The Joint Effect of Air Pollution and Exercise on Cognitive Function

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A double-blind randomized controlled trial design is used in this study. A mixed design of 2 (pollution reduction group vs. no pollution reduction group) × 3 (high intensity intermittent exercise [HIIT], moderate intensity of aerobic exercise [MICT] and control group [CONT]) is used. 93 subjects recruited by advertising will be randomly divided into 6 groups: high intensity exercise group (pollution reduction vs no pollution reduction), moderate intensity aerobic exercise group (pollution reduction vs no pollution reduction) and Stretching group (Control) (pollution reduction vs no pollution reduction).

Detailed Description
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Environmental intervention program In the pollution reduction groups, the air purification system is used 2 hours before the subjects entered the room to minimize the indoor PM2.5 and PM10. Exercise intervention program including HIIT, MICT and Stretching (Control) group : The VO2max of all subjects are measured one week before the experiment. HIIT program: 20 minutes exercise of HIIT (1min of 100% VO2max and 1min of 50% VO2max alternately) and 10 minutes of warm-up and relaxation. MICT program: 20 minutes exercise of 70-75% VO2max and 10 minutes of warm-up and relaxation. Stretching control group: 30 minutes of stretching, posture adjustment and rehabilitation courses taught by professional therapists.

Official Title
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The Joint Effect of Air Pollution and Exercise on Cognitive Function

Conditions
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Exercise, Air Pollution, Cognition, Health Promotion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Exercise
* Behavioral: Air purification


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: No regular exercise in the past six months; Healthy people without history of disease; Aged between 20 and 30 years old. Exclusion Criteria: Professional athletes; Regular exercise in the past six months; People who are injured or have a history of disease in the past six months; People who have a history of taking medicine in the past six months.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Double blind randomized controlled trial
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: High intensity intermittent training<br>HIIT exercise program: 20 minutes HIIT exercise (1min 100% VO2max and 1min 50% VO2max alternately), and warm-up and relaxation before and after exercise for 10 minutes. | Behavioral: Exercise<br>* Two types of exercise intervention and control group<br>|
| Experimental: HIIT with pollution reduction<br>HIIT program: 20 minutes HIIT exercise (1min 100% VO2max and 1min 50% VO2max alternately), and warm-up and relaxation before and after exercise for 10 minutes; Environmental pollution intervention program: air purification system is used order to reduce the PM2.5 and PM10. | Behavioral: Exercise<br>* Two types of exercise intervention and control group<br>Behavioral: Air purification<br>* Air purification in order to reduce the PM2.5 and PM10<br>|
| Experimental: Moderate intensity continuous training<br>MICT program: 20 minutes of 70-75% VO2max exercise and 10 minutes of warm-up and relaxation before and after exercise. | Behavioral: Exercise<br>* Two types of exercise intervention and control group<br>|
| Experimental: MICT with pollution reduction<br>MICT program: 20 minutes of 70-75% VO2max exercise and 10 minutes of warm-up and relaxation before and after exercise; Environmental pollution intervention program: air purification system is used order to reduce the PM2.5 and PM10. | Behavioral: Exercise<br>* Two types of exercise intervention and control group<br>Behavioral: Air purification<br>* Air purification in order to reduce the PM2.5 and PM10<br>|
| Experimental: Stretch control group<br>Stretching control group: 30 minutes stretching, posture adjustment and rehabilitation courses is taught by professional therapist. | Behavioral: Exercise<br>* Two types of exercise intervention and control group<br>|
| Experimental: Control with pollution reduction<br>Stretching control group: 30 minutes stretching, posture adjustment and rehabilitation courses is taught by professional therapist. Environmental pollution intervention program: air purification system is used order to reduce the PM2.5 and PM10. | Behavioral: Exercise<br>* Two types of exercise intervention and control group<br>Behavioral: Air purification<br>* Air purification in order to reduce the PM2.5 and PM10<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of cognitive function | Cognitive function measured by computer-based tasks including executive function | Before and after acute exercise (about 30 minutes). | 
| Change of biomarkers | The cognitive-related biomarkers including brain derived neurotrophic factor | Before and after acute exercise (about 30 minutes). | 
| Change of oxyhemoglobin | Mearsurement of oxyhemoglobin using fNIRS | Before and after acute exercise (about 30 minutes). | 
| Change of transcriptions | The molecular response of exercise and environment through the measurement of peripheral blood | Before and after acute exercise (about 30 minutes). | 
| Change of metabonomics | The molecular response of exercise and environment through the measurement of peripheral blood | Before and after acute exercise (about 30 minutes). | 
| Change of cerebral blood flow | The blood flow of middle cerebral artery measured by ultrasonic doppler | Before and after acute exercise (about 30 minutes). | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of cognitive function | Cognitive function measured by computer-based tasks including executive function | Three months (from baseline to the third month) | 
| Change of aerobic capacity | The aerobic capacity measured by the gas metabolism analyzer | Three months (from baseline to the third month) | 
| Change of cerebral blood flow | The blood flow of middle cerebral artery measured by ultrasonic doppler | Three months (from baseline to the third month) | 
| Change of biomarkers | The cognitive-related biomarkers including brain derived neurotrophic factor | Three months (from baseline to the third month) | 
| Change of oxyhemoglobin | Mearsurement of oxyhemoglobin using functional near infrared spectroscopy | Three months (from baseline to the third month) | 
| Change of metabonomics | The molecular response of exercise through the measurement of peripheral blood | Three months (from baseline to the third month) | 
| Change of transcriptions | The molecular response of exercise through the measurement of peripheral blood | Three months (from baseline to the third month) |