Energy Value of Lentils and Chickpeas

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is being conducted to determine the digestibility of and available energy from pulses.

Detailed Description
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Previous studies have demonstrated that the metabolizable energy (energy available to the body) from tree nuts is less than predicted by the Atwater factors (the standard approach to determining calorie value of a food). The Atwater approach is over 100 years old and is inaccurate for some foods. This study will be conducted to determine the metabolizable energy from two pulses, lentils and chickpeas. The study will be a human nutrition intervention involving consumption of a controlled diet followed by collection of urine and feces.

Official Title
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Energy Value of Lentils and Chickpeas

Conditions
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Healthy Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Control Diet
* Other: Lentil Containing Diet
* Other: Chickpea Containing Diet


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: BMI between 19 and 38 kg/m2 Age 25 to 75 years during intervention Exclusion Criteria: Known (self-reported) allergy or adverse reaction to study foods Women who have given birth during the previous 12 months or who are pregnant/lactating or who plan to become pregnant during the study History of bariatric surgery or nutrient malabsorption disease (such as celiac disease), Crohn's disease, diabetes, or metabolic disorders that may interfere with the study History of certain cancer diagnosis or treatment in the last 3 years Smoking or use of tobacco products in the past 6 months Suspected or known strictures, fistulas or physiological/mechanical GI obstruction Use of certain medications or supplements (prescription or over-the-counter) that may interfere with the study objectives, including blood thinning medications Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with study staff Self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past 12 months and/or current treatment for these problems (long-term participation in Alcoholics Anonymous is not an exclusion) Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: Control<br>The placebo comparator will be a fully controlled diet made from typical American foods and containing no beans or pulses. | Other: Control Diet<br>* Participants will consume a diet prepared and provided by the USDA Nutrition Center. The diet will contain no pulses, legumes, or beans.<br>|
| Experimental: Lentil<br>The lentil arm will consist of a fully controlled diet made from the same foods as the placebo arm and will also contain lentils. | Other: Lentil Containing Diet<br>* Participants will consume a diet prepared and provided by the USDA Nutrition Center. The diet will contain lentils.<br>|
| Experimental: Chickpeas<br>The chickpea arm will consist of a fully controlled diet made from the same foods as the placebo arm and will also contain chickpeas. | Other: Chickpea Containing Diet<br>* Participants will consume a diet prepared and provided by the USDA Nutrition Center. The diet will contain chickpeas.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy excreted in feces and urine | Energy (units of calories) excreted in feces and urine will be determined by bomb calorimetry. | Cumulative from day 10-17 | 
| Energy excreted in feces and urine | Energy (units of calories) excreted in feces and urine will be determined by bomb calorimetry. | Cumulative from day 39-46 | 
| Energy excreted in feces and urine | Energy (units of calories) excreted in feces and urine will be determined by bomb calorimetry. | Cumulative from day 57-64 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nitrogen excreted in feces and urine | Nitrogen (g) excreted in feces and urine will be measured. | Cumulative from day 10-17, day 39-46, day 57-64 | 
| Fat excreted in feces | Fat (g) excreted in feces will be measured. | Cumulative from day 10-17, day 39-46, day 57-64 |