The Acute Effect of Exercise on Appetite Appetite-regulating Hormones and Inflammation in Children

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study describes the effect of acute high intensity exercise at 70% VO2peak on inflammation, stress, appetite hormones and appetite in lean and obese children and adolescents.

Detailed Description
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In summary, exercise does induce a variety of metabolic mechanisms on a central and peripheral level, related to appetite other than solely gut peptides. The literature points towards a rather loose coupling when it comes to high intensity exercise and the suppression of food intake, without a clear explanation of the cause of exercise induced anorexia. This study is aimed to investigate high-intensity exercise and its effects on appetite and satiety hormones, inflammation, stress and eating behaviors on appetite and food intake. The objective of the current study is to investigate the factors contributing to exercise-induced anorexia in lean and obese children, and maximize its translation into post-exercise suppression of food intake and promotion of negative energy balance particularly in obese children. It is hypothesized that high-intensity exercise would promote a greater suppression of food intake through suppression of appetite ratings via physiological mechanisms depending on stress and inflammation rather than gut peptides.

Official Title
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The Acute Effect of High Intensity Exercise on Appetite, Appetite-regulating Hormones, and Bio-markers of Inflammation and Stress in Lean and Obese Boys

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Exercise


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 11 normal weight and 11 obese boys will be recruited for the study. Lean and obese boys aged 10-18 years, born full-term and with a normal body weight at birth, will be included in the study Exclusion Criteria: Dieters and individuals with lactose intolerance, allergies to milk and dairy products and gastrointestinal problems will be excluded from the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Exercise<br>Exercise at 70%VO2max on a recumbent bicycle for 30 minutes. | Other: Exercise<br>* Exercise at 70%VO2max on a recumbent bicycle for 30 minutes to investigate the effects of exercise at high intensities on appetite and biomarkers of appetite and inflammation.<br>|
| No Intervention: Control<br>Resting | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Appetite as assessed via visual analog scales | Appetite will be assessed via visual analog scales. Each item will be scored from 0-100; 0 not hungry; 100 very hungry | Timeperiod of 2 hours during each study intervention. | 
| Biomarkers of appetite | Biomarkers of appetite will be assessed such as A. Ghrelin; GLP-1; PYY and Leptin | 4 timpoints during 2 hours during each study intervention. | 
| Biomarkers of Inflammation | Biomarkers of inflammation will be assessed such as IL-6; IL-1beta; TNF-alpha; CRP | 4 timpoints during 2 hours during each study intervention. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Biomarkers of Stress | Biomarkers of stress will be assessed such as Cortisol and Adrenalin | 4 timpoints during 2 hours during each study intervention. |