The Effect of Cartoon Watching During Central Venous Catheter Dressing Changes in Children With Cancer

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Many medical interventions, including dressing change of central venous catheters, can cause anxiety and pain in children with cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cartoon watching technique on anxiety and pain during central venous catheter dressing changes in children with cancer.

Detailed Description
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This was a parallel randomized controlled trial with 80 children with cancer. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups, including 40 children in the control group and 40 children in the cartoon group. Each child's anxiety was evaluated by the child using the Children's Fear Scale before, during and after central venous catheter dressing changes, and each child's pain during and after the procedure was evaluated by the child using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Each child's heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured with a pulse oximeter device before, during and after the procedure. The children in the cartoon group started watching a cartoon of their choice 2 minutes before the procedure and they kept watching until the procedure was ended. No intervention was performed to reduce anxiety and pain for children in the control group. Parent was with their children during the procedure in both groups.

Official Title
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The Effect of Cartoon Watching on Anxiety and Pain During Central Venous Catheter Dressing Changes in Children With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Pain, Anxiety

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Watching Cartoon


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 5-12 years old a cancer diagnosis having a central venous catheter not having taken any analgesics in the 6 hours before the procedure not having any visual or auditory problems that prevent watching cartoons being suitable motor development and cognitive level for watching cartoons being a child and parent volunteering to participate in the study the absence of any health problems that prevent communication in the parent and the child Exclusion Criteria: the reporting of pain for another reason at the time of the central venous catheter dressing changes being of neutropenia being in a terminal phase of the disease

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Cartoon Group<br>Children in the cartoon group before the procedure, they chose one of the cartoons predetermined by the researchers. The children in the cartoon group started watching a cartoon of their choice 2 minutes before the procedure and they kept watching until the procedure was ended. Parent was with their children during the procedure in both groups. | Behavioral: Watching Cartoon<br>* Children in the cartoon group before the procedure, they chose one of the cartoons predetermined by the researchers. The children in the cartoon group started watching a cartoon of their choice 2 minutes before the procedure and they kept watching until the procedure was ended.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control Group<br>No intervention was performed to reduce anxiety and pain for children in the control group. Parent was with their children during the procedure in both groups. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale | Each child's pain during and after the procedure was evaluated with the Wong Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale by the child. The scale consists of faces ranging from no hurt (0) to hurts worst (10) | 4 MONTHS | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Children's Fear Scale | Each child's anxiety was evaluated with the Children's Fear Scale before, during and after the procedure by the child. It consists of five facial expressions representing a range from no anxiety (0) to severe anxiety (4). | 4 MONTHS | 
| Heart Rate | The heart rate and oxygen saturation values of the children in both groups were measured and recorded by the researcher before the procedure, during the procedure and after the procedure using a pulse oximeter device. | 4 MONTHS | 
| Oxygen Saturation | The heart rate and oxygen saturation values of the children in both groups were measured and recorded by the researcher before the procedure, during the procedure and after the procedure using a pulse oximeter device. | 4 MONTHS | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Anxiety, Cancer, Cartoon, Central Venous Catheter, Child, Pain