Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis in High Risk Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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identify the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (according to new guideline ;NICE tuberculosis) among these high risk groups of children and notify ministry of health

Detailed Description
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TB is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB). The disease is spread when people who are sick with pulmonary TB expel bacteria into the air, for example by coughing. Overall, a relatively small proportion (5-15%) of the estimated 1.7 billion people infected with M. tuberculosis will develop TB disease (active disease) during their lifetime. However, the probability of developing TB disease is much higher among people infected with HIV, and also higher among people affected by risk factors such as under-nutrition, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens with no evidence of clinically manifest active TB. As there is no gold standard test for LTBI, the global burden is not known with certainty; however, up to one third of the world's population is estimated to be infected with M. tuberculosis , and the vast majority have no signs or symptoms of TB disease and are not infectious, although they are at risk for active TB disease and for becoming infectious. Several studies have shown that, on average, 5-10% of those infected will develop active TB disease over the course of their lives, usually within the first 5 years after initial infection . The risk for active TB disease after infection depends on several factors, the most important being immunological status

Official Title
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Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis in High Risk Children Attending Pediatric Hospital of Assiut University

Conditions
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Latent Tuberculosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Tuberculin, Purified Protein 5Unt/0.1 mL Solution


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: children aged under 5 yearsold with one of the following risk factor : have diabetes have chronic kidney disease or receive haemodialysis Exclusion Criteria: All children aged above 12 years old History of recent contact with TB positive patient All children under 5 yearsold without any other risk factor

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Year
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| diabetic and renal<br>all cases included in the study will be subjected to : Full clinical history to rule out active TB ( history of current prolonged cough, haemoptysis, fever, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue.) Chest x ray TST (tuberculin sensitivity test) : injecting a 0.1 mL of liquid containing 5 TU (tuberculin units) PPD (purified protein derivative) into the top layers of skin of the forearm and read skin tests 48-72 hours after the injection | Drug: Tuberculin, Purified Protein 5Unt/0.1 mL Solution<br>* Tuberculosis (diagnosis)-Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD) is indicated as a diagnostic aid in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. It is also indicated when BCG vaccination or isoniazid prophylaxis is being considered<br>* Other names: mantoux test;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis in High Risk Young Children Attending Pediatric Hospital of Assiut University | To identify the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (according to new guideline ;NICE tuberculosis) among these high risk groups of children and notify ministry of health | one year |