Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in Sinus Surgery

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Postoperative analgesia after FESS can be achieved through opioids, NSAIDs, topical or infiltration of local anaesthetic and regional techniques like sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block, infraorbital nerve block and nasociliary block. As the current evidences regarding the benefit of SPG block after FESS is controversial, efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion block will be evaluated using bupivacaine or ropivacaine as local anaesthetic in adult patients undergoing FESS under general anaesthesia in this study.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive and safe technique for the treatment of sinonasal disease. Although it is a minimally invasive and less traumatic procedure, it is usually associated with pain of mild to moderate intensity which reaches its maximum level in the first few postoperative hours. However, even low-level postoperative pain may be associated with delayed functional recovery and it frequently contributes to dissatisfaction with the procedure delay in return to work and readmission after surgery. Postoperative analgesia after FESS can be achieved through opioids, NSAIDs, topical or infiltration of local anaesthetic and regional techniques like sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block, infraorbital nerve block and nasociliary block. As the sensory innervations of the SPG supplies the nasal turbinates, nasopharynx and palate, SPG block is expected to provide perioperative analgesia after FESS. Integration of regional anaesthesia with general anaesthesia technique can provide a better hemodynamic control, less perioperative opioid use, less bleeding and higher level of patients' satisfaction. Reduction in surgical bleeding in FESS can improve surgical field and also surgeons' satisfaction and a reduced opioid use may be translated into a less postoperative nausea & vomiting, rapid recovery and early hospital discharge. But, the current evidences regarding the benefit of SPG block after FESS is controversial. In this randomized controlled trial, efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion block will be evaluated using bupivacaine or ropivacaine as local anaesthetic in adult patients undergoing FESS under general anaesthesia.

Official Title
-----------------
Comparison Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
-----------------
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: Bupivacaine
* Drug: Ropivacaine
* Other: Normal Saline


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients aged 18-60 years scheduled to undergo elective functional endoscopic sinus surgery for sinonasal disease such as rhinosinusitis, polyps and deviated nasal septum were enrolled Exclusion Criteria: Severe cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, neurologic or metabolic disease or coagulopathy History of allergy to any of the medications being used in the study Previous surgery for sinonasal disease Pre-existing chronic pain not related to chronic rhinosinusitis Taking prescription pain medications or antidepressants Chronic alcohol or drug abuse Inability to comprehend the study protocol Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Group B (n=20)<br>Group B (n=20): The patients in this group were infiltrated with 3 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine. | Drug: Bupivacaine<br>* Post operative pain control<br>* Other names: Anawin;|
| Active Comparator: Group R (n=20):<br>Group R (n=20): The patients in this group were infiltrated with 3 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine. | Drug: Ropivacaine<br>* Post operative pain control<br>* Other names: Ropin;|
| Placebo Comparator: Group S (n=20, Control):<br>Group S (n=20, Control): The patients in this group were infiltrated with 3 mL of normal saline. | Other: Normal Saline<br>* Acts as comparator<br>* Other names: Saline;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Primary aim of the study was to assess the change in visual analogue scale comparing the effect of bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block with bupivacaine and ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after functional endoscopic sinus surgery |  | 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours thereafter. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time to first administration of rescue analgesia was recorded. |  | 8 hours | 
| Patient satisfaction score |  | 8 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
ropivacaine, bupivacaine