Young Goalkeeper's Fracture: Radiographic Findings

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this project is to evaluate retrospectively goalkeeper's fractures in children using the children fracture classification and to evaluate the distal radius tilt angle of the growth plate on plain radiographs of the forearm. Patients positive for goalkeeper's fracture will prospectively answer a questionnaire concerning risk factors and circumstances during the injury.

Detailed Description
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Distal forearm or radius fractures in young goalkeepers have been named the young goalkeeper's fracture in the literature. While catching the soccer ball the child suffers a distal forearm fracture due to axial forces to the immature bone of the child. These goalkeeper's fractures on radiographs may be subtle or difficult to discriminate from normal radiographs. Retrospective study for the evaluation of radiographs of the forearm from 2005 - 2016 of children with history of catching a ball. Two radiologist are blinded for history, age, name and findings on final reports. First reading without measurement of distal tilt angle, second reading with measurement of distal tilt angle and after consensus meeting. Questionnaire: prospectively all patients with goalkeeper's fracture will answer a questionnaire concerning circumstances and risks during the accident.

Official Title
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Young Goalkeeper's Fracture: Radiographic Findings, Risk Factors and Prevention Measures

Conditions
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Radius Fractures

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Radius tilt angle


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children 1-16 years of age with distal radius fracture and the clinical history: child catches a ball, between 1/2005 - 7/2016. Control group (1-16 years) with normal distal radius and no history to catch a ball and no fracture. Evaluation of the normal distal tilt angle of the radius. Exclusion Criteria: pathological fractures other history of trauma than to catch a ball patients older than 16 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Radius tilt angle<br>Children 0-16 years of age positive for distal forearm fracture and positive history of goalkeeper's fracture (to catch a ball). | Other: Radius tilt angle<br>* Fracture classification in children. Tilt angle measurement of the distal radius growth plate.<br>|
| Normal control group<br>Children 0-16 years of age without radius fracture and no history of catching a ball. | Other: Radius tilt angle<br>* Fracture classification in children. Tilt angle measurement of the distal radius growth plate.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tilt angle of distal radius growth plate in goalkeeper's fracture | Dorsal angulation of distal radius growth plate in goalkeeper's fracture | 2005- 2016 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Risk factors for goalkeeper's fracture | Questionnaire for circumstances and risks for goalkeeper's fracture | 2005-2016 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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goalkeeper's fracture