Too Much of a Good Thing? Impact of Initial Prescription Size in Post-cesarean Section Pain Management

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a randomized controlled trial involving 170 opioid naive women ages 19-40 undergoing scheduled C-sections at Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital. Participants are randomized to receive either 10 or 20 tabs of oxycodone 5mg as an initial postoperative prescription in a double-blinded parallel trial design. Outcome metrics related to overall opioid consumption and patient satisfaction with pain management are collected at three different time points post-operative: 2-3 days (in hospital), 10-14 days, and 6 weeks.

Detailed Description
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All faculty scheduled cesarean deliveries will be eligible for possible enrollment. Once patients are scheduled for delivery, their providers will grant permission for potential participation in the study. Two weeks prior to surgery, potential participants will receive a phone call to assess interest and eligibility for participation. During the phone call, investigators will explain the goals of this research project and the overall study design. If an individual expresses interest in participation during this initial phone call, investigators will administer an intake survey. The intake survey is designed to collect data on participant eligibility as well as preexisting attitudes and experiences that may influence postoperative opioid consumption. Patients who complete the initial survey will be approached by a member of the research team on postoperative day two or three prior to discharge from the hospital. At this time, investigators will obtain informed consent and provide each participant with an enrollment packet prepared by the principal investigator. The enrollment packet will contain educational components including information about opioids with specific instructions about how to use opioids for pain management and instructions on proper disposal of unused tablets. Investigators will also include information about alternative forms of analgesia (ibuprofen and acetaminophen) with FDA approved instructions regarding their use in pain management. The study team's goal in including these educational components for each study group is to ensure that women are able to make safe and informed decisions regarding both forms of medication for optimal pain management. The enrollment packet will also include copies of all surveys the participants will be completing and a visual representation of the numerical pain scale for participants to reference. Women in the study will be randomized to receive either 10 or 20 tablets of oxycodone 5 mg upon discharge. Randomization of prescription groups will be achieved using a computer randomized sequence assigning participants in a 1:1 ratio to either a standard discharge prescription size (20 tablets oxycodone 5mg) or a reduced initial prescription size (10 tablets oxycodone 5 mg). Participants will not be given information regarding prescription size of other participants in the study, and will therefore be blinded as to whether or not their prescription size represents the larger or smaller group.In the event that a participant should require more opioid tablets for pain medication, there will be an option to request a refill from a designated provider. Refills across both groups will be standardized to a size of 5 tablets and healthcare providers will be notified of the participant's request in order to help determine if an earlier postoperative visit is needed for evaluation. Outcome metrics will be collected at 3 different postoperative time points. The initial inpatient survey will be completed in person at the time of consent on postoperative day two or three. This survey is designed to collect information about each participant's perceived pain experience during inpatient stay and capture pain rating at time of discharge. Outcome metrics at two subsequent time points (10-14 days post-op and 6 weeks post-op) will be collected using an outpatient survey. Participants will be given the option to complete the outpatient surveys over the phone with the investigator directly inputting metrics or through an online survey directly linked to the study electronic database. Follow-up surveys will assess a number of outcome metrics related to opioid use, participant's pain experience, and participant satisfaction with pain management.

Official Title
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Impact of Reduced Initial Prescription Size on Opioid Consumption in Postoperative Pain Management for Scheduled Cesarean Deliveries

Conditions
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Post Operative Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Oxycodone oral capsule


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Female Age 19-40 years old Pregnant Scheduled to undergo cesarean section at Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital opioid naïve (defined as no opioid use within 30 days of surgery Exclusion Criteria: History of chronic pain History of opioid use disorder History of any known intolerance or allergies to analgesics Women with postoperative complications (hysterectomy during or after birth, bowel or bladder injury during birth, need for re-operation, or immediate wound complication) Language barrier preventing screening or consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 10 tablet prescription group<br>These participants receive 10 tablets of oxycodone 5 mg at discharge for postoperative pain. | Drug: Oxycodone oral capsule<br>* Reduced initial prescription of oxycodone for postoperative pain management following cesarean section.<br>* Other names: opioid prescription size;|
| Active Comparator: 20 tablet prescription group<br>These participants receive 20 tablets of oxycodone 5 mg at discharge for postoperative pain. | Drug: Oxycodone oral capsule<br>* Reduced initial prescription of oxycodone for postoperative pain management following cesarean section.<br>* Other names: opioid prescription size;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Total opioid consumption by participants post-cesarean delivery | Number of tablets of oxycodone consumed for postoperative pain management. This will be measured by a pill count at the participant's 2 week post-op visit and the participant's responses to postoperative surveys at 2 weeks and 6 weeks post surgery. | 2 weeks | 
| Total opioid consumption by participants post-cesarean delivery | Number of tablets of oxycodone consumed for postoperative pain management. This will be measured by a pill count at the participant's 2 week post-op visit and the participant's responses to postoperative surveys at 2 weeks and 6 weeks post surgery. | 6 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Participant pain rating | reported level pain based on Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) 0-10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain imaginable | 2 weeks | 
| Participant pain rating | reported level pain based on Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) 0-10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain imaginable | 6 weeks | 
| Participant satisfaction with pain management | Patient reported satisfaction with postoperative pain management on survey based on opinion of whether medications provided were strong enough and the quantity of medication provided Participants are asked were you overall satisfied with your pain management since surgery and answer yes or no | 2 weeks | 
| Participant satisfaction with pain management | Patient reported satisfaction with postoperative pain management on survey based on opinion of whether medications provided were strong enough and the quantity of medication provided Participants are asked were you overall satisfied with your pain management since surgery and answer yes or no | 6 weeks | 
| Requests for opioid prescription refills by participants | Number of opioid refills required by participant requesting additional medication up to 6 weeks post operative | 2 weeks | 
| Requests for opioid prescription refills by participants | Number of opioid refills required by participant requesting additional medication up to 6 weeks post operative | 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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cesarean section, opioid prescription, narcotics, opioids, post operative pain