Effects of Varying Portion Size and Palatability on Food Intake of Preschool Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of the study is to determine the effect of varying both the portion size and the appeal (palatability and presentation) of foods served to preschool children at a meal on the outcomes of food and energy intake at the meal.

Official Title
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Lunch Feeding Study for Preschool Children

Conditions
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Feeding Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal (non-divided plate)
* Other: Smaller Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal (divided plate)
* Other: Larger Portion Size and Standard Appeal (non-divided plate)
* Other: Larger Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal (divided plate)
* Other: Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal (divided plate)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children who are enrolled in a scheduled classroom of the designated childcare centers Exclusion Criteria: Children who are allergic to any of the foods served Children whose diets exclude any of the foods served Children who will not be present at the childcare center for all of the scheduled study days

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 3 Years
Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal (non-divided plate)<br>Food with Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal on a non-divided plate | Other: Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal (non-divided plate)<br>* Food with Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal on a non-divided plate<br>|
| Experimental: Smaller Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal (divided plate)<br>Food with Smaller Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal on a divided plate | Other: Smaller Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal (divided plate)<br>* Food with Smaller Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal on a divided plate<br>|
| Experimental: Larger Portion Size and Standard Appeal (non-divided plate)<br>Food with Larger Portion Size and Standard Appeal on a non-divided plate | Other: Larger Portion Size and Standard Appeal (non-divided plate)<br>* Food with Larger Portion Size and Standard Appeal on a non-divided plate<br>|
| Experimental: Larger Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal (divided plate)<br>Food with Larger Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal on a divided plate | Other: Larger Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal (divided plate)<br>* Food with Larger Portion Size and Enhanced Appeal on a divided plate<br>|
| Experimental: Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal (divided plate)<br>Food with Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal on a divided plate | Other: Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal (divided plate)<br>* Food with Smaller Portion Size and Standard Appeal on a divided plate<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference between interventions in meal energy intake | Energy consumed at the meal (kcal) | Study weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference between interventions in food intake | Weight of food consumed at the meal (g) | Study weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 | 
| Difference between interventions in meal energy density | Energy density of the food consumed at the meal (kcal/g) | Study weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 |