Prenatal Multi-micronutrient Supplementation and Pregnancy Outcome

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Prenatal maternal micronutrient supplementation has been suggested as a means to reduce the proportion of low birth weight babies in low-income countries. The effects of prenatal multi-micronutrient supplements on birth weight and perinatal mortality were studied in a randomised controlled trial among 2100 pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau. Women up to 37 weeks pregnant were individually randomised to daily supplements until delivery of A) Iron + folic acid or multi-micronutrients in B) One or C) Two recommended dietary allowances. Secondary outcomes were infant growth and maternal haemoglobin eight weeks after delivery.

Detailed Description
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Prenatal maternal micronutrient supplementation has been suggested as a means to reduce the proportion of low birth weight babies in low-income countries. The effects of prenatal multi-micronutrient supplements on birth weight and perinatal mortality were studied in a randomised controlled trial among 2100 pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau. Women up to 37 weeks pregnant were individually randomised to daily supplements until delivery of identically looking tablets containing 1) Iron (60 mg) + folate (400 µg), 2) One recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 5 minerals and 10 vitamins, including iron (30 mg) and folate (400 µg), or 3) Two RDA's of 5 minerals and 10 vitamins, including iron (30 mg) and folate (800 µg). Supplements were provided in known excess at fortnightly home visits until delivery. Compliance was assessed by tablet count. Women were interviewed about age, civil status, obstetric history and socio-economic status at enrolment. Maternal anthropometry was measured at enrolment, at delivery, and eight weeks after delivery. Maternal malaria parasitaemia and haemoglobin were measured at enrolment and eight weeks after delivery. Maternal status of a wide range of micronutrients was assessed at enrolment and eight weeks after delivery in a sub-cohort of 600 women. Further, survival of the infants will be followed until 3 years of age, within the routines of the Bandim Health Project surveillance system. Women were provided impregnated bed nets and weekly malaria prophylaxis until delivery. Women with high malaria parasitaemia at enrolment were in addition given a full treatment at enrolment. Sample size considerations: A sample size of 638 women in each treatment group will be required to detect a reduction in perinatal mortality from 9% to 5% or less in a treatment group using 80% power and a 5% significance level. With an expected loss to follow up of 10%, 2100 women are required. With a sample size of 2100 the study will be able to detect at least 75 g difference, i.e. a 2.5% change in birth weight.

Official Title
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The Effects of Prenatal Multi-micronutrient Supplements on Pregnancy Outcome, Peri- and Neonatal Mortality on Maternal and Infant Nutritional Status: A Randomised, Controlled Trial Among Women in Guinea-Bissau

Conditions
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Pregnancy, Birth Weight

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: multi micronutrient supplement
* Dietary Supplement: MN1
* Dietary Supplement: MN2


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Pregnant women Exclusion Criteria: >37 weeks of gestational at enrollment
Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: FeFol<br>Iron (60 mg) and folic acid (400 ug), standard of care | Dietary Supplement: multi micronutrient supplement<br> <br> |
| Experimental: MN1<br>1 RDA of 15 micronutrients, including iron (30 mg) and folic acid (400 ug) Vitamin A 800 μg RE, Vitamin D 200 IU, Vitamin E 10 mg, Vitamin B1 1.4 mg, Vitamin B2 1.4 mg, Niacin 18 mg, Folic acid 400 μg, Vitamin B6 1.9 mg, Vitamin B12 2.6 μg, Vitamin C 70 mg, Zinc 15 mg, Iron 30 mg, Copper 2.0 mg, Selenium 65 μg, Iodine 150 μg | Dietary Supplement: MN1<br>* Vitamin A 800 μg RE, Vitamin D 200 IU, Vitamin E 10 mg, Vitamin B1 1.4 mg, Vitamin B2 1.4 mg, Niacin 18 mg, Folic acid 400 μg, Vitamin B6 1.9 mg, Vitamin B12 2.6 μg, Vitamin C 70 mg, Zinc 15 mg, Iron 30 mg, Copper 2.0 mg, Selenium 65 μg, Iodine 150 μg<br>|
| Experimental: MN2<br>2 RDA of 14 micronutrients including iron (30 mg) and folic acid (800 ug) Vitamin A 1600 μg RE, Vitamin D 400 IU, Vitamin E 20 mg, Vitamin B1 2.8 mg, Vitamin B2 2.8 mg, Niacin 36 mg, Folic acid 800 μg, Vitamin B6 3.8 mg, Vitamin B12 5.2 μg, Vitamin C 140 mg, Zinc 30 mg, Iron 30 mg, Copper 4.0 mg, Selenium 130 μg, Iodine 300 μg | Dietary Supplement: MN2<br>* Vitamin A 1600 μg RE, Vitamin D 400 IU, Vitamin E 20 mg, Vitamin B1 2.8 mg, Vitamin B2 2.8 mg, Niacin 36 mg, Folic acid 800 μg, Vitamin B6 3.8 mg, Vitamin B12 5.2 μg, Vitamin C 140 mg, Zinc 30 mg, Iron 30 mg, Copper 4.0 mg, Selenium 130 μg, Iodine 300 μg<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Birth weight (<3 days) |  |  | 
| Perinatal mortality |  |  | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maternal haemoglobin (8 weeks pp) |  |  | 
| Maternal anthropometry (8 weeks pp) |  |  | 
| Infant growth (8 weeks pp) |  |  | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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micronutrient supplementation, pregnancy, birth weight, perinatal mortality