Metabolic Impact of Fat Digestion

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, the investigators are interested in investigating how the emulsification state and amount of fat in a meal can modify the kinetics of postprandial lipemia and inflammatory outcomes (including endotoxemia) in obese vs lean subjects. 10 lean and 10 obese volunteers will come 3 times (>3 weeks apart) at the investigation center to receive a standard breakfast containing milk fat (10 g non emulsified, or 40 g non emulsified, or 40 g finely emulsified). 13C triglyceride stable isotopes will allow to follow the metabolic fate of fatty acids and calculate lipid oxidation by breath test. Blood sampling throughout digestion will allow to measure metabolic, lipid and inflammation parameters. Stool will be analysed to determine lipid losses in faeces and to phenotype microbiota.

Official Title
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Metabolic Impact of the Digestion of Fat in Emulsified vs Non-emulsified Form in Lean or Obese Volunteers

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: No smokers BMI 18 to 35 kg/m2 Moderate physical activity Safety subject during medical consultation Exclusion Criteria: Medical history which may affect lipid metabolism and gut microflora (renal -cardiovascular -hepatic- endocrine-inflammatory diseases) Drug use that could affect lipid metabolism and gut microflora (steroids, antilipemic agent, anorectic, antibiotic) Inflammatory or infectious disease in the last three month C Reactive Protein > 20 Prebiotic or probiotic high consumers (several times a day) Eating disorder Claustrophobic subjects

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 10 g non emulsified of milk fat<br>They are compared using the repeated measurements taken within subjects | Other: All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast<br>* All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast containing : 10 g non emulsified or 40 g non emulsified or 40 g finely emulsified of milk fat with stable isotope (13C triglyceride). The administration order is determined by randomized allocation. The wash-out period is three weeks. There are not diet or exercise interventions. Only, one week before and three days after, the subjects consume neither naturally enriched in 13C foods or pre/probiotics. In addition, three days before and three days after each test, the subjects receive dietary instructions<br>|
| Active Comparator: 40 g non emulsified of milk fat<br>The subjects receive three sequences of different breakfasts. They are compared using the repeated measurements taken within subjects. | Other: All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast<br>* All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast containing : 10 g non emulsified or 40 g non emulsified or 40 g finely emulsified of milk fat with stable isotope (13C triglyceride). The administration order is determined by randomized allocation. The wash-out period is three weeks. There are not diet or exercise interventions. Only, one week before and three days after, the subjects consume neither naturally enriched in 13C foods or pre/probiotics. In addition, three days before and three days after each test, the subjects receive dietary instructions<br>|
| Active Comparator: 40 g finely emulsified of milk fat<br>The subjects receive three sequences of different breakfasts. They are compared using the repeated measurements taken within subjects. | Other: All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast<br>* All subjects receive three sequences of a standard breakfast containing : 10 g non emulsified or 40 g non emulsified or 40 g finely emulsified of milk fat with stable isotope (13C triglyceride). The administration order is determined by randomized allocation. The wash-out period is three weeks. There are not diet or exercise interventions. Only, one week before and three days after, the subjects consume neither naturally enriched in 13C foods or pre/probiotics. In addition, three days before and three days after each test, the subjects receive dietary instructions<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time of appearance of plasma triglyceride peak after ingestion of emulsified vs unemulsified fat during breakfast |  | four hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kinectics of: Lipid oxidation plasma metabolite concentrations Endotoxemia and plasma markers of inflammation 13 C-fatty acid appearance in plasma | Subgroups analysis on subjects BMI amount of ingested fat and emulsified or unemulsified state of ingested fat | one day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nutrition, Lipid, Digestion, Endotoxemia, Inflammation, Metabolism, Stable Isotope, Obesity