Study of the Reaction of the Brain to Various Stimulations

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Physical activity is considered a therapeutic strategy in its own right in a vast majority of disabling chronic disorders. It leads to an increase in physical and probably cognitive capacity, thanks to its effects on both metabolism (muscle hypertrophy, improvement in oxidative metabolism) and the nervous system (neuroplasticity). Nonetheless, even though there is a consensus on the positive effects of physical exercise (PE) on cerebral plasticity, the physiological mechanisms by which PE affects neuroplasticity, in particular depending on the mode of muscle contraction, are still hypothetical. Moreover, several recent studies have shown that mental learning (ML) by motor imagery improves motor performance, thus making it of interest in a context of rehabilitation, in particular in situations where PE is transient of definitively impossible. Yet, the mechanisms and brain structures involved in motor learning by ML have not been established so far. Finally, on the basis of clinical observations concerning the key role of sensory input in motor function, the hypothesis that increased demand on this input by electrical stimulation (ES) as a means to improve motor function has been proposed. However, the mechanisms by which this type of stimulation could induce neuroplasticity is still to be elucidated.

Official Title
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Corticospinal and Neuromuscular Plasticity Induced by Real and Imaginary Contractions.

Conditions
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Corticospinal Plasticity, Neuromuscular Plasticity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: physical training
* Other: mental training
* Other: electrical stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: persons who have provided written consent healthy subjects national health insurance cover age 18 to 60 years Exclusion Criteria: personal or family history of epilepsy pacemakers or other apparatus likely to interfere with the magnetic field history of psychiatric disease Persons under guardianship or wards of court Pregnant or breast-feeding women problem perceived during the neurological examination which could bias the results of the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: this study is interventional because of it acts on the physical and respiratory capacities of patients
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: healthy volunteers<br> | Other: physical training<br>* workout on treadmill requiring the muscles of the lower limbs mostly in concentric (ascent) or eccentric (downhill)<br>Other: mental training<br>* The task to imagine for the training group will be an abduction of the thumb<br>Other: electrical stimulation<br>* electrical stimulation of the muscles<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| level of corticospinal excitability |  | through study completion, an average of 4 years |