International Prospective Study on Adherence to Treatment in Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may change in the future due to the availability of new biological treatments, especially monoclonal antibodies in patients with active disease. However, one of the main causes of treatment failure in SLE is the lack of treatment adherence since drugs don't work in patients who don't take them. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ-Plaquenil) has a long terminal elimination half- life, and investigators have demonstrated that patients who do not take HCQ for a long time have undetectable or very-low blood HCQ concentrations (< 200 ng/ml). The rate of severe non-adherence was 7% in a cohort of 203 patients and was even higher in patients with active disease: 8 out of 35 (23%) in patients with a SLEDAI ≥6 and 6 out of 20 (30%) in patients with a SLEDAI ≥12. Investigators will evaluate the importance of non-adherence to the treatment in a large population of SLE patients with active disease. This will be done with blood HCQ monitoring in a translational multicentric prospective study.

Detailed Description
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This international multicentric prospective study is an observational study that will include consecutive SLE patients treated with HCQ and with SLE flare (defined by the SELENA-SLEDAI flare composite). The study will only require the sampling of 1 vial of whole blood for the dosage of HCQ (that would be centralized and performed in PITIE-SALPETRIERE Hospital at the completion of the study). The patients and the physicians will also have adherence self-questionnaires to complete, and the physicians will complete a patient data sheet. The end points are adherence of the treatment in the whole group, and subgroups, adherence according to the severity of SLE, and the relationship between patient's questionnaires, physician evaluation of adherence and blood HCQ dosage. If investigators confirm their previous data, this study might demonstrate that a significant proportion of patient candidates for treatment escalation are in fact nonadherent to the treatment. It might further demonstrate the interest of HCQ concentrations monitoring, both in real life and in therapeutic study in SLE as it may avoid unnecessary, expensive or even hazardous regimen escalation.

Official Title
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International Prospective Study on Adherence to Treatment in Patients With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Conditions
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria : History of meeting 4 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus including a positive test for antinuclear antibodies, SLE flare defined by the SELENA-SLEDAI flare composite Treatment with HCQ for at least 2 months with a daily dosage > or equal to 200 mg/day. Exclusion criteria : Patients who are not able to take their medications (notably patients with repeated vomiting and patients who are not allowed to take oral medications)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Adherence to the treatment in the whole group. | The end points are adherence of the treatment in the whole group(defined by very low blood HCQ concentration) | participants will be followed for the duration of hospital stay, an expected average of 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Secondary outcome | Adherence according to central nervous system, to pregnancy, to the severity of SLE, to the center and the country. Adherence in the group of patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria of studies on monoclonal antibodies, The relationship between patients questionnaires, physician evaluation of adherence and blood HCQ dosage Interest of MASRI and Morisky questionnaires in the prediction of non-adherence Factors associated with poor adherence The socio-economic aspect of blood HCQ concentration measurement Pharmacokinetics studies on HCQ, with comparison to another cohort | up to 3 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Adherence, Compliance, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Hydroxychloroquine, Blood monitoring, Flares