Acute Effects of Fats on Satiety and Energy Needs

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this study is to assess the acute effect of dietary fat on satiety and energy metabolism.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The influences of specific dietary fat sources on satiety, appetite and energy utilization remains unclear; evidence is lacking on whether responses vary according to acute intake. The researchers will use a controlled setting to determine whether the source of dietary fat is related to perceived satiety, satiety hormone responses, and energy expenditure by conducting experiments to evaluate short term (acute) effects.

Official Title
-----------------
Acute Effects of Fats on Satiety and Energy Needs

Conditions
-----------------
Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: SFA
* Other: MUFA
* Other: PUFA-LA
* Other: ALA
* Other: LCn3


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: body mass index between 18.0-34.9 kg/m2 free of major diagnosed, untreated medical conditions controlled hypertension non-smoking or use of other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes not taking steroid-based medications not planning to or currently attempting to gain or lose weight willing to comply with study demands use of oral contraceptives low intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids Exclusion Criteria: diagnosed eating disorders diabetes (blood sugar ≥ 126 mg/dl) hypertension (systolic ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic > 100 mmHg) diagnosed cardiovascular, pulmonary, skeletal and metabolic disease currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant, or lactating taking medications known to affect appetite, blood lipids, body composition, body weight, or food intake (appetite control drugs, steroids, antidepressants)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Saturated Fat (SFA)<br>30 grams saturated fat in the form of heavy whipping cream will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink | Other: SFA<br>* High saturated fatty acid/SFA oil source<br>|
| Experimental: Monounsaturated Fat (MUFA)<br>30 grams monounsaturated fat in the form of high oleic canola oil will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink | Other: MUFA<br>* High monounsaturated fatty acid/MUFA oil source<br>|
| Experimental: Polyunsaturated Fat Linoleic (PUFA-LA)<br>30 grams polyunsaturated fat in the form of high linoleic sunflower oil will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink | Other: PUFA-LA<br>* High polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic)/PUFA-LA oil source<br>|
| Experimental: Polyunsaturated Fat Alpha-Linolenic (ALA)<br>30 grams polyunsaturated fat in the form of flaxseed oil will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink | Other: ALA<br>* High polyunsaturated fatty acid (alpha-linolenic)/ALA oil source<br>|
| Experimental: Polyunsaturated Fat Long Chain Omega-3 (LCn3)<br>30 grams polyunsaturated fat in the form of fish oil (Coromega Omega3 Squeeze) will be provided to subject in a smoothie drink | Other: LCn3<br>* High polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3)/LCn3 oil source<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acute effect of fat intake on energy expenditure as determined by metabolic rate |  | Incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC) of metabolic rate from 0 to 4 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Satiety, Energy Expenditure, Appetite