The Effects of Music on ANS and Anxiety in Healthy Elderly and Persons With SCD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Subjective cognition decline (SCD) is considered as a risk factor of dementia and associates not only with further cognition deterioration but with a higher anxiety level. Anxiety may lead to decreasing cognitive function and negative impacts on the well-being and quality of life. To avoid these consequences, reducing anxiety is an important step to treat SCD. To ease anxious emotions, music has been viewed as an effective, safe and easy alternative to medication. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music on reducing the anxiety of the healthy elderly and SCD and further to compare the anxiety level between SCD and healthy controls.

Detailed Description
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Single subject pretest-posttest design was used. 12 SCD subjects was recruited from the memory clinic and 12 healthy controls from the community. The anxiety level was assessed both by self-reports (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scale of Anxiety) and by objective measurements related to autonomic nervous system activities (heart rate variability and electrodermal activity). The participants underwent a memory task to induce anxiety. Next, preferred music and white noise were provided in random order. The anxiety level and the effects of music intervention between SCD and healthy controls will be further compared.

Official Title
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The Effects of Music on Autonomic Nervous System and Anxiety in Healthy Elderly and Persons With Subjective Cognitive Decline

Conditions
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Dementia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Music
* Behavioral: White noise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: able to read and write Mandarin the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) ≥ 24 Exclusion Criteria: cognitive status was affected by psychic problems, neurological disease or other conditions people with auditory and visual impairments people with obesity (BMI ≥ 27) or diabetes mellitus.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: SCD subjects<br>Patients were diagnosed with subjective cognition decline and referred by neurologists. | Behavioral: Music<br>* Subjects sit still and listen to preferred music for 5 minutes.<br>Behavioral: White noise<br>* Subjects sit still and listen to white noise for 5 minutes.<br>|
| Experimental: Healthy controls<br>Voluntary healthy elderly recruited from the community. | Behavioral: Music<br>* Subjects sit still and listen to preferred music for 5 minutes.<br>Behavioral: White noise<br>* Subjects sit still and listen to white noise for 5 minutes.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Heart rate variability | Heart activity was transformed into low- and high-frequency power components, which represented sympathetic and parasympathetic system activities respectively. It is recorded by skin conductance sensors wearing on the 2nd to 4th finger. These sensors connect to ProComp2™ Biofeedback System to collect biofeedback data. The data is further calibrated and analyzed by CardioPro Infiniti software. | 45 minutes | 
| Skin conductance | Electrodermal activity related to sympathetic system response (sweating). It is recorded by skin conductance sensors wearing on the 2nd to 4th finger. These sensors connect to ProComp2™ Biofeedback System to collect biofeedback data. The data is further calibrated and analyzed by CardioPro Infiniti software. | 45 minutes | 
| Visual Analogue Scale of Anxiety | Participants reports their immediately subjective anxiety levels. | After each stimulus task and intervention: on the 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 35th and 40th minute. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chinese version of state-trait anxiety inventory-trait version | A self-report regards to participants' usual emotional status and personal characteristic based on a 4-point Likert scale and consists of 20 questions. People who get higher scores are considered having more anxious personality. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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music, anxiety, autonomic nervous system, subjective cognition decline