Effect of Labor Dance and Music on Labor Pain and Fear of Childbirth

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study was conducted to investigate the effect of labor dance and music used during the active phase of labor on labor pain and fear of childbirth. The study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled intervention trial. The participants included in sample are taken into 3 groups (totally 93 participants). A total of 93 individuals, 31 of whom were in the dance group (D), 30 in the music group (M), and 32 in the control group (C), were included in the survey. Data were collected between 15 February 2018 and 15 June 2018 by means of a Personal Information Form, the Labor Monitoring Form, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and version A of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQA).

Detailed Description
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The study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial with one control and two intervention groups. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of labor dance and music used in the active phase of labor on perceived labor pain and fear of childbirth. The hypotheses of our study are as follows: H1: The labor dance used in the active phase of labor has an effect on reducing the perceived labor pain. H2: The music used in the active phase of labor has an effect on reducing the perceived labor pain. H3: The labor dance used in the active phase of labor has an effect on reducing the fear of childbirth. H4: The music used in the active phase of labor has an effect on reducing the fear of childbirth. H5: The labor dance is a more effective method in reducing the labor pain perceived in the active phase of labor compared to music. H6: The labor dance is a more effective method in reducing the fear of childbirth in the active phase of labor compared to music. There were three groups in the study: the dance group (D) which involved pregnant women who performed the labor dance; the music group (M) involving pregnant women who were exposed to music; the control group (C) which included pregnant women who were administered routine hospital practices. The sampling included pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study. D; The pregnant women performed labor dance when the cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm. The dance was performed in the company of music played through headphones. The labor dance lasted 30 minutes. M; The pregnant women listened to music for 30 minutes when the cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm. They took any position they wanted while listening to music. C; No intervention was made to relieve the labor pain and reduce the fear of childbirth in the control group of the study. They were administered routine hospital applications.The study data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Labor Monitoring Form, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and version A of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (W-DEQA). After the pregnant women were randomly assigned to groups, the personal information form was filled in. The perceived pain and fear of the pregnant women in group D and group M were measured and recorded prior to the intervention (when cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm). A 30-minute long intervention was administered in groups D and M. The pain and fear measurements were repeated soon after the intervention, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the intervention. On the other hand, the pain and fear assessments in the control group were made when the cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm. The assessment of the perceived pain and fear in controls who were administered routine hospital practices were repeated 30 minutes after the first measurement, after 60 minutes, and after 90 minutes .

Official Title
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Effect of Labor Dance and Music on Labor Pain and Fear of Childbirth

Conditions
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Labor Pain, Fear of Childbirth

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Labor dance
* Behavioral: Music


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: An indication for vaginal delivery Primipara Cervical dilatation of 3 cm or over Full-term pregnancy (38-42 gestational weeks) Single healthy fetus in vertex position No complication that can cause dystocia in labor (such as contraction anomalies, birth object, birth canal associated dystocia, maternal psychology associated dystocia) Not using analgesia and anesthesia during the first phase of the labor Having no physical disability to dance Having no difficulty to take upright position and move Having no communication problem. Exclusion Criteria: Giving up participating in the study Abnormal changes in fetal heartbeat Emergence of an unexpected complication in the pregnant woman or the fetus 4) Taking analgesics and anesthesia 5) Incomplete intervention and follow-up due to rapid labor 6) Being taken to C/S before the completion of the intervention and follow-up.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: a single-blind randomized controlled intervention trial
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Labor Dance and music groups<br>Labor Dance; The pregnant women performed labor dance when the cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm. The dance was performed in the company of music played through headphones. The pregnant women listened to music for 30 minutes when the cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm. They took any position they wanted while listening to music. | Behavioral: Labor dance<br>* The dance group which involved pregnant women who performed the labor dance<br>Behavioral: Music<br>* The music group involving pregnant women who were exposed to music.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control group<br>The control group: No intervention was made to relieve the labor pain and reduce the fear of childbirth in the control group of the study. They were administered routine hospital applications. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual Analogue Scale Score, | The perceived pain pregnant women in groups were measured and recorded prior to the intervention (when cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm). Assessed the labor pain level with Visual Analogue Scale score. This is a 10 cm scale which is labeled no pain at one end and severe pain at the other end. (0=no pain; 10= pain as bad as can be). Increasing scores indicate women's labor pain. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Version A of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire Score | The fear pregnant women in groups were measured and recorded prior to the intervention (when cervical dilatation reached 4-5 cm). Assessed childbirth of fear with version A of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy. Questionnaire score. The minimum and maximum scores that can be obtained from the scale range between 0 and 165. Increasing scores indicate women's fear of childbirth. | Baseline | 
| Recurrence of Fear of Childbirth | A 30-minute long intervention was administered in groups Dance and Music. The fear measurements were repeated soon after the intervention, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the intervention. Assessed childbirth of fear with version A of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy. Questionnaire score. The minimum and maximum scores that can be obtained from the scale range between 0 and 165. Increasing scores indicate women's fear of childbirth. | 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes | 
| Recurrence of perceived pain | Measurements were repeated 30 minutes after the first measurement, after 60 minutes, and after 90 minutes. Assessed the labor pain level with Visual Analogue Scale score. This is a 10 cm scale which is labeled no pain at one end and severe pain at the other end. (0=no pain; 10= pain as bad as can be). Increasing scores indicate women's labor pain. | 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Labor Pain, Labor dance, Music, Fear of childbirth