Pre-dinner vs. Post-dinner Exercise on Glycemic Control

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
With many medications we prescribe them relative to time of day or a meal. This study established if pre dinner vs post dinner exercise was more effective at altering post dinner glucose and triglyceride levels vs no exercise at all.

Detailed Description
-----------------
All participants completed three trials in a random order in which they consumed a standardized dinner meal with 1) no RE (NoRE), 2) pre-dinner RE (RE→M), and 3) post-dinner RE beginning 45 min after dinner (M→RE). Diet was standardized during the day of testing. Participants reported to the lab for testing sometime between 3 - 5:30 p.m. and upon arrival a venous catheter was inserted into a forearm vein. Frequent blood sampling, indirect calorimetry measurements, and subjective well-being measurements ensued for  5.75 h while the participants were in the lab.

Official Title
-----------------
Exercise Timing and Postprandial Glycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

Conditions
-----------------
Type 2 Diabetes

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: No exercise
* Other: Meal then exercise
* Other: exercise then meal


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Obese ( body mass index 30-45 kg/m2) Physician diagnosed with type 2 diabetes receiving standard medical care Non-smokers Pregnancy Lactating mothers Exclusion Criteria: Insulin Surgical weight loss Orthopedic limitations to exercise Weight loss in the previous 3 months

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: No exercise<br>participants will remain sedentary during testing | Other: No exercise<br>* During the no exercise trial (NoEX), the participants will remain sedentary during testing.<br>* Other names: NoEX;|
| Experimental: Meal then exercise<br>45 min of resistance training will be performed after a standard meal | Other: Meal then exercise<br>* During the post-meal exercise trial (M→EX), 45 min of resistance training will be performed<br>* Other names: M-EX;|
| Experimental: exercise then meal<br>45 min of resistance training will be performed prior to a standard meal | Other: exercise then meal<br>* During the exercise prior to the meal trial (EX→M), 45 min of resistance training will be performed<br>* Other names: EX-M;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| glucose concentrations |  | Blood samples were taken every 5-10 min during the first 3.7 h of testing and every 30 min during the last 2 h | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| triglyceride concentrations |  | Blood samples were taken every 5-10 min during the first 3.7 h of testing and every 30 min during the last 2 h | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
GIP, GLP-1, exercise timing, resistance exercise, glucose concentrations