Antibiotic-induced Disruption of the Microbiota

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The use of antibiotics causes profound changes in the microbiota. However, the magnitude of the effect of intrapartum and early-life antibiotics on the breast milk and the infant oral and intestinal microbiota, and whether effects are only short-term or persist long-term remain uncertain and will be determined in this study.

Detailed Description
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In this prospective cohort study, the investigators will determine the effect of (i) intrapartum antibiotics on the composition of the breast milk, and the infant oral and intestinal microbiota and antibiotic exposure in the first year of life on the composition of the infant intestinal microbiota (including the development and persistence of antibiotic resistance) and (ii) the association of this disruption with adverse health outcomes. (iii) The investigators will also determine the association between the maternal intestinal microbiota, the breast milk microbiota and the infant oral and intestinal microbiota.

Official Title
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Antibiotic-induced Disruption of the Maternal and Infant Microbiota and Adverse Health Outcomes - The ABERRANT Study

Conditions
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Microbiota, Antibiotic Disruption

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: healthy infants term infants (> 37 weeks of gestation) Exclusion Criteria: maternal HIV infection maternal hepatitis B or C infection antibiotics in the third trimester of pregnancy intake of probiotics during pregnancy infants with the low birth weight <2500 g infants with congenital abnormality

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Day
Maximum Age: 2 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: No intervention|No intervention|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Antibiotic-induced disruption of breast milk microbiota | Composition of breast milk microbiota at birth and when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 
| Antibiotic-Induced disruption the infant stool microbiota | Composition of infant intestinal microbiota at birth and when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 
| Maternal to infant microbiota transfer | Similarities in the composition of the maternal intestinal, the breast milk microbiota and the infant intestinal microbiota, at 38 weeks of pregnancy, at birth and when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months of age. | 2 years | 
| The composition of the intestinal microbiota and adverse health outcomes | Abundance of certain microbes in the intestinal microbiota and number of episodes of lower respiratory tract infections until 2 years of age | 2 years | 
| The composition of the intestinal microbiota and adverse health outcomes | Abundance of certain microbes in the intestinal microbiota and number of episodes of acute otitis media episodes until 2 years of age | 2 years | 
| The composition of the intestinal microbiota and adverse health outcomes | Abundance of certain microbes in the intestinal microbiota and prevalence of allergic sensitisation (positive skin prick test) at 1 and 2 years of age | 2 years | 
| The composition of the intestinal microbiota and adverse health outcomes | Abundance of certain microbes in the intestinal microbiota and weight (in kg) at 1 and 2 years of age | 2 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Antibiotic-induced disruption of breast milk microbiota | Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes within the breast milk microbiota at birth and when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 
| Antibiotic-Induced disruption the infant stool microbiota | Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes within the intestinal microbiota at birth and when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 
| Introduction of different foods affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota | Age (in days) when a new food item was introduced and composition of infant intestinal microbiota when infants are 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 
| Administration of oxygen affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota in infants | Number of days of oxygen and composition of infant intestinal microbiota when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 
| Administration of antacids affect the composition of the infant intestinal microbiota | Number of days antacids were administered and composition of infant intestinal microbiota at birth and when infants are 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Metagenome, Infants