Blood Donor Competence, Autonomy and Relatedness Enhancement

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether enhancing blood donor competence, autonomy, and/or relatedness increases intrinsic motivation to donate and improves donor retention.

Detailed Description
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For health, safety, and economic reasons there is a critical need for novel approaches to enhance the retention of new blood donors. The current study examines an innovative, theory-driven approach to retention by promoting intrinsic motivation to donate again among new blood donors. Self-determination theory (SDT) proposes that people are more likely to persist with behaviors that are internally versus externally motivated, and considerable research supports the notion that more internalized motivation is associated with better adherence in a variety of health contexts. Similar findings have also been reported in the blood donation context where measures of the extent to which a donor identity has been internalized are positively related to both donation intention and future donation behavior. Based on prior work, the investigators propose to test a multi-component intervention designed to enhance one, two, or all three of the fundamental human needs that contribute to internal motivation according to SDT (i.e., competence, autonomy, relatedness). Using a full factorial design, first-time donors will be randomly assigned to a control condition or an intervention that addresses one, two, or all three of the fundamental needs. The primary aim is to determine whether the intervention conditions, alone and in combination, increase the likelihood of a donation attempt in the next year. The second aim is to examine intervention-specific increases in competence, autonomy, and relatedness as potential mediators of enhanced donor retention. Finally, an exploratory aim will examine an integrative model of motivation that views autonomy as a mediating influence on the more proximal, situational-level determinants of behavior (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention).

Official Title
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Blood Donor Competence, Autonomy and Relatedness Enhancement (Blood Donor CARE)

Conditions
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Blood Donors

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Competence
* Behavioral: Autonomy
* Behavioral: Relatedness


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: First-time whole blood donor with New York Blood Center; Eligible to donate again; Willing to be randomly assigned; Have, or be willing to establish, an active Facebook account. Exclusion Criteria: History of more than one lifetime whole blood donation (with any blood center); Ineligible to donate again (based on New York Blood Center donor eligibility determination); Unwilling to be randomly assigned; Unwilling to sign up for closed Facebook group, if randomly assigned.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 16 Years
Maximum Age: 24 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Competence<br>Participants will be assigned to review our donor coping website. | Behavioral: Competence<br>* Participants will be assigned to review our donor coping website that combines text, videos, and interactive features to directly address common donor fears and to offer advice on empirically-validated strategies to reduce fear, pain, and syncopal reactions.<br>|
| Experimental: Autonomy<br>Participants will be assigned to receive a brief telephone interview. | Behavioral: Autonomy<br>* Participants will be assigned to receive a brief telephone interview that we have developed that encourages blood donors to reflect upon their unique motivations for giving and how the act of donating is consistent with their broader life goals and values.<br>|
| Experimental: Relatedness<br>Participants will be asked to join a closed Facebook group for one month. | Behavioral: Relatedness<br>* Participants will be asked to join a closed Facebook group for one month. The group encourages participants to discuss their experiences with blood donation, including such things as posting images of their donations and/or reasons for donating. Posts will be designed to encourage social interaction around donation experiences, identity formation and group affiliation.<br>|
| Experimental: Competence + Autonomy<br>Participants will be assigned to the web site review, followed by the brief telephone interview. | Behavioral: Competence<br>* Participants will be assigned to review our donor coping website that combines text, videos, and interactive features to directly address common donor fears and to offer advice on empirically-validated strategies to reduce fear, pain, and syncopal reactions.<br>Behavioral: Autonomy<br>* Participants will be assigned to receive a brief telephone interview that we have developed that encourages blood donors to reflect upon their unique motivations for giving and how the act of donating is consistent with their broader life goals and values.<br>|
| Experimental: Competence + Relatedness<br>Participants will be assigned to the web site review, followed by the one-month Facebook group membership. | Behavioral: Competence<br>* Participants will be assigned to review our donor coping website that combines text, videos, and interactive features to directly address common donor fears and to offer advice on empirically-validated strategies to reduce fear, pain, and syncopal reactions.<br>Behavioral: Relatedness<br>* Participants will be asked to join a closed Facebook group for one month. The group encourages participants to discuss their experiences with blood donation, including such things as posting images of their donations and/or reasons for donating. Posts will be designed to encourage social interaction around donation experiences, identity formation and group affiliation.<br>|
| Experimental: Autonomy + Relatedness<br>Participants will be assigned to the brief telephone interview, followed by the one-month Facebook group membership. | Behavioral: Autonomy<br>* Participants will be assigned to receive a brief telephone interview that we have developed that encourages blood donors to reflect upon their unique motivations for giving and how the act of donating is consistent with their broader life goals and values.<br>Behavioral: Relatedness<br>* Participants will be asked to join a closed Facebook group for one month. The group encourages participants to discuss their experiences with blood donation, including such things as posting images of their donations and/or reasons for donating. Posts will be designed to encourage social interaction around donation experiences, identity formation and group affiliation.<br>|
| Experimental: Competence + Autonomy + Relatedness<br>Participants will be assigned to the web site review, brief telephone interview, and one-month Facebook group membership. | Behavioral: Competence<br>* Participants will be assigned to review our donor coping website that combines text, videos, and interactive features to directly address common donor fears and to offer advice on empirically-validated strategies to reduce fear, pain, and syncopal reactions.<br>Behavioral: Autonomy<br>* Participants will be assigned to receive a brief telephone interview that we have developed that encourages blood donors to reflect upon their unique motivations for giving and how the act of donating is consistent with their broader life goals and values.<br>Behavioral: Relatedness<br>* Participants will be asked to join a closed Facebook group for one month. The group encourages participants to discuss their experiences with blood donation, including such things as posting images of their donations and/or reasons for donating. Posts will be designed to encourage social interaction around donation experiences, identity formation and group affiliation.<br>|
| No Intervention: Treatment-as-Usual Control<br>Participants will receive the standard communications that New York Blood Center has with all first-time donors. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Repeat Blood Donation Attempts | Donor records will be used to track all instances of subsequent donation attempts during the one-year follow-up. | one year plus 8 weeks post-initial donation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood Donation Attitude | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donation Subjective Norms | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donation Perceived Behavioral Control | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donation Intention | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donation Personal Moral Norm | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donation Anticipated Regret | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Donation Anxiety | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Decisional Balance Inventory for Blood Donation | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donation Ambivalence Scale | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donor Identity Survey | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donor Action and Coping Self-Efficacy | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Blood Donor Relatedness Scale | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Social Media Use Scale | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 
| Social Media Relatedness Scale | Participant receives email request to complete online questionnaire at specified times. | Pre-intervention (requested 1-2 weeks post-donation) and Post-intervention (requested 7 weeks post-donation) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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blood donor, retention, motivation, self-determination theory