A Research Study to Compare a New Weekly Insulin, Insulin Icodec, and an Available Daily Insulin, Insulin Degludec, Both in Combination With Mealtime Insulin in People With Type 1 Diabetes (ONWARDS 6)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study compares insulin icodec (a new insulin) to insulin degludec (an insulin already available on the market) in people with type 1 diabetes. The study will look at how well insulin icodec taken weekly controls blood sugar compared to insulin degludec taken daily. Participants will either get insulin icodec that participants will have to inject once a week on the same day of the week, or insulin degludec that participants will have to inject once a day at the same time every day. Which treatment participants get is decided at random. Participants will also get a mealtime insulin. The insulin is injected with a needle in a skin fold in the thigh, upper arm or stomach. The study will last for about 1 year and 2 months. Participants will have 28 clinic visits and 28 phone calls with the study doctor. At 11 clinic visits participants will have blood samples taken. At 6 clinic visits participants cannot eat or drink (except for water) for 8 hours before the visit. Participants will be asked to wear a sensor that measures your blood sugar all the time. Participants will be asked to wear it for a total of 57 weeks (around 1 year). Women cannot take part if pregnant, breast-feeding or plan to become pregnant during the study period.

Official Title
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Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly Insulin Icodec Compared to Once Daily Insulin Degludec 100 Units/mL, Both in Combination With Insulin Aspart, in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. A 26-week, Randomised, Multicentre, Open-label, Active-controlled, Parallel Group, Two Armed, Treat-to-target Trial Investigating the Effect on Glycaemic Control and Safety of Treatment With Once Weekly Insulin Icodec Compared to Once Daily Insulin Degludec, Both in Combination With Insulin Aspart in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes, With a 26-week Extension Investigating Long Term Safety

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: insulin icodec
* Drug: insulin degludec
* Drug: insulin aspart


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male or female aged greater than or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent. Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus greater than or equal to 1 year prior to the day of screening. Treated with multiple daily insulin injections (basal and bolus insulin analogue regimes) greater than or equal to 1 year prior to the day of screening. HbA1c below10% at screening visit based on analysis from central laboratory. Exclusion Criteria: Myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris or transient ischaemic attack within 180 days prior to the day of screening. Chronic heart failure classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV at screening. Anticipated initiation or change in concomitant medications (for more than 14 consecutive days) known to affect weight or glucose metabolism (e.g. treatment with orlistat, thyroid hormones, or corticosteroids). Uncontrolled and potentially unstable diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Verified by a fundus examination performed within the past 90 days prior to screening or in the period between screening and randomisation. Pharmacological pupil-dilation is a requirement unless using a digital fundus photography camera specified for non-dilated examination.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Insulin icodec + insulin aspart<br>insulin icodec once a week in combination with 2-4 times daily injections of insulin aspart at meal times. | Drug: insulin icodec<br>* insulin icodec 700 units/mL, subcutaneously (under the skin), solution for injection once weekly<br>Drug: insulin aspart<br>* insulin aspart 100 units/mL, subcutaneously (under the skin), solution for injection daily<br>|
| Active Comparator: Insulin degludec + insulin aspart<br>insulin degludec once a day in combination with 2-4 times daily injections of insulin aspart at meal times. | Drug: insulin degludec<br>* insulin degludec 100 units/mL, subcutaneously (under the skin), solution for injection once daily<br>Drug: insulin aspart<br>* insulin aspart 100 units/mL, subcutaneously (under the skin), solution for injection daily<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26 | Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 is presented. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | Baseline (week 0), week 26 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 52 | Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | Baseline (week 0), week 52 | 
| Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) | Change in FPG from baseline to week 26 is presented. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | Baseline (week 0), week 26 | 
| Percentage of Time in Range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 Milligrams Per Deciliter [mg/dL]) Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System | Percentage of time in range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL) using CGM system from week 22 to week 26 is presented. Time in range is defined as 100 times the number of recorded measurements in glycaemic range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL), both inclusive, divided by the total number of recorded measurements. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | From week 22 to week 26 | 
| Change in Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) in Total Treatment Satisfaction | Change in DTSQs in total treatment satisfaction from baseline to week 26 is presented. The sum score for DTSQ in total treatment satisfaction was calculated by adding the six item scores of items 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The sum score for DTSQ can range from 0 to 36, with 0 being the lowest and 36 being the highest score in total treatment satisfaction. Higher scores on the DTSQ total score indicate higher treatment satisfaction. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | Baseline (week 0), week 26 | 
| Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 26 | Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) from baseline to week 26 are presented. Severe hypoglycaemia (level 3) is defined as hypoglycaemia with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Data is reported for 'main-on-treatment' period. The main-on-treatment period started at the date of first dose of trial product as recorded on the electronic case report form (eCRF), and ended at the first date of any of the following: the end date of the on-treatment period; week 26. On-treatment: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit, the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 26 | 
| Number of Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 57 | Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) from baseline to week 57 are presented. Severe hypoglycaemia (level 3) is defined as hypoglycaemia with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' period. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 57 | 
| Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Confirmed by Blood Glucose [BG] Meter): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 26 | Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) from baseline to week 26 are presented. Clinically significant hypoglycaemia (level 2) is defined as plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Data is reported for 'main-on-treatment' period. The main-on-treatment period started at the date of first dose of trial product as recorded on the eCRF, and ended at the first date of any of the following: the end date of the on-treatment period; week 26. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 26 | 
| Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Confirmed by BG Meter): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 57 | Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) from baseline to week 57 are presented. Clinically significant hypoglycaemia (level 2) is defined as plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' period. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 57 | 
| Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 26 | Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) from baseline to week 26 are presented. Clinically significant hypoglycaemia (level 2) is defined as plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Severe hypoglycaemia (level 3) is defined as hypoglycaemia with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Data is reported for 'main-on-treatment' period. The main-on-treatment period started at the date of first dose of trial product as recorded on the eCRF, and ended at the first date of any of the following: the end date of the on-treatment period; week 26. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 26 | 
| Number of Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 57 | Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) from baseline to week 57 are presented. Clinically significant hypoglycaemia (level 2) is defined as plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Severe hypoglycaemia (level 3) is defined as hypoglycaemia with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' period. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 57 | 
| Number of Nocturnal Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 26 | Number of nocturnal clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) from baseline to week 26 are presented. Nocturnal: The period between 00:01 and 05:59 (both included). Clinically significant hypoglycaemia (level 2): Plasma glucose value of < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Severe hypoglycaemia (level 3): Hypoglycaemia with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Data is reported for 'main-on-treatment' period. The main-on-treatment period started at the date of first dose of trial product as recorded on the eCRF, and ended at the first date of any of the following: the end date of the on-treatment period; week 26. On-treatment period: Onset date on or after first dose of trial product and no later than first date of either follow-up visit, last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 26 | 
| Number of Nocturnal Clinically Significant Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 2) (Less Than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), Confirmed by BG Meter) or Severe Hypoglycaemic Episodes (Level 3): From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 57 | Number of nocturnal clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) from baseline to week 57 are presented. Nocturnal: The period between 00:01 and 05:59 (both included). Clinically significant hypoglycaemia (level 2): Plasma glucose value of < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Severe hypoglycaemia (level 3): Hypoglycaemia with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' period. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From baseline (week 0) to week 57 | 
| Percentage of Time spent Less Than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System | Percentage of time spent < 3.0 mmol/L using CGM system from week 22 to week 26 is presented. Time spent below threshold (< 3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) was defined as 100 times the number of recorded measurements below the threshold, divided by the total number of recorded measurements. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | From week 22 to week 26 | 
| Percentage of Time spent Greater Than (>) 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System | Percentage of time spent > 10 mmol/L using CGM system from week 22 to week 26 is presented. Time spent above threshold (> 10 mmol/L [180 mg/dL]) was defined as 100 times the number of recorded measurements above the threshold, divided by the total number of recorded measurements. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | From week 22 to week 26 | 
| Mean Total Weekly Insulin Dose: From Week 24 to Week 26 | Mean total weekly insulin dose from week 24 to week 26 is presented. Data is reported for 'main-on-treatment' period. The main-on-treatment period started at the date of first dose of trial product as recorded on the eCRF, and ended at the first date of any of the following: the end date of the on-treatment period; week 26. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From week 24 to week 26 | 
| Mean Total Weekly Insulin Dose: From Week 50 to Week 52 | Mean total weekly insulin dose from week 50 to week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' period. The on-treatment period: Onset date on or after the first dose of trial product and no later than the first date of either the follow-up visit (FU2), the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin or the end-date for the in-trial period. | From week 50 to week 52 | 
| Change in Body Weight | Change in body weight from baseline to week 26 is presented. Data is reported for 'in-trial' period. In-trial observation period started at randomisation and ended at the date of: the last direct participant-site contact; withdrawal for participants who withdrew their informed consent; the last participant-investigator contact as defined by the investigator for participants who were lost to follow-up (i.e. possibly an unscheduled phone visit); death for participants who died before any of the above. | Baseline (week 0), week 26 |