2 drink per day (one drink = 4 oz. wine, 12 oz. beer, or ½ shot of liquor). Current exerciser (>30 min organized exercise per week). Indication of unsuitability of current health for exercise protocol (PARQ). Any other conditions which, in opinion of the investigators, would adversely affect the conduct of the trial.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 17 Years
Maximum Age: 22 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: High Intensity Interval Training<br>Participants will perform the HIIT protocol on an electronically-braked cycle ergometer (Quinton Excalibur, Quinton Instrument Company, Bothell, WA). Participants will perform a 20-minute protocol, consisting of four minutes of cycling at 15% of maximum anaerobic power (Max-AP) followed by 30 seconds at 85% of Max-AP. These workloads will be based upon pre-trial Wingate tests. This cycle was repeated four times within each protocol, ending with two minutes at 15% of Max-AP. This will be performed 3d/wk for 6wks, with at least 24 hrs between each session. | Other: High Intensity Interval Training<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Moderate Intensity Training<br>Participants will perform 45-60 min (graduated over time to 60) of continuous cycling at 65% of VO¬2peak on a Monark cycle ergometer. Workload will be based upon pre-trial VO¬2peak testing. MIT exercise will be performed 5d/wk for 6wks. | Other: Moderate Intensity Training<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body Composition as measured by DXA |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body Weight |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Blood Pressure |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Body Mass Index |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Peak uptake of volume of oxygen |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Wingate Cycle test |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| LDL Cholesterol |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| HDL Cholesterol |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Triglycerides |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Glucose |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Insulin |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Ghrelin |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Leptin |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Adiponectin |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| PYY |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| IL-6 |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| TNF-alpha |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Total antioxidant capacity |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Protein Carbonyls | ELISA assay purchased from NW LifeSciences. Prior to analysis, all serum samples were assayed for protein concentration based on the methods of Bradford and adjusted to 4 mg・mL-1 protein using a phosphate buffer. Protein carbonyls, a measure of protein oxidation, were analyzed in duplicate in 50 μl of sera using a commercially available ELISA kit (NWK-PCK01).The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 2.7 % and 5%. The lower detection limit of the assay was 0.1 nmol/mg. | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Free living energy expenditure as measured by accelerometer |  | Baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Appetite/satiety measures | composite score | baseline & 6 weeks | 
| Quality & satisfaction with life | composite score | baseline & 6 weeks | 
| Rate of perceived exertion during exercise via Borg Scale |  | baseline and 6 weeks | 
| 24-hour dietary recall |  | pre-baseline, baseline, 6 weeks | 
| Self Motivation Inventory |  | baseline and 6 weeks | 
| Profile of Mood States |  | baseline & 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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high intensity interval training, aerobic exercise, insulin sensitivity, obesity, cardiovascular fitness