Oral Ulcer Prevalence: Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Oral Ulcers have serious effect on patients' lives. Due to absence of any information about its prevalence, risk factors and effect on patients' lives, this study has been held. The investigators recruited patients from the outpatient dental clinic of the faculty of oral and dental medicine, Cairo University, screened them clinically for oral ulcers. All patients filled questionnaires about the risk factors of oral ulcers. Furthermore, oral ulcer patients filled questionnaires about their Quality of life, previous treatments used, previous physicians visited and their Quality of life after using previous treatments.

Detailed Description
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Oral ulcers form a category of oral lesions that is frequently encountered by the dentist. It influences the patients' lives greatly. In a first step to reducing the disease burdens on patients, basic data about the disease distribution and possible risk factors should be gathered through epidemiological studies. This cross-sectional study consisted of a convenience sample of 605 dental patients recruited in the time from August to October 2015. The study was held in the outpatient oral diagnosis clinic, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; which is an open public facility, a tertiary healthcare and a referral center. For each participant, the study details were explained and the consent was received. Then, medical history was taken, comprehensive oral examination was done, history of any detected oral ulcer was investigated. The questionnaire was filled through a face-to-face interview. Comprehensive oral examination was held on a dental unit using the light of the unit, mirror and probe. After full examination and questionnaire filling, the oral ulcer patients were educated about their oral problem and their ulcers were managed. If the patient's condition needed further investigations or management, referral was done to the appropriate department of the faculty. The Questionnaire included a section for demographic information of age, sex, social and educational levels of the patient. It also included questions about medical condition, habits of trauma, smoking and its frequency. After examination, if an ulcer was detected, a part of the questionnaire was filled describing the ulcer: site, size, number, shape, distribution, depth, edges, floor, margins, induration and regional lymph node status. Also, the (OHIP-14) questionnaire was filled to assess the effect of the ulcer on the patient's quality of life. The questionnaire included questions about previous treatments used by the patients, the patients' assessment of their effect and the source of the patients' information about these therapies. The patients was also asked about their previous experiences with dentists or physicians seeked to treat these ulcers.

Official Title
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Oral Ulcer Prevalence of and Quality of Life: a Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study

Conditions
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Oral Ulcer

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects whose age was above 15 years old. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects having problem in opening their mouth (due to non-oral ulcer cause) or undergoing intermaxillary fixation where oral examination was not possible.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 15 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| dental patients<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| prevalence of Oral Ulcers | number of patients having oral ulcers | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oral health related-quality of life (OHR-QoL). | Quality of life of patients having oral ulcers | 3 months | 
| The effect of previous treatment | measured by: OHIP-14 at the end of treatment and the time interval of ulcer-free period after stoppage of treatment. | 3 months | 
| Types of non-conventional treatments used | reported together with its side effects as nominal outcomes. | 3 months | 
| Number of dentists or physicians visited before | Also the specialties of these physicians reported | 3 months |