Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI)

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this research study is to determine if the utilization of brief motivational interviewing (BMI) during continuous care is superior compared to traditional oral hygiene instruction (OHI) to reduce patients' plaque score, bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) longitudinal. An additional goal is to investigate chairside time of implementing BMI.

Official Title
-----------------
Impact of Brief Motivational Interviewing During Continuous Patient Care to Enhance Oral Hygiene

Conditions
-----------------
Motivational Interviewing, BMI, OHI

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: BMI


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Male or Female ≥ 18 years old Periodontal maintenance phase (at least one year) Plaque score ≥30% (O'Leary plaque score) Minimum of two sites with BOP Willingness to fulfill all study requirements Patient of Record at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry Exclusion Criteria: Current smoker or quit smoking less than one year Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or unsure of pregnancy status (self-reported) Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C > 7) Medical conditions that may influence the outcome of the study (neurologic or psychiatric disorders, systemic infections, cancer, and/or HIV/AIDS) Current use of oral bisphosphonates History of IV bisphosphonates Require pre-medication or on long-term antibiotics Current orthodontic treatment or planning to begin orthodontic treatment during the study Unable to comply with the study protocol

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Traditional OHI (Control)<br>Advice giving method of OHI known as tell-show-do to inform, demonstrate, and expect patient compliance. | |
| Experimental: BMI (Test)<br>A derivative of motivational interviewing (MI), which is a patient-centered, collaborative counseling approach to strengthen an individual's intrinsic motivation towards a positive behavior change. BMI is intended for healthcare providers with limited time (5-10 minutes) to support a positive behavior change. | Behavioral: BMI<br>* A derivative of motivational interviewing (MI), which is a patient-centered, collaborative counseling approach to strengthen an individual's intrinsic motivation towards a positive behavior change. BMI is intended for healthcare providers with limited time (5-10 minutes) to support a positive behavior change.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plaque score | Excellent hygiene: 0-20%, Good hygiene: 21-40%, Fair hygiene: 41-60%, Poor hygiene: 61-100% | Recorded four times over a one year time frame | 
| Bleeding on probing (BOP) | Presence of bleeding (yes) or absent of bleeding (no) | Recorded four times over a one year time frame | 
| Gingival Index | 0= normal gingiva, 1=mild inflammation (no BOP), 2=moderate inflammation (BOP), 3=severe inflammation (spontaneous bleeding) | Recorded four times over a one year time frame |