Exercise Periodization and Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The present study aimed at investigating the effects of two different resistance training protocols - nonperiodized (NP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) - on hemodynamic, morphofunctional and cognitive parameters of robust older women. Methods: Forty-two older women were randomized allocated into one of the three experimental groups: NP, DUP, and control group (CG). Evaluations of the hemodynamic, morphofunctional and cognitive parameters occurred before, during and after six months. The exercise groups performed the program of exercise twice a week over 22 weeks. In NP, the two weekly sessions were based on 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at a difficult intensity. However, in DUP, a power exercise session based on 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at a moderate intensity was added in the first session of the week.

Official Title
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Effects of Resistance Training Periodization on Hemodynamic, Morphofunctional and Cognitive Parameters of Robust Older Women.

Conditions
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Aging, Physical Activity, Sarcopenia, Cognitive Decline, Blood Pressure, Physical Disability

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Physical exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Aged ≥60 years; Female; Not having been part of a systematic program of physical exercises in the last 6 months; MEEM score >19 points; Kihon checklist score >10 points; Capacity to perform the basic and instrumental activities of daily living according to Katz and Pfeffer indexes; Self-reported good memory; Complete all measurements. Exclusion Criteria: Changes on antihypertensive medication in the past 6 months prior to inclusion in the study; Cardiovascular disease (i.e., acute myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and transient ischemic disease) Metabolic disease (i.e., diabetes mellitus type I or II), pulmonary disease (i.e., emphysema) Neurological and/or psychiatric disease (i.e., Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease) Skeletal muscle disorders Comorbidities associated with greater risk of falls Recent history of smoking or alcohol abuse Hormone replacement therapy and/or psychotropic drugs.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Nonperiodized resistance training<br>The Nonperiodized group performed was an intervention based on resistance exercise program with a constant intensity. | Other: Physical exercise<br>* The interventions proposed in the present trial were based on a safe and well-established exercise training program<br>|
| Experimental: Daily undulating periodized<br>The Daily undulating periodized program was an intervention based on daily alterations on exercise load. . | Other: Physical exercise<br>* The interventions proposed in the present trial were based on a safe and well-established exercise training program<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>The control group remained their regular habits of life during all study period, without engaging in physical exercise programs. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in transfer capacity in seconds | TUG performance | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in fat-free mass in kg | Fat-free mass | 6 months | 
| Changes in overall cognitive capacity in points | MEEM | 6 months | 
| Changes in blood pressure in mmHg | Blood Pressure | 6 months | 
| Changes in shor-term memory in points | Memory | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Older adults, Physical function, Muscle mass, Short-term memory, Executive function, Blood Pressure, Resistance training, Exercise training, Periodization