Effect of Different Foot Orthosis Inverted Angles on Walking Kinematics in Females With Flexible Flatfeet

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Inverted orthosis is a type of rigid foot orthosis that was designed to aid in controlling high degrees of foot pronation. It is essential to administer patients foot orthoses with different inverted angles, with higher angles prescribed when greater reduction of foot pronation is indicated. However, there is shortage of clinical knowledge regarding the inverted angle in terms of biomechanical changes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different inverted angles of foot orthoses on the walking kinematics in females with flexible flatfeet.

Official Title
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Effect of Different Foot Orthosis Inverted Angles on Walking Kinematics in Females With Flexible Flatfeet

Conditions
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Flexible Flatfoot

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Inverted foot orthoses


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Females Within the age group of 18-35 years Asymptomatic flexible flatfeet Resting Calcaneal Stance Position angle of ≥ 4° in valgus in both feet (bilateral) Exclusion Criteria: Previous surgery of the lower limbs or spine that might affect the performance of the study procedures Any severe medical or musculoskeletal conditions that may have affected the lower limbs Fixed flatfoot deformity Leg length discrepancy (> 1cm) Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 25° inverted angle foot orthoses<br> | Device: Inverted foot orthoses<br>* Inverted functional orthoses will be used in this study based on Blake (1986) inverted orthotic technique. Two groups of foot orthosis will be fabricated with two different inverted angles: 25° inverted angle and 15° inverted angle.<br>|
| Experimental: 15° inverted angle foot orthoses<br> | Device: Inverted foot orthoses<br>* Inverted functional orthoses will be used in this study based on Blake (1986) inverted orthotic technique. Two groups of foot orthosis will be fabricated with two different inverted angles: 25° inverted angle and 15° inverted angle.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lower limb kinematics | Lower limb kinematics will be processed and calculated using a motion capture system (SMART-DX, BTS Bioengineering, Milan, Italy). The following kinematic variables will be obtained for each subject : (i) maximum hip extension angle, (ii) maximum hip adduction angle, (iii) maximum hip external rotation angle, (iv) maximum knee flexion angle during loading response, (v) maximum knee extension angle during midstance, (vi) maximum knee flexion angle at toe off, (vii) minimum knee abduction angle, (viii) maximum knee abduction angle, (ix) maximum knee external rotation angle, (x) maximum knee internal rotation angle, (xi) maximum ankle plantarflexion angle during loading response, (xii) maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle during midstance, (xiii) maximum ankle plantarflexion angle at toe off, (xiv) maximum ankle external rotation angle, (xv) maximum ankle internal rotation angle. | Through study completion, an average of 1 year. |