First Aid by Laypersons - Effect on Mortality and Length of Stay

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The study aims to assess the effect of first aid from bystanders on survival, admission length, and need of ICU-stay for trauma victims.

Detailed Description
-----------------
All ambulance services in Norway will be invited to participate. In the participating ambulance services, the personnel of first unit to reach the scene of accident for any emergency response to trauma will register what first aid measures (if any) are indicated and have been performed by the bystanders on the scene up til the point where the ambulance arrives. Hospital data for each case will be retrieved. Those patients who did receive correct first aid will then be compared to those patients who did not receive first aid, and those where first aid was attempted but not correct for differences in share of survivors, length of hospital stay, and need for admission to ICU.

Official Title
-----------------
Førstehjelp Gjort av Lekfolk-effekt på dødelighet og behandlingsforløp (First Aid by Laypersons - Effect on Mortality and Length of Stay)

Conditions
-----------------
Wounds and Injury, First Aid, Bystander, Trauma

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: First aid


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All emergency response calls to trauma (drownings and hangings included) Exclusion Criteria: No injury to patient Non-traumatic condition Poisonings
Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| First aid correct<br>Patient has received first aid according to local guidelines for all indicated first aid measures from bystanders on scene of accident when the first ambulance arrives | Procedure: First aid<br>* Open airway (head tilt, chin lift), recovery position, staunch of bleeding, prevention of hypothermia, cooling of burn, CPR<br>|
| First aid attempted<br>Bystanders have attempted first aid for indicated first aid measures, but measures have been incorrectly performed according to local guidelines | Procedure: First aid<br>* Open airway (head tilt, chin lift), recovery position, staunch of bleeding, prevention of hypothermia, cooling of burn, CPR<br>|
| No first aid<br>Indicated first aid measures have not been carried out when the first ambulance arrives on scene | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Admission length | Length of hospital stay after injury, in days | 3 months after inclusion | 
| Survival | 30-day survival, starting from day of injury | 1 month after inclusion | 
| Need of ICU stay | Whether patient is admitted to ICU during admission | 3 months after inclusion | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Length of ICU stay | Length of ICU stay if patient was admitted to ICU, in days | 3 months after inclusion | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Wounds and injury, First aid, Bystander, Laypersons, Trauma