The Relationship Among Electroencephalography,Skin Conductance Response,Heart Rate Variability and Mental Health Among Smartphone Users After Receiving Texting or Calling

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The number of smartphone users in Taiwan continues to increase exponentially. Smartphone addiction tends to not only disrupt the ability of social communication but cause physical and psychological problems as well. This study examined the relationship among skin conductance, electroencephalography, heart rate variability (HRV), social interaction anxiety and smartphone addiction among Line apps users, and we also tried to identify associated factors for further interventions.

Official Title
-----------------
The Relationship Among Electroencephalography,Skin Conductance Response,Heart Rate Variability and Mental Health Among Smartphone Users After Receiving Texting or Calling

Conditions
-----------------
Smartphone Users, Smartphone Addiction, Anxiety, and Skin Conductance

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: social media stimuli (Line app)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: (a) were older than 20 years of age and (b) used a smartphone with internet and Line app. Exclusion Criteria: the participants were those who (a) had alcoholism or drug dependence; (b) had any pre-existing major mental disorders; (c) had history of brain injury; and (d) had palmar hyperhidrosis.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Screening
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Interventional<br>Two experimental steps: baseline skin conductance measurements (step 1, three minutes) and measurements of SC after social media stimulation with Line messages or calls (step 2, three minutes). With a 5-minute rest period after these two steps completed, then each participant fill out questionnaires for assessing anxiety and problematic smartphone use. | Device: social media stimuli (Line app)<br>* social media stimuli (Line app) with texting messages or calls<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| skin conductance | change of skin conductance (micro-Siemens (μS)) | 3 minutes | 
| Heart Rate Variability (HRV) | Heart Rate Variability is a measure which indicates the variation in your heartbeats within a specific timeframe. | 3 minutes | 
| Electroencephalography (Hz) | Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record .... EEG is commonly recorded at sampling rates between 250 and 2000 Hz in clinical and research settings | 5 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale | The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was developed by Zung (1971) for measuring levels of anxiety. It has been conducted in a number of cross-cultural studies, and translated into different languages with nearly 20 versions. The SAS test is a self-administered questionnaire with 20 items. The total scores of the SAS range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating a higher level of anxiety. | 10 minutes | 
| The Chinese version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) | The Chinese version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to examine participant's PSU, and it was designed and developed on the basis of the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) with a four-factor structure: compulsive behavior, functional impairment, withdrawal and tolerance [24]. The total scores of SPAI range from 26 to 104, and the higher scores indicate higher levels of smartphone addition. | 10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
skin conductance, anxiety, smartphone users, smartphone addiction