Effect of Aging & Obesity With Exercise Intervention

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Obesity leads to a vicious circle that increases intramuscular fat, insulin resistance, promotes muscular dysfunction resulting in increased muscle fat accumulation. The study of muscle function and intramyocellular lipids is insufficient for obesity. Particularly, the study of mechanisms in muscle function and intramyocellular lipids is few nationally and internationally.

Detailed Description
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This study is prospective study. The goal of this study is To examine the distribution and contractile properties (cross-sectional area, maximal force, specific force, maximal shortening velocity) of single muscle fiber sex/Myosin heavy chain (MHC) type-related differences, by extracting a single muscle fiber from the vastus lateralis in young men and women. To examine the effects of intramyocellular lipids on physical activity ability, muscle dysfunction, and metabolic disorders in relation to aging and obesity. To examine the effects of intramyocellular lipids on physical activity ability, muscular dysfunction, and metabolic disorders after 12 weeks resistance exercise intervention.

Official Title
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Biphasic and Combined Effect of Aging & Obesity With Development of Effective Exercise Intervention Protocol

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance exercise with a gym stick


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Young men: Age (20-35 yrs), BMI (19-23 Kg/m2) Young women: Age (20-35 yrs), BMI (19-23 Kg/m2) Elderly women: Age (65-80 yrs), BMI (19-23 Kg/m2) Elderly obese women: Age (65-80 yrs), BMI ( >25 Kg/m2) Subjects who can agree voluntarily. Exclusion Criteria: Acute coronary syndrome. Uncontrolled hypertension. Subjects who took drugs which can affects neuromuscular system. Severely impaired cognition Subjects who cannot agree voluntarily

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Young men<br>Range of age is 20-35 years, young men (BMI 19-23 Kg/m2) They did not suffer from musculoskeletal or metabolic diseases, and had not performed regular exercise within the previous 3 months. | |
| No Intervention: Young women<br>Range of age is 20-35 years, young women (BMI 19-23 Kg/m2) They did not suffer from musculoskeletal or metabolic diseases, and had not performed regular exercise within the previous 3 months. | |
| Experimental: Elderly women (control)<br>Range of age is 65-80 years, Elderly women (BMI 19-23 Kg/m2) They did not suffer from musculoskeletal or metabolic diseases, and had not performed regular exercise within the previous 3 months. | Other: Resistance exercise with a gym stick<br>* Exercise intervention: The resistance exercise intervention is performed with a gym stick for 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Exercise load is gradually increased by the number of times the band is wound and the speed of motion by dividing into three stages in 1-4 weeks (1st stage), 5-8 weeks (2nd stage) and 9-12 weeks (3rd stage).<br>* Other names: Exercise training;|
| Experimental: Elderly obese women<br>Range of age is 65-80 years,Elderly obese women (BMI ≥25 Kg/m2) They did not suffer from musculoskeletal or metabolic diseases, and had not performed regular exercise within the previous 3 months. | Other: Resistance exercise with a gym stick<br>* Exercise intervention: The resistance exercise intervention is performed with a gym stick for 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Exercise load is gradually increased by the number of times the band is wound and the speed of motion by dividing into three stages in 1-4 weeks (1st stage), 5-8 weeks (2nd stage) and 9-12 weeks (3rd stage).<br>* Other names: Exercise training;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Total droplet area | Change from baseline total droplet area to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Total droplet area is determined by Oil-red-O staining. After staining, the total area (µm2) is analyzed to compare the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Number of lipid droplets | Change from baseline number of lipid droplets to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Number of lipid droplets determined by Oil-red-O staining. After staining, number of lipid droplets is analyzed to compare the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Single muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) | Change from baseline CSA to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Chemically skinned vastus lateralis muscle fiber CSA (µm2) is measured by 3 dimensional microscopy. after analysis, CSA is compared the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Single muscle fiber maximal force (Po) | Change from baseline Po to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Chemically skinned vastus lateralis muscle fiber Po (mN) is measured by slack test procedure. after measurement, Po is analyzed to compare the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Single muscle fiber specific force (SF) | Change from baseline SF to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Chemically skinned vastus lateralis muscle fiber SF (kN/m2) is Po (kN) normalized by cross-sectional area (m2). SF is analyzed to compare the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Single muscle fiber maximal shortening velocity (Vo) | Change from baseline Vo to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Chemically skinned vastus lateralis muscle fiber Vo (FL/s) is measured by slack test procedure. The time required to take up the imposed slack was measured from the onset of the length step to the beginning of the tension redevelopment . For each amplitude of length, the ﬁber was reextended while relaxed to minimize nonuniformity of sarcomere length. A straight line was presented to a plot of length vs. time, using least-squares regression, and the slope of the line divided by the segment length was recorded as Vo for that ﬁber. Vo is analyzed to compare the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Single muscle fiber MHC type distribution | Change from baseline fiber type distribution to 12 weeks after initial assessment. The MHC composition of single fibers was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). MHC type distribution is analyzed to compare the change after intervention from baseline. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hand grip strength | Change from baseline hand grip strength to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Participants are tested while they were seated, their arms are against their sides, their elbows are flexed 90 degrees. Hand grip Strength is measured in kilograms (kg) using a hand-grip dynamometer. The maximum value from either hand is used for analysis. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 
| Isokinetic knee extension strength | Change from baseline Knee extension strength to 12 weeks after initial assessment. Isokinetic knee extension strength is measured in as peak torque achieved on an isokinetic dynamometer (BTE Primus, BTE tech, MD, USA) at 60° per second. | Before intervention / after 12weeks intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Aging, Obesity, Single muscle fiber contractile properties, Intramyocellular lipids, Resistance exercise