A Model-based Health Education Program to Improve Oral Health in School Going Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This was a randomized controlled trial to assess how an education program based on health belief model (HBM) may affect oral health status in the elementary school going children. For this, a convenient sample including 112 school going children aged between 6-12 years old were recruited and randomized into intervention or control groups. Education program consisted five weekly session each lasted for 1 hour approximately. Based on the main constructs of the HBM, each session was organized and a combination of educational methods were used in the intervention group while the control group only received the routine program provided by the dental clinic. Measures such as papillary bleeding index; decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) and a scale based on the HBM were used for data collection. Three months after the intervention the measures were administered again and comparisons between baseline and follow-up were done.

Detailed Description
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Oral health problems especially dental carries are common in school children and education programs may help to prevent these conditions. The aim of current study was to investigate how an education program based on health belief model (HBM) may improve oral health status of the elementary school children. One hundred twelve 6-12 year children along with one of their parents assigned into trial and control groups using a randomized controlled trial. For trial group 5 education sessions based on HBM were held, whereas control group only received routine education program delivered by the dental clinic. Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) score, papillary bleeding index, and HBM questionnaire for oral were used for evaluation of the program. Three month after the intervention reassessment was performed and the changes were measured by student t test as well as analysis of covariance test.

Official Title
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Effectiveness of a Health Education Program Using Health Belief Model to Improve Oral Health in School Going Children

Conditions
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Oral Health

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Education program based on health belief model to improve oral health


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age between 6-12 years old (elementary school going children) Attendance of at least one parent (either father or mother) when admission and to take part in the intervention Being permanent residents of the enrollment area Having medical record in the dental clinic Ability to speak and understand Persian Exclusion Criteria: Children with advanced oral diseases or other critical conditions or disabilities Those who were using anti-inflammatory agents as a routine Those who had used antibiotics in past two weeks Children with illiterate parents Those on ongoing orthodontic treatments

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: One group received the intervention and another received the routine program.
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Educational Intervention<br>An educational program based on HBM that was conducted using five one-hour sessions. | Behavioral: Education program based on health belief model to improve oral health<br>* Five weekly sessions each one lasted for one hour to encourage participants to follow healthy behaviors on oral health.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Control group only received the education program provided by the dental clinic. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Decayed, missing and filled teeth | Measured by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score | Five months | 
| Gingival health | Measured by papillary bleeding index | Five months | 
| Constructs of health belief model | Measured by health belief model (HBM) questionnaire | Five months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Oral health, Gingival health, Health education, Decayed teeth