Study of the Genome, Gut Metagenome and Diet of Patients With Incident Parkinson's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A case-control study to identify microbiome and genetic differences between healthy subjects and patients with incident Parkinson's disease.

Detailed Description
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Two groups of subjects - one including healthy individuals and the other - treatment-naive patients with incident Parkinson's disease - will fill in the food frequency questionnaire, SF-36 questionnaire, HADS questionnaire and the physical activity questionnaire. All subjects must have 0-3 points on Hoehn and Yahr scale and more than 22 points on MoCA scale. DNA microarray genotyping will be used to process the DNA samples of the participants. The data on the composition of the participants' gut microbiota will be obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing of their stool samples.

Official Title
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Study of the Genome, Gut Metagenome and Diet of Patients With Incident Parkinson's Disease

Conditions
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Parkinson Disease, Genetic Predisposition

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: 16S rRNA gene sequencing
* Genetic: DNA-microarray genotyping


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men and women aged 45 years and over who have been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease Subject signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Gastroenterological diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, gallbladder diseases (calculous cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc.) that are not related to functional disorders, a liver diseases or pancreas in medical history Exacerbations of chronic gastroenterological diseases Mental illness Oncology diseases Mental disorders Rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases Acute infectious diseases or exacerbation of any diseases Recent (<3 months) administration of proton pump inhibitors, antimicrobial therapy or surgical intervention Recent (<3 weeks) use of probiotics, antacids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, laxatives Recent (<14 days) administration of laxatives (excluding prucaloprid) Recent (< 3 months) surgical intervention Pregnancy, planning to be pregnant or breast feeding at any point during the study or study enrollment Current alcohol/drug abuse (more than 3 points for women and 4 for men according to AUDIT-C questionnaire and/or more than 7 points on the AUDIT questionnaire) or addiction therapy within 12 months prior to screening Planned relocation from the home region during the study Stroke in medical history Any surgical intervention in the central nervous system Morbid obesity, BMI> 35 kg / m2 A medical history of carriage or disease associated with a history of human immunodeficiency viruses, hepatitis B, C or Treponema pallidum The patient's inability to understand the essence of the study and agree to participate in it. MoCA scores <22 4-5 stage of the disease according to the Hen and Yara scale Severe somatic pathologies or any factors that, in the opinion of the doctor, may prevent the patient from being included in the study A medical history of serious head injuries Rheumatoid arthritis Tuberculosis

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Diagnosed Parkinson's disease<br>Patients with incident Parkinson's disease | Diagnostic Test: 16S rRNA gene sequencing<br>* Taking a stool sample for gut microbiome DNA sequencing<br>Genetic: DNA-microarray genotyping<br>* Taking a saliva sample for genotyping<br>|
| Control<br>Volunteers without diagnosed Parkinson's disease not meeting the exclusion criteria | Diagnostic Test: 16S rRNA gene sequencing<br>* Taking a stool sample for gut microbiome DNA sequencing<br>Genetic: DNA-microarray genotyping<br>* Taking a saliva sample for genotyping<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gut microbiome composition of participants | Bacterial relative abundance obtained via sequencing the DNA extracted from the stool sample | Baseline | 
| Genotypes of participants | High-throughput SNP profiling obtained via DNA-microarray genotyping of the DNA extracted from the saliva sample | Baseline | 
| Hoehn, Yahr scale | The Hoehn and Yahr scale defining five basic stages of PD progression (0-5) | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Physical activity questionnaire | Physical Activity Questionnaire - information on physical activity comprising 16 questions grouped in four domains: activity at work (1), travel to and from places (2), recreational activities (3), sedentary behaviour (4). | Baseline | 
| Food frequency questionnaire | Food frequency questionnaire assesses usual intake and portion size of more than 130 foods and beverages and more than 25 dietary supplements for the last 12 months. Responses are evaluated and analyzed to assess a dietary pattern for each group of subjects. | 12 months before baseline | 
| Change in Stool consistency | The Bristol stool scale is a diagnostic medical metric designed to classify the form of human faeces into seven categories | Baseline | 
| Change in Stool frequency | Change in the number of stool per week | Baseline | 
| Change in Quality of Life: SF-36 questionnaire | According to SF-36 questionnaire The Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) It is a self-administered questionnaire comprising 36-items measuring eight dimensions of general HRQOL: physical functioning (10 items), role limitation due to physical health problems (4 items), bodily pain (2 items), general health perceptions (5 items), vitality (4 items), social functioning (2 items), role limitations due to emotional problems (3 items), and general mental health (5 items). In addition to scores for individual dimensions, two summary scores assessing physical and mental dimensions of health and well-being can also be calculated: Physical Component Summary (PCS) score and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) score, respectively | Baseline | 
| Psychological distress questionnaire | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) The aim of this study is to measure patients anxiety and depression, using the HADS : Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Scores of the HADS scale can be defined as: By adding the points of the answers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13: we obtain the Total A which corresponds to the measure of the anxiety, then: 7 or less: absence of symptomatology; 8 to 10: doubtful symptomatology; 11 and above: certain symptomatology. By adding the points of the answers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14: we obtain the Total B which corresponds to the measure of the depression, then: 7 or less: absence of symptomatology; 8 to 10: doubtful symptomatology; 11 and above: certain symptomatology. The minimal score is 0 and the maximal total score is 42 | Baseline | 
| MOCA scale questionnaire | The MoCA assesses several cognitive domains: The short-term memory recall task (5 points) involves two learning trials of five nouns and delayed recall after approximately five minutes. Visuospatial abilities are assessed using a clock-drawing task (3 points) and a three-dimensional cube copy (1 point). Multiple aspects of executive functions are assessed using an alternation task adapted from the trail-making B task (1 point), a phonemic fluency task (1 point), and a two-item verbal abstraction task (2 points). Attention, concentration, and working memory are evaluated using a sustained attention task (target detection using tapping; 1 point), a serial subtraction task (3 points), and digits forward and backward (1 point each). Language is assessed using a three-item confrontation naming task with low-familiarity animals (lion, camel, rhinoceros; 3 points), repetition of two syntactically complex sentences (2 points), and the aforementioned fluency task. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Microbiome, FFQ, Gut Microbiota, Parkinson's disease, Genetics, GPAQ, HADS, MOCA