Application of the 24-hour Recall Methodology Assisted by Digital Photographs for the Analysis of Dietary Intake

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
With this project, the investigators expect to standardize a reliable and optimized methodology based on a 24-hour recall tool assisted by digital photographs with a complete output of foods and nutritional information for the Colombian population.

Detailed Description
-----------------
After recruitment, participants (20) will receive a detailed explanation of the objectives and conditions of the study and will sign the informed consent. Dietary intake assessments will be conducted using 24-hour dietary recalls, assisted with digital photographs registry of the food and beverages consumed, and a brief description (the two 24 dietary recalls will be applied on different and non-consecutive days). Simultaneously, food weighing using a home kitchen scale and drink volume measurements will be used as a reference. For the analysis of nutritional information, the daily food intake extracted from food photologs will be entered into the automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24®). Macro- and micronutrient intake using the actual food weights recorded by the participants, will be estimated from the USDA FNDDS 2017-2018 database, and polyphenols composition from a phenol database. On the day of each 24-h dietary recall, participants will collect a 24-h urine sample to assess their protein, sodium, and potassium intake. Additionally, the day after each 24 dietary recall, participants will also provide blood samples to determine circulating levels of vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin K1, folate, zinc, copper, and beta-carotene; and fecal samples to identify vegetable species in feces.

Official Title
-----------------
Application of the 24-hour Recall Methodology Assisted by Digital Photographs and Homologation With Colombian Foods for the Analysis of Dietary Intake

Conditions
-----------------
Dietary Intake

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Men and women older than 18 years Who owns a smartphone. Autonomous in the use of a smartphone. With internet access. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects who do not photograph the food and/or do not record them. Subjects that do not accept the interview for the clarification of doubts related to the food after the photographic report. People who can not stay at home for at least the evaluation days to facilitate the weighing of food.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The extent of agreement between the 24-hour dietary recall assisted with digital photography and food weighing in energy and nutrient reporting. | The average of the two 24 hour periods within each method. Bland Altman analysis of energy and macronutrient (carbohydrates, fat, protein) intake. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The average protein intake (g/day) | Protein intake is estimated based on the concept that nitrogen-containing products of dietary protein plus nitrogenous products of endogenous protein breakdown are excreted as either urea or non-urea nitrogen. The urea nitrogen appearance (UNA) rate is measured as the amount of urea excreted in urine plus the net amount accumulated in body water. Protein intake is urine nitrogen excreted in grams/day + (weight in kilograms X 0.031g nitrogen/kg/day) multiplied by 6.25. These calculated values are very close to actual nitrogen or protein intake values. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average sodium intake (mg/day) | 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is the most accurate estimate of daily sodium intake and is not subject to recall bias. About 90% of the sodium consumed (from all sources) is excreted in the urine. Sodium intake (mg/day) is sodium in 24-h urine (adjusted for % of intake excreted in urine) multiplied by the total urine volume. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average potassium intake (mg/day) | 24-hour urinary potassium excretion is the most accurate estimate of daily intake and is not subject to recall bias. Therefore, potassium intake (mg/day) is potassium in 24-h urine (adjusted for % of intake excreted in urine) multiplied by the total urine volume. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average plasma vitamin C (mg/dL) | Humans, unlike most animals, are unable to synthesize vitamin C endogenously, so it is an essential dietary component. Plasma levels of this vitamin commonly measured by HPLC are considered as circulating values of the micronutrient and represent the recent intake. References values range 0.4-2.0 mg/dL | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average plasma vitamin B1 (nmol/L) | Levels of this vitamin measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in blood is a sensitive, specific, and precise method for determining the nutritional status of thiamine. Thiamine is obtained from the diet and body stores are limited. Circulating values of the micronutrient and represent the recent intake. References values range 70-180 nmol/L | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average plasma vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) (ng/mL) | The concentration of this vitamin measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in fasting serum is a strong indicator of dietary intake and status. Circulating values of the micronutrient and representing the recent intake. References values in adults > 18 years range: 0.10-2.20 ng/mL. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average serum folate (N-(5)-methyl tetrahydrofolate) (ug/L) | Approximately 20% of the folate absorbed daily is derived from dietary sources; the remainder is synthesized by intestinal microorganisms. The level of this vitamin is measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay and is a strong indicator of dietary intake. Normal or elevated circulating values of this micronutrient represent the recent intake. Reference values in adults are ≥ 4.0 ug/L. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average serum copper (ug/dL) | The concentration of this microelement is measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and is a strong indicator of dietary intake. Values of this micronutrient represent the recent intake. Reference values in adults range from 73-129 ug/dL in Males: and 77-206 ug/dL in females | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average serum zinc ug/dL | Zinc is obtained entirely from the diet; it is analyzed in serum by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and is a strong indicator of dietary intake. Values of this micronutrient represent the recent intake. Normal serum zinc levels range from 66 to 106 ug/dL in adults. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average beta-carotene (ug/dL) | Beta-carotene, a fat-soluble nutrient, is a precursor to vitamin A and is analyzed in serum spectrometry and is a reflection of the quantities of carotene (provitamin A) ingested and absorbed by the intestine. Values of this micronutrient represent the recent intake. Normal serum beta-carotene levels range 4-51 ug/dL in males: and 6-77 ug/dL in females. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average polyphenols intake (mg/GAE/day) | Polyphenols are an important class of phytochemicals related with health. They will be estimated from the 24 dietary recalls coupled with a food polyphenols database. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 
| The average abundance vegetable species in the stool | High-throughput sequencing technologies have provided an efficient approach for assessing plant diversity combining various bioinformatics pipelines to assign DNA sequences into species. | Through study completion, an avarege of 1 month | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Dietary intake, 24-hour recall, Biomarkers