Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Apolipoprotein E Genotype, and Cognitive Functions: A Prospective Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The current research project aims to investigate the interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the ApoE genotype with neurocognitive functions.

Detailed Description
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The current research project aims to investigate the interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the ApoE genotype with neurocognitive functions. The three main purposes of the current research project seek to achieve: An exploration of the associations of, as well as the interactions between, CRF assessed at the Baseline Stage, and the ApoE genotype, along with cognitive functions in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults. The employing of an event-related potential (ERP) to investigate the associations between the baseline CRF, the ApoE genotype, and cognitive functions in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults, as well as the potential underlying neuroelectrical mechanisms. An investigation of the interactions between the changes of CRFs assessed at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages and the ApoE genotype in relation to neurocognitive function, as well as the underlying neuroelectrical mechanisms, in cognitively healthy late-middle-aged older adults.

Official Title
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Genotype and Its Interaction With Cognitive Functions and Cognitive Decline in Late-Middle-Aged Older Adults: A Prospective Study

Conditions
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Aging, Cognitive Change

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Data collections


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: right handed no history of cardiorespiratory disease normal or corrected-to-normal vision based on the 20/20 standard no risk of performing physical activities, as measured by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire Exclusion Criteria: the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) < 25 and cognitively intact upon study entry history of psychiatric or neurological diseases color-blindness

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 50 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| High-Risk with increased CRF<br>ApoE e4 carriers with increased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages. | Other: Data collections<br>* Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.<br>|
| High-Risk with decreased CRF<br>ApoE e4 carriers with decreased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages. | Other: Data collections<br>* Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.<br>|
| Low-Risk with increased CRF<br>Non-ApoE e4 carriers with increased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages. | Other: Data collections<br>* Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.<br>|
| Low-Risk with decreased CRF<br>Non-ApoE e4 carriers with decreased CRF from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages. | Other: Data collections<br>* Data collections of cognitive function, neuroelectrical activities, ApoE genotype, and physical fitness.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in inhibitory performance: Stroop task | Inhibitory performance was assessed using the computerized Stroop task at the baseline and at the follow-up assessments. Changes in inhibitory performance from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages were assessed. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages. | 
| Changes in higher order executive performance: Tower of London Test | Higher order executive performance was assessed using the Tower of London Test at the baseline and at the follow-up assessments. Changes in higher order executive performance from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages were assessed. | 25 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages. | 
| Changes in neuroelectrical activities | The neuroelectrical activities during the Stroop task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. Changes in the neuroelectrical activities from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages were assessed. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ApoE genotype | Based on the genetic biomarkers (rs429358 and rs7412), participants' ApoE genotype was determined. | 5 minutes at the Baseline Stage. | 
| Physical fitness measurements: Changes in aerobic fitness | Participants' aerobic fitness was estimated using the submaximal cycle ergometer test at the baseline and at the follow-up assessments. Changes in aerobic fitness from Baseline to the Follow-Up Stages were assessed. | 20 minutes each at the Baseline and the Follow-Up Stages. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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physical fitness, Apolipoprotein E, event-related potential