Effect of Acute Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a single session of aerobic plus resistance exercises on the vascular function of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The investigators hypothesize that a single aerobic exercise session would promote greater benefit in vascular function of patients with type 1 diabetes, as compared with the resistive exercise session.

Detailed Description
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The aim of this study is to compare the effect of endurance and resistance exercises on endothelial function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). For this purpose, the sample size will consist of 15 patients with DM1, aged between 18 and 45 years, which will undertake the two types of exercises, randomly distributed. Ergospirometry testing will be performed in order to assess possible contraindications to the proposed protocol as well as functional capacity, which will be used in prescription of the endurance exercise session. Similarly, a strength maximal testing will be conducted and used in the prescription of the resistance exercise session. The endothelial function will be evaluated by vascular reactivity of the forearm and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) counting. To analyze the vascular reactivity of the forearm, non-invasive venous occlusion plethysmography will be used, whereas flow cytometry method will be used to the analysis of the number of circulating EPC. The endurance exercise session will consist of 40 minutes of cycling on heart rate corresponding to 60% of VO2 max. The resistance exercise session will last 40 minutes, consisting of 4 sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of 1RM, in four exercises for lower limbs. The research will be performed at the Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. The investigators expect to find greater increase in the number of circulating EPC after the endurance exercise session, when compared to the benefits obtained from a session of resistance exercise. Likewise, it is expected to find greater benefits in relation to vascular reactivity of the forearm after a session of endurance exercise when compared to a session of resistance exercise. Considering that most part of the studies that analyze the effects of physical exercise on vascular function does not involve patients with DM1, this project aims to provide a clearer picture of the benefits of different exercises in the acute response of endothelial function in these patients.

Official Title
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Acute Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Conditions
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Resistance exercise session
* Behavioral: Aerobic exercise session


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Type 1 diabetes Male gender 18-45 years old Exclusion Criteria: Severe autonomic neuropathy Diabetic nephropathy established Chronic kidney failure Limb amputation Disabling peripheral arterial disease Coronary artery disease Heart failure Diabetic proliferative retinopathy Neoplasms Smokers Regular physical training

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Patients with type 1 diabetes<br>Patients with type 1 diabetes | Behavioral: Resistance exercise session<br>* Resistance exercise session consisting of 4 lower-limb exercises, with 4 sets, 12 repetitions per set, at an intensity of 60% of maximal strength.<br>Behavioral: Aerobic exercise session<br>* Aerobic exercise session consisting of 40 minutes of lower-limb bicycle.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Circulating endothelial progenitor cells | A 20-ml sodium heparin tube will be used and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) will be isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque. Blood samples will be diluted with PBS and layered onto Ficoll-Hypaque in 15-ml tubes. Tubes will be centrifuged at 400 g for 30 min and the PBMC at the interface will be collected. Cells will be washed with RPMI 1640 medium and thereafter stained with 5 µl of anti-CD45-FITC , 8 µl of anti-KDR-Alexa Fluor 647, and 5 µl of anti-CD34-PE (all essays from BD, Biosciences, USA). Thereafter, 50 µl of resuspended cells will be incubated (30 min), and subsequently, 500 µl of PBS will be added for acquisition. A FACS Calibur flow cytometer will be used with Quest software (BD Biosciences, USA) equipped with 22 mW argon laser tuned at 488 nm, with a total number counted cells of 200,000 on mononuclear cells gate per sample. Percentage of CD34 positive cells will be calculated based on the number of leukocytes . | 10 minutes before the exercise session and 10 minutes after the exercise session. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forearm vascular reactivity | Forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia: Forearm blood flow will be measured by venous occlusion plethysmography (D.E Hokanson, USA) at the nondominant forearm. A rapid inflator cuff will be used in the upper arm to occlude venous outflow (50-60 mmHg), and three blood flow recordings will be made each minute during 3 minutes. Thereafter, reactive hyperemia will be measure using an occlusion at 250 mmHg for 5 min, which will be released by 10 seconds intervals for 2 minutes. Reactive hyperemia will be calculated using the peak blood flow after the 5 minutes the occlusion. | 10 minutes before the exercise session and 10 minutes after the exercise session. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Endothelial progenitor cell, Endothelial function, Exercise