The Effect of Different Ways of Sitting on Cognitive Performance and Muscle Activity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Academic educations concurs with a lot of sitting. Studies have shown that prolonged sitting not only has disruptive effects on physical health, but also influence mental health and cognition negatively. For physical health evidence grows that short light intense interruptions of sitting time effectively counterbalance the impact of prolonged sitting. It is not clear of light intense physical activity breaks have a similar positive effect on cognitive performance. Also, it is unclear whether cognitive loading might be able to compensate the impact of prolonged sitting.This study compares the effects of uninterrupted sitting with or without cognitive loading and interrupted sitting on cognitive functioning; muscle activation of leg and trunk muscles under various modes of sitting with walking, in order to calibrate the physical impact of different sitting modes.

Detailed Description
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healthy university students will attend three separate intervention visits with 6-days (no more than 14 days) washout in between: 1) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); 2) uninterrupted sitting with a cognitive task (COGN); 3) sitting interrupted by light physical activity (INTERRUPT). For the SIT and INTERRUPT conditions, subjects watch a series of documentaries while sitting. In the COGN condition, while sitting, participants undergo the online GED test as cognitive load. Four cognitive tests (D2 test, stroop test, trail making test and 2-BACK test) and mood states will be performed before and after each intervention. On a separate day, using surface electromyography, activations of major leg and trunk muscles of sitting on chair, active and passive sitting on a yoga ball and walking were assessed.

Official Title
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The Effect of Different Ways of Sitting on Cognitive Performance and Muscle Activity

Conditions
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Sedentary Behavior, Light Intensity Physical Activity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Sitting interrupted by light physical activity
* Behavioral: Sitting with cognitive task
* Behavioral: uninterrupted sitting


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age 18-30 years BMI between 18-28 steady dietary habits generally healthy Female on contraceptive pills/Male Exclusion Criteria: High score (score: 11-21) in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: SIT group<br>participants will sitting 4 hours continuously. | Behavioral: uninterrupted sitting<br>* Participants will watch documentary during prolonged sitting.<br>* Other names: SIT;|
| Experimental: INTERRUPT group<br>participants will sitting 25 minutes with 5 minutes walking per half hour,40minutes walking in total | Behavioral: Sitting interrupted by light physical activity<br>* Each 30 minutes will be 25 minutes sitting followed by 5 minutes walking that designed as prescribed walking route outside laboratory corridor.<br>* Other names: INTERRUPT;|
| Experimental: COGN group<br>participants will perform GED test as cognitive loading task during 4-hour sitting | Behavioral: Sitting with cognitive task<br>* Participants will perform online cognitive task during prolonged sitting.<br>* Other names: COGN;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cognitive processes as assessed using Stroop test | Stroop test is a computer-based Stroop word and color test, including congruent trials and incongruent trials to assess inhibition. Reaction time and accuracy of the Stroop test will be collected before and after the intervention | change from baseline after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| Cognitive processes as assessed using D2 attention test | D2 attention test is a paper and pencil test to assess attention. Concentration performance will be collected before and after the intervention. | change from baseline after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| Cognitive processes as assessed using N back test | N back test is a computer-based test, including target images and non-target images. this test is for updating and working memory. The correct reaction number of N back test will be collected before and after the intervention. | change from baseline after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| Cognitive processes as assessed using Trail making test | Trail making test is a computer-based test to assess task-switching. reaction time and accuracy of the trail making test will be collected before and after the intervention. | change from baseline after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| mood status assessed by tension score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by anger score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by depression score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by vigor score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by esteem-related effect score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by confusion score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by fatigue score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| mood status assessed by total mood level score | mood questionnaire(an abbreviated version of Profile of Mood States (POMS)) will be used before and after the intervention, such as tension, anger, depression, vigor, esteem-related effect, confusion, fatigue, total mood level data included. The scale is 0 to 4. | change from baseline all mood outcomes after 4 hour intervention on day1, day8, day16 | 
| muscle activity | Muscle activity is measured by the electromyograph （EMG）machine. RMS values will be collected and calculated as muscle activation during each sittings condition | recording 5 minutes' muscle activity for each sitting posture, average RMS will be collected.it will be performed on another experiment day. | 
| discomfort level | after each sitting condition, self discomfort level will be asked.0 means no discomfort,10 means the worst discomfort | report discomfort level immediately after each sitting condition(each sitting posture lasts 5 minutes).it will be performed on another experiment day. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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sedentary behavior, light physical activity, executive function, active sitting