Thin-Flap Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Associated Dry Eye

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eye surgery continues to be the most common refractive procedure used to correct different forms of ametropia. Although the introduction of femtosecond technology has markedly reduced the incidence of intraoperative flap complications and allowed a better control on flap parameters, dry eye remains one of the most challenging postoperative complications.

Detailed Description
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The pathophysiology of post LASIK dry eye is not clear; however, many mechanisms have been suggested including inflammation, loss of conjunctival goblet cells during suction, exacerbation of a preexisting dry eye, abnormal interaction between the lid margins and the ocular surface. Intact corneal sensation is crucial for proper tear production and distribution on the ocular surface as well as maintaining the normal dynamics of eyelid blinking. Disruption of corneal nerves in LASIK decreases the release of neurotrophic factors necessary for the normal function of the corneal epithelium as well as the integrity of the lacrimal functional unit, a condition referred to as LASIK induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy (LINE) that largely contributes to the development of post- LASIK dry eye . Many studies evaluated the incidence of post-refractive dry eye after LASIK compared to flapless laser vision correction (LVC) procedures such as PRK and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). The aim of this study is to assess and compare different dry eye parameters following LASIK with planned thin flaps created by femtosecond laser (FS) and mechanical microkeratome (MK).

Official Title
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Thin-Flap Laser in Situ Keratomileusis Associated Dry Eye

Conditions
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Myopic LASIK Candidates With Spherical Equivalent up to - 10 Diopters

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Laser in situ keratomileusis


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Candidates for Laser Vision Correction (LVC). Eyes with spherical equivalent (SE) up to - 10 diopters (D), Corneal thickness at thinnest location of ≥ 500 um and estimated postoperative residual stromal bed of at least 300 um Exclusion Criteria: Patients with symptoms or signs of dry eye (TBUT <10 sec, Schirmer I test <10mm and Ocular Surface Disease Index OSDI score >13), Posterior blepharitis, contact lens wearers , Ocular surface disease , Systemic diseases contraindicating LASIK and previous ocular surgery.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Patients planned to undergo Femtosecond laser FS assisted LASIK<br>In FS group, Allegretto WaveLight FS-200 femtosecond laser was used to create flaps with flap thickness planned to be 100 um. | Procedure: Laser in situ keratomileusis<br>* Laser in situ keratomileusis LASIK is a procedure used to correct different types of ametropia through a creation of corneal flap whether with femtosecond laser or mechanically with a microkeratome followed by application of excimer laser to correct different refractive errors including Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Patients planned to undergo Microkeratome MK assisted LASIK<br>In MK group, Moria 2 Microkeratome was used to create flaps with flap thickness planned to be 100 um. | Procedure: Laser in situ keratomileusis<br>* Laser in situ keratomileusis LASIK is a procedure used to correct different types of ametropia through a creation of corneal flap whether with femtosecond laser or mechanically with a microkeratome followed by application of excimer laser to correct different refractive errors including Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tear film break up time TBUT | Fluorescein strip was inserted in the lower conjunctival fornix for few seconds then removed and the patient was asked to frequently blink, the stained tear film was observed with slit lamp (cobalt blue filter) till the appearance of the first black (dry) spot and the time interval in seconds was measured | 6 months | 
| Schirmer I test | Whatman filter paper (35 mm long) was folded 5mm and inserted in the lower conjunctival fornix away from the cornea and the patient was asked to blink normally. After 5minutes the paper was removed, and the amount of wetting in millimeters was measured. | 6 months | 
| Ocular Surface Disease Index OSDI | A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions. Each question with a score from 0 to 4, the OSDI score is calculated by multiplying the sum by 25 and dividing by the number of questions answered. This yields a score from 0 to 100. The results of OSDI score can be graded as normal (0-12), mild dry eye (13-22), moderate dry eye (23-32), or severe dry eye (33-100) | 6 months | 
| Lower Tear meniscus height (LTMH) | Anterior segment Optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) examination was scheduled in the afternoon. The lower TMH was evaluated with a vertical scan centered on the inferior cornea and the lower eyelid. The lower TMH was measured with a special caliper tool incorporated in the device in micrometers and the height of the tear meniscus is the distance between 2 points ,one where the meniscus intersects the inferior cornea superiorly and the other where the meniscus intersects the lower eyelid margin inferiorly. | 6 months | 
| Lower Tear meniscus area (LTMA) | The lower TMA was evaluated using AS-OCT with a vertical scan centered on the inferior cornea and the lower eyelid then a built in software caliper tool was used to determine the borders of the tear meniscus and calculate the area (TMA) in millimeter square (mm2). | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dry eye, Femtolaser, Laser in situ keratomileusis