Sex Differences in the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Diabetes

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events associated with medication use for controlling blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels in men and women with diabetes treated in primary care

Detailed Description
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The management and treatment of adult diabetes is far from optimal. The most recent report from the National Diabetes Audit showed that only one in three people with diabetes are achieving recommended standards for controlling blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels; and only three in five received basic care processes to reduce their risk of diabetes-related complications such as blindness, amputation and kidney disease. Women did 15% worse than men, which may explain some of the reported higher excess risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, consequent to diabetes in women than men. More efficient and equitable care in people with diabetes could lead to substantial cost savings, and would improve the lives of women and men currently living with diabetes. The objective of this research isto evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events associated with medication use for controlling blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels in men and women with diabetes treated in primary care.

Official Title
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Sex Differences in the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Diabetes: an Examination of Variation in Health Service Delivery

Conditions
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Diabetes Mellitus

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention is given.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with diabetes at or before study entry, and participants who develop new-onset diabetes during follow-up. Age ≥ 18 years Data collected in the period 1997-2010 Minimum time since registration of 1 year Minimum of 1 year of up to standard data (CPRD quality standard) Exclusion Criteria: • None

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: No intervention is given.|This study is based on the analysis of linked electronic health records (CALIBER dataset)|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First occurrence of cardiovascular disease | First recorded diagnosis of cardiovascular disease during follow-up: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, unheralded coronary death, heart failure, transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, or sudden cardiac death | 10 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardiovascular mortality | Composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality | 10 years | 
| All cause mortality | Composite endpoint of all cause mortality | 10 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Diabetes mellitus, Stroke, Myocardial infarction, Stable angina pectoris, Heart failure, Quality of care