Beach Tennis And Hypertension Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a beach tennis session on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in adults with hypertension. The main hypothesis is that a single session of beach tennis would decrease ambulatory blood pressure compared with a non-exercise control session.

Detailed Description
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In this randomized crossover trial, participants performed randomly assigned two experimental sessions: a beach tennis session and a non-exercise control session. The beach tennis session started with a standardized 5-minute warm-up consisting of basic techniques, followed by three 12-minute beach tennis matches with 2-minute intervals between them. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were continuously recorded during the beach tennis session, and enjoyment was measured after the beach tennis session. The control session was performed in seated rest. Both experimental sessions lasted 45 minutes. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured continuously for 24-hour after sessions.

Official Title
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Effects of a Beach Tennis Training Session on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Hypertension

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Beach Tennis session


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Office blood pressure between 130-179 and 80-110 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively; Non-engaged in structured exercise programs in the last 3 months before the beginning of this study; Able to perform the proposed exercises. Exclusion Criteria: Underlying cardiovascular disease in the last 24 months such as acute myocardial infarction, angina, stroke or heart failure; Diseases that reduce life expectancy; Smokers; BMI >39.9 kg/m²; Diabetic proliferative retinopathy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control session<br>Control session without any exercise. The participants remained in seated rest throughout 45 min. | |
| Experimental: Beach Tennis session<br>The participants performed a beach tennis training session throughout 45 min.The session started with a standardized 5-minute warm-up consisting of basic techniques (i.e., serve, volley, forehand, and backhand) followed by three 12-minute beach tennis matches with 2-minute intervals between the games. We used regular beach tennis rules in the game, which was played on a regular beach tennis court (i.e., 16 m long by 8 m wide and net 1.70 m high). | Behavioral: Beach Tennis session<br>* The Beach Tennis training session will be composed by a warm up of 5 min of BT in which technical exercises (i.e., serve, volley, forehand and backhand) will be performed After that, 3 BT small games of 12 min with a 2 minute interval between games using the conventional rules of sport will be performed. Before the session and after each small game, data regarding heart rate, blood pressure and rate perceived exertion will be recorded.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ambulatory Blood Pressure | Day-time, night-time and 24h ambulatory blood pressure measured through automatic oscillometric device after 45 min of control session and beach tennis session | 24 hours after control and beach tennis sessions | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Systolic blood pressure | Systolic blood pressure in mmHg will be measured using automatic oscillometric before and after each experimental session throughout 45 min. | 45 minutes | 
| Diastolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg will be measured using automatic oscillometric before and after each experimental session throughout 45 min. | 45 minutes | 
| Blood Pressure Variability | Systolic and diastolic BP values obtained in the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, with valid measures included in a programmed software to calculate the average real variability of these measures. | 24 hours | 
| Enjoyment (PACES questionnaire) | Enjoyment will be measured after beach tennis session, the scale is composed of 18 items in a bipolar affirmations format (i.e., amused versus not-amused) punctuated in a range from the minimum value 1 to the maximum value 7. | 5 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exercise, Beach Tennis, Sport training, Post exercise hypotension, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring