A Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Safety of the TheraSphere Glioblastoma (GBM) Device in Patients With Recurrent GBM

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The FRONTIER Study is a prospective, interventional, single-arm, multi-center, study to assess the safety and technical feasibility of TheraSphere GBM in patients with recurrent GBM.

Detailed Description
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with a grave prognosis, resulting in <7% of patients surviving to five years post-diagnosis. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is currently a mainstay treatment for GBM; however, the dose delivered is limited by side effects. The targeted radiotherapy of the TheraSphere GBM Y-90 Glass Microsphere System (TheraSphere GBM) has promising potential to provide GBM patients with reduced side effects compared to external beam radiotherapy as well as a more effective treatment for this catastrophic disease. The TheraSphere GBM device utilized in the FRONTIER trial is an yttrium-90 (Y-90) glass microsphere therapy for selective internal radiation therapy (endovascular radiotherapy) in recurrent GBM patients. The TheraSphere GBM treatment utilizes intra-arterial delivery and takes advantage of blood flow and direct tumor delivery. Treatment can be delivered by specific placement of a catheter close to the tumor through known angiographic techniques currently utilized by neuro-endovascular or interventional radiology physicians. Angiographic evaluation prior to treatment allows identification of tumor feeding arteries and definition of the treatment volume. TheraSphere GBM could achieve a high tumor response rate based on delivery of a tumor absorbed dose that is not currently possible with EBRT. In consideration of the potential benefit of a more localized, targeted treatment with a reduced side effect profile compared to other treatment options, and the potential impact on patients' quality of life for this devastating disease, this First-in-Human Early Feasibility Study (EFS) of the TheraSphere GBM Y-90 Glass Microsphere System for the treatment of recurrent GBM is being conducted.

Official Title
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FRONTIER: A Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Safety of the TheRaSphere GliOblastoma (GBM) Device iN PaTIEnts With Recurrent GBM

Conditions
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Glioblastoma Multiforme, Recurrent Glioblastoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: TheraSphere GBM


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subject is 18 years or older and has signed and dated the trial informed consent form (ICF) Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks Subject is willing and able to comply with the trial testing, procedures, and follow-up schedule History of a histologically confirmed diagnosis of glioblastoma per 2021 WHO criteria Have radiographic evidence of tumor progression/recurrence with measurable disease (≥ 1 cm to ≤ 5cm bidirectional diameters) by contrast-enhancement on MRI, according to RANO criteria Prior surgery and treatment with combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy ± Tumor Treating Fields (Optune®) Prior cranial radiation dose < 66 Gy WHO performance status ≤ 2 The interval since completion of cranial radiotherapy must be > 6 months, unless there is tissue confirmation of tumor recurrence/progression outside the previous radiation treatment field, in which case the interval since completion of cranial radiation must be at least 12 weeks Interval since last cytotoxic therapy until presumed date of intervention ≥ 1 cycle or ≥ 2 biological half-lives, i.e. ≥ 4 weeks since last dose of temozolomide ≥ 6 weeks since last dose of lomustine or other nitrosourea ≥ 2 weeks since last dose of a small molecule targeted agent ≥ 12 weeks from last dose of last bevacizumab infusion, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, or other anti VEGFR therapy If receiving steroids, patient should be on a stable or decreasing dose equivalent to dexamethasone ≤ 6 mg/d, for at least 7 days prior to registration Have adequate organ and bone marrow function within 14 days prior to registration, as defined below: INR ≤ 1.2 (in absence of anticoagulation) Platelets ≥ 100,000/L Creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL Absolute Neutrophil Count ≥1.5 x 109/L Hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL Have a negative pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration on study (for FOCBP, female of child-bearing potential) Subject is a male or non-pregnant female. If female of child-bearing potential, and if sexually active must be using, or agree to use, a medically acceptable method of birth control as confirmed by the investigator Angiographic Mapping Inclusion Criteria: Accessible neurovascular anatomy that allows for safe microcatheter placement (single location) to infuse TheraSphere GBM to treat all of the T1 enhancing component of lesion confirmed by neuro-interventional team. Treatment volume is ≤ 150cc in the non-dominant hemisphere and non-eloquent regions as determined by multidisciplinary team. Eloquent regions should be defined as areas of the brain that maintain language, vision, sensory and motor function Exclusion Criteria: Have bilateral gadolinium enhancing disease, tumor located in the posterior fossa, tumor involving critical subcortical structures (thalamus/hypothalamus, midbrain, brainstem, corticospinal tract, internal capsule, cerebral peduncle), tumor approximating or invading the brainstem and/or optic chiasma, leptomeningeal disease, or extracranial metastatic disease Have received more than 1 course of prior radiotherapy (EBRT) Have received radiosurgery, brachytherapy, or hypofractionated radiotherapy Have received more than 2 systemic treatment protocols (lines of treatment), not including maintenance temozolomide Have received more than 2 surgical GBM-related procedures Have received prior thoracic radiation therapy Are at increased risk of wound dehiscence by the discretion of the investigators (e.g. brain surgery within the last 3 months, poor skin condition, and/or previously infected surgical field or any other condition that is of increased infectious risk in the opinion of the neurosurgeon) Have uncontrolled epilepsy Have severe and/or insufficiently controlled intercurrent illness; patients with the following are not eligible: Hypertension grade 3 or higher without adequate control on medications Symptomatic or unstable cardiac disease, known to have right-to-left shunts, or severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure > 90 mmHg) Pulmonary insufficiency (arterial oxygen pressure (Pa,O2) of < 60 mmHg, or oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) of < 90%) as measured by fingertip pulse oximeter Ongoing or active bacterial or viral infection requiring systemic treatment (including HIV) Pneumonitis Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements Peripheral Neuropathy ≥ grade 1 Any other illness or condition that the treating investigator feels would interfere with study compliance or would compromise the patient's safety, study endpoints or longevity Are currently pregnant or breast feeding (unless patient agrees to stop breastfeeding) Patients with a history of an active other malignancy within 1 year prior to registration. NOTE: Exceptions to this requirement include adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or lentigo maligna or carcinoma in situ without evidence of disease, or recurrent glioblastoma Patients with a history of ischemic cerebral disease and/or at risk of cerebral herniation Medical contraindication to undergo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Known history of hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated and/or gadolinium-based contrast Subject has received any other investigational agents within 4 weeks of treatment, or is currently participating, or plans to participate in, another investigational trial that may confound the results of this trial (unless written approval is received from the Boston Scientific study team) Angiographic Mapping Exclusion Criteria: Patients with significant vascular disease, significant AV shunting, or anatomic tortuosity on MR/CT Angiogram precluding safe or feasible vascular access or an eloquent high-risk vascular distribution of the treatment plan

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: The TheraSphere GBM Y-90 Glass Microsphere System (TheraSphere GBM) is an yttrium-90 (Y-90) glass microsphere therapy for selective internal radiation therapy (endovascular radiotherapy) in recurrent GBM patients
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Treatment<br>The projected radiation absorbed dose to the treatment volume is 40 Gy ±10%. | Device: TheraSphere GBM<br>* Single treatment of TheraSphere GBM device<br>* Other names: TheraSphere™ GBM Y-90 Glass Microspheres (TheraSphere GBM);|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The number of grade 3-5 non-hematological toxicities |  | 30 days post index procedure | 
| The number of ≥ grade 3 CNS toxicities related to non-target embolization |  | 30 days post index procedure | 
| Occurrence of symptomatic brain radiation necrosis requiring medical or surgical intervention and confirmed by pathology |  | 30 days post index procedure | 
| The number of Grade 4 neutropenia events persisting for longer than 5 days |  | 30 days post index procedure | 
| The number of grade 4 febrile neutropenia |  | 30 days post index procedure | 
| The number of grade 4 thrombocytopenia or grade 3 thrombocytopenia with hemorrhage |  | 30 days post index procedure | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rate of any treatment-related adverse events and treatment-related serious adverse events (not including predefined Limiting Toxicities) from first patient enrolled through study completion. |  | Enrollment through 6 months post index procedure | 
| Change in post-treatment neurological function as assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). | The NIHSS is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke. The NIHSS is composed of 11 items, each of which scores a specific ability between a 0 and 4. For each item, a score of 0 typically indicates normal function in that specific ability, while a higher score is indicative of some level of impairment. | Enrollment through 6 months post index procedure | 
| Change in post-treatment neurological function as assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). | The mRS measures the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes of neurological disability on a scale from 0 (no symptoms at all) to 6 (death). | Enrollment through 6 months post index procedure | 
| Technical Success/Feasibility of TheraSphere GBM-- ability to deliver the target absorbed dose (+/- 20%) to the perfused volume for all patients treated with the device. Assessed from pre-screening through post-device delivery PET-CT/MRI. |  | Pre-screening through post-device delivery PET-CT/MRI. | 
| Objective Response Rate* (ORR) from first patient enrolled through study completion |  | Enrollment through 6 months post index procedure | 
| Progression Free Survival* (PFS) from first patient enrolled through study completion |  | Enrollment through 6 months post index procedure | 
| Overall Survival (OS) from first patient enrolled through study completion |  | Enrollment through 6 months post index procedure |