Automatic Differentiation of Innocent and Pathologic Murmurs in Pediatrics

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this preliminary clinical study is to assess the quality of a computational algorithm that automatically classifies murmurs of phonocardiograms (PCGs) as either pathologic (AHA class I) or as no- or innocent (AHA class III) in the pediatric population. Each patient is auscultated and diagnosed independently by a medical specialist by means of a standard mechanical stethoscope. Additionally, for each patient, a PCG is recorded using a Littmann 3200 electronic stethoscope and later analyzed using the computational algorithm. An echocardiogram is performed as the gold-standard for determining heart pathologies. The results of the computer aided auscultation (CAA) are compared to the findings of the medical professionals as well as to the echocardiogram findings. Hypothesis: The specific CAA algorithms used in this study are able to differentiate pathologic (AHA class I) from no- or innocent murmurs (AHA class III) in a pediatric population.

Detailed Description
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Background: Computer aided auscultation in the differentiation of pathologic (AHA class I) from no- or innocent murmurs (AHA class III) would be of great value to the general practitioner and potentially also to the specialist. This would allow objective screening for structural heart disease, standardized documentation of auscultation findings, and may avoid unnecessary referrals to pediatric cardiologists. Our goal was to further develop and assess the quality of a novel computational algorithm that automatically classifies murmurs of phonocardiograms (PCGs) acquired in a pediatric population. Methods: Patients with no-, innocent-, and pathologic murmurs were recruited from the general pediatric cardiology clinic. Using an electronic stethoscope, PCGs were acquired by the pediatric cardiologist from each patient. The PCGs were analyzed by the algorithm and diagnoses were compared to findings by the pediatric specialist and echocardiography as the gold standard. The following registry procedures and quality factors have been implemented in this preliminary clinical study: Quality assurance plan, including data validation proper registration procedures Source data verification to assess the accuracy, completeness, or representativeness of registry data by comparing the data to external data sources (medical records and paper case report forms). Standard Operating Procedures to address registry operations and analysis activities, including patient recruitment, data collection, data management, data analysis.

Official Title
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Automatic Differentiation of Innocent and Pathologic Murmurs in Pediatrics

Conditions
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Heart Murmurs, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Systolic Murmurs

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Computer Aided Auscultation (CAA)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: outpatient parental approval for study participation Exclusion Criteria: none

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Device: Computer Aided Auscultation (CAA)|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of correctly diagnosed pathological heart murmurs through independent algorithm-based auscultation. | Each patient is screened and diagnosed regarding a potential heart murmur by a medical expert through standard stethoscope-based auscultation. Heart sounds are recorded using an electronic Littmann 3200 stethoscope. The resulting phonocardiograms are analyzed and diagnosed independently, offline, with no external input, by an algorithm. A final diagnosis for each patient is made by a medical expert by performing an echocardiogram, the gold standard method for heart murmur detection. The diagnoses of both the medical expert and the algorithm are finally compared to the echocardiogram-based diagnosis. | 2 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of correctly diagnosed pathological heart murmurs through traditional stethoscope based auscultation by medical experts. | Each patient is screened and diagnosed regarding a potential heart murmur by a medical expert through standard stethoscope-based auscultation. Heart sounds are recorded using an electronic Littmann 3200 stethoscope. The resulting phonocardiograms are analyzed and diagnosed independently, offline, with no external input, by an algorithm. A final diagnosis for each patient is made by a medical expert by performing an echocardiogram, the gold standard method for heart murmur detection. The diagnoses of both the medical expert and the algorithm are finally compared to the echocardiogram-based diagnosis. | 2 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Computer Aided Auscultation (CAA), Electronic Stethoscope, Phonocardiography, Heart Auscultation