Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Squares Test in Measuring Hand Function in Parkinson's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The first aim of the present study was to investigate reliability, validity and responsiveness to the minimal clinically important difference, which is defined as the smallest change in score corresponding to clinically meaningful change realized by patient, of the squares test in people with PD. The second aim of the study is to determine the relationship between hand function and both trunk control and balance in PD population.

Detailed Description
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At baseline, the ST, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) was applied to the PS group when the patients were on period. The ST was repeated after seven days from the first application when PD group were on period to evaluate its reliability.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Squares Test in Measuring Hand Function in Parkinson's Disease

Conditions
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Parkinson Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: The squares test


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: at least 40 years of age neurologist-diagnosed idiopathic PD (using UK Brain Bank criteria) Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stages 1 to 4 Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 22/30 (literate and with 5 or more years of education) and ≥18/30 (illiterate and with less than 5 years of education) living in the community Exclusion Criteria: individuals with other major diseases (e.g., cancer, stroke, epilepsy, dementia, and severe rheumatoid arthritis) preexisting disabilities visual impairments diagnosis of atypical Parkinsonism H&Y stage 5 previous surgical management of PD

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients with Parkinson's Disease<br>Parkinson's Disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-4) | Other: The squares test<br>* The squares test (ST) originally used in handedness is modified. The ST is a reliable, not time-consuming and easy to administer test for evaluated hand function.<br>|
| Healthy controls<br>Healthy people | Other: The squares test<br>* The squares test (ST) originally used in handedness is modified. The ST is a reliable, not time-consuming and easy to administer test for evaluated hand function.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Squares Test | The Squares Test is used to evaluate hand function. | 2 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Nine-Hole Peg Test | The Nine-Hole Peg Test is used to evaluate hand function. | 2 minutes | 
| Berg Balance Scale | Functional balance performance was assessed with the Berg Balance scale. | 15 minutes | 
| Trunk Impairment Scale | Trunk control was assessed by the Trunk Impairment Scale. | 20 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Parkinson's Disease, Hand Function, Squares Test