Distraction Using VR for Children During IV in an Emergency Department

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Exploring the use of virtual reality as a distracting intervention strategy for school-age children to receive intravenous placement in emergency department, and further understand the effectiveness of reducing pain and fear during the invasive procedure.

Official Title
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Distraction Using Virtual Reality for Children During Intravenous Injections in an Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial

Conditions
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Pain, Fear

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Virtual Reality


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children ages 7-12 Children who were clearly conscious Children who agreed and were required to receive intravenous injections after physicians' diagnoses Children and their primary caregivers who could communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese Children and their primary caregivers who could read Chinese that agreed to participate in this study and sign written consent forms Exclusion Criteria: Children with developmental delay, epilepsy, or heart diseases Children undergoing chemotherapy; children who were visually or hearing impaired Children who were nearsighted with more than 8.0 diopters or farsighted with 5.0 diopters Children who had sustained head trauma in the past month Children who were confirmed to be obese according to the recommended body mass index values for children and adolescents Children who required blood transfusions and blood preparation to be performed according to physician diagnoses Children who received two or more intravenous injections and had their blood drawn only one time

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 7 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Reduce pain and fair<br>To determine whether the virtual reality as a distracting intervention could reduce pain and fear in school-age children receiving intravenous injections at an emergency department. | Device: Virtual Reality<br>* virtual reality (VR) as a distracting intervention could reduce pain and fear during an IV placement for school-age children in the emergent department.<br>|
| No Intervention: Compared<br>Normal treatment | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The degrees of pain experienced by the children. | Measurement of pain using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale(WBFPS). The scale contains six cartoon faces showing pain ratings of 0-10, which are, from left to right, no pain (0), a little pain (2), mild pain (4), average pain (6), severe pain (8), and excruciating pain (10).The children, primary caregivers, and nurses were asked to select the faces that best described the pain levels experienced by the children receiving intravenous injections; the pain levels were subsequently converted into numerical values . | The posttests 8 min after the tourniquets were worn. | 
| The degrees of fear experienced by the children. | Measurement of fear using the Choldren Fear Scale(CFS).The scale consists of five cartoon faces showing fear ratings of 0-4, which were no fear (0), a little fear (1), some fear (2), very fear(3) and extreme fear (4). The children, primary caregivers, and nurses were asked to select the faces that best described the fear levels of the children receiving intravenous injections. The pain levels were subsequently converted into numerical values. | The posttests 8 min after the tourniquets were worn. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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school-age children, emergency treatment, intravenous placement, virtual reality, pain, fear