Retrospective Analysis of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Chronic Non-cancer Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Since 2014, the Queen Mary Hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in Hong Kong, has commenced the provision of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) services with structured guidelines, standardized protocols and comprehensive pre- and post-operative assessments. It is hoped that the needs of chronic pain patients, especially those who are refractory to conventional medical management, can be better addressed with the introduction of SCS. Hence, through the proposed retrospective study, the investigator aim to systematically evaluate the use of SCS in Queen Mary Hospital, thereby providing evidence with regard to its efficacy and safety for pain management.

Detailed Description
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As one of the most common health complaints in the world, low back pain (LBP) can affect people across all age groups, with a lifetime prevalence of 84%. In Hong Kong LBP is reported to be the second most prevalent illness due to work and the most common illness made worse by work. LBP can be acute or chronic, with the former lasting less than six weeks and the latter lasting more than twelve weeks. LBP is believed to have an adverse impact on quality of life and functional performance, creating social and economic costs. Current guidelines on the management of chronic LBP generally recommend the use of conservative treatments, pharmacological agents and/or invasive treatments. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in pharmacologic therapy, while conservative treatments such as supervised exercise therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy are other possible therapeutic options. If necessary, more invasive treatments including epidural corticosteroids, intra-articular steroid injections and spinal cord stimulation may be considered. With the advances in neuromodulation in recent decades, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become a well-established therapeutic modality for the treatment of chronic pain. Through the delivery of electrical stimulation to the dorsal column of the spinal cord, SCS modulates the pain signals and replaces the pain sensation with tingling paraesthesia for pain relief. Evidence-based guidelines published by the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC) of the International Neuromodulation Society recommend the use of SCS for a variety of chronic pain conditions, which include failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), upper extremity neuropathic pain syndrome, chronic refractory angina and ischemic peripheral neuropathic pain. Yet the effectiveness of SCS on chronic non-cancer pain management is still unknown in Hong Kong.

Official Title
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Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Management of Chronic Non-cancer Pain: a Retrospective Study

Conditions
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Chronic Pain

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Spinal cord stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: all patients underwent SCS for chronic non-cancer pain management between 2014 to 2021 in Queen Mary Hospital Exclusion Criteria: missing of essential data

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Procedure: Spinal cord stimulation|Two leads for spinal cord stimulation would be implanted.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| pain score | Pain score using numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10, 0 represents no pain, and 10 represents the worst pain. | At 1 week after implant of spinal cord stimulation |