One Week of Magnesium Supplementation Lowers IL-6, Perceived Pain and Increases Post Exercise Blood Glucose in Response to Downhill Running

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study investigated the effect of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance and functional recovery in recreational endurance athletes in conjunction with measures of blood glucose, lactate, IL-6 and sIL-6R.

Detailed Description
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Magnesium status can directly affect circulating glucose concentrations both during and post exercise. In addition, magnesium supplementation has been shown to reduce circulating IL-6 concentrations post exercise in humans. It is conceivable that such observations are linked through the role of IL-6 in glucose regulation, possibly in combination with sIL-6R. Together, magnesium intake may have the potential to effect exercise performance and recovery through glucose availability. This in turn may be connected to the production of IL-6 and sIL-6R which have been established to influence exercise fatigue and perception of pain (muscle soreness).

Official Title
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One Week of Magnesium Supplementation Lowers IL-6, Perceived Pain and Increases Post Exercise Blood Glucose in Response to Downhill Running

Conditions
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Magnesium Deficiency

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Magnesium oxide
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Regular recreational runner, running around 3 times per week Capable of running 10 km in   40 minutes. Exclusion Criteria: Any signs or symptoms of cardiovascular issues. Any recent form of injury or illness. Currently, or in the last 3 months, have consumed multivitamin supplements Currently, or in the last 3 months, have consumed anti-inflammatory medications.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: High magnesium diet (SUP condition)<br>Participants followed a low magnesium diet <260mg/day and consumed 500 mg/day of magnesium oxide. This was separated into 3 capsules, which were consumed at 6 hr intervals each day (8am, 2pm and 8pm). The supplementation period was 1 week. | Dietary Supplement: Magnesium oxide<br>* Magnesium capsule<br>|
| Experimental: Low magnesium diet (CON condition)<br>Participants followed a low magnesium diet <260mg/day and consumed 500 mg/day of placebo (cornflour). This was separated into 3 capsules, which were consumed at 6 hr intervals each day (8am, 2pm and 8pm). The supplementation period was 1 week. | Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br>* Cornflour capsule manufactured to mimic the 166.6 mg magnesium capsule.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Downhill 10 km treadmill time trial performance | Maximal 10 km time trial performance on a treadmill | 1 day | 
| 24 hr post exercise maximal force testing of the dominant leg on the isokinetic dynamometer | Maximal force produced from the dominant leg (eccentric and concentric) on an isokinetic dynamometer. | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Glucose | Capillary blood samples at rest, during, immediately post, 1 hr post and 24 hrs post 10 km downhill time-trial. A Biosen analyser was used to analyse glucose concentrations. | up to 2 days | 
| Interleukin-6 | Venous blood samples at rest, immediately post, 1hr post and 24 hrs 10 km downhill time trial. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyse interleukin-6. | up to 2 days | 
| Soluble interleukin-6 receptor | Venous blood samples at rest, immediately post, 1hr post and 24 hrs 10 km downhill time trial. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyse soluble interleukin-6. | up to 2 days | 
| Perceived muscle soreness | A 10cm visual analogue scale was used to assess perceived muscle soreness, the scale started at 0 (no pain) and finished at 10 (unbearable pain) | up to 4 days | 
| Lactate | Capillary blood samples at rest, during, immediately post, 1 hr post and 24 hrs post 10 km downhill time-trial. A Biosen analyser was used to analyse lactate concentrations. | up to 2 days | 
| Creatine kinase | Venous blood samples at rest, immediately post, 1hr post and 24 hrs 10 km downhill time trial. A Reflotron analyser was used to analyse creatine kinase concentrations. | up to 2 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Magnesium, Supplementation, Interleukin-6, Soluble interleukin-6 receptor, Glucose, Pain, Exercise performance, Exercise recovery, Downhill running