Process-oriented and Outcome-oriented Visual Assessments

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of outcome-oriented visual assessment and process-oriented visual assessment using ATP bioluminescence test as a comparator in order to find out which method can be used to assess hospital cleanliness.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This study was conducted in a 17-bed adult medical intensive care unit at a medical center during December 2019 to December 2020. First of all, high-touch room surfaces were selected in patient rooms, including bed rails / controls, light switch, IV pump control, feeding pump control, monitor control, bedside table handle, call button, IV pole (grab area) and suction machine control. Then, Areas to be sampled on those high-touch room surfaces were identified. Whenever the housekeepers started to do terminal cleaning after patients were transferred or discharged, the researcher also started to observe directly the practices of cleaning at the same time and recorded cleaned if surfaces were cleaned and disinfected properly. Then, the researcher inspected surfaces and recorded clean if surfaces were free of dust, debris, and stains immediately after terminal cleaning.Ten minutes after terminal cleaning, Hygiena Ultrasnap Surface ATP test was performed to swab a standard area of 10 square centimeters on specific surfaces. After completing sampling, swabs were replace back in swab tube and all liquid in bulbs was expelled to activate the reaction. Once activated, samples were read right after shaking swab tube for 5-10 seconds.

Official Title
-----------------
Comparison Process-oriented and Outcome-oriented Visual Assessments for the Evaluation of Hospital Cleanliness

Conditions
-----------------
Hospital Cleanliness

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: the environmental surfaces immediately after patients are discharged Exclusion Criteria: no
Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ATP DATA | ATP bioluminescence test | 10 minutes after environmental cleaning | 
| score of process-oriented visual assessments | There are ten environment surfaces. Whenever the housekeepers start to do terminal cleaning after patients are transferred or discharged, the researcher also start to observe the practices of cleaning at the same time and score one point if one surface is cleaned and disinfected properly. The total of the score is ten. | immediately after environmental cleaning | 
| score of outcome-oriented visual assessments | There are ten environment surfaces. Whenever the housekeepers start to do terminal cleaning after patients are transferred or discharged, the researcher also start to observe directly the cleanliness of the environment surfaces at the same time and score one point if one surface is clean visually. The total of the score is ten. | immediately after environmental cleaning | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
ATP bioluminescence, Visual assessment