The Causal Impact of Online Social Media on Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The overall objective of this research is to collect data for understanding whether messages in online environments impact fitness attitudes and behaviors. In particular, the study aims to experimentally examine what features of online social media - promotional messaging or peer networks - impact offline fitness measures (such fitness workshop enrollment and self-reported physical activity level). The study partners with an existing fitness program at a large northeastern university, which provides a 13-week fitness program for graduate and professional students at the university. The program begins with a university-run eligibility assessment of specific fitness measures for all participants, who win prizes for improvements in program participation and health behavior outcomes. The fitness program consists of semester-long series of workshops offered through the university's recreation department. The randomized trial constructs an online social media platform for the fitness program that provides a way to send either promotion health messages or messages about peer activities to the online community.

Detailed Description
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Sedentary lifestyle among university students and young adults has become a global epidemic. Widespread use of social media is both a contributing factor, and a potential solution; however the cost-effective use of social media to promote fitness on college campuses is poorly understood. This study aims to identify what features of social media - promotional messaging or peer networks - can increase physical activity levels. In this randomized controlled trial, participants are randomized to three conditions: basic online program for enrolling in university-run weekly fitness workshops, media condition that supplements the basic program with promotional media messages, and a social condition that replaces the media content with a network of peers. Participants are limited to graduate and professional students at a large northeastern university.

Official Title
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The Causal Impact of Online Social Media on Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Physical Activity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Media-assisted fitness program
* Behavioral: Social network-assisted fitness program
* Behavioral: Basic fitness program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Graduate and professional students at a large northeastern university. Logging in to the study website at least once after online registration Exclusion Criteria: Inability to perform physical activities (e.g., broken limbs), and underlying diseases that were likely to affect participant safety. Ineligibility is determined by the Department of Recreation and Health Services at the university.
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Basic fitness program<br>The control condition provides study participants with online tools for enrolling in offline fitness workshops offered by the university's recreation department and recording their progress in the program. All fitness workshops are pre-programmed in an online calendar. Upon clicking a workshop, participants can read a detailed description and register for it directly on the calendar. The registration then triggers a confirmation email sent to the participant immediately and a reminder email 12 hours before the workshop starts. In addition, an online tracking tool is built that participants can use to keep a daily journal of their health activities and fitness status. | Behavioral: Basic fitness program<br>* Participants can register workshops online and track program participation.<br>* Other names: Control condition;|
| Experimental: Media-assisted fitness program<br>The media condition evaluates the effects of informational and motivational messages on physical activity by supplementing the basic program tools with promotional media, including: high arousal videos encouraging physical activity, real-time email notifications about upcoming fitness workshops, and informational graphics with exercise tips and motivational messages. In the media condition, participants receive two videos on the website and one informational graphic that encourage physical activity on a weekly basis. | Behavioral: Media-assisted fitness program<br>* Participants can register workshops online, track program participation, and receive promotional health messages online.<br>* Other names: Media condition;|
| Experimental: Social network-assisted fitness program<br>The social condition, by contrast, omits the media content. Instead, the basic program is supplemented with a network of four to six anonymous health peers, composed of other participants of the program. Within the program website, each participant is able to see their peers' basic profile information, as well as information about their peers' progress in the program, and real-time notifications about their peers' completion of program activities. These networks do not provide any added incentives or additional content to promote physical activity, nor can participants directly communicate with, or message their peers through the website. | Behavioral: Social network-assisted fitness program<br>* Participants can register workshops online and track program participation. Participants are put into anonymous online social networks and receive real-time activity updates from 4-6 peers.<br>* Other names: Social condition;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fitness workshop enrollment | Participants' enrollment in fitness workshops is recorded when participants digitally confirm their workshop registration. Workshop instructors confirm the attendance of enrolled participants. Enrollment is assessed up to 3 months from date of randomization. | Up to 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline in participants' self-reported physical activity level | At the baseline and post-program (3 months) online surveys, participants answer the question: On how many of the past 7 days did you participate in physical activity for at least 30 minutes that did not make you sweat or breathe hard, such as fast walking, slow bicycling, and skating? Responses to the question range from 0 to 7. | Baseline and 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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online, social media, online social network, physical activity, message