Study of Human Microbiota in Healthy and Pathological Conditions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the present study is to characterize the bacterial composition (microbiota) colonizing to the human body in different physio - pathological conditions (lifestyle, motor activity, surgical operations, probiotic and prebiotic consumption, antibiotic therapies, chemotherapeutic therapies), nervous and musculoskeletal diseases, gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders , oral and vaginal diseases, etc.). In particular, they will be investigate: the changes in the bacterial abundance the potential microbial interactions with the human host the microbial networks describing on the bacterial interactions within a specific composition of the human microbiota

Detailed Description
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The main objective of this study is to deepen the knowledge about the bacterial communities associated to the human organism. In particular, the present study aims to evaluate how the microbiota (intestinal, cutaneous, vaginal, nasal, bronchial, breast milk, salivary, oral, etc.) is subject to quantitative and qualitative changes consequently to different events involving the human host. The project trys to highlight which microorganisms may be involved in the onset or progression of certain pathological condition, as well as to identify which bacterial genera can be more subject to variations due to specific non-pathological events. Secondary objectives of this study are: To define a healthy microbiome, that is to understand which are the main bacteria that commonly compose the human microbiome in physiological conditions, differentiating it from that present in certain pathological conditions. To characterize the physiological effects that bacterial changes of the human microbiota have on the host. To evaluate whether the use of probiotics, prebiotics, dietary and nutritional factors, cosmetics, and oral, nasal, vaginal, or pharmacological therapies of any kind can influence the microbial network of the human microbiota associated to different body districts.

Official Title
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Study of Human Microbiota in Healthy and Pathological Conditions

Conditions
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Microbial Colonization

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Antibiotic therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: subjects suffering from neurological/behavioral diseases; subjects suffering of bone diseases; subjects affected of dysmetabolic / or endocrine disorders; subjects with physical activities at a competitive level; subjects affected of gastrointestinal disorders; subjects with prolonged antibiotic therapies and undergoing surgery Exclusion Criteria: no use of probiotics in the month prior the sampling; no use of antibiotics in the month prior the sampling; no consumption of yogurt in the month prior the sampling;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Neurological and behavioral disorders<br>Subjects with neurological or behavioral disorders such as Tourette syndrome are enrolled. | Drug: Antibiotic therapy<br>* To evaluate the effects of a specific event (i.e. surgical operation) or therapy (i.e antibiotic treatment) over time;<br>* Other names: Probiotics, dietary factors, cosmetics and adjuvants;|
| Subjects affected by bone diseases<br>Subjects affected by bone diseases such as infective osteomyelitis or osteoporosis are enrolled. | Drug: Antibiotic therapy<br>* To evaluate the effects of a specific event (i.e. surgical operation) or therapy (i.e antibiotic treatment) over time;<br>* Other names: Probiotics, dietary factors, cosmetics and adjuvants;|
| Dysmetabolic and/or endocrine disorders<br>Patients with endocrine disorders, such as thyroid disfunctions, or with metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus,are enrolled. | |
| Subjects performing agonistic activity<br>Subjects performing physical activity at agonistic level are enrolled. | |
| Gastroenteric disorders<br>Subjects affected by gastric and/or enteric disorders are enrolled. | |
| Prolonged antibiotic therapy<br>Patients subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapies and undergone a variety of surgical procedures are enrolled. | Drug: Antibiotic therapy<br>* To evaluate the effects of a specific event (i.e. surgical operation) or therapy (i.e antibiotic treatment) over time;<br>* Other names: Probiotics, dietary factors, cosmetics and adjuvants;|
| Healthy subjects<br>Subjects without any known ongoing disease are enrolled. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bacterial abundances calculated by mean of Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) count | It is a measure of the bacterial amount | Up to 24 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chao's indices estimated on the total OTU amount | It is a measure of bacterial diversity | Up to 24 weeks | 
| Simpson's index (D) estimated on the total OTU amount | It is a measure of bacterial diversity | Up to 24 weeks | 
| Shannon's index estimated on the total OTU amount | It is a measure of bacterial diversity | Up to 24 weeks | 
| The OTU abundances will be used to calculate an adjacency matrix based on the Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) among different bacterial genus | It is a measure of strength of linear association between different bacterial genera | up to 24 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Human microbiota