Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam (IMI/REL) in Treatment of CRE Infections

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is an observation study comparing prospective use of Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam (IMI/REL) to retrospective data using Meropenem/Vabobactam (MVB)and Ceftazidime/Avibactam CZA) in treatment of Klebsiella Producing Carbapenemase Enterobacteriaceae infections at a tertiary care hospital. The objectives of the study are to demonstrate successful treatment of KPC containing Enterobacteriaceae infections with IMI/REL including in bacteremia, and to analyze treatment outcomes in use of IMI/REL for KPC-producing infections compared to historical clinical outcome data with CZA and MVB use at the same institution.

Official Title
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A Study Comparing Prospective Use of Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam (IMI/REL) to Retrospective Data Using Meropenem/ Vabobactam (MVB) and Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CZA) in Treatment of Klebsiella Producing Carbapenemase Enterobacteriaceae Infections

Conditions
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KPC, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infection, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Antibiotic Resistant Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Imipenem+Relebactam


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adult (>18 years of age) patients with a KPC-producing CRE infection at any site except for isolated urinary source. Patients may be initially enrolled once identified with a CRE infection defined as resistance to any carbapenem. Any carbapenem resistance will provide an initial mechanism of identifying study eligible patients in accordance with our institutions definition of CRE for infection prevention purposes. As this study is specific for KPC-producing CRE inclusion in the study analysis will require confirmation of a KPC gene by molecular analysis of the isolate and subjects enrolled may be subsequently removed from study and excluded from analysis if molecular testing reveals their CRE isolate to be a non-KPC mechanism of resistance. Polymicrobial infections at same or different sites can also be included as long as additional gram-negative active agents aside from IMI/REL are not needed for treatment. Bacterial infection with Enterobacteriaceae excluding Morganellaceae Ability and willingness to give informed consent. A Legal authorized representative may be used when the patient is unable to provide informed consent. Be the first episode of a CRE infection to be treated with IMI/REL. Previously treatment with IMI/REL for a KPC-containing Enterobacteriaceae infection will exclude patients from enrollment. Exclusion Criteria: Receipt of more than 48 hours of effective antibiotic therapy against KPC containing infections (e.g. MVB, CZA) prior to first dose of IMI/REL being administered. Infections localized to urinary source alone (bloodstream infections from urinary source will be included) Infection with Morganellaceae Prior serious allergic reaction to carbapenem therapy Need for ongoing concomitant therapy with ganciclovir or valproic acid Need for ongoing concomitant therapy with another antibiotic active against gram negative pathogens. Concomitant therapy with Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Clindamycin, Fidaxomicin, Nafcillin, Metronidazole, and Rifaximin will be allowed but no other antibiotic agents. Pregnancy or ongoing breastfeeding. Women of childbearing age must test negative on a urine pregnancy test at time of screening for trial eligibility and remain either abstinent or use 2 forms of highly effective contraception for the duration of the IMI/REL administration during the study. Inability to comply with study protocol or remain hospitalized for duration of study. Life expectancy less than 72 hours in opinion of study investigators.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A study of outcomes with use of an antibiotic, IMI/REL which can be compared with retrospective data of CRE-containing infections treated with MVB and CZA.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Observation Treatment Group<br>All patients observed while treated with IMI/REL. | Drug: Imipenem+Relebactam<br>* Antibiotic treatment for KPC producing CRE-containing gram-negative infections<br>* Other names: Recarbrio;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical success | Clinical success defined as survival at 30 days, resolution of signs and symptoms of infection, sterilization of blood cultures within 7 days of treatment initiation in patients with bacteremia, and absence of recurrent infections. | 30 days | 
| Clinical success by site of infection | Clinical success in patients grouped by site of infection: bacteremia, respiratory, intra-abdominal infection, soft tissue, catheter associated and urinary tract. Subjects may be included in multiple groups if applicable for analysis. | 30 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mortality | Survival at 30 days | 30 days | 
| 90 day Mortality | Survival at 90 days | 90 days | 
| Adverse effects | Incidence of nephrotoxicity, leukopenia, rash, hepatotoxicity, and seizure in treatment group | 90 days | 
| Total Length of hospital stays | Days of hospitalization for CRE infection | 90 days | 
| Recurrence of infection | Recurrence of CRE-containing infection within 90 days | 90 days | 
| Development of resistance | If recurrent CRE infection develops following index infection treated with IMI/REL, then incidence of IMI/REL resistance in subsequent bacterial cultures | 90 days |