The Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol After Cesarean Section

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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We evaluated the clinical effect of Butorphanol on postoperative analgesia by observing the vital signs of patients, general condition of newborns and pain assessment.

Official Title
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The Analgesic Effect of Butorphanol After Cesarean Section

Conditions
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Analgesia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: butorphanol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy women at term (37 to 42 weeks of gestation), who desired cesarean section were eligible to participate. undergoing ；No drug sensitive history Exclusion Criteria: Patients with a history of anesthetics allergy and patients with preterm labor, multiple pregnancies and severe obstetric complications

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Observed group<br> | Drug: butorphanol<br>* Observed group:Intravenous drip of Butorphanol in patients after cesarean section;control group: intravenous drip of saline in patients after cesarean section<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| change from Visual Analogue Score for pain | VAS is the most common pain scale for quantification. The score is higher, the patient will be more painful. That will indicate if the analgesia is effective. Visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10 (with 10 representing the worst pain imaginable) to measure the degree of pain for participants | assess VAS at 24 hours, 25 hours, 26 hours, 27 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours after the cesarean section | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| heart rates | heart rates（bpm) | at 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours after the cesarean section | 
| jaundice index of the newborn,1 minute and 5 minutes Apgar score | Neonatal Apgar scores at the first and fifth minute.The score indicates the infant s' conditions, including heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflex response, color. Each characteristic is given an individual score; two points for each of the five categories if all is completely well; then all scores are totaled. The score is from 0 to 10. | jaundice index: 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours after the cesarean section | 
| blood pressure | blood pressure(mmHg) | at 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours after the cesarean section | 
| breath | breath(bpm) | at 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours after the cesarean section | 
| pulse | pulse(bpm) | at 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours after the cesarean section |