Neodymiun:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in Caries Prevention of Primary Teeth: One-year Follow-up

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this controlled clinical study was to evaluate the Nd:YAG laser, with or without fluoride, in prevention of occlusal caries in the primary dentition.

Detailed Description
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The aim of this controlled clinical study was to evaluate the Neodymiun:yttrium aluminum garnet laser, with or without fluoride, in prevention of occlusal caries in the primary dentition. High caries risk children (7.6±1.4 years) were selected for this study and received the following treatments: G1-1st molar was negative control, and the 2nd molar received a resin sealant; G2-1st molar was negative control, and the 2nd molar received laser irradiation (100 milliJoule, 5 Hertz - 0.5 Watts); G3-1st molar received only fluoride gel and the 2nd molar received fluoride gel + laser irradiation; G4-1st molar received only fluoride varnish and the 2nd molar received fluoride varnish + laser irradiation. Patients were followed up to 12 months to evaluate the formation of white-spot lesions and/or caries cavities by three calibrated observers.

Official Title
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Clinical Effect of Neodymiun:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser in Occlusal Caries Prevention of Primary Teeth: One Year Follow up.

Conditions
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Caries in Occlusal Surface of Primary and Permanent Detition

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Laser in caries prevention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: subject age of 7 to 8 years, high caries risk (evaluated by oral hygiene, dietary habits and fluoride exposure, according to Kidd 2011), with the first permanent molars without caries cavities, restorations, enamel defects, morphological anomalies and/or signals of fluorosis. Subjects had to be willing to comply with all study procedures and protocols. They had to be residents of Ribeirão Preto or other nearby local communities with the same water fluoridation pattern (to eliminate water fluoridation as a potential con- founding variable). Subjects had to be healthy and the parents or the child legal guardian need to be willing to sign the Authorization and informed consent for research form. There were no gender restrictions. Exclusion Criteria: suffering from systemic diseases, had a significant past or medical history with conditions that may affect oral health (i.e., diabetes, HIV, heart conditions that require antibiotic prophylaxis), were taking medications that may affect the oral flora or salivary flow (e.g., antibiotic use in the past three months, drugs associated with dry mouth / xerostomia), had in-office fluoride treatment within the last three months prior to being enrolled in the study, or were not willing to stop the use of any mouth rinse during the duration of the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 7 Years
Maximum Age: 8 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Laser<br> | Other: Laser in caries prevention<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical evaluation of the presence of dental caries on tooth occlusal surface | The clinical evaluation of the volunteers was performed 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment application by three different calibrated appraisers who were blind to the performed treatment. The clinical and radiographic assessments of the caries lesions were recorded using the clinical criteria described by Chu et al.,(2009), which was adapted from Ekstrand's visual scoring system, and the sealant evaluation was adapted from Beiruti et al.,(2006) The units of measure are: The scores obtained were considered as the following: V0, V1 and/or R0 represented sound teeth(with no need for restorative treatment), which were assigned a score of 0; V3, V4 and R1 to R3 represented decayed teeth(with a need for restorative treatment), which were assigned a score of 1. Considering the sealant scores, if the tooth evaluated presented with a caries lesion, it was considered to be a decayed tooth(with a need for treatment), regardless the sealant retention status. | up to 1 year |