Can Fasting Ramadan in the Third Trimester in Pregnancy Affects the Fetal Growth.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Prospective comparative cohort study including 159 pregnant women at the third trimester recruited from the antenatal clinic at EL-Demerdash outpatient clinic, and followed up during the holy month of Ramadan (from 18th June To 16th July 2015). The patients recorded their pattern of fasting during Ramadan then grouped into three groups A, B, C regarding fasting state A- Non fasting group B- Partially fasting group C- Totally fasting group .

Detailed Description
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Many pregnant muslims women fast during Ramadan Since fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is a central part of Muslim culture, many women may fear a loss of connection with their communities or would feel guilty if they did not observe Ramadan. Each year, about 400 million out of 1 billion Muslims do this duty. Such tasks like eating, drinking, and smoking are forbidden from sunrise until sunset. Fasting during pregnancy has been always considered as a debatable condition. Many women ask their obstetricians if fasting is safe for their baby or not? There have been many studies on metabolic changes and different aspects of human health during and after Ramadan .but there have been few studies on the effect of fasting on pregnancy outcome and there are also some controversies in the findings of different studies. All mothers within the age range of 20 - 35 years and in the 3rd trimester pregnancy (starting from 28 weeks) which is going to be calculated according to the date of the last menstrual period & confirmed ultrasonically, normal healthy women with average body mass index (BMI) and Women included have no medical disorder. Women who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were subjected an ultrasound fetal biometry every 2 weeks till delivery and assess fetal weight after delivery.

Official Title
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The Effect of 3rd Trimester Ramdan Fasting on Obestetric Outcome

Conditions
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Fasting, Fetal Growth Retardation, Antenatal (Disorder)

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Fasting


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age from 20 - 35 years. Third trimester pregnancy (starting from 28 weeks) which is going to be calculated according to the date of the last menstrual period & confirmed by ultrasonography. Normal healthy women with average body mass index (BMI). Normal range (18.5 to 25). Women included have no medical disorder. Exclusion Criteria: History of systemic disorder. Smoking narcotics or alcohol use. Have previous history of fetal loss. Multiple pregnancies.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Totally fasting<br>Fasting each day from sunrise to sunset the whole month | Behavioral: Fasting<br>* Totally or partially fasting the holy month of ramadan for muslims<br>|
| Partially fasting<br>means fasting from sunrise to sunset part of the month | Behavioral: Fasting<br>* Totally or partially fasting the holy month of ramadan for muslims<br>|
| Non fasting<br>women who did not fast at all | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fetal growth | assessment of the fetal growth biometry ( estimated fetal weight) every two weeks, | through study completion ( from 28 weeks pregnancy till delivery) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| neonatal weight | measured in grams after delivery | at the time of delivery of each participant | 
| mode of delivery | percentages of emergency CS due to presumed fetal compromise | at the time of delivery of each participant |