Temperature of Extremities and Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Bloody stool and necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) is two main focus in non-neonatal intensive care unit ward and usually lead to longed duration of hospitalization. Neutral temperature is a environmental temperature where the infant's body temperature is normal under resting state, and the changes of body temperature and skin temperature are less than 0.2-0.3 centigrade. According the definition, a suggested temperature range is set. For example, if an infant's body weight is more than 2500 gram, the initial set of environmental temperature is 31.3 centigrade with a range of 29.8-32.8 centigrade. low environmental temperature is a risk factor for Bloody stool and NEC. Therefore, how to set the optimal environmental temperature is a challenge.

Detailed Description
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After birth, newborns must adapt to their relatively cold environment by the metabolic production of heat because they are not able to generate an adequate shivering response. Under the condition, environment temperature should be given to protect an infant from cold stress and cold injury, even NEC. Therefore, the setting of the optimal environment temperature is a key focus in neonatal ward. Here, the investigators suggest a hypothesis that environment temperature should be set to keep warmth of extremities temperature and infant's body temperature is between 36.7-37.3 centigrade. In the present study, the investigators will test the hypothesis.

Official Title
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Association of Temperature of Extremities and Necrotizing Enterocolitis(NEC)

Conditions
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Neutral Temperature, Bloody Stool, Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: normal body temperature and warm extremities
* Other: normal body temperature and cold extremities


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: body weight >2500 grams and/or gestational age >35 weeks an infant is diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia and/or pneumonia without need for oxygen inhalation Exclusion Criteria: congenital deformities refusal of parents' consent

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Hour
Maximum Age: 28 Days

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| normal body temperature and warm extremities<br>standard set of environmental temperature is done, and the infant's body temperature is normal and extremities are warm | Other: normal body temperature and warm extremities<br>* environmental temperature is set according to the standard method to keep normal body temperature and warm extremities<br>|
| normal body temperature and cold extremities<br>standard set of environmental temperature is done, and infant's body temperature is normal and extremities are cold | Other: normal body temperature and cold extremities<br>* environmental temperature is set according to the standard method to keep normal body temperature, but cold extremities<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| bloody stool | a infant is suffered from bloody stool | before discharge | 
| necrotizing entercolitis(NEC) | a infant is suffered from NEC | before discharge | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| late-onset sepsis(LOS) | a infant is suffered from LOS | before discharge |