Chemerin and Interleukin-6 Levels of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Obese Individuals Following Periodontal Treatment

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective in this case-control intervention study, therefore, was to explore the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the GCF levels of chemerin and IL-6 in patients with chronic periodontitis in order to determine the usefulness of chemerin as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of periodontal disease.

Detailed Description
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All individuals underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination, which included probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP). BMI and WHR were used for assessing obesity. In addition, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels were used for elimination of diabetes mellitus. Based on the periodontal and anthropometric measurements, individuals (n=72) were divided into four groups: the periodontal-healthy group (n=18), chronic periodontitis group (n=18), periodontal-healthy with obesity group (n=18) and chronic periodontitis with obesity group (n=18). Periodontitis patients received nonsurgical periodontal therapy. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal parameters were assessed before and 6 weeks after therapy. Chemerin and IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Official Title
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Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on the Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Chemerin in Obese Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Conditions
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Obesity, Periodontitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Non-surgical periodontal treatment
* Other: Gingival crevicular fluid collection


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 32-53 years of age had a minimum of 20 natural teeth, excluding third molars 3) glycosylated hemoglobi levels <6% 4) fasting plasma glucose levels <100 mg/dl. 5-) Criteria for the periodontal healthy group were GI = 0, PPD≤ 3 mm, and no signs of attachment and bone loss by clinical and radiographic examination. 6-) Criteria for the chronic periodontitis group were clinical signs of inflammation (red color and swelling of the gingival margin), GI ≥ 2, PPD and CAL ≥ 5 mm, and bone loss affecting >30% of the existing teeth on clinical and radiographic examination. 7-) Criteria for obese groups were 30≤ BMI <40 kg/m2, and concomitant WHR ≥0.85 for females and WHR ≥0.90 for males. 8-) Criteria for normal-weight groups were 20≤ BMI <25 kg/m2, and WHR below that determined for obesity. Exclusion Criteria: Aggressive periodontitis Periapical pathologies Excessive forces including mechanical forces from orthodontics and occlusion Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus; cancer; human immunodeficiency virus; or disorders that could affect adipokines levels and the periodontal conditions) Chronic high-dose steroid therapy, radiation or immunosuppressive therapy Pregnancy, lactation Smoking within the past five years, or allergy or sensitivity to any drug Had no history of periodontal therapy or drug therapy (e.g., anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, or any other pharmacological treatment) for at least six months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 32 Years
Maximum Age: 53 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Healthy periodontium without obesity<br>GCF samples were taken at baseline Intervention: Gingival crevicular fluid collection | Other: Gingival crevicular fluid collection<br>* GCF collection with filter paper (Periopaper) using the intracrevicular method.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Chronic periodontitis without obesity<br>GCF samples were taken before and after treatment chronic periodontitis patients. Intervention: Non-surgical periodontal treatment (SRP and oral hygiene instructions) | Other: Non-surgical periodontal treatment<br>* SRP under local anaesthesia, in a total of 2-3 clinical visits. Oral hygiene instructions including the modified Bass technique, regular toothpaste, and an appropriate interdental cleaning device with dental floss and interdental brush.<br>Other: Gingival crevicular fluid collection<br>* GCF collection with filter paper (Periopaper) using the intracrevicular method.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Healthy periodontium with obesity<br>GCF samples were taken at baseline Intervention: Gingival crevicular fluid collection | Other: Gingival crevicular fluid collection<br>* GCF collection with filter paper (Periopaper) using the intracrevicular method.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Chronic periodontitis with obesity<br>GCF samples were taken before and after treatment chronic periodontitis patients. Intervention: Non-surgical periodontal treatment (SRP and oral hygiene instructions) | Other: Non-surgical periodontal treatment<br>* SRP under local anaesthesia, in a total of 2-3 clinical visits. Oral hygiene instructions including the modified Bass technique, regular toothpaste, and an appropriate interdental cleaning device with dental floss and interdental brush.<br>Other: Gingival crevicular fluid collection<br>* GCF collection with filter paper (Periopaper) using the intracrevicular method.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chemerin | The changes in levels of chemerin 6 weeks after periodontal treatment determined by ELISA. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Probing pocket depth | The changes in probing pocket depth after periodontal treatment.Probing pocket depth was measured for determining severity of disease and clinic outcome. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 
| Clinical attachment level | The changes in clinical attachment level after periodontal treatment. Clinical attachment level was measured for determining severity of disease and clinic outcome. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 
| Gingival index | The changes in gingival index after periodontal treatment. Gingival index was recorded for classifying and evaluating (coronally) gingival inflammation. Also, gingival index was also analyzed to detect the relationship between chemerin and interleukin-6. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 
| Plaque index | The changes in plaque index after periodontal treatment. Plaque index was recorded for determining and classifying oral hygiene status. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 
| Bleeding on probing | The changes in bleeding on probing after periodontal treatment. Bleeding on probing was recorded for classifying and evaluating (apically) gingival inflammation. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 
| Interleukin-6 | The changes in levels of Interleukin-6 alfa 6 weeks after periodontal treatment determined by ELISA. | Baseline and 6 weeks after treatment | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Chemerin, Interleukin-6, Gingival crevicular fluid