Breakfast Cereals Consumed in Dairy and Non-dairy Medium: the Effects on Blood Glucose, Satiety and Food Intake

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The effects of dairy-free products consumed with a breakfast meal on food intake and glycaemic regulation remain unexplored. It is known that dairy products are an excellent source of protein, low glycaemic sugar lactose, calcium, and vitamin D. In our recent study the consumption of a dairy snack with high protein content resulted in reduced blood glucose response compared to non-dairy snack with the similar amount of available carbohydrate. The investigators hypothesize that the ad libitum intake of breakfast cereals served with a high-protein fermented dairy product will result in reduced and sustained blood glucose response compared to non-dairy control. The objective of this study is to investigate how dairy and non-dairy cultured products used as carriers for breakfast granola cereals and consumed ad libitum affect short-term food intake, satiety, and glycaemia within two hours.

Official Title
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The Effect of Dairy and Non-Dairy Cultured Products Added to Breakfast Cereals on Satiation, Satiety, Blood Glucose Control and Short-Term Food Intake in Young Adults

Conditions
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Blood Glucose, Eating, Food

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Food


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy females Exclusion Criteria: Overweight or obese Breakfast skippers Have any chronic metabolic diseases Smokers Taking medications

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 28 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Breakfast meal with granola cereal and cultured dairy<br> | Other: Food<br>* The intervention represents a breakfast meal (cereals with cultured products) or breakfast skipping (water control)<br>|
| Experimental: Breakfast meal with granola cereal and cultured non-dairy<br> | Other: Food<br>* The intervention represents a breakfast meal (cereals with cultured products) or breakfast skipping (water control)<br>|
| Experimental: Water<br>Energy-free control | Other: Food<br>* The intervention represents a breakfast meal (cereals with cultured products) or breakfast skipping (water control)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postprandial blood glucose concentration | The concentration of blood glucose in venous blood after the ad libitum breakfast meal or water control. | 0-120 minutes | 
| Subjective feeling of appetite | The subjective assessment of appetite parameters including desire to eat, fullness, hunger and a prospectiove food consumption measured with 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales with two opposite statements at each end (e.g., for the hunger scale, 0 mm means not hungry at all, and 100 mm means very hungry). | 0-120 minutes | 
| Ad libitum food intake | The amount of energy (kcal) consumed ad libitum with the breakfast meal or water control and with the test meal (pizza lunch) two hour later. | 0-120 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Circulatory insulin concentration | The concentration of insulin in blood | 0-120 minutes | 
| Subjective feeling of physical comfort | The subjective assessment of wellness and gastrointestinal symptoms including feeling of nausea, diarrhoea, flatulence and other parameters measured with 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales with two opposite statements at each end. | 0-120 minutes | 
| Subjective feeling of food palatability (pleasantness) | The pleasantness of the breakfast meal and pizza meal measured with 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales with two opposite statements at each end.(e.g., 0 mm means that food is not pleasant at all, and 100 mm means that the food is very pleasant). | 0, 120 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Breakfast, Blood glucose, Food intake, Satiety