Health Protection & Promotion for Oregon Correctional Officers

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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More than 530,000 individuals work as US Correctional Officers (COs) responsible for overseeing the approximately 1.6 million offenders who are incarcerated at any given time in the United States. Prison work is regarded as one of the most difficult occupations with CO's having one of the highest nonfatal injury rates of all U.S. occupations. The few studies done on CO's show high levels of stress, cardiovascular disease, high job burnout, increased sick leave rates and absenteeism, and decreased quality of life leading to premature illness/injury and high employer healthcare costs. Many of these conditions could be prevented by specific training activities and healthier lifestyles. The investigators wish to test a worksite-based, health promotion curriculum in COs with the overall hypothesis that the program will improve health and decrease injuries. The program proposed would be the first occupational intervention to improve the safety, and emotional and physical health of those who are charged with the complex task of prison work protecting the investigators communities. If successful, this proposal would result in an exportable, practical occupational safety and health program applicable for use by local, state, and federal correctional facilities.

Detailed Description
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Investigators will enroll up to 100 Correctional Officers from four Oregon Department of Corrections facilities for a randomized controlled 1-year assessment of the intervention. Participants will be evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Primary study aims are; 1) Implement a randomized controlled efficacy trial of the Team-centered health promotion intervention, and assess its behavioral and occupational outcomes among COs, 2) Perform a cost analysis to determine the potential economic impact of this CO worksite health promotion program on illness/injury rates and disability claims, and 3) Determine relationships among specific intervention components with changes to behavior and occupational outcomes and assess by mediation analysis. The intervention involves a scripted peer-taught interactive curriculum, which is delivered as twelve, 30 minute weekly sessions incorporated into a team's usual work time activities. The curriculum is designed to build understanding, healthy decision making skills and engender the social support of teammates; its content and scope reflects the core lifestyles activities used with fire fighters and law enforcement, along with adaptations for the needs of Correctional Officers in domains of the team-building, family support and psychological health. Participant assessments include established survey instruments, physiological measures and selected laboratory parameters of outcomes and potential mediating variables at the individual, interpersonal and organizational levels. Intervention delivery and fidelity will be assessed. Multilevel and latent growth modeling and mediation analyses will be used to assess outcomes and the relationships among variables. At proposal completion there will be an evidenced-based, exportable occupational safety and health program for COs. Its critical components will be defined, and its benefits clearly determined.

Official Title
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Health Protection & Promotion for Oregon Correctional Officers

Conditions
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Physical Activity, Nutrition, Health Promotion, Stress, Psychological, Metabolic Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Testing & Intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: security employee of a participating facility in the Oregon Department of Corrections Exclusion Criteria: none

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Testing Only<br> | |
| Experimental: Testing & Intervention<br> | Behavioral: Testing & Intervention<br>* Intervention involves a scripted peer-taught interactive curriculum, which is delivered as twelve, 30 minute weekly sessions incorporated into a team's usual work time or overtime activities.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline in BMI at 6 and 12 months | calculation of direct measurement of height and weight | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Fruit and Vegetable Intake at 6 and 12 months | questionnaire, NCI fruit/vegetables (Thompson et al., 2002) | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Physical Activity at 6 and 12 months | questionnaire; Elliot et al., 2007 | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Stress at 6 and 12 months | questionnaire; Netemeyer RG et al, 1996; Cohen et al., 1983; Stanton et al, 2001 | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Sleep at 6 and 12 months | questionnaire; Sorenson et al., 2011; Buysee et al., 1989; Buxton et al.; Rajaratnam et al., 2011 | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Alcohol Use at 6 and 12 months | questionnaire | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Tobacco Use at 6 and 12 months | questionnaire; study specific development | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline in Blood Pressure at 6 and 12 months | direct measurement | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Percent Body Fat at 6 and 12 months | direct measurement via Bioelectric Impedance Analysis scale | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Lipids and Lipoproteins at 6 and 12 months | direct measurement via Cholestech LDX analyzer | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Change from baseline in Glucose at 6 and 12 months | direct measurement via Cholestech LDX analyzer | Baseline, 6 months, 12 months | 
| Cost-Effective Analysis | analysis of departmental aggregate data of injury rates and workers compensation claims | 12 months |