Paravertebral Versus Caudal Block in Pediatric PCNL

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To compare the efficacy of Ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral block versus ultrasound guided caudal epidural block in pediatric patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Detailed Description
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Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a commonly performed surgical procedure for complex upper renal tract calculi. Although the skin incision for PCNL appears small, the intensity of intraoperative and postoperative pain is significant owing to soft tissue injury. Paravertebral block is the technique of injecting local anesthetics in a space immediately lateral to where the spinal nerves emerge from the intervertebral foramina. This technique is used increasingly for intra-operative and post-operative. Caudal epidural block involves placing a needle through the sacral hiatus to deliver medications into the epidural space. This approach is used widely used for surgical anesthesia and analgesia in pediatric patients. this work aims to compare the efficacy of Ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral block versus ultrasound guided caudal epidural block in pediatric patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Official Title
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Ultrasound Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block Versus Ultrasound Guided Caudal Epidural Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Conditions
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Kidney Stones, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Paravertebral
* Procedure: Caudal block


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy Exclusion Criteria: Coagulation disorders Infection at the site of injection Allergy to the local anesthetics used Spinal cord abnormalities or neurological deficits

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Paravertebral<br>Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block | Procedure: Paravertebral<br>* Ultrasound-guided paravertebral block<br>|
| Active Comparator: Caudal<br>Caudal block | Procedure: Caudal block<br>* Caudal block<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood pressure during surgery in mmHg |  | through the surgery, an average of 2 hours | 
| Heart rate (beats/minute) |  | through the surgery, an average of 2 hours | 
| The concentration of sevoflurane in % |  | through the surgery, an average of 2 hours | 
| Postoperative pain using FLACC score |  | up to 12 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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paravertebral block, caudal block, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pediatric