Compensatory Cognitive Training For Schizophrenia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of compensatory cognitive training plus treatment as usual (CCT+TAU) versus treatment as usual (TAU) on on self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality of life, and self-stigma for schizophrenia.

Official Title
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Compensatory Cognitive Training for Psychosocial Correlates and Self-stigma in Persons With Schizophrenia

Conditions
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Schizophrenia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Compensatory Cognitive Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: diagnosis of schizophrenia, based on the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research (World Health Organization, 1992) age from 20 to 65 attending day care center regularly for at least 3 months taking stable dose of medication for at least 3 months Exclusion Criteria: comorbid autism spectrum disorder comorbid mental retardation lacking the reading and writing skills

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: CCT+TAU group<br>The participants in CCT+TAU group received compensatory cognitive training plus treatment as usual. The CCT intervention consisted of two 50-minute sessions each week for 10 weeks | Behavioral: Compensatory Cognitive Training<br>* Teach the participants compensatory cognitive skills and strategies<br>|
| No Intervention: TAU group<br>The participants in TAU group received usual treatment at the same time as CCT+TAU group. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change scores of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) | The Chinese version of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was implemented as self-esteem measures. The total score ranged from 10 to 40, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-esteem. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | 
| Change scores of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) | The Chinese version of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) consisted of 10 items, assessing optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. The total score ranged from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | 
| Change scores of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) | The Chinese version of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) was administered to measure subjective quality of life. The total scores ranged from 33-165, with higher scores indicating comparatively lower quality of life. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | 
| Change scores of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMIS) | The Chinese version of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMIS) consists of 29 items incorporated in five domains: alienation, stereotype endorsement, discrimination experience, social withdrawal, and stigma resistance. The total scores range from 29-116. The higher scores on the ISMIS indicates more severe internalized stigmatization. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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schizophrenia, compensatory cognitive training, generalized estimating equation, psychosocial correlates, self-stigma