Effectiveness of Muscular Work and Genetic Variants in Strength Gain of Ischiofemoral and Quadriceps

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In the field of sports training and recovery, the work of muscular strength has become the star theme in terms of its influence on the performance of athletes. In fact, in relation to the training of the inferior members, the scientific evidence indicates that, to increase the other two physical qualities conditioned (speed and resistance), it is necessary to work and to increase the muscular strength. Randomized intervention trial with sample size of 80 subjects divided into 4 groups (n = 20) of muscular work: concentric, eccentric, concentric-eccentric and isometric. Ages between 21-23 years. For all the above, the investigators will study as a main objective analyze what type of muscular work is most effective in order to improve some variables of the performance of explosive muscular strength, and to try to determine if that improvement is due, exclusively to the developed training or to the genetics of the subjects and compare the results obtained in the variables of vertical jump, power of saint, horizontal jump and speed 60 meters, before and after the execution of each one of the muscular works dynamic among themselves, and compared to the muscular work isometric.

Detailed Description
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In the field of sports training and recovery, the work of muscular strength has become the star theme in terms of its influence on the performance of athletes. In fact, in relation to the training of the inferior members, the scientific evidence indicates that, to increase the other two physical qualities conditioned (speed and resistance), it is necessary to work and to increase the muscular strength. To this end, numerous training methods have been developed, in which research and technology provide new solutions that favor and enhance the muscular work done. Therefore, in the performance of an athlete this work of force influences, and what this implies: type of muscular contraction, way of working that contraction, recruitment of the muscular fiber, and modality of muscular strength developed. But, this performance, it appears that it can also be influenced by environmental parameters such as diet, technological support and genetic factors. It has been discovered in the human genome 12 million of polymorphisms, but it is only recorded that some 214 may have influence on physical qualities, and all of them, the most studied in terms of their influence on sports performance are: genes Muscular, and more specifically the ACTN3, and vasomotor genes that affect the production of energy and that intervene in metabolic processes (ACE gene). Design: Randomized intervention clinical trial, double blinded. Sample: by contrast of hypothesis, a sample size of 80 subjects divided into 4 groups (n = 20) of muscular work: concentric, eccentric, concentric-eccentric and isometric. They were randomized using excel software. As criteria of inclusion, subjects that did not present musculoskeletal lesions in the lower train at the time of the study, which showed a serious commitment to perform the entire muscle training, which were not subject to another type of plan Training that could interfere with the results obtained from the measurement of the study variables, and that would not have been diagnosed with hypertension. Methodology: The duration of the muscular work was 12 consecutive days, measuring before and after the same variables indicated below. The protocol of work was as follows: 4 series of 12 repetitions of the type of muscular contraction of each group, with one minute of rest between series and series. For the muscular work isometric: 6 seconds of contraction, with 20 seconds of rest, for a total working time of 12 minutes. As a material for muscular work, the muscle brace or Russian belt was used for the three types of dynamic muscular work and the quadriceps bench for isometric muscular work. Other variables that were taken into account were: sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure and heart rate. As explosive force variables were measured: The Jump Power (Sayers formula), the vertical jump (the Sargent jump test), horizontal jump and speed 60 meters. Other variables that were taken into account were: sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure and heart rate. At the end of the 12 days of training was extracted 10 ml of blood to each subject of the sample, then obtain the DNA analysis of the genotypes of the two genes analyzed.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of Muscular Work in Strength Gain of Ischiofemoral and Quadriceps: Relationshionship of Genetic Variants in Improvement of Explosive Force

Conditions
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Muscle Strength, Genetics

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Concentric-eccentric muscular work
* Genetic: Genetic polymorphism


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects that did not present musculoskeletal lesions in the lower train at the time of the study. Subjects that showed a serious commitment to perform the entire muscle training. Subjects not subject to another type of training plan that could interfere with the results obtained from the measurement of the study variables. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with high blood pressure.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 23 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Concentric muscular work<br>4 series of 12 repetitions of concentric muscular work, with one minute rest between each repetitions, total working time of 24 minutes. | Device: Concentric-eccentric muscular work<br>* For muscular contraction, the physiotherapist carried out 12 repetitions with one minute rest between series and series, total working time of 12 minutes.<br>* Other names: Horizontal jump;Genetic: Genetic polymorphism<br>* Genetic polymorphism study by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to determine whether the genetic makeup of individuals for the improvement of muscular work in the results of the study.<br>* Other names: ACE gene;|
| Experimental: Eccentric muscular work<br>4 series of 12 repetitions of eccentric muscular work, with one minute rest between each repetitions, total working time of 24 minutes. | Device: Concentric-eccentric muscular work<br>* For muscular contraction, the physiotherapist carried out 12 repetitions with one minute rest between series and series, total working time of 12 minutes.<br>* Other names: Horizontal jump;Genetic: Genetic polymorphism<br>* Genetic polymorphism study by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to determine whether the genetic makeup of individuals for the improvement of muscular work in the results of the study.<br>* Other names: ACE gene;|
| Experimental: Concentric-eccentric muscular work<br>4 series of 12 repetitions of concentric-eccentric muscular work, with one minute rest between each repetitions, total working time of 24 minutes. | Device: Concentric-eccentric muscular work<br>* For muscular contraction, the physiotherapist carried out 12 repetitions with one minute rest between series and series, total working time of 12 minutes.<br>* Other names: Horizontal jump;Genetic: Genetic polymorphism<br>* Genetic polymorphism study by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to determine whether the genetic makeup of individuals for the improvement of muscular work in the results of the study.<br>* Other names: ACE gene;|
| Experimental: Isometric muscular work<br>6 seconds of contraction, with 20 seconds of rest with 24 repetitions, for a total working time of 12 minutes. | Device: Concentric-eccentric muscular work<br>* For muscular contraction, the physiotherapist carried out 12 repetitions with one minute rest between series and series, total working time of 12 minutes.<br>* Other names: Horizontal jump;Genetic: Genetic polymorphism<br>* Genetic polymorphism study by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to determine whether the genetic makeup of individuals for the improvement of muscular work in the results of the study.<br>* Other names: ACE gene;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jump power | Mechanical power in jump tests were measured by estimated (indirect way) from a subject's jump height and body mass, by means of Sayers equation. | Changes from baseline and at the end of procedure (12 days) | 
| Vertical jump | The protocol followed for the measurement was; First time: When the patient was barefoot, he placed himself sideways to a smooth wall and raised his right arm with his hand flat on the wall; The distance from the ground to the third finger of the hand (H1) was then measured. Second time: The subject was impregnated the third finger of the right hand in blue chalk powder, separated 10 centimeters from the wall and made a jump back movement with freedom to flex the lower limbs to the 90 º and move the arms, to consecutively and without any pause make a maximum vertical jump. Subsequently, this new distance was measured. This jump was made three times with a break between jump and jump of 45 seconds, and the average of the three (H2) was obtained. Third time: The value of the vertical jump was H = h1-h2. | Changes from baseline and at the end of procedure (12 days) | 
| Horizontal jump | On a smooth and horizontal surface, different marks were made distanced one meter each. In the first mark the subject was placed with the feet slightly separated at the height of the hips. Then a first test jump was made; To do so, the subject was told to swing with his arms and bending his knees, he had to jump forward with the greatest possible power. Once this first Test jump was made, the second measurement was carried out, the result of which was taken into account. This result was obtained in centimeters by means of measuring tape, with a precision of one millimeter (mm), and having as points of reference the first mark and the heel of the foot more retarded. The jump was not valid if the first mark was exceeded with the feet before taking off from the ground. | Changes from baseline and at the end of procedure (12 days) | 
| 60 meters sprint | On an unobstructed sand surface, a distance of 60 meters was pointed out. The measurement in seconds of this variable was obtained by means of a stopwatch. | Changes from baseline and at the end of procedure (12 days) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ACTN3 polymorphism | Blood sample was taken from 10ml in EDTA tube to all subjects in the study and by PCR analyzed the polymorphism R577X which is defined in the bibliography as a predetermined for the type of muscle fibers. | Baseline. | 
| ACE polymorphism | Blood sample was taken from 10ml in EDTA tube to all subjects in the study and by PCR analyzed the polymorphism I/D that is defined in the bibliography as influential in blood pressure. | Baseline. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Jump test, Genetic polymorphism, Muscle strength, Physiotherapies techniques