Inspiratory Muscle Training, Autonomic Dysfunction and Blood Pressure

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study finds the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle threshold loading training among adults with hypertension. A sample of hypertensive subjects was divided into two groups - inspiratory muscle training (IMT) - group (inspiratory muscle training was prescribed) and sham-group (no load was prescribed during IMT). Both groups had training sessions comprising seven cycles of two minutes bouts of breathing counter to an inspiratory load, each bout parted by one minute of unloaded recovery. Treatment session was performed for three times per week for a total of six weeks. Measurement of each of the variables (blood pressure, resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV)) was taken at baseline and after the six-week intervention.

Detailed Description
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The present study aimed to examine the outcome of interval inspiratory muscle training at 70% load on blood pressure, resting heart rate and autonomic dysfunction in the hypertensive adults. Participants were divided into two groups: IMT and sham. In IMT group, the threshold loading inspiratory muscle trainer from POWERbreathe was used with 70% IMT threshold. In Sham group, IMT was unloaded.

Official Title
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Effect of Interval Inspiratory Muscle Training on Autonomic Dysfunction and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Hypertension

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Inspiratory muscle training.
* Other: Sham inspiratory muscle training.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: stage 1 hypertension essential hypertension mild hypertension Exclusion Criteria: Subjects participating in exercise training for more than the last six months severe musculoskeletal limitations severe neurological limitations cognitive impairments uncontrolled diabetes uncontrolled hypertension a history of myocardial infarction (MI) a history of stroke in the last six months unstable angina chronic heart failure pulmonary disease of any etiology

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Two group pretest-posttest parallel design.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: IMT group<br>IMT training with 70% threshold was given. | Other: Inspiratory muscle training.<br>* Interval inspiratory muscle training was performed using the inspiratory muscle trainer.<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Sham group<br>unloaded IMT training was given. | Other: Sham inspiratory muscle training.<br>* Interval inspiratory muscle training was performed using the unloaded inspiratory muscle trainer.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Resting heart rate | Resting heart rate was measured at baseline and after completion of intervention. | 6 weeks | 
| Autonomic functions | Autonomic functions were assessed by measuring the heart rate variability parameters at baseline and after completion of intervention. | 6 weeks | 
| Blood pressure | Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at baseline and after completion of intervention. | 6 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Interval Inspiratory Muscle Training, Hypertension, Autonomic Dysfunction, Blood Pressure