Neuromuscular Deficits in Jump-Landing Technique in Young Basketball

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Basketball is a team sport that requires specific motor skills to develop different technical-tactical actions. Within the specific movements, landings after a jump are very common and require optimal technical performance, good stability and symmetry. Alterations in these components have been linked to an increased risk of injury. The objective of the present study is to identify functional alterations in the jump / landing technique that basketball players present. Cross-sectional study carried out from Septembre to Juny. The participants were basketball players aged 12 to 14 years. The main variables were: ankle stability, dynamic knee valgus, central stability, symmetry of the lower extremities. The tests used were: Abalakov Test, Single Hop Test for distance, Single-leg vertical countermovement jump test, Cross Over Hop test, One Leg Balance Test.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Basketball is a team sport that requires specific motor skills to develop different technical-tactical actions. Within the specific movements, landings after a jump are very common and require optimal technical performance, good stability and symmetry. Alterations in these components have been linked to an increased risk of injury. The objective of the present study is to identify functional alterations in the jump / landing technique that basketball players present. A cross-sectional study carried out from Septembre to Juny. The participants were basketball players aged 12 to 14 years. The main variables were: ankle stability, dynamic knee valgus, central stability, symmetry of the lower extremities. The tests used were: Abalakov Test, Single Hop Test for distance, Single-leg vertical countermovement jump test, Cross Over Hop test, One Leg Balance Test.

Official Title
-----------------
Neuromuscular Deficits in Jump-Landing Technique in Young Basketball: a Cross-sectional Observational Study

Conditions
-----------------
Sport Injury, Motor Skills Disorders, Biomechanical Lesions

Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age from 12 years to 14 years at testing (both included). To be actively competing during the study. Voluntarily sign the informed consent form. Not meet the exclusion criteria. Exclusion Criteria: Presented any injury (overuse or acute) at the time of testing. Psychological or psychiatric diseases diagnosed. Oncological diseases diagnosed. Did not attend on the day of the assessment.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 14 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------
What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ankle stability | The ability of the player to maintain the monopodal position throughout the test and at the same time perform the jumps continuously without compensating with small jumps to stabilize was evaluated with the Cross Over Hop test and Single Hop Test for distance. It was recorded with a frontal and lateral filming device. The results were subsequently analyzed. | 1 year | 
| Dynamic lower extremity valgus | It was evaluated with the Abalakov Test and the Single Hop test for distance. For this purpose, two filming devices were placed, one frontal and one lateral. For the detection of dynamic valgus at landing, the angle formed between the femur and the tibia was looked at. The results were subsequently analyzed with the recording obtained. | 1 year | 
| Dynamic postural control | The Abalakov Test, Single Hop Test for distance and the Single-leg vertical countermovement jump test were used to observe the trunk alignment during the jump taking the hip and shoulder girdle as reference. For this purpose, two filming devices were placed in frontal and lateral positions. The results were subsequently analyzed with the recording obtained. | 1 year | 
| Symmetry | From the distance obtained in the Single Hop for distance Test, the Symmetry Index was calculated through the formula: (Distance dominant limb/Distance non-dominant limb)*100. | 1 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Age | Years | 1 year | 
| Gender | Female or male | 1 year | 
| Weight | A scale accurate to +100 kg was used. The weight of the subject, barefoot and in training clothes, was recorded in Kg. | 1 year | 
| Height | A centimeter tape placed on the wall was used. The height was recorded in meters. For this purpose, the player stood barefoot and with the back of the heels, shoulders and head in contact with the wall. Maintaining an upright position, the entire sole of the foot in contact with the floor, and looking straight ahead. | 1 year | 
| Wingspan | A centimeter tape attached to the wall in a horizontal position at the height of each player's shoulders was used. The subject was positioned barefoot and with the back of the heels, shoulders and head in contact with the wall. The arms were placed in 90o abduction, with slight external rotation, thumbs up and hand open. Always maintaining an upright position, the entire sole of the foot in contact with the floor, and the gaze facing forward. The result was recorded in meters. | 1 year | 
| Speed | It was evaluated with the 30m sprint test and a stopwatch was used to record the time (in seconds) it took the player to run 30 meters in a straight line at the fastest possible speed. Two attempts were made and the best time was recorded. For the test to be valid, the player did not have to start the race before the starting signal, nor had to have the foot advanced beyond the starting line. | 1 year | 
| Agility | The Lane Agility Test drill was used. The time (in seconds) it took the player to traverse the rectangle formed by the 4 cones, first in one direction and then in the other, was timed. | 1 year | 
| Power | It was evaluated with the Single-leg vertical countermovement jump test and the Chronojump force platform. Lower extremity power was recorded in watts. | 1 year | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Basketball, Physical Therapy, Youth athletes, Movement