The Effect of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise on Groin Injuries Rate Among Soccer Players.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The effect of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise on groin injuries rate among soccer players The Copenhagen adduction exercise is a body-weight exercise which mainly works the groin and hip Adductors. It has a large eccentric component, meaning the muscles are working whilst lengthening. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the Copenhagen adduction exercise on groin injuries among soccer players. It hypothesized that Copenhagen adduction exercise has a beneficial effect in terms of groin injury prevention.

Detailed Description
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Study type Interventional Description of intervention(s) / exposure The intervention group will be instructed to include the Copenhagen adduction exercise into their warm up before training session (3 times per week) during one season (6 months). Group sessions will be administered by an exercise physiologist and/ or athletic trainer and/ or soccer coaches and/ or strength and conditioning specialists and/ or physiotherapist. Session attendance checklists will be used to assess or monitor adherence to the intervention. The Copenhagen adduction exercise is a body-weight exercise which mainly works the groin and hip adductor. It has a large eccentric component, meaning the muscles are working whilst lengthening. The Copenhagen Adduction exercise is a simple isolated eccentric partner exercise and doesn't require special equipment and can be performed as a warm up activity on the pitch. The Copenhagen Adduction exercise requires a partner who will hold the player's upper leg in an extended position nearly at the hip level of the partner, with one hand supporting the knee and the other upholding the ankle. Meanwhile, the player will lie on one side and support the body with the forearm on the ground and the top arm being placed along the body. Then, the player will elevate the trunk from the floor and raise the lower leg in a straight line. The player will repeat this for 3 seconds until the feet touch each other. This will be followed by slightly lowering the body just to the ground for 3 seconds until it touches the level of the foot. It must be performed on both limbs. It is crucial to note that the most accurate performance of the exercise must avoid trunk bending. In terms of the training form, the frequency is three-two sessions per week while the repetition varies according to the different levels of the players ranging from 3-12 times in one-two sets. Prevention Comparator / control treatment The control group will practice their usual warm up. Usual warm up is defined as any basic exercises performed before a performance or practice to prepare the muscles for vigorous actions.

Official Title
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The Effect of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise on Groin Injuries Rate Among Soccer Players. A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Conditions
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Groin Injuries

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Copenhagen adduction exercise
* Other: Usual warm up


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Soccer teams Amateur. Male . Training at least three times per week. Exclusion Criteria: History of lower extremity injury requiring medical attention in the past 6 months, or systemic diseases, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders or bone fractures or surgery in the previous year. Players who joined a participating team after the start of the trial will be excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The intervention group will be instructed to include the Copenhagen adduction exercise into their warm up before training session (3 times per week) during one season (6 months).The control group will practice their usual warm up. Usual warm up is defined as any basic exercises performed before a performance or practice to prepare the muscles for vigorous actions.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>The intervention group will be instructed to include the Copenhagen adduction exercise into their warm up before training session (3 times per week) during one season (6 months). The Copenhagen adduction exercise is a body-weight exercise which mainly works the groin and hip adductor. It has a large eccentric component, meaning the muscles are working whilst lengthening. | Other: Copenhagen adduction exercise<br>* The Copenhagen Adduction exercise is a simple isolated eccentric partner exercise and doesn't require special equipment and can be performed as a warm up activity on the pitch.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>The control group will practice their usual warm up. Usual warm up is defined as any basic exercises performed before a performance or practice to prepare the muscles for vigorous actions. | Other: Usual warm up<br>* Usual warm up is defined as any basic exercises performed before a performance or practice to prepare the muscles for vigorous actions.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of initial injuries | Injury is defined according to a consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in soccer studies; an injury will be recorded if it caused the player to be unable to completely participate in the following match or training session.Injury rates will be summarised as number of injuries per 1000 player-hours for both matches and training. Exposure time in hours will be calculated for each team over a 6-month period. Data will be collected from Sports Injury Tracker injury reporting form. Coaches in both the experimental and control groups will be reporting injuries during training and matches by filling in forms once per week and submitting the information using the Sports Injury Tracker injury reporting form (Sports Medicine Australia). Injury rates will be summarised as number of injuries per 1000 player-hours for both matches and training. Exposure time in hours will be calculated for each team over a 6-month period. | At the end of the intervention season (6 months) | 
| The incidence of recurrent injuries | Recurrent injury is defined as a repeat episode of a fully recovered injury. Injury is defined according to a consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in soccer studies; an injury will be recorded if it caused the player to be unable to completely participate in the following match or training session. Data will be collected from Sports Injury Tracker injury reporting form. | At the end of the intervention season (6 months) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Injury severity | Defined as time loss in days (days unable to train): minor (1 to 7 days lost), moderate (8 to 21 days lost), or severe (>21 days lost). Injury severity data will be collected from Sports Injury Tracker injury reporting form. | At time of any injury occurring throughout intervention soccer season (6 months) | 
| Compliance with the intervention | The rate of compliance using attendance log. | At the end of the intervention season (6 months) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Copenhagen Adduction Exercise, Groin injuries, Soccer