The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to test whether the two MMPs can be up-regulated during orthodontic treatment. Alveolar bone samples will be collected from partially impacted third molars after orthodontic uprighting for different periods of time in volunteers.

Detailed Description
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Long treatment time is a major factor causing high fees for orthodontic treatment. Patients would have dental caries or periodontitis resulting from improper oral hygiene care during this long treatment period. How to speed up the tooth movement which determines the duration of orthodontic treatment, can help more people to obtain good occlusion and esthetics. Orthodontic force on a tooth induces bone resorption on the compression side and bone deposition on the tension side, thus the bone remodels and then the tooth moves. Therefore, bone resorption is the rate-limiting step of a lengthy orthodontic treatment. Bone resorption is a complex process. The mineral component is dissolved by acid from osteoclasts. On the other hand, the organic components are digested with proteolytic enzymes secreted from osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We focus on our study on specific proteases which can digest extracellular matrix, called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Osteoblast-derived MMPs play an important role during initiation of bone resorption. However, the mechanism of its regulation is not clear. The past studies applied stretching or tension on single layer of cultured cells to characterize cellular response to the mechanical stimulation. Now we simulate part of the bone resorption process by cultivating osteocyte-like cells in three-dimensional collagen gel under periodical compression. In a preliminary study, we focus on transcriptional changes of MMPs upon compression in an osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. Initial data form microarray indicated specific increase of two MMPs expression after one day of compression. This increased expression was specific because the levels of house-keeping genes (ex. Beta-actin or GAPDH) and bone-specific markers were unaltered. Therefore, we proposed that increased MMP expression of osteoblasts under compression is the first step for bone remodeling switching from synthesis to degradation of osteoid. In order to test this hypothesis, the following specific aims will be achieved: To test whether these two MMPs can be up-regulated during orthodontic treatment. Alveolar bone samples will be collected from partially impacted third molars after orthodontic uprighting for different periods of time in volunteers. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analysis for MMPs will reveal their roles in this physiological process. To optimize the regulation by changing the magnitude and frequency of the pressure, and characterize the time table for these changes.

Official Title
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The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Orthodontic Treatment

Conditions
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Tooth, Impacted, Molar, Third

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Orthodontic treatment


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Two mandibular third molars containing at least one mesially angular impaction with crown exposed to oral cavity Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Procedure: Orthodontic treatment|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tissue staining with antibody |  |  | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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orthodontic tooth movement, matrix metalloproteinase, Orthodontics