Effects of Vibration Foam Rolling After Muscle Damage

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Purpose: To compare the effects between non-vibration foam rolling (NVFR) and vibration foam rolling (VFR) on visual analogic scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), oxygen saturation (SmO2), counter-movement jump (CMJ), and hip and knee range of movement (ROM) after induction of muscle damage through eccentric acute-exercise using inertial flywheel. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy subjects (males n=32 females= 6, age 22.2±3.2 years) were randomly assigned in a counter-balanced fashion to either a VFR or NVFR protocol group. All subjects performed a 10x10 (sets x reps) eccentric squat protocol to induce muscle damage. The protocols were administered 48-h post-exercise, measuring VAS, PPT, SmO2, CMJ and ROM, before and immediately post-treatment. The technique of treatment was repeated on both legs for 1 min for a total of 5 sets, with a 30-s rest between sets.

Detailed Description
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Muscle damage was induced with overload eccentric training using inertial flywheel (2.7-kg flywheels with a moment inertia of 0.07 kg m-2). Immediately after baseline measures, subjects performed 10 sets x 10 repetitions parallel squats using a gravity-free training device flywheel with 2 minutes of recovery between sets. The squat exercise was chosen as basic movement because of its similar muscles recruitment to many athletic movements patterns. Furthermore, the squat exercise is one of the main exercises used to improve the lower-body strength. The required technique was demonstrated to all subjects before beginning the eccentric session, and they were coached during the protocol to be sure adequate technique and maximal effort in each repetition were maintained. All participants performed 5 min on a treadmill to warm up before performing the eccentric bout. Description of the foam roller intervention The foam-rolling technique was based on a previously published protocol. In both protocols, the technique was repeated on both legs for 1 min for a total of 5 sets, with a 30-s rest between sets. The cadence for both techniques (NVFR and VFR) was fixed at 3:4 using a metronome. Using a protocol adapted from previous study, subjects began in the plank position with the foam roller at the most proximal portion of the quadriceps of both legs, with as much of their body mass as possible on the foam roller. Non-Vibration Foam Rolling (NVFR) Group: subjects performed the FR protocol using a custom-made foam roller composed of a polystyrene foam cylinder (15-cm diameter × 35-cm long). Vibration Foam Rolling (VFR) Group: subjects performed the same protocol using a foam roller with vibration (frequency: 18 Hz) composed of a polystyrene foam cylinder (15-cm diameter × 35-cm long).

Official Title
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Effects of Vibration Foam Rolling and Non-vibration Foam Rolling in Recovery After Exercise Induce Muscle Damage

Conditions
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Pain, Acute

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Foam roller
* Device: Vibration foam roller


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All subjects were free from musculoskeletal disorders in the last year. All subjects were asked to abstain from unaccustomed exercise, all medications and dietary supplements 72 hours before baseline measurements, during the experimental period and post-treatment Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with symptoms or pathology,

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Foam roller<br>Non-Vibration Foam Rolling (NVFR) Group: subjects performed the FR protocol using a custom-made foam roller composed of a polystyrene foam cylinder (15-cm diameter × 35-cm long). | Device: Foam roller<br>* Foam roller massage after DOMS<br>|
| Experimental: vibration foam roller<br>Vibration Foam Rolling (VFR) Group: subjects performed the same protocol using a foam roller with vibration (frequency: 18 Hz) composed of a polystyrene foam cylinder (15-cm diameter × 35-cm long) (Hyperice ®). | Device: Vibration foam roller<br>* Foam roller massage with vibration after DOMS<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| visual-analogue scale (VAS) | used to measure DOMS and to estimate the intensity of its associated pain. In order to standardize the scaling instructions, the endpoints were described for the subject as 0 = 'no sensation' and 10 = 'the most worst intense sensation imaginable' (16,40). The VAS was measured in four different conditions: 1) passive, 2) during isometric quadriceps contraction, 3) performing a squat and 4) during stretch quadriceps. | 2 seconds | 
| Pressure pain threshold | measured using a digital pressure algometer (Microfet3 ®, Hoggan Health Industries). The digital dynamometer with a 1 cm probe was used to measure three points at the quadriceps: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM). Subject was lying on the stretcher, the algometer was positioned perpendicularly to the skin at each point and gradual pressure was applied until the subject reported a change from the sensation of pressure to pain. In that point the pressure was stopped immediately and the value was recorded represented the pain threshold (16). The mean of the 3 measures was calculated. Algometry has been shown to be highly reliable (ICC = 0.91) (9). | 1 minute | 
| Muscle oxygenation | was recorded at rest, during 10 squat repetitions (body weight load) and immediately after, using a commercially available portable non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device (Moxy, Fortiori Design LLC, Minnesota, USA). | 2 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Infrared Optojump photoelectric cells (Microgate Corporation, Bolzano, Italy) | were used to measure explosive strength in lower limbs | 5 minutes | 
| Passive and active hip extension and knee flexion ROM of the dominant leg | were measured with a Microfet3 ® inclinometer using the protocol of Norkin & White | 2 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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foam roller, vibration foam roller, pressure pain threshold, oxygen saturation, countermovement jump, soreness