18Fluorine-Fluciclovine PET/CT for Staging Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Preceding Radical Cystectomy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This research study is studying a positron emission tomography (PET) agent called 18F-fluciclovine to evaluate how well 18F-fluciclovine-PET scans determine the extent of muscle invasive bladder cancer (as compared to regular CT and MRI imaging) and whether 18F-fluciclovine-PET scans can provide information about the pathologic grade of the tumor.

Detailed Description
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This research study is a pilot study, which is the first-time investigators are examining this study imaging agent, 18F-fluciclovine, for use in imaging bladder cancer. Staging of muscle invasive bladder cancer is currently done using computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both CT and MRI are useful to determine the extent of bladder cancer, but some studies show that up to 40% of patients with negative CT or MRI scans for disease outside the bladder are found to have disease outside the bladder (in lymph nodes near the bladder) at the time of surgery. Given the limitations of the imaging exams currently used for staging bladder cancer, new techniques and imaging agents that can better identify metastatic lesions, especially within the pelvis, are desired and would be very useful. 18F-fluciclovine is a new radiotracer that was recently approved to evaluate lesions in recurrent prostate cancer (but not for bladder cancer). This radiotracer targets amino-acid receptors, which are overexpressed in multiple cancers. Studies have shown that 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT can visualize other types of cancers, such as breast cancer. A major advantage of 18F-fluciclovine is that it does not get into the bladder during the time of imaging. This may make it easier to see disease in the pelvis that is outside the bladder. The purpose of this study to determine whether 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT can better stage muscle invasive bladder cancer compared to conventional CT or MRI. A secondary aim of this study is to determine whether 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT can reveal the pathologic grade of the bladder cancer, which is only determined from pathology specimens obtained at surgery.

Official Title
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A Pilot Study of 18Fluorine-Fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Staging Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Preceding Radical Cystectomy

Conditions
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Bladder Cancer, Urothelial Carcinoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: 18F-fluciclovine
* Device: PET/CT


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants must have histologically or cytologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Participants must have cT2-T4N0 disease at the time of the study, as defined by conventional CT or MRI imaging. Patients must have no definite evidence of locoregional or distant metastatic disease at the time of study eligibility, as defined by conventional imaging. Radical cystectomy must be planned for the patient after the planned 18F-fluciclovine-PET/CT. Patients may or may not have had prior neoadjuvant therapy prior to this study. Age ≥18 years. Since no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of 18F-fluciclovine in participants <18 years of age, and the majority of bladder cancer occur in the adult population [42], children are excluded from this study but will be eligible for future pediatric trials. ECOG performance status ≤2 (Karnofsky ≥60%, see Appendix A) Ability and willingness to comply with the study procedures. The effects of 18F-fluciclovine on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because radiopharmaceuticals may be teratogenic, women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for 24 hours after the PET/CT scan is completed. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document Exclusion Criteria: Participants with other known malignancies that has required treatment in the past 3 years. Pregnant women are excluded from this study because 18F-fluciclovine is a radiopharmaceutical with the potential for teratogenic effects. Because of the radiation exposure to a nursing infant from 18F-fluciclovine, women who are breastfeeding are also excluded from this study. History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to 18F-fluciclovine. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements. Contraindications for PET/CT including: Severe claustrophobia Any past or current condition that in the opinion of the study investigators would confound the results of the study or pose additional risk to the patient by their participation in the study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 18F-fluciclovine<br>18F-fluciclovine will be administered via slow push over 10 seconds through a peripheral intravenous line Immediately after the injection of the radiopharmaceutical, dynamic PET/CT images of the pelvis will be obtained for 15 minutes Subsequently, PET/CT images will be obtained from the pelvis to the base of skull. | Drug: 18F-fluciclovine<br>* 18F-fluciclovine is a new radiotracer. This radiotracer targets amino-acid transporters, which are overexpressed in multiple cancers.<br>* Other names: Axumin;Device: PET/CT<br>* Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) uses small amounts of radioactive materials called radiotracers, a special camera and a computer to help evaluate organ and tissue functions.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The agreement rate of metastatic disease status between 18F-fluciclovine-PET/CT and histopathology from radical cystectomy | Lymph nodes will be classified as positive or negative for metastatic disease on 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT and compared to pathologic stage as determined from surgery. | 2 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The amount of 18F-fluciclovine accumulation in the primary bladder tumor on PET | 18F-fluciclovine SUVmax in primary bladder tumor as a measure of uptake; primary tumor stage and size at radical cystectomy | 2 years | 
| The rate of detection of suspected distant metastatic disease by 18F-fluciclovine-PET/CT | Visualization of distant metastases on 18F-fluciclovine-PET/CT will be binary-categorized as present/absent. We will compute sensitivity to compare 18F-fluciclovine-PET/CT with standard imaging modalities for distant metastases. The number of distant metastases will be descriptively shown by imaging modalities. | 2 years | 
| 18F-fluciclovine uptake on PET/CT to the presence/absence of ASCT2 and LAT1 amino acid transporters. | 18F-fluciclovine SUVmax in primary bladder tumor; Presence/absence of ASCT2 and LAT1 amino acid transporter in resected primary bladder tumors | 2 Years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, cystectomy