First Australian National Trans Mental Health Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is an Internet-based survey of transgender and transsexual (trans) people aged 18 years and older living in Australia. This population has received limited attention from public health researchers, planners, and practitioners. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that trans people experience disparities in several important areas of health compared with the population generally. In particular, trans people are more likely to experience mental health problems (notably depression and anxiety disorders), use alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs, and think about or attempt suicide. Additionally, trans people commonly report that their physical and mental health needs are not met, and underutilise preventive health care. Participants were recruited using several non-probability sampling techniques, (including purposive sampling and snowball sampling), because random sampling is not possible with this population. Medical, social, support, and advocacy networks used by trans people were used to promote the study. A mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology was used. Validated quantitative instruments were used to obtain measures of health and well-being, which will be compared against population norms. Qualitative items complement these measures, providing rich experiential data. The investigators hypothesised that: the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders will be higher than for the population generally, and that these conditions will commonly be undiagnosed and untreated; depressive and anxiety disorders will be associated with risky behaviours, such as tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use; and, trans people will report poor relationships with medical practitioners. The investigators hypothesised that poor mental health is a consequence of several interrelated factors: body dysphoria (as a consequence of experiencing difficulty accessing medical treatment to alter sexual characteristics); societal discrimination and stigma (including harassment and violence); institutionalised discrimination (including difficulty changing identifying documents, and exclusion of surgical procedures and related treatments from public and private health systems); social isolation; and the belief held by many clinicians that transsexualism is a mental disorder (which may be a barrier to trans people forming trusting relationships with medical practitioners).

Official Title
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A Mixed-Methods Study of Mental Health and Associated Factors in Transgender and Transsexual (Trans) People

Conditions
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Transsexualism

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: questionnaire


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Live in Australia Self-identify as trans Exclusion Criteria: Aged less than 18 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Transgender and Transsexual People<br>Transgender and transsexual (trans) people aged 18 years or older living in Australia were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing a range of mental and physical health domains. | Other: questionnaire<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders | Assessed by self-report, and with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Perceived physical and mental health status | Assessed with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs | Assessed by self-report | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Patient-doctor relationship between trans people and their general practitioners, and doctors generally | Assessed with the Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ-9) and other quantitative and qualitative questions | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Body image | Assessed with the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Factors that encourage and discourage trans people from accessing health care | Assessed with qualitative questions | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Factors that protect and promote mental health in trans people | Assessed with qualitative questions | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Use of hormone therapy and desire for, and uptake of transition-related surgery | Assessed with quantitative and qualitative questions | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Experiences of discrimination and harassment | Assessed with quantitative and qualitative questions | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 
| Desire to, and success changing identifying documentation | Assessed with quantitative and qualitative questions | At time of entry into study (cross-sectional) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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trans, transsexual, transgender, sistergirl, brotherboy, androgynous, genderqueer