Study of the Long-term Effects of Exercise on Heath Indicators in Older People

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the most frequent cause of death among the elderly population. Hypertension, unfavorable lipid profile, obesity and physical inactivity are among the main risk factors for CVD. In contrast, mortality from CVD is inversely related to levels of physical activity, and is lower in individuals who exercise and have higher functional fitness levels. Thus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American College of Sports Medicine, and the American Heart Association have recommended 20-30 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic training for the elderly, preferably every day or at least 3 days a week in the case of vigorous exercise.The same organizations also suggest the inclusion of resistance training in order to improve functional fitness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare different exercise modalities in long-term changes of CVD risk factors and physical fitness among older adults.

Official Title
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A Randomised Longitudinal Study of Exercise Prescription for Older Adults: Mode and Intensity to Induce the Highest Cardiovascular Health-related Benefits

Conditions
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Hypertension With Complications and Secondary Hypertension, Overweight and Obesity, Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Sarcopenia, Osteoporosis, Personal Satisfaction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Exercise training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Older adults living independently; medical approval. Exclusion Criteria: Non-smokers; Non-morbidly obese; No history of severe hypertension; No history of falls; No orthopaedic, neurological, pulmonary, or cardiac problems.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 79 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise training<br>Dose response | Behavioral: Exercise training<br>* Both training programs were of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, three days per week for nine months.<br>* Other names: multicomponent training;|
| Experimental: Aerobic and resistance exercise training<br>Dose response | Behavioral: Exercise training<br>* Both training programs were of moderate-to-vigorous intensity, three days per week for nine months.<br>* Other names: multicomponent training;|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Non-exercising control group | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | Descriptive frequency of the number of cardiovascular risk factors aggregated in each participant. The risk factors considered were: (i) hypertension; (ii) obesity; and (iii) dyslipidemia. | one year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Risk of Falls | Descriptive frequency of the number of participants who took ≥12 seconds to complete the Timed Get-up and Go test, and those who took less than 12 seconds (low risk of falling). | One year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Exercise, Blood pressure, Lipids, Body composition, Fitness, Bone density, Quality of life