Scapular Muscle Endurance, Shoulder Pain, and Functionality

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to compare scapular muscle endurance (SME), shoulder pain, and functionality of patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) with those in the age-gender matched healthy controls and to evaluate the relationship between SME with shoulder pain, and functional impairments in patients with RCRSP.

Detailed Description
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Patients with RCRSP (n:23), and age-gender matched healthy controls (n:23) were included in the study. SME were measured by a one-kilogram dynamometer while the shoulder and elbows are flexed 90°. Self-reported pain intensity (activity, night, after SME and FIT-HaNSA) was assessed visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was also assessed using the Functional Impairment test-hand, neck, shoulder, and arm (FIT-HaNSA).

Official Title
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Scapular Muscle Endurance, Shoulder Pain, and Functionality in Patients With Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain: A Matched, Case-Control Study

Conditions
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Rotator Cuff Syndrome of Shoulder and Allied Disorders

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Scapular muscle endurance test
* Other: Pain intensity
* Device: Upper Limb Functional Performance


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: Positive sign in two or more specific shoulder clinical tests; The presence of RCRSP in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); At least 120° flexion, 25° abduction, and 30° external rotation movements of the shoulder; Being right arm dominant; No surgical history in the shoulder region. Exclusion criteria: Patients with shoulder pathology other than RCRSP such as glenohumeral instability (capsular and ligamentous lesions, labral lesions, or bone lesions), bicipital tendon lesions, acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis, glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder or cervical surgery history, Neurological and systemic inflammatory diseases, Bilateral shoulder complaints, Cardiovascular system diseases, Pregnancy, Underwent shoulder-related physical therapy within the past three months.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| rotator cuff related shoulder pain<br>Participants were assessed for SME, pain (rest, activity, night, measurement), and upper extremity function (FIT-HaNSA). | Device: Scapular muscle endurance test<br>* The SME test, developed by Edmondston et al. 17, is based on an exercise used to improve the performance of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles. The test was carried out while the subjects were facing the wall in standing position and with their shoulders and elbows flexed to 90 degrees. While both scapulae were in neutral position, an appropriate size of stick (18-36 cm) was selected and placed between the elbows, and they were asked to hold the dynamometer (Feta 137 F0202 1 kg/10 N) between their hands.<br>Other: Pain intensity<br>* Pain intensity assessment was performed by questioning rest, activity, night, and measuremant pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) on a 10 cm line with marks at both ends to define the limits of the pain experience as no pain (0) and maximum pain experienced (10), with higher scores indicating greater pain 20.<br>Device: Upper Limb Functional Performance<br>* The Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) protocol, which was developed by MacDermid et al. 21, was used to evaluate the functional performance of the upper extremity when performing 3 tasks.<br>* Other names: FIT-HaNSA;|
| age gender matched healthy controls<br>Participants were assessed for SME, and upper extremity function (FIT-HaNSA). | Device: Scapular muscle endurance test<br>* The SME test, developed by Edmondston et al. 17, is based on an exercise used to improve the performance of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles. The test was carried out while the subjects were facing the wall in standing position and with their shoulders and elbows flexed to 90 degrees. While both scapulae were in neutral position, an appropriate size of stick (18-36 cm) was selected and placed between the elbows, and they were asked to hold the dynamometer (Feta 137 F0202 1 kg/10 N) between their hands.<br>Device: Upper Limb Functional Performance<br>* The Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) protocol, which was developed by MacDermid et al. 21, was used to evaluate the functional performance of the upper extremity when performing 3 tasks.<br>* Other names: FIT-HaNSA;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Scapular muscle endurance | Unit of Measure:second | Baseline assessment, no follow-up | 
| Pain intensity | Unit of Measure:visual analogue scale | Baseline assessment, no follow-up | 
| Upper Limp Functional Performance | Protocol: FIT-HaNSA | Baseline assessment, no follow-up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Scapula, Endurance, Disability, Rotator cuff lesions