Association Between Food/Nutrient Intake and Sleep Quality in Middle Aged and Older Population

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Sleep is essential to health. Quality of sleep, measure through indexes of sleep, is related to the incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and premature death. Sleep pattern changes as people age. They tend to have a harder time falling asleep and more trouble staying asleep than when they were younger. Studies have shown that food/nutrient intake may be associated with sleep duration, quality, and patterns. Singapore's population is aging rapidly and improving their indexes of sleep may result in their health promotion.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Sleep is essential to health and indexes of sleep including duration, quality, and patterning are related to the incidence of chronic diseases and premature death. Changes in sleep patterns are a part of the aging process and as people age, they tend to have a harder time falling asleep and more trouble staying asleep than when they were younger. Certain cross-sectional studies have shown that food/nutrient intake may be associated with sleep duration, quality, and patterns. In the last decade, Singapore's population has grown older. However, limited research examined the association between food/nutrient intake and indexes of sleep in middle-aged and older population in Singapore. Therefore, with a growing number of elderly, studies on improving their sleep quality can play a significant role in improving their quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study and subjects require a 1-day visit (one time visit ONLY). Generally healthy middle-aged and older population will be recruited and after the phone screening and validated subjects will complete the medical history questionnaire and to be brought on the day of visit. During the visit, subjects will stay approximately 3-h to complete the testing. After completing the consent form, fasting-state blood collection and general health assessment will be conducted. Then subjects will be asked to complete the questionnaires to assess sleep quality and dietary intake.

Official Title
-----------------
Association Between Food/Nutrient Intake and Sleep Quality in Middle Aged and Older Population

Conditions
-----------------
Sleep

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Ability to give an informed consent Age 50 to 75 years Not taking dietary supplements which may impact the outcome of the interests (I.e. dietary protein and vitamin supplements) Not having significant dietary changes for the past 1 year (i.e. weight loss, vegetarian diet) Having sufficient venous access to allow the blood collection Willing to follow the study procedure Exclusion Criteria: Unable to give an informed consent Age < 50 years Taking dietary supplements which may impact the outcome of the interest (i.e. dietary proteins and vitamin supplements) Having/had significant dietary changes for the past 1 year Not having sufficient venous access to allow the blood collection Unwilling to follow the study procedure

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 50 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (GSS) | Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Global Sleep Score (GSS): 0-21 (arbitrary unit; au) A lower value indicates better sleep quality | Day 1 | 
| Sleep Quality Assessment 2 | Sleep evaluation questionnaire Score: 0-56 (arbitrary unit) Lower score suggests better sleep | Day 1 | 
| Dietary Assessment | Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) | Day 1 | 
| Dietary Assessment 2 (Dietary Carotenoids) | 3 Day 24-Hr Dietary Recall: Participants will be given a diagram showing serving sizes that they can refer to for measurements. Only 3 out of the 7 days of the week are required for the participants to record their food intake. Results are reported as the average value of the analysed nutrients (dietary carotenoids) across the 3 days the dietary data was collected. | Day 3 | 
| Blood Amino Acid Concentration (Plasma Tryptophan) | Amino acid analysis on collected blood serum for blood amino acid profile. | Day 1 | 
| Dietary Assessment 2 (Dietary Macronutrients) | 3 Day 24-Hr Dietary Recall: Participants will be given a diagram showing serving sizes that they can refer to for measurements. Only 3 out of the 7 days of the week are required for the participants to record their food intake. Results are reported as the average value of the analysed nutrients (dietary fat) across the 3 days the dietary data was collected. | Day 3 | 
| Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Duration) | Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep duration (hours) | Day 1 | 
| Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Latency) | Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep latency (minutes) | Day 1 | 
| Sleep Quality Assessment 1 (Sleep Efficiency) | Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) Sleep efficiency (%) | Day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood Pressure | Blood pressure using electronic devices that work on the oscillometric technique. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure are both collected and reported | Day 1 | 
| Anthropometric Measurements 1 | Height (kg) | Day 1 | 
| Anthropometric Measurements 2 | Weight (kg) | Day 1 | 
| Anthropometric Measurements 3 | Waist circumference (cm) | Day 1 | 
| Skin Carotenoid Status | Measure with resonance Raman spectroscopy. A higher score is indicative of raised skin carotenoid levels and hence, a better outcome | Day 1 | 
| Perceived Stress Assessment | Perceived stress assessment (PSS) questionnaire Score: 0-40 (arbitrary unit; au) A higher score indicates higher perceived stress | Day 1 | 
| Blood Lipid and Glucose Profile | Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, hdl-cholesterol and glucose concentration | Day 1 | 
| Plasma Carotenoids Concentration | High performance liquid chromatography quantitative analyses of carotenoids in plasma samples | Day 1 | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Nutrients, Diet, Sleep Quality, Middle-aged adults, Older adults