Self-monitoring Activity: a Randomized Trial of Game-oriented Applications

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to compare an enhanced intervention that includes narrative and game components to a standard intervention that only targets self-monitoring. These approaches will be tested among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors who are sedentary and overweight.

Detailed Description
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Habitual physical activity decreases risk of multiple negative health outcomes, including breast cancer recurrence and mortality. It is also associated with better quality of life and reducing negative effects of cancer and cancer treatment. However, most breast cancer survivors do not engage in sufficient physical activity. Behavior change interventions produce short-term increases in activity but have difficulty motivating sustained active lifestyles over longer periods and are not equally effective in women of different races/ethnicities. The purpose of this study is to test a novel intervention that uses video games and storytelling to increase motivation. Video game mechanics increase enjoyment and feelings of autonomy (control), competence, and relatedness to others. All of these feelings are associated with motivation for activity and, in turn, sustained activity over time. Additionally, narrative storytelling is an effective method of persuading individuals to change their behavior. We propose that play of active video games that include compelling storylines will increase physical activity among a diverse sample of postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. To test this hypothesis, we will conduct a clinical trial that compares the enhanced intervention (story-based video games) to a standard intervention in 90 sedentary, overweight postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Participants in the enhanced group will receive a mobile device and accessories with two story-based video game applications installed. The games incorporate behavior change strategies such as self-monitoring and feedback while also using game mechanics and a lengthy storyline to motivate physical activity. Participants in the standard group will receive the same mobile device with an electronic activity monitor and its companion feedback application. Both groups will receive brief weekly telephone counseling. By comparing two groups that both receive typical behavior change intervention components (counseling) and a novel electronic intervention, we will be able to investigate the specific effects of game mechanics and storytelling on motivation and physical activity. We will measure changes in physical activity, fitness, function, and quality of life from the beginning of the study to 6 months. We will also investigate further changes during an additional 6 month follow-up period in which participants keep their intervention tools but do not receive any counseling, to measure maintenance of activity. This project will develop and test a promising, innovative intervention that has the potential to be used on a widespread basis in clinical and community settings.

Official Title
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Self-monitoring Activity: a Randomized Trial of Game-oriented Applications (SMARTGOAL)

Conditions
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Breast Cancer, Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Game intervention
* Behavioral: Standard intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age between 45 and 75 years old Report a breast cancer diagnosis no more than 10 years prior to enrollment Cessation of menses for 12 months or more Able to read and understand English Able to read words in standard applications on a mobile device 3-4 large Able to walk for exercise Able to find transportation to the study location Willing to use a mobile device provided by the study to participate (or to use one of their own) Willing to be randomized to either group Exclusion Criteria: Currently pregnant or nursing Surgery in the past six months Chemotherapy or radiation treatment in the past six months Evidence of disease recurrence Participant is active (90 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity activity per week or more) BMI is under 25 kg/m2 or over 35 kg/m2 Report a heart condition, chest pain during periods of activity or rest, loss of consciousness, etc. on the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q), unless cleared by their physician Participant reports hospitalization within the past year due to psychiatric problem(s) Report current symptoms of alcohol or substance dependence Plans to move away from the Galveston-Houston area or to be out of town for more than 1 week during the study period Stroke, hip fracture, hip or knee replacement, or spinal surgery in the past 6 months Report a history of severe orthopedic complications that would prevent optimal participation in the physical activities prescribed (e.g., severe arthritis, leg amputations, etc.) Clinical judgment concerning safety Lost more than 5% body weight in the previous 6 months Currently participating in a physical activity or weight loss program Current smoker Participant already uses an electronic activity monitor (we will ask them to stop) Another member of the household is a participant or staff member on this trial

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Game intervention<br>Participants will receive narrative-based games on a mobile device and telephone counseling (weekly for the first 12 weeks, then once per month until 6 months) | Behavioral: Game intervention<br>* The game will target motivation via narrative and game mechanics. It will also encourage self-regulation by providing monitoring and feedback of activity. Counseling will be adapted to specifically reference concepts related to narrative and games.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Standard intervention<br>Participants will receive an electronic activity monitor with a mobile device and telephone counseling (weekly for the first 12 weeks, then once per month until 6 months) | Behavioral: Standard intervention<br>* The electronic activity monitor will monitor steps, and the mobile device will provide basic feedback on progress toward goals. Counseling will be standard and concentrate on self-regulatory skill-building.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in physical activity from baseline to 6 month | Minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity over a 7 day period | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in physical fitness from baseline to 6 months, as measured by 6 minute walk test | We will use a 6 minute walk test to measure fitness | 6 months | 
| Change in physical function from baseline to 6 months as measured by the Senior Fitness Test | We will use the Senior Fitness Test to measure physical function | 6 months | 
| Change in weight from baseline to 6 months | We will measure weight using a calibrated scale | 6 months | 
| Change in quality of life from baseline to 6 months as measured by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast measure | We will use the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast measure | 6 months | 
| Change in depression from baseline to 6 months, measured by a computerized PROMIS measure specific to cancer patients/survivors | We will use a computerized PROMIS measure specific to cancer patients/survivors | 6 months | 
| Change in fatigue from baseline to 6 months, measured by a computerized PROMIS measure specific to cancer patients/survivors | We will use a computerized PROMIS measure specific to cancer patients/survivors | 6 months | 
| Change in anxiety from baseline to 6 months, measured by a computerized PROMIS measure specific to cancer patients/survivors | We will use a computerized PROMIS measure specific to cancer patients/survivors | 6 months | 
| Change in sleep from baseline to 6 months, measured by a computerized PROMIS measure | We will use a computerized PROMIS measure | 6 months | 
| Change in motivation from baseline to 6 months, measured by autonomous motivation specific to physical activity | Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 will be used | 6 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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video game, narrative, story, survivorship, cancer survivor, mhealth, physical activity, women, women's health