Taste And Smell TEsting in End Stage Renal Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Malnutrition is an important complication of advanced kidney disease and impairment in smell and taste may affect nutritional status. This study will examine the association between impairment in smell and taste and nutritional and functional markers among patients with end stage renal disease, as well as risk factors for smell and taste impairment.

Detailed Description
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People with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for malnutrition, which is associated with significantly increased mortality. Impairments in olfaction and taste are under-recognized and under-addressed symptoms that affect this population. Olfaction and taste influence appetite and nutritional status and represent a unique target for study and intervention. Small cross-sectional studies have shown a higher prevalence of olfactory (up to 56%) and taste disturbances (up to 35%) among patients with CKD compared with the general population, but little is known about longitudinal change in olfaction and taste in this population. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding about why these sensory disturbances more commonly occur in people with CKD, although there is speculation that uremia may contribute. This information gained from this study will address these gaps in knowledge by studying longitudinal changes in olfaction and taste and their associations with concurrent and future nutritional and functional status. Additionally this study will attempt to identify potentially modifiable risk factors associated with olfactory and taste impairment.

Official Title
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TASTE ESRD: Taste And Smell TEsting in End Stage Renal Disease

Conditions
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Kidney Failure, Chronic, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, Malnutrition

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Worsening of olfaction from enrollment visit to 6 months
* Other: Worsening of taste from enrollment visit to 6 months
* Other: Serum Zinc
* Other: Chronic rhinosinusitis
* Other: Dialysis adequacy
* Other: Decayed missing filled teeth index (DMFT)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Aged 18 or older End-stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis Exclusion Criteria: Known allergy to quinine Presence of a pacemaker or internal defibrillator Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| End stage renal disease<br>Observational study, no intervention | Other: Worsening of olfaction from enrollment visit to 6 months<br>* Worsening of olfaction from enrollment visit to 6 months will be evaluated for association with the primary and secondary outcomes<br>Other: Worsening of taste from enrollment visit to 6 months<br>* Worsening of taste from enrollment visit to 6 months will be evaluated for association with the primary and secondary outcomes<br>Other: Serum Zinc<br>* Serum zinc will be evaluated for association with taste and/or smell impairment<br>Other: Chronic rhinosinusitis<br>* Chronic rhinosinusitis will be evaluated for association with smell impairment<br>Other: Dialysis adequacy<br>* Dialysis adequacy will be evaluated for association with taste and/or smell impairment<br>Other: Decayed missing filled teeth index (DMFT)<br>* DMFT will be evaluated for association with taste impairment<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| change in lean body mass | lean body mass will be determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan | from 6 months to 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| change in hand grip strength | measured by dynamometer | from 6 months to 1 year | 
| change in the physical function score | measured by Standard-Form 36 version 2 | from 6 months to 1 year |