Investigation of the Effects of Sedentary Behaviour and Moderate Exercise on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Individuals with pre-diabetes or diabetes would benefit from low impact methods that would improve their insulin sensitivity and aid in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Physical activity helps the body decrease its insulin resistance and burn excess sugar. Many diabetics also suffer from obesity and specific forms or durations of physical exercise may not be viable options for these individuals. Determining whether short bursts of moderate exercise improve blood glucose levels in healthy humans may identify a further method for diabetics to improve their glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective moderate exercise that can be completed in 3 minutes and its effectiveness on improving glucose handling, in response to a single day of standardized high-fat and high-carbohydrate feeding in comparison to periods of prolonged sitting.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Effects of Sedentary Behaviour and Moderate Exercise on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity

Conditions
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Sedentary Lifestyle, Insulin Sensitivity, Glucose Metabolism

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Activity/Moderate Exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy BMI between 18-30 kg/m² non-smoker Exclusion Criteria: pregnant diabetes kidney disease liver disease cardiovascular disease cancer

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control<br>No intervention. Study participants will be seated during the entire sedentary 3-hour time period and wheeled to phlebotomy (and exercise) stations when required. During the sedentary period, participants will eat the food according to the study protocol and be seated at desks and allowed to read and use computers. | |
| Experimental: Intervention<br>Will disrupt their sedentary time with 3 minute exercise sessions every 30 minutes | Other: Activity/Moderate Exercise<br>* 3-hour sedentary period with 3 minute activity breaks of moderate exercise every 30 minutes<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Insulin levels | The change in blood insulin levels from baseline (12 hours fasted) to 3-hours post-prandial will be determined from blood serum using a human metabolic hormone multiplex panel (Luminex xMAP technology). | Pre-prandial baseline (12 hours fasted) and 3 hours post-prandial on each of two testing days | 
| Change in concentration of C-peptide | The change in blood C-peptide levels from baseline (12 hours fasted) to 3-hours post-prandial will be determined from blood serum using a human metabolic hormone multiplex panel (Luminex xMAP technology). | Pre-prandial baseline (12 hours fasted) and 3 hours post-prandial on each of two testing days | 
| Changes in blood glucose levels | Blood glucose levels will be determined at pre-prandial baseline and over the following 3-hour testing period using hand-held blood glucose meters. | Baseline and every 30-60 minutes over 3 hours (6 timepoints per test day) | 
| Change in metabolomic response to a test meal | Targeted metabolomics analysis of approximately 139 metabolites in blood serum by LC-MS/MS to generate a metabolomic profile in response to a high-fat and high-carbohydrate test meal. Metabolites to be determined are categorized as biogenic amines, amino acids, histidines, carboxylic acids, acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids and organic acids. | Pre-prandial and 3-hours post test meal through study completion | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Immediate effects of short-term sedentary behaviour on cognitive function | Assessing cognitive abilities using the Stroop Test. | 3 hours post-activity (sedentary behaviour or exercise) on test days through study completion | 
| Immediate effects of short-term sedentary behaviour on cognitive function | Assessing cognitive abilities using the Iowa Trail Making Test. | 3 hours post-activity (sedentary behaviour or exercise) on test days through study completion | 
| Immediate effects of short-term sedentary behaviour on cognitive function | Assessing cognitive abilities using the Digit-Span test. | 3 hours post-activity (sedentary behaviour or exercise) on test days through study completion | 
| Immediate effects of short-term sedentary behaviour on cognitive function | Assessing cognitive abilities using the N-back test. | 3 hours post-activity (sedentary behaviour or exercise) on test days through study completion | 
| Immediate effects of short-term sedentary behaviour on cognitive function | Assessing cognitive abilities using the Flankers test. | 3 hours post-activity (sedentary behaviour or exercise) on test days through study completion | 
| Gene expression levels in isolated PBMC populations | Determining changes in gene expression in pathways associated with RAGE signalling. | Pre-prandial and 3 hours post-prandial on on test days through study completion |