Evolution of HIV Reservoir, Inflammation and Microbiota Footprint of PLWH Switching to Long-acting Injectable Treatment Compared to Patients on Oral Dual or Triple Anti-integrase-based Therapy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In the last 40 years of HIV history, we have managed to attain most of our therapeutic objectives, namely virological suppression of most patients and sufficient immune reconstitution. Still, immune activation and inflammation persist and even if they decrease on ART (AntiRetroviral Treatment), they do not disappear and may be associated to multiple non-AIDS related comorbidities. In this population structural and functional modifications of GALT (Gut Associated Lymphoïd Tissue) are observed early after HIV infection and persist despite virological suppression on ART. Moreover, imbalance of the gut microbiota which is called dysbiosis may participate in persistent activation and therefore enhancement of residual HIV viral replication. GALT modifications are associated with microbial translocation that is also correlated with immune activation and dysbiosis. Up to now, there is no evidence of a differential impact on inflammation, immune activation or cellular reservoirs of different ART regimens. Long-Acting (LA) regimens could theoretically display better inflammatory profile, since they have a better tissue distribution and could act more efficiently on HIV reservoirs. On the other hand, LA's direct administration shunting the gut passage could also contribute to less gut dysbiosis. The objective of our study is to assess impact on plasma biomarkers, cell-surface biomarkers, intestinal microbiota and cellular reservoirs of a switch from an oral dual or triple anti-integrase-based therapy ART regimen including an anti-integrase compared to a Long-Acting (LA) injectable treatment.

Official Title
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Evolution of HIV Reservoir, Inflammation and Microbiota Footprint of PLWH Switching to Long-acting Injectable Treatment Compared to Patients on Oral Dual or Triple Anti-integrase-based Therapy: a Prospective Longitudinal Comparative Study

Conditions
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HIV Infections

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Stool sampling
* Other: Blood plasma collection


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: PLWH at a the stable phase of their disease (absence of disease outbreak and absence of treatment modification in the 3 months preceding inclusion), Subject with ongoing HIV follow-up on an outpatient basis (outpatient or day hospital consultation) in the participating center, and having virological suppression at the threshold of 50 copies / mL for at least 1 year (blips < 200 copies / mL tolerated during this period) CD4 + T cell nadir> 200 / mm3 Having given free and informed written consent Being affiliated with or benefiting from a social security scheme. Exclusion Criteria: Persons treated with antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics or any other treatment that may disrupt the gut microbiota within two month before stool sampling. Subject only coming for full impatient follow-up

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients switching towards a long-aging injectable treatment<br> | Other: Stool sampling<br>* Stool samples will be collected from participants at baseline and W52<br>Other: Blood plasma collection<br>* Blood plasma collection to assess persistent inflammation, immune activation and HIV reservoir at baseline,W24,W52<br>|
| Patients maintaining oral ART 2-drug regimens<br> | Other: Stool sampling<br>* Stool samples will be collected from participants at baseline and W52<br>Other: Blood plasma collection<br>* Blood plasma collection to assess persistent inflammation, immune activation and HIV reservoir at baseline,W24,W52<br>|
| Patients maintaining oral ART 3 drug regimens<br> | Other: Stool sampling<br>* Stool samples will be collected from participants at baseline and W52<br>Other: Blood plasma collection<br>* Blood plasma collection to assess persistent inflammation, immune activation and HIV reservoir at baseline,W24,W52<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Variation of the HIV cellular reservoirs at W52 of two switch comparatively to baseline among the 3 groups of PLWH |  | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Variation of the Shannon index between 0 and 1 year in the different groups of PLWH compared to baseline |  | 12 months | 
| Variation of the immune profile in participants with an LA-based regimen compared to participants with an oral therapy at W24 and W52 |  | 12 months | 
| Correlation between the immune profile and the Shannon index at W52 among the different groups of PLWH |  | 12 months | 
| Correlation between the immune profile and the HIV-reservoirs at W52 among the different groups of PLWH |  | 12 months |