The Effects of Protein Supplementation in Females and Males Following Acute Eccentric Exercise

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Examine the impact of the protein supplements leucine, HMB and BCAA on muscle recovery and inflammatory response following acute exercise.

Detailed Description
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Participants, both females and males, will perform an acute bout of exercise. A bout of exercise that will involve multiple drop jumps. Prior to and post exercise, functional outputs will be measured and blood will be collected to quantify the inflammatory response. The protocol will involve attending the laboratory on 6 occasions over a two week period to complete the above measures.

Official Title
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The Effects of Protein Supplementation in Females and Males Following Acute Eccentric Exercise

Conditions
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Muscle Damage

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Drop Jumps


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Health recreationally active males and females. Exclusion Criteria: Asthma sufferers People with kidney disease People partaking in lower limb strength training People suffering DOMS in the past 6 months People already taking dietary supplements, other NSAIDs, or for example aspirin, alcohol, warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate, lithium, diuretics, cyclosporine. People with bone or soft tissue injury within last 12 months People with gastric problems People with hypertension People who have had history of heart failure People with liver disease People with connective tissue disorders People with Crohn's disease People with ulcerative colitis People with peripheral arterial disease People with cerebrovascular disease Elderly population People with allergies to NSAIDs, Omega- 3 fatty acids and BCAAs. People with depression People with bipolar disorder People with diabetes Females who are pregnant People who have HIV / AIDS

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomised control study with four groups, one control and three protein supplements.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Control<br>Control group that was not given a supplement. | Other: Drop Jumps<br>* Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.<br>|
| Experimental: BCAA<br>Supplement group that was given Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA). | Other: Drop Jumps<br>* Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.<br>|
| Experimental: Leucine<br>Supplement group that was given Leucine. | Other: Drop Jumps<br>* Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.<br>|
| Experimental: HMB<br>Supplement group that was given β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) | Other: Drop Jumps<br>* Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Concentration of Creatine Kinase at baseline | Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage. | Baseline | 
| Concentration of Creatine Kinase immediately after intervention. | Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage. | Immediately after intervention. | 
| Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 24 hours after intervention. | Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage. | 24 hours after intervention. | 
| Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 48 hours after intervention. | Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage. | 48 hours after intervention. | 
| Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 7 days after intervention. | Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage. | 7 days after intervention. | 
| Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 14 days after intervention. | Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage. | 14 days after intervention. | 
| Number of Chair Rises at baseline | Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips. | Baseline | 
| Number of Chair Rises immediately after intervention. | Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips. | Immediately after intervention. | 
| Number of Chair Rises at 24 hours after intervention. | Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips. | 24 hours after intervention. | 
| Number of Chair Rises at 48 hours after intervention. | Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips. | 48 hours after intervention. | 
| Number of Chair Rises at 7 days after intervention. | Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips. | 7 days after intervention. | 
| Number of Chair Rises at 14 days after intervention. | Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips. | 14 days after intervention. | 
| Squat Jump height at baseline | Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally. | Baseline | 
| Squat Jump height immediately after intervention. | Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally. | Immediately after intervention. | 
| Squat Jump height at 24 hours after intervention. | Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally. | 24 hours after intervention. | 
| Squat Jump height at 48 hours after intervention. | Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally. | 48 hours after intervention. | 
| Squat Jump height at 7 days after intervention. | Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally. | 7 days after intervention. | 
| Squat Jump height at 14 days after intervention. | Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally. | 14 days after intervention. | 
| Range of motion at baseline. | Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position. | Baseline | 
| Range of motion immediately after intervention. | Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position. | Immediately after intervention. | 
| Range of motion at 24 hours after intervention. | Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position. | 24 hours after intervention. | 
| Range of motion at 48 hours after intervention. | Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position. | 48 hours after intervention. | 
| Range of motion at 7 days after intervention. | Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position. | 7 days after intervention. | 
| Range of motion at 14 days after intervention. | Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position. | 14 days after intervention. | 
| Inflammatory cytokines concentration at baseline | Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1. | Baseline | 
| Inflammatory cytokines concentration at 24 hours after intervention. | Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1. | 24 hours after intervention. | 
| Inflammatory cytokines concentration at 48 hours after intervention. | Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1. | 48 hours after intervention. | 
| Inflammatory cytokines concentration at 7 days after intervention. | Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1. | 7 days after intervention. | 
| Concentration of Lactate from baseline to immediately after intervention. | Blood drop from finger will be used to lactate. | Baseline and immediately after intervention. | 
| Muscle Soreness | Record soreness on visual analogue scale from 1-10 1 = low soreness, 10 = extreme soreness. | Daily for 14 days. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Weighed food diaries. | Fill out dietary intake on food diary, by weighing food. | Daily for 14 days. |