Marijuana's Impact on Alcohol Motivation and Consumption

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This laboratory study will employ a repeated measures experimental design to examine the effect of high (7.2% THC) and moderate (3% THC) dose of marijuana, relative to placebo, on alcohol craving and on behavioral economic measure of alcohol demand after exposure to alcohol cues, and on subsequent drinking in an alcohol choice task in which participants choose either to drink or receive monetary reinforcement for drinks not consume. The study will recruit 173 non-treatment seeking heavy episodic alcohol drinkers who smoke marijuana at least twice weekly.

Detailed Description
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This laboratory study will employ a repeated measures experimental design to examine the effect of high (7.2% THC) and moderate (3.0% THC) dose of marijuana, relative to placebo, on alcohol craving and on behavioral economic measure of alcohol demand after exposure to alcohol cues, and on subsequent drinking in an alcohol choice task in which participants choose either to drink or receive monetary reinforcement for drinks not consumed. Moderators of the marijuana's effects on alcohol-related dependent variables will be tested: DSM5 alcohol use disorder severity, affective vulnerability, trait impulsivity, and working memory functioning. Several empirically-determined mechanisms that may explain why marijuana may increase risk of alcohol relapse and help maintain heavy drinking will be tested as mediators of marijuana's effects on alcohol. The study will recruit 173 non-treatment seeking heavy episodic alcohol drinkers who smoke marijuana at least twice weekly to obtain the final sample of 150 with complete data (15% of attrition). Participants will be tested at a baseline session and during three experimental sessions. Investigators will collect blood samples for analysis of cannabinoid plasma levels and to examine marijuana-induced changes in hormones and other biomarkers potentially related to appetite, inflammation and stress. Collection of these biomarkers would allow for a greater understanding about the mechanisms whereby marijuana may acutely increase alcohol motivation and use. The findings will inform researchers and clinicians about how marijuana acutely increases alcohol craving and consumption. The strategy of this proposal is to use the most comprehensive controlled test characterizing marijuana's putative effects on alcohol.

Official Title
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Marijuana's Impact on Alcohol Motivation and Consumption

Conditions
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Alcohol Drinking, Marijuana

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: THC 7.2%
* Drug: THC 3.0%
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 21 to 44 English-speaking marijuana smoking in past month report of current heavy episodic (binge) drinking in good physical health and weighing < 250 lbs zero breath alcohol at each visit Exclusion Criteria: history of seizures smoking >20 tobacco cigarettes per day positive pregnancy test nursing positive urine toxicology screen for drugs other than cannabis interest to quit or receive treatment for marijuana or alcohol use meeting criteria for a current affective disorder (depression, or mania, panic disorder, and having psychotic symptoms as assessed by the SCID)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 44 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: High THC dose<br>1 marijuana cigarette (7.2% THC) | Drug: THC 7.2%<br>* 1 smoked marijuana cigarette with 7.2% THC<br>|
| Experimental: Low THC dose<br>1 marijuana cigarette (3.0% THC) | Drug: THC 3.0%<br>* 1 smoked marijuana cigarette with 3.0% THC<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Placebo marijuana cigarette | Drug: Placebo<br>* 1 smoked placebo marijuana cigarette<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| change in alcohol craving | Alcohol Craving Questionnaire-Short Form-Revised (ACQ-SF-R) | T1: pre-smoking (-45 minutes) and post smoking at 20 (T2), 55 (T3), and 70 (T4) minutes for a total of two hours during the experimental session | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| change in alcohol demand measured with Alcohol Purchase Task-State Version (APT-SV) | Alcohol demand curve is generated by estimating alcohol consumption (number of drinks) over the course of escalating prices. | T1: pre-smoking (-45 minutes) and post smoking at 55 (T2) and 70 (T3) minutes for a total of two hours during the experimental session | 
| number of alcohol beverages consumed |  | post-smoking during two-hour alcohol choice task during the experimental session |