Airway Inflammatory Profile Among Cleaning Workers From Different Workplaces

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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There are consistent evidences through epidemiologic studies in different places, reinforced by occupational asthma records studies, that cleaning workers have a high risk in developing asthma. These risk determinants are not totally known. The air around the worker may have some higher and lower molecular weight with different concentration peaks from removed dust of the cleaning process and volatile substances from cleaning products. Cleaning activities may occur in different places. Although the relationship between rhinitis and asthma is already established, there are not many studies about occupational rhinitis-related work place. This study aimed to investigate airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms of cleaning workers from different workplaces.

Detailed Description
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Were recruited to participate in the study individuals from four different workplaces: Hospital; University; Housekeeper and Control (office workers). The research was performed in Cacoal city, Rondonia, Brazil. Smokers (active), pregnant, lactating, and individuals at continuing therapy for treating disorders of the airways were excluded. Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees evaluation were performed using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module. Nasal swab was collected for evaluation of upper airways inflammation, according to Ronchetti et al protocol, using a sterile swab that was moistened with 1mL saline solution; both nostrils were scraped using this swab. Twenty minutes after this, laminas were stained using May-Grunwald-Giemsa to eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells identification. Cells were analyzed using a Nikon E600 optical microscope (Nikon, Canada), of 1.000 x magnitude. Whenever possible a total of 200 cells were counted in two slides. Statistical analysis were performed using Anova variance (Kruskal-Wallis) and Dunn's test for comparisons between groups. To evaluate the association between the qualitative variables we used the chi-square, Statistical software Sigma Plot 12.0 and SPSS 21.0. The confidence interval was 95% (p <0.05).

Official Title
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Airway Inflammatory Profile Among Cleaning Workers From Different Workplaces

Conditions
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Inflammation, Work Related Illnesses, Symptoms and Signs, Asthma, Occupational, Rhinitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Nasal swab
* Other: Questionnaires


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Cleaning workers from different workplaces Non-cleaning workers (control group) People legally capable (over 18 years old) Must be able to nasal swab collection and answer questionnaires Sign the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: Smokers (active) Pregnant (women) Lactating (women) Not accept the informed consent form Individuals at continuing therapy for airways treating disorders

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: : This study included 167 participants, divided in four groups based on workplace: Hospital, University, Housekeeper and Control. Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation. Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Hospital<br>Hospital cleaning workers Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation. Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated. | Other: Nasal swab<br>* Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation.<br>Other: Questionnaires<br>* Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated.<br>|
| Experimental: University<br>Campus (university) cleaning workers Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation. Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated. | Other: Nasal swab<br>* Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation.<br>Other: Questionnaires<br>* Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated.<br>|
| Experimental: Housekeeper<br>Housemaid (cleaning workers) Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation. Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated. | Other: Nasal swab<br>* Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation.<br>Other: Questionnaires<br>* Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated.<br>|
| Experimental: Control<br>Office workers (no relationship to cleaning) Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation. Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated. | Other: Nasal swab<br>* Nasal swab was collect to upper airways inflammation evaluation.<br>Other: Questionnaires<br>* Clinical profile and respiratory symptoms employees' evaluation were performed using specific questionnaires (European Community Respiratory Health Survey for occupational diseases evaluation (ECRHS), (adapted by Ribeiro et al, 2007) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Asthma module, previously translated and validated.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Measure of respiratory symptoms | Questionnaires to analyze respiratory symptons | One day | 
| Cell differentiation for the evaluation of nasal epithelial inflammation | Nasal swab will be collected to analyze cell differentiation | One day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cleaning workers, Work-related asthma, Work-related rhinitis, Nasal swab, Respiratory symptoms