The Effect of Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation on Acute Pain.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a single institution, single-blinded, long-term exploratory study using participant as his/her own control to evaluate and compare the potential analgesic effect on experimental heat pain of Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS will be delivered by a commercially available device (Rapid2, Magstim Corp) at three different cortical target sites and one sham target site in healthy participants 18-88 years of age. The quantitative evaluation measure is the change in the painful heat threshold Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) of thresholds for cutaneous heat stimuli before and after TMS.

Detailed Description
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After subjects contact the office to express interest in being involved with this protocol, subjects will take the telephone screening questionnaire. Those who meet inclusion criteria with no exclusions will come for first visit. At this visit, subjects will discuss and sign the consent form, and have a one sequence MRI scan which is used to localize sites in the brain to be stimulated with TMS. The subjects will then have four visits at intervals of two weeks; each visit will have TMS intervention designated (SITE1), (SITE2), (SITE3), and (SITE4). TMS will be applied each of four sites (SITE1, SITE2, SITE3, and SITE4) which will be randomly assigned among stimulation sites Medial Frontal (MF), Dorsolateral Frontal (DL), Primary Motor Cortex (M1 and superior Interparietal sulcus (Sham) and counterbalanced across subjects (see Diagram below). During each of visits 2 to 5, the participant will undergo baseline Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), followed by TMS stimulation and then by repeat QST. QST will consist of pain thresholds for cutaneous hot stimuli. Visits 2 through 5 will last for approximately 1 hour each and will occur at two-week intervals. The total study duration will be 50 days for each subject. Study enrollment will last for three years and total study duration will be four years.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Several Sites in the Brain Upon Experimental Pain

Conditions
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Pain Perception

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: TMS (Rapid2, Magstim Corp)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy man or woman 18-80 years of age; Possess the ability to understand study procedures and comply with them for the entire length of the study; Women of childbearing age must use contraception for duration of study. Exclusion Criteria: History of diagnosis of heart disease, increased intracranial pressure, or structural abnormalities of the brain (e.g. tumor); History of epilepsy, seizure disorder, neurologic disease, cranial trauma or head surgery, or implanted hardware (including cardiac pacemakers, cardiac lines, medication pumps, or stimulators); Family history of seizures; Presence of metal anywhere deep to or on the skull (excluding the mouth); Any current or recent (<6 weeks) or planned (within duration of study period) use of any of the following medications: imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline, maprotiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, foscarnet, ganciclovir, ritonavir, amphetamines, ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and theophylline; History of peripheral neuropathy, e.g. Diabetic Neuropathy; Women who are pregnant or women of childbearing capacity who may become pregnant (i.e. not using contraception); Volunteers with communication disorders or non-English speakers; Current drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the investigators, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| TMS during heat pain stimuli<br>This is a single institution, single-blinded, long-term exploratory study using participant as his/her own control to evaluate and compare the analgesic effect of experimental heat pain of TMS during early versus late times on a vigilance behaviors toward pain (CPT, Continuous Performance Task). Vigilance behaviors include errors, reaction times and activation. | Behavioral: TMS (Rapid2, Magstim Corp)<br>* Volunteers will take a telephone screening questionnaire and those meeting inclusion criteria will attend their first visit. Those signing the consent will have a T1 weighted MRI scan to localize sites in the brain to be stimulated with TMS. The subjects will then have four visits at intervals of two weeks; each visit will have a TMS intervention including SITE1, SITE2, SITE3, and SITE4. The sequence of the testing TMS four different visits (SITE1 to SITE4) will be randomly assigned among stimulation sites Medial Frontal (MF), Dorsal Lateral Frontal (DL), Primary motor cortex (M1) and Interparietal Sulcus (Sham) and counterbalanced across subjects (see Diagram below). During each of visits 2 to 5, each participant will undergo baseline Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), followed by a TMS intervention, and then by repeat QST. QST will consist of pain thresholds for contact heat.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Contact Heat Pain Temperature Threshold Change | The contact heat thermal thermode will be used to measure heat pain thresholds (in degrees centigrade) before and after each stimulation site. | Entire duration of study, approximately five years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Brain network for pain