Forecasting and Preventing Post-Bariatric Hypoglycaemia WP 3

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The overall aim of this study is to prevent hypoglycemic events in patients with hypoglycemia after a meal and to develop a sustainable hypoglycemia correction strategy.

Detailed Description
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Obesity is a major global public health concern, for which the most effective therapy is bariatric surgery. Beyond weight loss, bariatric surgery exerts powerful effects on glucose metabolism, achieving complete type 2 diabetes remission in up to 70% of cases. An exaggeration of these effects, however, can result in an increasingly recognized metabolic complication known as postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia or post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH). The condition manifests 1-3 years after surgery with meal-induced hypoglycaemic episodes. Emerging data suggests that PBH is more frequent than previously thought and affects approximately 30% of postoperative patients, more commonly after gastric bypass than sleeve gastrectomy. Of note, asymptomatic PBH is common, as shown in studies using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). It is known from extensive research in people with diabetes that recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia impair counter regulatory defences against subsequent events, predisposing patients to severe hypoglycaemia. Despite the increasing prevalence of PBH, clinical implications in this population are still unclear. Anecdotal evidence from patients with PBH suggests a high burden for these patients due to the recurrent hypoglycaemias with possibly debilitating consequences. It is well established that even mild hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose of 3.4 mmol/L) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients impairs various cognitive domains. Of note, some of the cognitive functions remain impaired for up to 75 min, even when the hypoglycaemia is corrected. Further concerns exist from observational studies showing associations between PBH during pregnancy and poor foetal growth. Thus, it is important to timely detect and treat hypoglycaemia with an intervention that allows quick recovery of glycaemia to a safe level, thereby alleviating symptoms and eliminating the risk of potentially hazardous sequelae. Recently, CGM devices have become standard tools for glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. CGM allows measuring glucose levels every 5 min and the continuous access to real-time data offering several approaches for the prediction of glucose levels or associated events. Such solutions empower patients to take proactive decisions before reaching critical glucose levels. Apart from glucose levels, meal information, physical activity or other physiological parameters may augment prediction performance of hypoglycaemic events. While most engineering work focuses on the prediction of hypoglycaemia in the diabetic population, only preliminary work has been done in the PBH population. Given the potentially hazardous consequences of hypoglycaemia, development of hypoglycaemia management strategies to adequately predict and treat critical blood glucose levels in the PBH population are urgently needed. Such strategies have to significantly lower the burden of PBH and increase patient safety. The overall aim or this study is to prevent hypoglycaemic events in patients with PBH and to develop a sustainable hypoglycaemia correction strategy. The primary objective of WP 3 is to test the efficacy of an intervention for hypoglycaemia prevention that combines a hypoglycaemia prediction model with a preventive nutritional action.

Official Title
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Forecasting and Preventing Post-Bariatric Hypoglycaemia (Work Package 3)

Conditions
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Post-bariatric Hypoglycaemia, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Timing of preventive action based on prediction model
* Other: Hypoglycaemia treatment at hypoglycaemia (usual care)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Post-bariatric surgery patients (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) with PBH, defined as postprandial plasma or sensor glucose <3.0 mmol/L according to the International Hypoglycaemia Study Group and exclusion of other causes of hypoglycaemia Age ≥18 years Exclusion Criteria: Inability to give informed consent as documented by signature Pregnant or lactating women Inability or contraindications to undergo the investigated intervention Drugs interfering with blood glucose (e.g. SGLT-2 inhibitors, acarbose) during the time of investigation Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Hypoglycemia predicition and preventive treatment<br> | Other: Timing of preventive action based on prediction model<br>* Timing of preventive action based on prediction model<br>|
| Other: Corrective hypoglycemia treament (at hypogylcemia)<br> | Other: Hypoglycaemia treatment at hypoglycaemia (usual care)<br>* Hypoglycaemia treatment at hypoglycaemia (usual care)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hypoglycaemia | Proportion of participants with hypoglycaemia (nadir plasma glucose <3.0 mmol/L) | In the 180 minutes following the beginning of meal intake | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Plasma glucose <3.0 mmol/L | Percentage of post-prandial time with plasma glucose <3.0 mmol/L | During 180 minutes following the beginning of meal intake | 
| Plasma glucose <3.9 mmol/L | Percentage of post-prandial time with plasma glucose <3.9 mmol/L | During 180 minutes following the beginning of meal intake | 
| Plasma glucose ≥10.0 mmol/L | Percentage of post-prandial time with plasma glucose ≥10.0 mmol/L | During 180 minutes following the beginning of meal intake | 
| Mean plasma glucose | Mean plasma glucose concentration | During 180 min following onset of meal intake | 
| Peak plasma glucose | Peak plasma glucose | In the 180 min following onset of meal intake | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Continuous Glucose Monitoring