Investigation of Microbiome-Derived Metabolite Production in Response to a Mediterranean Diet

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This project proposes to characterise the microbiome-derived metabolites produced upon ingestion of bioactive precursor-rich meals by healthy volunteers in order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiome composition and the nature of dietary metabolites production.

Detailed Description
-----------------
There is a large inter-individual variability in gut microbiome-derived metabolites production upon ingestion of similar meals. Since many of these microbiome-derived metabolites have enteric and systemic biological effects, these variabilities could in part account for the different responses to meals and diets. This project thus aims to improve the understanding the relationship between gut microbiome composition and the nature of dietary metabolites produced from similar bioactive precursor-rich meals. The investigators therefore propose to characterise the circulating microbiome-derived metabolite profiles in healthy individuals fed the same 2-day precursor-rich Mediterranean diet prior to and after a 2-week of habitual Canadian diet feeding.

Official Title
-----------------
Investigation of Microbiome-Derived Metabolite Production in Response to a Mediterranean Diet

Conditions
-----------------
Food Habits

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Mediterranean diet


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Men and women aged between 18 and 35 years Body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2 General good health Computer and Internet access Basic understanding of written French Exclusion Criteria: Intestinal pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers Pregnant and/or breast-feeding women Alcohol consumption greater than 15 portions for men and 10 for women weekly Active tobacco usage Consumption of dietary supplements (e.g. multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics) Completion of a course of antibiotics in the past 3 months Regular use of anti-inflammatory drugs, or use in the past 3 months Important weight change (+/- 5 kg) in the past 6 months Allergies or food intolerances to ingredients present in trial diets

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Single<br>All participating subjects will undergo two, 2-day Mediterranean diet feeding periods separated by a 14-day period of Canadian diet | Other: Mediterranean diet<br>* During both Mediterranean diet periods, participants will be provided with meals and snacks representative of the Mediterranean nutritional habits. Participants will be required to eat only the meals provided.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Microbiome-derived metabolite profiling | Plasma and urine metabolomics profiling of gut-microbiome derived metabolites (e.g., branched-chain amino acids [BCAA], short chain fatty acids [SCFA], trimethylamine [TMA], amino acids- and polyphenol-metabolites) will also performed at the same time points. | 19 days | 
| Gut microbiome characterisation | Fecal microbiome composition will be characterise by rRNA 16S sequencing prior to and following both 2-day Mediterranean diet periods. Relevant indexes of microbiome diversity (e.g. Shannon beta-diversity), ratios between meaningful bacterial markers of gut dysbiosis (e.g. Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes) and specific microbiome differences in bacterial Families, Genera or species between study periods and individuals. | 19 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Endocannabinoid interaction with interindividual microbiome composition | Interindividual variations in the endocannabinoid levels following a 2-day Mediterranean diet intervention according to individual gut microbiome composition will also be characterised. N-acyl ethanolamines, acylglycerols and omega-3 derived endocannabinoids will be quantified by LC MS-MS in plasma and urine samples collected prior to and following both 2-day Mediterranean diet periods. | 19 days | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Gut Microbiome, Metabolites, Endocannabinoid, Mediterranean diet