EEG Responses to Arabic Music Scales

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Recent studies showed that various factors can contribute to the efficiency of a music therapy such as the type of music used, the type of instrument, the ethnicity, musical preference of the subjects and many others. Investigators noticed that most of studies and clinical trials, while acknowledging the importance of ethnicity and musical preferences, use the Western Music type in their investigations and practice. While in the Middle East, Music Therapy played a tremendous role in the 10th century since the scales theory of the famous Scientists El Farabi and Avicenna, very little countries of the Middle East are investing in scientific studies using Arabic Music as a therapeutic tool. This study will be an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based investigation on correlations of multiple factors that can influence the cortical responses of the subject to the music and self-reported state of emotion and anxiety.

Detailed Description
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This is the first clinical study involving Music in Qatar and the Gulf region, and the first study to explore Arab Music Scales using a combination of EEG and self-reported assessements. Using EEG, investigators will analyze the full brain activity of brainwaves produced by up to 100 subjects in response to the audio musical stimuli. 24 different audio recordings have been designed to investigate on different acoustic cues: with versus without quartertones known music versus improvisation Maqam Saba (sad) versus maqam Kurd (happy) 3 different Middle Eastern instruments: Ney, Oud and Qanun Two pitches: from Re or from Sol The presentation of the audio stimuli clips will be randomized by the SuperLab5 software and EEG brainwaves will be recorded using the Power Lab (AD instrument). Between every audio clip, recording will be paused to ask the subjects to self-report on their emotional and anxiety states using a self-evaluation questionnaire. Subjects will be randomly assigned to morning of afternoon sessions of recording. Using bioinformatic tools, investigators will perform a correlation study between EEG results, emotional self-report from the PANAS-X questionnaire, as well as answers to another questionnaire asking for their age, gender, ethnicity, right or left handedness, musical preferences, and if the subject plays an instrument. The outcomes will have direct applications on the development of personalized Music Therapy in the region for treatment and management of mental health conditions, neurodegenerative diseases and other conditions that are of high prevalence in the region.

Official Title
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An EEG-based Exploration of the Variables Affecting Cortical Responses to Arabic Music Scales for a Personalised and Effective Music Therapy in the Middle East: a Clinical Study

Conditions
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Healthy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Music listening / EEG recording


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age: 18 years old to or above (might include pregnant women) Living in Qatar Understand either English or arabic Exclusion Criteria: Individuals not meeting the inclusion criteria Individuals with auditory impairments Individuals with any known neurological condition (including epilepsy, Alzheimer, Parkinson, Autism etc) Individuals not able to come to the site (WCMQ). Adults not able to consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Each participants is exposed to 24 different audio recordings and asked to select emotion that best describes feeling after each auditory stimulus. The 24 audio stimuli are distributed in a random manner by computer. In addition, emotional assessment is performed before and after the session. This is a total of 26 arms.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| No Intervention: Before intervention<br>Participants answer questionnaire before any stimulus is given. | |
| No Intervention: After intervention<br>Participants answer questionnaire after the series of stimulus is given. | |
| Experimental: N1 (Ney - Improvisation- Saba Re)<br>Improvisation with Ney, on Saba maqam on Re. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O1 (Oud - Improvisation- Saba Re)<br>Improvisation with Oud, on Saba maqam on Re. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q1(Qanun - Improvisation- Saba Re)<br>Improvisation with Qanun, on Saba maqam on Re. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N2 (Ney - Improvisation- Saba Sol)<br>Improvisation with Ney, on Saba maqam on Sol. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O2 (Oud - Improvisation- Saba Sol)<br>Improvisation with Oud, on Saba maqam on Sol. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q2 (Qanun - Improvisation- Saba Sol)<br>Improvisation with Qanun, on Saba maqam on Sol. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N3 (Ney - Improvisation- Kurd Re)<br>Improvisation with Ney, on Kurd maqam on Re. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O3 (Oud - Improvisation- Kurd Re)<br>Improvisation with Oud, on Kurd maqam on Re. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q3 (Qanun - Improvisation- Kurd Re)<br>Improvisation with Qanun, on Kurd maqam on Re. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N4 (Ney - Improvisation- Kurd Sol)<br>Improvisation with Ney, on Kurd maqam on Sol. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O4 (Oud - Improvisation- Kurd Sol)<br>Improvisation with Oud, on Kurd maqam on Sol. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q4 (Qanun - Improvisation- Kurd Sol)<br>Improvisation with Qanun, on Kurd maqam on Sol. | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N5 (Ney - Known music- Kurd Re)<br>Known music with Ney, on Kurd maqam on Re. (El Rabii) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O5 (Oud - Known music- Kurd Re)<br>Known music with Oud, on Kurd maqam on Re. (El Rabii) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q5 (Qanun - Known music- Kurd Re)<br>Known music with Qanun, on Kurd maqam on Re. (El Rabii) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N6 (Ney - Known music- Kurd Sol)<br>Known music with Ney, on Kurd maqam on Sol. (El Rabii) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O6 (Oud - Known music- Kurd Sol)<br>Known music with Oud, on Kurd maqam on Sol. (El Rabii) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q6 (Qanun - Known music- Kurd Sol)<br>Known music with Qanun, on Kurd maqam on Sol. (El Rabii) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N7 (Ney - Known music- Saba Re)<br>Known music with Ney, on Saba maqam on Re. (Howa Sahih) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O7 (Oud - Known music- Saba Re)<br>Known music with Oud, on Saba maqam on Re. (Howa Sahih) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q7 (Qanun - Known music- Saba Re)<br>Known music with Qanun, on Saba maqam on Re. (Howa Sahih) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: N8 (Ney - Known music- Saba Sol)<br>Known music with Ney, on Saba maqam on Sol. (Howa Sahih) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: O8 (Oud - Known music- Saba Sol)<br>Known music with Oud, on Saba maqam on Sol. (Howa Sahih) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|
| Experimental: Q8 (Qanun - Known music- Saba Sol)<br>Known music with Qanun, on Saba maqam on Sol. (Howa Sahih) | Other: Music listening / EEG recording<br>* Participants listen to 24 different audio clips of 1 min long each, and select emotion in between. EEG is recorded while participants are listening. Participants select the emotion that best describes their feeling from Table 1 of the PANAS-X. https://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/clark/panas-x.pdf<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quantification of brain waves | Relative power of each of the brainwaves (alpha, beta, gamma, theta, delta). | During the intervention (an average of 30 minutes) | 
| Quantification of selected emotions | Count of every emotion (selected by participant from the provided Table). | immediately before each intervention | 
| Quantification of selected emotions | Count of every emotion (selected by participant from the provided Table) | immediately after each intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Music, Emotions, Ethnicity, Culture, Music Preference