Cognitive Control of Language

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The cognitive control of speech is central to human social communication. Two frontal brain regions seem to have a critical role: 1) Broca's area (BA) and 2) the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC). Current rehabilitation strategy is clearly based on therapies promoting language performance. However, there is few evidence that rehabilitation strategies based on nonlinguistic aspects of brain function may enhance recovery. Such strategies may benefit from knowledge about the primary -nonlinguistic- function of the BA-MCC network. The aim of LANGUAGE is to identify this primary function. One hypothesis is that, in non-speaking primates, this network is involved in cognitive control of voluntary vocal/orofacial production. Specifically, whereas BA may be responsible for the high-level selection of orofacial and vocal responses during learning, the face motor representation within the MCC may be responsible for performance monitoring, a process inherently required in learning. LANGUAGE aims to test this hypothesis by determining in human the anatomo-functional organization of the BA-MCC network thanks to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Official Title
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Cognitive Control of Language and Frontal Cortex

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Training session
* Other: First fMRI session
* Other: Second fMRI session
* Other: Third session of fMRI


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: being able to provide a written consent form having a social insurance have a normal vision (with or without corrections) Right-handed Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with MRI contraindications (e.g. pacemaker, claustrophobia, metal in the body, etc…). Subjects must be willing to be advise in case of discovery of brain abnormality. History of known neurological or psychiatric illness Pregnant or nursing women Persons under guardianship, curators or any other administrative or judicial measure of deprivation of rights

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Behavioral Tasks<br>Each subject will conduct 4 sessions, i.e. a training session and three fMRI sessions. The first session will consist in training the subject to carry out the different behavioral tasks that he will then have to perform during the sessions of fMRI. | Other: Training session<br>* The subjects will be trained to realize several versions of a learning task of conditional visuo-motor associations.<br>Other: First fMRI session<br>* In this session (involving a condition specific to man and a condition that we are certain to obtain in the monkey), subjects will have to learn by trial and error during successive trials, the conditional associations between three abstract stimuli and three Manual responses (3 MRI-compatible mouse buttons).<br>Other: Second fMRI session<br>* In this session (involving a condition specific to man and a condition that we are almost certain to obtain in monkeys), subjects will have to learn by trial and error during successive trials, the conditional associations between three abstract stimuli and Three orofacial responses (3 movements of the mouth).<br>Other: Third session of fMRI<br>* In this session (involving a human-specific condition and a condition we hope to achieve in the monkey), subjects will have to learn by trial-error in successive trials, conditional associations between three abstract stimuli and three verbal or Vocals.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Behavioral data: performance in the task | Performance in the task will be assessed. If performance in the task is <80%, subjects will be excluded in the final analysis | 3 years | 
| fMRI data | BOLD signal will be analyzed in relation to the events of the task. Images must be not too much distorted to allow data analysis. As such, if a subject moved too much (translation>10mm; rotation>5°) the corresponding data will be excluded from the analysis. | 3 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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fMRI, cingulate cortex, adaptation, frontal cortex