Prediction of Fetal Macrosomia by US

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Fetal macrosomia defined as birth weight above 90th centile ,macrosomia occurs in 42-62%of pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus ,in 30-56% of pregnancy complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus . -The delivery of macrosomic infant has potentially severe consequence for both the newborn and mother .Increased birth weight increase the risk in the fetus of shoulder dystocia and premature brachial plexus injury ,and those infant weighing above 4500g are at increased risk for neonatal morbidity ,including the need for assisted ventilation and meconium aspiration .Maternal complication result from operative delivery and include postpartum hemorrhage ,third or fourth degree laceration and postpartum infection .

Detailed Description
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Estimated fetal body weight is needed especially when head measurement is impossible whenever the fetal head is positioned low in pelvic brim .A convenient method for estimating fetal body weight without head measurement was thus required . -The human placenta develop with the principal function of providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus ,adequate fetal growth and subsequent normal birth weight depend on normal placenta .

Official Title
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The Prediction of Fetal Macrosomia by Measurement of Placenta Volume and Thickness in Pregnant Women With Diabetes Mellitus

Conditions
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Fetal Macrosomia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound
* Diagnostic Test: HbA1c level in blood


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 1.Singleton gestational 2.Gestational age over 16-20 weeks 3.Intact membrane 4.Normal umbilical morphology (two arteries and one vein ) Exclusion Criteria: The presence of fetal congenital anomaly . Multifetal pregnancy. Maternal chronic disease (hypertension, renal disease ,and pulmonary disease ,etc.) Patient with a diagnosis such as oligohydramnios ,preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation . Patient who used cigarette or alcohol during pregnancy.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 43 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Diabetes mellitus<br>Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus will be examined by us to measures placental volume and thickness ,IV thickness and HbA1c | Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound<br>* Ultrasound will be done to every pregnant lady<br>Diagnostic Test: HbA1c level in blood<br>* a blood sample will be taken to measure HbA1c level<br>|
| control group<br>Pregnant women with no medical disorders will be examined by us to measures placental volume and thickness ,IV thickness and HbA1c | Diagnostic Test: Ultrasound<br>* Ultrasound will be done to every pregnant lady<br>Diagnostic Test: HbA1c level in blood<br>* a blood sample will be taken to measure HbA1c level<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| the number of paticipants who will have babies with macrosomias | To detect number of fetuses who will develop macrosomia | within a week from delivery |