Dose-response Relationship of Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinaemia Using Diodes: is There a Saturation Point

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: Using light emitting diodes (LED's) during conventional phototherapy it is possible to reduce the distance from light source to infant, thereby increasing light irradiance. Objective: To examine the relation between light irradiance and the rate of decrease in total serum bilirubin concentration (TsB) and to see if the investigators can identify a saturation point, i.e. an irradiation level above which there is no further decrease in TsB. Design: Prospective randomised study. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Material and method: 151 infants with gestational age ≥ 33 weeks and uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia are randomised to one of 4 different distances from phototherapy device to mattress (20, 29, 38 and 47 cm). TsB is measured before and after 24 hours of phototherapy and irradiance every 8th hour. Main outcome measure is 24 hours decrease of TsB expressed in percent (∆ TsB0-24 (%)).

Official Title
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Dose-response Relationship of Phototherapy for Hyperbilirubinaemia Using Diodes: is There a Saturation Point?

Conditions
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Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Phototherapy with blue light


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Gestational age ≥ 33 weeks Uncomplicated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia Exclusion Criteria: < 33 weeks infants in incubators

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 33 Weeks

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Distance 20 cm<br>The infants were randomized by sealed and opaque envelopes to one of four phototherapy regimens. Either with distance from the phototherapy device to the mattress of 20, 29, 38 or 47 cm measured by a wood stick for each infant, corresponding to the distances to the infants of averagely 12, 21, 30 and 39 cm, respectively. | Other: Phototherapy with blue light<br>* The infants were placed in a bassinet with the phototherapy device placed above them. All infants were exposed naked (apart from eye pads and diaper) to continuously phototherapy for 24 hours, interrupted only for feeding and nursing for 30 minutes every three hours. TsB was determined before phototherapy and after 24 hours of treatment. The phototherapy apparatus used was neoBLUE LED phototherapy device (Natus Medical Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA) emitting blue light with an emission peak at 460 nm and a bandwidth of 450-470 nm. The irradiance was measured by use of the neoBLUE LED phototherapy radiometer (Natus Medical Inc.) every 8th hour at the infants head, trunk and knees and the average was calculated. The radiometer measures spectral irradiance in the range 420-500 nm with maximum sensitivity in the spectrum 440-480 nm.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Distance 29 cm<br> | Other: Phototherapy with blue light<br>* The infants were placed in a bassinet with the phototherapy device placed above them. All infants were exposed naked (apart from eye pads and diaper) to continuously phototherapy for 24 hours, interrupted only for feeding and nursing for 30 minutes every three hours. TsB was determined before phototherapy and after 24 hours of treatment. The phototherapy apparatus used was neoBLUE LED phototherapy device (Natus Medical Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA) emitting blue light with an emission peak at 460 nm and a bandwidth of 450-470 nm. The irradiance was measured by use of the neoBLUE LED phototherapy radiometer (Natus Medical Inc.) every 8th hour at the infants head, trunk and knees and the average was calculated. The radiometer measures spectral irradiance in the range 420-500 nm with maximum sensitivity in the spectrum 440-480 nm.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Distance 38 cm<br> | Other: Phototherapy with blue light<br>* The infants were placed in a bassinet with the phototherapy device placed above them. All infants were exposed naked (apart from eye pads and diaper) to continuously phototherapy for 24 hours, interrupted only for feeding and nursing for 30 minutes every three hours. TsB was determined before phototherapy and after 24 hours of treatment. The phototherapy apparatus used was neoBLUE LED phototherapy device (Natus Medical Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA) emitting blue light with an emission peak at 460 nm and a bandwidth of 450-470 nm. The irradiance was measured by use of the neoBLUE LED phototherapy radiometer (Natus Medical Inc.) every 8th hour at the infants head, trunk and knees and the average was calculated. The radiometer measures spectral irradiance in the range 420-500 nm with maximum sensitivity in the spectrum 440-480 nm.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Distance 47 cm<br> | Other: Phototherapy with blue light<br>* The infants were placed in a bassinet with the phototherapy device placed above them. All infants were exposed naked (apart from eye pads and diaper) to continuously phototherapy for 24 hours, interrupted only for feeding and nursing for 30 minutes every three hours. TsB was determined before phototherapy and after 24 hours of treatment. The phototherapy apparatus used was neoBLUE LED phototherapy device (Natus Medical Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA) emitting blue light with an emission peak at 460 nm and a bandwidth of 450-470 nm. The irradiance was measured by use of the neoBLUE LED phototherapy radiometer (Natus Medical Inc.) every 8th hour at the infants head, trunk and knees and the average was calculated. The radiometer measures spectral irradiance in the range 420-500 nm with maximum sensitivity in the spectrum 440-480 nm.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 24 hours decrease of TsB expressed in percent. | TsB was measured before and after 24 hours of phototherapy and irradiance every 8th hour. Main outcome was 24 hours decrease of TsB expressed in percent (∆ TsB0-24(%). | Baseline and 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Neonates, Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy, Light irradiance, Saturation point