Nudging for Vaccination : Efficacity and Acceptability Among Medical Students

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Nudge is a set of methods aimed at helping people adopt a behavior by a gentle prompt, conscious or not. Classically, Nudges rely on heuristics and cognitive biases. These methods have been studied for years in social psychology and are receiving renewed attention since the awarding of the Nobel Prize in economics to Richard Thaler for his work on the application of Nudge to the economy. Health professionals are very inadequately vaccinated (25 to 45% of the population). Some studies have shown that a Nudge based on intent implementation can significantly increase vaccination coverage. However, few studies evaluate the acceptability of Nudge or its application to health professionals. The investigators sought to apply a Nudge based on availability heuristics to health professionals, in order to evaluate its effectiveness and terms of behavior adoption (influenza vaccination) and its acceptability. The investigator's hypothesis is that Nudging is both effective and acceptable and that people found nudging more acceptable if they have been exposed to a nudge.

Detailed Description
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The investigators asked residents in general medicine to pass a questionnaire including a Nudge. This Nudge was the influenza vaccine prescription form accompanied on the back of the telephone numbers of the occupational health centers of the hospitals where residents were on probation. The interns of the group Nudge saw at the end of their questionnaire the following statement: If you are not vaccinated against the flu so far, you can get the form stapled to this questionnaire, it will allow you to get the vaccine in pharmacy. On the back you will also find practical information about immunization services at your place of training.  A group will receive an implemented Nudge questionnaire, a group will receive a questionnaire without Nudge and a control group will not be asked. (Phase 1) The 3 groups will receive a month later a questionnaire evaluating the effectiveness in terms of immunization coverage, and the acceptability of the Nudge, for oneself and for others. (Phase 2) The control group will only receive the Phase 2 questionnaire to control the Hawthorne effect. The difference between the 3 groups will consist exclusively in the exposure of the participants to: A questionnaire on their attitude (opinion) towards vaccination; The numbers of the occupational health vaccination centers of their places of training; The flu vaccine prescription form, to be signed and stamped by a doctor (also already freely available on the internet)

Official Title
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Nudging for Vaccination : Efficacity and Acceptability Among Medical Students

Conditions
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Influenza, Human, Vaccination; Sepsis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Nudge
* Other: vaccination form


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: medical students Exclusion Criteria: none
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: one group receives a form with the nudge, one group receives the same form without nudge and another group doesn't receive any form
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Nudge<br>receiving nudge and form | Behavioral: Nudge<br>* Influenza Vaccine Prescription Form accompanied on the back of telephone numbers of occupational health centers of different hospitals where interns are likely to be on probation.<br>Other: vaccination form<br>* a form about vaccination<br>|
| Active Comparator: No nudge<br>receiving the same form without nudge (only questions about their opinion/attitudes about vaccination) | Other: vaccination form<br>* a form about vaccination<br>|
| No Intervention: No intervention<br>receiving no nudge nor form | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Efficiency: vaccination rate | vaccination rate | 1 month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| acceptability: scale | likert based acceptability form | One month | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Nudge, acceptability