Biomarkers of Food Intake Using a Cross-over Feeding Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Assessment of dietary intake is key for understanding the links between diet and health. Here, researchers will study molecules in urine samples to give them an insight into what people have eaten. These new molecules are called dietary biomarkers. This study will help to identify new molecules that can act as biomarkers of commonly consumed foods. These can then be used in the assessment of diet, identification of diet-related diseases and used how to explain how a dietary intervention (programme) will work, thereby adding to scientific knowledge.

Detailed Description
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For biomarker discovery a cross-over study where participants will visit the Human Intervention Centre (in UCD) on 3 occasions (3 study days) with a minimum one week between each visit. The order of consumption of the test foods will be randomized. The test foods are mixed vegetables (spinach and lettuce), green beans and mixed berried (strawberries and blueberries). For each study day, the participants will arrive fasting and provide a urine sample (0h sample). For 24h prior to the study day participants will avoid the test foods. Participants will consume the food and urine samples will be taken at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post consumption . Standard portions of the test food will be eaten on each occasion. Between the visits, participants will consume their habitual diet. The samples will be analysed using the metabolomics platforms LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Both NMR and LC-MS data generated will undergo statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised analysis such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Validation of such models will be performed using permutation testing.

Official Title
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Identification of New Dietary Biomarkers Using a Cross-over Feeding Study Among 25 Individuals in University College Dublin

Conditions
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Diet Habit

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy adults aged 18-50 years old BMI<30. Exclusion Criteria: Smokers Diagnosed health condition (chronic or infectious disease) Taking medication (oral contraceptive pill is allowed) Pregnant, lactating Allergies/intolerances to any of specified test foods

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Each participant is asked to eat a test food (mixed vegetables (spinach and lettuce), green beans and mixed berries (strawberries and blueberries). They are asked for urine samples for up to 6 hours after eating each food. They are also asked for a urine sample one day after eating the foods. The samples are then analysed for dietary biomarkers.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Fruit and Vegetable biomarkers<br>Each participant will consume the test foods over different weeks | Other: Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake<br>* Cross-over study where participants will visit the Human Intervention Centre (in UCD) on 3 occasions (3 study days) with a minimum one week between each visit. The order of consumption of the test foods will be randomized. The test foods are mixed vegetables (spinach and lettuce), green beans and mixed berried (strawberries and blueberries). The following definition of portion sizes will be used; green beans (120g), lettuce (20g), spinach (90g), strawberries (96g) and blueberries (75g). For each study day, the participants will arrive fasting and provide a urine sample (0h sample). For 24h prior to the study day participants will avoid the test foods. Participants will consume the food and urine samples will be taken at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post consumption.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Urinary biomarker changes following consumption of specific foods will be measured using metabolomic approaches in post consumption samples. | A number of biomarkers will be identified for the test foods. These biomarkers will be measured using LC/MS and NMR spectroscopy and will be reported in relative units. An untargeted approach will be applied to measure the biomarkers, of which hundreds will be measured. These biomarkers will be from different classes of compounds such as amino acids, fatty acids, lipids and carbohydrates for example. Note: A list of biomarkers has not been added as the investigators are using an untargeted metabolomics approach, which will be used to identify biomarkers from different compound classes. | 2, 4 and 6 hours post consumption of the test food. Urine samples are taken postprandially to determine how the biomarkers behave post consumption, which is standard practice in dietary biomaker identification studies. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Metabolomics, dietary biomarkers, personalized nutrition