A Positive Psychology Intervention for Fibromyalgia Patients Using ICT´s

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is aimed to test the efficacy of a Positive Psychology Intervention (Best Possible Self, BPS) over optimism, future expectancies and positive affect at mid-term, in comparison to a control group, in fibromyalgia patients. The principal hypothesis is that the BPS intervention will enhance significantly the levels of optimism, positive future expectancies and positive affect in comparison to the Control group at short and mid-term.

Detailed Description
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Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of positive psychological factors in pain adjustment. Specially, optimism has been linked to lower pain sensitivity, better physical functioning, less psychological distress and pain catastrophizing. Until recently, the beneficial effects of optimism on pain have been studied mostly in correlational studies or in experimental interventions in laboratory settings. To address the gap between research and clinical practice, the aim of this study is to test the efficacy of the Best Possible Self intervention (BPS) using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) with fibromyalgia patients. BPS is a guided imagery exercise that requires participants to envision themselves in the future, achieving desired goals in different areas of their lives. This exercise has shown efficacy improving optimism, future expectancies and positive affect compared to a control condition, in general population (Meevissen, Peters & Alberts, 2011; Sheldon &Lyubomirsky, 2012; Peters, Flink, Boersma & Linton, 2010). Taking into account the prior literature, the aim of the present study is to carry out a randomized controlled study in order to replicate the findings about the effects of BPS on optimism, mood and affect in a chronic pain population. The exercise will be applied through a Positive Technology system and the effects will be analyzed during four months. The design employed in this study is similar to the used in other studies (Meevissen et al, 2011; Renner, Schwarz, Peters & Huibers, 2014; Sheldon & Lyubomirsky, 2006).

Official Title
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A Positive Psychology Intervention for Fibromyalgia Patients to Promote Physical and Psychological Wellbeing Using Information and Communication Technologies

Conditions
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Fibromyalgia, Chronic Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: e-BPS
* Behavioral: Daily Activities


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients have to fulfill the American College of Rheumatology criteria for primary FMS. Sign a consent form stating their willingness to participate Exclusion Criteria: Presence of another severe physical illness Presence of severe psychological disorders Be currently involved in another psychological treatment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: e-BPS intervention<br>Participants are asked to write and imagine about a future in which they have reached all their goals in four different domains: personal, professional, social and health domain. They carry out the exercise in a Positive Technology System called the Book of Life, which has shown efficacy in the enhancement of positive mood (Baños, Etchemendy, Farfallini, García-Palacios, Quero & Botella, 2014). This application looks like a personal diary, where participants can write all that they want and these essays are supported by multimedia content (pictures, songs and videos). Additionally, they can continue doing the exercise in a web platform (TEO-Emotional Therapy Online) in which they can visualize all the content they had developed previously. | Behavioral: e-BPS<br> <br> |
| Placebo Comparator: Daily Activities<br>Participants are asked to think and write about all that they have done the last 24 hours. They carry out the exercise in a powerpoint document, where they can record all the activities, situations and thoughts. | Behavioral: Daily Activities<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Beck Depression Inventory II | This is one of the most widely questionnaires used to evaluate severity of depression in pharmacological and psychotherapy trials. The instrument has good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.76 to 0.95) and test-retest reliability of around 0.8. The Spanish version of this instrument has also shown a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.87) for both the general and the clinical population (Cronbach's alpha of 0.89). Summed to obtain the total score, which can be a maximum of 63 points. | 4 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain Catastrophizing | The PCS instructions ask participants to reflect on past painful experiences, and to indicate the degree to which they experienced each of 13 thoughts or feelings when experiencing pain, on 5-point scales with the end points (0) not at all and (4) all the time. The PCS yields a total score and three subscale scores assessing rumination, magnification and helplessness. The PCS has been shown to have adequate to excellent 6 internal consistency (coefficient alphas: total PCS = 0.87, rumination = 0.87, magnification = 0.66, and helplessness = 0.78). | 4 months | 
| Positive and Negative Affect Scale | This measure analyzes the levels of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA). The instrument consists of 20 items, 10 for each level of affect. Participants rate on a 5-point scale (Not at all - Extremely). The Spanish version has demonstrated high internal consistency (0.89 to 0.91 for PA and NA in women and 0.87 for AP and 0.89 for AN in men) in college students. | 4 months | 
| Life Orientation Test | This scale measures positive and negative expectancies about future events. It consists of 20 statements referring to negative expectancies and 10 statements referring to positive expectancies. Participants answer on a 7-point scale (Not at all likely to occur - Extremely likely to occur). Some studies have found an appropriate levels of internal consistency for positive and negative expectancies (α=0.80-0.82 and 0.91, respectively). | 4 months | 
| Quality of Life | It consists of 10 items that evaluate perceived well-being in different areas (physical, psychological/emotional, occupational functioning, interpersonal functioning, among others) | 4 months | 
| Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale | OASIS is a brief instrument consisting of 5 items that measure the frequency and severity of anxiety, as well as the level of avoidance and work/school/home and social interference that anxiety produces. | 4 months | 
| General Self-Efficacy scale | This is a 12-item scale that evaluates perceived global self-efficacy and three main aspects of it: initiative, persistence and effort. All items are responded to on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 (never happens to me) to 5 (always happens to me). | 4 months | 
| Subjective probability task | This scale measures positive and negative expectancies about future events. It consists of 20 statements referring to negative expectancies and 10 statements referring to positive expectancies. Participants answer on a 7-point scale (Not at all likely to occur - Extremely likely to occur). Some studies have found an appropriate levels of internal consistency for positive and negative expectancies (α=0.80-0.82 and 0.91, respectively). | 4 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Best Possible Self, Positive Psychology, Optimism, Positive Technologies, Future thinking, Pain Catastrophizing