Adaptation of Mattresses Made With Different Materials to Personal Anthropometry Values and Body Postures

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Sleep disorders affect 40% of the adult population each year and are often associated with morbidity and mortality (Kripke et al., 2002; F.-Z. Low et al., 2017). Sleep quality plays a vital role in the overall quality of our lives. Therefore, a good sleep helps to create a quality life rhythm. A quality sleep reduces fatigue and increases physical regeneration (Khaleghipour et al., 2015). Poor sleep quality is due to various environmental factors such as temperature, light, noise and bed quality (Lei et al., 2009). It has been reported that 7% of sleep problems are caused by inappropriate mattresses that affect the load on the spine during sleep (F. Z. Low et al., 2017). Body contact pressure is a measure of the distribution of body weight across the body surface in contact with the mattress. A well-designed mattress usually has the ability to minimize high pressure points applied to the body. However, if the bed is not suitable for the person, pressure sores may develop in the body parts where pressure is intense (Cullum et al., 2004). The areas most affected by high pressure are usually the hips, shoulders and back, which can affect sleep quality and result in drowsiness or body stiffness throughout the day (Jacobson et al., 2002). A recent study by Bae and Ko compared the bed positions of hospital beds and found that a head-to-foot angle of 30° is the best position to reduce the likelihood of decubitus ulcers occurring in patients in high-pressure risk areas (Bae & Ko, 2013). In the light of previous studies, it has been observed that there is no study comparing many bed types designed using different materials for individual-specific postures. Biomechanical comparison of these bedding materials in individuals with different posture types and sleeping in different sleeping positions will allow us to provide new insights into their pressure distribution abilities. The aim of this study is to measure the effect of mattresses made of different mattress materials on body contact pressure profiles in individuals with different postures in various sleeping positions. It will be evaluated using maximum body pressure and pressure distribution as outcome measures.

Official Title
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Adaptation of Mattresses Made With Different Materials to Personal Anthropometry Values and Body Postures

Conditions
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Body Structure, Altered From Its Original Anatomical Structure, Pressure Ulcer, Sleep Disorder, Spine Degeneration

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Changing behaviour


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Volunteer to participate in research Exclusion Criteria: Having a history of back, shoulder or neck pain in the last 6 weeks Having a surgical operation in the last 8 weeks

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Normal Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|
| Lordotic Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|
| Sway Back Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|
| Hypolordotic Back Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|
| Head Anterior Tilt Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|
| Scoliotic Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|
| Kyphotic Posture<br> | Behavioral: Changing behaviour<br>* Changing the lying position and mattress system<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Measurement of Total Body Pressure | A pressure mat sensor (Pressure Mapping Sensor 5400N, Tekscan, Boston, MA) will first be calibrated on different beds using constant weights and then used to capture body contact pressure profiles in a video format for 6 minutes per stop at a sampling rate. 4 Hz Collected data will be edited in Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA) format for later recording. The posture screen analysis system will be used to determine the posture type of individuals. | 40 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pittsburg Health Quality Index | The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Scale will be used to obtain more detailed data on current sleep quality from individuals (Buysse et al., 1989). | 40 minutes |