Optimal Dose of Intravenous Oxycodone for Endotracheal Intubation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Intravenous form of oxycodone is recently used for the adjunct of anesthetic agents to avoid adverse effects of the stimulation of endotracheal intubation. The potency ratio of oxycodone to fentanyl is not absolutely defined. The aim of this study was to assess the optimal dose of intravenous oxycodone for attenuation of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted. Ninety one patients were randomly divided into 5 group based on the dose of oxycodone; 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 mg/kg. After giving each assigned dose of intravenous oxycodone, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and rocuronium. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) was collected at baseline, before intubation, 1, 2, 3 minutes after intubation. The change of BP was calculated by (highest BP after intubation - baseline BP)/baseline BP.

Detailed Description
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Endotracheal intubation is almost always associated with increase of catecholamine and arterial blood pressure. To prevent the responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, adjuvant use of opioid to sedative drugs during anesthetic induction phase are common. Intravenous form of oxycodone is recently used for the adjunct of anesthetic agents to avoid adverse effects of the stimulation of endotracheal intubation. However, The potency ratio of oxycodone to fentanyl is not absolutely defined. Therefore, the investigators aimed to assess the optimal dose of intravenous oxycodone for attenuation of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. The patients were randomly divided into five different groups based on the dose of oxycodone; 0. 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 mg/kg. The drug was prepared by a person who is not participating the anesthetic management and surgery of the patient. In five groups, the drug was mixed with normal saline which makes the total drug volume to be 10 ml. After monitoring was started including ECG, noninvasive blood pressure, and pulse oximetry, the anesthesiologist who has no information about the drug give the drug when starting induction of anesthesia. Thiopental 4-5 mg/kg and rocuronium 0.6-0.9 mg/kg was given subsequently. Manual ventilation was done with sevoflurane 3-5 volume% for 2-3 minutes and tracheal intubation was done. Maintenance of anesthesia was done with 50% O2 with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. Mechanical ventilation was done with tidal volume 10 ml/kg and respiratory rate 12 /min. The baseline hemodynamic data including heart rate and blood pressure was recorded and those before intubation, 1,2,3 minutes after intubation were obtained. The discrepancies between the highest and baseline, the lowest blood pressure and heart rate and baseline were used to make out the proportion of hemodynamic changes. This proportion of the hemodynamic changes were compared in five groups. In addition, the use of vasopressor was also recorded and the frequency and the cumulative dose was compared among the groups.

Official Title
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Optimal Dose of Intravenous Oxycodone for Attenuation of Hemodynamic

Conditions
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Intubation Complication, Blood Pressure

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: saline
* Drug: 0.05 mg/kg of oxycodone
* Drug: 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone
* Drug: 0.15 mg/kg of oxycodone
* Drug: 0.2 mg/kg of oxycodone


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 1 Exclusion Criteria: ASA class over 2 expected difficult intubation intubation time over 30 seconds intubation trial was more than once

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: 0 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>Intervention: patients receive 10 ml of normal saline without oxycodone through intravenous route before intubation. | Drug: saline<br>* different dosage of IV oxycodone was given before intubation<br>|
| Other: 0.05 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>Intervention: patients receive 10 ml of fluid with 0.05 mg/kg of oxycodone in normal saline through intravenous route before intubation. | Drug: 0.05 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>* different dosage of IV oxycodone was given before intubation<br>* Other names: OxyNorm;|
| Other: 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>Intervention: patients receive 10 ml of fluid with 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone in normal saline through intravenous route before intubation. | Drug: 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>* different dosage of IV oxycodone was given before intubation<br>* Other names: OxyNorm;|
| Other: 0.15 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>Intervention: patients receive 10 ml of fluid with 0.15 mg/kg of oxycodone in normal saline through intravenous route before intubation. | Drug: 0.15 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>* different dosage of IV oxycodone was given before intubation<br>* Other names: OxyNorm;|
| Other: 0.2 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>Intervention: patients receive 10 ml of fluid with 0.2 mg/kg of oxycodone in normal saline through intravenous route before intubation. | Drug: 0.2 mg/kg of oxycodone<br>* different dosage of IV oxycodone was given before intubation<br>* Other names: OxyNorm;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| blood pressure changes before and after endotracheal intubation | highest blood pressure and baseline blood pressure | from entrance to operating room to intubation time; up to 30 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| total dose of vasopressor; dose x frequency |  | during the induction phase of anesthesia before surgical incision up to 30 minutes | 
| heart rate changes before and after endotracheal intubation | highest heart rate and baseline heart rate | from entrance to operating room to intubation time; up to 30 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dosage of oxycodone during intubation