Assessment of Balance in Patients With Pes Planus

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Introduction: Pes planus is a foot deformity with increased contact of the foot with the ground as a result of the decrease or disappearance of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. The arch of the foot creates an adaptive and flexible support for the whole body, and biomechanical changes in the foot can affect the whole body posture and balance. The results of the studies evaluating balance and plantar pressure analysis in adults with pes planus seem contradictory. The aim of this study is to evaluate fall risk and plantar pressure in adults with pes planus aged 50 -65 years

Detailed Description
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Materials and Methods: 34 cases with pes planus will be included in the study. Medial longitudinal arch height of all cases will be evaluated by physical examination . Affected foot, presence of too many toes sign will be observed. With the fingertip rise test, it will be checked whether the pes planus is flexible or rigid. Inky foot analysis and plantar pressure analysis will be performed in cases. Chippaux-Smirak index and Staheli arch index of all cases will be evaluated for the diagnosis of pes planus.The risk of falling will be calculated by evaluation of the balance with clinically and with posturography. Results: Statistical analyzes in the study will be made with the NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) package program. In addition to descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation) in the evaluation of the data, the distribution of the variables will be examined with the Shapiro - Wilk normality test, one-way analysis of variance in the comparison of the normally distributed variables, Tukey multiple comparison test in the comparison of subgroups, independent t test in the comparison of the paired groups, Chi-square test will be used in comparisons of qualitative data. Results will be evaluated at the level of significance p<0.05. Discussion: The results will be discussed according to the recent literature. In the literature, there are conflicting results about the balance and gait of adults with pes planus. In several studies in the literature, it has been found that the risk of falling is increased in elderly individuals with pes planus. The study can contribute to the literature in this perspective.

Official Title
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Assessment of Balance in Patients With Pes Planus Aged 50-65, Clinically and With Static Posturography

Conditions
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Pes Planus, Fall Risk

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Inky foot analysis
* Diagnostic Test: Evaluation of plantar pressure with pedobarography
* Diagnostic Test: Balance assessment with computerized posturography


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients aged 50 years and above with pes planus according to Staheli Arch Index and Chippaux- Smirak Index Exclusion Criteria: Congenital anomalies of the foot Prior lower extremity surgery Inflammatory arthritis Neuromuscular diseases Diseases that interfere with lower extremity circulation Presence of orthostatic hypotension Untreated visual impairment Neurological and vestibular diseases Use of drugs that can cause balance disorders (Antipsychotics, Pregabalin, etc.)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 50 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Adults with pes planus<br>Detailed clinical examination of cases with pes planus will be performed. Inky foot analysis of both feet will be performed to confirm the diagnosis of pes planus in the subjects included in the study. Staheli arch index and Chippaux-Smirak Index will be calculated for each foot based on the footprints obtained. According to the Staheli Arc Index 1 and above, according to the Chippaux-Smirak Index 0.45 and above will be considered as pes planus, static foot pressure measurement will be performed with a pedobarography device in all cases. Peak pressure, maximum force and total foot area values will be obtained. Balance assessment of the patients will be performed with a computerized static posturography device. Individuals will be graded according to the fall index results, as low, medium and high risk. It will be determined whether there is a fall risk with the Timed Up and Go Test, which is one of the clinical balance tests. | Diagnostic Test: Inky foot analysis<br>* Inky foot analysis to confirm the diagnosis of pes planus<br>* Other names: Fall risk assessment with static posturography;Diagnostic Test: Evaluation of plantar pressure with pedobarography<br>* Evaluation of plantar pressure distribution by pedobarography in individuals with pes planus<br>Diagnostic Test: Balance assessment with computerized posturography<br>* Evaluation of fall risk with computerized posturography<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fall risk | Balance - the body's ability to remain stable against internal and external factors.Clinical, Functional and computer aided methods are frequently used to evaluate balance. The risk of falling will be evaluated with the computerized static posturography device [Tetrax® Interactive Postural Balance System (Sunlight Medical, Israel)] | 10 minutes | 
| Fall risc | Balance - the body's ability to remain stable against internal and external factors.Clinical, Functional and computer aided methods are frequently used to evaluate balance. The risk of falling will be evaluated with the timed up to go test. | 5 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plantar Pressure Analysis | Static foot pressure measurement will be performed with (Emed, Novel GmBH,Germany) device in all cases.Peak pressure (Kpa), maximum force (N) and total foot area (cm²) values will be obtained.The correlation of these parameters with the risk of falling will be examined. | 10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Pes planus, Ink foot analysis, Pedobarography, Computed posturography