Combined Use of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG Laser

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planning with hand instruments in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Detailed Description
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The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planning with hand instruments in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis.Twenty-ﬁve systemically healthy patients with moderate-to-advanced periodontal destruction were selected for this study. The quadrants were randomly allocated in a split-mouth design to either combined Er:YAG (160 mj/pulse, and 10 Hz) and Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ/pulse, and 20 Hz) therapy (test group) or scaling root planning using hand instruments (control group). At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment, clinical measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (%) (BOP), were performed and gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were taken. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and a novel automatic colorimetric method. Quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures.

Official Title
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Combined Application of ER:YAG and ND:YAG Lasers in Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Chronic Periodontitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Periodontal curettes
* Device: Er-YAG+Nd-YAG lasers


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The patients had ≥4 teeth per quadrant with probing depth (PD) of ≥5 mm, clinical attachment level (CAL) of ≥4 mm, and radiographic signs of alveolar bone loss. These individuals also had bleeding on probing (BOP) at >80% of the proximal sites. Exclusion Criteria: Periodontal treatment received for the last 1 year; systemic diseases that could influence the outcome of the therapy, pregnancy, smoking, immunosuppressive chemotherapy; and use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs for the last 6 months.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: split-mouth
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Control Group<br>Mechanical periodontal treatment: Scaling and root planing were performed with periodontal curettes until the operator feels that root surface is clean, hard and smooth. | Device: Periodontal curettes<br> <br> * Other names: Hu-Friedy, Gracey curets No. 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 11/12, 13/14, Hu-Friedy Ins. Co., USA;|
| Experimental: Test Group<br>Combined laser therapy: An Er:YAG laser (160 mj/pulse, 10 Hz) (AT Fidelis Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) with water irrigation was first used to remove subgingival calculus and infected cementum.The Er:YAG laser beam was delivered into the periodontal pockets using a chisel-shaped quartz tip in contact mode under water irrigation, from a coronal to an apical direction with the tip inclined at 10o to 15o to the root surfaces. After Er:YAG laser application, Nd:YAG laser treatment (AT Fidelis Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) was performed at an energy level of 100 mJ/pulse, and 20 Hz for removing pocket epithelium and detoxiﬁcation purpose. Irradiation was accomplished with a 320 μm fiber optic delivery system. The fiber was inserted into the periodontal pocket base in parallel alignment with the root surface, and the fiber was slowly moved from apical to coronal in a sweeping motion during the laser light emission. | Device: Er-YAG+Nd-YAG lasers<br> <br> * Other names: AT Fidelis Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical Attachment Level Change for Moderately Deep Pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) | Change in clinical attachment level for moderately deep pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) between baseline and 1 month Change in clinical attachment level for moderately deep pockets (4 mm≤PD≤6 mm) between baseline and 3 month | Baseline, 1 and 3 months | 
| Clinical Attachment Level Change for Deep Pockets (7 mm≤PD) | Change in clinical attachment level for deep pockets (7 mm≤PD) between baseline and 1 month. Change in clinical attachment level for deep pockets (7 mm≤PD) between baseline and 3 month. | Baseline, 1 and 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Er-YAG lasers, Nd-YAG lasers, chronic periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal debridement