In-office Bleaching Using a Violet Light

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this clinical study is to evaluate the effect of the whitening treatment performed with the violet LED light (405-410 nm), with or without a bleaching gel, on the tooth color changes (immediate and long-term), tooth sensitivity, satisfaction of participants in relation to the technique and impact on their quality of life. After being informed of the objectives of the study, 200 participants will be selected and randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 25): G1 - 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (4 sessions, 1 session/week); G2 - 30% carbamide peroxide (CP) (4 sessions, 1 session/week); G3 - Violet LED (405-410 nm, 4 sessions, 1 session/week); G4 - Violet LED (405-410 nm, 4 sessions, 2 sessions/week); G5 - Violet LED associated to 35% hydrogen peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session / week); G6 - Violet LED associated to 30% carbamide peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session / week); G7 - hybrid technique HP (Violet LED + application of 35% hydrogen peroxide + violet LED) (4 sessions, 1 session/week); G8 - Hybrid technique CP HP (Violet LED + application of 30% carbamide peroxide + violet LED) (4 sessions, 1 session/week). The color evaluation will be performed at predetermined times (before and immediately after treatment, 14 days after completion of bleaching and 3, 6 and 12 months after completion of bleaching), and quantitatively evaluated by colorimetric tests (objective and subjective) and spectrophotometry. In addition, it will be evaluated the tooth sensitivity during and after (48 hours) tooth whitening (VAS Scale), satisfaction with the treatment and impact on quality of life (OHIP-14 questionnaire). The data, except for survey data of satisfaction (descriptive evaluation), will be subjected to statistical analysis to determine the homogeneity and normality of the sample and for comparison between treatment groups, considering a 5% significance level.

Detailed Description
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The objective of this clinical study is to evaluate the effect of the whitening treatment performed with the violet LED light (405-410 nm), with or without a bleaching gel, on the tooth color changes (immediate and long-term), tooth sensitivity, satisfaction of participants in relation to the technique and impact on their quality of life. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of School of Dentistry of University of Sao Paulo (Protocol# 1.981.756). The experimental design is in according to CONSORT. The present research will be a blind, parallel and randomized study with similar allocation between the treatment groups. It will be included 200 participants, selected among the patients of the Special Laboratory of lasers in dentistry (LELO-FOUSP). After being being informed of the objectives of the study the participants will be randomly divided into a treatment group (n = 25): G1 - In-office bleaching performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session/week). G2 - In-office bleaching performed with 30% carbamide peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session/week). G3 - In-office bleaching performed with Violet LED (405-410 nm, 4 sessions, 1 session/week). G4 - In-office bleaching performed with Violet LED (405-410 nm, 4 sessions, 2 sessions/week). G5 - In-office bleaching performed Violet LED associated to 35% hydrogen peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session / week). G6 - In-office bleaching performed Violet LED associated to 30% carbamide peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session / week). G7 - hybrid technique HP (Violet LED + application of 35% hydrogen peroxide + violet LED) (4 sessions, 1 session/week). G8 - Hybrid technique CP HP (Violet LED + application of 30% carbamide peroxide + violet LED) (4 sessions, 1 session/week). The primary outcome of this study is the color alteration, which will be evaluated quantitatively by colorimetric (subjective) and spectrophotometric (objective) tests. Additionally, will be evaluated dental sensitivity during and after treatment (predetermined times), patient satisfaction regarding the treatment, and impact on patient quality of life (questionnaire OHIP-14). The color measurement will be blind, in predetermined times (before the treatment, immediately after the treatment, 14 days after, 3 months after, 6 months after and 12 months after). It will be performed by two methods: subjectively, with a color scale; and objectively, with a clinical spectrophotometer. The evaluation of dental sensitivity will be measured with a Visual analogue scale (VAS). It will be performed immediately after the treatment and 48 hours after the treatment. The patient satisfaction regarding the treatment will be measured with a questionnaire for self-evaluation of the treatment, and will be applied 14 days after the end of treatment, 3 months after, 6 months after and 12 months after. The evaluation of quality of life of the patients will be performed with the OHIP-14 questionnaire, which will be applied after the end of the treatment.

Official Title
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Long-term Clinical Evaluation of In-office Dental Bleaching Using a Violet Light (405-410 nm)

Conditions
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Tooth Bleaching, Dentin Sensitivity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: 35% Hydrogen peroxide bleaching
* Procedure: 30% Carbamide peroxide bleaching
* Procedure: Violet LED bleaching 1
* Procedure: Violet LED bleaching 2
* Procedure: Photochemical protocol 1
* Procedure: Photochemical protocol 2
* Procedure: Hybrid technique 1
* Procedure: Hybrid technique 2


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Presence of all the teeth, without restorations or caries on anterior teeth. Patients presenting the canine tooth color A3 (according to Vita classical scale) or darker. Exclusion Criteria: Patients presenting systemic pathologies Patients presenting periodontal diseases Smokers or patients with systematic use of alcohol Patients presenting teeth with color alterations by tetracycline, fluorosis, endodontic treatments. Patients with historic of self-referenced sensitivity Pregnant or Breastfeeding period patients Presence of restorations on anterior teeth Patients presenting bruxism or systematic use of analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: G1 - 35% Hydrogen peroxide bleaching<br>In-office bleaching performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session/week); | Procedure: 35% Hydrogen peroxide bleaching<br>* Application of 35% hydrogen peroxide on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25). The application will be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.<br>|
| Active Comparator: G2 - 30% Carbamide peroxide bleaching<br>In-office bleaching performed with 30% carbamide peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session/week); | Procedure: 30% Carbamide peroxide bleaching<br>* Protocol: Application of 35% Carbamide peroxide on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25). The application will be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.<br>|
| Experimental: G3 - Violet LED bleaching 1<br>In-office bleaching performed with Violet LED (405-410 nm, 4 sessions, 1 session/week); | Procedure: Violet LED bleaching 1<br>* Protocol: Application of the Violet LED on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25) with a distance of 8mm between the light source and teeth surface. The application will be performed for 60s, and then turned off for 30s. It will be repeated for 20x. The procedure will be performed 1 time a week.<br>|
| Experimental: G4 - Violet LED bleaching 2<br>In-office bleaching performed with Violet LED (405-410 nm, 4 sessions, 2 sessions/week); | Procedure: Violet LED bleaching 2<br>* Protocol: Application of the Violet LED on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25) with a distance of 8mm between the light source and teeth surface. The application will be performed for 60s, and then turned off for 30s. It will be repeated for 20x. The procedure will be performed 2 times a week.<br>|
| Experimental: G5 - Photochemical protocol 1<br>In-office bleaching performed Violet LED associated to 35% hydrogen peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session / week); | Procedure: Photochemical protocol 1<br>* Protocol: Application of 35% hydrogen peroxide on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25). The application will be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and associated with the application of Violet LED with a distance of 8mm between the light source and teeth surface. The application of Violet LED will be performed for 60s, and then turned off for 30s. It will be repeated for 20x. The procedure will be performed 1 time a week.<br>|
| Experimental: G6 - Photochemical protocol 2<br>In-office bleaching performed Violet LED associated to 30% carbamide peroxide (4 sessions, 1 session / week) | Procedure: Photochemical protocol 2<br>* Protocol: Application of 30% Carbamide peroxide on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25). The application will be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and associated with the application of Violet LED with a distance of 8mm between the light source and teeth surface. The application of Violet LED will be performed for 60s, and then turned off for 30s. It will be repeated for 20x. The procedure will be performed 1 time a week.<br>|
| Experimental: G7 - Hybrid technique 1<br>hybrid technique HP (Violet LED + application of 35% hydrogen peroxide + violet LED) (4 sessions, 1 session/week) | Procedure: Hybrid technique 1<br>* Protocol: Application of the Violet LED on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25) with a distance of 8mm between the light source and teeth surface. The application will be performed for 60s, and then turned off for 30s. It will be repeated for 20x. In the last 10 illuminations of Violet LED it will be applied the 35% Hydrogen peroxide to act concomitantly with the light.<br>|
| Experimental: G8 - Hybrid technique 2<br>Hybrid technique CP HP (Violet LED + application of 30% carbamide peroxide + violet LED) (4 sessions, 1 session/week). | Procedure: Hybrid technique 2<br>* Protocol: Application of the Violet LED on buccal face of anterior teeth (15-25) with a distance of 8mm between the light source and teeth surface. The application will be performed for 60s, and then turned off for 30s. It will be repeated for 20x. In the last 10 illuminations of Violet LED it will be applied the 30% Carbamide peroxide to act concomitantly with the light.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Color alteration | The color measurement will be blind, in predetermined time (12 months after the treatment). It will be performed with a clinical spectrophotometer. | 12 months after the treatment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dental sensitivity | The evaluation of dental sensitivity will be measured with a Visual analogue scale (VAS). It will be performed immediately after the treatment and 48 hours after the treatment. | Immediately after the treatment and 48 hours after the treatment | 
| Patient satisfaction regarding the treatment | The patient satisfaction regarding the treatment will be measured with a questionnaire for self-evaluation of the treatment, and will be applied 14 days after the end of treatment, 3 months after, 6 months after and 12 months after. | 14 days after the end of treatment, 3 months after, 6 months after and 12 months after | 
| Quality of life of the patients | The evaluation of quality of life of the patients will be performed with the OHIP-14 questionnaire, which will be applied after the end of the treatment. | Immediately after the end of bleaching | 
| Color change throughout 12 months with a visual color scale | The evaluation will be performed with a visual color scale | Before, immediately after, 14 days, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after bleaching | 
| Color change throughout 6 months with a clinical spectrophotometer | The evaluation will be performed with a clinical spectrophotometer | Before, immediately after, 14 days, 3 months and 6 months after bleaching | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dental bleaching, Color, Sensitivity, violet LED, Quality of life