Pain in Competitive Athletes With Physical Disabilities and Techniques for Its Management

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
There are psychosocial factors that affect pain, and therefore, psychological intervention techniques have been added to its usual pharmacological and physiotherapeutic treatment. Despite the abundant evidence that addresses psychosocial factors as clear mediators in the perception of pain, the use of psychological techniques for pain management in competitive athletes, and more especially in competitive athletes with physical disabilities, is scarce. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the perception of high-level competitive athletes with physical disability and sports agents (coaches, physiotherapists and psychologists).

Detailed Description
-----------------
Qualitative study with in-depth interviews to find out the perception of sports agents (coaches, physiotherapists and psychologists) and athletes on how pain can affect the development of the sports career and to determine what techniques are known and/or implemented by sports agents (coaches, physiotherapists and psychologists) and athletes to manage pain.

Official Title
-----------------
Pain in Competitive Athletes With Physical Disabilities and Techniques for Its Management

Conditions
-----------------
Athletic Injuries, Physical Disability, Chronic Pain

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Qualitative study. Pain in competitive athletes with physical disabilities and techniques for its management.


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: For the athlete: Physical disability. Participate in high performance competition Aged between 15 and 55 years old; For the sports agents: To exercise their profession with high performance athletes with physical disabilities Exclusion Criteria: Not meeting the above requirements

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 15 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| 20 participants were interviewed on a voluntary basis<br>A total of 20 participants were interviewed on a voluntary basis (7 competitive athletes with 17 physical disabilities, 4 physiotherapists, 5 coaches and 4 psychologists) | Other: Qualitative study. Pain in competitive athletes with physical disabilities and techniques for its management.<br>* This study used a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive methodology, with a semi-structured interview technique. The purpose was to respond to the specific objectives set out in this research from the perspective of competitive athletes and sports agents (physiotherapist, coach and psychologist). The thematic cores that served as a script for the interview were for the athletes and sports agents 1) sporting characteristics of the professionals; 2) perception of how pain affects this type of athlete and what repercussions it has on the development of their sporting career, and 3) knowledge of techniques and/or strategies for pain management (athlete, coach and psychologist). The interviews were conducted via skype. After transcription of all the interviews, validation by the interviewees was applied for the reliability of the research. Two types of triangulation were applied to ensure the quality of the data.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perception of pain in competitive athletes with physical disabilities and techniques for its management.(Qualitative methodology). | This research focuses on the subjective reality of individuals regarding their life experiences of how pain can affect a sporting career. It was based on a relativistic ontology, situated in an overlapping phenomenological and interpretative epistemology.The organisation of the information collected was carried out with Nuevo NVivo text processing software. The codes extracted from the thematic analysis were entered. Followed by a thematic analysis of their content and according to the specific objectives of the study. The steps followed were those proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006). Two types of triangulation were applied (Flick, 2014): investigator and data triangulation. Pain has a negative impact on the athlete's sporting career: directly or indirectly through the psychological consequences. Athletes perceive that support of a psychologist are performance oriented and not pain management. | 2 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Athlete, Physical disability, Competition, Chronic pain, Psychological models