Stereotype Threat Effect on CPR Performance in Covid-19 Intensive Care Units: A Randomised Controlled Mannequin Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Stereotype threat (ST) is an important issue that has been studied repeatedly in the psychology literature. ST is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Most people are members of a social group associated with at least one negative stereotype. Therefore, many people in society may be the target of stereotype threat. Previous research has shown that the individual performance of people in groups identified with negative stereotypes, who are exposed to stereotype threat, decreases. The ST may arise when there is an environment in which the skills of the person that may be affected by a stereotype associated with his/her group can be measured, or if this stereotype has become evident. In Covid-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of intensive care patients in our country and around the World. Due to this rapid increase, the number of intensivist physicians is insufficient, and non-intensivist physicians from various branches are assigned to intensive care units. In social media and newspaper reports, it was stated that non-intensivist physicians have insufficient knowledge and skills in intubation and in the treatment of lung infection, and the public was asked to take precautions. However, these physicians were expected to treat lung infections and intubate the patients in intensive care units during pandemics. It is unknown to what extent such negative stereotypes, established or already existing, affect the performance of non-intensivist physicians during their appointment to the intensive care units during the pandemic. As in all other departments, the most basic task expected from doctors in intensive care units is effective basic life support applied for the treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support model that is mandatory taught in medical schools. For this reason, it is expected that all doctors, regardless of their specialties, will be able to perform CPR effectively. The use of manikins is quite common in order to standardize CPR training and performance measurement. The aim of this study is to evaluate how non-intensivist physicians assigned to intensive care units during the pandemic are affected by stereotype threat and to investigate the necessary conditions to prevent a possible decrease in performance in these physicians.

Official Title
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Stereotype Threat Effect on CPR Performance in Covid-19 Intensive Care Units: A Randomised Controlled Mannequin Study

Conditions
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Stereotype-threat, COVID-19

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: stereotype threat manipulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1- To have worked in the Covid-19 intensive care unit during the pandemic Exclusion Criteria: Not meeting the above criteria Not willing to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: It will be a 2x2 between-subject factorial design. Simulation CPR scores will be the dependent variable. Being an intensivist or non-intensivist and stereotype threat will be the independent variables of the study. There will be four groups to be compared: intensivist in the experimental group (1), intensivist in the control group (2), non-intensivist in the experimental group (3), non-intensivist in the control group (4).
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: intensivist in the experimental group<br>Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. | Other: stereotype threat manipulation<br>* Stereotype threat is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist and non-intensivist participants in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. For manipulation, the following sentences will be said to the participants in the experimental group: We aim to compare the cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance between intensive care units and other branches. The other participants (Control Group) will not be given any prior information.<br>|
| No Intervention: intensivist in the control group<br>The intensivist in the control group will not be given any prior information. | |
| Experimental: non-intensivist in the experimental group<br>Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the non-intensivist in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. | Other: stereotype threat manipulation<br>* Stereotype threat is the thought that a person will be negatively evaluated and judged regarding a negative stereotype that belongs to the group to which he/she belongs. Stereotype threat manipulation will be performed on the intensivist and non-intensivist participants in the experimental group just before they are taken into the testing room. For manipulation, the following sentences will be said to the participants in the experimental group: We aim to compare the cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance between intensive care units and other branches. The other participants (Control Group) will not be given any prior information.<br>|
| No Intervention: non-intensivist in the control group<br>The non-intensivist in the control group will not be given any prior information. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Performance | Change in CPR scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. Scoring will be done with the CPR Scoring Scale we developed. Higher values will indicate more effective CPR. | During CPR simulation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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stereotype threat, COVID-19 Pandemic, non-intensivist physicians, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation