Adaptation of Lipid and Energy Metabolism During a Lipid Overnutrition in Constitutional Thinness

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
For a given food intake, fat and energy metabolism in adipose tissue and muscle adapt to nutrient intakes. This adaptation to nutrition may be impaired in susceptible individuals or in obese patients by promoting weight gain, either in constitutional thinness (MC) by blocking it. The MC is a little known entity. These patients wish to grow for her and others. Can they? We have demonstrated abnormalities of hormones regulating appetite (ghrelin, PYY, GLP1 and leptin) that may participate in thinness. Furthermore, this thinness is associated with osteoporosis in 25% of true MC who is 25 years old.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This project aims to overfed MCs and follow the control parameters of energy metabolism. We will look for abnormalities in the adaptation to overnutrition in subjects with genetic background of thinness, which could explain the resistance to weight gain. The answer could possibly help to understand obesity.

Official Title
-----------------
Adaptation of Lipid and Energy Metabolism During a Lipid Overnutrition in Constitutional Thinness

Conditions
-----------------
Lipid Overnutrition, Constitutional Thinness

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Lipid overnutrition


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: consent form the study signed consent form for genetic study signed normal laboratory values for liver enzymes, glucose, lipid Exclusion Criteria (common to the two groups): pregnant vegetarian heavy smoking heavy alcohol depressive taking hypolipidemic or antihypertensive drugs dyslipidemia

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Constitutional thinness<br>Women with a a body mass index of less than 16.5 kg/m2 | Behavioral: Lipid overnutrition<br>* During 4 months, the daily caloric intake will be increased by about 70 g fat as butter 20 grams, 100 grams of cheese (Emmental) and 40 grams of almonds. This overnutrition corresponds to an excess of 760 kcal / day or 21,280 calories for the period and then taken to a theoretical 2.4 kg of fat (1 kg fat = 9000 kcal).<br>|
| Healthy Volonteer<br>Women with a body mass index between 20 and 25 kg/m2 | Behavioral: Lipid overnutrition<br>* During 4 months, the daily caloric intake will be increased by about 70 g fat as butter 20 grams, 100 grams of cheese (Emmental) and 40 grams of almonds. This overnutrition corresponds to an excess of 760 kcal / day or 21,280 calories for the period and then taken to a theoretical 2.4 kg of fat (1 kg fat = 9000 kcal).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| gene expression | Level of genes (which regulate the lipid and energy metabolism) expression in fat and muscle tissues | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anthropometric parameter | Lean mass | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 
| Autonomic nervous system activity | Heart rate variability analyses using ECG Holter monitoring | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 
| gastrointestinal hormone level | Serum level of GLP1 | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 
| Anthropometric parameter | Weight | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 
| Anthropometric parameter | Fat mass | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 
| gastrointestinal hormone level | Serum level of ghréline | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 
| gastrointestinal hormone level | Serum level of PYY | After one month of lipid overnutrition | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Thinness, Leanness, healthy volunteers, Lipid metabolism disorder