Abdominal Closure Bundle to Reduce Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing C-sections. Cesarean Section Lead to Reduction in Surgical Site Infection? - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is a single center, randomized controlled trial investigating the use of an abdominal closure bundle to reduce surgical site infection in patients undergoing cesarean section. The abdominal closure bundle consists of surgeon repeat scrub, changing gown and gloves, as well as usage of new instruments for closure of fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. Patients will be randomized to either abdominal closure bundle or normal operative procedure. Primary outcome is surgical site infection within 30 days of procedure.

Detailed Description
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All patients, aged 18 years or older, greater than 34 weeks of gestation who will be undergoing a scheduled cesarean section to be performed by Abington Primary Women's Health Care Group, Abington Ob/Gyn Associates, Womencare, Women's Health Care Group, Dr. Ron Hoffman, or the Ob/Gyn Chief Service will be considered for participation in this study. Scheduled cesarean sections include all routine cesarean sections- whether receiving spinal or general anesthesia, as well as patients who present to obstetrical triage in labor or with ruptured membranes who are for cesarean section. The following patients will be excluded from our study: Unscheduled, STAT or urgent cesarean sections from the labor floor (failure to descend, failure to progress, non-reassuring fetal heart tracing, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, prolapsed cord, etc.) SOAT (Surgical Operative Assist Team) cesarean sections Gestational age < 34 weeks for any reason Preterm premature rupture of membranes from antepartum unit As there are no published prospective trials abdominal closure bundles in cesarean sections, sample size calculations were completed using a recently published meta-analysis of multiple retrospective studies.4 These studies investigated various surgical site reduction techniques as applied to cesarean sections. Using this data, which shows an average pre-intervention SSI rate of 6% and post-reduction SSI rate of 2%, to detect a statistically significant reduction, we will need to enroll approximately 850 patients. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either normal operative procedure or the closing bundle through a randomized process. Simple randomization in a 1:1 ratio will be completed via Microsoft Excel. Group assignments will be placed in sealed opaque envelopes which will be located on the labor and delivery unit. The envelope will be opened by the resident physician or advanced practice professional who will be assisting with the cesarean section on arrival to the operating room. This will allow the scrub tech to prepare the closing tray prior to the start of the procedure if indicated. All patients will receive pre-operative antibiotics, chlorhexidine abdominal preparation, thirty second betadine vaginal preparation, hair removal by clippers at the operative site, lower extremity forced air warmer, subcutaneous tissue closure >2cm, subcuticular skin closure, and removal of surgical bandage on post-operative day 2. The abdominal closure bundle includes changing of the surgical gown and gloves, repeat surgical scrub, and usage of new surgical instruments, light handles, suction, and bovie tip for closure of fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. Given the nature of the intervention, the surgeon and patient will not be blinded to group assignment.

Official Title
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Does Implementation of an Abdominal Closure Bundle in Patients Undergoing Scheduled Cesarean Section Lead to Reduction in Surgical Site Infection? - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Surgical Site Infection, Cesarean Section; Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Abdominal Closure Bundle


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18 years or older Greater than 34 weeks of gestation who will be undergoing a scheduled cesarean section to be performed by Abington Primary Women's Health Care Group, Abington Ob/Gyn Associates, Womencare, Women's Health Care Group, Dr. Ron Hoffman, or the Ob/Gyn Chief Service will be considered for participation in this study. Patients who present to obstetrical triage in labor or with ruptured membranes who are for cesarean section are also included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Unscheduled, STAT or urgent cesarean sections from the labor floor (failure to descend, failure to progress, non-reassuring fetal heart tracing, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, prolapsed cord, etc.) SOAT (Surgical Operative Assist Team) cesarean sections Gestational age < 34 weeks for any reason Preterm premature rupture of membranes from antepartum unit

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Single center, randomized controlled trial
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Abdominal Closure Bundle<br>Surgeons will re-scrub, change gown and gloves prior to closure of fascia. Will also use new instruments, bovie tip, suction tip, and light handles, for closure of fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. | Procedure: Abdominal Closure Bundle<br>* Surgeons will re-scrub, change gown and gloves prior to closure of fascia. Will also use new instruments, bovie tip, suction tip, and light handles, for closure of fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Normal operative procedure. The abdominal closure bundle will not be used. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Surgical Site Infection | Definitions per 2017 CDC definitions | Within 30 days of procedure. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Risk factors for surgical site infection | Will collect demographic, obstetrical, and surgical characteristics and determine specific risk factors for surgical site infection in these patients. | Within 30 days of procedure. |