Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Manual Coordination, Strength and Hand Pain in Normal Teenage Students

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Statement of the problem: • Does addiction of smart phone affect upper limb coordination, manual dexterity, hand grip and pinch strength? Null Hypotheses: • Addiction of smart phone does not affect upper limb coordination, manual dexterity, hand grip and pinch strength in normal teenage students.

Detailed Description
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Subjects: The survey targets the normal teenage students from both sexes. Sample size estimation will be carried out to determine the recruited number of students, selected randomly from both governmental and private preparatory and secondary schools at Ashmoon educational administration, Menofia Governorate to participate in this study. Study design: Cross sectional observational study. Sample design will be a cluster sample, A. Inclusion criteria: The students' age will range from 12 to 18 years. Normal students including both boys and girls. Participants have a range score from 31 to 60 points for boys and from 33 to 60 points for girls on smartphone addiction scale according to Kwon et al (2013). Their body mass index will be within the normal range according to WHO indices . Cooperative students who wish to participate in the current study. The students will represent different socioeconomic levels. B. Exclusion criteria: The students will be excluded from the study if they have one of the following: Congenital abnormalities or medical conditions, which may affect the study. Musculoskeletal problems such as previous or recent orthopedic surgery, fractures, prostheses, inflammation of the fingers, arms, or shoulder. Visual or hearing defects. Motor, behavioral, or neurologic disorders and learning disabilities. • Participants have a range score from 31 to 60 points for boys and from 33 to 60 points for girls on smartphone addiction scale, then participants will be divided into 2 levels of addiction. Assessment of manual dexterity and upper extremity coordination will be carried out by using The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) (Bruininks and Bruininks, 2005). Hand grip strength and pinch strength will be assessed by hand dynamometer and pinch meter.

Official Title
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Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Manual Coordination, Strength and Hand Pain in Normal Teenage Students

Conditions
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Smart Phone Addiction, Manual Coordination, Hand Grip Strength, Pinch Strength, Teenage Students

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The students' age will range from 12 to 18 years. Normal students including both boys and girls. Participants have a range score from 31 to 60 points for boys and from 33 to 60 points for girls on smartphone addiction scale according to Kwon et al (2013). Their body mass index will be within the normal range according to WHO indices . Cooperative students who wish to participate in the current study. The students will represent different socioeconomic levels. Exclusion Criteria: The students will be excluded from the study if they have one of the following: Congenital abnormalities or medical conditions, which may affect the study. Musculoskeletal problems such as previous or recent orthopedic surgery, fractures, prostheses, inflammation of the fingers, arms, or shoulder. Visual or hearing defects. Motor, behavioral, or neurologic disorders and learning disabilities -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| no intervention<br> | |
| 2 groups<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of Manual coordination | Assessment of change in manual dexterity and upper extremity coordination will be carried out by using The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) (Bruininks and Bruininks, 2005). | Baseline - one hour for each participant | 
| Assessment of hand grip strength | Assessment of change in Hand grip strength will be assessed by hand dynamometer device. | Baseline - one hour for each participant | 
| Assessment of pinch strength | Assessment of change in pinch strength by pinchmeter device. | Baseline - one hour for each participant |