Triceps Range of Motion Exercise on Shooting Accuracy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Theories support that nearly all the movements performed by athletes- from rebounding to steal the basketball, to riding a bicycle occur within a small range of motion and training in partial range can improve the isometric strength within the range of motion which it is trained and also increase the full range of motion (FROM) strength as well. The best training method to improve the shooting accuracy among basketball players remains unclear, despite the numerous training methods being available. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of tricpes full range of motion vs triceps partial range of motion training on shooting accuracy among recreational basket ball players. The previous research has mostly focused on measuring the isokinetic strength at different speed in relation to shooting accuracy and there is limited research which has explored the triceps strength using partial range exercise.

Detailed Description
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Optimally designed exercise protocols for weight training are are based on scientiﬁc principles which manipulate essential training variables, including the order of the exercise, frequency, volume, intensity, rest intervals between sets, and others. The distance covered by the repetition that is carried out within a restricted part of a repetition is defined as a partial repetition (PR). The starting range of motion or range which is close to full range of the repetition are most commonly focused in most cases of sports training's. It is because of the muscle length-tension relationship, activation of the muscle and total mass of muscle, the muscle strength which is produced by full range of the movement of any particular joint will vary. In resistance training, the training range is most beneficial and effective if the repetition is stopped right before the full contraction is achieved, as this stopping prevents the load being always applied to the working muscle. For some of the exercises, the risk of a muscle tear is increased by the point of total contraction on the negative movement because muscle fibers are stretched way beyond the control point. Partial range of motion (PROM) is a mode of training which is not a recent finding and has projected some beneficial effects and efﬁciency in improving the outcomes in addition of improving the isometric strength. When the shoulder is elevated beyond 90°, the medial head of the triceps is activated the most. During basketball shooting, the medial head of triceps is important as the shoulder elevation is more than 90° when performing a jump shooting. According to this analysis of muscle force and activation of each head of triceps in relation to motion of shoulder elevation and elbow angle, it shows that medial head is most activated at 180° of shoulder elevation and between 60° to 110° of elbow extension. Thus, it can be suggested that when performing a jump shooting with shoulder elevation more than 90°, the medial head of triceps helps in forceful extension of arm to throw the basketball. PROM resistance training is proven to have positive effects in strength gain in various ranges and isokinetic strength of triceps that are correlated with shooting accuracy. This study will investigate the effectiveness of FROM and PROM training in improving shooting accuracy as there is dearth in current literature on triceps isotonic strength of different range of motion on shooting accuracy. This will be a single blinded randomized control trial study and a total of male 30 participants would be recruited using purposive sampling method. Participants will be assigned into three groups; FROM, PROM and control group (CON). Using the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both groups throughout the training; FROM will train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM would train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. Both groups will perform at 67% of 1 repetition maximum with 10 repetition in one set, and a total of 4 sets will be carried out by each group. A rest period of 2 minutes will be permitted between sets. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week (muscle soreness is reduced greatly after 72 hours of rest after exercise will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol. All the participants will be tested as baseline and at the end of four weeks training using three point shooting (S3P). The shooting accuracy will be measured using S3P method. The subjects will be required to perform 3 sets of the test to get an average score. There will be 5 positions marked on the basketball court, each point at a distance of 6.25m away from the hoop. The first point will be set at the right wing of the court, which is at 0° to the hoop, the second point will be set 45° away from the first point, and also 6.25 m from the hoop, third point at 90°, facing the board and the hoop, also marked 6.25 m away from the hoop. The 4th and 5th point will be similar to 1st and 2nd point, just that the points will be marked to the left side of the court. Each player will shot for 10 points in one set, 2 points from each point.

Official Title
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Effect of Triceps Range of Motion Exercise on Shooting Accuracy Among Recreational Basket Ball Players

Conditions
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Recreational Basket Ball Players

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Resistance Training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male Recreational Basket Ball Players Age 18 to 25 years Height 1.7 to 1.8 meters Exclusion Criteria: Female Gender Professional Basket Ball Payers Presence of Musculo-skeletal Injury in past 6 months Performance enhancing Drugs Any influence of any Medication that can affect Balance and Co-ordination

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Partial Range of Motion (PROM)<br> | Other: Resistance Training<br>* Using the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both (PROM & FROM) groups throughout the training; FROM would train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM will train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol.<br>|
| Experimental: Full Range of Motion (FROM)<br> | Other: Resistance Training<br>* Using the cable machine, shoulders will be flexed to 180° for both (PROM & FROM) groups throughout the training; FROM would train with full elbow extension (complete elbow flexion to extension) whereas PROM will train with partial elbow extension from 60° to 110°. A total of 8 sessions, 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks will be carried out by both groups. CON group will not participate in training protocol.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control (CON)<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| three point shooting (S3P) | The shooting accuracy will be measured via 3 attempts of S3P method. The subjects will be required to perform 3 sets of the test to get an average score. 5 positions will be marked on the basketball court, each point 6.25m away from the hoop. The first point would be set at the right wing of the court, which is at 0° to the hoop, the second point will be set 45° away from the first point, and also 6.25 m from the hoop, third point at 90°, facing the board and the hoop, also marked 6.25 m away from the hoop. The 4th and 5th point will be similar to 1st and 2nd point, just that the points would be marked the left side of the court. Each player will shot for 10 points in one set, 2 points from each point. | At baseline (before intervention begun) and 1 day post 4 weeks of training | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Partial Range of Motion, Full Range of Motion