Perceptions of Passive Heating in Individuals With T2DM

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Current treatments for type 2 diabetes (e.g., lifestyle changes and clinical interventions such as medication), have been shown to be unsustainable due to low levels of physical activity and increasing clinical costs. Therefore, scientists have been looking for new treatments to address this issue. One such treatment that is being investigated is passive heating (e.g., hot baths, saunas, etc.). In this study the investigators want to ascertain what passive heating, if any, individuals with T2DM currently do, what their perceptions of passive heating would be if it were to become a treatment, what may make it easier or more difficult for them to engage in passive heating, and how this might impact other areas of their life such as physical activity.

Detailed Description
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This study employs an interpretivist approach through semi-structured interviews to highlight participants' perceptions of and experiences with passive heating. To date, this topic has not been explored in-depth - this approach should bring nuance and context to light, aiding in future advocacy work which explores the potential of passive heating as a viable treatment for adults with T2DM. Semi-structured interviews will be facilitated by an interview guide consisting of four main topic areas aiming to explore an individual's perception of and experience with passive heating as a treatment for T2DM and to ascertain whether engaging in this behaviour may affect physical activity. As no two conversations are ever the same, the approach to the interviews is one of flexibility through the use of open-ended questions and potential probes as the situation dictates - remaining open to following particular lines of participant thought. Interviews will all be conducted by the Principal investigator, Mr Thomas James, a doctoral researcher who has been trained in the required skills. He has also undertaken necessary training in Good Clinical Practice and Valid Informed Consent. Interviews will be conducted virtually, by telephone or in person and will take place either at home or in a laboratory setting, dependent upon the individual's wishes. The interviews will be audio recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim by a member of the research team. Transcriptions will be analysed via thematic analysis to determine the main themes expressed by participants. All data analysis will be conducted by a trained member of the research team.

Official Title
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An Exploration of People's Perceptions of Undertaking Passive Heating as a Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Conditions
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Type 2 Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Interview


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Aged 18 years or older Willing and able to undertake the interview process Able to give informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Age < 18 years Does not provide written informed consent Any neurological/psychiatric diagnoses Lack of fluency in English

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| T2DM<br>Individuals with T2DM. | Other: Interview<br>* Interview with individuals with T2DM<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Explore bathing and spa behaviour by applying the social-ecological model to interpretivist thematic analysis. | To explore the current bathing and spa behaviours among individuals living with T2DM and their perceptions regarding passive heating as a treatment. |  1 hour interview | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Explore perceived facilitators and barriers to passive heating by applying the social-ecological model to interpretivist thematic analysis. | To explore how participants perceive as the facilitators and barriers to engaging in passive heating within and outside the home. |  1 hour interview | 
| Explore how passive heating might impact physical activity by applying the social-ecological model to interpretivist thematic analysis. | To explore how engaging in passive heating might impact the physical activity of individuals with T2DM. |  1 hour interview | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Passive heating