Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in Obese Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Considering that the failure of the treatment of obesity is justified by the multifactorial pathophysiology of this morbidity, the present project has the following hypotheses: The occurrence of obesity is due to the derange,ent of mitochondrial energy metabolism ; The unbalance is therapeutically modified through physical training ; Obesity courses with the break-down in energy metabolism mitochondrial disease associated with systemic inflammatory characteristics that can be corrected through a combined long-term physical training program. This study have as objective : to analyse changes in mitochondrial function, inflammatory profile, oxidative stress and energy metabolism caused by concurrent physical training in obese women.

Detailed Description
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Specific objectives: Body composition by deuterium oxide; Metabolic rate of resting and oxidation of substrates by indirect calorimetry; Proinflammatory cytokines Anti-inflammatory cytokines Oxidative Stress: Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione-Peroxidase; Fatty acids: ceramide and palmitate; Mitochondrial respiration and citrate synthase enzyme; Quantify and qualify: mitochondrial number, endoplasmic reticulum structure, adipose cell size; Gene expression, quantify by microscopy and analyze the protein by western blot. The study began with 20 women, however, there was withdrawal of 6, ending with 14 women.

Official Title
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Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in Obese Women Undergoing Concurrent Physical Training

Conditions
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Metabolism Disorder, Mitochondrial Alteration, Physical Activity, Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Physical Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: This study included women with obesity (BMI of 30 to 40 kg / m²), sedentary, with no associated comorbidity, convenience sample Exclusion Criteria: Women who have undergone bariatric surgery, menopause, cancer or any metabolic disease, smokers, alcoholics, who are in use of drugs that act directly on the metabolism and that have medical impediment to the practice of physical exercise.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Physical Training<br>There was concurrent physical training intervention: strength and aerobic exercises in the same session. Duration: 2 weeks of adaptation and learning to exercise, 8 weeks of physical training. Frequency: 3 times per week Duration: 55 minutes each session. Intensity: 75 to 90% of maximum heart rate. | Other: Physical Training<br>* Intervention with concurrent physical training: strength and aerobic exercises in the same session. Duration: 2 weeks of adaptation to physical exercise, 8 weeks of training. Frequency: 3 times a week. Time: 55 minutes each session. Intensity: 75 to 90% of maximum heart rate.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes Body weight | Body weight was measured by digital balance before and after the intervention | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes Body composition | The change in body composition through deuterium oxide was evaluated. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes White adipose tissue biopsy | A subcutaneous tissue sample was collected for analysis of: mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase enzyme, gene expression (UCP1, 2 and 3). | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes Indirect calorimetry | With a gas analyzer (indirect calorimeter), we evaluated the metabolic rate and rest (REE) and oxidation of substrates (Lipids and carbohydrates). | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes in fatty acids | Collected in lithium heparin tubes, they were centrifuged. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes oxidative stress | Collected in lithium heparin tubes, they were centrifuged. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes inflammatory cytokines | Collected in lithium heparin tubes, they were centrifuged. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes in total cholesterol | Collected in lithium heparin tubes, they were centrifuged. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes Physical Performance | Based on the Shuttle Walking Test adaptation. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes in Determination of Lactate | Blood samples were collected by manual puncture of the earlobe in previously calibrated and heparinized capillary tubes, stored in eppendorf with sodium fluoride. Analyzed by electrochemical lactate analyser. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes Food intake | Food registry of 3 days, the quantification of the daily intake of nutrients will still be made using software. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes Nitrogen Balance | Through the collection of urine of 24 hours the dosage of urinary nitrogen will be made by the chemiluminescence method for determination of protein nitrogen. | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention | 
| Changes Telomere length | peripheral blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes and genomic DNA was automatically extracted from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell. The relative quantification of Telomere length was determined using the telomere to single copy gene ratio by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). | Two times: (1) First day and (2) 10 weeks after adaptation and intervention |