Oral Health for Healthy Cognitive Aging

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Oral health is a critical factor of systemic health, although usually forgotten. A potential relation between cognitive deficits and oral diseases has been suggested. Adult cognitive dysfunctions have a high impact, not only economic, but social and in the family environment. Based on anatomical connectivity between the oral cavity and the central nervous system, the proposed study hypothesizes that masticatory function is a relevant determinant of human cognitive health. The restoration of canonical masticatory function and masticatory training could help to delay the development of such conditions. This project will also test if restoring phasic masticatory function improves the execution of cognitive tasks.

Detailed Description
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Objective 1: To determine volumetric and anatomical changes of subcortical structures and cortical areas involved in the masticatory circuit and superior cognitive functions. Objective 2: To determine the functional and brain connectivity changes associated with malocclusion and oral health. Objective 3: To correlate the anatomic and functional changes associated with malocclusion and oral health with the performance of cognitive tasks representative of those executed in daily life.

Official Title
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Oral Health for Healthy Cognitive Aging

Conditions
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Malocclusion, Dementia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Dental occlusion restoration
* Procedure: Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: For Dental occlusion restoration groups: Need of, at least, two molar teeth replacement in the same quadrant. For Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion groups: Class I, II or III malocclusion. Exclusion Criteria: Psychoactive drug. Central nervous system depressor. Patients not willing or not able to consent.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention 1<br>Dental occlusion restoration by placement of dental implants and prosthesis on missing teeth. | Procedure: Dental occlusion restoration<br>* Placement of dental implants by surgical intervention followed, after a healing period of 2 months, by fabrication and installation of implant supported dental prosthesis<br>|
| Other: Wait list control 1<br>Group of patients that will be evaluated until they receive the dental occlusion restoration procedure. | Procedure: Dental occlusion restoration<br>* Placement of dental implants by surgical intervention followed, after a healing period of 2 months, by fabrication and installation of implant supported dental prosthesis<br>|
| Experimental: Intervention 2<br>Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion. | Procedure: Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion<br>* Orthodontic therapy to treat malocclusion<br>|
| Other: Wait list control 2<br>Group of patients that will be evaluated until they receive the orthodontic treatment of malocclusion. | Procedure: Orthodontic treatment of malocclusion<br>* Orthodontic therapy to treat malocclusion<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of occlusion units | Number of teeth occluding with opposing teeth | Baseline, 6, 12 and 36 months | 
| Change of cerebral activity | Functional MRI | Baseline, 6, 12 and 36 months | 
| Change of cognitive function | Verbal fluency | Baseline, 6, 12 and 36 months | 
| Change of frame of mind | Beck test | Baseline, 6, 12 and 36 months | 
| Change of resting brain activity | Electroencephalographic activity | Baseline, 6, 12 and 36 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dental Occlusion, Oral Health, Mastication, Dementia, Psychological health