Metabolic Abnormalities, Lifestyle and Diet Pattern in Heart Failure

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Metabolic abnormalities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity) and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (e.g., smoking and drinking habits, sedentary behavior, sleep disorder and physical inactivity) and unhealthy diet (e.g., high sugar and high fat) are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases mobility and mortality. The investigators sought to estimate the impact of metabolic abnormalities, lifestyle behavior and diet pattern on prognosis of heart failure. This study planned to consecutively enroll 1,500 participants with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Each heart failure survivors will be followed up for 5 years. Information on metabolic diseases, lifestyle and diet pattern were obtained through standardized questionnaire. The major adverse cardiac events will be identified by reviewing pertinent medical records and discharge lists from the hospitals, or official death certificates collected at local death registration centers, or directly contacting participants' family. The Cox proportional hazard model will be used to assess the association between metabolic risk factors and lifestyle and diet habits and health outcomes in heart failure patients.

Official Title
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Estimation of Metabolic Abnormalities,Lifestyle Behaviors and Diet Pattern in Adults With Heart Failure

Conditions
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Heart Failure, Metabolic Disease

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: aged 14 years or older; typical symptoms of heart failure according to the Framingham criteria; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, demonstrated by echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance, which include either patients with mid-range EF (HFmEF) or with reduced EF (HFrEF) with relevant structural and functional cardiac changes and/or elevated N-terminal pro-brain B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (e.g., ≥400 pg/mL). Exclusion Criteria: age <14 years or ≥90 years; pregnancy; cancer with a life expectancy of less than one year; participation in other trials; endocarditis, pericardial diseases, or congenital heart diseases; heart failure secondary to non-cardiac diseases (e.g., pulmonary heart disease, infection, infiltration, metabolic derangements, severe anemia, sepsis, and arteriovenous fistula); lack of informed consent; refusal of the drug treatment or intervention recommended by the guidelines.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years
Maximum Age: 90 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| a composite of cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization due to subjectively and objectively worsening HF | An independent committee of experts including three physicians reviews all the death certificates and medical records for adjudicating the death cases and all suspected CVD cases biennially from the index episode, via telephone contacting patients' family members or reviewing medical records and the Hospital Discharge Register data. | 5 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cardiovascular mortality | sudden death or deaths due to CVD events | 5 years | 
| hospitalization due to worsening HF | the adjudicated hospitalizations due to subjectively and objectively worsening HF | 5 years |