Chicago Community Health Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study examined smokers from the initial COMPASS survey who live in one of three local Census tracks with large concentrations of minority populations and smoking rates, including Washington Park (98.8% African American, 60.5% smoker), Gage Park (76.7% Hispanic, 26.7% smoker), and Bridgeport (34.5% Asian, 27.0% Hispanic, 29.3% smoker), randomizing them to receipt of treatment as usual care advice (via a pamphlet form the National Cancer Institute) versus theoretically-driven and empirically-supported smoking cessation advice session delivered in-person at the UCM.

Official Title
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Health Behavior and Feedback Among Chicago Area Communities

Conditions
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Smoking

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Enhanced Care
* Behavioral: TAU


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Currently reside in either the Washington Park, Gage Park, or Bridgeport communities based on current physical address at the time of initial contact for study participation Identify as a current smoker (verified by self-report and exhaled carbon monoxide) Willing and able to sign an informed consent Stable residence and contact information throughout the follow-up period Exclusion Criteria: Not a current smoker Does not live within the pre-determined neighborhood locations Unable to sign informed consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Enhanced care<br>Participants will take part in an approximate one-hour health and smoking feedback session at the University of Chicago in Dr. King's Clinical Addictions Research Laboratory (CARL). The session will follow the Courage to Quit™ (CTQ) Roadmap program (developed by Dr. King with the Respiratory Health Association). This roadmap shorter version of the larger CTQ program has been specifically designed as an inpatient bedside or outpatient brief intervention guide to assess smoking cessation motivation, consequences of smoking, facts and myths about smoking, barriers to making a change, approved medications, de-bunking myths about medications or treatments without scientific evidence (e-cigarette, laser treatments, herbals, etc.), and gaining social support. | Behavioral: Enhanced Care<br>* The session began with the therapist reviewing the participants' personal feedback sheet within the context of clear messaging that there is no safe level of smoking and of how smoking affects the participant individually and the Black community collectively. The participant was encouraged to quit smoking, else to reduce smoking if abstinence was not desired, and to use NRT within the next week to help foster behavior change and alleviate withdrawal symptoms. This portion of the counseling was presented within a culturally-targeted framework such that myths regarding NRT common among persons with low health literacy were discussed and debunked and historical mistrust of the medical community and concerns about exploitation were also addressed. Each participant in EC was offered a starter kit of NRT with a one week supply of patches or lozenges.<br>* Other names: EC;|
| Active Comparator: Treatment as Usual<br>Participants will receive the National Cancer Institute (NCI) pamphlet Clearing the Air and access to related online resources, which includes brief advice to quit smoking and medication information. | Behavioral: TAU<br>* Participants met with a research assistant for 3-5 minutes and received the National Cancer Institute (NCI) pamphlet Clearing the Air and access to related online resources, which includes brief advice to quit smoking and medication information. They did not receive counseling or specialized care and were advised to refer to the resources should they be interested in quitting smoking.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Smoking reduction | Change in average cigarettes per day (CPD) | Past-week CPD at 1- and 6-month follow-up | 
| Quit attempts | Change in number of any and serious (12+hr) quit attempts | Any reported (and serious) quit attempts since last session at 1- and 6-month follow-up | 
| Motivation to change smoking | Increase in motivation to change smoking behavior via smoking contemplation ladder (Biener-Abrams Contemplation Ladder) scores. Scores are on a 10-point scale from 0-10, with higher scores indicating higher motivation to quit smoking. | Increases in stage of change at 1- and 6-month follow-ups | 
| Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) use | Change in frequency of NRT use | Any reported NRT use since last session at 1- and 6- month follow-up | 
| Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) knowledge | Increase in accurate knowledge about NRT assessed by two items rated from a 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) scale measuring agreement to the NRT myths, NRT causes cancer and NRT is only used by weak people. | More accurate knowledge about NRT at 1- and 6-month follow-ups |