Neural Correlates of Language Control in Bilinguals. Functional MRI and Stimulation Mapping Data in Awake Surgery.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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For bilingual and multilingual patients, brain activation and Electric Stimulation Mapping studies have shown that different languages may be localized, at least partially, in distinct microanatomical systems located within the same gross anatomical areas. The present investigation involves both types of healthy bilinguals with carefully controlled proficiency levels, as well as bilingual patients suffering from low-grade glioma. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data will be collected while the participants perform a picture naming task in blocked conditions for both languages (either English or French) or in switch condition (English and French). A stimulation mapping study will be conducted in the patients during awake surgery with the same tasks.

Official Title
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Neural Correlates of Language Control in Bilinguals. Functional MRI and Stimulation Mapping Data in Awake Surgery. (NEUROSWITCH)

Conditions
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Bilingualism

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: functional magnetic resonance imaging


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients: Bilingual patients with a pathology indicating an intervention in awake surgery (e.g. low-grade glioma) At least C1-level of the CECR in both languages At least 12 years of schooling (French BAC) Right-handed (Edinburgh test, 1971) Performance indicator Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-2 (cf. annexe) Life expectation > 6 month Affiliated to social insurance Having given informed consent Healthy volunteers: French-English or English-French bilinguals with at least a C1 level (CECR) in both languages At least 12 years of schooling (French BAC) Right-handed (Edinburgh test, 1971) Early bilinguals: age of acquisition of both languages < 3 years Late bilinguals: age of acquisition of the L2 > 10 years Exclusion Criteria: Patients: Contra-indication for MRI Left-handed or ambidexter (less than +80 at the Edinburgh test - 1971) Mini-Mental State Examination <26 Patient who cannot respect the procedures, visits, exams described in the protocol Any other medical or psychiatric affection which renders inclusion of the patient to the study inappropriate as judged by the principal investigator Healthy volunteers: Contra-indication for MRI Mini-Mental State Examination < 26 Age of acquisition of one of the language between 3 and 10 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: healthy early bilinguals<br>healthy early bilinguals functional magnetic resonance imaging | Device: functional magnetic resonance imaging<br>* Stimuli will be presented in 3 language conditions, French, English and switch in which the participant alternates between English and French every trial. A block design will be used, with 7 line drawings per language condition. Four 9-minute runs will be performed, there being 2 action runs and 2 object runs. In each run, there are 6 blocks of each language condition, presented in a fixed random order. No drawings are repeated. Each stimulus is preceded either by an English or a French prompt word (to or faire for actions and, say or dire for objects) for 450 msec; stimuli are presented for 1.5 seconds and followed by a blank screen for 1 second. Language blocks are separated by a variable duration (from 8 to 10 seconds).<br>|
| Experimental: healthy late bilinguals<br>healthy late bilinguals functional magnetic resonance imaging | Device: functional magnetic resonance imaging<br>* Stimuli will be presented in 3 language conditions, French, English and switch in which the participant alternates between English and French every trial. A block design will be used, with 7 line drawings per language condition. Four 9-minute runs will be performed, there being 2 action runs and 2 object runs. In each run, there are 6 blocks of each language condition, presented in a fixed random order. No drawings are repeated. Each stimulus is preceded either by an English or a French prompt word (to or faire for actions and, say or dire for objects) for 450 msec; stimuli are presented for 1.5 seconds and followed by a blank screen for 1 second. Language blocks are separated by a variable duration (from 8 to 10 seconds).<br>|
| Experimental: bilingual patients<br>bilingual patients suffering from low-grade glioma in the language areas functional magnetic resonance imaging | Device: functional magnetic resonance imaging<br>* Stimuli will be presented in 3 language conditions, French, English and switch in which the participant alternates between English and French every trial. A block design will be used, with 7 line drawings per language condition. Four 9-minute runs will be performed, there being 2 action runs and 2 object runs. In each run, there are 6 blocks of each language condition, presented in a fixed random order. No drawings are repeated. Each stimulus is preceded either by an English or a French prompt word (to or faire for actions and, say or dire for objects) for 450 msec; stimuli are presented for 1.5 seconds and followed by a blank screen for 1 second. Language blocks are separated by a variable duration (from 8 to 10 seconds).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brain activity | The primary judgment criteria is brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging : In blocked vs. switched naming in control subjects In switched naming in early vs. late bilingual subjects In blocked vs. switched naming in early vs. late bilingual subjects | 24 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brain activity | The secondary judgment criteria is brain activity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging : In blocked vs. switched naming in the patients In French vs. English and English vs. French naming in the late bilinguals In French vs. English and English vs. French naming in the early bilinguals In French vs. LX and LX vs. French naming in the patients. | 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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bilinguals, language control, executive functions, functional MRI, stimulation mapping, brain tumors