Raspberries and Postprandial Metabolism

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Raspberries are high in several phytochemicals, vitamin C and B vitamins and have been shown to be potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. However, human interventional studies reporting the effects of raspberries in obesity, T2DM and associated oxidative stress and inflammation are limited. Aims, objectives and methods: Aim 1: To assess the effects of raspberries in postprandial glycemia and lipemia following a high-fat fast-food style meal challenge versus control group Objectives: to execute this aim, the investigators will conduct analyses of serum glucose, insulin and lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) at fasting (baseline) and at postprandial 1,2,4 hours of high-fat, fast food style breakfast consumption. The investigators will also calculate homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at these time points using serum glucose and insulin values. Aim 2: To assess the effects of raspberries in postprandial vascular functions (blood pressure and artery elasticity) and inflammation following a high-fat fast food style meal challenge versus control group Objectives: to execute this aim, the investigators will measure C-reactive protein (CRP) and the following parameters of vascular function associated with CVD at fasting (baseline) and at postprandial 1,2,4 hours of high-fat, fast food style breakfast consumption: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure large artery elasticity index and small artery elasticity index systemic vascular resistance

Official Title
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Raspberries, Postprandial Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Raspberries


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: type 2 diabetes Exclusion Criteria: not having type 2 diabetes

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control arm<br>A high-fat break fast meal with no raspberries. | |
| Experimental: Raspberry arm<br>A high-fat break fast meal with raspberries (250g frozen) | Other: Raspberries<br>* 250g frozen whole red raspberries<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postprandial blood glucose | Postprandial blood glucose will be measured at fasting, 1, 2 and 4 hours following meals with or without raspberries | postprandial 4 hours | 
| Postprandial blood lipids | Postprandial blood lipids will be measured at fasting, 1, 2 and 4 hours following meals with or without raspberries | postprandial 4 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Postprandial inflammation | Postprandial C-reactive protein and interleukins will be measured at fasting, 1, 2 and 4 hours following meals with or without raspberries | postprandial 4 hours |