Impact of Manual Lymphatic Drainage on Postoperative Edema of the Face and the Neck After Orthognathic Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Orthognathic surgery aims to standardize position of the maxilla and the mandible and therefore chewing, breathing, phonation and swallowing functions. In postoperative, several physical and functional consequences are observed in patients: transient edema of the face, maxillo-mandibular blocking (causing difficulties to eat and occasional weight loss), pain and sensory disturbances (labial or/and chin paresthesias). Achieving sessions of manual lymphatic drainage by physiotherapist may allow faster decrease of postoperative edema, improved postoperative comfort and mental well-being. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of sessions of manual lymphatic drainage to reduce postoperative edema.

Detailed Description
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Orthognathic surgery aims to standardize position of the maxilla and the mandible and therefore chewing, breathing, phonation and swallowing functions. In postoperative, several physical and functional consequences are observed in patients: transient edema of the face, maxillo-mandibular blocking (causing difficulties to eat and occasional weight loss), pain and sensory disturbances (labial or/and chin paresthesias). Achieving sessions of manual lymphatic drainage by physiotherapist may allow faster decrease of postoperative edema, improved postoperative comfort and mental well-being. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of sessions of manual lymphatic drainage to reduce postoperative edema. Secondary objectives of the study are to assess impact of sessions of manual lymphatic drainage on patient comfort (pain, aesthetic discomfort, difficulty in breathing and discomfort in swallowing) and on ental well-being. Patients allocated to the intervention group will have 13 sessions of manual lymphatic drainage and those allocated in control group will not. Edema of patients will be measured at day 1, day 8, day 15 and day 22 after surgery by a different physiotherapist than physiotherapist achieving drainage sessions, blind to the randomization group of the patient. At the same time, comfort criteria will be assessed by a visual analogue scale and mental well-being with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28).

Official Title
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Impact of Manual Lymphatic Drainage on Postoperative Edema of the Face and the Neck After Orthognathic Surgery.Open-label Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Maxillofacial Abnormalities, Post Procedural Discharge

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Manual Lymphatic drainage


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Orthognathic surgery (mandibular osteotomy, maxillary osteotomy or both) Providing informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Postoperative flexible restraint on the chin region. Inability to understand and/or follow all scheduled visits.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Manual Lymphatic Drainage<br>9 daily sessions of manual lymphatic drainage (except on Saturday/Sunday) starting at Day 1 after surgery. 4 more sessions (one every two days). | Other: Manual Lymphatic drainage<br>* Manual lymphatic drainage of the face and the neck is a massage technique that aims to remove an edema of this anatomical region. The technique consists to stimulate the lymph nodes in order to accelerate the lymph flow and to achieve a specific massage to promote the entry of lymph nodes in the initial lymphatics. Massages follow anatomical pathways of vessels and of lymph nodes of the head and the neck. The technique should be smooth and painless.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>No session of manual lymphatic drainage | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of edema using a centimeter scale. | Assessment in centimeter of the distance between the ear lobes passing under the bottom of the columella, through the chin and passing under the bottom edge of the chin and assessment in centimeter of the neck circumference at 7.5 cm below the lobes ears. | day 22 after surgery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Comfort criteria | Comfort criteria (pain, aesthetic discomfort, difficulty in breathing and discomfort in swallowing) will be assessed by a self-administered questionnaire consisting of visual analogue scale(0-10). | Day 22 | 
| mental well-being. | The mental well-being will be assessed by the General Health Questionnaire in its 28 items french version (GHQ-28) | day 22 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Maxillofacial Orthognathic Surgery, Manual lymphatic drainage