Encouraging Allergic Young Adults to Carry Epinephrine

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Fifteen million Americans suffer from food allergies. Food allergies can be life threatening; the only known life-saving treatment is epinephrine. Adolescents/young adults are at increased risk of adverse events, because of increased risk-taking with food and decreased likelihood of carrying epinephrine. This is a pilot randomized trial to test text message reminders, with and without financial incentives, to encourage allergic young adults to carry epinephrine.

Detailed Description
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Aim: We pilot tested a novel strategy to encourage young adults with food allergies to carry their epinephrine auto-injectors. Adolescents/young adults are at increased risk of adverse events, because of increased risk-taking with food and decreased likelihood of carrying epinephrine. Study design: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial, with a survey component. Text messaging is the mode of communication and inquiry with study participants. Hypothesis: The intervention group, which will receive modest financial incentives for carrying epinephrine, will be more likely to demonstrate that they are carrying their epinephrine, when queried by the study team. This study employs text messaging, along with photography, as a mode of momentary ecologic assessment, or real-time measurement of epinephrine carrying. In addition, text messaging was used as a mode of asking questions regarding food allergy knowledge and beliefs among young adults. Text messages were sent from a designated telephone (and telephone number) purchased for use in this study. We used text messaging for reminder messages, text responses, and for the participants to send photographs back to us. We converted text message data (participants responses) into a RedCap database. Our research coordinator sent and received the text messages and compiled a secure RedCap database of responses.

Official Title
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Using Text Messaging and Financial Incentives to Encourage Allergic Young Adults to Carry Epinephrine

Conditions
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Adherence, Food Allergy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Behavioral Economics


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Have known food allergy Epinephrine auto-injector prescription Access to a cell phone with ability to send picture messages Exclusion Criteria: -

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Participants received text messages and financial incentives after successfully documenting that they were carrying their epinephrine auto-injectors, based on principles of behavioral economics. | Other: Behavioral Economics<br>* Use financial incentives to promote epinephrine-carrying.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Participants received text messages. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Proportion of check-ins at which participant is carrying epinephrine | Proportion of check-ins at which participants were successfully carrying their epinephrine, measured using cell phone photographs. | 10 randomly timed check-ins during the 7 week intervention period | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Self-reported acceptability of text messages | Assess young adults' perspectives on text messaging as a vehicle for communicating health messages. | Measured at the end of the 7 week intervention |