Role of Interleukin (IL)-1 in Postprandial Fatigue - The Chäschüechli 2 Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Role of IL-1 in postprandial fatigue - The Chäschüechli 2 Study It is a randomized, single dose, placebo-controlled, double blind, cross-over, proof-of-concept study. 16 healthy young men will be included in this study. The objective of this study is to evaluate if severity of postprandial fatigue is driven by IL-1. Since fatigue is associated with increased cytokine levels, and since fatigue in chronic inflammatory settings, such as type 2 diabetes, can be reduced by inhibition of IL-1β, postprandial fatigue might also respond to anti-inflammatory intervention with IL-1 inhibition. The aim of the study is to investigate whether postprandial fatigue is, at least in part, driven by the IL-1 system.

Official Title
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Role of IL-1 in Postprandial Fatigue - The Chäschüechli 2 Study

Conditions
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Adiposity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Anakinra
* Drug: NaCl


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male subjects non-smoking apparently healthy BMI >18 and ≤28 kg/m2 or BMI >30 and ≤35 kg/m2 Age 20-65 years Subject is usually eating breakfast and lunch Willingness to use contraceptive measures adequate to prevent the subject's partner from becoming pregnant during the study. Adequate contraceptive measures include hormonal methods used for two or more cycles prior to screening (e.g., oral contraceptive pills, contraceptive patch, or contraceptive vaginal ring), double barrier methods (e.g., contraceptive sponge, diaphragm used in conjunction with contraceptive foam or jelly, and condom used in conjunction with contraceptive foam or jelly), intrauterine methods (IUD) and sterilization (e.g., tubal ligation or a monogamous relationship with a vasectomized partner). Owner of a smartphone so they will be able to download and use the sleeping APP, Sleep cycle, prior to the study days. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria: Night shift workers Subjects suffering from sleep disturbances Clinical signs of infection in the week before inclusion or history of infection during the last 2 months (CRP >5mg/l) Impaired fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose >5.5mmol/l) Hematologic disease (leukocyte count < 1.5x109/l, hemoglobin <11 g/dl, platelets <100 x 103/ul) Kidney disease (creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl)) Liver disease (transaminases >2x upper normal range) Heart disease Pulmonary disease Inflammatory disease History of carcinoma History of tuberculosis Alcohol consumption >40g/d Smoking Known allergy towards Kineret Known allergy to ingredients of the test meal Current treatment with any drug in the week before inclusion, including vitamin supplementation (especially vitamin C and E) Use of any investigational drug within 30 days prior to enrolment or within 5 half-lives of the investigational drug, whichever is longer Subject refusing or unable to give written informed consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Normal BMI<br>Healthy young men, normal BMI (BMI >18 and ≤28 kg/m2) will receive interventions Anakinra and sodium Chloride (NaCl) | Drug: Anakinra<br>* Subjects will receive Anakinra infusion and afterwards they will be fed a very fat containing meal, and postprandial fatigue will be measured regularly until 3,5 hour after the meal.<br>* Other names: Kineret;Drug: NaCl<br>* subjects will receive NaCl infusion and afterwards they will be fed a very fat containing meal, and postprandial fatigue will be measured regularly until 3,5 hour after the meal.<br>* Other names: sodium chloride;|
| Experimental: Overweight<br>Healthy young men (BMI >30 and ≤35 kg/m2) will receive interventions Anakinra and NaCl | Drug: Anakinra<br>* Subjects will receive Anakinra infusion and afterwards they will be fed a very fat containing meal, and postprandial fatigue will be measured regularly until 3,5 hour after the meal.<br>* Other names: Kineret;Drug: NaCl<br>* subjects will receive NaCl infusion and afterwards they will be fed a very fat containing meal, and postprandial fatigue will be measured regularly until 3,5 hour after the meal.<br>* Other names: sodium chloride;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The primary outcome is change in fatigue measured by the SSS (Stanford Sleepiness Scale) between groups treated with Anakinra vs. placebo | Fatigue will be measured by using the SSS (Stanford Sleepiness Scale) | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like Peptide (GLP)-1(active/total), GIP(active/total), PYY, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa, sCRP and cortisol due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in heart rate due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline) | Pulse watch | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in insulin due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in C-peptide due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in GLP-1(active/total) due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in GIP(active/total) due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in PYY due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in IL-6 due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in TNF-alfa due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in sCRP due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) | 
| Change in cortisol due to any treatment (Anakinra vs. saline). | Blood sampling | 7 to 9 days (change between study day 1 and study day 2) |