Quality of Care of Children With Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Screened at Birth in France

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main objective of this study is to evaluate at the national level (France) the early healthcare practices for children with sickle cell disease screened at birth, the adequacy of theses practices with the national recommendations, their variability over time and according the characteristics of treatment centers. Will be studied in particular the diffusion of the latest preventive measures (practice of trans-cranial Doppler and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) and their link with the residual risks of death, stroke and invasive pneumococcal infections. The study includes all patients born in France between 01/01/2006 and 31/12/2010. Events are recorded and analysed only during the first 5 years of life.

Detailed Description
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In agreement with the National Insurance Fund (CNAMTS) and the French Association for Screening and Prevention of Child Handicaps (AFDPHE), the French SCD newborn screening (NBS) program is not universal but targeted to children identified at risk because of the geographical origin of their parents (from a country where the prevalence of sickle cell trait is high: Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, North Africa, Mediterranean Basin). The number of children diagnosed at birth is increasing steadily each year and sickle cell disease is now in France the most common disease found among those screened in the neonatal period. The total number of new-borns diagnosed by NBS from 01/01/2006 to 31/12/2010 is 1800 (AFDPHE data). In the absence of preventive care, a high mortality rate is observed during the first 5 years of life, the two main causes of death being invasive pneumococcal infection and splenic sequestration acute. Early care allows to largely preventing invasive pneumococcal disease (by combination of PeniV long-term treatment and pneumococcal vaccinations) and severe acute splenic sequestrations (by establishing a parent education program). Also, prevention of cerebral vascular disease, the most serious complications of sickle cell disease in young children, has been made possible the last 10-15 years by the systematic use of trans-cranial Doppler (TCD). In rich countries, the mortality rate of SCD children detected at birth, is now reduced to less than1-2%. The last French report analysed the results of national NBS program for the period 1995- 2000. Consequently these results did not take into account the most recent advances (use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and diffusion of TCD). It is now well demonstrated that these two preventive actions have further improved the morbidity and mortality of children with sickle cell disease. Recently the French paediatric team from Creteil (France), reported the results of 217 children screened at birth between 1988 and 2007: this single-center study finds excellent results with a 1.9% probability of occurrence of stroke at the age of 18 years for SS and S-Beta0 children. These results should be compared with those obtained for the whole concerned population in France. In order to describe and analyse recent national results on residual morbidity and mortality, the investigators conducted this national retrospective study (EVADREP) studying clinical care during the 5 first years of life of SCD patients diagnosed at birth for the period 2006- 2010.

Official Title
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National Project for Healthcare Assessment of SCD Children Diagnosed by Newborn Screening in France

Conditions
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New-borns Screening, Sickle Cell Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children born in France (metropolitan France and DOM/TOM) between 01/01/2006 and 31/12/2010 Identified with a major sickle cell syndrome through national newborn screening . All types of major sickle cell disease are concerned: SS, S-Beta0 or +, SC, other (S-O-Arab, S-D Punjab) Exclusion Criteria: Refusal to participate in the study expressed by the holders of parental authority

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Years
Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| SCD french new born<br>New-borns diagnosed by NBS from 01/01/2006 to 31/12/2010 (AFDPHE data, France) | Other: No intervention<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Survival at 3 years of age |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 
| Probability of survival at 5 years of age |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 
| Causes of death |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Use of pneumococcal preventive measures: proportion of children who received a full pneumococcal vaccine program (4Prevenar + 1 P23) at 3 and 5 years of age |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 
| National diffusion of Trans-cranial Doppler (TCD) : proportion of children who underwent a least one TCD at the age of 2 years and the proportion of children annually monitored |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 
| Proportion of children lost to follow-up at birth, at 3 and 5 years of age and reasons for the lack of monitoring |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 
| Poportion of patient with current residual risk of stroke and invasive bacterial infections especially pneumococcal infection at 3 years of age |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 
| Number of patient with current residual risk of stroke and invasive bacterial infections especially pneumococcal infection at 5 years of age (probability) |  | between 1/01/2014 and 31/12/2015 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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major sickle cell disease (SCD), children, pneumococcal preventive measures