Gut Microbiota, SCFAs and Glucolipid Metabolism in Pregnant Women With Abnormal Fetal Size and Their Newborns

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Abnormal fetal size includes fetal growth restriction and fetal macrosomia. Onset is closely related to maternal nutrition metabolism. The specific correlation and mechanism is unclear, and there are no effective measures for early diagnosis and treatment. Previous study found that maternal gut microbiota participates in the material metabolism throughout the pregnancy. Insulin sensitivity in pregnant women, and intrauterine environment under abnormal blood glucose and lipid metabolism are important for the gut microbiota of newborns and even they grow up. However, changes in gut microbiota are the cause of the disease or the outcome is not yet clear. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced from soluble dietary fibers in the diet by colon bacteriolysis. Studies have found that gut microbiota can regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders through SCFAs. Therefore, this research group uses the gut microbiota as a new idea to studythe relationship of gut microbiota characteristics and level's change of SCFAs with glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pregnant women with abnormal fetal size and their newborns through 16S-rRNA high-throughput sequencing, pyrosequencing, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, so we can reveal the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of abnormal fetal size and explore targeted rational dietary adjustment and SCFAs reconstruction of gut microbiota to improve maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes.

Official Title
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Study on the Relationship of Gut Microbiota and Changes of SCFAs With Glucolipid Metabolism in Pregnant Women With Abnormal Fetal Size and Their Newborns

Conditions
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Fetal Growth Restriction, Gut Microbiota, Fetal Macrosomia, Glucolipid Metabolism

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: test gut microbiota, SCFAs and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Singleton pregnancy Term pregnancy with the gestational age of 37-40 weeks Exclusion Criteria: Maternal systemic diseases (hypertension disorders, immunological diseases) or pregnant complications (polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy) Delivery before 37 weeks or after 40 weeks Neonates had major congenital malformations (congenital anal atresia, congenital biliary atresia, congenital heart disease)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| normal pregnancy<br>pregnancy with a normal fetal size | Other: test gut microbiota, SCFAs and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity<br>* test gut microbiota and SCFAs in mothers and their newborns and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mothers<br>|
| fetal growth restriction<br>fetal birth weight is below two standard deviations of the average weight for the same gestational age, or below the 10th percentile of normal weight for the same age | Other: test gut microbiota, SCFAs and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity<br>* test gut microbiota and SCFAs in mothers and their newborns and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mothers<br>|
| fetal macrosomia<br>fetal birth weight ≥ 4000g | Other: test gut microbiota, SCFAs and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity<br>* test gut microbiota and SCFAs in mothers and their newborns and glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mothers<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gut Microbiota and SCFAs in mothers and their newborns | Collect the DNA of fecal flora to test the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota as well as short chain fatty acids in Stool samples | Stool samples from pregnant women with 37-40 gestational week and newborns within 3 days after birth | 
| glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pregnant women | glucolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in pregnant women with normal and abnormal fetal size | Blood samples from pregnant women with 37-40 gestational week |