Study of Affective Forecasting Skills in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a marked tendency to have exaggerated and persistent negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world . Although posttraumatic stress symptoms have been shown to be associated with a tendency to negatively anticipate the future, affective forecasting skills (i.e., the ability to predict one's own emotional reactions in response to a future event) have never been explored in PTSD . The hypothesis that the PTSD is associated with a negative affective forecasting bias, characterized by a tendency to predict more intense emotional responses to future negative events.

Official Title
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Autonomic and Subjective Correlates of Affective Forecasting Skills in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Conditions
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Experimental: group comparison


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Understanding and being able to express themselves in French Understanding of informed consent and signature of the study participation form Giving informed, dated and signed consent Benefiting from health insurance coverage Normal or corrected visual and auditory acuity to achieve normality Group 1 : DSM-5 PTSD criteria, assessed using CAPS and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5, Weathers & al., 2013) Group 2: PTSD Criteria A only Exclusion Criteria: Refusal of participation after clear and fair information on the study. Visual or auditory sensory disability to participate in the study. Personal history of neurological disease or current neurological disease. Personal history of current psychiatric disorder or psychiatric disorder (excluding PTSD in patients in the experimental group), assessed via the MINI. Pregnant or breastfeeding women Consumption of toxic substances other than tobacco and alcohol. Minors or adults under guardianship, under judicial protection, persons deprived of liberty. Groups 2 and 3: personal history of psychiatric disorder or current psychiatric disorder and taking psychotropic drugs Group 1: personal history of psychiatric disorders or current psychiatric disorders other than anxiety, depressive, trauma and stress-related disorders and treatment with psychotropic drugs not stabilized

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD.<br> | Behavioral: Experimental: group comparison<br>* Standardized psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview MINI) State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1993) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, 1998) Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Jermann & al., 2006) Participant installation and testing: 2 stages (forecasting on a computer, and exposure in virtual reality) Task / affective forecasting: Step 1: forecasting about one's own emotional responses regarding pleasant, neutral and unpleasant scenarios Step 2: experience of the same scenarios in virtual reality<br>|
| Group 2: Healthy controls who experienced a traumatic event but did not meet DSM-5 criteria for PTSD<br> | Behavioral: Experimental: group comparison<br>* Standardized psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview MINI) State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1993) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, 1998) Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Jermann & al., 2006) Participant installation and testing: 2 stages (forecasting on a computer, and exposure in virtual reality) Task / affective forecasting: Step 1: forecasting about one's own emotional responses regarding pleasant, neutral and unpleasant scenarios Step 2: experience of the same scenarios in virtual reality<br>|
| Group 3: Healthy controls who did not experience a traumatic event<br> | Behavioral: Experimental: group comparison<br>* Standardized psychiatric interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview MINI) State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1993) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II, 1998) Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Jermann & al., 2006) Participant installation and testing: 2 stages (forecasting on a computer, and exposure in virtual reality) Task / affective forecasting: Step 1: forecasting about one's own emotional responses regarding pleasant, neutral and unpleasant scenarios Step 2: experience of the same scenarios in virtual reality<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| difference of arousal assessments measured using the Self-Assessment Manikin between the prediction and emotional experience phases | To compare the subjective affective forecasting bias between the PTSD group and the two control groups | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| subjective correlates of the affective forecasting bias associated with PTSD changes in: valence scores. | valence scores using the Self-Assessment Manikin (Likert-type scale ranging from 1 [very unpleasant] to 9 [very pleasant]) | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 
| autonomic correlates of the affective prediction bias associated with PTSD: changes in the skin conductance response and heart rate. | changes in the skin conductance response and heart rate assessed using a BIOPAC (System, inc). | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 
| link between PTSD symptomatology and affective forecasting bias | PTSD symptomatology assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 
| link and correlation coefficients between biases measured at the neurovegetative (changes in heart rate and skin conductance) and subjective levels (arousal and valence ratings from the Self-Assessment Manikin) in PTSD |  | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 
| link and correlation coefficients between affective forecasting bias and emotion regulation skills within each group | affective forecasting bias and emotion regulation skills, assessed using the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 
| link and correlation coefficients between affective forecasting bias and anxiety and depression | anxiety and depression, respectively assessed using the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), within each group | During the experimental task (2 hours) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Emotion, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Affective forecasting, Virtual reality, Autonomic nervous system, Electrodermal activity