Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Blood Pressure

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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We compared the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise only, resistance exercise only, or a combination of both on blood pressure in overweight or obese middle-aged adults with elevated blood pressure. Participants engaged in supervised exercise sessions 3 times per week for 60 minutes each session. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Extra-intervention physical activity and diet were also assessed.

Official Title
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Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Blood Pressure

Conditions
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Cardiovascular Risk Factor

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise
* Behavioral: Resistance Exercise
* Behavioral: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Systolic/diastolic blood pressure of 120-159/80-99 mm Hg Non-smoking Overweight or obese, with a body mass index of 25-40 kg/m2 Inactive--not meeting the aerobic or resistance physical activity guidelines, which means engaging in less than 150 minutes/wk of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and less than 2 days per week of resistance training over the past 3 months. Exclusion Criteria: Unstable coronary heart disease or decompensated heart failure Severe pulmonary hypertension or aortic stenosis Acute myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis, or aortic dissection Other medical condition that is life-threatening or that can interfere or be aggravated by the exercise training such as cancer, uncontrolled diabetes, severe pain or mobility limitations. Premenopausal women or postmenopausal women taking hormonal replacement therapy Pregnant women or anticipated pregnancy via IVF or other medical procedures during the course of the intervention

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years
Maximum Age: 74 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomized controlled trial
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Aerobic exercise (AE)<br>Engage in supervised aerobic exercise for 60 minutes on 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Exercise is performed on a recumbent bike or treadmill at 50-80% of their heart rate reserve. | Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise<br>* 180 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise per week<br>|
| Experimental: Resistance exercise (RE)<br>Engage in supervised resistance exercise for 60 minutes on 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Exercise consists of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions of 12 exercises for the major muscle groups. | Behavioral: Resistance Exercise<br>* 180 minutes of resistance exercise per week<br>|
| Experimental: Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise<br>Engage in supervised aerobic resistance exercise for 60 minutes on 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Exercise consists of 30 min aerobic exercise at 50-80% heart rate reserve and 30 min of resistance exercise comprising 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions of 9 exercises for the major muscle groups. | Behavioral: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise<br>* 180 minutes of exercise per week with 90 minutes per week coming from moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise and 90 minutes per week coming from resistance exercise<br>|
| No Intervention: No training control<br>No exercise training. Participants will refrain from any moderate-vigorous exercise or resistance training for 8 weeks. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in resting blood pressure | resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Immediately before and after the 8 week intervention |