A Functional Pain Scale to Improve the Patient Experience

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This will be an observational cohort study to evaluate pain measurement after surgery using a new functional pain scale.

Detailed Description
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Patients admitted for orthopedic surgery may take part in this research. Participants will be assessed using three different pain scales: numeric rating scale (NRS), FACES pain scale and a new functional pain scale (FPS).

Official Title
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A Pilot Study to Validate a Functional Pain Scale in Order to Improve the Patient Experience

Conditions
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Pain Measurement

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Pain measurement using 3 scales


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Completed orthopedic (hip or knee) surgery English as primary language and able to read Low risk as assessed by Opioid Risk Assessment Tool (ORAT) No history of opioid abuse Patients with a diagnosis of chronic pain other than the scheduled hip or knee meeting the above criteria may be included. Exclusion Criteria: Previous diagnosis of cognitive impairment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Pain post surgery<br>Patients who have completed surgery will be assessed with three types of pain scales. A new pain scale, a functional pain scale (FPS), will be compared to two pain scales that are routinely used: the FACES pain scale and the numeric rating scale (NRS). | Other: Pain measurement using 3 scales<br>* Patients will assess their pain after surgery using three different pain scales.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in pain score using functional pain scale questionnaire | Change in pain measurement using new functional pain scale from baseline postoperatively until discharge. The functional pain scale is a scale of 10 descriptive words related to pain and ability to function, ranging from minimal to immobilizing | Through study completion, an average of 4 days. | 
| Change in pain score using FACES pain scale | Change in pain measurement using FACES pain scale from baseline postoperatively until discharge. The scale includes pictures of facial expressions with correlating numerical scale of 0-10, 0 being no hurt and 10 being the worst hurt. | Through study completion, an average of 4 days. | 
| Change in pain score using numeric 0-10 rating scale | Change in pain measurement using standard numeric rating scale from baseline postoperatively until discharge. The numeric rating scale is 0-10 where 0 is no pain, 5 is moderate pain and 10 is the worst pain. | Through study completion, an average of 4 days. | 
| Change in functionality | Change in patient's ability to complete daily functions from baseline postoperatively until discharge. Physical therapy and occupational therapy reports will be reviewed to see if pain appears to interfere with the ability to participate in rehabilitation therapy. | Through study completion, an average of 4 days. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Patient preference for ease of use of the three pain scales (functional, FACES or numerical) | Questionnaire: Patient will be asked to answer one question to choose which of the three pain scales they prefer for reporting their level of pain. On a scale of 1 to 3 with 1 being the best for reporting pain, the patient will choose which pain scale they would rank a 1. | Through study completion, an average of 4 days. | 
| Provider preference for ease of use of the three pain scales (functional, FACES or numerical) | Questionnaire: Provider will be asked to answer one question regarding which of the three pain scales they found easiest to complete. On a scale of 1 to 3 with 1 being the best for ease of use, the provider will choose which pain scale they would rank a 1. | Through study completion, an average of 4 days. | 
| Opioid administration | Dose of opioid administered postoperatively during the hospital stay | Through study completion, an average of 4 days |