The Severe Asthma Research Program III-Boston Clinical Site

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Asthma is a disease characterized by inflammation in the airways. The body naturally makes compounds that reduce inflammation. Unfortunately, for patients with severe asthma, the pathway these compounds use to reduce inflammation seems to be perturbed. Investigators have chosen to focus on the anti-inflammatory compounds called lipoxins and how they work through the ALX Axis, a name given to the ALX receptor pathway and its ligands. Work from the Brigham and Women's Hospital has suggested that in patients with severe asthma, the ALX axis may not work properly and therefore may not shut off inflammation as expected. Also, there is information to suggest that in some cases, steroids (prednisone and similar drugs), which are commonly used to treat asthma, may affect the ALX axis in a negative way, paradoxically making the inflammation worse instead of better. As part of the NIH Severe Asthma Research Program the Asthma Research Center's goal is to identify what causes the problems in the ALX axis in severe asthma. To do so, participants with severe asthma will be compared to participants with milder forms of asthma. Investigators will use samples taken directly from the lungs of people with asthma, as well as blood, urine and CT scans of the lungs to better understand how the ALX axis changes both before and after corticosteroid treatment and throughout a three year span. Participants will come into the Asthma Research Center to have the procedures done. Investigators expect participants will perform breathing tests and complete questionnaires and diaries. To better understand if corticosteroids negatively affect the ALX axis in severe asthma, researchers will take samples before and after a one time steroid injection equivalent to a prednisone treatment for asthma. Participants will perform two bronchoscopy procedures, before and after corticosteroid treatment, where biopsies and cells will be obtained from the participant's lungs. Investigators will use these samples to observe any changes that the corticosteroid may have on the ALX axis. At the end of the study, researchers at the Brigham and Women's Hospital expect to understand the ALX axis in such a way that will allow them to formulate new therapies and drug targets to treat people with asthma, especially severe asthma, more effectively. In Boston, this study will be run together by the Asthma Research Center at the Brigham and Women's Hospital (adults) and Boston Children's Hospital (children).

Detailed Description
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Severe asthma accounts for the majority of the morbidity and mortality related to asthma. It is characterized by persistent airway inflammation despite anti-inflammatory therapy, persistent airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling of the airways that includes fibrosis. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and 15-epimer-LXA4 are lipid-derived mediators that have been shown to promote anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving cellular responses through their effects at ALX/FPR2 receptors. They promote resolution of inflammation, inhibit airway hyperresponsiveness, and counteract pro-fibrotic processes. Investigators at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and others have shown that the ALX effector pathway and its constituent ligands (ALX axis) is perturbed in severe asthma (SA) compared with non-severe asthma (NSA). Specifically, in SA LXA4 production is decreased and ALX/FPR2 receptor expression is reduced. Further, investigators at the Brigham and Women's Hospital have shown that low levels of lipoxins, relative to pro phlogistic leukotrienes, are associated with reduced airway function (FEV1). Considering these data and the function of the ALX axis, it appears that perturbations of constituents of this axis could identify, and perhaps underlie, several of the processes that characterize severe, progressive asthma. Further to this point, work in progress being done at the Brigham and Women's Hospital indicates that corticosteroids (CS) interactions with the ALX axis may underlie some of these perturbations. CS can decrease the production of LXA4. More importantly, while CS increase production of pro-resolving annexin A1, they also appear to promote pro-inflammatory signaling through ALX/FPR2 via upregulation of serum amyloid A (SAA). SAA is expressed in the lung and is associated with exacerbations of COPD. Hypotheses: Peripheral blood leukocytes and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids will be obtained from SA and NSA subjects before and after intramuscular triamcinolone at baseline to test the hypothesis that in vivo corticosteroids will reduce pro-inflammatory cellular responses and enhance LXA4-mediated anti-inflammatory responses in the majority of asthmatic subjects. There is a sub-group of individuals with severe asthma in which in vivo corticosteroids will paradoxically increase pro-inflammatory responses. Investigators will also test the hypothesis that such paradoxical signaling can be overcome by lipoxins. In addition, investigators will test the hypothesis that basal p anti-inflammatory responses are dampened in severe asthma. Investigators at the Brigham and Women's Hospital hypothesize that a cohort of severe asthmatic subjects with impaired counter-regulatory signaling will have a specific ALX axis phenotype that will predispose them to increased inflammation, asthma exacerbations and disease progression. Investigators will test the hypothesis that in vivo corticosteroids will not increase (and may decrease) LXA4 or 15-epi-LXA4 but will increase annexin A1 and serum amyloid A and that the levels of these compounds post-CS will differ by disease severity, remaining stable over a 3 year interval. Samples will be obtained at study entry before and after intramuscular triamcinolone to test the hypothesis that in vivo corticosteroids increase ALX/FPR2 expression in leukocytes and airway cells.

Official Title
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ALXR/FPR Mediated Signaling in Severe Asthma (AMSA)-The Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) III

Conditions
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Asthma

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Ages 6-60 FEV1 bronchodilator reversibility ≥12% or methacholine PC20 ≤16 mg/mL Ability to provide informed consent Ability to perform pulmonary function tests Exclusion Criteria: Pregnancy (if undergoing methacholine challenge or bronchoscopy) Current smoking Smoking history > 10 pack years if ≥ 30 years of age or smoking history > 5 pack years if < 30 years of age (Note: If a subject has a smoking history, no smoking within the past year) Other chronic pulmonary disorders associated with asthma-like symptoms, including (but not limited to) cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, vocal cord dysfunction that is the sole cause of asthma symptoms, severe scoliosis or chest wall deformities that affect lung function, or congenital disorders of the lungs or airways Participants who cannot undergo bronchoscopy due to: 1) hospitalization for asthma within the 6 weeks prior to bronchoscopy, 2) > 12 asthma exacerbations within the 6 months prior to bronchoscopy, 3) intubation for asthma within the 6 months prior to bronchoscopy, 4) older than 60 years of age, 5) increased corticosteroid use in the 14 days prior to bronchoscopy. (Increased corticosteroid use recognized as a dose which is both numerically at least twice that of baseline, and which is at least 20 mg/day greater than the baseline dose.) History of premature birth before 35 weeks gestation Planning to relocate from the clinical center area before study completion Currently participating in an investigational drug trial Unwillingness to receive an intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide injection.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Severe Asthma<br>We will classify subjects as having severe asthma using the following stages: Stage 1: Subjects must have asthma which requires treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a 2nd controller, or systemic corticosteroids with or without a 2nd controller to prevent it from becoming uncontrolled or which remains uncontrolled despite this therapy Stage 2: Assess for uncontrolled asthma by any one of the following criteria: Poor symptom control evidenced by an Asthma Control Questionnaire score consistently > 1.5 or an Asthma Control Test Score < 20 or not well controlled by NAEPP or GINA asthma treatment guidelines Frequent severe exacerbations as reflected by ≥ 2 bursts of systemic corticosteroids (> 3 days each) in the previous 12 months Serious exacerbations reflected by at least one hospitalization, ICU stay or mechanical ventilation in the previous 12 months Presence of airflow limitation evidenced by FEV1 < 80% predicted (in the face of reduced FEV1/FVC) | |
| Non-severe Asthma<br>Those with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma as defined by the NAEPP EPR-3 guidelines. | |
| Healthy Control<br>The purpose of the SARP Control Sub-study is to generate reference data for outcomes measured in biospecimens collected from asthmatic subjects enrolled in the SARP Longitudinal Protocol. Seven healthy subjects between the ages of 18-65 will be enrolled. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Longitudinal change in maximum bronchodilator (BD) FEV1 response. |  | Evaluated at Visits 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Months 0, 1, 12, 24, 36) | 
| Changes in values of ALX axis ligands and ALX/FPR2 receptor expression before and after corticosteroid treatment in severe asthmatics and non-severe asthmatics. | Sputum, blood, and bronchoscopic specimens will be obtained before and after parenteral triamcinolone to directly assess the ALX axis in the airway. Particular attention will be paid to the change in LXA4, 15-epi-LXA4, SAA, and ANXA1 ligands. | Evaluated at Visit 2, 2b, 3, 3b (Days 7, 9, 23,25) | 
| Change in CT measures of airway wall thickness (WA%) over 3 years | Data will only be collected from adult participants. | Evaluated at Visits 2, 6 (Months 0, 36) | 
| Number of severe asthma exacerbations per subject |  | Evaluated at Visits 1, 2, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5, 5a, 6 (Months 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36) | 
| Plasma LXA4/CysLT levels and their ability to predict increases or decreases in FEV1, exacerbations, and WA% over time. |  | Evaluated at Visits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Months 0, 1, 12, 24, 36) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Asthma, Severe Asthma, SARP