Decreasing Infection In Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Despite the use of a standard preoperative skin disinfectant prior to shoulder surgery propionibacterium acne remains a leading cause of post-operative infections. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of topical benzoyl peroxide as an adjuvant to chlorhexidine-impregnated skin preparation in attempting to lower the colonization propionibacterium acne prior to surgery. This study will take cultures from patients who are randomly assigned into groups that receive and do not receive benzoyl peroxide as additional skin prep prior to elective shoulder surgery and compare quantified culture results.

Detailed Description
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With IRB approval and informed consent to participate in the study, patients scheduled for elective shoulder arthroscopy will be randomly selected and placed into 1 of 2 groups. Both groups will adhere to the surgeon's preoperative protocol of showering the night before with instructions to scrub the operative shoulder including the axilla with a chlorhexidine scrub brush. Group 1 will be treated per protocol and only be given instructions to use chlorhexidine. While group 2 will be provided a chlorhexidine scrub brush and a 1.5oz bottle of 10% benzoyl peroxide emollient to be applied after using the chlorhexidine scrub. The benzoyl peroxide should not be washed off prior to surgery. Thirty minutes prior to incision, intravenous antibiotics, cefazolin or clindamycin if penicillin intolerant, will be administered per protocol. Dry anaerobic culturettes will be taken at the location of the expected posterior portal location before and after the application of the chloraprep solution. At the time of surgery both groups will undergo preoperative skin preparation, in sterile fashion, with our institutions standard protocol utilizing ChloraPrep (2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% isopropyl alcohol; Enturia, El Paso, Texas). In addition, a 3mm full thickness skin punch biopsy will be taken after, application of chlorprep. Biopsies will be immediately placed, by the surgeon, in sterile receptacle with sterile saline and sent to our microbiology department. The biopsy site will be incorporated into the portal incision and will be closed appropriately minimizing the morbidity of obtaining the biopsy. The culture results will be recorded into a dummy account on McLaren's electronic medical records program. This account ensures that the costs of the study are not charged to the patient as well as blinding the patient and surgeon of the their results. The patient correlating information will only be known to Dr. Fine and they will be kept in a password protect computer document which will be kept in a off campus protected locked location. The Microbiology lab will place the swab specimens in 1 ml of saline, vortex them, and inoculate 0.01 mL onto an anaerobic blood agar plate. A chopped meat broth will also be inoculated. The punch biopsies will be ground and then inoculated to an anaerobic blood agar plate and a chopped meat broth. The anaerobic plates will be incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 35°C. The plates and broth will be examined daily for the first 4 days, then on days 7, 10 and 14 and any growth screened to determine if P. acnes is present. Results will be reported as no P. acnes isolated or as <X>CFU/mL P. acnes for the swab specimens. No colony count can be issued for the biopsies. These will be reported semi-quantitatively as rare, few, moderate or many. All plates will be read and counted manually by a laboratory technician who is not involved in the study and has been blinded from preoperative prep used. If any growth is detected, the sample will be considered positive.

Official Title
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Decreasing Proprionbacterium Acne Skin Colonization Prior to Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery

Conditions
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Post Operative Infection Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery, Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Benzoyl Peroxide solution Plus Chlorhexidine Scrub
* Other: Standard of Care - Chlorhexidine Scrub only


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery Ages > 18 Male and Female Exclusion criteria: Active Infection History of ipsilateral prior shoulder surgery History of prior shoulder infection Current use of Antibiotics History of immunosuppression Open wounds History of Inflammatory arthritis Allergy to benzoyl peroxide Allergy to chlorhexidine

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Chlorhexidine Standard of Care Arm<br>Use of Chlorhexidine to cleanse pre-operative surgery site | Other: Standard of Care - Chlorhexidine Scrub only<br>* Subjects will be given instructions on how to apply the Chlorhexidine using a scrub brush<br>|
| Experimental: Benzoyl Peroxide Experimental Arm<br>Use of Chlorhexidine scrub brush and 1.5 oz bottle of 10% benzoyl peroxide emollient | Drug: Benzoyl Peroxide solution Plus Chlorhexidine Scrub<br>* Subjects will be provided instructions on how to use and apply the chlorhexidine using a scrub brush and 1.5 oz bottle of 10% benzoyl peroxide emollient application<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bacterial Growth | Skin swabs and biopsy will be cultured for 14 days in media specific for growing P.Acne | 14 days from culture | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Infection,, Proprionbacterium Acne,, Shoulder,, skin preparation