Phototherapy Applied in Association With Muscular Training

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The effects of phototherapy has been widely studied by some research groups. The investigators know that there are positive results with light application to improve muscle performance and delay fatigue. However, there are few studies showing its´ effects on muscular training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of phototherapy applied at different times during 12 weeks of strength training. For such, 48 volunteers, healthy male, from 18 to 35 years old were recruited to perform a strength training protocol for the anterior muscle of the thigh development. Volunteers performed the training protocol three times a week for 12 weeks. There were assessed isometric peak torque in isokinetic dynamometer, concentric peak torque, 1-repetition maximum test in the leg extension and leg press machines and bilateral thigh perimetry.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This is a clinical, randomized, controlled placebo and double-blind study. Forty-eight participants performed muscular training protocol. Subjects practiced a protocol training with 60% of the load followed by 80% of the load, measured through 1-repetition maximum test, in all sessions of the training protocol. The training protocol consisted in performing 3 sets of 7 repetitions with 60% of 1-RM, and 4 set of 7 repetitions with 80% of 1-RM. This protocol was performed in every sessions, three times a week, employing leg press and leg extension machines. Phototherapy, active or placebo, were applied in 6 different points of anterior muscle of the thigh before and after each training session. Only one investigator, that did not participate in any phase of the assessments and trainings sessions, knew about what program is active or placebo in phototherapy device. Randomisation carried out by a simple drawing of lots (A, B, C, or D) in the first visit. The phototherapy unit emitted the same sound regardless of the program used, active or placebo. Either strength training lasted 12 weeks and assessments were performed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. There were evaluated maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), concentric torque, bilateral thigh perimetry and 1-repetition maximum test (1-RM).

Official Title
-----------------
Phototherapy Applied in Association With Muscular Training: Evaluation of Different Moments of Applications

Conditions
-----------------
Muscle Adaptation

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Active or Placebo Phototherapy (MR4)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: healthy individuals, active, that performed less than two exercise sessions per week when they presented musculoskeletal injury to the hips or knees in the previous 2 months, used pharmacological agents or nutritional supplements regularly, and Subjects that did not attend a minimum rate of 80% of all strength training sessions Suffered musculoskeletal injury during the ongoing of the study were also excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Group A - Active or Placebo Phototherapy<br>Participants enrolled in this group performed a training protocol for 12 weeks with light application before and after the exercise protocol. The phototherapy device was divided in program 1 and program 2. One of these programs consisted in active phototherapy and the other placebo. The subjects allocated in group A, received program 1 before strength training, and the same program 1 after training. | Device: Active or Placebo Phototherapy (MR4)<br> <br> * Other names: MR4 device - device that combines super-pulsed lasers, and red and infrared LEDs (Multi Radiance Medical, Solon, OH, USA);|
| Experimental: Group B - Active or Placebo Phototherapy<br>Participants enrolled in this group performed a training protocol for 12 weeks with light application before and after the exercise protocol. The phototherapy device was divided in program 1 and program 2. One of these programs consisted in active phototherapy and the other placebo. The subjects allocated in group B, received program 1 before strength training, and program 2 after training. | Device: Active or Placebo Phototherapy (MR4)<br> <br> * Other names: MR4 device - device that combines super-pulsed lasers, and red and infrared LEDs (Multi Radiance Medical, Solon, OH, USA);|
| Experimental: Group C - Active or Placebo Phototherapy<br>Participants enrolled in this group performed a training protocol for 12 weeks with light application before and after the exercise protocol. The phototherapy device was divided in program 1 and program 2. One of these programs consisted in active phototherapy and the other placebo. The subjects allocated in group C, received program 2 before strength training, and program 1 after training. | Device: Active or Placebo Phototherapy (MR4)<br> <br> * Other names: MR4 device - device that combines super-pulsed lasers, and red and infrared LEDs (Multi Radiance Medical, Solon, OH, USA);|
| Experimental: Group D - Active or Placebo Phototherapy<br>Participants enrolled in this group performed a training protocol for 12 weeks with light application before and after the exercise protocol. The phototherapy device was divided in program 1 and program 2. One of these programs consisted in active phototherapy and the other placebo. The subjects allocated in group D, received program 2 before strength training, and program 2 after training. | Device: Active or Placebo Phototherapy (MR4)<br> <br> * Other names: MR4 device - device that combines super-pulsed lasers, and red and infrared LEDs (Multi Radiance Medical, Solon, OH, USA);|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline Maximum voluntary contraction in the isokinetic dynamometer (MVC) at 12 weeks | Functional performance measure - performed in baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after the beginning of the muscular training | 12 weeks | 
| Change from baseline Concentric Torque at 12 weeks | Functional performance measure - performed in baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after the beginning of the muscular training | 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1-RM test | Functional performance measure - performed in baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after the beginning of the muscular training. This test estimated the load of the exercises. | 12 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
phototherapy, photobiostimulation, muscle training, muscular adaptation