Determining the Effect of Breathing Exercise Applied to Children Aged 6-12 Before Enema on Anxiety, Fear and Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of breathing exercise applied before the enema procedure, which causes fear, pain and anxiety in children aged 6-12 years who applied to the pediatric emergency service, on fear, pain and anxiety in children. This research is in pretest-posttest, parallel group, randomized controlled experimental design. The universe of the research consists of children aged 6-12 years who applied to the pediatric emergency department of Iğdır State Hospital (Turkey) between May 2022 and June 2022.

Detailed Description
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In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of breathing exercise applied before the enema procedure, which causes fear, pain and anxiety in children aged 6-12 years who applied to the pediatric emergency service, on fear, pain and anxiety in children. This research is in pretest-posttest, parallel group, randomized controlled experimental design. The universe of the research consists of children aged 6-12 years who applied to the pediatric emergency department of Iğdır State Hospital (Turkey) between May 2022 and June 2022. In the study, the pre-test scores of the pain, fear and anxiety levels of the children were compared and it was found that the pain, fear and anxiety levels of the intervention and control groups were moderate, and there was no difference between the groups. This result is important in terms of evaluating the effectiveness of the initiative. In the study, a significant difference was found between the pain, fear and anxiety levels of the intervention and control groups after breathing exercise. Accordingly, the pain, fear and anxiety levels of the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group.

Official Title
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Determination of the Effect of Breathing Exercise Technique Applied to Children Aged 6-12 Before Enema on Anxiety, Fear and Pain

Conditions
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Constipation, Distention, Child, Only

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Breathing exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being between 6-12 years of age Administering an enema because of constipation or distension There should be no obstacle to the enema procedure Child and parent agree to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: Having a mental disability Having any problems with hearing, vision, hearing Taking analgesics within the last 6 hours Having an additional illness that may cause pain Removal criteria were as follows: Developing complications during the enema procedure (intestinal perforation, bleeding, etc.)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The research groups consisted of 106 (per group: 53) children who met the sample selection criteria. Children were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Assignment of children to groups was done by an independent statistician to ensure confidentiality and avoid bias. In this study, stratified randomization method was used to assign children to groups. In randomized controlled experimental studies, the number of cases in each group is required to be balanced and similar in terms of prognostic factors (such as age and gender). With the stratified randomization method, differences and undesirable situations between study groups are tried to be minimized. The permutation method is used to achieve this balance (Kahan ve ark., 2015). In this study, children were stratified according to age (6-9 and 10-12) and gender (female, male) variables.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Breathing Exercise<br>Breathing exercises will be applied to the participants in the experimental group. | Behavioral: Breathing exercise<br>* Before the enema is applied, breathing exercises will be applied to the participants in the intervention group.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Comparison of the anxiety level of the experimental group in which breathing exercise was applied | Before the enema application, the participants in the experimental group will be given breathing exercises. Thus, it is aimed to prevent the child from experiencing anxiety that may result from enema application. With this application, the effect of breathing exercise on anxiety will be monitored. | 20 minutes | 
| Comparison of the fear level of the experimental group in which breathing exercise was applied. | Before the enema application, the participants in the experimental group will be given breathing exercises. Thus, it is aimed to prevent the child from experiencing fear that may arise from enema application. With this application, the effect of breathing exercise on fear will be monitored. | 20 minutes | 
| Comparison of the pain level of the experimental group in which breathing exercise was applied | Before the enema application, the participants in the experimental group will be given breathing exercises. Thus, it is aimed to prevent the child from experiencing pain that may result from enema application. With this application, the effect of breathing exercise on pain will be monitored. | 20 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Children, Enema, Anxiety, Fear, Pain, Breathing exercise