Polypharmacy in Clozapine-resistant Schizophrenia

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this randomized, double-blind study is to verify the hypothesis that clozapine monotherapy is as efficient as a combination of clozapine and olanzapine therapy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. A third of schizophrenia patients are non -responders to medications used nowadays. These patients are usually treated with clozapine, but a large proportion of patients don't recover sufficiently. Therefore, these patients are treated with combination of two or more drugs to achieve better treatment results. Until now the scientific evidence has been insufficient to assess the utility of polypharmacy. The aim is to study during 2009 with voluntary patients, if there is any benefit of olanzapine augmentation compared with pure clozapine monotherapy. During the study the patients are not exposed to any additional intervention. The intervention in this study is just to reduce the previously used polypharmacy. Methods: This study lasts for 24 weeks. Participants (30) are randomized in one of two alternative interventions (A or B) before the study. After 12 weeks the intervention arms cross over (from A to B and from B to A). Group B: In addition to clozapine, the participants receive their normal dosage of olanzapine (=the same as on the hospital ward) for 12 weeks, next the decreasing dosage of olanzapine for four weeks and subsequently placebo for 8 weeks Group A: : In addition to clozapine the participants receive the decreasing dosage of olanzapine for four weeks, next placebo for 8 weeks, after that the increasing dosage of olanzapine for four weeks and subsequently the normal dosage of olanzapine for 8 weeks The response for the medical treatment is assessed by Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGIS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) -scale. The primary outcomes are GAF and modified CGIS during the parallel phase of the study (the first 12 weeks). The second phase (the last 12 weeks) of the cross-over study is used in the secondary analysis. The use of additional medication (such as benzodiazepines) is used as a secondary outcome measure.

Official Title
-----------------
Olanzapine Augmentation in Clozapine-resistant Schizophrenia: a Randomized Double-blind Study

Conditions
-----------------
Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: olanzapine
* Drug: placebo


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: age ≥18 years, (adult), legally competent the patient is able to understand the purpose of the study and is eligible to sign the written informed consent form. insufficient response to the valid clozapine-olanzapine -polypharmacy psychotropic medication has been constant (unchangeable) during the past 2 months Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: olanzapine (B)<br>Group B: In addition to clozapine, the participants receive their normal dosage of olanzapine (=the same as on the hospital ward) for 12 weeks, next the decreasing dosage of olanzapine for four weeks and subsequently placebo for 8 weeks. | Drug: olanzapine<br>* normal dosage of olanzapine (the same dosage as on hospital ward)<br>* Other names: Solazin;|
| Placebo Comparator: placebo (A)<br>Group A: : In addition to clozapine the participants receive the decreasing dosage of olanzapine for four weeks, next placebo for 8 weeks, after that the increasing dosage of olanzapine for four weeks and subsequently the normal dosage of olanzapine for 8 weeks. | Drug: placebo<br>* placebo<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The primary outcomes are GAF and modified CGIS during the parallel phase of the study (the first 12 weeks). |  | 0, 12, 24 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The second phase (the last 12 weeks) of the cross-over study is used in the secondary analysis. The use of additional medication (such as benzodiazepines) is used as a secondary outcome measure. |  | 0, 12, 24 weeks |