Effects of Dairy- and Berry-based Snacks on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Older People

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Malnutrition or its risk is common among older people. To maintain adequate nutrition, increased meal frequency is important. In addition to main meals, regular consumption of nutrient- and energy-dense snacks is recommended. The study examines the post-meal responses to dairy- and berry-based snacks tailored for older people. The plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and free fatty acids are measured during three hours after snack consumption. In addition, subjective satiety responses and heart rate variability are recorded.

Official Title
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Tailored Food Solutions for Improving Nutrition and Well-being in Older People: Effects on Postprandial Responses

Conditions
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Postprandial Hyperglycemia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Dairy snack
* Dietary Supplement: Berry snack


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Home-dwelling Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes treated with oral medications or insulin Cognitive impairment Antibiotic medication within the past 3 months Blood donation within the past month

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Dairy snack<br>Drink high in milk protein, 250 ml | Dietary Supplement: Dairy snack<br>* The effects of dairy snack are compared with orange juice.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Orange juice<br>Regular orange juice, 250 ml | Dietary Supplement: Dairy snack<br>* The effects of dairy snack are compared with orange juice.<br>|
| Experimental: Berry snack 1<br>Bilberry-blackcurrant purée, 139 g | Dietary Supplement: Berry snack<br>* The effects of two berry snacks are compared with berry soup.<br>|
| Experimental: Berry snack 2<br>Lingonberry purée, 122 g | Dietary Supplement: Berry snack<br>* The effects of two berry snacks are compared with berry soup.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Berry soup<br>Bilberry soup, 250 ml | Dietary Supplement: Berry snack<br>* The effects of two berry snacks are compared with berry soup.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in postprandial glucose | Changes in plasma glucose concentration within 3 hrs after meal | 3 hrs | 
| Change in postprandial insulin | Changes in plasma insulin concentration within 3 hrs after meal | 3 hrs | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in postprandial free fatty acids | Changes in plasma free fatty acid concentration within 3 hrs after meal | 3 hrs | 
| Change in postprandial satiety scores assessed by using visual analogy scales | Visual analogue scales (VAS) are used to assess satiety and other related subjective sensations (fullness, hunger, desire to eat, alertness) within 3 hrs after meal. Each VAS consists of a 100-mm horizontal line anchored with verbal descriptions at each end expressing the weakest (0 mm) or strongest (100 mm) statement of sensation. Results are scores between 0 and 100. | 3 hrs | 
| Heart rate variability | Electrocardiography monitoring for assessment of several variables of heart rate variability | 3 hrs | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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older people, nutrition, dairy, berries, postprandial, glucose, insulin