Improving Outcome Measures For Adult CF ACT Trials

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a randomised controlled cross-over trial involving adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from the Royal Brompton Hospital, London investigating outcome measures used in airway clearance trials. Each participant will attend the research facility for two visits. Participants will be randomly assigned to the order that they perform the study sessions. Visit A will involve a period of rest for up to 60 minutes in-between assessments; Visit B will involve a session of airway clearance (ACT) utilising ACBT supervised by a specialist physiotherapist in adult CF. Participants will perform the outcome measure (OM) tests of impulse oscillation system (IOS), lung clearance index (LCI), and spirometry, then either rest (visit A) or perform a supervised ACBT session (visit B) using electronic impedance tomography (EIT) during the session. IOS, LCI and spirometry will be repeated after the session. Sputum will be collected throughout the ACT or rest sessions and for 30 minutes after each of these sessions is completed. Questionnaires asking patient views on the OMs will be completed at the end of each study visit. Analysis will be based upon differences in outcome measures and in-between study days.

Detailed Description
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Research Question: Does the use of a new assessment tool box (Electronic Impedance Tomography (EIT), Lung Clearance Index (LCI), Impulse Oscillation System (IOS)) give results that are more sensitive to change for the effect of an airway clearance technique (ACT) (the Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT)) while having low variability and good repeatability in stable adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) than the traditional gold standard outcome measures of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and sputum wet weight? Hypothesis: The use of a new outcome assessment tool box will allow more sensitive information about the effects of ACTs in stable adult patients with CF than the current gold standard measures. This is a randomised controlled cross-over trial involving adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from the Royal Brompton Hospital, London. Participants will be their own controls. Each participant will attend the research facility for two visits. Prior to starting the study assessment session participants will be questioned to ensure they are in a stable state of their disease (characterised by symptoms and having had no treatment changes for 28 days prior to the visit). All participants will continue with the timing and prescribed dosing of all inhaled medications as directed prior to the study. Subjects will be their own controls. Subjects will be randomly assigned to the order that they perform the study sessions. Visit A will involve a period of rest for up to 60 minutes in-between assessments; Visit B will involve a session of airway clearance (ACT) utilising the Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT) supervised by a specialist physiotherapist in adult CF. The ACT session will last for thirty minutes minimum, to 60 minutes maximum until a consensus is reached between participant and physiotherapist that the participant's chest is clear. Subjects will perform the OM tests of impulse oscillation system (IOS), lung clearance index (LCI), and spirometry, then either rest (visit A) or perform a supervised ACBT session (visit B) using electronic impedance tomography (EIT) during the session. IOS, LCI and spirometry will be repeated immediately after the session. Sputum will be collected throughout the ACT or rest sessions and for 30 minutes after each of these sessions is completed. Questionnaires asking patient views on the OMs will be given for completion after the last OM test is completed on each study visit. There are no planned follow up measurements for participants in this study design. All usual medications will be permitted for this study. Attention will be paid to mucoactive drugs (Pulmozyme®, Mannitol®, Hypertonic saline) to ensure the same frequency and dosing of inhalations for both study visits. Data will be analysed in 3 groups based upon disease severity. Analysis will be based upon differences in outcome measures and in-between study days.

Official Title
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Improving Outcome Measures For Physiotherapy Trials of Airway Clearance in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis

Conditions
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Cystic Fibrosis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Airway clearance session using the Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT)
* Other: Rest period


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of CF (confirmed by standard criteria) Sixteen years of age or over Patients in a stable state (characterised by no required therapy changes within 28 days of visit and patient symptoms) Exclusion Criteria: Current infective exacerbation or reduction in lung function requiring therapeutic intervention Current moderate haemoptysis (greater than streaking in the sputum) Current dependency on positive pressure support with ACT Previous history of spontaneous rib fractures Pregnancy Inability to give consent for treatment or measurement Current participation in another interventional study Current dependency upon non-invasive ventilation Current dependency upon oxygen therapy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Visit A<br>Rest period for 30-60 minutes | Other: Rest period<br>* A 30-60 minute of resting<br>|
| Active Comparator: Visit B<br>Airway clearance session utilising the Active Cycle of Breathing techniques (ACBT) supervised by a specialist physiotherapist for 30-60 minutes. | Procedure: Airway clearance session using the Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques (ACBT)<br>* An airway clearance technique incorporating thoracic expansion exercises, breathing control (normal diaphragmatic breathing) and the forced expiration technique (or huffing)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Lung Clearance Index | This is a technique which involves breathing quietly through a tube whilst wearing nose clips. The test measures harmless tracer gases which are breathed in and out and measured by a sensitive gas-detection system. The LCI is calculated based on how long it takes for the gas to be breathed out from the lungs, and it shows if there are areas within the lung that are working less efficiently than others, for example when areas of the lung are clogged with mucus. | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second | A forced expiratory manoeuvre into a spirometer (value derived from 1 second blow) | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Electronic Impedance Tomography | This technique involves wearing a belt around the chest which has electrodes attached to it. Undetectable alternating electrical currents are then applied to the electrodes, which the participant will not be able to feel. The machine measures how easy or difficult it is for that current to travel through the lungs and any differences are calculated, giving a picture of the ventilation of the lung. | During intervention | 
| Change in Impulse Oscillation System | The Impulse Oscillation system is a non-invasive technique where the participant breathes normally through a mouthpiece whilst wearing a nose clip, into a machine which produces small pressure vibrations (oscillations). The machine measures these vibrations and any changes to them to give an idea of obstructions to the airways, for example any mucus clogging. | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Sputum Wet Weight | Amount of sputum expectorated will be measured in a pre-weighed pot | During intervention and for 30 minutes post-intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Forced Vital Capacity | A forced expiratory manoeuvre into a spirometer (value derived from full expiration) | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Change in Forced Expiratory Flow at 25% of Forced Vital Capacity | A forced expiratory manoeuvre into a spirometer (value derived from full expiration) | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Change in Forced Expiratory Flow at 50% of Forced Vital Capacity | A forced expiratory manoeuvre into a spirometer (value derived from full expiration) | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Change in Forced Expiratory Flow at 75% of Forced Vital Capacity | A forced expiratory manoeuvre into a spirometer (value derived from full expiration) | Immediately pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention | 
| Oxygen saturation measurements | Completed via a finger probe connected to a pulse oximeter which will record saturations over the whole session. | During interventions | 
| Patient feedback questionnaire | A patient reported outcome investigating the opinions of participants on each of the OMs completed during the trial using open and Likert scale questions | Straight after the intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Respiratory Physiotherapy, Airway clearance techniques, Outcome measures