PPAR, RXR, and VDR Expressions in Peri-implantitis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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ABSTRACT Objective: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are the irreversible destructive diseases of the periodontal and peri-implant tissues. The present study aimed to determine the receptor expressions of Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α, and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the diseased tissues around teeth and dental implants. Methods: The study consisted of three groups as group 1; healthy controls (C, n=15), group 2; periodontitis patients with stage 3 grade B (P, n=15), and group 3; peri-implantitis patients (PI, n=15). Periodontal clinical parameters as the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded. Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry staining were performed. Total inflammatory cell counts and fibroblast cell density were evaluated on H&E-stained slides while PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.

Official Title
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PPAR-γ, RXR, and VDR Expressions in Gingival Tissue Samples of Healthy Individuals, Periodontitis and Peri-implantitis Patients

Conditions
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Periodontitis, Periimplantitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Gingival biopsies


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy individuals periodontitis patients periimplantitis patients Exclusion Criteria: smokers, systemically compromised patients
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| group 1;<br>healthy controls (C, n=15), | Other: Gingival biopsies<br>* Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing.<br>|
| group 2<br>periodontitis patients with stage 3 grade B; (P, n=15) | Other: Gingival biopsies<br>* Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing.<br>|
| group 3<br>peri-implantitis patients (PI, n=15). | Other: Gingival biopsies<br>* Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inflammatory cells counts | Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were performed. Total inflammatory cell counts density were evaluated on H&E-stained slides.A cell counting frame of 10.000 µm2 area was selected under 1000x magnification. The total inflammatory cells (neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and macrophage cells) within the frame were counted as inflammatory cell counting. | 6 months | 
| Fibroblast counts | Fibroblasts counts were evaluated from H&E stained slides under 1000x magnification via a light microscope (Nikon Eclipse, E 600, Tokyo, Japan). | 6 months | 
| Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ | Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed, PPAR-γ, was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Samples were examined under 400x magnification using light microscopy (Nikon Eclipse, E 600, Tokyo, Japan). | During histological processing | 
| Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α | Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing and immunohistochemistry staining were performed, RXR-α was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Samples were examined under 400x magnification using light microscopy (Nikon Eclipse, E 600, Tokyo, Japan). | 6 months | 
| Vitamin D receptor (VDR) | . Gingival biopsies were obtained from all participants and biopsy samples underwent histological tissue processing and immunohistochemistry staining were performed, VDR was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Samples were examined under 400x magnification using light microscopy (Nikon Eclipse, E 600, Tokyo, Japan). | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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RXR, periodontitis, periimplantitis, VDR