Postprandial IHL and IMCL Measured With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The major research objective is to assess the potential of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to follow Intrahepatic lipid and Intramyocellular lipid dynamics after a single meal. Furthermore we aim to investigate whether the addition of protein to a high fat breakfast results in a reduced postprandial accumulation of lipids when compared to a high fat breakfast alone.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Fat accumulation in non-adipose tissue, such as liver and muscle, is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease. Little is known about the dietary determinants and the time course of this ectopic fat accumulation. Therefore the general aim of this project is to develop and validate methodology to follow postprandial hepatic and muscular lipid retention. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a well-established tool for noninvasive quantification of intrahepatic lipids (IHL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL). Previous studies have suggested a relatively rapid regulation of IHL and IMCL levels, indicated by changes in these total lipid pools after high fat diets of 3 or 4 days. Although IHL and IMCL levels seem to change rapidly, data on IHL and IMCL levels after a single meal are lacking.

Official Title
-----------------
Postprandial Intrahepactic Lipid (IHL) and Intramyocellular Lipid (IMCL) Levels Measured With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS)

Conditions
-----------------
Postprandial IHL and IMCL Dynamics

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Dietary Supplement: High fat breakfast
* Dietary Supplement: HF breakfast with protein


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age 18-40 years Healthy Stable dietary habits No use of medication Lean subjects: BMI 18-25 kg/m2 Obese subjects: BMI 30-35 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Any medical condition requiring treatment and/or medication use Alcohol consumption of more than 20 g per day (± 2 units) Smoking Unstable body weight (weight gain or loss > 3 kg in the past three months) Participation in another biomedical study within 1 month prior to the screening visit Contraindications for MRI scan: Central nervous system aneurysm clips Implanted neural stimulator Implanted cardiac pacemaker of defibrillator Cochlear implant Iron- containing corpora aliena in the eye or brain Hearing aids and artificial (heart) valves which is contraindicated for MRS Claustrophobia

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: High fat breakfast lean subjects<br>Subjects will consume a high fat breakfast, containing of sausage rolls. Energy content of the breakfast will be set to 50 % of the recommended daily calorie intake (BMR times 1.3). | Dietary Supplement: High fat breakfast<br>* The HF breakfast will consist of sausage rolls (saucijzenbroodjes), available at the local Albert Heijn (Albert Heijn B.V., Zaandam, The Netherlands).<br>|
| Other: High fat breakfast,obese subjects<br>Subjects will consume a high fat breakfast, containing of sausage rolls. Energy content of the breakfast will be set to 50 % of the recommended daily calorie intake (BMR times 1.3). | Dietary Supplement: High fat breakfast<br>* The HF breakfast will consist of sausage rolls (saucijzenbroodjes), available at the local Albert Heijn (Albert Heijn B.V., Zaandam, The Netherlands).<br>|
| Other: HF breakfast with protein,lean subjects<br>For the HFP breakfast, the subjects will consume 'Protifar' (Nutricia, Cuijk, The Netherlands) in addition to the sausage rolls. The amount of added proteins will be calculated to assure that the total energy content from proteins in the breakfast equals 20 %, | Dietary Supplement: HF breakfast with protein<br>* For the HFP breakfast, the subjects will consume 'Protifar' (Nutricia, Cuijk, The Netherlands) in addition to the sausage rolls.<br>|
| Other: HF breakfast with protein,obese subjects<br>For the HFP breakfast, the subjects will consume 'Protifar' (Nutricia, Cuijk, The Netherlands) in addition to the sausage rolls. The amount of added proteins will be calculated to assure that the total energy content from proteins in the breakfast equals 20 %, | Dietary Supplement: HF breakfast with protein<br>* For the HFP breakfast, the subjects will consume 'Protifar' (Nutricia, Cuijk, The Netherlands) in addition to the sausage rolls.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference between pre- and postprandial IHL and IMCL | The primary research objective is to assess the potential of 1H-MRS to follow IHL and IMCL dynamics after a single meal in lean and obese subjects. | 3 and 5 hours after high fat breakfast | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference between postprandial IHL and IMCL in high fat and high fat with extra protein breakfast | We aim to investigate whether the addition of protein to a high fat breakfast (HFP) results in a reduced postprandial accumulation of lipids when compared to a high fat breakfast (HF) alone. | 3 and 5 hours after high fat breakfast |