Effect of Acute Nitrate Supplementation on Vascular Function in Hispanic, Black and White Population

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the study is to assess vascular function in African Americans, Hispanic and Caucasian Americans to better understand racial differences in cardiovascular health. The investigators will further investigate the affect of Beetroot juice on the vascular function of all participants.

Detailed Description
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African Americans and Hispanic individuals have the highest incidence of type 2 diabetes, which increases their risk of all cardiovascular diseases. One of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes is vascular dysfunction, caused by a lack of nitric oxide bioavailability. Vascular function and blood flow responses to exercise have been shown to improve after nitrate supplementation (beetroot juice), However, whether nitrate supplementation will improve vascular function in African American and Hispanic individuals remains unknown. The investigators will perform a randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy African American, Hispanic and Caucasian subjects. They will be studied before and 90 minutes after consuming Beetroot juice (high nitrate supplement) or Placebo, with at least 1-week washout period between the two visits (Kenjale AA et al., J Appl Physiol 2011).

Official Title
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Effect of Acute Nitrate Supplementation on Vascular Function in Hispanic, Black and White Population

Conditions
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Healthy Adults

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo drink


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy men and women who are either Caucasian American, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic African American Exclusion Criteria: Blood pressure higher than or equal to 140/90 mmHg BMI > 35kg/m2 Have a history of cardiovascular, neurological or vascular diseases Take prescription medications Are smokers Are pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial
Masking: Triple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Beetroot Juice<br>140 ml of beetroot juice (high nitrate dietary supplement) | Dietary Supplement: Beetroot juice<br>* high nitrate supplement<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Placebo drink looks and tastes like the beetroot juice but has the nitrate removed from the juice. | Dietary Supplement: Placebo drink<br>* placebo<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forearm blood flow | Blood flow of the brachial artery will be measured continuously at rest, during 3 min of handgrip exercise and for up to 1 min after the cessation of handgrip exercise. | through study completion, an average of 2 year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Flow mediated vasodilation | The subjects will lay supine with arm extended on a side table. Resting brachial artery diameter and velocity will be measured at rest for 2 min. Following this, a pneumatic cuff will be inflated on the forearm to supersystolic pressure (220-240 Torr) for 5 min and once the cuff is released, brachial artery diameter and velocity will be measured for up to 3 minutes after cuff deflation. FMD% will be calculated as (highest diameter after cuff deflation - baseline brachial artery diameter)/ baseline diameter * 100 | through study completion, an average of 2 year |