Neuropathic Pain After Orchidectomy and Sex Reassignment Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Phantom pain is associated with cortical reorganization after amputation. This phenomenon should not play a role in transsexual women, since the cortical representation of the male sex organs is presumably altered. The study investigates the incidence of phantom pain in this patient population. For this study the following question should be investigated: Is the incidence of phantom pain and local chronic postsurgical pain lower in sex reassignment surgery from male to female compared to inguinal tumor orchidectomy?

Detailed Description
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Phantom pain is a common and much studied phenomenon after amputation.The loss of visceral organs is also associated with phantom pain. Under entirely different conditions than the removal of a tumorous testicle, sex reassignment surgery from male to female sex occurs in transsexual women. In this operation, parts of the penis and both testicles are removed and a plastic surgical transformation is made into a female genital.The surgical trauma is greater compared to an orchidectomy. The sex reassignment surgery is expressly desired, the amputated tissues are rejected or perceived as not belonging to the patient's own body and thus do not appear as a loss. The group of patients with tumor orchidectomy acts as a control group. In addition to the incidence of phantom pain and chronic local postoperative pain in comparison between the two groups, the secondary objectives of the study were defined as the occurrence of phantom pain, the type of pain and the intensity of pain. Two patient groups were compared, the group after sex reassignment surgery (GAC) and the group after inguinal orchidectomy for testicular tumor (ORC). A total of 265 transgender women were written to, 46 of whom had undergone surgery in Tübingen and 219 in Munich. The operations took place between 2002 and 2014. For the group of patients after orchidectomy, 158 men who had undergone surgery in Tuebingen between 2010 and 2014 were contacted by letter. The pseudonymization was done with a combination of letters and numbers, which were created with a key generator program. The patients received a questionnaire divided into several categories, these categories were questions on demography, pre- and postoperative pain as well as phantom pain, pain processing, quality of life, sex life and urological questions.

Official Title
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Neuropathic Pain After Orchidectomy and Sex Reassignment Surgery

Conditions
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Neuropathic Pain, Phantom Pain, Sex Reassignment Surgery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: pain after surgery


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Surgery at least 6 month before data collection german speaking Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| ORC<br>Group orchidectomy following cancer | Behavioral: pain after surgery<br> <br> |
| GAC<br>Group sex reassignment surgery | Behavioral: pain after surgery<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of Phantom Pain | Number of patients with phantom pain of testis | a minimum of 6 month post-surgery up to 5 years postsurgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional Outcome | Number of Participants with Incontinence, Difficult Urination, Stenosis of Urethra, Spraying of Urine and/or Corrective Surgery | a minimum of 6 month post-surgery up to 5 years postsurgery | 
| Incidence of Chronic Postoperative Pain | Number of patients with chronic pain after surgery and differences between the two groups | a minimum of 6 month post-surgery up to 5 years postsurgery |