Hallmarks of Protective Immunity in Sequential Rhinovirus Infections in Humans

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primary objective of this study is to assess the relationship between rhinovirus specific T-cell immunity and the human host response to primary rhinovirus challenge and subsequent secondary challenge with either homologous or heterologous rhinovirus serotypes.

Detailed Description
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The primary objective of this study is to assess the relationship between RV-specific T-cell immunity and the human host response to primary RV challenge and subsequent secondary challenge with either homologous or heterologous RV serotypes. The overall hypothesis that will be addressed by the mechanistic studies in this proposal is that T helper (Th) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells directed against conserved RV epitopes expand upon RV exposure and some of these cells persist as stable cross-reactive memory populations capable of displaying lineage-specific protective functions upon re-infection with related or unrelated strains of RV. The human specimens collected in this study will be analyzed with a variety of state-of-the-art techniques to provide an in depth description of T-cell responses to RV infection, and the correlation of these responses with viral infection, antibody responses, and illness. Beyond this objective, by using a systems biology approach, we aim to gain new insight into the role of diverse cell types involved in adaptive immunity to RV. .

Official Title
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Hallmarks of Protective Immunity in Sequential Rhinovirus Infections in Humans

Conditions
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Healthy Volunteers

Intervention / Treatment
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* Biological: human rhinovirus
* Other: no intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Subject must be 18-40 years of age Subject must read and sign a copy of the approved Consent Form Subject must have a serum neutralizing antibody titer of ≤1:2 to rhinovirus type 39 and rhinovirus type 16 Female subjects must be using an effective birth control method. Total IgE <150 IU/ml. Exclusion Criteria: Any clinically significant abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract Any clinically significant acute or chronic respiratory illness Any clinically significant bleeding tendency by history Hypertension that requires treatment with antihypertensive medications History of angina or other clinically significant cardiac disease Any upper respiratory infection or allergic rhinitis in the two weeks prior to the start of the study Any medical condition that in the opinion of the Investigator is cause for exclusion from the study Use of any anti-inflammatory (steroids or NSAIDs) or cough/cold preparation in the 1 month prior to the study Regular use of tobacco in the last 6 months (ie. more than 2 days out of 7) or inability to refrain from smoking during the study Inability to refrain from the use of common cold therapies in the 5 days after each rhinovirus challenge. Participation in any other clinical drug trial in the month prior to the study Female subjects with a positive urine pregnancy screen.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Volunteers who were infected with RV16 by experimental challenge were eligible for participation by re-challenge with either RV16 or RV39 to assess the host response to homologous or heterologous rechallenge.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: RV16 infected volunteers re-challenged with RV16<br>volunteers re-challenged with RV16 | Biological: human rhinovirus<br>* human rhinovirus<br>|
| Active Comparator: RV infected volunteers re-challenged with RV39<br>volunteers re-challenged with RV39 | Biological: human rhinovirus<br>* human rhinovirus<br>|
| Other: RV infected not rechallenged<br>Volunteers who were infected with RV16 and eligible for re-challenge but who were not re-challenged due to voluntary withdrawal (3) or removal for exclusion criteria | Other: no intervention<br>* 4 volunteers were not re-challenged and did not participate in the second challenge<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Virus Infection | Number infected after re-challenge with RV16 compared to RV39 as determined by virus isolation in cell culture or viral serology | Volunteers were cultured daily for detection of virus shedding for 5 days after the virus re-challenge and serum was collected for viral serology 4 weeks after virus re-challenge |