Abdominal Hypopressive Technique on Postpartum Low Back Pain

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Postpartum Low back pain (PP-LBP) is more common and can lead to limitations to women's daily activity. Pregnancy related low back pain has been reported to occur in 55% to 78% women worldwide.This study is planned to determine the effects of abdominal hypopressive technique on postpartum low back pain, mobility and disability.

Detailed Description
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literature suggests the use of hypopressive abdominal techniques to be effective in increasing the thickness of the abdominal muscles and hence add to the stability of the spine and alleviation of low back pain in the postpartum period. This will be a randomized controlled trial, with two groups. Participants in the experimental group will learn how to perform the hypopressive maneuver, which consisted of exhaling to their expiratory reserve volume, then holding their breath (apnea), and expanding their rib cage, to draw their abdominal wall inward and cranially without inhalation. control group will perform general exercises. Both groups will be assessed at pre and post test (after 6weeks)

Official Title
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Effects of Abdominal Hypopressive Technique on Postpartum Low Back Pain

Conditions
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Postpartum

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Abdominal hypopressive Exercises (AHE)
* Other: General exercises


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Postpartum non-radiating low back Pain LBP severity >3 on numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) Spontaneous vaginal delivery Exclusion Criteria: Prenatal history of low back pain Caesarean section Hypertension Puerperium period Arterial complications Neurological deficit Disc Bulge Lumbar Radiculopathy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This will be a Pretest-Postest Control group Design with parallel assignment of patients into two groups.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: AHT group<br>This group will receive Abdominal hypopressive exercises. Each AHT will be repeated 3-5 times with 1 min rest between exercises (shift to new posture, lying,sitting and standing). Between 6 and 15 hypopressive exercises (HEs) will be performed within each session based on the participant's mastery of the exercises and readiness to progress, for 6 weeks. | Other: Abdominal hypopressive Exercises (AHE)<br>* Active and specific Therapeutic exercises will be used to treat postpartum low back pain in this study. AHE consisted of exhaling to their expiratory reserve volume, then holding their breath (apnea), and expanding their rib cage, to draw their abdominal wall inward and cranially without inhalation. Each exercise will have a specific frequency, intensity, and duration.<br>|
| Active Comparator: General exercise group<br>This group will receive general exercises (Bridging, knee to chest, Straight leg rise) these will be repeated 3-5 times with 1 min rest between exercises. Between 6 and 15 repetitions will be performed within each session based on the participant's mastery of the exercises and readiness to progress. Each exercise to be repeated 3-5 times per set, and participants will be asked to perform technique once daily for 6 weeks | Other: General exercises<br>* General exercises are therapeutic exercises for core muscles for the treatment of postpartum low back pain.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) | The pain score was assessed using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is a scoring system, wherein the pain level was quantified on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). The NPRS is a valid and frequently employed method of musculoskeletal pain assessment. | Changes from Baseline to 6th week | 
| Pregnancy Mobility Index | It is self-report mobility scale designed specifically for the pregnant women. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) is 0.8 or higher indicating a good construct validity. The assumptions that the Pregnancy Mobility Index scores increase during pregnancy and decrease after delivery and that women with back or pelvic problems scored higher on the Pregnancy Mobility Index domains than women without back or pelvic pain were confirmed, indicating a good criterion validation. Its scores range from 0 to 100, in which 0 equals 'normal performance' and 100 indicates 'maximum disability | Changes from Baseline to 6th week | 
| Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Index | It is a sixteen-item scale, which is a valid and reliable instrument for postpartum QOL assessment. It includes items on the different aspects of postpartum QOL and can be used for the early diagnosis of impaired postpartum QOL. The QoL score ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating higher QoL. | Changes from Baseline to 6th week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index(ODI) | The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index is a validated, 10-point patient-reported outcome questionnaire. It is considered the 'gold standard for measuring disability and quality of life (QoL) impairment for adults with low back pain. The Cronbach-α for the ODI is 0.75. The ODI showed excellent test- retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91) | Changes from Baseline to 6th week |