Antenatal Education Based on Improving Health Literacy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of antenatal education based on improving health literacy on the adaptation of pregnancy, general self-efficacy, fear of childbirth, and health literacy in primiparous pregnant women. Design: It was a randomized controlled trial. Method: The research was carried out in a city located in the Marmara region of Turkey between July 2018 and April 2019. It was conducted with three groups, including one control (n=73) and two intervention groups (n=109). One of the intervention group was given antenatal education based on improving health literacy (n=53), and the other was only provided with antenatal education (n=56). Pregnancy Information Form, Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, Pregnancy Related Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Health Literacy-TR32 scale were used for data collection.

Detailed Description
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Background: Pregnant women get themselves ready to give birth, maternity and parenting through antenatal education. These trainings make it easier to adapt to the processes in which pregnant women experience change. They also provide an important opportunity to support and maintain the competence and motivation to manage health responsibility. Aim: To evaluate the impact of antenatal education intervention based on improving health literacy in order for primiparous pregnant women to; accept the pregnancy and adopt the role of maternity; increase the level of general self-efficacy and health literacy; reduce the fear of childbirth; and support the level of breastfeeding. Design: It is an experimental and randomized controlled trial. Method: The research was carried out in a town located in the Marmara region of Turkey between April 2019 and July 2018. It was conducted with three groups, including one control (73) and two training groups (109). One of the training group was given antenatal education based on improving health literacy (HL-AE) (53), and the other was only provided with antenatal education (AE) (56). Pregnancy identification form, prenatal self-evaluation questionnaire, pregnancy related anxiety scale, general self-efficacy scale, Turkey health literacy -32 scale and postpartum data collection form were used for data collection.

Official Title
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The Effect of Antenatal Education Based on Improving Health Literacy on Adaptation of Pregnancy, General Self-Efficacy, Fear of Childbirth, and Health Literacy in Primiparous Pregnant Women: A Randomized Control Study

Conditions
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Antenatal Education

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Antenatal Education


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Volunteer primiparous pregnant women 18 years and over, No have any disease In the second trimester Exclusion Criteria: Not participating in five-week education, Any complications developed during the education period Voluntarily leaving.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: intervention group-antenatal education of health literacy (HL-AE)<br>It is the group that is given antenatal education based on improving health literacy (HL-AE). | Behavioral: Antenatal Education<br>* educational intervention<br>* Other names: antenatal education based on improving health literacy;|
| Experimental: intervention group-Antenatal Education (AE)<br>It is the group that gives antenatal education (AE) | Behavioral: Antenatal Education<br>* educational intervention<br>* Other names: antenatal education based on improving health literacy;|
| Experimental: Control group<br>No Intervention | Behavioral: Antenatal Education<br>* educational intervention<br>* Other names: antenatal education based on improving health literacy;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) | The scale was developed by Lederman et al. in 1979 to evaluate the adaptation of women to pregnancy and birth in the prenatal period (Lederman & Weis, 2009). The scale is a four-point Likert type consisting of seven subscales and 79 items. The highest score that can be obtained from the scale is 316 and the lowest one is 79. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was made by Beydağ and Mete (Cronbach's alpha=.83) (Beydağ & Mete, 2008).Two subscales of acceptance of pregnancy and defining the role of maternity were used for the research. Values that can be taken as an acceptance of pregnancy are between 14-56. Values that can be taken as the acceptance of the role of maternity are 15-60. A low score indicates that the mother's adaptation is better. | five weeks | 
| Fear of Childbirth and The Postpartum Period Scale | The scale was developed by Kitapçıoğlu et al in 2008 to evaluate the concerns about delivery and postpartum period. It is a five-point Likert-type scale. Scale includes 61 question items, and they are scored between 0-10 (Cronbach's alpha=.95). Decrease in the scale mean score shows that the concerns about childbirth are decreasing (Kitapçıoğlu et al., 2008). | five weeks | 
| General Self-Efficacy Scale | An original 23-item form was developed by Sherer et al (Sherer et al., 1982). The validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Yıldırım and İlhan, and a scale of 17 questions was created. The scale's total score ranges from 17 to 85 (Cronbach alpha=.80). The increase in the score shows that the belief in self-efficacy has increased (Yildirim & Ilhan, 2010). | five weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Turkey Health Literacy Scale-32 | It is a self-report scale developed to evaluate health literacy in adult individuals. The scale is based on the conceptual framework developed by the European Health Literacy Research Consortium. It was developed by Abacigil et al. (Cronbach alpha=.95). Each item is 4 degrees to indicate 1=Very easy, 2=Easy, 3=Hard, 4=Very hard. Codes were reversed when calculating the score. In terms of ease of calculation, the total score has been standardized with the help of the following formula to take a value between 0-50 (Abacigil et al., 2019). | five weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Antenatal Education, General Self-Efficacy, Fear of Childbirth, Health Literacy