The Body's Response to Food Intake in Trained, Older Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this research study is to determine the effects of food supplements and strength training on appetite, the amount of energy expended, and body composition.

Conditions
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Elderly

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Liquid Supplements
* Dietary Supplement: Solid Supplement


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All subjects must meet the following eligibility criteria: Age range: 60 years and older Body mass index between 20-29 kg/m2 Weight stable (< 2 kg weight change within last 6 months) Non-smoking Constant habitual activity patterns within last 3 months Clinically normal blood profiles (specifically, normal liver and kidney function; normal complete blood count (non-anemic); fasting blood glucose <110 mg/dl) Not taking medications known to influence appetite or metabolism Non-diabetic Confirmation of acceptability of eating the study test foods (solids and fluids) Trained subjects (Recruiting 36; N-25) must meet the following eligibility criteria: Resistive exercise training (≥ 2 times a week) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire) Active fitness level (≥ 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week) Sedentary subjects (Recruiting 36; N-25) must meet the following eligibility criteria: Resistive exercise training (≤ 1 time a week) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire) Active fitness level (≤ 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week) Exclusion Criteria: All subjects will be excluded based on the following exclusionary criteria: Age: <60 years Body mass index: outside of the 20-29 kg/m2 range Gained or lost > 4.5 kg within the last 6 months Smoker (currently or within the last year) Intermittently been involved in a diet and/or exercise program within the last 3 months Clinically abnormal blood profiles as identified by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD Taking medications (currently or within the last 3 months) known to influence appetite or metabolism Abnormal heart function (interpreted by a cardiologist) and assessed (for study exclusion) by our study physician, Arthur Rosen, MD Clinically diagnosed as diabetic Study foods are found to be unacceptable for consumption by the subject Clinically diagnosed osteoporosis Trained subjects will be excluded based on the following exclusionary criteria: Did not perform resistive exercise training (currently or within the last 3 months) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire) Perform ≤ 1, 30-minute aerobic exercise session/week (currently or within the last 3 months) based on physical activity levels questionnaire) Sedentary subjects will be excluded based on the following exclusionary criteria: Performed resistive exercise training (currently or within the last 3 months) based on reported physical activity levels (questionnaire) Perform > 2, 30-minute aerobic exercise sessions/week (currently or within the last 3 months) based on physical activity levels questionnaire)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: 1<br>participants continue current exercise and take liquid supplement | Dietary Supplement: Liquid Supplements<br>* Liquid supplement that provides 12.5% of the subjects total energy requirement.<br>|
| Experimental: 2<br>Participants continue current exercise and take solid supplement | Dietary Supplement: Solid Supplement<br>* Solid supplement that provides 12.5% of the subjects total energy requirement.<br>|
| Experimental: 3<br>Participants continue current sedentary behavior and take liquid supplements | Dietary Supplement: Liquid Supplements<br>* Liquid supplement that provides 12.5% of the subjects total energy requirement.<br>|
| Experimental: 4<br>Participants continue current sedentary behavior and take solid supplements | Dietary Supplement: Solid Supplement<br>* Solid supplement that provides 12.5% of the subjects total energy requirement.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantify the acute effects of fluid and solid foods on post-prandial (post-meal) appetite and food intake at the next eating occasion in trained and untrained, elderly people. |  | 6 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantify the contribution of selected satiety factors (glucose, insulin, CCK, ghrelin, and GLP-1) and gastrointestinal transit time, to the differential appetitive responses to fluid versus solid foods in trained and untrained, elderly people |  | 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Endocrine and Gastrointestinal Response to Food