The Effects of Massage Therapy on Term Neonates Development and on Maternal Bonding

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study collects data from 2 groups of mother- term neonate pairs at the Neonatal Department of Children Hospital II, Ho Chi Minh City (in group M: neonates are massaged by their mothers during the first 2 months after birth, in group X: neonates are not massaged), and then, evaluates the effects of Massage Therapy on the mental and physical development of neonates and on maternal bonding (breast feeding, postnatal depression) during the first 2 months after birth.

Detailed Description
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Infant Massage has been known for a long time, almost as far back as the first time it was recorded around 1800 BC. This was one of the original forms of medicine before the medical revolution broke out in the 1940s. To date, more than 600 studies have been published on the effects of weight gain on massaged infants, primarily in preterm infants. In addition, the latest research also helps identify other effects such as shortening hospital time, better sleep, reducing pain, crying less, strengthen immunity, reducing bilirubin in neonates with jaundice. On the other hand, the effect of the parent direct massage for children is also determined, the reports show an improvement in the parent-child interaction, increase breastfeeding, and reduce breastfeeding. The rate of postpartum depression reduced significantly. Steps to proceed Step 1: Randomly select 2 groups of mother- term neonate pairs by letting every mother, who matching with eligibility criteria, draw 1 of 120 same color and size lotteries in which include 1 to 120 numbers randomly drawn from a web page https://stattrek.com/statistics/random-number-generator.aspx . There are 2 groups of mother - term neonate pairs (60 pairs each): Group M: neonates are massaged by their mothers during the first 2 months after birth. Mothers in this group will be given instructions on breastfeeding, and massage therapy (by principal investigator as International Association of Infant Massage Certified Instructor) in 2 days before discharge, and mothers will record Parenting Dairy form (The diary includes the number of defecation times, the number of spitting up times, the number of crying times over 15 minutes, the number of massage times, and the sleep time during the day) Group X: neonates are not massaged. Mothers in this group will be given instructions on breastfeeding only, and they will record Dairy of taking care baby form like the other group. Step 2: At 1 day after discharge, the investigator make a phone call with mothers of group M to track and remind them massage for their babies. Step 3: At the time of 10 days before the baby turn 1 month - old and 2 month - old, the investigator make a phone call with mothers in both groups to track and remind massage for children (group M), as well as the record Parenting Dairy (both groups) Step 4: At the time the child turn 1 month - old and 2 month - old, the investigator make a home visit to both groups, let mothers perform Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, collect data from Parenting Dairy, assess the height - weight - head circle of the babies.

Official Title
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The Effects of Massage Therapy on Mental and Physical Development of Term Neonates and on Maternal Bonding.

Conditions
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Infant Development, Breastfeeding, Postnatal Depression

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: infant massage


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Group of mother and neonate at Neonatal Department of Children Hospital II, Ho Chi Minh City neonate: full term, not low birth weight, 0 - 15 days of age, diagnosed with one of the following conditions and has been treated stably: uncomplicated neonatal infection, uncomplicated pneumonia, non umbilical cord infection, uncomplicated neonatal jaundice mother: live in Ho Chi Minh City Exclusion Criteria: If the mother or neonate has the criteria to eliminate: Mother with mental illness, developmental disorder, prenatal depression, not directly caring for children. Neonate with multiple deformities, asphyxia, severe jaundice with complication, cow's milk allergy, heart/ lung/central nervous system defects.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Day
Maximum Age: 15 Days

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: massage<br>neonates are massaged by their mother during the first 2 months after birth. | Behavioral: infant massage<br>* Mother will be trained how to massage their babies by International Association of Infant Massage (IAIM) Certified Infant Massage Instructor, and then their babies will be massaged by themselves during the first 2 months after birth.<br>|
| No Intervention: control<br>neonates are not massaged. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The rate of pairs that have Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scored > 12 | When home visiting, the investigator let the mother do Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | at the day baby turns 1 month of age | 
| The rate of pairs that have Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scored > 12 | When home visiting, the investigator let the mother do Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | at the day baby turns 2 month of age | 
| Change of the number of crying times over 15 minutes at 2 month - old - infant | When home visiting, the investigator collect from Parenting Dairy | 2 months after birth | 
| The rate of pairs that have breastfeeding | When home visiting, the investigator collect from Parenting Dairy | at the day baby turns 1 month of age | 
| The rate of pairs that have breastfeeding | When home visiting, the investigator collect from Parenting Dairy | at the day baby turns 2 month of age | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The mean of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | When home visiting, the investigator let the mother do Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | at the day baby turns 1 month of age | 
| The mean of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | When home visiting, the investigator let the mother do Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | at the day baby turns 2 month of age | 
| Change of the number of defecation times at 2 month - old - infant | When home visiting, the investigator collect from Parenting Dairy | 2 months after birth | 
| Change of the number of spitting up at 2 month - old - infant | When home visiting, the investigator collect from Parenting Dairy | 2 months after birth | 
| Change of weight at 2 month - old - infant | When home visiting, the investigator assess the weight of infant | 2 months after birth | 
| Change of height at 2 month - old - infant | When home visiting, the investigator assess the height of infant | 2 months after birth | 
| Change of head circle at 2 month - old - infant | When home visiting, the investigator assess the head circle of infant | 2 months after birth | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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infant massage