The Cognitive Functioning of Young Athletes Including Bioelectrical Brain Function

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The project focuses on two central issues: The impact of intensity of sport on the cognitive functioning and brain waves of children in late childhood (10-12 years old); The specific impact of individual forms of sporting competitions classified according to dynamic, static components as well as closed / open skill exercise. The variables will be age, gender, and fluid intelligence. Additionally, children's temperament will be examined in order to assess its relationship with the preferences for choosing a particular type of sport activity and the intensity of this activity.

Official Title
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The Cognitive Functioning of Young Athletes (10-12 Years Old) Undertaking Various Sports Activities (Gymnastics, Football) Including Bioelectrical Brain Function

Conditions
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Cognitive Function

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: - Polish-speaking children Exclusion Criteria: mental illness; non-Polish speaking children

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Children practicing football<br>Children in late childhood (age 10-12 years) practicing sport, which is high dynamic (> 75%), and low static (<10&) and in the same time it is open skill exercise sport (football) | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|
| Children practicing gymnastics<br>Children in late childhood (age 10-12 years) practicing sport, which is low dynamic (<50%), high static (>30%) and in the same time it is closed skill exercise sport (sport gymnastics) | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|
| Comparative group<br>A comparative group of children that do not attend sport classes or sports clubs, but carrying out sports activity and / or in other areas | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Attention | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016) - attention (the ability to orientate on stimulus, motor speed, maintain attention on the visual stimulus, distinguishing significant and non-significant material). Higher score means better attention. | Baseline | 
| Brain Waves | - EEG Biofeedback - bioelectric recording of brain activity from a centrally placed electrode to measure fast brainwaves (Alpha, Beta1, Beta2) and slow brainwaves (Delta, Theta) | Baseline | 
| Short-term memory of verbal material material | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better short-term memory of verbal material | Baseline | 
| Visual-spatial material | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better visual-spatial material. | Baseline | 
| Executive functions | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better executive functions. | Baseline | 
| Language functions | - PU1 Battery (Borkowska, SajewiczRadtke, Lipowska, Kalka, 2016). Higher score means better language functions. | Baseline | 
| Episodic memory of visual-spatial material | - Diagnosis of Brain Injury (DUM) (Weidlich, Lamberti, 1996) [assessment of episodic memory of visual-spatial material (the rate of acquiring new information, the process of consolidation - the ability to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory)]. Higher score means better episodic memory of visual-spatial material (maximal points: 54, minimal: 0). | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sports Intensity by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (in a modified version, relating to children) (Biernat, 2007) | Higher scores mean a better physical activity. In test there are 3 categories of activity: insufficient (less than 600), sufficient (600 - 1500 or 600 - 3000) or high (more than 1500 or 3000 MET-min / week) | Baseline | 
| Intelligence by CFT 20-R, The Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) - version 2, part 1 only (Cattell, Weiss, adapt. Stańczak,2013) | Measurement of fluid intelligence. Higher score means higher fluid intelligence (maximum number of points: 56, minimal: 0). | Baseline | 
| Temperament by EAS Buss & Plomin Questionnaire (Buss, Plomin, 1997) | A questionnaire for parents, coaches, teachers. It consists of 20 items - statements, which suitableness is rated by the subject on a five-point scale (from Never true to Always true). This version has four scales: Shyness, Sociability, Activity, and Emotionality and has 20 items relating to each of the 4 temperaments. There is a 5-point rating scale (from 1: not characteristic or typical of your child to 5 : very characteristic or typical of your child). These scores belong to each temperament and they are summed. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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cognitive function, sport, football, gymnastics, children