Mirror Therapy for Impingement Syndrome

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Background: Mirror therapy is an adjuvant treatment option based on shoulder impingement Syndrome Objective:To investigate the effect of mirror theraphy on shoulder impingement Syndrome Methods: The study included 62 participants, including cases in the intervention group (IG) (± years) and 20 cases in the control group (CG) (years) who met the selection criteria. IG received mirror theraphy with regular physiotherapy while CG received only regular physiotherapy. The patients were evaluated with the before treatment, immediately after treatment (post-treatment).

Official Title
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Mirror Therapy is an Adjuvant Treatment Option Based on Shoulder Impingement Syndrome.

Conditions
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Impingement Syndrome, Mirror Movements 2

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: mirror therapy
* Other: conventional physiotherapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being aged 18-75 years Being diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome Exclusion Criteria: Being uncooperative Having an additional systemic disease Having uncontrolled hypertension Presence of heart failure Having hearing or vision problems Having a balance disorder Diagnosis of heart disease and lung disease so advanced that exercise is contraindicated History of shoulder surgery Have any pathology that may cause referred pain (eg, cervical radiculopathy) Shoulder trauma, previous humeral fracture history Steroid injection to the shoulder joint or subacromial bursa in the last 6 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: control group<br>conventional physiotherapy | Other: conventional physiotherapy<br>* The conventional physiotherapy program included, wand exercises for shoulder abduction, flexion, hyperextension and internal and external rotation, Codman exercises and isometric and resistive exercises of the shoulder girdle. The exercise program is performed under the supervision of an experienced physiotherapist. The isometric exercises will be used during the painful period, and the resistance exercises will be added after the pain began to relieve.under the supervision of a physician in the first 30 minutes of their exercise.<br>|
| Experimental: mirror therapy group<br>conventional physiotherapy and mirror therapy | Other: mirror therapy<br>* The patients in IG will receive exercise program before mirror theraphy. The patient will continue to do the exercises in front of the mirror for the remaining 20 minutes of the exercise. While doing the exercise with the healthy side in front of the mirror, the patient will try to do the same movement with the shoulder diagnosed with impingement syndrome on the other side of the mirror. The patient will try to do the movement correctly with the reflection in the mirror.<br>Other: conventional physiotherapy<br>* The conventional physiotherapy program included, wand exercises for shoulder abduction, flexion, hyperextension and internal and external rotation, Codman exercises and isometric and resistive exercises of the shoulder girdle. The exercise program is performed under the supervision of an experienced physiotherapist. The isometric exercises will be used during the painful period, and the resistance exercises will be added after the pain began to relieve.under the supervision of a physician in the first 30 minutes of their exercise.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| goniometer | shoulder range of motion and will be measured | 10 minutes | 
| Hawkins test | impingement tests; forced internal rotation was performed while the arm and elbow were in 90° flexion | 5 minutes | 
| Neer test | subacromial impingement test | 5 minutes | 
| Jobe Test | lesions of the infraspinatus muscle | 5 minutes | 
| Constant Murley Score | functional level of the patients' shoulder joint, higher scores mean a better outcome. | 10 minutes | 
| Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale | will be used to evaluate kinesiophobia, higher scores mean worse outcome. | 10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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mirror therapy, Impingement Syndrome, shoulder, adjuvant treatment