Understanding the Relationship Between Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in the Adipose Tissue

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is being done to better understand the relationship between inflammation and insulin resistance in your Adipose (fat) Tissue .

Detailed Description
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This study is being done to determine whether eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) play an important role in human fat metabolism and inflammation. This study is being done to determine if fish oil supplement could play a role in reducing inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity in your fat tissue.

Official Title
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Immunomodulatory Role of Eosinophils in Determining Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity in Human Adipose Tissue- Aims 1&2

Conditions
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Fat biopsy during scheduled abdominal surgery
* Procedure: Fat Aspiration
* Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil Supplement


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Lean, healthy person with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or less, or you are obese, BMI between 30 and 50, and non-diabetic. Lean healthy controls will not be on any medication and will be undergoing elective abdominal surgery excluding those involving acute inflammation (i.e. acute cholecystitis, bowel perforation, or diverticulitis). Obese, non-diabetic subjects will have a BMI between 30 and 50 and be taking no medications affecting glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism. These subjects will be identified from a pool of patients undergoing an elective abdominal surgical procedure such as inguinal hernia repair, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, planned cholecystectomy, but also bariatric surgery. Volunteers will not be taking corticosteroid therapy or have a history of asthma, COPD or atopic syndrome. All subjects will undergo a medical history intake and a physical examination followed by an OGTT to confirm normal glucose.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Lean or Obese, Non-Diabetic<br>To determine whether eosinophil content of adipose tissue is related to insulin sensitivity. We will use euglycemic clamps, fat biopsy (obtained during a scheduled abdominal surgery) and fat aspiration for analysis of subcutaneous (Sc) and omental (OM) adipose tissue from obese, insulin resistant and lean, insulin sensitive volunteers to test the hypothesis that, as in mice, eosinophil content in human subcutaneous and omental white adipose tissue, inversely correlates with body weight, with skeletal muscle and hepatic insulin sensitivity. | Procedure: Fat biopsy during scheduled abdominal surgery<br>* Physical exam including blood work, an EKG and bioimpedance testing. An oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin infusion. Fat tissue biopsy during a scheduled abdominal surgery.<br>* Other names: Tissue Biopsy;Procedure: Fat Aspiration<br>* Physical exam including blood work, an EKG and bioimpedance testing. An oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin infusion. Subcutaneous fat tissue biopsy.<br>* Other names: Adipose Tissue;|
| Experimental: Fish oil supplementation<br>Determine whether, in adipose tissue, levels of, anti-inflammatory molecules correlate with insulin sensitivity and whether these levels are altered by a treatment designed to promote resolution of inflammation. Volunteers will take a fish oil supplement for three months. | Procedure: Fat Aspiration<br>* Physical exam including blood work, an EKG and bioimpedance testing. An oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin infusion. Subcutaneous fat tissue biopsy.<br>* Other names: Adipose Tissue;Dietary Supplement: Fish Oil Supplement<br>* Fish Oil supplementation for three months.<br>* Other names: Dietary Supplement;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eosinophil content in adipose tissue | Eosinophils number will be measured by flow cytometry in subcutaneous and visceral fat of lean vs obese, non-diabetic volunteers | baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Relationship between eosinophils content and body mass index (BMI) | Measure as a linear regression between BMI (kg/m2) and eosinophils number in the fat | baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance