Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Patient Positioning in EOS System®

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The EOS® imaging system, a new imaging modality which offers low dose, weight bearing and full body X-ray imaging, requires a new standing position where patients put their hands and forearms on the wall vertically for stability. Although this method provides enough support for the patients during the extended X-ray acquisition time, its impact on the postural balance and sagittal profile of the spine and sacro-pelvic parameters has not been evaluated. The goal of this study is to identify the impact of patients' arm positioning on the sagittal profile and postural balance of the patient and subsequently propose a standardized method for full spine X-ray acquisition in the EOS® imaging system.

Detailed Description
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Spino-pelvic sagittal analysis and postural assessment are important parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treatment and surgical planning.The three-dimensional (3D) shape of the spine is impacted by the patients' posture particularly in adolescents with flexible spinal curves. The latter highlights the importance of the patients' positioning during X-ray acquisition in order to avoid any misleading measurements that may adversely impact monitoring and surgical curve correction in AIS. Participating subjects will undergo two bi-planar X-rays in different positions. The positions will be instructed by the means of graphical presentation and verbal explanation by the radiology technician. The first standing position in the EOS® imaging system for full spinal X-ray acquisition will consist of putting both hands and forearms in front of the subject on the wall vertically. In the second position, knuckles are loosely placed on ipsi-lateral clavicles. Bi-planar X-rays will be taken in the EOS® imaging system for both positions. Moreover to compare the postural balance of the patient in the two described positions, a pressure mat will be placed in the EOS® system. The pressure mat will be calibrated with the EOS® system and permits to identify the position of the center of pressure (COP) with respect to the anatomical landmarks. The magnitude of pressure under the patients' feet will be measured during each X-ray and compared.

Official Title
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Patients' Arm Positioning in the EOS® Stereoradiography System: Study the Sagittal Spinal Parameters and Postural Balance in EOS® Full Spine X-rays in Scoliosis

Conditions
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Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: EOS® imaging system


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects age 10-18 Diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Prescribed bi-planar full spine X-ray images Must be able to stand still for 10 seconds without any support Must be able to follow verbal and visual instruction Exclusion Criteria: Previous surgical treatment Diagnosis of a neuro-muscular disorder Have supernumerary vertebrae, congenital deformities, spondylolisthesis, or spina bifida Have any other musculoskeletal disorder that impacts standing balance such as hip, knee, ankle pain and instability or lower back pain BMI higher than 30 Pregnant or lactating females Parents/guardians or subjects who, in the opinion of the Investigator, may be non-compliant with study schedules or procedures

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Subject Cohort<br>Two bi-planar full spinal X-rays will be taken using the EOS® imaging system with subjects standing in two different positions. The first x-ray will be taken while the subject's hands and forearms in front of them on the wall vertically. A second image will be taken while the subject's knuckles loosely placed on ipsi-lateral clavicles. A pressure mat will record the magnitude of pressure under the subjects' feet during each set of images. A third set of pressure mat recordings will be obtained while the subject is in a natural standing position with both arms hanging on either side (no x-ray images will be taking in this position). | Device: EOS® imaging system<br>* The EOS® imaging system is a low dose, 3-dimensional imaging system that provides weight bearing images which provide visual information with respect to the interaction between the joints and the rest of the musculoskeletal system, particularly the spine, hips and legs. The imaging system is used for clinical purposes with additional images captured as part of this study to collect data from subjects in two different arm positions during imaging.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Impact of the Patients' Arm Positioning on Clinical Evaluation of Bi-planar Spinal X-rays Using the EOS System - Spinal Sagittal Plane Parameters | Spinal (coronal and sagittal) and sacro-pelvic parameters were used to evaluate the equivalence between the spinal and pelvic parameters in the two arm positions. | Up to 30 minutes | 
| Impact of the Patients' Arm Positioning on Clinical Evaluation of Bi-planar Spinal X-rays Using the EOS System - Frontal Spinal Plane Parameters | Spinal (coronal and sagittal) and sacro-pelvic parameters were used to evaluate the equivalence between the spinal and pelvic parameters in the two arm positions. | Up to 30 minutes | 
| Impact of the Patients' Arm Positioning on Clinical Evaluation of Bi-planar Spinal X-rays Using the EOS System - Transverse Plane Parameters | Spinal (coronal and sagittal) and sacro-pelvic parameters were used to evaluate the equivalence between the spinal and pelvic parameters in the two arm positions. | Up to 30 minutes | 
| Impact of the Patients' Arm Positioning on Clinical Evaluation of Bi-planar Spinal X-rays Using the EOS System - Pelvic Sagittal Plane Parameters | Spinal (coronal and sagittal) and sacro-pelvic parameters were used to evaluate the equivalence between the spinal and pelvic parameters in the two arm positions. | Up to 30 minutes | 
| Impact of the Patients' Arm Positioning on Clinical Evaluation of Bi-planar Spinal X-rays Using the EOS System - Pressure Mat Parameters | Spinal (coronal and sagittal) and sacro-pelvic parameters were used to evaluate the equivalence between the spinal and pelvic parameters in the two arm positions. Images were only recorded during the wall and clavicle position, not during the natural standing position. Pressure mat parameters were recorded for both arm positions and compared to the natural standing position (arms hanging on either side). | Up to 30 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Scoliosis, Postural balance, Lordosis, Kyphosis, X-rays