The Association of Gut Microbiota With Urinary Tract Infection in Infants

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This prospective case-control study will compare the gut microbiota between the infants with febrile urinary tract infection and healthy infants.

Detailed Description
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The investigators hypothesize that the gut environment reflected by intestinal microbiota influences the risk of urinary tract infection. This prospective case-control study will compare the gut microbiota between the infants with febrile urinary tract infection and healthy infants. The investigators will sequence the V3-V4 of the bacterial 16SrRNA genes from the feces and analyze the sequencing data by QIIME2.

Official Title
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The Association of Gut Microbiota With Urinary Tract Infection in Infants

Conditions
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Urinary Tract Infections

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The collection of feces


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of febrile urinary tract infection. Infants Exclusion Criteria: Congenital kidney disease Congenital heart disease Other metabolic disease

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Months
Maximum Age: 15 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Infants with febrile urinary tract infection<br>The investigators will recruit infants hospitalized for acute febrile urinary tract infection. Before starting antibiotics treatment, The investigators will collect feces with the informed consents from infants' parents. | Other: The collection of feces<br>* When the infants will be diagnosed with urinary tract infection, feces will be collected. Feces will be collected from healthy infants with informed consent.<br>|
| Healthy infants<br>The investigators will recruit healthy controls from the clinics for routine check up with the informed consents from infants' parents. | Other: The collection of feces<br>* When the infants will be diagnosed with urinary tract infection, feces will be collected. Feces will be collected from healthy infants with informed consent.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The differential compositional analysis of the gut microbiota between healthy controls and infants with febrile urinary tract infection. | The investigators will sequence the V3-V4 of the bacterial 16SrRNA genes from the feces and analyze the sequencing data by QIIME2. From the OTU table, the investigators will conduct the differential compositional analysis of the gut microbiota between healthy controls and infants with febrile urinary tract infection, using the linear discriminant analysis and analysis of differential abundance taking sample variation into account in R program and QIIME2. | An average of 1 year, after the completion of recruitment. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The differential functional analysis of the gut microbiota between healthy controls and infants with febrile urinary tract infection. | The investigators will predict the functional analysis from the OTU table and compare those results between healthy controls and infants with febrile urinary tract infection, using PICRUST2 analysis. | An average of 1 year, after the completion of recruitment. |