Point-of-care-Ultrasound for Sleep Apnea

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at risk for respiratory dysfunction in the perioperative environment. The study is designed to evaluate if point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) measurements of upper airway anatomy may identify patients with OSA and their severity.

Detailed Description
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, resulting in substantially reduced (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of airflow despite ongoing breathing efforts. OSA has long been recognized as a heterogeneous disorder with potentially multiple contributing pathophysiological causes but with significant impact to perioperative morbidity. Various OSA phenotypes exist but, the predominant feature is a narrow and collapsible upper airway anatomy and is an interplay between pharyngeal soft tissue, genioglossus muscle tone and the bony anatomy and accounts for up to two-thirds of the variation in the AHI. Identification of moderate-severe OSA is crucial to prevent potential life-threatening cardiopulmonary complications perioperatively.(1) However, a large proportion of patients with OSA remain undiagnosed at the time of surgery.(2) Current screening tools are mainly questionnaire based and are largely sensitive but not specific (3) resulting in many false positives, unnecessary increased resource utilization, cost burden, and legal implications. Gold standard laboratory polysomnography(PSG) study is expensive and not widely available. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a readily available, portable, noninvasive tool that has been used for airway evaluation and may be useful for OSA screening.(4-8) Study investigators want to evaluate the various POCUS measures of OSA in the perioperative population and correlate these measurements with the PSG based severity of OSA (based on apnea-hypopnea index -AHI) to find out the best measure or a combination of measures to diagnose the incidence and severity of OSA.

Official Title
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An Exploratory Study of Correlating Point Of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Measures of Sleep Apnea With STOP-BANG Scoring and Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI)

Conditions
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Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients of either gender Age 18 through 85 History of previous sleep study polysomnography (PSG) Exclusion Criteria: No prior sleep study History of central sleep apnea Craniofacial/oropharyngeal malformations Oropharyngeal surgery since the last sleep study Ear/Nose/Throat tumor History of Ear/Nose/Throat surgery Inability to consent Non-English speaking

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Correlation of POCUS measurements with AHI and/or STOP-Bang Scores | The study is designed to assess if there is a correlation of one or a combination of point-of-care-ultrasound measurements with the severity of OSA as denoted by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from previous sleep study and/or STOP-Bang scores noted for the presence of OSA in screening exam prior to surgical procedures that require intubation. STOP-Bang denotes Snoring, Tired, Observed (anyone observed you stop breathing), Pressure (high blood pressure), Body mass index (more than 35 kg/m2), Age (older than 50), Neck size, Gender | 1 day |