Colostrum and Inflammation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Colostrum is the milk that is first produced by a mother after giving birth. It plays a key role in the normal early development of mammals by providing substances that are important for nutrition, immunological defence and healthy growth and development. Research has shown that the immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides and growth factors in dairy colostrum and early season milk from cows are nearly identical to human. After puberty our bodies begin the aging process, and gradually produce less immune and growth factors that resist disease and heal tissue. Colostrum is a natural source of these life-enhancing components. Research shows that colostrum supports immune function and can help use fat for fuel and optimise cellular reproduction. Colostrum is receiving an increasing amount of interest in the healthcare community because of the potential benefits it can offer to a variety of patient groups by boosting the body's immune response, encouraging growth and repair in the gut, stabilising gut microflora and supporting better nutritional absorption and muscle growth. Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality predominantly from associated chronic diseases. Currently within the UK approximately 5% of NHS spend is in relation to type 2 diabetes alone. Within Wales, approximately £256 million is spent on the care of these patients. Estimates suggest that people with type 2 diabetes have the disease for approximately 10 years before diagnosis, during which complications become well established including dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Additionally, many of these people are overweight or obese before they develop diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase despite recent advances in our understanding of the basic physiology of glucose control. There is a clear association between inflammation, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We aim to target inflammation levels seen in those with impaired glucose homeostasis such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), collectively called pre-diabetes.

Detailed Description
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Colostrum is the milk that is first produced by a mother after giving birth. It plays a key role in the normal early development of mammals by providing substances that are important for nutrition, immunological defence and healthy growth and development. Research has shown that the immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides and growth factors in dairy colostrum and early season milk from cows are nearly identical to human. After puberty our bodies begin the aging process, and gradually produce less immune and growth factors that resist disease and heal tissue. Colostrum is a natural source of these life-enhancing components. Research shows that colostrum supports immune function and can help use fat for fuel and optimise cellular reproduction. Colostrum is receiving an increasing amount of interest in the healthcare community because of the potential benefits it can offer to a variety of patient groups by boosting the body's immune response, encouraging growth and repair in the gut, stabilising gut microflora and supporting better nutritional absorption and muscle growth. Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality predominantly from associated chronic diseases. Currently within the UK approximately 5% of NHS spend is in relation to type 2 diabetes alone. Within Wales, approximately £256 million is spent on the care of these patients. Estimates suggest that people with type 2 diabetes have the disease for approximately 10 years before diagnosis, during which complications become well established including dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Additionally, many of these people are overweight or obese before they develop diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase despite recent advances in our understanding of the basic physiology of glucose control. There is a clear association between inflammation, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We aim to target inflammation levels seen in those with impaired glucose homeostasis such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), collectively called pre-diabetes. The focus of the work will be to investigate the effects of dairy colostrum as a food supplement on inflammatory processes and the potential role that it could play in the prevention of pre-diabetes developing into type 2 diabetes.

Official Title
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The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dairy Colostrum Neovite™ as a Dietary Supplement for Humans

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Bovine Colostrum


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: both genders age 18-65 years no impaired glucose homeostasis (HbA1c <6.0% or <42mmol/mol) (Group 1) impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (ITG) (HbA1c 6.0-6.5% or 42-48mmol/mol) (Group 2) type 2 diabetes (>6.5% or >48mmol/mol) (Group 3) Exclusion Criteria: those who cannot give informed consent those who are lactose intolerant females who are pregnant or breastfeeding those with type 1 diabetes those with chronic kidney disease those taking GLP-1 agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This was a non-randomised control trial involving individuals split into 3 groups (healthy, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes) that all received colostrum for 28 days.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: People without Diabetes<br>A 4 week supply of a commercial dairy colostrum supplement (Neovite™) given to each participant. | Dietary Supplement: Bovine Colostrum<br>* Bovine colostrum (Neovite)<br>|
| Experimental: Participants with Pre-diabetes<br>A 4 week supply of a commercial dairy colostrum supplement (Neovite™) given to each participant. | Dietary Supplement: Bovine Colostrum<br>* Bovine colostrum (Neovite)<br>|
| Experimental: Participants with Type 2 diabetes<br>A 4 week supply of a commercial dairy colostrum supplement (Neovite™) given to each participant. | Dietary Supplement: Bovine Colostrum<br>* Bovine colostrum (Neovite)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| This project aimed to examine changes in insulin resistance in participants using dairy colostrum as a food supplement | insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | before and after 28 days supplementation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| This project aimed to examine changes in inflammatory markers in participants using dairy colostrum as a food supplement | to measure CRP | before and after 28 days supplementation | 
| This project aimed to examine changes in inflammatory markers in participants using dairy colostrum as a food supplement | to measure IL6 | before and after 28 days supplementation | 
| This project aimed to examine changes in inflammatory markers in participants using dairy colostrum as a food supplement | to measure iFABP | before and after 28 days supplementation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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diabetes, colostrum