Use of OraQuick for Screening HIV in Children Less Than Eighteen Months Old

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Blood is the most commonly used specimen to test for HIV. In the past 20 years, use of saliva as an alternative specimen for HIV testing has been explored. Today, very sensitive tests have been formulated and have been used for diagnosing HIV in adults and older children. OraQuick, a rapid test, is one such example. It is a devise that can be used to collect as well test the saliva. Most studies done on the use of saliva have been carried out in adults and have produced very good results. However very few such studies have been done in children, especially infants. In adults, use of saliva has also highlighted the advantages of ease of collection and increased acceptability of testing. HYPOTHESIS OraQuick rapid test can detect antiHIV antibodies as well as the Abbott determine test and oral fluid testing is more acceptable than blood testing.

Detailed Description
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BACKGROUND Serological identification of antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood is the most widely used method to screen for HIV infection. Use of oral fluid as an alternative to blood sample has been studies the past 20 years and extremely sensitive tests that are able to detect the very low quantities of antibodies found in oral fluid have been formulated and are currently being used. OraQuick rapid test, a combination, collection and testing device that uses both blood and oral fluid was approved for used by the U.S.A, FDA in 2002 and has been tested in adults and older children. The value of oral fluid in screening for HIV infection in adults is now well established and has been used extensively in field survey and epidemiologic studies. However, these methods have not been studied in children in whom differences in test performance might be expected. Studies in adults have also highlighted the advantages of oral fluid testing, such as ease of collection and high degree of acceptability of testing. This would make oral fluid testing a good alternative for HIV screening in infants, a challenging population in which venipuncture is often difficult or unacceptable.

Official Title
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Evaluation of the Use of OraQuick in Children Less Than Eighteen Months Old

Conditions
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HIV Antibody Testing

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Abbott-rapid HIV antibody test
* Other: OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children aged less than 18 months Admission to the Department of Pediatrics for any condition Consent from caregiver for HIV testing using both oral fluid and blood r Exclusion Criteria: Age of more than 18 months Refusal of consent by caregiver Outpatients

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Day
Maximum Age: 18 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: Abbott-rapid HIV antibody test|Abbott will be used to test serum or whole blood|
|Other: OraQuick Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody test|OraQuick for oral fluid HIV antibody testing|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sensitivity and specificity of the OraQuick rapid test |  | one year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acceptance of HIV testing using oral fluid |  | one year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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HIV-1, HIV-2