A Comparison Between Two Oral Hypoglycemics - Metformin and Glybenclamide for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Rationale Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates 5-7% of pregnancies. Major hazards include macrosomia, polyhydramnios, labor trauma and neonatal hypoglycemia. The ADA and ACOG recommend glucose control in order to reduce the incidence of hyperglycemia induced complications. Glucose control can be achieved using diet and life style changes. Insulin is initiated in women who fail to obtain glucose control with diet alone. During the past 11 years oral hypoglycemic drugs have been tested and proven to be efficacious and safe. Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of glybenclamide vs. metformin in the treatment of women diagnosed with GDM To evaluate the improvement in glycemic control after the addition of a second oral hypoglycemic drug after failure of the first Hypothesis GDM is one of the major conditions contributing to obstetrical complications and prenatal morbidity. Improving glycemic control, by means of improving compliance and patient satisfaction, will decrease obstetrical complications, maternal and neonatal morbidity and have positive long term health implications. Study design Prospective, randomized, open label Study population Women between the ages 18-45, diagnosed with GDM will be recruited. GDM will be defined by a pathological OGTT (according to Carpenter and Coustan criteria) performed at or after 13 weeks of gestation. Study period From recruitment until discharge of the newborn baby after delivery Study protocol Women will be randomized at recruitment. Demographic and obstetrical data will be collected. Average glucose levels during the previous two weeks, estimated fetal weight and amniotic fluid index, and lab exams reflecting glycemic control will be noted. Women will provide daily glucose levels via fax or mail once a week. Glycemic control will be evaluated by a daily chart, including 7 measurements: 3 preprandial, 3 postprandial and a 7th measurement at 10 pm. Women will be invited to a monthly follow-up, which will include a sonographic evaluation of fetal weight and amniotic fluid, and lab exams. Follow-up protocol after 38 w of gestation will be according to our ward's protocol. The study was approved by the local Helsinki committee. Time table Duration: two years

Conditions
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: metformin
* Drug: glybenclamide


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with GDM with a gestational age between 14-33 weeks Fasting glucose over 95 mg% or over 130 mg% an hour and a half postprandial (PPD) or a daily average over 100 mg% At least a week of dietary treatment Sonographic dating of the pregnancy earlier than 24 weeks Signing a consent form Exclusion Criteria: Suspected IUGR earlier than 24 week of gestation Major fetal malformation Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: metformin<br>metformin up to 2550mg per day | Drug: metformin<br>* metformin up to 2550mg per day.<br>|
| Active Comparator: glybenclamide<br>glybenclamide up to 20mg per day. | Drug: glybenclamide<br>* glybenclamide up to 20mg per day.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| glycemic control |  | 2 years |