Salivary Immune/Stress Biomarkers Among Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: The use of easily accessible biomarkers for assessing young patients' health is important. This study's aim is a measuring stress/immune biomarkers in saliva of healthy school-age children and compare subgroups according to age, sex, stress perception in dental pain related to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). Material and methods: 50 children diagnosed with SIP and SAP aged from 6 to 12 years old will be treated with root canal treatment. Dental examination using DMF score and oral hygiene level will be performedby experienced dentists. Salivary samples will be collected three times: before treatment in day of first dental visit (1), after two weeks (2), and after next two weeks = 30 days (3). Additionally, pain and stress perception will be examined by VAS scale and questionnaires dedicated for children anxiety: Frankl behavior rating scale, Venham's anxiety and behavior rating scale. Salivary immunoglobullins A, G, M, opiorphin, free cortisol and amylase will be measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Results will assess which of the measured salivary biomarkers is related to stress and dental pain, suggesting its use for evaluating in non-invasive way in childhood.

Detailed Description
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Psychological stress impairs homeostasis in many aspects, including immune dysregulation with important variability according to age and sex. Use of easily accessible biomarkers is of importance to assess these changes in fragile subjects, as for example children, especially in a context of exposure to childhood stress experience, when invasive sampling procedures may increase the psychic stress. Saliva is a promising tool which has been used both for acute and chronic stress Several salivary immune biomarkers are now considered to be sensitive and reliable readouts of mental stress in adult patients, among them free cortisol, alpha-amylase (sAA) and secretory immunoglobulin IgA (sIgA), IgM, IgG and opiorphin (OPI). These four biomarkers may be measured easily in saliva, but in variable amounts according to age and sex, as well as in response to psychological stress. The main objective of this exploratory study was therefore to compare salivary levels of opiorphin, cortisol, sAA, sIgA, IgM, IgG in two groups of healthy children, 6-12 years old, a developmental age critical to mental disorders and dental interventional treatment, with ELISA tests. This study's aim is a measuring stress/immune biomarkers in saliva of healthy school-age children and compare subgroups according to age, sex, stress perception in dental pain related to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP). Material and methods: 50 children diagnosed with SIP and SAP aged from 6 to 12 years old will be treated with root canal treatment. Dental examination using DMF score and oral hygiene level will be performedby experienced dentists. Salivary samples will be collected three times: before treatment in day of first dental visit (1), after two weeks (2), and after next two weeks = 30 days (3). Additionally, pain and stress perception will be examined by VAS scale and questionnaires dedicated for children anxiety: Frankl behavior rating scale, Venham's anxiety and behavior rating scale. Salivary immunoglobullins A, G, M, opiorphin, free cortisol and amylase will be measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Results will assess which of the measured salivary biomarkers is related to stress and dental pain, suggesting its use for evaluating in non-invasive way in childhood.

Official Title
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Salivary Immune/Stress Biomarkers Among Children

Conditions
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Stress, Emotional, Dental Anxiety, Dental Pain and Sensation Disorder, Cortisol; Hypersecretion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: GROUP


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: male or female age 6 - 12 y.o. complaint dental pain diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis or symptomatic apical periodontitis assigned agreement to the informed consent form by parents/caregivers and children cooperation Exclusion Criteria: use of analgesics or antibiotics prior 48 h before specimen collection having a systemic disease disorders interfering with salivary function or flow regular medication intake interfering with salivary function or flow having temporary infectious disease having neurodevelopmental dysfunction (e.g ADHD) lack of cooperation during dental visits inability to understand the content of the informed consent form by parents/caregivers and children

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group<br>50 generally healthy children diagnosed with dental pain as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) or symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) aged from 6 to 12 years old will be included to the GROUP. | Other: GROUP<br>* Non-invasive diagnosis of dental pain, dental root canal treatment, salivary specimen collection from the first visit to next and the last during 4 weeks of dental care<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| dental pain | Proportion of subjects showing no increase in dental pain | 30 days | 
| salivary biomarkers | Proportion of subjects showing no increase in salivary biomarkers | 30 days | 
| dental anxiety | Proportion of subjects showing no increase in stress perception | 30 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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saliva, biomarkers, cortisol, IgA, IgG, IgM, amylase, opiorphin