The Microbiology of Pleural Infection

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Pleural Infection (PI) is a common, severe and complicated disease with considerable morbidity and mortality. (1,2) The knowledge of pleural infection microbiology remains incomplete. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene is a reliable methodology to discover the total microbiome of complex samples. The investigators designed a translational metagenomics study to study the bacteriology of pleural infection. The investigators will use pleural fluid specimens from a) the Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study (3) clinical trial and b) non-pleural infection patients. The pleural fluid specimens will be subjected to 16S rRNA next generation sequencing.

Detailed Description
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Pleural Infection (PI) is a common, severe and complicated disease with considerable morbidity and mortality1,2. Patients develop pleural effusions of frankly infected fluid. The understanding of pleural infection microbiome could improve patient clinical management, however the knowledge remains incomplete. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene is a reliable methodology to discovery the total microbiome of complex samples. The investigators designed a translational study to study the bacteriology of pleural infection. Pleural fluid specimens from a) the Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study (3) clinical trial and b) non-pleural infection patients will be subjected to bacterial DNA extraction followed by 16S rRNA next generation sequencing. Moreover, the investigators will study the association between bacterial patterns and important clinical outcomes including survival, duration of hospitalisation and need for surgery.

Official Title
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The Bacteriology of Pleural Infection Using Next Generation Sequencing: The Oxford Pleural Infection Metagenomics Studies (TORPIDS)

Conditions
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Pleural Infection, Pleural Infection Bacterial

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Not applicable. Observational study. Retrospective analysis of samples.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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The pleural fluid specimens were collected for the Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study. PMID: 32675200 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00130-2020. The investigators analysed the samples retrospectively. Inclusion Criteria: As per protocol of the Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study. PMID: 32675200 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00130-2020 Exclusion Criteria: As per protocol of the Prospective validation of the RAPID clinical risk prediction score in adult patients with pleural infection: the PILOT study. PMID: 32675200 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00130-2020

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Pleural infection<br>Patients with clinically confirmed ongoing pleural infection. | Other: Not applicable. Observational study. Retrospective analysis of samples.<br>* Not applicable. Observational study. Retrospective analysis of samples.<br>|
| Negative control<br>Patients without pleural infection. | Other: Not applicable. Observational study. Retrospective analysis of samples.<br>* Not applicable. Observational study. Retrospective analysis of samples.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Microbiome | Discover the microbiome of each sample | Enrolement | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Association between bacterial patterns and clinical outcomes | Study the association between the microbiome and clinical outcomes | 12 months for survival and requirement for surgical drainage | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pleural, pleural infection, pleural effusion, microbiome, metagenomics