Breakfast, Exercise and Metabolic Health in Healthy Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This project aims to investigate the impact of acute bout of submaximal exercise under different pre-exercise dietary conditions (fasted state versus high carbohydrate breakfast versus high protein breakfast) on postprandial glycaemic, appetite regulation and energy balance in active healthy women.

Detailed Description
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Participants will be asked to arrive to the laboratory between 08:00 and 9:00 am after not eating for between 12-14 hours i.e. in a fasted state (water intake is permitted and encouraged). Participants will then be given one of three test drinks (i.e., breakfast): 1) water only; 2) high carbohydrate drink; or 3) high protein (whey protein) drink. Each of these drinks will also contain 500 mL of water and artificial sweetener. 2 h after breakfast, participants will then exercise on a treadmill for 45 min followed by a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 30 min ad libitum lunch intake. Blood samples, blood pressures and questionnaire (e.g., appetite and mood) will be collected in a regular pattern throughout the trials. Cognitive functions will be tested at baseline, pre-exercise and 2 h post-exercise. Energy balance will be assessed using food diary and an accelerometer for the rest of the day after leaving the laboratory until midnight.

Official Title
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Impact of Different Pre-exercise Breakfast on Post-exercise Glycaemic Response, Appetite and Energy Balance

Conditions
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Metabolic Health, Appetitive Behavior, Energy Balance

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Fasted exercise
* Behavioral: High protein breakfast exercise
* Behavioral: High carbohydrate breakfast exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy physical active women (self-reported regular exercise at least 30 min moderate-intensity 3 times per week) Aged between 30 to 55 years Weight stable for more than 3 months (no change in weight +/- 3%) Non-smoker Exclusion Criteria: Personal history of/existing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease or dyslipidaemia Taking medications that may influence lipid or carbohydrate metabolism or immune system function Men Physically inactive

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Fasted exercise<br>Fasted prior to exercise | Behavioral: Fasted exercise<br>* Participants will remain fast (Fasted) 2 h prior to 45 min exercise at 65% VO2max.<br>|
| Experimental: High protein breakfast exercise<br>High protein breakfast consumption prior to exercise | Behavioral: High protein breakfast exercise<br>* Participants will consume a high protein breakfast (Protein) 2 h prior to 45 min exercise at 65% VO2max.<br>|
| Experimental: High carbohydrate breakfast exercise<br>High carbohydrate breakfast consumption prior to exercise | Behavioral: High carbohydrate breakfast exercise<br>* Participants will consume a high carbohydrate breakfast (Carbohydrate) 2 h prior to 45 min exercise at 65% VO2max.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Metabolic health | Changes in postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses (e.g., area under the curve) post-exercise between trials | 150 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lipid profile | Changes in blood triglycerides, cholesterol & NEFA concentrations post-exercise between trials | 150 minutes | 
| Gut hormones | Changes in gut hormones (e.g., GLP-1, PYY and GIP, etc.) responses post-exercise between trials | 150 minutes | 
| Appetite | ad libitum lunch energy intake (i.e., kcal) after OGTT between trials | 30 minutes | 
| Visual analogue scale (VAS) | Changes in VAS from 1-100 mm (e.g., appetite & mood, etc.) between trials | 305 minutes | 
| Substrate oxidation | Changes in total energy expenditure (i.e., kcal), lipid oxidation (i.e., kcal) and carbohydrate oxidation (i.e., kcal) between trials including pre-exercise, during exercise and post-exercise period. | 305 minutes | 
| Inflammation | Changes in inflammation biomarkers (e.g., IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1ra, etc.) responses during trials | 305 minutes | 
| Blood pressure | Changes in blood pressure (e.g., systolic and diastolic blood pressure) during trials | 305 minutes | 
| Cognition | Changes in cognitive performance (e.g., reaction time in milliseconds and accuracy in percentage) during trials | 305 minutes | 
| Energy intake | Changes in energy intake (e.g, total calories) using food diary once participants leaving the laboratory until midnight | 600 minutes | 
| Physical activity level | Changes in physical activity level using an accelerometer to record once participants leaving the laboratory until midnight | 600 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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High protein breakfast, postprandial glycaemia, Appetite, Energy balance