Affective Responses Following Aerobic Exercise With Different Intensities

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to examine acute affective responses during and after a series of exercise sessions with different intensities in young healthy adults. The study is a randomized controlled trial with three different groups (A: moderate continuous training (MIT), B: high-intensity aerobe interval training (HAIT), C: high-intensity sprint interval training (HIIT)). Healthy adults aged 18-40 years (n=30) will be invited to participate. Each participant will perform a VO2max test followed by five session of the randomized type of training. The sessions will be completed within two weeks. The participants will complete questionnaires regarding exercise motivation (Behavioral Regulation of Exercise Questionnaire), mood (Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Profile of Mood States, Visual Analogue scale, Self-assessment Manikin Rating Scale) and perceived exhaustion (Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion scale). In addition, blood lactate and heart rate will be obtained during and after each session.

Detailed Description
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Physical activity has is considered as one of the most important health related aspects of the 21st century. In Norway, large epidemiological studies show that only about 30% of the adult population meet the physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes per week with moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Also, studies show that there are large dropout rates from lifestyle interventions, and that approximately 50% drop out from physical activity interventions within 6 months after start. One explanation for the dropout is performance of exercise with too vigorous intensities. Very vigorous intensity physical activity can be experienced as unpleasant. According to the dual-mode theory there are positive affective responses after low-to-moderate intensity physical activity, whereas vigorous intensity physical activity trigger negative affective responses which again can lead to reduced motivation for the exercise. Unfortunately, many of the studies performed on affective responses to exercise have used one session only. The studies who have examined changes in affective responses after series of exercise have used vigorous intensities above the anaerobic threshold, and it is therefore unknown whether similar affective responses occur in vigorous intensity aerobe exercise. The aim of this study is to examine acute affective responses during and after a series of exercise sessions with different intensities in young healthy adults. To examine this, a randomized controlled clinical trial with three different groups (moderate intensity training (MIT), high-intensity aerobic interval training (HAIT) and high-intensity sprint interval training (HIIT)) will be conducted. A power calculation showed need for recruitment of 30 participants. The sample will consist of healthy young adults. All participants will perform one VO2max test, and five sessions with the intensity they are randomized to. All six sessions (test + exercise sessions) will be conducted within two weeks.

Official Title
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Affective Responses Following Aerobic Exercise With Different Intensities

Conditions
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Health Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Affective response MIT
* Behavioral: Affective response HAIT
* Behavioral: Affective response HIIT


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy No high intensity interval training during the past three months prior to participation Regular exercise up to two sessions per week 18-40 years of age BMI <30 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Competing athlete Smoker Injury not compatible with performing the exercises BMI <16 kg/m2 Pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Affective response MIT<br>Moderate intensity continuous training 50 min with walking or running on approximately 75% of HRmax | Behavioral: Affective response MIT<br>* Examine acute affective responses during and after five sessions of endurance training with moderate intensity continuous training<br>|
| Experimental: Affective response HAIT<br>High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training 4x4 min with walking or running on 85-95% of HRmax 3 min active recovery between sets, intensity of approximately 70% of HRmax | Behavioral: Affective response HAIT<br>* Examine acute affective responses during and after five sessions of endurance training with high-intensity aerobic interval training<br>|
| Experimental: Affective response HIIT<br>High-Intensity Interval Training 4-6 x 30-sec sprints on tread mill, >95% HRmax during sprints 4 min recovery between sprints, intensity of approximately 70% of HRmax | Behavioral: Affective response HIIT<br>* Examine acute affective responses during and after five sessions of endurance training with high-intensity sprint interval training<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in self rated well-being rated on a Visual Analogue Scale | well-being rated on a Visual Analogue Scale | Two weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-reported change in affects using Positive and Negative Affect Scale | Positive and Negative Affect Scale | Two weeks | 
| Self-reported change in physical activity motivation using Behavioural Regulation of Exercise Questionnaire - 2 | Behavioural Regulation of Exercise Questionnaire - 2 | Two weeks | 
| Self-reported change in affective responses using Self-Assessment Manikin Rating Scale | Self-Assessment Manikin Rating Scale | Two weeks | 
| Self-reported change in mood using scale Profile of Mood States | Use of the standardized and validated scale Profile of Mood States | Two weeks | 
| Perceived exercise intensity during each exercise session using Borgs Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale (6-20) | Borgs RPE scale (6-20) | At minutes 0,10, 20, 40 and 50 in each exercise session | 
| Lactate during each exercise session (mMol/l) | Blood lactate samples (mMol/l) | At minutes 0,10, 20, 40 and 50 in each exercise session |