Deescalating Carbapenems in Hospital Setting

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study aims to evaluate a deescalating therapeutic strategy (switch the carbapenem to another beta-lactam for which the isolated pathogen is susceptible) in patients with well-defined ESBL-PE infections (usual sites of infections and non severe infections).

Detailed Description
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Carbapenems are considered the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of infections due to expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE). Their use is readily increasing because of the pandemic of ESBL-PE. However, the future of these drugs is challenged by the worldwide emergency of new resistance mechanisms in the same pathogens, particularly the carbapenemases. This resistance makes these drugs inactive and gives no therapeutic options for patients. Resistance to carbapenems is strongly associated with the use of these drugs, because of their large spectrum and strong impact on the host flora. Consequently, the correct use of these drugs is an important public health objective. In France, the CA-SFM (Committee on Antimicrobial of the French Society for Microbiology) has suggested alternative strategies with narrow spectrum beta-lactam for the treatment of ESBL-PE infections, including 3rd or 4th cephalosporins, cefoxitin and penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors. A recent analysis including 6 prospective cohort studies of bloodstream infections due to ESBL-producing Escherichia coli did not find an excess of mortality or a longer length of hospital stay for patients receiving penicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitors, as compared to patients treated with carbapenems, after adjusting by confounding factors. As patients receiving carbapenems seem to be more severely affected, the efficacy and safety of the alternative strategy remain unproved. A randomized study is therefore needed to evaluate a deescalating therapeutic strategy (switch the carbapenem to another beta-lactam for which the isolated pathogen is susceptible) in patients with well-defined ESBL-PE infections (usual sites of infections and non severe infections). The objectives of the present study are to demonstrate that the alternative strategy of deescalating therapy is not inferior to a strategy maintaining the carbapenem in terms of clinical cure, survival, lack of relapse and microbiological cure.

Official Title
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Deescalating Carbapenems in Hospital Setting: a Multicentre Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Carbapenem Continuation and Switch to Another Beta-lactam for the Treatment of Infections Due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae

Conditions
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Urinary Infection, Digestive Infection, Biliary Infection, Expanded-spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing ESBL

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Deescalation therapy
* Drug: Maintaining carbapenem therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age ≥ 18 years Hospitalization in conventional ward; (3) Receiving a curative treatment with a carbapenem for at least 24 hours and less than 3 days for a recent infection due to an ESBL-PE, either initially or secondary documented With a site of infection originating from the urinary, digestive or biliary tract Identification of an ESBL-PE for which susceptibility results (by the method of discs) have shown to be susceptible to more narrow spectrum beta-lactams (cephalosporins, b-lactamase inhibitors, monobactams) With sepsis signs and symptoms controlled after initiation of antibiotic therapy For a community-acquired or hospital-acquired infection. Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy or breastfeeding Neutropenia (PNN < 500/mm3) Hospitalization in intensive care unit or bone marrow transplant unit Documented polymicrobial infection Culture of an ESBL-PE susceptible to an orally active drug (such as fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole) and possible use of one of these drugs Need to treat a EBLSE infection(s) wtih more than drug other than carbapenems Need to maintain an association with an aminoglycoside Colonization without signs and symptoms of sepsis Sepsis signs and symptoms not controlled at the time of enrolment Known allergy to beta-lactams Failure to complete medical examination Absence of signed written consent. Patient without healthcare insurance (French social security, CMU or AME)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Maintaining carbapenem therapy<br>Intravenous therapy, Maintaining carbapenem therapy | Drug: Maintaining carbapenem therapy<br>* Intravenous therapy, Maintaining carbapenem therapy<br>|
| Active Comparator: Deescalation therapy<br>Switch for a narrow spectrum beta-lactam active on the causative ESBL-PE. Deescalation therapy | Drug: Deescalation therapy<br>* Intravenous therapy Switch for a narrow spectrum beta-lactam active on the causative ESBL-PE.<br>* Other names: Switch for a narrow spectrum beta-lactam active;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical response | The main outcome will be the favorable response defined by criteria adapted to site of infection including clinical cure with resolution of sepsis, survival, microbiological eradication either documented or suspected, and the absence of a new antibiotic course for the treatment of the same ESBL-PE) at day 7 after the end of therapy. | 7 days after the end of therapy | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vital status of patients | Vital status at day 60 after initiation therapy ; Relapse at day 60 following initiation of therapy | 60 days after the initiation of therapy | 
| absence of relapse of the infection due to the same ESBL-PE strain | Vital status at day 60 after initiation therapy ; Relapse at day 60 following initiation of therapy | 60 days after the initiation of therapy | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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due to ESBL-PE, Carbapenems therapy/ESBL infections/Deescalation