Associations of Plasma Vanadium Concentrations With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: Vanadium compounds have been shown to exert insulin-mimetic effects and thereby control glucose homeostasis. However, studies regarding the levels of vanadium and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited and have inconsistent outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of plasma vanadium concentrations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Design: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in urban Wuhan, China from August 2012 to April 2015. Pregnant women who screened for GDM at the outpatient clinics of the Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital were invited to participant in the study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≥ 20 and ≤ 43 years; 2) gestational age at GDM screening ≥ 24 weeks; 3) singleton pregnancy. The investigators excluded women who met any of the following items: history of diabetes (including but not limited to GDM), cardiovascular disease, cancer or other systemic diseases; pharmacologic treatment or dietary supplement use that might influence glucose or lipids metabolism; accompanied by other pregnancy complications; incomplete basic information. The diagnosis of GDM can be made if one or more glucose values are above the cut points of 5.1, 10.0 and 8.5 mmol/L at fasting, 1 and 2 h during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Controls were randomly selected and individually matched to cases by age (± 2 years), gestational age (± 2 weeks) and parity. Finally, 252 GDM cases and 252 matched controls were selected in this study. All participants gave written informed consent before enrolling in the study. Fasting blood samples (≥ 8 h overnight fasting) were collected using anticoagulant tubes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. Plasma were separated from blood cells and stored at -80 ℃ for further assay. Plasma vanadium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model were used to evaluate the associations between plasma vanadium and odds of GDM.

Conditions
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Gestational Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Plasma vanadium concentration


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥ 20 and ≤ 43 years; Gestational age at GDM screening ≥ 24 weeks; Singleton pregnancy; Exclusion Criteria: History of diabetes (including but not limited to GDM), cardiovascular disease, cancer or other systemic diseases; History of receiving pharmacological treatment known to affect glucose metabolism; Incomplete basic information.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 43 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus<br>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association criteria, which is based on the one-step approach recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. All women underwent a 75g OGTT in the morning after an overnight fast, with plasma glucose measurement fasting and at 1 and 2 hours. The criteria for GDM diagnosis was to have at least one abnormal value: Fasting glucose ≥ 5.1 mmol/L (92 mg/dL), 1 h glucose ≥ 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), 2 h glucose ≥ 8.5 mmol/L (153 mg/dL). | Other: Plasma vanadium concentration<br>* Plasma vanadium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Agilent 7700 Series, United States)<br>|
| Healthy pregnant women<br>Pregnant women with fasting glucose < 5.1 mmol/L (92 mg/dL), 1 h glucose < 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) and 2 h glucose < 8.5 mmol/L (153 mg/dL) were considered as healthy controls. Controls were randomly selected and individually matched to cases by age (± 2 years), gestational age (± 2 weeks) and parity. | Other: Plasma vanadium concentration<br>* Plasma vanadium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Agilent 7700 Series, United States)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | Glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy. The diagnosis of GDM can be made if one or more glucose values are above the cut points of 5.1, 10.0 and 8.5 mmol/L at fasting, 1 and 2 h during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. | From August 2012 to April 2015 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Vanadium, Gestational diabetes mellitus