Neutral and Positive Attention Bias Modification Training for Young Adults With Depressive Symptoms

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study intends to explore the therapeutic effects of the development of negative attention bias modifaction and positive attention bias on depressive symptoms and redundancy through two different attention training methods: (1) neutral attention training (when neutral and sad stimuli are presented simultaneously, attention is always directed towards neutral stimuli to correct negative attention bias) and (2) positive attention training (when neutral and positive stimuli are presented simultaneously, attention is always directed towards positive stimuli to develop positive attention bias).

Detailed Description
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Attention Bias Modification Training was a modified dot-probe task. In the neutral attention bias, 90% of the targets in the training group appear in the neutral word position and 10% of the targets appear in the negative word position, while 50% of the targets in the placebo group appear in the neutral word position and 50% of the targets appear in the negative word position. In the positive attention bias, 90% of the targets in the training group appear in the positive word position and 10% of the targets appear in the neutral word position, while 90% of the targets in the placebo group appear in the neutral word position and 10% of the targets appear in the positive word position. The investigators assess attention bias scores, depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, rumination and self-report attention control ability at 1-week, 2-week, 4-week, 7-week, 3-month, 4-month, 5-month, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups after training.

Official Title
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Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University

Conditions
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Depressive Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Neutral ABMT
* Behavioral: Positive ABMT


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: A score of 14 or higher on the Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ Exclusion Criteria: a current episode of MDD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or organic mental disorder; any concurrent psychotherapy; any concurrent psychotropic medication.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Neutral ABMT<br>8-session-ABMT during a two-week period and 4-session-booster-ABMT during a two-week period | Behavioral: Neutral ABMT<br>* In the neutral attention bias, there are 108 pairs of neutral-negative words, 54 pairs of which are used in the training group and 54 pairs of which are used in the placebo group. The word pairs in each group are repeated 4 times, with a total of 216 trial. Participants received 8 sessions over 2 weeks (1 session every other day).In booster ABMT, participants received 4 sessions over 2 weeks (1 session every three days).90% of the targets in the training group appear in the neutral word position and 10% of the targets appear in the negative word position, while 50% of the targets in the placebo group appear in the neutral word position and 50% of the targets appear in the negative word position.<br>|
| Experimental: Positive ABMT<br>8-session-ABMT during a two-week period and 4-session-booster-ABMT during a two-week period | Behavioral: Positive ABMT<br>* In the positive attention bias, there are 54 pairs of neutral-negative words, 27 pairs of which are used in the training group and 27 pairs of which are used in the placebo group. The word pairs in each group are repeated 8 times, with a total of 216 trial.Participants received 8 sessions over 2 weeks (1 session every other day). In booster ABMT, participants received 4 sessions over 2 weeks (1 session every three days).90% of the targets in the training group appear in the positive word position and 10% of the targets appear in the neutral word position, while 90% of the targets in the placebo group appear in the neutral word position and 10% of the targets appear in the positive word position.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes of attentional bias score | Attentional bias score tested by a typical dot-probe task | pre-training, post-training(2 weeks after pre-training), follow-ups(1-week,2-week,4-week,7-week,3-month( booster pre-training), 4-month (booster post-training), 5-month,6-month,12-month after post-training) | 
| Changes of depressive symptoms | Depression symptoms tested by clinicians using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) | pre-training, post-training(2 weeks after pre-training), follow-ups(1-week,2-week,4-week,7-week,3-month( booster pre-training), 4-month (booster post-training), 5-month,6-month,12-month after post-training) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes of self-reported depressive symptoms | Self-reported depressive symptoms assessed by Beck depression scale-second version (BDI-II) | pre-training, post-training(2 weeks after pre-training), follow-ups(1-week,2-week,4-week,7-week,3-month( booster pre-training), 4-month (booster post-training), 5-month,6-month,12-month after post-training) | 
| Changes of self-reported rumination | Self-reported rumination assessed by Rumination Response Scale(RRS). | pre-training, post-training(2 weeks after pre-training), follow-ups(1-week,2-week,4-week,7-week,3-month( booster pre-training), 4-month (booster post-training), 5-month,6-month,12-month after post-training) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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attention bias modification, positive attention bias, depressive symptoms, prevention