The Importance of Sleep Quality and the Blood-brain Barrier in Cognitive Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of our study is the analysis of sleep phases and quality as well as the detection of respiratory pauses in subjects with cognitive disorder. To assess whether sleep quality is associated with the blood-brain barrier and Alzheimer's disease, which may be indicative of an early, non-invasively measurable change in brain activity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Detailed Description
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The aim of our study is the analysis of sleep phases and quality as well as the detection of respiratory pauses in subjects with cognitive disorder. To assess whether sleep quality is associated with the blood-brain barrier and Alzheimer's disease, which may be indicative of an early, non-invasively measurable change in brain activity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Sleep quality impairment is a known risk factor for memory impairment. There is increasing evidence of a link between measurable sleep parameters, in particular a reduction of slow waves of deep sleep in cognitive deficits. Also, breathing pauses during sleep are associated with increased daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment. This observational study is intended to establish a possible link between subjective memory disturbances and altered sleep quality or respiratory breaks during sleep. In the run-up to this study, they performed a special MRI scan of the head and a lumbar puncture (removal of nerve water) in a different context. The aim of this imaging study and the new biomarker in brain water was to investigate the function of the blood-brain barrier that occurs in Alzheimer's disease. The results of the studies on the quality of sleep should be evaluated in the context of this study in connection with the findings of the MRI examination and lumbar puncture.

Official Title
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The Importance of Sleep Quality and the Blood-brain Barrier in Cognitive Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease

Conditions
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Blood Brain Barrier Defect, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Apnea, Alzheimer Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Diagnostic Test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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The eligibility criteria are defined by the study protocol from the observational study DZNE - Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Healthy controls<br>Healthy controls recruited through public advertisement. | Diagnostic Test: Diagnostic Test<br>* Diagnostic Test: Contrast agentenhanced MRI using Gadovist by using the contrast agent Gadovist we aim to visualize the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, we aim to measure a newly developed biomarker of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebro-spinal fluid. And sleep quality measurement with a polysomnography.<br>|
| Siblings of people with Alzheimer's dementia<br>Siblings of people with Alzheimer's dementia recruited through public advertisement | Diagnostic Test: Diagnostic Test<br>* Diagnostic Test: Contrast agentenhanced MRI using Gadovist by using the contrast agent Gadovist we aim to visualize the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, we aim to measure a newly developed biomarker of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebro-spinal fluid. And sleep quality measurement with a polysomnography.<br>|
| Subjective cognitive decline<br>Individuals who subjectively experience cognitive decline but do not show deficits in age-, sex- and education-normed neuropsychological test results. Those individuals are part of the DELCODE cohort and were initially recruited in a memory clinic. | Diagnostic Test: Diagnostic Test<br>* Diagnostic Test: Contrast agentenhanced MRI using Gadovist by using the contrast agent Gadovist we aim to visualize the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, we aim to measure a newly developed biomarker of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebro-spinal fluid. And sleep quality measurement with a polysomnography.<br>|
| Mild cognitive impairment<br>Individuals who show deficits in neuropsychological test procedures but who do not exhibit substantial problems in daily life. Those individuals are part of the DELCODE cohort and were initially recruited in a memory clinic. | Diagnostic Test: Diagnostic Test<br>* Diagnostic Test: Contrast agentenhanced MRI using Gadovist by using the contrast agent Gadovist we aim to visualize the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, we aim to measure a newly developed biomarker of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebro-spinal fluid. And sleep quality measurement with a polysomnography.<br>|
| Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease<br>Individuals diagnosed with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease by relying on anamnesis, neuropsychological test results, results of MRI and biomarkers found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Those individuals are part of the DELCODE cohort and were initially recruited in a memory clinic. | Diagnostic Test: Diagnostic Test<br>* Diagnostic Test: Contrast agentenhanced MRI using Gadovist by using the contrast agent Gadovist we aim to visualize the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, we aim to measure a newly developed biomarker of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebro-spinal fluid. And sleep quality measurement with a polysomnography.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Marker of blood-brain dysfunction using MRI | Dynamic T1 contrast enhanced sequence using Gadovist | 1 day | 
| Markers of blood-brain dysfunction using CSF | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β in CSF | 1 day | 
| Sleep quality measurement | Polysomnography | 2 day |