Preventing Unplanned Pregnancies in HIV Infected Zambian Couples

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Prevention of unplanned pregnancies among HIV infected couples decreases the rate of maternal-child virus transmission and the number of children orphaned when parents die of AIDS. This study will evaluate two programs for reducing the number of unplanned pregnancies among HIV infected couples in Zambia.

Detailed Description
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Eighty percent of the world's HIV infections are in sub-Saharan Africa. In Lusaka, the capital of Zambia, 85% of pregnant women are married and 47% are in couples with at least one HIV infected partner (26% concordant positive, 21% discordant). It will be years before short-course antivirals are widely implemented, and many children who escape infection will be left orphaned. There are 360,000 AIDS orphans in Zambia, a country of 9 million people, and 35,000 HIV infected women deliver each year. An essential component of any HIV prevention strategy must include the prevention of unplanned pregnancies among couples with HIV. Promotion of 'dual method' contraception (condoms for HIV/STD prevention plus a longer acting method for pregnancy prevention) is ideal, but unfortunately not widely promoted. Ultimately, the prevention of unplanned pregnancy in couples with HIV can reduce pediatric HIV, AIDS orphans, and the family consequences of parental illness and death. This study will evaluate two interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of unplanned pregnancies in HIV infected couples. The first intervention will promote more effective contraception by placing user-independent methods (IUD and Norplant) first in the educational message hierarchy (currently, family planning education highlights oral contraceptives) and employing positive message framing. The second intervention will help couples plan for the consequences of their illness and death. This will include assisting couples to work together to prepare a will, choose a guardian, and make a financial plan. By focusing on the cost of educating existing children and on the need to plan for their future care, couples are encouraged to reflect on the implications of future childbearing. The interventions will be compared with a standard family planning program with respect to impact on incident pregnancy, contraceptive choice and pattern of use, psychosocial and behavioral variables, and future planning actions. Cost-effectiveness will be determined with methods developed jointly by experts in the fields of HIV therapy in Africa and contraception. Participants in this study will be randomized to either the user-independent contraception intervention, the future planning intervention, the contraception plus planning intervention, or the standard family planning control. Couples will be followed for 1 to 4 years. Women will have study visits every 3 months; men will have a study visit every year. The primary study outcome will be comparison of time to pregnancy across intervention groups.

Official Title
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Family Planning Promotion to Prevent Unplanned Pregnancies in HIV Infected Zambian Couples

Conditions
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Pregnancy, HIV Infections

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: User-independent contraception program
* Behavioral: Future Planning Perspectives program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria Couples with one or both partners with HIV infection Exclusion Criteria Pregnant or < 1 month post-partum (couples will be invited to return when the infant is > 1 month old) Peri- or post-menopausal Surgical sterilization or hysterectomy Documented infertility

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 38 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Behavioral: User-independent contraception program|nan|
|Behavioral: Future Planning Perspectives program|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pregnancy |  |  | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Family Planning, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV, Africa, Zambia, AIDS, Contraception, HIV Prevention