Impact of Glaucoma and Visual Field Loss on Life Space

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Mobility refers to a person's purposeful movement through the environment from one place to another and can be conceptualized as a continuum from bed bound (immobility) on one extreme to making excursions to distant locations on the other extreme. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy that can lead to gradual loss of vision in the peripheral field and central vision. Older adults with POAG have an increased risk for motor vehicle collisions and falls. Moreover, existing studies suggest that patients with POAG exhibit more postural sway while standing as measured by a balance platform and also tend to walk more slowly than those who are normally sighted and free of ocular disease. While these disturbances likely influence mobility, there has been little research directly assessing the impact of POAG on mobility. This study will assess the impact of POAG on life space (one aspect of mobility) and will determine whether difficulties with life space are associated with difficulties experienced under conditions of dim lighting.

Detailed Description
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Aim 1: To examine the extent of life space in older adults with POAG using the Life Space Questionnaire and to examine whether life space in persons with POAG is associated with the magnitude of visual field impairment. Aim 2: To examine difficulties seeing under dim illumination and at night in older adults with POAG using the Low Luminance Questionnaire and to examine whether greater difficulty in seeing under dim illumination and at night is related to the magnitude of visual field loss. Aim 3: To examine the relationship in older adults with POAG between visual problems seeing under dim illumination and at night (Low Luminance Questionnaire) and their life space (Life Space Questionnaire).

Official Title
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Glaucoma, Visual Field Loss, and Their Association With Life Space in Older Adults

Conditions
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Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Questionnaires


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Clinical diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma Best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better Spherical refraction within ± 5 Diopters Cylinder refraction within ± 3 Diopters Exclusion Criteria: History of intra-ocular surgery other than uncomplicated cataract or glaucoma surgery Significant cognitive impairment

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma<br>Two following two questionnaires will be administered: Life Space Questionnaire: This 9-item questionnaire is interested in finding out how much a person gets out and about and the spatial extent of the person's typical life space, i.e., what is the usual range of places in which the person engages in activities within the designated time frame. Low Luminance Questionnaire: This 32-item questionnaire is interested in finding out problems that involve vision under different lighting conditions or feelings that people have about your vision under different lighting conditions. | Other: Questionnaires<br>* Two questionnaires will be administered, one focusing on life space and the other focusing on low luminance.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of life space measured with the Life Space Questionnaire | The Life Space Questionnaire is a 9-item questionnaire that assesses how much a person gets out and about and the spatial extent of the person's typical life space, i.e., what is the usual range of places in which the person engages in activities within the designated time frame. Patients are asked to respond either Yes or No. | Day one | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Relationship between the Life Space Questionnaire and vision loss | The results obtained on the Life Space Questionnaire will be correlated with the results of the visual field tests | Day one | 
| Assessment of vision under dim illumination and at night using the Low Luminance Questionnaire | The Low Luminance Questionnaire is a 32-item questionnaire that assesses problems that involve vision under different lighting conditions or feelings about vision under different lighting conditions. The range of responses is different for different questions, with the overall pattern being that 1 means No difficulty at all and that increasingly higher numbers mean increasingly more difficulty. | Day one | 
| Relationship between Low Luminance Questionnaire and vision loss | The results obtained on the Low Luminance Questionnaire will be correlated with the results of the visual field tests. | Day one | 
| Relationship between the Low Luminance Questionnaire and the Life Space Questionnaire | The results of the Low Luminance Questionnaire will be correlated with the results of the Life Space Questionnaire | Day one |