Determine Functions of Pinhole Glasses on the Eyes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Pinhole glasses which is using pinhole effect may induce a functional change on the eyes, including Distance and near visual acuity(DVA, NVA), Pupil size, DOF, Accomodative amplitude, CS, Visual field(VF), Stereopsis.

Official Title
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Quantative Analysis of Functional Changes by the Pinhole Glasses

Conditions
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Vision, Ocular

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Phinhole glasses


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Age : between 20 and 50 years old Visual acuity : correctable distant and near visual acuity by glasses up to 20/20 Others : Normal intraocular pressure, optic discs with a healthy appearance, and normal ocular alignment. Exclusion Criteria: History of systemic or topical medication that might affect accommodation Others : Corneal pathologic features, previous ocular surgery, glaucomatous optic discs, glaucoma, cataracts of grade II or greater, vitreous opacity, or retinal abnormalities that might limit the accuracy of test.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Pinhole glasses<br>All subjects perform ophthalmic examinations before and after the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Device: Phinhole glasses<br>* Wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Distance and near visual acuity(DVA, NVA) | Check distance(4m) and near(40cm) visual acuity using Snellen chart, Visual Acuity chart 2000, respectively. At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pupil size | Check the pupil size using WASCA Analyzer(Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) | Change from baseline at 1 week | 
| Depth of focus | Check with 4m Snellen chart. At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week | 
| Accomodation | check by Donder's push-up method. The subject was instructed to view the target letter (20/20 reduced Snellen number), which initially was positioned at approximately 40 cm. The target then was moved progressively closer to the patient's eye at approximately 5 cm per second until the subject noticed the target starting to blur. At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week | 
| Visual field | Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) using a 30-2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week | 
| Contrast sensitivity | CSV-1000E Contrast Testing Instrument (VectorVision, Dayton, OH, USA) at 2.5m distance under the standard brightness (85 cd/m2) At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week | 
| Stereopsis | Randot Stereotest (Stereo Optical Co, Chicago, Illinois, USA) At 1 week, cheked with wearing the pinhole glasses (Trayner Pinhole Glasses, Trayner Glasses, U.K.) | Change from baseline at 1 week |