Learning Brushing Using Game Elements in Mobile Phones Apps

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study aims to compare the efficacy of using gamification for oral hygiene in children at home environment.

Detailed Description
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Subjects will be randomized into three groups: The first group will receive a manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chums. The second group will receive electric toothbrush Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App. The third group will receive electric toothbrush Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia.

Official Title
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Learning Oral Hygiene Using Gamification: a Randomized Clinical Study

Conditions
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Oral Hygiene, Dental Plaque, Children, Only, Dental Devices, Home Care, Motivation, Learning

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft
* Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°1
* Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°2


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children with secondary dentition (not completed); Children age 10 years and above and don't have mental or physical disabilities; Children brushing teeth by themselves; Children using manual or electric toothbrush; Children using a mobile phone; Exclusion Criteria: Children with the fixed orthodontic appliance; Children above 14 years;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 14 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°2<br>Participants will receive manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chums) and an electric toothbrush N°2 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia) and will be instructed to use them for six weeks. | Behavioral: Manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft<br>* Soft manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chumswill will be used to brush teeth.<br>Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°2<br>* Electric toothbrush (Play Smart Brush N°2) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia will be used to brush teeth.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Electric toothbrush N°1 with electric toothbrush N°2<br>Participants will receive an electric toothbrush N°1 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App) and an electric toothbrush N°2 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia) and will be instructed to use them for six weeks. | Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°1<br>* Electric toothbrush (Play Smart Brush N°1) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App will be used to brush teeth.<br>Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°2<br>* Electric toothbrush (Play Smart Brush N°2) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Utoothia will be used to brush teeth.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Manual toothbrush with electric toothbrush N°1<br>Participants will receive manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chums) and an electric toothbrush N°1 (Playbrush Smart Sonic, Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App) and will be instructed to use them for six weeks. | Behavioral: Manual toothbrush Curaprox 5460 ultra soft<br>* Soft manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 ultra soft) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Chomper Chumswill will be used to brush teeth.<br>Behavioral: Electric toothbrush Play Smart Brush N°1<br>* Electric toothbrush (Play Smart Brush N°1) and Jordan Miracle Flossers floss, Curaprox toothpaste 1450 and mobile phone application Playbrush App will be used to brush teeth.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Control 1: Intrinsic motivation | The investigators will be using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for measuring the participant intrinsic motivation (McAuley, Duncan, & Tammen, 1987). The IMI will have in total 37 items, measured on a 7-point scale. | Baseline | 
| Control 1: Oral hygiene index | The investigators will be using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) for measuring the participant debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI) (Greene and Vermillion, 1960). Each index has a scale from 0 to 3. After the scores for DI and CI are recorded, the OHI (OHI range from 0 to 12) values are calculated. Higher the OHI, poorer is the oral hygiene of the participant. | Baseline | 
| Control 2: Intrinsic motivation | The investigators will be using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for measuring the participant intrinsic motivation (McAuley, Duncan, & Tammen, 1987). The IMI will have in total 37 items, measured on a 7-point scale. | Two weeks after baseline | 
| Control 2: Oral hygiene index | The investigators will be using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) for measuring the participant debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI) (Greene and Vermillion, 1960). Each index has a scale from 0 to 3. After the scores for DI and CI are recorded, the OHI (OHI range from 0 to 12) values are calculated. Higher the OHI, poorer is the oral hygiene of the participant. | Two weeks after baseline | 
| Control 3: Intrinsic motivation | The investigators will be using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) for measuring the participant intrinsic motivation (McAuley, Duncan, & Tammen, 1987). The IMI will have in total 37 items, measured on a 7-point scale. | Six weeks after baseline | 
| Control 3: Oral hygiene index | The investigators will be using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) for measuring the participant debris Index (DI) and Calculus Index (CI) (Greene and Vermillion, 1960). Each index has a scale from 0 to 3. After the scores for DI and CI are recorded, the OHI (OHI range from 0 to 12) values are calculated. Higher the OHI, poorer is the oral hygiene of the participant. | Six weeks after baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oral hygiene knowledge of participants 1 | The investigators will use a questionnaire (Poutanen et al., 2007) about demographic factors and oral health-related knowledge attitudes, belief, and behavior to get information about the knowledge of participants oral health. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are measured with 4-point Likert-scale questions; the alternatives were: strongly agree, partly agree, partly disagree, strongly disagree. Behaviors are measured with 7-point Likert-scale questions with alternatives that described the frequency of the behavior. | Baseline | 
| Oral hygiene knowledge of participants 2 | The investigators will use a questionnaire (Poutanen et al., 2007) about oral health-related knowledge attitudes, belief, and behavior to get information about the knowledge of participants oral health. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are measured with 4-point Likert-scale questions; the alternatives were: strongly agree, partly agree, partly disagree, strongly disagree. Behaviors are measured with 7-point Likert-scale questions with alternatives that described the frequency of the behavior. | Six weeks after baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Oral hygiene, Dental Plaque, Brushing, Flossing, Gamification, Game elements, Motivation, Education, Children, Parents