Early Prevention of Childhood Obesity: an Active Pregnancy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of a supervised physical exercise program on the prevention of childhood obesity and its impact on the motor development of the offspring.

Detailed Description
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The environment where the fetus growths up is essential for the risk of developing some diseases in later life, such as obesity. Exercise has showed being useful in the prevention on excessive maternal weight gain which is linked to fetus weight.

Official Title
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Early Prevention of Childhood Obesity: an Active Pregnancy

Conditions
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Pregnancy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: A supervised physical exercise program


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Being healthy and able to exercise following American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines Being able to communicate in spanish Giving birth at Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, hospital Universitario de Puerta de Hierro and Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (Madrid). Exclusion Criteria: Multiparity Obstetrician complications Being interested in the study after 16 weeks Not being regular in physical exercise program Younger than 18 years old

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Control<br>Sedentary pregnant women | |
| Experimental: Exercise group<br>Supervised physical conditioning program of three 55-60 minute sessions per week during whole pregnancy (from week 9 to 38). Each session consists of 25-30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise,10 minutes of specific exercises (strength and balance exercises), and 10 minutes of pelvic floor muscles training Aerobic activity was prescribed at light to moderate intensity, aiming for 55-60% of heart rate reserve. All subjects wore a heart rate (HR) monitor (Polar FT7) during the training sessions to ensure that exercise intensity was light to moderate | Behavioral: A supervised physical exercise program<br>* Supervised physical conditioning program of three 55-60 minute sessions per week during whole pregnancy (from week 9 to 38). Each session consists of 25-30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise,10 minutes of specific exercises (strength and balance exercises), and 10 minutes of pelvic floor muscles training Aerobic activity was prescribed at light to moderate intensity, aiming for 55-60% of heart rate reserve. All subjects wore a heart rate (HR) monitor (Polar FT7) during the training sessions to ensure that exercise intensity was light to moderate<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body mass index of the offsprings | Body mass index was measured several times from 0 to 24 months | 0-24 postpartum months | 
| Fetus body composition | Fetus body composition (percentage of fat) was measured several times from 0 to 24 months | 0-24 postpartum months | 
| Change from baseline in Maternal gestational weight gain | Maternal weight gain during pregnancy | 40-42 weeks of gestation | 
| Changes in Baby motor development | Baby motor development was measured after delivery | 0-24 postpartum months | 
| Recovery time to pre-gestational weight | The time needed to recovery the pre-gestational weight was assessed. | 6-12 postpartum months | 
| Glycemia level of the offsprings | Glycemia level of the offsprings was measured until 24 months | 0-24 postpartum months | 
| Postpartum depression | The level of maternal depression was measured after delivery | 0-12 postpartum months | 
| Change from baseline in Body image satisfaction | Body image satisfaction was measured during and after pregnancy | up to 36 weeks | 
| Changes from baseline in maternal quality of life | Maternal quality of life was measured during and after pregnancy | up to 36 weeks | 
| Placenta measurements | Placenta measurements were collected at labor | At delivery | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Maternal outcomes | Type of labor, stage of labor and some other maternal variables were measured at delivery | At delivery | 
| Control of physical activity | Control the level of physical activity during and after pregnancy | up to 10 weeks | 
| Changes from delivery in Health of the offspring | Health of the baby included the measurement of other variables such as blood pressure and cholesterol of the offsprings until 24 months | 0-24 postpartum months | 
| Fetus outcomes | Fetus outcomes were measured at delivery: Apgar score, PH umbilical cord, size and height of the baby, head circumference | At delivery |