Vessel Wall Imaging for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Central Nervous System (CNS) Vasculitis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a prospective pilot study to determine the utility of MRI and high resolution intracranial vessel wall imaging for the diagnosis and disease activity assessment of intracranial vasculitis.

Detailed Description
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This study will evaluate patients with suspected primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS), recruited during initial work-up by our multi-disciplinary team. Given the low incidence of CNS vasculitis and the fact that some patients are routed to a quaternary care center after initial work-up and diagnosis, evaluation of both groups will be useful to maximize the number of participants evaluated and to provide a representative sample of patients typically treated. During the study, participants will ultimately be deemed to have; A specific clinical and pathologic subtype of PACNS, PACNS not otherwise specified (NOS) without pathologic or clinical proof of a specific subtype, or An alternative diagnosis other than PACNS. Patients will undergo a standardized imaging and clinical examination at presentation and at pre-defined follow-up periods. Imaging examinations will include an MRI of the head, standard magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of the head, and intracranial vessel wall imaging without and with IV gadolinium. Patients will receive up to 4 imaging examinations at predefined intervals as part of this study. MRI/MRA/Vessel wall features will be evaluated by 2 neuroradiologists. Imaging findings will be correlated to clinical and any available laboratory or pathologic data. The target accrual is 10 patients for this pilot study.

Official Title
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The Utility of Intracranial Vessel Wall Imaging for Suspected CNS Vasculitis Diagnosis and Assessment of Disease Activity.

Conditions
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Vasculitis, CNS, Vasculitis, Cerebral

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: MRI, including intracranial vessel wall imaging


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The patient is determined to have suspected PACNS upon evaluation by a neurologist or rheumatologist or may have an established diagnosis of PACNS of any duration as determined by a neurologist or rheumatologist. Ability to undergo routine clinical testing, including lumbar puncture performed for PACNS to exclude potential alternative diagnoses (for initial suspected cases). Ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Less than 18 years of age. Any absolute contraindication to 3 Tesla MRI. Any absolute contraindication to gadolinium. Contraindication to lumbar puncture such as severe coagulopathy. High risk carotid atherosclerotic plaque defined as either greater than 70% stenosis or known high risk plaque features such as intra-plaque hemorrhage. Medium or high risk factors for cardioembolic stroke based on the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Patients with suspected primary CNS vasculitis.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Suspected CNS Vasculitis<br>Patients with suspected CNS vasculitis will undergo an MRI, including intracranial vessel wall imaging. | Diagnostic Test: MRI, including intracranial vessel wall imaging<br>* MRI/MRA/intracranial high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Subjects with Diagnosis of Stroke | Clinical or MRI evidence of stroke on follow-up exam. | Approximately 5 months after baseline |