Reiki Effects on Pain, Functional Status and Holistic Well-Being in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aimed to examine the effect of Reiki therapy on pain, functional status and holistic well-being in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Detailed Description
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Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes pain in individuals and negatively affects their functional status and overall well-being. Patients often benefit from non-pharmacological methods in pain control. Reiki, expressed as universal life energy, is a kind of energy therapy that creates the appropriate conditions required by the body's natural healing system in rebalancing and recharging human energy fields. Although Reiki studies in the field of orthopedics are limited, it is revealed that Reiki improves physical function, reduces fatigue and increases emotional well-being in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of Reiki in patients undergoing total knee replacement have evaluated that Reiki is effective in controlling postoperative pain, reducing blood pressure, respiratory rate, and state anxiety. The study was conducted with patients with knee osteoarthritis who applied to the orthopedic outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital between June 24, 2022 and December 31, 2022. The data of the study was collected using Patient Information Form (PIF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Holistic Well-Being Scale (HWS). PIF, VAS, WOMAC and HWS were applied to the patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Patients were randomized 1:1 into groups by a single therapist according to the block randomization method. There were two arms in the study; Reiki treatment (n=21) and control group (n=21). A second-degree Reiki practitioner applied Reiki to the patients for 40 minutes. On the second day and the third day, 30 minutes distant Reiki were applied to the patients. In the control group, nothing was done. Post-tests were applied to all patients 3 days and 10 days after they were included in the study.

Official Title
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The Effect of Reiki Therapy on Pain, Functional Status and Holistic Well-being in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study

Conditions
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Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Reiki


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Grade 2-3 osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren Lawrence scale, Patients aged 40 and over Exclusion Criteria: Those who have difficulty in responding to the data collection form to be used in the research and have problems in understanding and communicating Turkish, Those who refuse to answer the Reiki application and data collection tools, Those who want to leave at any stage of the research or cannot be reached by phone, Those who underwent an application such as physical therapy, intraarticular injection or prolotherapy during the research process, Those who used any Complementary and Alternative Method (CAM) in the last 6 months were excluded from the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Reiki Group<br>Patient Information Form (PIF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Holistic Well-Being Scale (HWS) were administered to the Reiki group. After the pretests of the patients were completed, the primary investigator with Reiki second degree applied Reiki therapy to the patients for 40 minutes. On the second and third days, she applied distant reiki. After 3 days and 10 days after the patients were included in the study, the post-tests were performed by calling the patients. | Other: Reiki<br>* Reiki is based on the belief that disease occurs when an energy center is blocked, and that the energy is transmitted through touch. In distant Reiki, Reiki practitioners followed the traditional Usui Reiki protocol for distant healing.<br>|
| Control Group<br>Patient Information Form (PIF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Holistic Well-Being Scale (HWS) were administered to the control group. After 3 days and 10 days after the patients were included in the study, the post-tests were performed by calling the patients. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Personal Information Form | The form created by the researchers included 11 questions covering the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients such as gender, age, marital status and the characteristics of the disease/treatment process. | Baseline | 
| Visual Analog Scale | It is a reliable and easily applicable scale used to measure the severity of pain in patients, accepted in the world literature. The scale, which was used to digitize the values that could not be measured numerically, was used to evaluate the pain intensity of the patients. A minimum of 0 and a maximum of 10 points can be obtained from the scale. In addition, high scores indicate increased pain intensity. | Change from baseline Visual Analog Scale at 3 days and 10 days | 
| Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index | It is a valid and reliable index that is widely used for the evaluation of patients with osteoarthritis. The WOMAC Osteoarthritis index, which was validated and reliable in Turkish by Tüzün et al. in our country, consists of three sections and 24 questions in which pain, stiffness and physical function are questioned. Each question was scored on a Likert scale as 0=absent, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=very severe. The maximum scores that can be obtained from the index are 20 for the pain subgroup, 8 for stiffness, and 68 for physical function. High scores indicate increased pain and stiffness and impaired physical function. | Change from baseline Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index at 3 days and 10 days | 
| Holistic Well-Being Scale | The scale is graded from disagree (1) to completely agree (10). The minimum score of the scale is 10 and the maximum score is 260, and as the score obtained from the scale increases, holistic well-being improves. | Change from baseline Holistic Well-Being Scale at 3 days and 10 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Reiki, functional status, pain, knee osteoarthritis