Cardioneuroablation for the Treatment of Vagally-mediated Atrial Fibrillation.

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a cornerstone for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), however, exact mechanisms of PVI efficacy remain debatable. It has been postulated that in patients with increased vagal tone AF can be treated by attenuation of parasympathetic drive to the heart using cardioneuroablation (CNA) by means of radiofrequency (RF) of the ganglionated plexi, however, data in literature and guidelines are lacking. The objective of this study is to examine the mid-term efficacy of RF-CNA targeting the right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP) in management of AF using right-atrial approach only.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Calculation of deceleration capacity (DC) was derived from the result of 1-minute monitoring of R-R intervals recorded using electrophysiology (EP) system. Double access to the right femoral vein was obtained under ultrasound guidance. Four- or ten-pole diagnostic electrode was introduced into the coronary sinus and an open-irrigated or 8 mm ablation catheter (AC) was advanced into the superior vena cava. The location of RAGP was determined purely anatomically at the sites of fragmented potentials below the superior vena cava ostium and the superior-septal aspect of the right atrium in the left anterior oblique (LAO) view and was guided fluoroscopically. RF applications were delivered and were continued until heart rate (HR) acceleration >30% was achieved or RF time exceeded 120 s. Clinical follow-up (FU) consisted of multiple ambulatory visits with standard ECG and a 7-day Holter during the FU period. During FU visits, a detailed history of any palpitations, episodes of AF, and hospitalizations for cardiac arrhythmias was collected.

Official Title
-----------------
Right Anterior Ganglionated Plexus Ablation Without Pulmonary Vein Isolation for the Treatment of Vagally-mediated Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Conditions
-----------------
Atrial Fibrillation Paroxysmal

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Procedure: Cardioneuroablation (CNA) of the right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Deceleration capacity >7ms Exclusion Criteria: Permanent AF lasting more than one year or persistent AF lasting more than 7 days AF secondary to electrolyte imbalance, thyroid disease, alcohol abuse, or other non-heart related causes Anteroposterior dimension of the left atrium in the echocardiography ≥ 5.5 cm Significant valvular disease Prosthetic valve Heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV Previous AF ablation History of a persistent oval opening/atrial septal defect closure History of left atrial appendage closure Atrial myxoma Presence of a cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy device Symptomatic hypotension History of pericarditis Congenital heart disease History of coagulation disorders Contraindications to oral anticoagulation Contraindications to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging History of transplantation Severe lung disease Chronic renal failure defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/m2 Cancer Significant infection Life expectancy less than one year Lack of informed consent to participate in the trial Participation in another trial

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| ≥30% HR increase after CNA<br>Patients in whom ≥30% increase in HR after CNA of RAGP was achieved. | Procedure: Cardioneuroablation (CNA) of the right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP)<br>* CNA of RAGP<br>|
| <30% HR increase after CNA<br>Patients in whom ≥30% increase in HR after CNA of RAGP was *not* achieved. | Procedure: Cardioneuroablation (CNA) of the right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP)<br>* CNA of RAGP<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| AF recurrence | AF episode lasting 30s or more, documented on 12-lead ECG, event or Holter monitor | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Atrial Fibrillation, Vagally-mediated, Cardioneuroablation