The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen administration on maintenance of oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide during apnoeic period in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy

Official Title
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The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study

Conditions
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Foreign Bodies, Tumor, Stenosis of Trachea, Bronchus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Optiflow


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients undergoing general anesthesia with stent placement or bougination, biopsy or removal of a foreign body or a mass through a rigid bronchoscope 2. Patients aged 7 or younger who meet American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical class 2-4 Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 2. Patients with active nasal bleeding), severe nasal obstruction, recent nasal trauma of surgery 3. Patients with current maxillofacial trauma or basal skull fracture 4. Patients with active nasal bleeding), severe nasal obstruction, recent nasal trauma of surgery 5. Extremely low birth weight infant and premature infant less than 28 weeks gestation age 6. Patients who had previously undergone rigid bronchoscopy / surgery 7. If the parent of subject includes a person who can not read the written consent (eg, illiterate, foreigner, etc.)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 7 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy<br>Patients 7 years or younger who undergo general anesthesia with rigid bronchoscopy | Device: Optiflow<br>* supply of oxygen at 2 L / min/ kg through Optiflow<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hypoxia occurs the first time | The time taken to reach the point at which peripheral oxygen saturation fell below 90 for the first time immediately after the onset of apnea | The time taken to reach the point at which peripheral oxygen saturation fell below 90% for the first time immediately after the onset of apnea intraoperatively. | 
| the lowest oxygen saturation | the lowest value of oxygen saturation measured percutaneously at extremity. | apnea period during the rigidbroscopic procedure/surgery | 
| Occurence of hypoxic event | Occurence of hypoxic event: Presence or absence of hypoxia(peripheral oxygen saturation fell below 90% ) during rigid bronchoscopy | apnea period during the rigidbroscopic procedure/surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure |  | end-tidal CO2 partial pressure after 3 consecutive breaths after intubation or insertion of laryngeal mask following end of apnea during intraoperative period. | 
| Arterial oxygen / carbon dioxide partial pressure |  | shortly before start of apnea (within 30 seconds) and shortly after end of apnea (within 30 seconds) |