Effect of Beans Compared to Beef on Satiety in Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This human clinical trial is using a randomized crossover design to examine the effect of two varieties of beans compared to beef on satiety and food intake in older adults.

Detailed Description
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This human clinical trial is using a randomized crossover design that includes 3 study visits separated by washout periods of at least 1 week. Each study visit will last approximately 4 hours and will occur at the Human Nutraceutical Research Unit (HNRU) at the University of Guelph. Study visits will occur in the morning and begin with measurement of fasting body weight. Participants will then complete a baseline satiety questionnaire before they consume a breakfast test meal (that includes either red kidney beans, black beans or extra-lean ground beef). After the breakfast meal, participants will complete a palatability questionnaire. They will also complete more satiety questionnaires at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. After 180 minutes, participants will be consume an ad libitum pizza lunch meal until they are comfortably full. Participants will then be sent home with a food scale and instructions to record everything they eat and drink for the remainder of the day.

Official Title
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The Effect of Beans Compared to Beef on Satiety and Food Intake in Older Adults

Conditions
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Older Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Canned black beans, drained and rinsed
* Other: Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed
* Other: Extra-lean ground beef


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy males and females ≥60 years old BMI between 18.5-30 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Medication use that is not at a stable dose (at least 3 months) Natural health product use that is not at a stable dose (at least 3 months) Antibiotic use in the past 3 months Overnight shift work Alcohol consumption >14 drinks/week or >4 drinks/sitting Anaphylactic food allergy Pulse (beans, lentils, chickpeas, dried peas) consumption >4 servings per week Recent or intended significant weight loss or weight gain (>4 kg in previous 3 months) Breakfast skipping ≥4 days per week Vegan diet Dislike or unable to consume beans, ground beef, shredded cheddar cheese, white tortilla wraps or frozen cheese pizza Three Factor Eating Questionnaire scale scores >11 for Cognitive Restraint, >9 for Disinhibition, and >8 for Hunger Diagnosed hypertension (blood pressure >140/90mmHg) that is not managed Diagnosed digestive-related condition (i.e. Celiac Disease, constipation, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gluten intolerance, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis), irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance) Diagnosed cognitive-related condition (i.e. Alzheimer's Disease, amnesia, dementia, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, Parkinson's Disease, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury) Medical condition that does not have stable management for at least 3 months Medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization in the past 3 months Tobacco use Cannabis use Vape use

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Black beans<br>Canned black beans, drained and rinsed | Other: Canned black beans, drained and rinsed<br>* Canned black beans, drained and rinsed and consumed in a tortilla wrap<br>|
| Experimental: Red kidney beans<br>Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed | Other: Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed<br>* Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed, drained and rinsed and consumed in a tortilla wrap<br>|
| Experimental: Extra-lean ground beef<br>Extra-lean ground beef, pan-fried | Other: Extra-lean ground beef<br>* Extra-lean ground beef, pan-fried and consumed in a tortilla wrap<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Subjective appetite sensations | Fullness, satisfaction, hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (measured by a visual analogue scale in mm) | Area under the 180 minute curve | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Food intake at an ad libitum pizza meal | Food intake will be measured in grams at an ad libitum cheese pizza lunch meal | 180 minutes after consumption of study treatment (in a breakfast meal) | 
| 24-hour energy intake | Energy intake measured as kcal for 24 hours after consumption of study treatment (in a breakfast meal) using a weighed food record | 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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satiety, beans, beef, appetite, food intake, energy intake, older adults