Peanut Protein Supplementation to Augment Muscle Growth and Improve Markers of Muscle Quality and Health in Young Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study will evaluate the adaptations in skeletal muscle that occur in response to 10 weeks of weight training with or without peanut protein supplementation in untrained men and women ages 18-30

Detailed Description
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This is a two-phase study using both novel and conventional methods to assess how PP supplementation affects muscle tissue in young adults who engage in resistance training. These two phases will be conducted as part of a 10-week randomized controlled trial in which men and women aged 18-30 years (n=40), will be stratified by gender and randomized to a resistance training intervention (whole body, two days per week) with PP powder (72g daily; n=10 males, n=10 females) provided during the intervention (immediate group, IG) or after the intervention (wait-list control, WLC, n=10 males, n=10 females). The aims of this study are to determine the acute (deuterium oxide tracer) and chronic (peripheral quantitative computed tomography) effects of PP during resistance training on skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, changes in skeletal muscle size and quality, changes in whole and appendicular body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), changes in inflammatory markers and the fecal microbiome.

Official Title
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Peanut Protein Supplementation to Augment Muscle Growth and Improve Markers of Muscle Quality and Health in Young Adults

Conditions
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Sarcopenia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Peanut protein powder
* Behavioral: Full body resistance training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: body mass index (body mass/height squared) less than 35 kg/m2 resting blood pressure averaging less than 140/90 mmHg (with or without medication) Exclusion Criteria: known peanut allergy actively participating in resistance training for more than 2 days/week any known overt cardiovascular or metabolic disease metal implants that will interfere with x-ray procedures medically necessary radiation exposure in the last six months (except dental x-ray) any medical condition that would contradict participating in an exercise program, giving blood or donating a skeletal muscle biopsy (i.e. blood clotting disorder or taking blood thinners) pregnant or trying to become pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Intervention group will receive the supplement during the study period and the wait-listed control group will receive the supplement after the study period. Both groups will participate in resistance training during the 10 week period
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Immediate Intervention Group<br>Participants will complete 10 weeks of twice-weekly whole body resistance training. Peanut protein powder (72g/day) will be provided for daily consumption during the study period | Dietary Supplement: Peanut protein powder<br>* Peanut protein powder will be provided to participants who will be instructed to consume 72g daily, mixed with water<br>Behavioral: Full body resistance training<br>* Participants will undergo supervised resistance training two times per week (5 exercises, 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions per set)<br>|
| Active Comparator: Wait-list Control Group<br>Participants will complete 10 weeks of twice-weekly whole body resistance training. Peanut protein powder will be provided after the study period | Behavioral: Full body resistance training<br>* Participants will undergo supervised resistance training two times per week (5 exercises, 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions per set)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in acute myofibrillar protein synthesis rates | Change in right leg vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates using the integrated deuterium oxide technique from biopsies immediately before and 24 hours after resistance exercise Change in right leg vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates using the integrated deuterium oxide technique from biopsies immediately before and 24 hours after resistance exercise | 24 hours | 
| Change in mid-thigh skeletal muscle area and quality | Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) cross-sectional image of mid-right thigh assessed for overall muscle density (mg/cm^3) | 0-10 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in appendicular lean mass | Change in lean mass (kg) of limbs as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | 0-10 weeks | 
| Change in Type I and II Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area | Muscle biopsy immunofluorescent staining for determination of type I and type II muscle fiber cross sectional area (fCSA) as a cellular determinant of skeletal muscle hypertrophy | 0-10 weeks | 
| Change in leg extensor isokinetic dynamometry | maximal isokinetic right leg extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer (BioDex) | 0-10 weeks | 
| Change in fecal microbiome composition | alpha- and beta-diversity of 16S bacterial rDNA | 0-10 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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resistance training, muscle hypertrophy, muscle quality