Motivational Interviewing in Patients With Schizophrenia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Introduction: A poor therapeutic relationship, low insight and lack of motivation are associated with poor adjustment (to symptoms, treatment, and environment) in patients with schizophrenia. In order to achieve better compliance and results, the therapeutic relationship and insight should be developed by increasing the motivation of individuals. Purpose: This study examines the effect of Interpersonal Relations Theory-Based motivational interviews on functional recovery and insight levels of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This single-blind, randomized controlled study used the simple randomization method and employed a pretest-posttest control group design, which is an experimental research design. The study was conducted at Pamukkale University, Health Research and Application Center, Habib Kızıltaş Psychiatric Hospital from November 2019 to June 2020 and included 40 individuals (20 in the experimental and 20 in the control groups). Study data were collected using a personal information form, the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale (FROGS) and the Scale for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SAI). The researchers carried out a 6-session Interpersonal Relations Theory-based motivational interview with the participants in the experimental group. No intervention was made to the control group. The data were analyzed on the basis of pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3 months after the intervention (follow-up).

Detailed Description
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Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that causes problems in the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of the individual, impairs the ability to evaluate reality, has a unique world and keeps the individual away from social life, causes difficulties in his family and social environment, relapses, and is a progressive, severe mental illness when regular treatment is not applied. It is reported that individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have poor insight into how they evaluate the symptoms of the disease and what they expect from treatment. One of the problems of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia is lack of motivation. It is stated that this may be caused by the dopaminergic system. This situation can cause individuals to have difficulties in social life. In this context, it is important to evaluate motivational processes in the treatment of schizophrenia and to plan and implement initiatives that will increase motivation. A poor therapeutic relationship, low insight and lack of motivation are associated with poor adjustment (to symptoms, treatment, and environment) in patients with schizophrenia. In order to achieve better compliance and results, the therapeutic relationship and insight should be developed by increasing the motivation of individuals. Nurses need to establish a therapeutic relationship in order for the nursing care to produce effective results in the recovery process of these patients. In this study, it is thought that Interpersonal Relations-Based Motivational Interviewing can be effective in increasing the symptom management, social-occupational functionality, adherence to treatment, daily life skills and insight levels of patients with schizophrenia, and may shed light and guide psychiatric nursing interventions.

Official Title
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The Effect of Interpersonal Relations Theory-Based Motivational Interviews on Functional Recovery and Insight Levels of Patients With Schizophrenia

Conditions
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Motivational Interviews, Schizophrenia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: 6-session Interpersonal Relations Theory-based Motivational Interviews and 3 month follow-up.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To be at least primary school graduate, Living in the city center of Denizli, Being open to communication and cooperation. Being between the ages of 18-65, Being in remission (period without psychotic exacerbation), To have a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnostic criteria. Exclusion Criteria: Being under the age of 18 and over the age of 65, Being illiterate in Turkish, Having Mental Retardation, Being diagnosed with a mental illness other than schizophrenia according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, Being in a psychotic attack period.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Randomized controlled pre-post test design
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental: Study group<br>Study group intervention consists 6-session Interpersonal Relations Theory-Based Motivational Interviews and 3-month follow-up. | Behavioral: 6-session Interpersonal Relations Theory-based Motivational Interviews and 3 month follow-up.<br>* 6-session Interpersonal Relations Theory-based Motivational Interviews were applied to the individuals in the study group. All sessions were conducted face-to-face in the form of individual interviews. Each interview lasted an average of 30-40 minutes. With this intervention, it was aimed to increase treatment cooperation and motivation in individuals with schizophrenia, to increase insight, to improve adherence to treatment, daily living skills and social functionality.Study data were collected using a personal information form, the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale (FROGS) and the Scale for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SAI). The data were analyzed on the basis of pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3 months after the intervention.<br>|
| No Intervention: No Intervention: Control group<br>Control group receives general care and the training booklet at the end of the study. Also includes 3-month follow-up. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessing the Three Components of Insight Score | Scales were filled in by interviewing each participant. The scale consists of 8 questions. In the first 7 questions, each item is evaluated as 0-2. The highest total score of the first seven questions is 14. The eighth question is presented as an appendix. It is left to the researcher to ask this question. The highest total score with this question is 18. Increased score indicates an increase in insight. | Change from baseline Assessing the Three Components of Insight score at 3 months | 
| Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Score | Scales were filled in by interviewing each participant. Scoring is done between 1-5 points. The maximum score that can be obtained from the scale is 95, and the minimum score is 19. Increased score indicates an increase in general functionality. | Change from baseline Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia score at 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of health care uses | According to the patient's declaration, number of hospitalizations. | Change in the number of initial health care use in the 3rd month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Insight, Functional Recovery, Interpersonal Relations Theory, Motivational Interviews, Schizophrenia