Motivational Interviewing to Increase Parent Engagement in Preventive Parenting Programming

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Evidence-based programs aimed at enhancing parenting skills are effective, and pediatricians identify many parents who could benefit from such programs. Low-income children have high rates of behavior problems and their family system and environmental exposures often lead to cumulative and daunting levels of risk for poor functional outcomes; their parents are highly likely to benefit from parenting supports. However, low-income families are the most likely to drop out of parenting interventions, meaning the families and children with the greatest need receive the least support. Fewer than 25% of low-income families recruited to parenting programs will participate in even one session, and only about half of these parents will participate in more than half of the sessions offered. The aims of this trial are: Aim 1: To test the hypothesis that the provision of motivational interviewing (MI), as compared to an attention control (AC) condition, will increase the engagement of low-income parents of preschoolers in an evidence-based parenting skills group (the Incredible Years Series (IYS)). For this study, the outcome of engagement is operationally defined as intention to attend IYS sessions, attendance, and satisfaction with the IYS program. Aim 2: To test the hypothesis that the effect of MI on engagement in IYS will be impacted by the following moderators: parenting self-efficacy, child behavior problems, and maternal depression. The investigators hypothesize that the effect of MI on engagement will be greater among parents with lower parenting self-efficacy and parents of children with more behavior problems, but less among parents with more maternal depressive symptoms. The investigators will use a stratified, randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to evaluate the impact of MI on parent engagement in a well-validated preventive parenting skills intervention, the Incredible Years Series (IYS).

Official Title
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Use of Motivational Interviewing to Increase Engagement by Low-income Parents in Preventive Parenting-skills Programming

Conditions
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Behavior Problems, Parent-Child Relations

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing
* Behavioral: Anticipatory Guidance on Child Development


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: all children enrolled in the Head Start agencies involved in this study, who were randomized to the study arm involving the Incredible Years Series Exclusion Criteria: child is a foster child parent or child cannot communicate in English

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Motiv. Interviewing<br>In the MI (motivational interviewing) study arm, participants will receive MI phone calls designed to evoke change talk and to prompt the participant to identify goals in regards to child behavior or parenting. The caller will engage in problem solving with the participants. | Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing<br>* In the Motivational Interviewing study arm, participants will receive MI phone calls designed to evoke change talk and to prompt the participant to identify goals in regards to child behavior or parenting. The caller will engage in problem solving with the participants.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Anticipatory Guidance<br>In the Anticipatory Guidance on Child Development study arm, the participants will receive two phone calls with no MI content. The content of these phone calls is derived from an alignment of the Teaching Strategies GOLD® standards with the Head Start Development and Early Learning Framework. , This content is entirely scripted and pre-specified. | Behavioral: Anticipatory Guidance on Child Development<br>* In the Anticipatory Guidance on Child Development study arm, the participants will receive two phone calls with no MI content. The content of these phone calls is derived from an alignment of the Teaching Strategies GOLD® standards with the Head Start Development and Early Learning Framework. , This content is entirely scripted and pre-specified.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Participant intention to attend IYS sessions |  | 1 week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Attendance at initial IYS session |  | 1 month | 
| Number of IYS sessions attended |  | 9 months | 
| Satisfaction with the IYS program, as measured by a 46-item IYS questionnaire |  | 9 months |