Assessing Manual Components of Brazilian Children and Adolescents on Hemodialysis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study was to assess the handgrip strength; fine motor skills; and hand sensitivity of Brazilian children and adolescents with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD). The sample was composed by 42 children and adolescents, 21 on hemodialysis (group A) and the other 21 acted as the control group (group B). The performance of both groups was compared. The outcome measures included Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, the Semmes Weinstein monofilaments test and Jamar Dynamometer.

Official Title
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Assessing the Handgrip Strength, Fine Motor Skills, and Hand Sensitivity of Brazilian Children and Adolescents on Hemodialysis

Conditions
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Chronic Kidney Disease

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of CKD with active hemodialysis treatment (only to group A); Ability to understand the tests and questionnaires applied. Exclusion Criteria: Neuropsychiatric disease associated; and Any medical contraindication against the participation in the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 9 Years
Maximum Age: 19 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group A<br>Group composed of 21 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 19 years old, treated by hemodialysis in two hospitals of Belo Horizonte. Just in case of some evidence of difference in the results within group A, because of the two types of dialysis (via fistula or catheter), this group can be subdivided in subgroups A1 (n=10) and A2 (n=11), respectively. Group A was already on hemodialysis, the intervention was not performed by the researcher. Our goal was only to evaluate some characteristics of these individuals. | |
| Group B<br>Group composed of 21 children and adolescents matching age and gender for the Group A participants. The individuals were recruited in schools of Belo Horizonte. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test | The manual functioning of upper limbs were assessed by the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, a standardized test composed by manual tasks based on daily activities. The test is divided into seven sub-tests: (1) writing, (2) flipping cards, (3) small objects lifting, (4) spoon usage, (5) blocks stacking, (6) large and lightweight objects lifting, and (7) large and heavy objects lifting. | 30 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Semmes Weinstein Monofilaments Test | The Semmes Weinstein monofilaments test was used to evaluate the skin threshold sensitivity. In this test, the damage to the skin sensitivity is classified in colors. The eyes are blindfolded and the nylon monofilaments are applied to the hands of participants until the touch is felt in the dermatomes, regarding the distribution of the ulnar, median and radial. | 10 minutes | 
| Jamar Dynamometer | The handgrip strength was checked by the Jamar® Dynamometer, it is constituted by a voltage sealers system which indicates on the device the handgrip strength in kilograms/strength (kg/f) or in pounds/inch. The device was used three times before and after hemodialysis session, and the results were based on the average of the three applications. In the group B, the test was applied 3 times, and obtained average. The dynamometer works in many situations in order to determine the functionality of the hands and is considered a gold standard for this purpose. | 15 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Sensitivity, Chronic Kidney Disease, Handgrip Strength, Fine Motor Skills