Physiological and Dietary Characteristics of Boys and Girls High School Basketball Players

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In a population of boys and girls high school basketball players, the primary objectives are to assess 1) bone mineral density and vitamin D status, and 2) energy intake and dietary quality. The secondary objectives are to assess 1) nutrients related to bone health (calcium, magnesium, vitamin K, protein) and 2) protein intake over the day. Data collection takes place pre-, mid-, and post-season.

Detailed Description
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This study will assess the dietary intake male and female 14-19 year old student athletes, specifically energy intake and dietary quality (i.e. how closely do their diets meet recommendations). Investigators hypothesize that vitamin D status will be suboptimal in most participants though bone density will be normal. Investigators hypothesize that participants will maintain energy balance over the course of the season (no significant changes to body mass or body composition) but dietary quality will not meet recommendations.

Official Title
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Physiological and Dietary Characteristics of Boys and Girls High School Basketball Players

Conditions
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Bone Health

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Vitamin D
* Diagnostic Test: DXA scan
* Other: Nutrition analysis


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Females and males between the ages of 14-19 years old. Non-smoker Currently enrolled in the IMG basketball program. Willing to fast overnight prior to testing. Willing to do a finger stick for the Vitamin D assessment. Able to give verbal and written informed consent for participation as well as obtain parental consent if <18 years of age. If an athlete would like to participate but English is not their first language, we will liaise with an interpreter on the IMG campus to inform him / her of the study protocol and procedures. Exclusion Criteria: Expulsion from school for any reason. Leaving the IMG basketball program. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years
Maximum Age: 19 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Diagnostic Test: Vitamin D|Finger stick capillary blood sampling using test from ZRT Laboratories, Beaverton, OR|
|Diagnostic Test: DXA scan|10 minute scan using scanner by GE Lunar, Madison, WI|
|Other: Nutrition analysis|Analysis of 24-h recalls will be conducted by a registered dietician using Nutritionist Pro software by Axxya Systems, Redmond, WA|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bone mineral density | whole body | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal whole body bone density would be better. | 
| Bone mineral density | spine | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal spine bone density would be better. | 
| Bone mineral density | total hip | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal total hip bone density would be better. | 
| Bone mineral density | femoral neck | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Normal femoral neck bone density would be better. | 
| Bone mineral density | vitamin D status | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Adequacy will be defined as a value > 32 ng/mL. Higher Vitamin D values would be better. | 
| Energy intake | 24 hour recall | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Energy intake that meets recommendations would be better. | 
| Dietary quality | 24 hour recall | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Diet quality that meets recommendations would be better. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assess nutrients related to bone health (calcium) | Calcium intake via 24 hour recall and calcium supplement, if any | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Calcium intake that meets recommendations would be better. | 
| Assess nutrients related to bone health (magnesium) | Magnesium intake via 24 hour recall and magnesium supplement, if any | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Magnesium intake that meets recommendations would be better. | 
| Assess nutrients related to bone health (vitamin K) | Vitamin K intake via 24 hour recall and vitamin K supplement, if any | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Vitamin K intake that meets recommendations would be better. | 
| Assess nutrients related to bone health (protein) | Protein intake via 24 hour recall | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Protein intake that meets recommendations would be better. | 
| Protein intake over the day | Times of day protein is consumed | Changes from basketball pre-season (October 2022) to mid-season (January 2023) to post-season (April 2023). Looking at pattern of protein intake. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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bone health, high school, diet, basketball, vitamin D, DXA, DEXA, nutrition, diet quality, energy intake