Effects of Parmigiano Reggiano on Skeletal Muscle Damage in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aging is associated with the loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) and reduced tissue regenerative capacity. Eccentric exercise (ECC) is a model of RET that can be used with the elderly, due to the ability of the muscle to combine high muscle strength production with low energy cost. ECC contractions are significantly more damaging to the muscles and produce greater muscle strength, for these reasons there is a greater risk of inducing muscle damage before the muscle is able to adapt. Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) has some peculiar bromatological characteristics. The proteins contained in it, and in particular the potentially bioactive peptide sequences, can rapidly provide the amino acids necessary to promote muscle growth and repair during exercise. Furthermore, PR can be an important source of fatty acids, of which a significant amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) which are known to have important clinical effects on body composition and metabolic health and can have a systemic anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, the central hypothes is that PR consumed during RET can provide more energy substrates and improve muscle recovery. To date, no studies have studied its function on recovery from exercise nor in the elderly.

Official Title
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Effects of Parmigiano Reggiano on Exercise Induced Muscle Damage in Older Adults

Conditions
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Old Age; Atrophy, Inflammatory Response, Muscle Soreness

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Parmigiano Reggiano
* Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age >60 years old or >18 and < 30 years old BMI >18 and <30 kg/m2 stable body weight in the past 3 months valid medical certifacate for practice of physical activity Exclusion Criteria: diabetes or pre-diabetes as for ADA guidelines chronic diseases (cardiovascular, liver, respiratory, cancer, etc) acute inflammatory status regular practice of intense physical activity (>2 sessions/week) treatment with steroids in the past 3 months regular use of >50g/die of Parmigiano Reggiano

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Young adults<br>participants will perform an eccentric exercise bout after 10 days of dietary supplementation | Dietary Supplement: Parmigiano Reggiano<br>* subjects will receive 50 g/die of the dietary supplement 10 days before performing the eccentric exercise session<br>Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein<br>* subjects will receive 20 g/die of the dietary supplement 10 days before performing the eccentric exercise session<br>|
| Active Comparator: Older adults<br>participants will perform an eccentric exercise bout after 10 days of dietary supplementation | Dietary Supplement: Parmigiano Reggiano<br>* subjects will receive 50 g/die of the dietary supplement 10 days before performing the eccentric exercise session<br>Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein<br>* subjects will receive 20 g/die of the dietary supplement 10 days before performing the eccentric exercise session<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| maximum volountary contraction (MVC) | maximal muscle volountary contraction mesured in Newton | Change from baseline to up to 5 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| reactive Proteinc C | plasmatic levels of reactive Proteinc C (mg/dL) as a markers of muscle damage | Change from baseline to up to 5 days | 
| Creatin Kinase | plasmatic levels of Creatin Kinase (mmol/dL) as a markers of muscle damage | Change from baseline to up to 5 days | 
| IL-6 | plasmatic levels of IL-6 (mg/dL) as a markers of muscle damage | Change from baseline to up to 5 days | 
| delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) | level of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) masured via Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale where 0 is the minimal value (no pain) and 10 is the maximum value (maximum pain). | Change from baseline to up to 5 days |