The Effect of Smoking and Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cyclophilin A and EMMPRIN Levels

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking and non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid CyPA and EMMPRIN levels in patients with periodontitis. Twenty-eight patients with periodontitis (14 non-smoker and 14 smoker) and 30 control subjects (15 non-smoker and 15 smoker) were included into the study. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was applied to all periodontitis patients. Periodontal parameters and GCF CyPA and EMMPRIN levels were evaluated during 3 months following non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF CyPA and EMMPRIN levels were analyzed by ELISA.

Official Title
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The Effect of Smoking and Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cyclophilin A and EMMPRIN Levels

Conditions
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Smoking, Periodontitis, Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: non-surgical periodontal treatment


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: generalized periodontitis with stage III-IV & Grade B no systemic and periodontal diseases smokers (minimum 10 cigarettes per day for at least ten years) non-smokers (never smoked) Exclusion Criteria: Systemic diseases Infectious diseases Pregnancy or lactating Having periodontal treatment during the last 6 months Having antibiotic treatment within the past 3 months Former smokers

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 29 Years
Maximum Age: 61 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: smoker<br> | Procedure: non-surgical periodontal treatment<br>* Non-surgical periodontal treatment program was as following: First, motivation and oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants with periodontitis. The modified-Bass tooth brushing technique with a given dentifrice and toothbrush twice a day, and dental flossing/ interdental brushing once a day was advised to all patients with periodontitis. Second, scaling using an ultrasonic device and root planning by hand instruments under local anesthesia was performed.<br>|
| Active Comparator: non-smoker<br> | Procedure: non-surgical periodontal treatment<br>* Non-surgical periodontal treatment program was as following: First, motivation and oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants with periodontitis. The modified-Bass tooth brushing technique with a given dentifrice and toothbrush twice a day, and dental flossing/ interdental brushing once a day was advised to all patients with periodontitis. Second, scaling using an ultrasonic device and root planning by hand instruments under local anesthesia was performed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in gingival crevicular fluid CypA total amounts | GCF CyPA levels were analyzed by ELISA | Baseline, 1 week, 1., 3. months | 
| Change in gingival crevicular fluid EMMPRIN total amounts | GCF EMMPRIN levels were analyzed by ELISA | Baseline, 1 week, 1., 3. months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in probing depth | Probing depth was measured with Williams periodontal probe. | Baseline, 1., 3. months | 
| Change in bleeding on probing | Bleeding on probing was evaluated the presence or absense following bleeding upon probing. | Baseline, 1., 3. months |