Mechanisms of Anxiety and Depression Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Eligible participants will come in for three separate visits in which they will be interviewed, perform a variety of tasks, and undergo a non-invasive MRI scan. The investigators anticipate that (1) participants with anxiety and depression will likely perform differently than the healthy controls on cognitive tasks, (2) participants with anxiety and depression will likely show differences in brain functionality compared to the healthy controls, and (3) depression and anxiety likely share some underlying mechanisms.

Detailed Description
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In order to determine eligibility, a brief phone screen lasting approximately 15 minutes will be conducted. If participants are eligible, they will be asked to come in for three separate visits. During the first visit, participants will complete questionnaires as well as a structured interview with one of the study's staff members at Palo Alto University in Los Altos. During the second visit, participants would come to Palo Alto University in Los Altos and complete questionnaires as well as a testing session involving various tasks. During the third visit, participants would undergo a non-invasive brain scan in which participants would complete a task as well as various questionnaires at Stanford University in Stanford. The investigators have flexible hours and can work around participants' schedules! To inquire more about participation, participants can either email the investigators at paloalto.study@gmail.com or call the investigators at (650) 417-2000 ext. 3642

Official Title
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Transdiagnostic Endophenotypes of Anxiety and Depression

Conditions
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Depression, Anxiety

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Right-handed Healthy with no medical conditions OR have a history of anxiety and/or depression Ability to travel to both Palo Alto University and Stanford University

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Depression and anxiety symptoms<br> | |
| Healthy controls<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brain imaging | Non-invasive MRI brain scan to see function and structure of brain | Day 1 | 
| Assessment of symptoms and daily functioning | Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, General demographic questionnaires, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire, The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Activation Scale, The NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Behavioral Regulation Index and Metacognition Index, General temperament Survey, Questionnaire of Mental Imagery, Rumination Reflection Questionnaire, Drug Abuse Screening Test, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire- Factor Structure, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Trait Meta-Mood Scale | Day 1 | 
| Cognitive assessment | Objective assessment of cognitive strengths and weaknesses via neuropsychological testing session | Day 1 |