Neural Mechanisms Underlying Children's Responses to Food Portion Size and Energy Density

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Increased portion sizes of foods high in energy density (calories per gram of food) have been implicated in the obesity epidemic. Numerous studies show that children and adults eat more from larger portions of food than they do from smaller portions, a response known as the portion size effect. Despite the robust and consistent nature of these findings, the mechanisms underlying the portion size effect are not known. The long-term goal of this research is to identify the neural mechanisms involved in the portion size effect so that this information can be used to develop effective weight-management strategies. Differences in neural response to food cues, as demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can help clarify the factors that determine susceptibility to large portions. The goal of this study is to identify brain regions activated in response to portion size and energy density and relate these neural responses to laboratory eating behaviors in children. The investigators hypothesize that high relative to low energy density food images will be associated with increased activation in regions of the brain involved in reward- and sensory- processing and that large relative to small portion size food images will be associated with increased activation in regions of the brain involved in cognitive control. In addition, the investigators hypothesize that these brain responses will influence the relationship between portion size served and energy intake at laboratory meals.

Detailed Description
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What this study will add to the literature: The response to food images that vary by portion size using fMRI has not been previously reported. Furthermore, how the brain response to food portion size and energy density is related to energy intake has not been previously reported. The goal of this study is to identify brain regions activated in response to portion size and energy density and relate these neural responses to laboratory eating behaviors in children.

Official Title
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Neural Mechanisms Underlying Children's Responses to Food Portion Size and Energy Density

Conditions
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Pediatric Obesity

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Right-handedness English as native language Reading at /above grade level Not claustrophobic Generally healthy Exclusion Criteria: Left-handedness Metal in or on the body that cannot be removed Claustrophobic Medication usage that could alter brain activity Medical disorder that may impact comfort in scanner Food allergies

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 7 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to food portion size and energy density | Whole-brain response to food images that varied at 2 levels of portion size and 2 levels of energy density | Collected at fMRI scan (1 of 1) at week 5 | 
| Energy intake | Energy intake (kcal and grams) of foods consumed ad libitum at each laboratory test-meal in response to 4 conditions of portion sizes (100% reference, 133%, 167%, 200%). | Collected at week 1, 2, 3, and 4 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Region of Interest (ROI)-response to food portion size and energy density | Response in selected brain regions of interest to food images varied at 2 levels of portion size and 2 levels of energy density | Collected at fMRI scan (1 of 1) at week 5 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Portion Size, Energy Intake