Food Intake in Older Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Unintentional weight loss and undernutrition are well described problems in elderly inpatients, occurring in around 23% to 62% of hospitalised elderly in developed countries. Not only are a large number of elderly patients undernourished at admission but a substantial proportion will lose weight and become malnourished during their hospital stay, putting them at increased risk of morbidity, mortality, poor clinical outcomes and prolonged length of hospital stay. However, as it is frequently impossible to correct undernutrition prior to hospital admission, every effort should be made to prevent weight loss and correct undernutrition during hospitalization. Therefore, screening and identification of predictors of patients at risk of weight loss and undernutrition at admission, and identification of modifiable factors (e.g. eating preferences and poor food hospital intake), where intervention might be helpful, are important aspects in the management of these patients. Before designing a food intervention study, there is a need to, firstly: describe hospital food intake, eating habits and preferences in elderly inpatients during hospitalization describe predictors of hospital food intake in elderly during hospitalisation compare energy and protein intake in elderly inpatients during hospitalisation with the United Kingdom Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) This study is a hospital based observational study. Eligible participants will be 125 patients (aged ≥ 65 years old) admitted to the geriatric wards of 2 hospitals in the West of Scotland. Eligible participants will be seen 96 hours after admission in order to explain the study process and to obtain written consent. The researcher will record basic body size measurements and will ask the patient questions about living conditions, feelings, memory, health, eating habits, opinions about the hospital food service. Nursing staff will be asked about patient's functional activity. The researcher will also take pictures of a subset of patients' main meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) on a single day, prior to and after eating. The researcher will meet each patient three times in total. The first time 4 days after admission; a second time, during the hospital stay and, finally, around the time of discharge to repeat some measurements including weight, BMI, skinfold, mid upper arm circumference, grip strength and calf circumference.

Official Title
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Food Intake and Preferences in Older Patients During Hospitalisation

Conditions
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Nutritional Status in Hospitalised Geriatric Patients

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Screened for study participation within 96 hours after admission Duration of hospital admission expected to be more than 3 days Able to provide consent or consent obtainable from their legal representative Exclusion Criteria: - Receiving palliative care

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Study cohort<br>Patients aged 65 years or over admitted to a geriatric ward in 2 hospitals for more than 3 days | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hospital food intake | Percentage of served hospital food portion consumed | Hospital admission to discharge - median 15-20 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Predictor of hospital food intake in elderly patients | Risk of malnutrition as measured by Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNASF) | Hospital admission to discharge - median 15-20 days | 
| Predictor of hospital food intake in elderly patients | Functionality as measured by Barthel index of activities of daily living questionnaire | Hospital admission to discharge - median 15-20 days | 
| Predictor of hospital food intake in elderly patients | Mental status as measured by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) | Hospital admission to discharge - median 15-20 days | 
| Predictor of hospital food intake in elderly patients | Quality of Life as measured by EQ-5D questionnaire | Hospital admission to discharge - median 15-20 days | 
| Eating habits | As measured by Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) | Hospital admission to discharge - median 15-20 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Geriatrics, Nutritional Status, Hospitalisation