Smartphone Addiction and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Individuals With Nonspecific Neck Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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It has been reported that excessive use of smartphones increases the stress on the cervical spine, and changes in cervical curvature and pain in the muscles around the neck are associated with the increase in stress. Studies have reported that smartphone users with addictions have neck pain (68%), upper back pain (62%), right shoulder pain (52%), left shoulder pain (46%), and right hand pain (46%). As a result of our study, the frequency of smartphone addiction and temporomandibular joint dysfunction and related factors in individuals with nonspecific neck pain were examined and the results we obtained will contribute to the literature.

Official Title
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Smartphone Addiction and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Individuals With Nonspecific Neck Pain

Conditions
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Smartphone Addiction, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: patient group/ healthy group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Presence of neck pain lasting at least 6 months Being between the ages of 18-45 Individuals with a score between 10-40 points according to the Neck Disability Index Individuals who have never had a history of shoulder or neck surgery Exclusion Criteria: Individuals with signs of radicular pain (positive neck distraction test, Spurling's neck compression test, and Adson's test) Individuals who get less than 10 points or more than 40 points according to the Neck Disability Index Those with a previous history of shoulder and neck surgery Individuals with accompanying shoulder pain Individuals with spinal cord tumors Individuals with meningeal tumors Individuals who do not want to participate in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| patient group,healthy group<br>Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test, cervical mobility, Pressure Pain Threshold,Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint,Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index | Other: patient group/ healthy group<br>* Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test, cervical mobility, Pressure Pain Threshold,Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint,Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test | An inflatable pressure unit (StabilizerTM, Chattanooga Group, Inc., Hixson, TN) will be used during testing. | Day 1 | 
| Evaluation of cervical mobility | Cervical region flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation movements will be evaluated with Baseline Bubble Inclinometer. | Day 1 | 
| Evaluation of Pressure Pain Threshold | Pressure pain threshold assessment will be performed with an algometer, which is an objective assessment method.Measurements will be made from three different regions: anterior temporal muscle body, masseter muscle body and TMJ (lateral to the mandibular condyle). | Day 1 | 
| Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint | The Helkimo Clinic Craniomandibular Index will be used in the evaluation of TMJ (5). This index consists of 5 subsections: pain on muscle palpation, pain on TMJ palpation, pain on mandible functions, TMJ functions (sound, gliding at maximum opening, luxation and/or locking) and mandible movement capacity. | Day 1 | 
| Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form | Each item is scored between 1-6. The high score informs about the severity of smartphone addiction. Those who have a total score above 29.50 are considered as smartphone addiction. | Day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | It is a reliable, valid and standardized scale that measures sleep quality over a one-month period and provides clinical evaluation of various sleep disorders that may affect sleep quality. | Day 1 |