Relationship Between the Clinical Pharmacist & Antibiotic Use by Using the Electronic Program

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A retrospective cohort study to explore the association between clinical pharmacists' interventions and antibiotic consumption through the use of the medical electronic reports and to identify mortality and cost savings in hospital infectious disease.

Detailed Description
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The role of clinical pharmacist includes : a check of suitable selection and dosing of antimicrobials according to the diagnosis, type of infection, antimicrobial cultures as possible, comorbidities of patients (renal or hepatic function, etc), adverse effect, and drug interaction with other drugs. Documentation of the clinical intervention, cost-saving, adverse effect,, antimicrobial culture and antimicrobial consumption on the electronic program (CPC clinical patient care). The clinical pharmacist inspector reviews the data recorded on CPC.

Official Title
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Relationship Between the Clinical Pharmacist & Antibiotic Use in Selected Infectious Disease Hospitals in El Beheira by Using the Electronic Program, Retrospective Cohort

Conditions
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Clinical Pharmacists, Electronic Medical Record

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: NO intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All inpatient with infectious disease (disorders caused by organisms as (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites). Exclusion Criteria: Any other cause of hospital admission other than infectious disease.
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| exposure group<br>Data from electronic clinical pharmacist records of two infectious disease hospitals | Other: NO intervention<br>* There is no intervention<br>|
| Non-exposure group A<br>Data from medical records of the hospital with no clinical pharmacy. | Other: NO intervention<br>* There is no intervention<br>|
| Non-exposure group B<br>Data from a medical record of the hospital with clinical pharmacy, but the department did not cover by the clinical pharmacy | Other: NO intervention<br>* There is no intervention<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Antimicrobial consumption | consumption of antimicrobials (defined daily doses / 100 patient-days) | 2 years | 
| Days of therapy (DOT) | Number of days of each antimicrobial received for therapy | 2 years | 
| Length of therapy(LOT) | The number of days a patient takes an antibacterial drug, regardless of the number of different medications | 2 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cost savings | (initial treatment cost × days before intervention) - (cost after intervention × days with this treatment), | 2 years | 
| Mortality rate | in-hospital mortality rate (%) | 2 years | 
| Antimicrobial resistance | resistance defined as resistance to at least one antimicrobial from the panel for all organisms, and for a subset of organisms belonging to the ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter spp. | 2 years | 
| The incidence of adverse reaction of antimicrobial | An unexpected medical problem that happens during treatment with antimicrobial. | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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antibiotic consumption, antibiotic use, cost-saving, clinical pharmacist