Influence of Screen Sizes on Responses to Visual Analog Scales of Stress

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Visual analog scales (VAS) are one of the most common tools used in questionnaires. VAS are validated for pain and stress for example on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100). Nowadays, most VAS are used on questionnaires on internet. However, the influence of screen sizes on responses to visual analog scales were never studied.

Detailed Description
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Visual analog scales (VAS) are one of the most common tools used in questionnaires. VAS are validated for pain and stress for example on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100). Nowadays, most VAS are used on questionnaires on internet. However, the influence of screen sizes on responses to visual analog scales were never studied. Primary objective is to study the influence of screen sizes on response responses to visual analog scales. Secondary objectives are to assess: the variability of responses depending on screen sizes within a week the influence of perception of work and addiction to work on the variability depending on screen sizes relationships with biomarkers of stress : salivary DHEAS, heart rate variability and skin conductance An open questionnaire will be created by the Clinical Research Direction. The questionnaire will be opened by the examinator who will fulfill the anonymized identification of participants and the type of screens. In a dedicated room at the LaPSCo, the participants will answer the same VAS on four different sizes/types of screens (24-inch screen, laptop, tablet, smartphone) and on paper. Saliva will be collected after answering questionnaires. Heart rate variability and skin conductance will be measured with the use of a wrist watch during 15 minutes, from the entrance in the room to the completion of questionnaires. The participant will undergo the same examination within a week (15 minutes).

Official Title
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Influence of Screen Sizes on Responses to Visual Analog Scales of Stress

Conditions
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Volunteers

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Influence of screen sizes on responses to visual analog scales of stress


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adult persons Exclusion Criteria: Refusal to participate in the study Unable to answer basic questions (difficulties understanding, cognitive disorders…)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| experimental group<br>differences in responses to visual analog scales depending on screen sizes | Other: Influence of screen sizes on responses to visual analog scales of stress<br>* An open questionnaire will be created by the Clinical Research Direction. The questionnaire will be opened by the examinator who will fulfill the anonymized identification of participants and the type of screens. In a dedicated room at the LaPSCo, the participants will answer the same VAS on four different sizes/types of screens (24-inch screen, laptop, tablet, smartphone) and on paper. Saliva will be collected after answering questionnaires. Heart rate variability and skin conductance will be measured with the use of a wrist watch during 15 minutes, from the entrance in the room to the completion of questionnaires. The participant will undergo the same examination within a week (15 minutes).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analog scale to assess the perceived stress | Visual analog scale to assess the perceived stress on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100) | day 0 | 
| Visual analog scale to assess the perceived stress | Visual analog scale to assess the perceived stress on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100) | day 7 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual analog scale to assess anxiety | Visual analog scale to assess anxiety on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100) | day 0, day 7 | 
| Visual analog scale to assess sleep quality | Visual analog scale to assess sleep quality on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100) | day 0, day 7 | 
| Visual analog scale to assess fatigue | Visual analog scale to assess fatigue on a horizontal, non-calibrated line of 100 mm, ranging from very low (0) to very high (100) | day 0, day 7 | 
| Job Demand-Control-Support (JDSC) questionnaire of Karasek | The Job Demand-Control-Support (JDSC) questionnaire of Karasek assessed job demands, job control and social support through 26 items. | day 0, day 7 | 
| The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI) | The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI) is a self-administrated test assessing psychological distress and health problems that may occur when there is an imbalance between the efforts required by the work and the rewards received. | day 0, day 7 | 
| The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) | The Work Addiction Risk Test (WART) was developed by Robinson et al. from symptoms reported by clinicians caring for patients with work addiction | day 0, day 7 | 
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale | Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale is a self-reported questionnaire composed of 14 items with a 4-point Likert scale assessing anxiety (7 items) and/or depressive (7 items) symptoms | day 0, day 7 | 
| The Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI) | The Maslach Burn-out Inventory (MBI) is composed of 22 items designed to assess the three components of the burn-out syndrome: emotional exhaustion (9 items), depersonalization (5 items) and reduced personal accomplishment (8 items) | day 0, day 7 | 
| Heart rate variability | Heart rate variability and skin conductance will be measured with the use of the wristband Empatica E4, Italy | day 0, day 7 | 
| : skin conductance | Heart rate variability and skin conductance will be measured with the use of the wristband Empatica E4, Italy | day 0, day 7 | 
| Salivary DHEAS | Salivary DHEAS is a biomarker of chronic stress, with a long half-life of 16 hours | day 0, day 7 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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visual analog scale, stress