Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Ankle Joint Taping and Bandaging on Balance, Proprioception and Vertical Jump Among Volleyball Players With Chronic Ankle Instability

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Objective: This study aimed to 1) investigate the long-term effect of taping and bandaging on proprioception, balance, and vertical jump among volleyball players with ankle instability, 2) Compare the short-term effects of taping and bandaging on these outcome measures, 3) Compare the long-term effects of taping and bandaging on these outcome measures. Design: A single-blinded randomized controlled study Setting: Rehabilitation Laboratory at Istanbul Gelisim University, Turkey Subjects: One-hundred participants with a chronic ankle sprain (CAI) Primary outcome measures: Proprioception (ankle range of motion absolute error), balance(Y-balance test), and vertical jump (vertical jump tester) Interventions: Participants were distributed into three groups: taping group (n=33) received ankle rigid taping, bandaging group (n=33) received ankle bandaging, and control group (n=34) received placebo taping. All three previous external supports were applied for 8 weeks. The measurements were performed at baseline, immediately after applying for support, two weeks after support and eight months after support.

Official Title
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Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Ankle Joint Taping and Bandaging on Balance, Proprioception and Vertical Jump Among Volleyball Players With Chronic Ankle Instability

Conditions
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Chronic Ankle Instability

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Taping and Bandaging


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Volleyball Player 18-30 years old Athletes with chronic ankle instability Exclusion Criteria: Previous hip/pelvis knee, or foot surgery within the past year Leg length discrepancies Known balance impairment due to neurological disorder Vestibular disorder Pregnancy Brain concussion within the previous three months Taking any medication that may affect alertness or balance

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Taping Group<br>33 participants, received ankle taping | Other: Taping and Bandaging<br>* Ankle taping: a hard preventive Zinc oxide tape was used. The taping procedures consisted of three separate steps. 1) included the application of the anchor tape. 2) application of the stirrup tape. The stirrup tape was performed two times by holding the foot in a neutral position and the tape is placed as it passed through the medial side of the ankle (under the foot), just over the heel area (posterior one-third of the foot) and up along the lateral side of the ankle. Bandaging: standard 10cm width elastic bandage used. The bandage wrapped around the ankle joint in the form of an 8-figure. Bandage started from the forefoot, moving diagonally upwards and steeply enough to go well above the heel to end around the lower calf area to form an anchor. Then, it moved diagonally down across the mid-foot. Placebo: 10cm long tape was applied on the lateral side of the leg, just above the lateral malleolus and aligned with peroneus longus tendon<br>|
| Experimental: Bandaging<br>33 participants, received ankle bandaging | Other: Taping and Bandaging<br>* Ankle taping: a hard preventive Zinc oxide tape was used. The taping procedures consisted of three separate steps. 1) included the application of the anchor tape. 2) application of the stirrup tape. The stirrup tape was performed two times by holding the foot in a neutral position and the tape is placed as it passed through the medial side of the ankle (under the foot), just over the heel area (posterior one-third of the foot) and up along the lateral side of the ankle. Bandaging: standard 10cm width elastic bandage used. The bandage wrapped around the ankle joint in the form of an 8-figure. Bandage started from the forefoot, moving diagonally upwards and steeply enough to go well above the heel to end around the lower calf area to form an anchor. Then, it moved diagonally down across the mid-foot. Placebo: 10cm long tape was applied on the lateral side of the leg, just above the lateral malleolus and aligned with peroneus longus tendon<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo Taping (Control) Group<br>34 participants, received ankle placebo taping | Other: Taping and Bandaging<br>* Ankle taping: a hard preventive Zinc oxide tape was used. The taping procedures consisted of three separate steps. 1) included the application of the anchor tape. 2) application of the stirrup tape. The stirrup tape was performed two times by holding the foot in a neutral position and the tape is placed as it passed through the medial side of the ankle (under the foot), just over the heel area (posterior one-third of the foot) and up along the lateral side of the ankle. Bandaging: standard 10cm width elastic bandage used. The bandage wrapped around the ankle joint in the form of an 8-figure. Bandage started from the forefoot, moving diagonally upwards and steeply enough to go well above the heel to end around the lower calf area to form an anchor. Then, it moved diagonally down across the mid-foot. Placebo: 10cm long tape was applied on the lateral side of the leg, just above the lateral malleolus and aligned with peroneus longus tendon<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Proprioception | Measure the Range of motion Standard error at three different range of motion angles (10° dorsiflexion, neutral position, 10° plantarflexion, and 20° plantarflexion). | 2 Months | 
| Balance | The Y-Balance test was used to evaluate balance. | 2 Months | 
| Vertical Jump Distance | The vertical jump tester (Sports Imports, Columbus, OH) | 2 Months |