The Turkish Version of the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is originally developed in English to evaluate the pain, function and alignment in patients with hallux deformities. The purpose of this study is to translate and cross-culturally adapt the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.

Detailed Description
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The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is originally developed in English to evaluate joint function in patients with elbow stiffness. The purpose of this study is to translate and cross-culturally adapt the AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP scale into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties. Approximately seventy patients with hallux deformities will be included. For cross-cultural adaptation, two bi-lingual translators will use the back-translation procedure. Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment, the participants will complete the Turkish version of AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP-T) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha (α) will use to assess internal consistency. The correlation with the Turkish version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and Short Form-12 will be determined to check the validity.

Official Title
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American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal Joint Scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP)

Conditions
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Foot Deformity, Hallux Deformity, Assessment, Self, Orthopedic Disorder

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Aged between 18 and 65 years Diagnosis of Hallux deformities Continuing follow-up and treatment in the orthopedic service Being able to follow simple instructions Being able to read and write in Turkish Exclusion Criteria: Having any cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, rheumatic diseases, or psychiatric diseases Having peripheral nerve injury, peripheral neuropathy, or sensory loss in the lower extremity Having heterotopic ossification, myositis ossification, or post-traumatic ankylosing in the lower extremity Fracture, non-healing wound, or infection in the lower extremity

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) | The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is composed of 9 items, distributed over 3 categories: pain (40 points), functional aspects (50 points), and alignment (10 points), for a total of 100 points. | Day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) | The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joint scale (AOFAS Hallux MTP-IP) is composed of 9 items, distributed over 3 categories: pain (40 points), functional aspects (50 points), and alignment (10 points), for a total of 100 points. | Within a 5-to-7-day period after the first assessment (Day 1) | 
| The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) | The MOXFQ is a 16-item instrument answered on a five-point Likert scale (each item is scored from 0 to 4, with 4 denoting 'most severe'). Scores for each item are summed to form three separate subscales representing underlying domains: walking/standing problems (seven items), foot pain (five items), and issues related to social interaction (four items). Raw scale scores are then each converted to a metric from 0 to 100, where 100 denotes the most severe. | Day 1 | 
| Short Form-12 (SF-12) | Short Form-12 (SF-12), which is developed based on Short Form-36, consists of 12 items: 7 items dealing with the physical components scores (PCS-12) and 5 items related to the mental components scores (MCS-12) of SF-12. Range of both scores is 0 to 100, where the higher scores indicate better health related quality of life. | Day 1 | 
| Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) | Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), in which the participants will be asked to indicate their perceived pain at rest, during activity, and at night on the 10 cm line between no pain and terrible pain. The score will be determined by measuring the distance on a 10 cm line using a ruler. | Day 1 |