Comparing Pain and Bruising of Subcutaneous Heparin Injection

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Subcutaneous heparin injection is one of the most frequent nurses' clinical care. This study aimed to Identify and compare the effects of four different injection duration on pain and bruising associated with subcutaneous injection of heparin in 90 patients. Four injection methods were used for them: A: 10s injections duration B: 10s injection duration and waiting 10s before withdrawing the needle C: 15s injection duration and waiting 5s before withdrawing the needle D: 5s injection duration and waiting 15s before withdrawing the needle. Bruising was measured by a flexible millimeter ruler 48h after each injection; and pain was measured by pain visual analogue scale immediately after the injection. Data will be analyzed by SPSS.

Conditions
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Pain, Bruising

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: 10s injections duration
* Procedure: 10s injection duration and waiting 10s before withdrawing the needle
* Procedure: 15s injection duration and waiting 5s before withdrawing the needle
* Procedure: 5s injection duration and waiting 15s before withdrawing the needle


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Inclination to participate in the study; filling out the form of conscious satisfaction Ability to answer the questions and determining the rate of pain Not being affected by blood clotting difficulties, tissue damages, injuries, and bruises in the site of injection. Exclusion Criteria: Death, Discharge

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 53 Years
Maximum Age: 69 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 10s injections duration<br>10s injections duration | Procedure: 10s injections duration<br>* 10s injections duration<br>|
| Experimental: 10s injection duration , waiting 10s<br>10s injection duration and waiting 10s before withdrawing the needle | Procedure: 10s injection duration and waiting 10s before withdrawing the needle<br>* 10s injection duration and waiting 10s before withdrawing the needle<br>|
| Experimental: 15s injection duration,waiting 5s<br>15s injection duration and waiting 5s before withdrawing the needle | Procedure: 15s injection duration and waiting 5s before withdrawing the needle<br>* 15s injection duration and waiting 5s before withdrawing the needle<br>|
| Experimental: 5s injection duration , waiting 15s<br>5s injection duration and waiting 15s before withdrawing the needle | Procedure: 5s injection duration and waiting 15s before withdrawing the needle<br>* 5s injection duration and waiting 15s before withdrawing the needle<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| decrease pain | pain was measured by pain visual analogue scale immediately after the injection. | up to 6 months | 
| bruising | Bruising was measured by a flexible millimeter ruler 48h after each injection | up to 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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subcutaneous injection heparin, injection duration, bruising pain, decrease pain, decrease bruising