Child Follow-up Until 2 Years

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of maternal malaria on child growth in the two first years of life in relation to fetal growth. This study is following a birth cohort of children born to pregnant women enrolled in the study Impact of malaria infection in pregnancy on fetal and newborn growth (protocol OXTREC 14 08 and Mahidol 2009-003-01). In this cohort growth monitoring is conducted until 2 years of age using routine anthropometric measurements such as weight, length, arm and head circumference. A few additional tests will enhance the sensitivity of the study outcomes with minimal risk. These tests will include anthropometry, screening, nutrition questionnaire and neurodevelopmental assessment.

Detailed Description
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This is an existing on-going prospective birth cohort of children born to the pregnant women who had fetal growth assessed during pregnancy. In this cohort an expected 10% of pregnant women will be exposed to malaria while the remaining will be free of malaria. Their offspring are already followed up for growth monitoring from birth until 2 years of age with anthropometric measurements including weight, length, arm and head circumference at each scheduled visit. The investigator would like to enhance the sensitivity of the study outcomes with minimal risk for the child by proposing the following anthropometric and screening tests, nutrition questionnaire, and neurodevelopment assessment. In addition a prospective cohort of children born after study approval will be followed on both protocols. The additional measure include: Body fat composition (at birth, and monthly up to 4 months unless weight ≥ 8kg) Triceps and subscapular skinfold (at 1 and 2 years) Anemia, malaria and soil-transmitted helminths screening (every 3 months in first 12 months and 6-monthly 1-2 years) Buccal swab (at 1 and 2 years) Neurodevelopment (every 6 months) Food questionnaire (at 1 and 2 years)

Official Title
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Impact of Malaria Infection in Pregnancy on Fetal and Newborn Growth - Child Follow-up Until 2 Years of Age, in Relation to the Fetal Growth

Conditions
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Malaria, Pregnancy

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participant's parent or legal guardian is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study Able (in the Investigators opinion) to comply with study requirements Exclusion Criteria: The participant may not enter the study if ANY of the following apply: Medical or congenital complications which would (in the investigator's opinion) make it difficult to comply with study requirements Aged older than 2 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 2 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The proportion of children with sub-optimal growth by 2 years of age among children born to mother exposed to malaria and those born to mother non-exposed to malaria |  | up to 2 years of age | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The median neurocognitive scores by growth groups and malaria-exposed groups |  | up to 2 years of age | 
| The median age of onset of anemia by growth groups and malaria-exposed Groups |  | up to 2 years of age | 
| Characterize of molecular signatures (methylation profile of the DNA) by growth groups and malaria-exposed groups |  | up to 2 years of age | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Fetal growth, Newborn growth