Improvement in Preschoolers' Participation as a Result of Occupational Therapy Intervention

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study evaluates the improvement of participation in everyday occupation among preschool children with mild developmental disabilities as a result of Occupational Therapy intervention.

Detailed Description
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Preschoolers suffering from mild developmental disabilities are being referred to Occupational Therapy (OT) clinics according to limitation in participating of daily occupations. As well these children often demonstrate behavior or emotional difficulties. The primary treatment goal is promoting participation yet many times the treatment focuses on child's performance skills and not on occupation based activities. Respectively its outcome measures are the child performance skills. This study will document the therapeutic intervention, and evaluate its impact on child participation as well on his performance skills and emotional aspects. Participants will be recruited from waiting list for Occupational Therapy at Clalit Health services, Child Development Institute, and will be evaluate four times. First time on referral to waiting list ( At the present time due to long waiting list, children are waiting about three to four months before starting OT intervention), second time before treatment, third time after three of treatments and last follow-up after three months.

Official Title
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A Prospective Cohort Study to Examine the Improvement in Preschoolers' Participation as a Result of Occupational Therapy Intervention

Conditions
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Limited Participation in Daily Life Activities

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: direct occupational therapy intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: kindergarten students of regular education Hebrew speaking Exclusion Criteria: Students of special education Attending physiotherapy or psychology treatments Autistic Spectrum Disorder Cerebral Palsy Spina Bifida Developmental Intellectual Disabilities Blindness Deafness

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 54 Months
Maximum Age: 83 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| direct occupational therapy intervention<br>group will be evaluated 4 times: on referral to waiting list for treatment, before and after 9-12 direct individual treatments of 45 minutes, and follow-up after 3 months. | Other: direct occupational therapy intervention<br>* Short term direct individual occupational therapy (9-12 weeks).Participants will receive occupational therapy intervention according to health law. The study will document the therapeutic intervention implemented in practice using the Documentation of Occupational Therapy Session during Intervention (DOTSI).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Improvement of child participation | Improvement of Participation of daily occupation as measured with Child Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) | up to 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Child performance skills | Child Performance Skills Questionnaire (PSQ) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child emotional aspects - Self efficacy | Pictorial scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptances for Young Children (PSPCSA) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Parental aspects- Parental self efficacy | Parental Efficacy Questionnaire | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child emotional aspects - Anxiety | Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child emotional aspects - Mastery motivation | Dimension of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ18) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills -Fine motor precision | Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills - Balance | Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills -Executive functions | Day - Night task | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills - Sensory profile | Short Sensory Profile (SSP2) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills -Core strength | Prone Extension Posture | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills - Visual motor integration | Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) | up to 12 weeks | 
| Child performance skills - Draw a picture | Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (DAP) | up to 12 weeks |