Optimising Medication With Focus on Deprescribing in Frail Older People With Multidose Drug Dispensing Systems

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Overuse is common in frail older people with polypharmacy, especially in frail older users of multidose drug dispensing (MDD) systems. In this study, we will investigate the effect of a clinical medication review (CMR) with integration of deprescribing (toolbox) on the number of ceased and dose lowered medications (persistent after 6 months) compared to usual care in older users of MDD systems with hyperpolypharmacy. We will perform a controlled cluster-randomized trial in 38 community pharmacies. Per pharmacy, 10 older patients (>= 75) with hyperpolyfpharmacy (>10 medicines in use) with a MDD will be included. Pharmacists will receive training to perform the intervention, a 5-step CMR with a deprescribing toolbox (including deprescribing protocols): 1) patient interview; 2) pharmacotherapeutic analysis; 3) pharmacist and GP discuss actions; 4) actions are discussed with patient; 5) (two)weekly follow-up.

Detailed Description
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AIM: is to investigate the effect of a clinical medication review in combination with a toolbox about deprescribing. STUDY DESIGN: a controlled cluster-randomized trial will be performed, in which participating pharmacists in the Netherlands will be randomized to conduct clinical medication reviews with 10 eligible patients (intervention) or to provide usual care (control). STUDY POPULATION: hyperpolypharmacy (≥ 10 chronic drugs) older patients (≥75 years) using a multidose drug dispensing (MDD) system INTERVENTION: the intervention at t=0 consists of a 5-step patient-centred CMR focuses on deprescribing supported by the toolbox developed in WP1. The CMR starts with a patient interview (step 1) by a community pharmacist focussing on patient's preferences with input from the questionnaires on healthproblems, frailty and patient wishes. After the pharmacotherapeutic analysis (step 2), the pharmacist and the GP discuss the identified patient preferences and possible actions, including deprescribing (step 3). When patients are treated for one of more disease by a hospital specialist, pharmacist or GP consults this physician when appropriate. The health care providers decide together with the patient which actions will be conducted and their priority. This will result in a pharmaceutical care plan taking into account the tapering schemes from the deprescribing protocols (step 4). All actions and deprescribing steps will be evaluated with the patient during at least two follow-up moments (or more according to the patient's needs) to monitor the results of the actions. The follow-up moments can be performed by nurse practitioners or GPs with consultation of the community pharmacist when needed, e.g. to adapt tapering schemes based on the patient's health problems or withdrawal symptoms (step 5). CONTROL: usual care. OUTCOME MEASURES: the primary outcome measure is the number of ceased or dose lowered drugs per patient persistent after 6 months. Secondary, PREMs and PROMs including quality of life will be measured, as well as intermediate outcomes and process related outcomes DATA-ANALYSIS: Intention-to-treat analysis and a per-protocol-analysis for the primary outcome and PROM, and an explorative subgroup analysis (age, gender, health problems, number of medicines in use). Descriptive analysis of other outcomes (intervention group only). SAMPLE SIZE: To detect an effect size of 1 ceased / dose lowered drug (standard deviation 2.5), 80% power and α=0.05, we need a total of 266 patients for the analysis of the primary outcome and to account for clustering effects within pharmacies (ICC = 0,05 and clustersize = 7). Taking loss to follow-up into account (35%), 38 teams need to recruit 10 patients each.

Official Title
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Optimising Medication With Focus on Deprescribing in Frail Older People With Multidose Drug

Conditions
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Deprescriptions, Polypharmacy, Primary Health Care, Community Pharmacy Services

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Clinical medication review focused on deprescribing


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: using a multidose drug dispensing system hyperpolypharmacy patient (using 10 drugs or more) age: 75 years or older Exclusion Criteria: received a CMR in the previous 12 months incapacitated patients for whom the general practitioner is not the primary practionar expected lifespan of less than six motnhs patients who live in a nursing home

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Intervention<br>The intervention at t=0 consists of a 5-step patient-centred CMR focused on deprescribing supported by a toolbox provided to the pharmacists | Other: Clinical medication review focused on deprescribing<br>* A pharmacist-led intervention consisting of a clinical medication review with the focus on deprescribing in older patients using multidose drug dispensing (MDD) systems. Pharmacist are trained in deprescribing and a developed toolbox to support the intervention is provided<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Usual care. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| number of ceased or dose lowered drugs per patient |  | 6 months after the start of the medication review (t = 6 months) |