Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Solution in Decreasing the Incidence of Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Radio Contrast Induced Nephropathy (RCIN) remains a well recognized complication in patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional procedures requiring radiographic contrast agents. Recent studies have shown benefit in administering Sodium Bicarbonate over normal saline( the uniformly accepted prophylaxy) in preventing RCIN.Therefore the aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate solved in normal saline compared with infusion of normal saline in prevention of RCIN.

Detailed Description
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Radio Contrast Induced Nephropathy (RCIN) remains a well recognized complication in patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional procedures requiring radiographic contrast agents and is the third leading cause of acquired acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. Strategies for the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy have focused on countering vasoconstriction (pre-hydration, fenoldopam, and theophylline), enhancing flow through the nephron (diuretics), or protection against oxygen-free-radical injury (urinary alkalinization and N-acetylcysteine). Among all prophylactic measures that have been proposed, adequate preprocedural and postprocedural hydration has demonstrated effectiveness in the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy. Thus, it remains the most frequently applied measure in clinical practice. A Recent study in May 2004 have shown benefit in administering Sodium Bicarbonate over normal saline as a prophylaxy.Since alkalizing renal tubular fluid with bicarbonate may reduce injury. Comparisons: IV 154 mEq/L solution of NaCl 0.9% OR IV 154 mEq/ L sodium bicarbonate solved in 154 mEq/ L NaCl 0.9%. Each fluid is infused at the rate of 3 ml/kg/ hour one hour before the angiographic procedure, continuing at the rate of 1 ml/kg/ hour for 6 hours after the procedure. Maximum rate of fluid permitted is that for a body weight of 110 Kg.

Official Title
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Comparing Sodium Bicarbonate Plus Isotonic Normal Saline Versus Isotonic Normal Saline Alone to Prevent Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Contrast Induced Nephropathy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Sodium Bicarbonate plus normal saline 0.9%
* Drug: normal saline 0.9%


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: individuals aged 18 years or older with stable serum creatinine levels of at least 1.5 mg/dl , who were scheduled to undergo diagnostic or therapeutic coronary artery angiography during the next 24 hours of hospitalization and were available until 5 days after the procedure for serum creatinine measurements. Exclusion Criteria: serum creatinine levels of more than 8 mg/dl previous history of dialysis eGFR < 20 emergency catheterization recent exposure to radiographic contrast agents (within previous two days of the study) radiocontrast agent dosage needed more than 300 cc during the procedure allergy to radiocontrast agent pregnancy administration of dopamine, mannitol , fenoldopam or N-Acetyl Cystein during the intended time of study need for continuous hydration therapy (e.g. sepsis ) history of Multiple myeloma , Pulmonary edema , Uncontrolled hypertension (treated systolic blood pressure more than 160 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure more than 100mmHg.) ,Severe heart failure (EF < 30% or NYHA 3-4).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 1<br>1075 cc of 154 mEq/L solution of NaCl 0.9% , prepared by adding 75 cc of 154 mEq/L NaCl 0.9 % to 1000 cc of 154 mEq/L NaCl 0.9% | Drug: normal saline 0.9%<br>* IV 154 mEq/L solution of NaCl 0.9% (infused at the rate of 3 ml/kg/ hour one hour before the angiographic procedure, continuing at the rate of 1 ml/kg/ hour for 6 hours after the procedure. Maximum rate of fluid permitted is that for a body weight of 110 Kg.)<br>|
| Active Comparator: 2<br>1075 cc fluid made by adding 75 cc of sodium bicarbonate 8.4% to 1000 cc of 154 mEq/ L NaCl 0.9%. | Drug: Sodium Bicarbonate plus normal saline 0.9%<br>* IV sodium bicarbonate 8.4% solved in 154 mEq/ L NaCl 0.9% (infused at the rate of 3 ml/kg/ hour one hour before the angiographic procedure, continuing at the rate of 1 ml/kg/ hour for 6 hours after the procedure. Maximum rate of fluid permitted is that for a body weight of 110 Kg.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| development of contrast induced nephropathy defined as an absolute (> or = 0.5 mg/dl) or relative increase (> or = 25%) in serum creatinine at 48 hours after exposure to a contrast agent compared to baseline serum creatinine values. |  | at 48 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| development of contrast induced nephropathy defined as an absolute (> or = 0.5 mg/dl) or relative increase (> or = 25%) in serum creatinine at 5 days after exposure to a contrast agent compared to baseline serum creatinine values. |  | at day 5 | 
| Days in hospital within the month post contrast |  | whithin the month post contrast | 
| Urine PH after initial bolus |  | whithin 6 hours after initial bolus | 
| development of contrast induced nephropathy defined as at least 25% decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 48 hours. |  | at 48 hours | 
| development of contrast induced nephropathy defined as at least 25% decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at day 5. |  | at day 5 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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kidney, angiography, complications, contrast media, prevention