The Use of Mentoring to Promote Well-being for Female SMART Members

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Women are highly underrepresented in the construction skilled trades. In addition to facing the industry's well-known physical risks, women are subjected to discrimination, harassment, and skills under-utilization. As a result, tradeswomen have increased risk for injury, stress-related health effects, and high attrition rates from apprenticeship programs, thus perpetuating their minority status. Mentoring is a well-established technique for learning technical and personal navigation skills in new or challenging social environments. The investigators propose development and dissemination of a mentorship program through local unions of the International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers (SMART), and evaluating its success in reducing women's injury and work stress, while improving retention.

Detailed Description
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Journey-level workers will be trained on effective mentoring techniques, and matched to approximately 100 women apprentices within participating local unions. Mentees will be followed for two years within the mentorship program, with another 100 women apprentices in locals not receiving the mentorship training similarly followed as controls. The impact of participation in mentoring programs will be measured through apprentices' experience of stress, coping mechanisms, safety climate, and retention in the apprenticeship programs. Specifically, the investigators propose to: Aim 1: Develop a mentorship training program for journey-level sheet metal workers to assist women apprentices in navigating the challenges faced by women in trades Aim 2: Disseminate the training and assist locals in developing effective mentorship programs Aim 3: Evaluate the effectiveness of the mentoring programs specified in Aims 1 and 2 Aim 4: Disseminate the best practices for supporting women apprentices in the skilled trades.

Official Title
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Advancing Women in the Sheet Metal Workers' Trade: A Coordinated Mentoring Program to Promote Safety, Health, and Well-being

Conditions
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Harassment, Non-Sexual, Harassment, Sexual, Bullying, Workplace, Mental Stress, Work-Related Condition, Work-related Injury, Work Related Stress

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Mentoring program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All mentors must be journey-level sheet metal workers that are members of the SMART (International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail, and Transportation Workers) Union. All mentees and control apprentices must be apprentice-level sheet metal workers that are members of the SMART Union, and identify as woman. Exclusion Criteria: No exclusions will be made on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, age, disability or religion for mentors, mentees, and control apprentices. No exclusions will be made on the basis of gender for mentors. For mentees and control apprentices, those that do not identify as a woman will be excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Mentees<br>This arm consists of apprentice-level, female-identifying construction workers who will receive active mentorship (the intervention) for two years from trained journey-level mentors. | Behavioral: Mentoring program<br>* Apprentice-level female construction workers will be assigned to a mentor who has gone through a rigorous mentorship training. Participants will be asked to meet with a mentor at least 4 times/year in person to discuss the challenges of being a female in construction, learn coping mechanisms, and otherwise discuss the unique challenges of the job environment.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Apprentices<br>This arm consists of apprentice-level, female-identifying construction workers who will not receive mentorship. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stress | Measures of feelings of stress among the female workers from validated questionnaire | 4 year period | 
| Job satisfaction | Measures of job satisfaction from validated questionnaire | 4 year period | 
| Social support | Measures of social support both in and out of work from validated questionnaire | 4 year period | 
| Work-related risks | Knowledge, awareness, and coping mechanisms for work-related risks from validated questionnaire | 4 year period | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Retention in the trades | Measure of the number of women who remain in the trades | 4 year period |