Comparison of Anesthesia Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol Combined With Dexmedetomidine in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Thyroidectomy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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According to the previous studies, it is reported that the use of sevoflurane in the maintenance of anesthesia may lead to delayed occurrence of positive electromyographic (EMG) signal and lower obtained signal amplitude. In this study, the investigators aimed to investigate the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine for neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery. The investigators hypothesize that sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine can reduce the movement or spontaneous activity of vocal cords in patients and without affecting the EMG signals.

Detailed Description
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the most serious common complications in thyroid operation. Compared with the traditional operation under direct eye vision alone, application of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) is able to help surgeon in identifying the RLN during thyroid dissection, and enabling continuous monitoring of the neurological function during operation, thus reducing the incidence of intraoperative RLN injury. Sevoflurane is a common inhaled anesthetic in clinical practice, with the effect of prolonging the action time of muscle relaxants. According to the previous studies, it is reported that the use of sevoflurane in the maintenance of anesthesia may lead to delayed occurrence of positive electromyographic (EMG) signal and lower obtained signal amplitude, which may affect the surgeon's judgment on neurological function during the operation. In this study, the investigators aimed to investigate the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine for neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery. The investigators hypothesize that sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine can reduce movement or spontaneous activity of vocal cords in patients without affecting the IONM signal.

Official Title
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Comparison of Anesthesia Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol Combined With Dexmedetomidine in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Thyroidectomy

Conditions
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Thyroid Nodule

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane
* Drug: Anesthesia was maintained with propofol


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: patients scheduled for thyroidectomy under general anesthesia American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade of I or II aged 18 to 65 years body mass index (BMI) < 32 kg/m2. Exclusion Criteria: patients with RLN or vagus nerve injury were identified preoperatively severe cardiovascular, pulmonary, liver and kidney diseases history of allergy to narcotic include rocuronium -pregnancy or lactation- history or current usage of medication which may interfere neuromuscular transmission; family or personal history of malignant hyperthermia myasthenia gravis potential risk of airway difficulty unable to cooperate.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group DS<br>Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in the group DS | Drug: Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane<br>* After endotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 1.5-3% sevoflurane, 0.3-0.5 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 2-4 μg/mL target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in the group DS.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Group DP<br>Anesthesia was maintained with propofol and target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in the group DP | Drug: Anesthesia was maintained with propofol<br>* After endotracheal intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 2-4 μg/mL target-controlled infusion of propofol, 0.3-0.5 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 2-4 μg/mL target-controlled infusion of remifentanil in the group DP.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The times of movements or the times of spontaneous vocal cords activities | If one of the following occurred, it would be seen as 1 movement and add 1 in the counting: (1) visually observed body movement, including bucking. (2) spontaneous vocal cords activity. (Spontaneous vocal cords activity due to insufficient neuromuscular blocking agents, a coarsening of the monitor baseline can be seen, with a series of small waveforms typically varying from 30 to 70 μV) . | During the surgery |