Growth Mindset Psychoeducation for Modifiable Risk Factors for CMD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The present study aims to determine the effect of presenting psychoeducation emphasizing growth-mindset, and information on modifiable risk factors (e.g., social contact, physical activity) on engagement with modifiable risk factors. The investigators hypothesize that psychoeducation emphasizing that mental health is malleable will increase the participant's engagement with risk factors outlined in the intervention.

Official Title
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The Effect of Growth Mindset Psychoeducation on Modifiable Risk Factors for Common Mental Disorders

Conditions
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Depression, Anxiety

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Growth mindset
* Behavioral: Modifiable risk factor (MRF) information
* Behavioral: Control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: College freshmen Exclusion Criteria: Not fluent in English

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Growth mindset + MRF Information<br>Online growth mindset interactive article followed by equal length interactive article describing the relationship between modifiable risk factors (MRF) and mental health outcomes | Behavioral: Growth mindset<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing neuroplasticity<br>Behavioral: Modifiable risk factor (MRF) information<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing modifiable risk factors for depression and anxiety<br>|
| Experimental: Control + MRF information<br>Online daily activity scheduling interactive article (control) followed by equal length interactive article describing the relationship between modifiable risk factors and mental health outcomes | Behavioral: Modifiable risk factor (MRF) information<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing modifiable risk factors for depression and anxiety<br>Behavioral: Control<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing activity scheduling<br>|
| Experimental: Control + Growth mindset<br>Online growth mindset interactive article followed by equal length online daily activity scheduling interactive article (control) | Behavioral: Growth mindset<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing neuroplasticity<br>Behavioral: Control<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing activity scheduling<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Control + Control<br>2 doses online daily activity scheduling interactive article (control) | Behavioral: Control<br>* 10 minute interactive article describing activity scheduling<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer & Williams, 2001) | 9-item questionnaire associated containing one item for each symptom of MDD as specified by the DSM. Items consist of a 4-point Likert scale (0=Not at all to 3=Nearly every day). Minimum score is 0, maximum score is 27. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity. | 3 months | 
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams & Lowe, 2006) | 7-item scale, common, brief measure of anxiety symptom severity. Items consist of a 4-point Likert scale (0=Not at all to 3=Nearly every day). Minimum score is 0, maximum score is 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety symptom severity. | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cognitive and Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS, Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2003) | The scale contains 31 items assessing cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance of social and non-social avoidance. The scale uses a 5-item Likert scale (1=Not at all true for me to 5=Extremely true for me). Total scale range from 0-155. The behavioral social factor contains 8 items. Items are summed. Minimum score is 8, maximum score is 40. The cognitive nonsocial scale contains 10 items. Minimum score is 10. Maximum score is 50. The cognitive social subscale consists of 7 items. Minimum score is 7, maximum score is 35. The behavioral nonsocial subscale consists of 6 items. Minimum score is 6, maximum score is 30. Higher scores indicate higher levels of avoidance. | 3 months | 
| Substance Use Measure (Lee et al., 2015) | 3-item substance use measure including frequency of alcohol use, cigarette use and drug use. Items are measured using a five-point Likert scale (1=never or not at all to 5=almost always). The scale is scored by summing items. Minimum score is 3, maximum score is 15. Higher scores indicate more frequent substance use. | 3 months | 
| Positive Reframing; Brief COPE (B-COPE; Carver, 1997) | 28-item scale assessing various dimensions of healthy and unhealthy coping. This include 14 subscales: self-distraction, active coping, denial, substance use, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement, venting, positive reframing, planning, humor, acceptance, religion, and self-blame. Each subscale consists of two items. Subscales are scored by summing items. Scale consists of 4-item Likert scale (1=I haven't been doing this at all to 4 I've been doing this a lot). Minimum score is 2, maximum score is 8 on each subscale. Higher scores indicate greater use of coping strategy. Positive reframing subscale was used. | 3 months |