Salivary Calcium in Post-menopausal Women and Prevalence of Dental Caries

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Different phases of a woman's life are puberty, menses, pregnancy, and menopause. Menopause is one of the normal developmental stages in a woman's life, marks the permanent cessation of menstruation. It occurs due to irreversible changes in the hormones.The gradual variation and circulating sex hormones affect women's psychological balance and quality of life. The hormonal changes affect the reproductory system and affect the bone integrity and overall health of the individual. The only source of oocytes in women is an ovary. That is the primary source of oestrogens and progesterone, majorly the androgens. Therefore, various systemic health concerns like vasomotor symptoms, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, sexual problems, osteoporosis, and poor oral health

Detailed Description
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The presence of estrogen receptors detected through immunohistochemistry in the oral cavity plays a significant role in associating the effect of post-menopausal conditions to variations in the oral environment like salivary hypofunction, oral discomfort, and oral mucosal disorders. The vaginal mucosa and oral mucosa are similar histologically due to stratified squamous epithelium and desquamative growth pattern. Therefore, the variation in hormonal status in post-menopausal women may lead to the proliferation and maturation of oral epithelium in response to circulating estrogens. The keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the gingival tissues are majorly targeted by estrogen leading to periodontitis, fibroblastic hyperplasia, and desquamatic lesions. Therefore, it is a proven fact that gingiva is a traditional estrogen target, leading to the destruction of supporting structures of a tooth, causing periodontitis and thereby exposing tooth structure. Another primary oral manifestation in menopausal women is xerostomia/dryness of the mouth. The salivary components provide defense by maintaining the desired pH and decreasing the prevalence of caries, but estrogen levels directly decrease the salivary flow rate. Thus, the prevalent acidic pH causes demineralization and destruction of enamel, dentin making it more susceptible to dental caries. A correlation between bone mineral density, salivary calcium levels, and estrogen levels is already established. Hence, the salivary calcium levels can indicate increased demineralization of tooth surface and osteoporosis in menopausal. Hence, the present focuses on estimating salivary calcium levels and their association with the prevalence of dental caries in post-menopausal women.

Official Title
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Salivary Calcium in Post-menopausal Women and Prevalence of Dental Caries

Conditions
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Salivary Calcium

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Saliva


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: No metabolic disorders No medications taken in the past 3 months No periodontal disease Exclusion Criteria: Periodontal disease present Metabolic disease present Medications taken in the past 3 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Pre-menopausal<br>Pre-menopausal women | Other: Saliva<br>* Unstimulated whole saliva is collected<br>|
| Post-menopausal women<br>post-menopausal women | Other: Saliva<br>* Unstimulated whole saliva is collected<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Salivary calcium | Salivary calcium change | 2 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dental caries | Dental caries change | 2 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pre-menopausal, Post-menopausal, salivary calcium, dental caries