The Influence of Factors on Accuracy of Reported Dietary Intake

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of dietary restraint, social desirability, and food type on the accuracy of dietary intake reported during a 24-hour recall.

Detailed Description
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the interaction among dietary restraint, social desirability, and food type (healthy vs. unhealthy) on the accuracy of reporting consumption of a laboratory meal during a 24-hour dietary recall. The automated multiple-pass method (AMPM) of 24-hour dietary recall is considered the gold standard of dietary assessment however the potential for error and biases is widely acknowledged with a tendency towards underreporting. Underreporting has been linked to many factors including two individual characteristics, dietary restraint and social desirability. Both dietary restraint and social desirability have been extensively studied however the influence of their interaction on reported dietary intake is not fully understood. In addition, a relationship to the types of foods (healthy vs. unhealthy) has also been found. For this study, 40 normal-weight female participants will be recruited at The University of Tennessee using flyers inviting volunteers. Participants will be categorized by dietary restraint, high or low, and social desirability, high or low, based on questions during the initial screening. In a laboratory setting participants will consume a meal of pre-weighed foods, including both healthy and unhealthy foods. The following day, an AMPM 24-hr dietary recall will be conducted with the participant over the telephone. Accuracy of the reported dietary intake of the laboratory meal will be determined by the equation [(reported intake - measured intake)]/measured intake] x100 for amount (weight or volume) and energy (kilocalories) with comparisons between groups and within food types using mixed factorial analysis of variance.

Official Title
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The Influence of Dietary Restraint, Social Desirability and Food Type on Accuracy of Reported Dietary Intake

Conditions
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Dietary Assessment, 24-hour Dietary Recall, Dietary Restraint, Social Desirability

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Lunch meal with 24 hour dietary recall


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Normal weight status (BMI 18.5-24.9) Willing to sample study foods Exclusion Criteria: Individuals majoring in Nutrition or Exercise Science Smokers Individuals taking medication for ADHD Individuals who are pregnant Individuals with allergies to food in study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: High SD/ Low DR<br>This group contains females that exhibit characteristics of high social desirability and low dietary restraint. | Other: Lunch meal with 24 hour dietary recall<br>* Each participant will come into the laboratory for a buffet-style lunch meal, where they are instructed to sample each of the foods served. On the next day, a 24 hour dietary recall is performed to test the participants ability to accurately report amounts and types of food consumed. Measures of dietary restraint and social desirability are taken prior to the laboratory meal via phone interview.<br>|
| Active Comparator: High SD/ High Dr<br>This group contains females that exhibit characteristics of high social desirability and high dietary restraint. | Other: Lunch meal with 24 hour dietary recall<br>* Each participant will come into the laboratory for a buffet-style lunch meal, where they are instructed to sample each of the foods served. On the next day, a 24 hour dietary recall is performed to test the participants ability to accurately report amounts and types of food consumed. Measures of dietary restraint and social desirability are taken prior to the laboratory meal via phone interview.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Low SD/ High DR<br>This group contains females that exhibit characteristics of low social desirability and high dietary restraint. | Other: Lunch meal with 24 hour dietary recall<br>* Each participant will come into the laboratory for a buffet-style lunch meal, where they are instructed to sample each of the foods served. On the next day, a 24 hour dietary recall is performed to test the participants ability to accurately report amounts and types of food consumed. Measures of dietary restraint and social desirability are taken prior to the laboratory meal via phone interview.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Low SD/ Low DR<br>This group contains females that exhibit characteristics of low social desirability and low dietary restraint. | Other: Lunch meal with 24 hour dietary recall<br>* Each participant will come into the laboratory for a buffet-style lunch meal, where they are instructed to sample each of the foods served. On the next day, a 24 hour dietary recall is performed to test the participants ability to accurately report amounts and types of food consumed. Measures of dietary restraint and social desirability are taken prior to the laboratory meal via phone interview.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Accuracy of reported dietary intake compared to measure intake of a laboratory meal. |  | 1 day. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dietary Restraint Score of participant. |  | 1 day. | 
| Social Desirability Score of participant. |  | 1 day. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dietary Assessment, 24-hour dietary recall, Dietary Restraint, Social Desirability, Portion estimation, Underreporting