Activities of Daily Living Participation Characteristics Among School-Aged Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aimed to investigate the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) among 53 children ages 6-10 years: 17 with high-severity ASD (HS-ASD), 16 with low-severity ASD (LS-ASD), and 20 controls with typical development. Methods: The assessment combined a parent-reported questionnaire (the Participation in Childhood Occupation; PICO) alongside the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI self-care) and Performance-based task, the Washing Hands Structured Observation (WashHO).

Detailed Description
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study objectives were to: (a) Examine participation characteristics in self-care and daily activities of school-age children with HS-ASD and LS-ASD compared to children with typical development, based on the parent-reported Participation in Childhood Occupation Questionnaire (PICO-Q) for ASD and PEDI (b) Establish the validity and reliability of the WashHO assessment. The research hypotheses were (A) Significant differences will be found among children with HS-ASD, children with LS-ASD, and children with typical development in results of the PICO-Q and the PEDI self-care subtest of independence. (B1) The internal consistency of the WashHO assessment will be at a Cronbach alpha level equal to or greater than 70. (B2) Significant differences will be found among children with HS-ASD, LS-ASD, and typical development in the WashHO assessment performance criteria, thus establishing the WashHO's discriminate validity. (B3) Significant correlations will be found among the four PICO-Q ADL items, which involve performing a sequence of actions (bathing, hygiene, clothing, and washing hands) and the WashHO assessment performance scores, establishing its convergent validity. (B4) Significant correlations will be found among the WashHO performance and degree of independence scores and the PEDI independence subtest in self-care, establishing the WashHO's concurrent validity.

Official Title
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Participation of Children With Autism Using Parental Reporting Tools Combined With a Performance-based Tool, the Washing Hands Structured Observation (WashHO).

Conditions
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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: observation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Hebrew speakers study groups- ASD diagnosis provided by pediatricians or clinical psychologists according to DSM-5 criteria (APA, 2013). Exclusion Criteria: without ASD formal diagnosis

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 10 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| HS-ASD<br>high-severity ASD | Other: observation<br>* The assessment combined a parent-reported questionnaire (the Participation in Childhood Occupation; PICO) alongside the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI self-care) and a Performance-based task, the Washing Hands Structured Observation (WashHO).<br>|
| LS-ASD<br>low-severity ASD | Other: observation<br>* The assessment combined a parent-reported questionnaire (the Participation in Childhood Occupation; PICO) alongside the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI self-care) and a Performance-based task, the Washing Hands Structured Observation (WashHO).<br>|
| control<br>typical development | Other: observation<br>* The assessment combined a parent-reported questionnaire (the Participation in Childhood Occupation; PICO) alongside the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI self-care) and a Performance-based task, the Washing Hands Structured Observation (WashHO).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| PICO-Q ASD | The 34-item PICO-Q for ASD measures the level, enjoyment, and frequency of performance for children's participation in daily occupations in five domains: ADL (16 items), academic activity (seven items), play and leisure (four items), social functioning (four items), and routines and habits (two items; Bar-Shalita et al., 2009; Heller., 2013). In this study, each child could choose two addition items in which they were participating, and a handwashing item was added. Each item has four scores: difficulty in performance, frequency, involvement, and level of enjoyment, and scores range from 1 (low) to 5 (high). | through study completion, an average of 3 Months | 
| PEDI Self-Care Subtest | Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory- parent report about children's ADL performance abilities (Haley et al., 1992). The test includes eight items measuring the typical amount of assistance the caregiver provides during the child's completion of tasks such as eating, grooming, and handwashing. Each item is scored from 5 (independence, no physical assistance or supervision) to 0 (total assistance, the caregiver does the entire task) and includes scoring of frequency-type adjustments. The total scale score ranges between 0 and 100, with lower scores indicating higher severity levels. | through study completion, an average of 3 Months | 
| the Washing Hands Structured Observation (WashHO) | was developed based on the Do-Eat Performance-Based Assessment for Children (Do-Eat; Josman et al., 2010). examines BADL performance, sensorimotor skills, and executive functions abilities across the child's natural environments. includes four domains (a) performance analysis (10 items), (b) sensorimotor skills (SM; six items), (c) executive functions (EF; nine items), and (d) 10 unique performance characteristics. | through study completion, an average of 3 Months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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ASD, self care, ADL, daily function, executive functions