Association of BsmI Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor Gene With Diabetic Kidney Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as one of chronic complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Vitamin D deficiency is known as one of DKD risk factors. Recent studies on association between vitamin D deficiency and DKD had shown conflicting results. It may be due to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, which is affected by BsmI, Cdx2, ApaI, FokI, and TaqI gene. The investigators conducted cross-sectional study to investigate association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene with diabetic kidney disease Hypothesis: BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene is associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD)

Detailed Description
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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Data from Indonesian Renal Registry (2011) revealed that 25% etiology of patients who underwent hemodialysis is DKD. Risk factors that are associated with DKD include blood glucose control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, duration of diabetes mellitus, high body mass index (BMI), age, sex, ethnicity, vitamin D deficiency, high sodium diet, high protein diet, and smoking. The roles of vitamin D that are related to kidney are inhibition of renin transcription process, angiotensin II, renal inflammation process, and albumin excretion, prevention of podocytes damage, glomerulosclerosis process, and transformation from kidney epithelial cell into mesenchymal cell. Current studies on association between vitamin D deficiency and DKD had shown conflicting results. It may be related to genetic factor which is vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. The vitamin D receptor polymorphism is affected by Cdx2, ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI gene, where Asian population is mostly affected by ApaI, FokI, and Cdx2. Several studies had reported the association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD in various population. Zhang, et al (2012) study revealed the association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD in Han Chinese population, while study from Vedralova, et al (2012) in Caucasian race showed opposite result. However, the association between BsmI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD has not been investigated in Indonesian-Malay race. This is a cross-sectional study that investigate the association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene and DKD in Indonesian-Malay race. The investigators collected data about study participants' characteristics, conducted physical examination and laboratory examination, which include BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene.

Official Title
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Association of BsmI Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor Gene With Diabetic Kidney Disease

Conditions
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Diabetic Kidney Disease

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patient Indonesian-Malay race Had signed the informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Urinary tract infection Pregnant patient Fever In menstrual period Had undergone hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis Had used non steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Postexercise

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Bb Genotype<br>Subjects with Bb genotype of BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene | |
| bb Genotype<br>Subjects with bb genotype of BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Association between BsmI Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Diabetic Kidney Disease | This study investigated association between BsmI polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor gene with diabetic kidney disease | 1 month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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BsmI, Diabetic kidney disease, Polymorphisms, Vitamin D receptor gene