Energy Labelling for Alcohol Drinks in New Zealand: Consumers Perceptions and Impacts on Purchase Behaviour

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A two-stage qualitative and quantitative study to provide insight into consumers' awareness of energy in alcoholic beverages, and how energy labelling effects consumer behaviour.

Detailed Description
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Rationale: In 2016/2017, one in five (19.5%) New Zealand adults (≥15 years and older) had an alcohol drinking pattern that carriers a risk of harming the drinker or another, and one in three (32.9%) young adults aged 18 to 24 years are hazardous drinkers. To reduce alcohol-related harm and help New Zealanders make positive decisions about their alcohol use, strategies are needed that not only inform them about health risks but also alter the environment they find themselves in on a daily basis. Unlike most packaged food products, alcoholic beverages are not required to present a statement of the composition of the product, such as amount of alcohol, energy or the nutrient content. It has been suggested that in the absence of this information, consumers of alcohol have no idea how much energy, alcohol or kilojoules they are consuming. Research indicates that nutrition labelling of food and non-alcoholic beverage products does impact consumer perceptions and product evaluations. A recent poll by Stuff showed that 83% of 3,300 New Zealanders indicated that they want to know what they are consuming and supported placement of ingredients and nutritional information on alcohol products. Objectives: To provide insight into consumers' awareness of energy in alcoholic beverages, and in their views on energy labelling of alcoholic beverages. The project also aims to explore the effects of different types of energy labelling on consumers alcohol purchase behaviour. Design: Two-staged qualitative and quantitative study. Qualitative stage: Focus groups. Quantitative stage: Four-arm randomised controlled trial. This qualitative stage aims to test the effects of three different types of alcohol energy labels on alcoholic beverages on (online) purchase behaviour, compared to a control (no label) condition, using an 'online shopping cart'. Recruitment: Panel. Sample size: Qualitative stage: n=36 (six focus groups with six people per group); Quantitative stage: n=600 (n=150 participants per experimental condition).

Official Title
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Energy Labelling for Alcohol Drinks in New Zealand: Consumers Perceptions and Impacts on Purchase Behaviour

Conditions
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Consumption, Alcohol, Drinking, Alcohol

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Intervention
* Behavioral: Control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: are ≥18 years of age; having purchased and consumed at least one alcoholic beverage in the past month; be able to read English; reside in New Zealand; be a member of the online panel of Research Now Survey Sampling International. Exclusion Criteria: Participants not meeting the eligibility criteria will be excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1 ratio, stratified by ethnicity and alcohol use) by computer to view on-line one of four label conditions.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Energy Label 1<br>Alcoholic beverage displayed with Energy label 1 | Behavioral: Intervention<br>* Energy label condition.<br>|
| Experimental: Energy Label 2<br>Alcoholic beverage displayed with Energy Label 2 | Behavioral: Intervention<br>* Energy label condition.<br>|
| Experimental: Energy Label 3<br>Alcoholic beverage displayed with Energy Label 3 | Behavioral: Intervention<br>* Energy label condition.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Unlabelled<br>Alcohol beverage displayed unlabelled. | Behavioral: Control<br>* No label<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Consumer online purchasing behaviour | Consumer online purchasing behaviour assessed on an 11-point Juster scale (where 1 = no chance/almost no chance and 11 = certain/practically certain | Measured immediately after randomization | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Purchase behaviour | Number of alcoholic beverage(s) bought in the online shopping cart | Measured immediately after randomization | 
| Perceived and estimated energy content of displayed product | Assessed using a seven-point scale ranging from very low to very high and the estimated energy content of the product | Measured at randomization | 
| Perceived confidence in estimating energy content of displayed product | assessed using a seven-point scale ranging from not confident at all to very confident | Measured immediately after randomization | 
| Intention to consume displayed product | Assessed using a seven-point scale ranging from would decrease consumption level to would increase consumption level | Measured immediately after randomization | 
| Attitudes towards displayed product | On a seven-point rating scale participants will be asked whether they believe the displayed alcoholic product was expensive/cheap, unattractive/attractive, low quality/high quality, unhealthy/healthy, and taste bad/good. | Measured immediately after randomization | 
| Support for displayed label | On a seven-point rating scale participants will be asked whether they would support the implementation of the displayed label | Measured at randomization | 
| Attitudes towards alcohol | Assessed using the Scale for Measurement of Attitudes Towards Alcohol, a tool used to i) assess people's risk profile regarding the use of alcohol and ii) identify the factors that contribute to determining their attitudes | Measured immediately after randomization | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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consumer behaviour, alcohol labelling, energy labelling