Comparison of the Increment of Neuromuscular Parameters in Vegetarians and Non-vegetarians

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
A strength training session promotes increased muscle sensitivity to protein synthesis, which lasts for 24 hours after its closure. Recent studies have shown that the subsequent intake to the training session of approximately 20g or 0.24g / kg of high-quality protein in the same meal induces a plateau in this synthesis. Thus, this study aims to compare the muscular strength between vegetarian and omnivorous athletes with adequate protein intake to reach this plateau. It will recruit 64 university sportsmen who have maintained vegetarian or omnivorous diet for at least 6 months, totalizing 32 individuals per group. After signing the Term of Consent, participants will be submitted to anthropometric and body composition assessment (via DEXA), neuromuscular tests [(ie, muscle strength - 1RM, peak torque of knee extensors (JE), muscle thickness of JE and cohort analysis (ANCOVA) will be used in order to compare the results of the study, and to compare the results of the covariance analysis (ANCOVA). the levels of the neuromuscular parameters between the groups, considering the initial values of the force and the initial muscular thickness as covariables, the other parameters will be presented in the form of mean and standard deviation or median, the differences will be considered significant for values of p <0, 05. Expected to find no differences in strength and muscle thickness between vegetarians and omnivores after adequate protein intake.

Official Title
-----------------
Comparison of Strength and Muscle Thickness of Recreational Sports Individuals With Vegetarian or Non-vegetarian Food Standards Adequate in Proteins

Conditions
-----------------
Strength Training, Dietary Proteins, Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Strength training
* Other: Protein intake


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Be over the age of 19 and under 60; Have BMI <30 kg / m²; Be vegetarian or omnivorous for at least 6 months; Have not exercised regularly for at least 6 months. Be available to practice bodybuilding at School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, 2x / week, for 3 months, free (times to combine). Exclusion Criteria Be vegan, vegetarian lacto or vegetarian egg Be a carrier of chronic diseases; Present physical limitations or musculoskeletal problems, which contraindicate the performance of strength exercises; Failure to adhere to the proposed dietary modifications, relating to the adequacy of the portion of protein per meal, due to financial unfeasibility (low income condition); Use of protein or amino acid, caffeine or other thermogenic food supplements.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: vegetarian<br>Individuals who do not consume meat (vegetarian dietary pattern) will undergo strength training sessions and guidance on protein intake (at least 20g for breakfast, lunch, and dinner) | Other: Strength training<br>* 24 strength training sessions, with approximately 1 hour duration, that will occur 2x/week<br>Other: Protein intake<br>* Guidance on the adequacy of protein intake (at least 20g of protein in breakfast, lunch and dinner)<br>|
| Active Comparator: non vegetarian<br>Individuals who do consume meat (non vegetarian dietary pattern) will undergo strength training sessions and guidance on protein intake (at least 20g for breakfast, lunch, and dinner) | Other: Strength training<br>* 24 strength training sessions, with approximately 1 hour duration, that will occur 2x/week<br>Other: Protein intake<br>* Guidance on the adequacy of protein intake (at least 20g of protein in breakfast, lunch and dinner)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle Thickness (mm) | To compare muscle thickness (mm) of the femoral quadriceps by Ultrasound, among vegetarian and omnivorous participants. | At the14th week of study participation. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maximal strength (kg) | To compare maximal strength (kg), using the one- repetition maximum test (1RM) for bilateral knee extension exercises. Each subject's maximal load was determined with no more than five attempts and an adequate amount of recovery time was permitted between each attempt (3-5min). Each valid repetition was considered when subjects performed full knee extension with proper technique. | At the 14th week of study participation. | 
| Isometric peak torque (PTiso) (N.m) | To compare knee extensors Isometric peak torque (N.m), defined as the highest value of the torque recorded during unilateral knee extension, using an isokinetic dynamometer, among vegetarian and omnivorous participants. | At the 14th week of study participation. | 
| Body fat free mass (g) | To compare body fat free mass by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) evaluation, of omnivorous and vegetarian participants. | At the 14th week of study participation | 
| Body fat mass (g) | To compare body fat mass by Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) evaluation, of omnivorous and vegetarian participants. | At the14th week of study participation. | 
| Protein intake (g) | To compare daily protein intake (g) assessed by 24 hour reminder, applied in interview conducted by nutritionist, of omnivorous and vegetarian participants. | At the 14th week of study participation. |