Oral Alkali Production and Caries Prevention in Children (Cross-sectional Component)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The fact that dental caries remains a major public health problem mandates that oral-health researchers explore new strategies for assessment of caries risk, as well as for caries prevention and management. Dental caries occurs when acids produced by bacterial glycolysis of dietary carbohydrates causes demineralization of the tooth enamel. A major focus of caries research has been on identifying and characterizing acid-generating bacteria and the mechanisms of acid resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the type of bacteria that grows in the mouth and on teeth.

Detailed Description
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This study will require only one visit. The study visit will last about one hour. At the study visit, parent-administered questionnaires will be used to collect information on the following: (a) the participant's demographic background (age, gender, and race), (b) socio-economic status (parents' income and housing condition), (c) participant's oral health practice (feeding histories, diet habits, oral hygiene measures, and dental attendance), and (d) systemic diseases. During the study visit, the participant's complete medical and dental history will be obtained and reviewed, and a dental exam will be performed in order to determine participants' caries status, and intraoral pictures may be taken of participants' teeth. Participants will not be allowed to brush or clean teeth using any type of oral hygiene procedures for 8 hours prior to sample collection. Saliva and plaque (The solf white-yellowish material on the tooth surface) will be collected. The Investigator will use a small probe to measure the pH of the dental plaque that builds up on the teeth. The participant will be asked to dip one finger into a glass containing a buffer solution and the probe will be placed on the teeth from which plaque will be taken. Dental plaque will be collected from the participants between the ages of 2 and 5 with at least two teeth and who allow the dental examination and the sample collection procedures to be done safely. Plaque samples will be collected by gently scrapping the tooth using a sterile instrument. If the participant does not have enough plaque samples, they will be asked to return on the following day. Saliva will be collected by using cotton swabs or by asking the participant to spit into a sterile plastic container.

Official Title
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Oral Alkali Production and Caries Prevention in Children (Cross-sectional Component)

Conditions
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Dental Caries

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Oral Samples


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age 2 to 5 years Exclusion Criteria: Treated with antibiotics within the past 3 months taking any medication at the time of the study uses orthodontic appliance, and has performed oral hygiene procedures in the past 8 hour prior to the collection appointment.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 2 Years
Maximum Age: 5 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Caries Free<br>Participants who do not have caries (cavities) will have oral samples collected. | Other: Oral Samples<br>* Oral samples of saliva, dental plaque and DNA will be collected between the two groups.<br>|
| Caries Active<br>Participants who do have caries (cavities) will have oral samples collected. | Other: Oral Samples<br>* Oral samples of saliva, dental plaque and DNA will be collected between the two groups.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arginolytic activity in oral samples | Oral samples, saliva and dental plaque, will be collected and their arginolytic activity wil be compared between the two groups. | Day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Type of oral bacteria | DNA and RNA samples will be extracted from saliva and dental plaque and the type of oral bacteria and their metabolism present on theses samples will be compared between the two groups. | Day 1 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Plaque, Saliva, Dental Caries