Critical Respiratory Diseases in Ex-preterm Infants in PICU

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years old worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Premature infants who survive are at greater risk of a range of short-term and long-term health consequences. Common long-term health morbidities among children who are born prematurely include cerebral palsy, infections (particularly respiratory infections), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, feeding difficulties, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, visual and hearing problems. Re-hospitalization occurs frequently during first few years of life among ex-premature infants with respiratory illness. This leads to increased financial burden for health care system and families. The impact of prematurity on the health care system, especially on pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) has mainly been evaluated in high income countries. Little is known about long term health outcomes of ex-premature infants and their impact on the cost to health care system in low- and middle-income countries. This pilot, single institution, observational study aims to determine the prevalence, course of the diseases, and outcomes of ex-premature infants with respiratory illnesses who are admitted to a PICU of a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam. Investigators will determine the epidemiology of respiratory illness, and the resource utilization for these children in the PICU. To achieve these aims, the investigators will prospectively screen and recruit all children aged less than 2 years old admitted to the PICU with respiratory illness/failure and collect pertinent clinical data. The study participants will be follow-up until PICU discharge.

Official Title
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The Epidemiology of Critical Respiratory Diseases in Ex-preterm Infants Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care in Vietnam

Conditions
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Infant, Premature, Diseases, Respiratory Disease, Respiratory Failure, Premature Birth

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All patients aged ≤ 2 year olds with respiratory diseases admitted to pediatric intensive care unit of Vietnam National Children's Hospital Exclusion Criteria: Nil

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Days
Maximum Age: 2 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percentage of ex-premature infants aged < 2 years admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) | The percentage of ex-premature patients to the total number of patients aged ≤ 2 years age admitted to PICU over a defined period | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 
| Percentage of ex- premature infants aged < 2 years admitted to PICU with critical respiratory diseases. | The percentage of ex-premature patients to the total number of patients aged ≤ 2 years age with respiratory illness admitted to PICU over a defined period | Through study completion, an average of 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Percentage of identified pathogens of critical respiratory diseases among study participants | Proportion of identified etiologies of critical respiratory diseases among participants will be reported | Up to 60 days | 
| Number of participants with all-cause mortality | The number of participants who died due to any cause while on the treatment will be assessed | Up to 60 days | 
| Time from start to end of mechanical ventilation | Time from start to end of mechanical ventilation will be measure | Up to 60 days | 
| Time from pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission to PICU discharge | The duration for how long the participant remained in the PICU that is the time from PICU admission to PICU discharge will be measured | Up to 60 days | 
| Percentage of participants receiving mechanical ventilation support | Percentage of participants receiving mechanical ventilation support will be reported. Mechanical ventilation support include invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation. | Up to 60 days | 
| Percentage of participants receiving diagnostic imaging services | Percentage of participants receiving diagnostic imaging services will be reported. Diagnostic imaging services include chest x-ray, chest computer tomography, cardiac ultrasound. | Up to 60 days | 
| Percentage of participants receiving microbiological diagnostics | Percentage of participants receiving microbiological diagnostics will be reported. Microbiological diagnostics include bacterial cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests | Up to 60 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Respiratory Diseases, ex-prematurity, Respiratory Failure, Pediatric Intensive Care