Impact of Infant Feeding on Newborn Metabolomic Profile

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is the evaluation with untargeted modalities, of the urine metabolomic profile in a group of infants fed with a standard formula, a group of infants fed with a formula supplemented with functional ingredients and a group of breast-fed infants.

Detailed Description
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Metabolomics is of particular interest in the field of nutrition, since nutrients interact with a number of targets, metabolic pathways and functions. A suitable biofluid to study nutrient intake is urine, which is the most commonly used biological sample for metabolomic analysis and can be collected with simple and non-invasive methods. Up to now, no studies have investigated healthy term infants metabolome and its modulation according to different dietary regimens such as formula-feeding or breastfeeding. The aim of this study is to evaluate, with untargeted modalities, the urine metabolomic profile of a group of infants fed with a standard formula, a group of infants fed with a formula supplemented with functional ingredients and a group of breast-fed infants. Formula-fed infants participate to PLA-LENI-09 study (NCT01197365). We have included also a control group of breast-fed infants, as, from a scientific point of view, they represent the gold standard and no data are available on their metabolomic profile.

Official Title
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Impact of Infant Feeding on Newborn Metabolomic Profile

Conditions
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Formula Feeding of Healthy Full Term Infants, Breast Feeding of Healthy Full Term Infants

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Infant formula with GOS, beta-palmitate, acidified milk
* Other: Standard infant formula without functional ingredients
* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Infants being exclusively either breastfed or formula-fed by the 21st day of life Infants of both sexes born with natural or caesarian delivery Gestational age between 37 and 42 completed weeks Birth weight between 10th and 90th percentile of birth weight for gestational age, according to the North-Italian growth charts Single birth Caucasian parents Exclusion Criteria: Infants with genetic and/or congenital diseases Infants receiving antibiotic therapy Infants with neonatal diseases requiring hospitalisation for longer than 7 days Infants at risk for atopy and/or having familial history for atopy Mothers with metabolic or chronic diseases Infant selected for another clinical study Parents refusing to sign a written informed consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 21 Days

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: GROUP 1<br>Infant formula supplemented with with functional ingredients (galacto-oligosaccharides, beta-palmitate, fermented milk). Infant formula with functional ingredients is in compliance with Directive 2006/141/CE on infant formulae and follow-on formulae. | Other: Infant formula with GOS, beta-palmitate, acidified milk<br>* Infant formula supplemented with functional ingredients (galacto-oligosaccharides, beta-palmitate, acidified milk. Infant formula with functional ingredients is in compliance with Directive 2006/141/CE on infant formulae and follow-on formulae.<br>|
| Other: GROUP 2<br>Standard infant formula, in compliance with Directive 2006/141/CE on infant formulae and follow-on formulae, without functional ingredients. | Other: Standard infant formula without functional ingredients<br>* Standard infant formula, in compliance with Directive 2006/141/CE on infant formulae and follow-on formulae, without functional ingredients.<br>|
| Other: CONTROL GROUP<br>Breast milk | Other: No intervention<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Metabolite patterns associated with different dietary regimens | Urine will be analysed using 1H-NMR. Data will be analyzed through the use of software products to enable the discovery of hundreds of different metabolites involved in multiple pathways and connected with different conditions. The metabolites on which the univariate analysis will be performed are the most important revealed by the multivariate analysis (VIP variables) and Student's statistical test will be performed. | At enrolment, after 60 and 135 days of life | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Acidified milk, Beta-palmitate, Bifidobacteria, Breastfeeding, Infant formula, Galacto-oligosaccharides, Growth, Infants, Metabolomics, Prebiotics