Sleep Extension and Behavior of Young Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This pseudo-randomized intervention study examined change in inhibitory control following a sleep manipulation in which children with and without ADHD were instructed to advance their bedtime by 90 minutes for five days.

Detailed Description
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a sleep extension intervention in young children with ADHD and determine whether sleep extension improves inhibitory control, a primary deficit in ADHD. Design: Children with and without ADHD completed two 5-day assessments: a baseline condition in which children followed their normal bedtime routine and a sleep extension condition in which children were instructed to go to bed 90 minutes earlier than their habitual bedtime. Sleep was assessed with actigraphy and, on the final night, polysomnography. A Go/No-Go task was used to assess inhibitory control. Setting: Participants slept in their home on nights 1-4 and in the sleep laboratory on night 5 of each condition. Main Outcomes and Measures: Of interest is actigraph measurement of total sleep time for the baseline compared to the sleep extension condition. Polysomnography will be used to compared changes in sleep physiology. The primary behavioral outcome is inhibitory control, indexed by accuracy on No-Go trials in the Go/No-Go task.

Official Title
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Effects of Sleep Extension on Sleep Physiology and Behavior of Young Children

Conditions
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Sleep Extension


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: A subset of children were required to have an ADHD diagnosis Exclusion Criteria: diagnosis of intellectual disabilities or developmental delay current diagnosis of history of sleep disorder uncorrected hearing or visual impairments

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 9 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants are assigned to the ADHD or Typically Developing group based on diagnosis history. Each then completes the intervention (EXTENSION) either preceded or followed by a week of baseline sleep (CONTROL). The order is pseudo-randomized.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: EXTENSION<br>During the extension condition, caregivers were instructed to put their child to bed 90 minutes earlier than their habitual bedtime for five consecutive nights. Caregivers were provided a list of tips to aid in implementing the earlier bedtime. | Behavioral: Sleep Extension<br>* Child attempted to go to bed 90 mins in advance of their normal bedtime.<br>|
| No Intervention: CONTROL<br>Children followed their normal bedtime routine for five consecutive nights. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| total sleep time | average nightly across 5 nights | 5 days (actigraph watch is worn for 5 days in each condition and overnight sleep time is identified and averaged across these 5 days) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| inhibitory control | measured with the Go/NoGo task | measured before and after sleep - about 12 hrs |