Effects of Cerebellum or Supplementary Motor Area Functional Inactivation on Gait and Balance Control

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In human, the physiology of gait and balance is not clearly established. By using functional imaging and electrophysiological techniques, various brain regions from the cortex to the midbrain area, including the cerebellum, have been identified as involved in such control. The specific role of these structures in both the capacity to go forward (locomotion) and stand upright (balance), but also in the different phases of the gait initiation process, are not known, however. In this study,the investigators aimed to assess the specific role of both the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the cerebellum in postural control during the initiation of gait. For this purpose, the investigators plan to study the gait initiation in 20 healthy subjects before and after functional inactivation (using inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS) of the cerebellum or SMA. Biomechanical, kinematic and electromyographic parameters of the gait initiation will be recorded using a force platform, reflective markers with infrared cameras (VICON system) and lower limbs surface EMG electrodes.

Official Title
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Rôle du Cervelet et de l'Aire Motrice supplémentaire Dans le contrôle Postural au Cours de la Marche Chez l'Homme

Conditions
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: transcranial magnetic stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18-70 years agree to participate to the study with signature of the informed consent heathy insurance normal clinical exam Exclusion Criteria: previous medical history of neurological, rheumatological, orthopedic or psychiatric disorders contra-indication to MRI or TMS drug treatment that modifies the nervous central system excitability (antidepressant, antiepileptic, neuroleptic) chronic alcoholism

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Sham Comparator: transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>sham transcranial magnetic stimulation | Other: transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>* comparison of different conditions of transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>|
| Experimental: supplementary motor area stimulation<br>supplementary motor area transcranial magnetic stimulation | Other: transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>* comparison of different conditions of transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>|
| Experimental: cerebellar stimulation<br>cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation | Other: transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>* comparison of different conditions of transcranial magnetic stimulation<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| postural control during gait initiation | braking capacity | change between baseline and 5 minutes after transcranial magnetic stimulation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| duration of anticipatory postural adjustments | duration | change between baseline and 5 minutes after transcranial magnetic stimulation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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cerebellum, supplementary motor area