Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics of Prototype Modified-Release Formulations Of Apremilast in Healthy Men

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will assess up to 12 different oral formulations of apremilast to determine how much apremilast is absorbed by the body compared to a reference formulation.

Detailed Description
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This will be a single-center, open-label, crossover, single modified-release-dose study in adult males to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of prototype modified-release (MR) formulations compared to the reference immediate-release (IR) apremilast formulation. Within 4 separate groups, participants will be randomly assigned to a treatment sequence. A total of up to 12 test MR formulations may be evaluated. Group 1: A 4-sequence, 4-period design to compare three modified-release prototypes with the reference immediate-release formulation. A total of 16 participants will be enrolled to obtain at least 12 participants who complete all 4 periods. Group 2: A 4-sequence, 4-period design to compare three MR prototypes with the reference IR formulation. Sixteen participants will be enrolled to obtain at least 12 participants who complete all four periods. Group 3: A six-sequence, three-period design to compare two MR prototypes with the reference IR formulation. Eighteen participants will be enrolled to obtain at least 12 participants who complete all three periods. Group 4: A 10-sequence, 5-period design to compare four MR prototypes with the reference IR formulation. Thirty participants will be enrolled to obtain at least 20 participants who complete all five periods.

Official Title
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A Phase 1, Open-Label, Single Center Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Prototype Modified-Release Formulations Of Apremilast (CC-10004) in Healthy Male Subjects

Conditions
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Healthy Volunteers

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Apremilast Immediate Release
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 1
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 2
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 3
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 4
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 5
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 6
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 8
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 9
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 11
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 12
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 13
* Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 14


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subjects must satisfy ALL of the following criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the study: Must understand and voluntarily sign a written informed consent form prior to any study-related procedures being performed. Must be able to communicate with the investigator, understand and comply with the requirements of the study, and agree to adhere to restrictions and examination schedules. Male subjects of any race between 18 to 55 years of age (inclusive), and in good health as determined by the Investigator. Has a body mass index between 18 and 33 kg/m^2 (inclusive). No clinically significant laboratory tests as determined by the investigator. Must not have a fever, with systolic blood pressure: 90 to 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure: 60 to 90 mmHg, and pulse rate: 40 to 110 bpm (measurements taken while lying down). Must have a normal or clinically acceptable 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Subjects (including those who have had a vasectomy) who engage in activity in which conception is possible must use barrier contraception (male latex condom or non-latex condom not made out of natural [animal] membrane [eg, polyurethane]) while on study medication, and for 28 days after the last dose of study medication. Must agree to refrain from donating sperm, blood or plasma (other than for this study) while participating in this study and for at least 28 days after the last dose of study drug. Exclusion Criteria: The presence of ANY of the following will exclude any healthy subject from enrollment into the study: History of any clinically significant and relevant neurological, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, psychological, pulmonary, metabolic, endocrine, hematological, allergic disease, drug allergies, or other major disorders. Any condition which places the subject at unacceptable risk if he were to participate in the study, or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study. Use of any prescribed systemic or topical medication within 30 days of the first dose administration, unless Sponsor agreement is obtained. Use of any non-prescribed systemic or topical medication (including vitamin/mineral supplements, and herbal medicines) within 14 days of the first dose administration, unless Sponsor agreement is obtained. Any surgical or medical condition possibly affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, eg, bariatric procedure, colon resection, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, etc. Subjects with cholecytectomy and appendectomy may be included. Exposure to an investigational drug (new chemical entity) within 30 days prior to the first dose administration or 5 half-lives of that investigational drug, if known (whichever is longer). Donated blood or plasma within 8 weeks before the first dose administration to a blood bank or blood donation center. History of drug abuse (as defined by the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) within 2 years before dosing, or a positive drug screen reflecting consumption of illicit drugs. History of alcohol abuse (as defined by the current version of the DSM) within 2 years before dosing, or a positive alcohol screen. Known to have serum hepatitis, or known to be a carrier of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody, or have a positive result to the test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies at Screening.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group 1<br>Participants received the following 4 treatments, given in 4 possible sequences (ADBC, BACD, CBDA, and DCAB) with 7 to 10 days between each treatment: A) Two oral doses of 30 mg apremilast immediate release tablets 12 hours apart (reference formulation) B) A single oral dose 75 mg apremilast tablet prototype MR 1 C) A single oral dose 75 mg apremilast tablet prototype MR 2 D) A single oral dose 75 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 3 | Drug: Apremilast Immediate Release<br>* 30 mg immediate release tablets<br>* Other names: CC-10004;Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 1<br>* 75 mg oral tablet of prototype modified release (MR) 1<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 2<br>* 75 mg oral tablet of prototype MR 2<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 3<br>* 75 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 3<br>|
| Experimental: Group 2<br>Participants received the following 4 treatments, given in 4 possible sequences (AGEF, EAFG, FEGA, and GFAE) with 7 to 10 days between each treatment: A) Two oral doses of 30 mg apremilast immediate release tablets 12 hours apart (reference formulation) E) A single oral dose 75 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 4 F) A single oral dose 75 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 5 G) A single oral dose 75 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 6 | Drug: Apremilast Immediate Release<br>* 30 mg immediate release tablets<br>* Other names: CC-10004;Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 4<br>* 75 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 4<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 5<br>* 75 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 5<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 6<br>* 75 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 6<br>|
| Experimental: Group 3<br>Participants received the following 3 treatments, given in 6 possible sequences (AIJ, IJA, JAI, AJI, IAJ, or JIA) with 7 to 10 days between each treatment: A) Two oral doses of 30 mg apremilast immediate release tablets 12 hours apart (reference formulation) I) A single oral dose 80 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 8 J) A single oral dose 80 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 9 | Drug: Apremilast Immediate Release<br>* 30 mg immediate release tablets<br>* Other names: CC-10004;Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 8<br>* 80 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 8<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 9<br>* 80 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 9<br>|
| Experimental: Group 4<br>Participants received the following 5 treatments, given in 10 possible sequences (ALOMN, LMANO, MNLOA, NOMAL, OANLM, NMOLA, ONAML, AOLNM, LAMON, or MLNAO) with 7 to 10 days between each treatment: A) Two oral doses of 30 mg apremilast immediate release tablets 12 hours apart (reference formulation) L) A single oral dose 80 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 11 M) A single oral dose 80 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 12 N) A single oral dose 80 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 13 O) A single oral dose 80 mg apremilast capsule prototype MR 14 | Drug: Apremilast Immediate Release<br>* 30 mg immediate release tablets<br>* Other names: CC-10004;Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 11<br>* 80 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 11<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 12<br>* 80 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 12<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 13<br>* 80 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 13<br>Drug: Apremilast Modified Release 14<br>* 80 mg oral capsule of prototype MR 14<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Group 1: Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Last Measured Time Point (AUC0-t) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Time to Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Half-life of Apremilast in Terminal Phase (T1/2) | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Apparent Total Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Apparent Total Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference Corrected by Dose | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞/Dose[test]) / (AUC0-∞/Dose[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 1: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞[test]) / (AUC0-∞[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Last Measured Time Point (AUC0-t) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Time to Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Half-life of Apremilast in Terminal Phase (T1/2) | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Apparent Total Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Apparent Total Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference Corrected by Dose | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞/Dose[test]) / (AUC0-∞/Dose[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 2: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞[test]) / (AUC0-∞[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Last Measured Time Point (AUC0-t) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Time to Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Half-life of Apremilast in Terminal Phase (T1/2) | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Apparent Total Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference Corrected by Dose | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞/Dose[test]) / (AUC0-∞/Dose[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 3: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞[test]) / (AUC0-∞[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to the Last Measured Time Point (AUC0-t) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-∞) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Time to Observed Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Half-life of Apremilast in Terminal Phase (T1/2) | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Apparent Total Plasma Clearance (CL/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Apparent Total Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) of Apremilast | Concentrations of apremilast in plasma were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference Corrected by Dose | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞/Dose[test]) / (AUC0-∞/Dose[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 
| Group 4: Relative Bioavailability of Apremilast Test Formulations Relative to Reference | Relative bioavailability of each test formulation compared to the reference formulation corrected by dose, calculated as: (AUC0-∞[test]) / (AUC0-∞[reference]) * 100%. | IR reference formulation: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after the first dose; MR formulations: predose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours postdose. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Group 1: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events | An adverse event (AE) is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study. It may be a new intercurrent illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. A treatment-emergent AE (TEAE) was defined as any AE that occurred after dosing of the study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE occurring at any dose that: Resulted in death; Was life-threatening; Required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; Was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; Constituted an important medical event. | Adverse events were collected for 7 to 10 days after each treatment. | 
| Group 2: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events | An adverse event (AE) is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study. It may be a new intercurrent illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. A treatment-emergent AE (TEAE) was defined as any AE that occurred after dosing of the study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE occurring at any dose that: Resulted in death; Was life-threatening; Required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; Was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; Constituted an important medical event. | Adverse events were collected for 7 to 10 days after each treatment. | 
| Group 3: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events | An adverse event (AE) is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study. It may be a new intercurrent illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. A treatment-emergent AE (TEAE) was defined as any AE that occurred after dosing of the study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE occurring at any dose that: Resulted in death; Was life-threatening; Required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; Was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; Constituted an important medical event. | Adverse events were collected for 7 to 10 days after each treatment. | 
| Group 4: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events | An adverse event (AE) is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may appear or worsen in a participant during the course of a study. It may be a new intercurrent illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the participant's health, including laboratory test values, regardless of etiology. A treatment-emergent AE (TEAE) was defined as any AE that occurred after dosing of the study drug. A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE occurring at any dose that: Resulted in death; Was life-threatening; Required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; Resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; Was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; Constituted an important medical event. | Adverse events were collected for 7 to 10 days after each treatment. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Apremilast, Healthy male subjects, Pharmacokinetics