Enamel Damages Following De-bracketing From Infiltrated Surfaces

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Demineralisation and white-spot caries often occures during MB treatment. While resin infiltration has been proved to stop progression of enamel demineralisation, there is still a paucity of information in the literature concerning the best time point of infiltration: During or following MB treatment. Infiltration during treatment requires debonding respective brackets prior to infiltration, with subsequent re-bonding. In terms of preventing enamel damages by progression of demineralisation and enamel damages by de-bonding, it is unclear whether it was better to infiltrate enamel immediately, or to better postpone until completion of MB treatment. This study thus aimes to evaluate if resin infiltration can prevent enamel damage due to bracket de-bonding.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Background: Orthodontic bracket debonding is known to cause side-effects such as enamel cracks or fractures. There is a lack of information on potential benefits or side-effects of removing brackets from infiltrated enamel, in terms of enamel damages, in vivo. Purpose: To assess enamel damages following debonding in demineralised teeth with or without prior infiltration (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany), compared to those following bracket removal from sound enamel, in order to provide guidelines for the right time point of infiltration of post-orthodontic lesions (during or following orthodontic treatment). Design: Single-center, randomized, single blinded, split-mouth controlled clinical trial Subjects: 30 subjects with fixed multi-bracket (MB) appliances treated at the orthodontic clinic of Dr. Roberto Vogel, Temuco, Chile: It is planned to include 20 consecutive patients with extensive decalcifications, and 10 patients without decalcifications. Random allocation of demineralized dental arch quadrants to the different treatment groups (debond with or without prior infiltration, and sound teeth). Investigated tooth groups: Upper and lower canines, and upper and lower incisors. Methods: Bracket bonding procedure (Transbond XT 3M, Unitek) is identical for all patients and also for the re-attachement of brackets. Teeth allocated to the infiltration group will receive bracket removal, infiltration and rebonding of new brackets 4 weeks prior to final debonding. De-bonding procedures are identical for all patients. Silicone replicas are made directly following bracket removal (prior to adhesive removal). Replica analysis is performed using a confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM780) at the Department of Cell Biology, University of Concepción, Chile.

Official Title
-----------------
Enamel Damages Following De-bracketing of Demineralised Teeth With or Without Prior Infiltration Compared to Sound Enamel: A Single-center, Randomized, Single Blinded, Split-mouth Controlled Clinical Trial

Conditions
-----------------
Dental White Spots

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: Resin infiltration
* Procedure: Bonding and debonding of brackets.


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Multibracket apparature with: At least 4 post-orthodontic white spots on front teeth (canines and / or incisors) in upper and lower jaw (study group) OR No post-orthodontic white spot or any other enamel damage - on front teeth (canines and / or incisors) in upper and lower jaw (control group) AND No cavitation of vestibular tooth surface(s) AND Patients willing to participate in the study and accepting to attend recall visits Exclusion Criteria: Cavitation of vestibular tooth surface(s) Participation in other study History of allergy towards any dental material. Subjects with any systemic and local conditions not permitting the treatment Subjects with direct or indirect restorations in maxillary central or lateral incisors. Subjects not willing to participate in the study Subjects with fractured teeth maxillary central or lateral incisors No or less than 4 post-orthodontic white spots on front teeth (canines or incisors) in upper or lower jaw (study group) Post-orthodontic white spots or any other enamel damage on front teeth or incisors (control group)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Resin infiltration and de-bonding<br>Patients with brackets and white spots are included in this group. After removal of the old brackets the quadrants are randomized to this intervention arm and the no infiltration and de-bonding arm. The teeth that are included in this intervention arm are treated by resin infiltration using Icon (DMG, Germany) according to the manufacturers´ instruction. This is followed by bonding of new brackets (Gemini metal brackets, 3M Unitek). These new brackets are finally de-bonded 4 weeks after the treatment, with silicon impressions taken before adhesive removal. Bonding and debonding of brackets is performed by one clinician (Roberto Vogel) using the same bonding and de-bonding techniques and materials for all patients. | Procedure: Resin infiltration<br>* Resin infiltration is done according to manufactures´ instructions after de-bonding of old brackets and prior bonding of new brackets.<br>* Other names: Icon (DMG, Germany), Approximal resin infiltration kit;Procedure: Bonding and debonding of brackets.<br>* Brackets (Gemini metal brackets (3M Unitek) are bonded and de-bonded by one clinician (Roberto Vogel) and using the same bonding and de-bonding techniques and materials for all patients. All brackets were finally de-bonded at the end of the treatment, with silicon impressions taken before adhesive removal.<br>* Other names: Gemini metal brackets (3M Unitek);|
| Placebo Comparator: No infiltration and de-bonding<br>Patients with brackets and white spots are included in this group. After removal of the old brackets the quadrants are randomized to this intervention arm and the resin infiltration and de-bonding arm. The teeth that are included in this intervention arm are left untreated new brackets (Gemini metal brackets, 3M Unitek) are bonded. These new brackets are finally de-bonded 4 weeks after the treatment, with silicon impressions taken before adhesive removal. Bonding and debonding of brackets is performed by one clinician (Roberto Vogel) using the same bonding and de-bonding techniques and materials for all patients. | Procedure: Bonding and debonding of brackets.<br>* Brackets (Gemini metal brackets (3M Unitek) are bonded and de-bonded by one clinician (Roberto Vogel) and using the same bonding and de-bonding techniques and materials for all patients. All brackets were finally de-bonded at the end of the treatment, with silicon impressions taken before adhesive removal.<br>* Other names: Gemini metal brackets (3M Unitek);|
| Other: Control and de-bonding<br>Patients with brackets and without white spots are included in this group. After removal of the old brackets, new brackets (Gemini metal brackets, 3M Unitek) are bonded again. These new brackets are finally de-bonded 4 weeks after the treatment, with silicon impressions taken before adhesive removal. Bonding and debonding of brackets is performed by one clinician (Roberto Vogel) using the same bonding and de-bonding techniques and materials for all patients. | Procedure: Bonding and debonding of brackets.<br>* Brackets (Gemini metal brackets (3M Unitek) are bonded and de-bonded by one clinician (Roberto Vogel) and using the same bonding and de-bonding techniques and materials for all patients. All brackets were finally de-bonded at the end of the treatment, with silicon impressions taken before adhesive removal.<br>* Other names: Gemini metal brackets (3M Unitek);|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Surface damages | Number of cracks and fractures as assessed by enamel surface analysis via silicone replicas using CLSM | 4 weeks after deboning | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
White spot lesion, Resin Infiltration, Icon, Debonding, Enamel damages, Orthodontic white spots, Orthodontics