The Relationship of Orthodontic Malocclusions With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The patients who applied to the hospital for orthodontic treatment were asked various questions to evaluate their oral health related quality of life, malocclusions and self reported temporomandibular joint problems.

Detailed Description
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The patients who applied to the hospital for orthodontic treatment were asked various questions to evaluate their oral health related quality of life, malocclusions and self reported temporomandibular joint problems. For this purposes Oral Health Impact Profile-14, and Helkimo's indexes were used.The relationship between these results were investigated.

Official Title
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Investigation of the Relationship of Orthodontic Malocclusions With Temporomandibular Joint Disorders by Helkimo's Indices and Oral Health Impact Profile-14

Conditions
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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Age 0-18
* Other: Age 18-26
* Other: Girls
* Other: Boys


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: wish to receive orthodontic treatment in our clinic. Exclusion Criteria: The absence of willingness for the temporomandibular joint and clinical examination or answering the survey questions.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 27 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Oral Health Impact Profile<br>To evaluate the Oral Health-related Quality of Life, Turkish version of Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was used. Responses were made on a scale 0 (never), 1(hardly ever), 2 (occasionally), 3 (fairly often),and 4 (very often).Oral Health-related Quality of Life impairment was characterized by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 summary score (the sum of all 14 items, potential range 0-56). Higher Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scores mean worse Oral Health-related Quality of Life and vice versa. | Other: Age 0-18<br>* Patients under 18 years of age<br>Other: Age 18-26<br>* Patients over18 years of age<br>Other: Girls<br>* Girls<br>Other: Boys<br>* Boys<br>|
| Helkimo's anamnestic dysfunction index<br>As a method based on patient feedback for the determination of the degree of temporomandibular disorders, anamnestic index was used. For this purpose eight questions were asked to the patients that includes answers as 'yes' or 'no'. (Table 2) The analyses of the questionnaire was done according to anamnestic scale as 0: no symptoms; I: mild symptoms (sensation of the jaw fatigue, jaw stiffness, and temporomandibular joint sounds as clicking or crepitus) and II:severe symptoms (included one or more of the following: Difficulty in the mouth opening, jaw locking, mandible dislocation and its painful movement and painful temporomandibular joint region and/or masticatory muscles) | Other: Age 0-18<br>* Patients under 18 years of age<br>Other: Age 18-26<br>* Patients over18 years of age<br>Other: Girls<br>* Girls<br>Other: Boys<br>* Boys<br>|
| Visual analog scale (VAS) for facial pain:<br>Facial pain was measured by asking the patients if they had had any pain during last 12 months and made them mark the intensity of the pain on a visual analog scale which had the anchor points at the left (no pain) and right (worse pain) ends of a 10 cm horizontal line. The analyses of the facial pain was done as fallowing: if the patient marked no facial pain the Visual analog scale value was accepted as 0 and if the patient marked any level of facial pain Visual analog scale value was accepted as 1. | Other: Age 0-18<br>* Patients under 18 years of age<br>Other: Age 18-26<br>* Patients over18 years of age<br>Other: Girls<br>* Girls<br>Other: Boys<br>* Boys<br>|
| Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index (DI):<br>Maximum opening of mandible, deviation during opening, dysfunction of temporomandibular joint, pain in the temporomandibular joint and pain in the masticatory muscles was evaluated | Other: Age 0-18<br>* Patients under 18 years of age<br>Other: Age 18-26<br>* Patients over18 years of age<br>Other: Girls<br>* Girls<br>Other: Boys<br>* Boys<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oral Health Impact Profile | Oral Health Impact Profile relations between patients under 18 and over 18 and between girls and boys | through study completion, an average of 2 months. The scale ranged from 0-5. All data will be summed at the end of the study. Higher values means worse quality of life standard | 
| Helkimo's anamnestic dysfunction index | Helkimo's anamnestic dysfunction index relations between patients under 18 and over 18 and between girls and boys | through study completion, an average of 2 months. The scale ranged from 0-3. Higher scale means worse quality of life standards | 
| Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index | Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index relations between patients under 18 and over 18 and between girls and boys | through study completion, an average of 2 months. The scale ranged from 0-3. Higher scale means worse quality of life standards | 
| Visual analog scale | Visual analog scale relations between patients under 18 and over 18 and between girls and boys. The scale ranged from 0-1. If the patient marked no facial pain the visual analog scale value was accepted as 0, if the patient marked any level of facial pain visual analog scale value was accepted as 1. | through study completion, an average of 2 months. |