Brock Exercise And Supplement Trials

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will analyze the effects of Greek yogurt consumption and an 12 week exercise intervention on muscle size, body composition and bone health in untrained, university-aged males.

Detailed Description
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Introduction: Previous research has shown the effectiveness of dairy milk and whey protein on increasing muscle size, optimizing body composition and increasing strength in adult males. However, evidence on the use of high protein/Greek yogurt on muscle size, body composition and bone health is limited in this population. Yogurt contains similar muscle and bone supporting nutrients as milk, yet it offers a host of additional benefits including; increased satiety, probiotic cultures, greater stability, increased variety, more affordable and versatile features such as acting as a vehicle for consumption of other healthful foods. The proposed research will investigate the use of Greek yogurt as an effective post-exercise food to promote healthy body composition and bone health changes in young adult males. Design: Parallel, randomized controlled trial. Participants: 30 (n=15 YOG, n=15 PLA) healthy, untrained university-aged males. Methods: Subjects will undergo a 12-week resistance and plyometric training program (exercising 3 days/week). The YOG group will consume a 200g dose (pro= 20g, carbs= 8 grams,  110 kcals) of plain 0% Greek yogurt, while the PLA group will consume an isoenergetic, protein-void beverage comprised mainly of maltodextrin (pro= 0g, carbs= 26g,  110 kcals). Each group will consume 3 doses per day (immediately and 1 hour post-exercise, and bedtime). Markers of bone health (CTx and P1NP) will be taken at baseline, 1 week and 12 weeks to determine acute and total changes. Muscle size, body composition, strength, vertical jump height and nutritional diaries will be measured pre and post intervention and habitual diet maintenance will be encouraged throughout the intervention. Anticipated Results: It is hypothesized that each group will undergo positive changes in the aforementioned measures, however due to the increase in protein and calcium consumption, the yogurt group is predicted to have significantly greater increases in these variables than the placebo group.

Official Title
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Effects of Greek Yogurt and Exercise on Muscle Size, Body Composition and Bone Health in Untrained, University-aged Males

Conditions
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Untrained, Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Resistance and Plyometric Exercise
* Dietary Supplement: Greek Yogurt (0% Plain)
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo - Study Designed Supplement


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male Age 18-25 years Normal BMI (18.5-24.9) kg/m2 Have not participated in a resistance training program (of resistance exercise at least 2x/week or more) in the last 6 months Healthy and not taking any medication affecting muscle or bone Not supplementing with vitamins/ minerals or protein Speak and understand English No dairy allergy or lactose intolerance

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized Controlled Trial
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Yogurt Group<br>Group will be consuming 200g of Greek Yogurt (Plain, 0%) 3 times daily for 12 weeks | Behavioral: Resistance and Plyometric Exercise<br>* 12 weeks of Resistance (twice weekly) and Plyometric (once weekly) training<br>Dietary Supplement: Greek Yogurt (0% Plain)<br>* 200g 3x/day for 12 weeks.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Study Designed Supplement Group<br>Group will consume an isoenergetic, protein void, maltodextrin-based placebo supplement during the same time points for 12 weeks as well. The Placebo contain maltodextrin and pudding powder to mimic the consistency of Greek yogurt. | Behavioral: Resistance and Plyometric Exercise<br>* 12 weeks of Resistance (twice weekly) and Plyometric (once weekly) training<br>Dietary Supplement: Placebo - Study Designed Supplement<br>* Iso-energetic to yogurt. 3x/day for 12 weeks.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscular Strength | 1 Repetition Maximum of bench press, seated row, quad extension and hamstring curl | Change from Baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Muscle Size | Muscle Size determined by ultrasound at various sites. | Change from Baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Body Composition | Body Fat % measured via BodPod and BodyMetrix | Change from Baseline to 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bone cell activity | Bone markers measured in serum. | Change from Baseline to 12 weeks | 
| Vertical Jump Height | measured via chalk-on-wall technique | Change from Baseline to 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Greek Yogurt, Muscle Size, Bone Health, Body Composition, Exercise