Innervation of Vascularized Iliac Transplant Avoids Resorption in Jaw Bone Reconstruction

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of simultaneous innervation to prevent graft bone resorption in maxillofacial reconstruction. It may provide basis for future clinical trials and new strategies for improving the functional reconstruction of large jaw bone defects.

Detailed Description
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The use of autograft is still the main method for reconstructing large defects of jaw bones. However, the spontaneous resorption of the graft bone is still severe, and hinders the success of dental implant(s) and chewing function even after microsurgical vascularization. But till now, there is no effective prevention method for this major problem. Based on previous studies, the investigators pioneered a simultaneous innervated vascularized iliac bone graft method, through neurorrhaphy between the nerves innervating iliac bone and recipient site. A clinical retrospective study showed that this new method significantly decreases postoperative osteoporosis, and ensures the success of dental implants (Refer to our published article Wang L*, Wei J, Yang X, Yang Z, Sun M, Cheng X, Xu L, Lei D, Zhang C*. Preventing early-stage graft bone resorption by simultaneous innervation: innervated iliac bone flap for mandibular reconstruction. PlastIc Reconstructive Surgery, 2017, 139(5):1152e-1161e, Cover Featured Article). The investigators intend to randomly divide the vascularized iliac bone graft cases into traditional group without innervation and simultaneous innervation group (through neurorrhaphy between the nerves innervating iliac bone flap and recipient site). The efficacy of simultaneously innervated maxillofacial reconstruction for preventing graft bone resorption will be assessed using bone mineral density test of grafted bone, as a blinded method. The innervation and sensation of the internal oblique abdominis muscle island will be tested using neuroelectrophysiological examination. The recipient nerve having the best effect on preventing bone resorption, will be determined using hierarchical comparison method.

Official Title
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Innervation of Vascularized Iliac Transplant Avoids Resorption in Jaw Bone Reconstruction: a Prospective Comparative Clinical Study

Conditions
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Bone Resorption, Nerve

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Innervation
* Procedure: Non-innervation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients between the age of 17 to 65 years (to avoid possible postmenopause osteoporosis), irrespective of gender. Post resection segmental defect of mandible between 5-9 cm long. Acceptable systemic conditions like nonmenopausal-related osteoporosis, Diabetes mellitus, in controlled normal range. Patients agreeing to sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: Advanced malignant tumors. Poor general condition, who can not tolerate vascularized bone flap reconstruction. History of drugs affecting bone metabolism, like bisphosphonates, calcium agents or others.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 17 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Innervation<br>Patients with segmental defects of mandible sized 5 to 12 cm long will be reconstructed using microsurgical iliac or fibula bone flaps. In simultaneous innervated group, neurorrhaphy between the ilioinguinal nerve or fibula flap nerve with inferior alveolar nerve or great auricular nerve will be performed. Intervention: Procedure: Innervation | Procedure: Innervation<br>* There will be simultaneous innervation of vascularized iliac or fibular bone flaps through neurorrhaphy between the nerves innervating iliac or fibular bones and recipient site.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Non-innervation<br>Patients with segmental defects of mandible sized 5 to 12 cm long will be reconstructed using microsurgical iliac or fibular bone flaps. In traditional noninnervated group, neurorrhaphy will not be performed. Intervention: Procedure: Non-innervation | Procedure: Non-innervation<br>* This will be the traditional method of vascularized iliac or fibular bone flaps, and neurorrhaphy will not be performed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The efficiency of simultaneously innervated jaw bone reconstruction for preventing graft bone resorption. | The decreased ratio of the graft bone hounsfield unit calculated by Spiral CT examination ( The hounsfield unit value before bone graft - the hounsfield unit value 1 year after bone graft). It is used to reflect the degree of bone resorption. The efficiency is defined as: the decreased ratio of graft bone hounsfield unit value is less than 10%. | Follow-up for 2 years after bone grafting. | 
| The index of successful innervated reconstruction. | The innervation and sensation in the muscle island of innervated graft bone flap will be tested using neuroelectrophysiological and needling response examination. The graft bone samples taken by hollow drilling technique during the dental implant(s) procedure will be observed by silver staining. If medullated sensory nerve fibers will be observed, then it indicates successful innervation. | up to 1 year follow-up after bone grafting. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in the outer diameter of the graft bone. | Measure the outer diameter of the graft bone during the surgery and 1 year after the surgery and compare the difference. | During surgery; After 1 years of bone grafting. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Jaw reconstruction, Innervation, Bone resorption