Scientifically Merged Acupuncture and Robot-assisted Technology (SMART) for Rehabilitation of Frozen Shoulder Syndrome: Second-year Project-Comparison of Robot and Conventional Physiotherapy (Including Preliminary Test on Healthy Volunteers)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Disability of upper limbs due to neurologic and orthopedic disorder or injuries is commonly seen clinically. For example paralysis or paresis of upper limb due to stroke is relatively prevalent, and it may result in severe muscle weakness, pain, contracture, spasticity and disability. These patients need early and regular rehabilitation to regain their function and prevent unnecessary complications such as contracture and disuse atrophy. Proper rehabilitation is important but the challenge is also great. However, rehabilitation training is a very labor-intensive task in which one to one treatment is essential and that will restrict the number of patients served. Moreover, patients receiving home programs are difficult to supervise, resulting in reduced training effect and delayed functional recovery. In order to reduce related cost (including time, personnel, facilities, and expense, etc.) of rehabilitation in hospitals or clinics, this Robot research team had developed a prototype of upper-limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot and its related technology and human-robot interaction. This robot is used to serve the rehabilitation need of those patients suffering from upper extremities dysfunctions and also can provide careful designed therapeutic program of upper limbs including shoulder and elbow joint exercises. Its control software also provides a therapeutic management system with intelligence and ergonomic consideration. This work was funded by National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) since 2008 and has applied for both the U.S. and Taiwan (ROC) patents, where the latter has been approved in Nov. 2011. The clinical trial was firstly approved by Research Ethics Committee B of NTUH in 2009 and finally approved by Department of Health (DOH) in April 2011. This team had completed the clinical trial for healthy subjects and pre-clinical trial for stroke patients. Based upon this experience an innovative and intelligent SMART Robot Rehabilitation System for Frozen Shoulder Syndrome is proposed to prove its safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.

Official Title
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Scientifically Merged Acupuncture and Robot-assisted Technology (SMART) for Rehabilitation of Frozen Shoulder Syndrome: Second-year Project-Comparison of Robot and Conventional Physiotherapy (Including Preliminary Test on Healthy Volunteers)

Conditions
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Adhesive Capsulitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Upper limb rehabilitation robot
* Other: Physical therapy
* Device: Electroacupuncture


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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[Healthy Volunteers] Inclusion Criteria: Age from 20 to 65 years old Good physical condition Exclusion Criteria: Unconsciousness History of stroke Medical disease (Heart disease, cancer) Shoulder lesions Severe osteoporosis Arrhythmia and with pacemaker device [Subjects] Inclusion Criteria: Age from 20 to 65 years old Diagnosis as adhesive capsulitis Exclusion Criteria: History of humeral fracture or trauma event around shoulder girdle Central nervous system disease Shockwave or injection therapy at shoulder joint in past 6 months History or planning for operation at shoulder girdle Subject within our criteria will receive both examination with ultrasound and treatment, however, there is some limitations for subjects who will be approved examination at shoulder girdle with magnetic resonance imaging: Claustrophobia Metal implant (Pacemaker, artificial valve prosthesis, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, nerve stimulator, in vivo drugs delivery system, intraocular implant, cochlear implants, Swan-Ganz catheter, arterial clips, bullets or metal fragments) Renal insufficiency (Estimated creatinine clearance < 90 mL/min) Pregnancy and breast milk feeding

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Robot-assisted group<br>Electroacupuncture, physical therapy and upper limb rehabilitation robot | Device: Upper limb rehabilitation robot<br>* Upper limb rehabilitation robot is to carry out passive shoulder joint movements including shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, shoulder horizontal-abduction and shoulder rotation.<br>Other: Physical therapy<br> <br> Device: Electroacupuncture<br> <br> |
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>Electroacupuncture and physical therapy | Other: Physical therapy<br> <br> Device: Electroacupuncture<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) | The DASH is a self-report questionnaire (30 items) that measures physical function and symptoms in people with musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb. The questionnaire can be used to assess any or all joints in the upper limb. The questionnaire records symptoms as well as activity performance. The DASH includes two optional modules relating to Work or Sports/Performing Arts. A shorter version of the DASH, the QuickDASH is available. However, the DASH provides greater precision for monitoring individual arm pain and function and hence is recommended for use in the clinical setting. | One year | 
| Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) | The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a self-administered questionnaire that consists of two dimensions, one for pain and the other for functional activities. The pain dimension consists of five questions regarding the severity of an individual's pain. Functional activities are assessed with eight questions designed to measure the degree of difficulty an individual has with various activities of daily living that require upper-extremity use. The SPADI takes 5 to 10 minutes for a patient to complete and is the only reliable and valid region-specific measure for the shoulder. | One year | 
| Passive and Active Range of Motion | The range of motion represents the distance (linear or angular)between the proximal and distal part of target joint. | One year | 
| Musculoskeletal Ultrasound | Ultrasonic evaluation of coracohumeral ligament thickness, integrity of supraspinatus tendon and subdeltoid bursa | One year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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acupuncture,frozen shoulder,robot,sonography,MRI