Early Versus Deferred Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the present study is to investigate safety and efficacy of early versus deferred aortic valve replacement in patients with moderate aortic stenosis combined with moderate mitral regurgitation.

Detailed Description
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In more than one-half of all patients with valvular heart disease, more than a single valve is involved. Valvular aortic stenosis coexists with significant mitral valve disease in up to one-third of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease provide recommendations for isolated valvular lesions; data to guide timing of intervention in patients with multivalvular disease is however scarce. Currently, patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS) in combination with mitral regurgitation have an indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) only if the concomitant mitral regurgitation meets an indication for surgery. However, the hemodynamic stress of combined valvular lesions is greater than its individual components, and patients may benefit from early intervention. Furthermore, the presence of multivalvular heart disease complicates the assessment of individual valvular lesions. In patients with combined AS and mitral regurgitation (MR), increased left ventricular pressure exacerbates the mitral regurgitant volume. Conversely, decreased forward flow across the aortic valve underestimates the severity of aortic stenosis when assessed by a pressure gradient. Standard cut-off values inadequately reflect the hemodynamic stress in concomitant aortic and mitral valve disease, and recommendations for the timing of valvular replacement fail to account for the complex interplay of multiple valvular lesions. Timing of intervention in patients with combined AS and MR is therefore challenging and evidence on the optimal timing of intervention is scarce. Thus, the objective of the present study is to investigate safety and efficacy of early versus deferred aortic valve replacement in patients with moderate aortic stenosis combined with at least moderate mitral regurgitation. Patients with combined aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation will be screened for eligibility. If eligible and informed consent is provided, patients will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to early (within 3 months) or deferred aortic valve replacement (with or without mitral valve intervention).

Official Title
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Early Versus Deferred Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis Combined With Mitral Regurgitation: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Conditions
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Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis Combined With Mitral Regurgitation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement with or without transcatheter or surgical mitral valve repair/replacement
* Procedure: Deferred treatment, with intervention once AVA is ≤1.0 cm2 or if concomitant mitral regurgitation meets an indication for intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥18 years Moderate native aortic stenosis defined by an aortic valve area (AVA) ≤1.5 cm2 and >1.0 cm2 and transvalvular mean gradient ≥20 mmHg and <40 mmHg. Primary or secondary mitral regurgitation (at least moderate) defined by effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) ≥20 mm2 or regurgitant volume ≥30 ml New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class ≥2 Exclusion Criteria: Life expectancy <1 year irrespective of valvular heart disease Left ventricular ejection fraction <30% or LVESD >70mm Echocardiographic evidence of severe right ventricular dysfunction Untreated clinically significant CAD requiring revascularisation Moderate or severe aortic regurgitation Severe tricuspid valve disease requiring intervention Symptomatic patients with severe primary MR who are operable and not high risk Patients with severe secondary MR who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy and who are judged appropriate for transcatheter edge-to-edge repair or surgery by the Heart Team Transcatheter or surgical treatment of valvular and/or coronary artery disease within 90 days prior to randomization COPD with home oxygen therapy Estimated or measured systolic PAP >70 mmHg Stroke within 30 days prior to the randomization Inability to provide written informed consent Participation in another cardiovascular trial before reaching the primary endpoint.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Early transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement<br>Early transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement with or without transcatheter or surgical mitral valve repair/replacement. | Procedure: Transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement with or without transcatheter or surgical mitral valve repair/replacement<br>* Early transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement with or without transcatheter or surgical mitral valve repair/replacement.<br>|
| Other: Control Intervention<br>Deferred treatment, with intervention once AVA is ≤1.0 cm2 or if concomitant mitral regurgitation meets an indication for intervention. | Procedure: Deferred treatment, with intervention once AVA is ≤1.0 cm2 or if concomitant mitral regurgitation meets an indication for intervention<br>* Deferred transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement with or without transcatheter or surgical mitral valve repair/replacement.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The primary outcome will be a composite of all-cause death, stroke, and unplanned hospitalization for heart failure related to valvular heart disease at 2 years. |  | 2 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| All-cause death | Number of all-cause death within study participation | 5 years | 
| Cardiovascular death | Number of patients with Cardiovascular death within study participation | 5 years | 
| Neurologic events | Number of patients with stroke, symptomatic hypoxic-ischaemic injury, TIA and evaluation | 5 years | 
| Hospitalization for heart failure | Number of patients who need hospitalization for heart failure within study participation and evaluation | 5 years | 
| New-onset atrial fibrillation | Number of patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation within study participation and evaluation | 5 years | 
| Implantation of a permanent pacemaker | Number of patients with atrioventricular conductance disturbance requiring the implantation of a permanent pacemaker | 5 years | 
| Aortic or mitral valve re-intervention | Number of patients with Aortic or mitral valve re-intervention within study participation and evaluation | 5 years | 
| NYHA functional class | Measurement of NYHA functional class within study participation | 5 years | 
| Days alive out of hospital (DAOH) | Calculation of days alive out of hospital (DAOH) within study participation | 5 years | 
| The evaluation Health-related quality of life assessment by means of the KCCQ 12 questionnaire | Record the health-related quality of life assessment by means of the KCCQ 12 questionnaire within study participation | 5 years |