Image and Model Based Analysis of Lung Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this research study is to develop CT scanning and image analysis techniques to help define and measure several key properties of the pulmonary system that cannot be obtained by other tests or exams.

Detailed Description
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Specifically, the investigators are interested in understanding the difference between the normal aging process and the events that lead to emphysema. Additionally, the investigators are interested in understanding the earliest signs (lung inflammation) of the disease process leading to three lung diseases, which include emphysema, fibrosis and sarcoidosis; all of which are described as inflammatory lung diseases. The investigators will be using the data from this study to help define the normal values for the measured properties as well as deviation from normal values in smokers without defined lung disease and patients with inflammatory lung disease. The investigators believe that the analysis and scanning techniques being developed as part of this research will provide new and previously unavailable information on normal and diseased lungs so that ultimately the investigators can detect specific changes in the lungs due to a disease and measure any improvements in the anatomy and/or function of the pulmonary system after a patient has undergone treatment. This study involves research using X-Ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, which is similar to previous CT scanners but operates much faster and provides finer image detail.

Official Title
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Image and Model Based Analysis of Lung Disease

Conditions
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Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Pulmonary Function Test
* Diagnostic Test: CT Scans
* Behavioral: Questionnaires
* Diagnostic Test: MRI
* Biological: Xenon gas


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Non smokers, age 20-29, 40-49, 60-69, 80-89, cannot have smoked more than 20 cigarettes in their lifetime Smokers, age 20-29, 40-49, 60-69, 80-89, currently smoking a minimum of 1 pack (20 cigarettes) per day, normal smokers and mild to moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exclusion Criteria: Allergies - no allergies to shellfish, eggs, iodine Medications - no medications (except for birth control) for in the 'normal' category No asthma - as self reported BMI (Body Mass Index) - must not exceed 32 or 100kg of weight No other radiology studies in the last 12 months No metal in lung field - no metal from larynx to stomach No known heart disease No known kidney disease or diabetes Must not be pregnant - subjects of childbearing potential with be given a urine pregnancy test

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 89 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Study Participants<br>Pulmonary Function Test, Questionnaires, CT scans, perfusion scan, ventilation scan, Xenon gas ventilation CT scan with hyperpolarized 3-Helium MRI Scan. | Diagnostic Test: Pulmonary Function Test<br>* Spirometry, Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs (DLCO), Lung Volumes<br>Diagnostic Test: CT Scans<br>* volume scans, perfusion scan, ventilation scan<br>Behavioral: Questionnaires<br>* Human Subjects Questionnaire, Baseline Dyspnea Index, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire<br>Diagnostic Test: MRI<br>* proton scans, hyperpolarized 3-Helium scan<br>Biological: Xenon gas<br>* ventilation CT scans<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Normal lung aging assessed by CT imaging | Normal aging process of the lungs compared to common smoking related lung diseases. | up to 10 years |