Perception in Parkinson's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators plan to examine the relation of perceptual variables-basic vision, unusual perceptual experiences(including but not limited to visual hallucinations)-to relevant functional variables such as cognition, mood, and alertness/sleepiness in an online sample of persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). It is hypothesized that unusual perceptual experiences will relate significantly to the selected variables. Participants do not need to experience visual hallucinations to be able to participate in this study. This is an observational study only, and not an interventional study.

Detailed Description
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For this study, the investigators propose to conduct an online study of PwPD (proposing a total of 60 participants) to examine the relations among variables that may relate to perception in PD. Those PwPD who express interest will be sent a link to an online survey (Qualtrics). The investigators will collect demographic and health information, followed by questionnaires assessing unusual perceptual experiences, mood, motivation, sleep, fatigue and quality of life. The survey should take roughly 45 minutes to an hour to complete. Compensation: A $20 Amazon gift card will be offered to those who complete the survey all the way through with good effort.

Official Title
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Perception in Parkinson's Disease

Conditions
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Parkinson's Disease, Perception, Visual Hallucination

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants must be at least 40 years old Have a self-reported diagnosis of idiopathic PD Be proficient English speakers Have functional vision Have internet access, and access to a desktop computer or laptop Exclusion Criteria: Self-reported poor vision (non-functional range) Lack of access to internet and either a desktop computer or laptop

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 110 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD)<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Noise Pareidolia Test | Assesses tendency to see meaningful objects such as faces, animals, and objects in ambiguous patterns. Higher scores (on items with no face) indicate a higher number of pareidolic responses. | Baseline | 
| Mooney Faces | Assesses the ability to see an upright, inverted, or scrambled face in a black and white pattern. Higher scores (on items with no face) indicate a higher number of pareidolic responses. | Baseline | 
| BU Hallucinations and Unusual Perceptual Experiences questionnaire (BU-HUPE) | Assesses different types of visual hallucinations - simple VH; illusions; minor hallucinations: vivid sense of presence or movement in periphery (passage); and complex VH (e.g., people, animals, objects), as well as temporal and descriptive characteristics of the hallucinations. Higher scores indicate more unusual perceptual experiences. | Baseline | 
| Prodromal Questionnaire, Brief Version (PQ-B) | Assesses risk for psychosis by asking about positive symptoms and related distress/impairment. Higher scores indicate higher risk for psychosis and higher related distress. | Baseline | 
| Parkinson's Disease - Psychotic Symptoms Scale (PD-PSS) | Assesses the frequency and severity of minor hallucinations (passage hallucinations, presence hallucinations, visual illusions), and structured hallucinations in PD. Higher scores indicate higher frequency of psychotic symptoms. | Baseline | 
| Penn Online Evaluation of Migraine (POEM) | Assesses headaches and migraine-related history. | Baseline | 
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) | Assesses a person's general level of daytime sleepiness. Maximum Score: 24. Higher scores indicate a higher chance of dozing. | Baseline | 
| Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale-2 | Assesses sleep and nocturnal disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Maximum score: 60. Higher scores indicate more frequent sleep disturbances. | Baseline | 
| Parkinson's Anxiety Scale (PAS) | Assesses the severity of anxiety symptoms in persons with Parkinson's disease. Maximum score:48. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety. | Baseline | 
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Assesses depressive symptoms in the general population. Maximum score:60. Higher scores indicate more severe depression. | Baseline | 
| Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - 39 (PDQ-39) | Assesses Parkinson's disease-specific health-related quality of life. Higher scores indicate worse quality of life. | Baseline | 
| NIH NeuroQoL measures | Assesses health-related quality of life in adults with neurological disorders. Higher scores on the sub-scales indicate worse outcomes. | Baseline | 
| The Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) | Assesses motor and non-motor experiences of daily living in Parkinson's disease. Higher scores indicate increased severity of motor and non-motor symptoms. | Baseline | 
| Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ) | Assesses a range of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Higher scores indicate the presence of more non-motor symptoms. | Baseline |