Perception of Children With Visible Untreated and Treated Caries

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In Germany about 5 to 20% of children suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). Preceding results of eye-tracking-studies on the perception of patients with unilateral cleft and patients with severe orthognathic malocclusion let us assume that caries and missing teeth might influence the observer's focus. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the faces of patients with ECC and patients with signs of dental treatment (crown, gap etc.) are contemplated differently from and assessed more negatively than healthy patients. Particular attention should be paid to potential differences between the findings of the two observer-groups (medical laypersons/ dental students).

Detailed Description
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In Germany about 5 to 20% of children suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). Resulting in complications like damages of the permanent teeth, pain and developmental disorder of the affected jaw, ECC might additionally lead to social exclusion. Previous eye-tracking-studies about the perception of patients with unilateral cleft and patients with severe orthognathic malocclusion demonstrated that these variations are transferring the observer's focus from the eyes and nose to the affected region. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the faces of patients with ECC and patients with signs of dental treatment (crown, gap etc.) are contemplated differently from and assessed more negatively than healthy patients. Particular attention should be paid to potential differences between the findings of the two observer-groups (medical laypersons/ dental students).

Official Title
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Perception of Children With Visible Untreated and Treated Caries

Conditions
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Dental Caries

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy student of the University of Göttingen or Hildesheim age ≥ 18 years people who agreed to participate in the study right-hander Exclusion Criteria: missing agreement to participate in the study missing cooperation, age < 18 years left-hander wearer of glasses people with severe systemic diseases, especially states with associated temporary or permanent restriction of immune status people with severe mental illness who have altered perception or neurophysiological stimulus processing. people who take regularly or at the time of the study drug or drugs that altered a perception or neurophysiological stimulus processing

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Dentistry students<br>Dentistry students of the University of Göttingen | |
| Psychology students<br>Psychology students of the University of Hildesheim | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The first fixation on one of both pictures will be measured | both pictures: a) emotional, b) neutral | 3 sec | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First fixation of one of three areas of interest will be measured | areas of interest: a) eyes, b) nose, c) mouth | 300 msec | 
| Fixation time and fixation number of areas of interest will be measured | areas of interest: a) eyes, b) nose, c) mouth | 2 sec | 
| Are the pictures different in valence, arousal, attractiveness | Questionnaire: How pleasant this stimulus is for you? (9 point scale: 1 negative - 9 positive) How exciting is this stimulus to you? (9 point scale: 1 low - 9 high) 3 How attractive is this appeal to you? (9 point scale: 1 unattractive - 9 attractive) Self-Assessment-Manikin scales | 30 min | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Early Childhood Caries, eye-tracking, children, dentistry, face perception