A Study of Cardiac Arrhythmia and ECG Changes in Children With Convulsions at Sohag University Hospital

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Convulsion is a common pediatric disorder and there is strong relation between convulsion and cardiovascular system which revealed by ECG monitoring and there are many ECG abnormalities attributed to different causes of convulsions, A 12-lead ECG is a low-cost test and can detect clinically significant abnormalities such as long QTc interval or heart block. Doing an ECG in all patients presenting with seizures clinic, inevitably, pick up non-specific abnormalities which require further investigation. Moreover, a normal 12-lead ECG does not exclude a cardiovascular cause for collapse and for those in whom a cardiac cause is still suspected despite a normal ECG, referral to a cardiologist is advisable

Official Title
-----------------
A Study of Cardiac Arrhythmia and ECG Changes in Children With Convulsions at Sohag University Hospital

Conditions
-----------------
Convulsions

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: ECG


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: All children aged from 1month to 18 years presenting to the Pediatric Emergency with convulsions will be included. Exclusion Criteria: Children not filling the criteria of convulsions (like conditions mimic epilepsy) Children with known cardiac disease or cardiac arrhythmia and patients who will not give consent will be excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 1 Month
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| children with epilepsy<br>epilepsy diagnosed clinically EEG | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with febrile convulsions<br>the child has high grade fever from 6 month to 6 years not recurrent duration less than 15 minute or atypical febrile convulsions | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with cns infection<br>the child has fever, neck, rigidity DCL +or- CSF analysis | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia<br>abnormal values of electrolyte hypoglycemia | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with poisoning<br>history of ingestion or inhalation of toxic substance | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with encephalopathy<br>the child complains of brain disease or mal function with altered mental status as a complication of primary illness as kidney failure ,cirrhosis, etc. | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with trauma<br>history of trauma imaging study done | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| children with genetic cause<br>the child has congenital anomaly as chromosomal abnormality, metabolic disease, mitochondrial disease | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|
| others<br>children not fulfilling the previous groups | Device: ECG<br>* ii. 12 leads ECG: 12 leads ECG will be done to all infants & children using (FUKUDA DENSHI, CARDIMAX, model FCP 7101). The electrocardiograms will be reviewed through the creation of descriptive reports and determination of the following variables: heart rate, QRS duration, The QT interval was measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave, defined by the return of the terminal T wave to the isoelectric T-P baseline. When U waves were present, the end of the T wave will be taken as the nadir between the T and U waves. Then QT interval will be corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula Interpretation of every ECG paper<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| heart rate | normal values according to age and sex. | one year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| PR interval | normal values according to age and sex. | one year |