Antenatal Corticosteroid in Elective Cesarean Section

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Caesarean section is a risk factor for the development of neonatal respiratory complications, mostly respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnoea of the new-born, both in term and preterm infants.

Detailed Description
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Infants born at term by caesarean delivery are more likely to develop respiratory morbidity than infants born vaginally, and this risk increases furthermore for the subgroup of children born by elective caesarean section, i.e. before onset of labour, with potentially severe implications. The risk is decreasing with advancing gestational age, and infants born between 37+0 and 37+6 weeks are at 1.7 times more risk for respiratory complications than those born between 38+0 and 38+6 weeks, which in turn are at 2.4 times more risk than the infants born between 39+0 and 39+6 weeks. If women were given two intramuscular injections of 12 mg of dexamethasone, two doses for 48 hrs,the rates of admissions were 5.2% at 37 weeks, 2.8% at 38 weeks, and 0.6% at 39 weeks. Although none of the babies in the control group died, admission will increase parental anxiety, the cost to nursery unit and invasive procedures including artificial ventilation giving mothers dexamethasone, two doses before elective section halved neonatal morbidity. Five studies lasting between three and 20 years with more than 1500 patients have shown no adverse effect of single course of antenatal corticosteroid, neither through infection of the fetus or mother nor in long term neurological or cognitive effect In view of this evidence, it is currently recommended that elective caesarean section should be deferred to 39 weeks. However approximately 10%-15% of woman planed for c/s may deliver before 38 weeks, and there may be concern on waiting in the presence of speci c indications or previous history. Respiratory morbidity in cases of term elective caesarean birth appears to have a different pathophysiology than in preterm birth, and retention in the lungs being the most likely cause. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that apart from the traditional mechanical concept of vaginal squeeze, molecular mechanisms (predominantly lung epithelial sodium channels promote alveolar uid drainage, and these channels are under active in fetuses unexposed to the process of labor. Glucocorticoid appears to increase the number and the function of thyroid hormones, providing a rational for their exogenous administration in cases of elective caesarean delivery.

Official Title
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Role of Antenatal Corticosteroid Use in Elective Term Cesarean Section

Conditions
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Cesarean Section Complications

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Dexamethasone
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Maternal age (18-35 years) Singleton pregnancy Gestational age (38-40 years) Exclusion Criteria: Major maternal morbidities as DM and pre-eclampsia Sever oligohydramnios Premature rupture of membranes Women who receive steroids during pregnancy

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Dexamethasone<br>Dexamethasone 6mg, IM, 48 hours before cesarean section | Drug: Dexamethasone<br>* Dexamethasone 6mg, IM, 48 hours before cesarean section<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Placebo 6mg, IM, 48 hours before cesarean section | Drug: Placebo<br>* Placebo 6mg, IM, 48 hours before cesarean section<br>* Other names: Saline;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Incidence of respiratory complications after cesarean section | To determine respiratory distress in infants born by elective cesarean section | 30 min |