Gene Polymorphism Associated With Macroangiopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To explore the possible implications of HLA-DRB1*04 alleles in patients with type 2 DM and macroangiopathy

Detailed Description
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Previous studies examining the molecular etiology of diabetes mellitus in China and abroad have mainly focused on the relationship between HLA and type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (1-3). Due to the complexity of type 2 DM heredity, few researchers have studied the correlation between type 2 DM and HLA. In recent years, it has been suggested that the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in diabetic individuals is not merely a complication of diabetic macroangiopathy. CHD and diabetic macroangiopathy share some genetic associations. Previous studies have demonstrated that certain HLA*DRB1*04 subtypes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Experimental methods: For genomic DNA extraction, 3-5ml venous blood samples were collected from all patients. Coagulation was prevented using EDTA. The procedure for PCR amplification was as follows: denaturing for 100s at 96°C, annealing for 60s at 63°C, 1 cycle; denaturing for 10s at 96°C, annealing for 60s at 63°C, 9 cycles; denaturing for 10 s at 96°C, annealing for 30 s at 59°C; extending for 30 s at 72°C, 20 cycles; maintaining at 4°C. Analyzing PCR products stained by Ethidium Bromide on 2.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Bands were observed using an ultraviolet light and a biological imaging system. Statistical method: The degree of agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was determined using the χ2 test. A t-test was employed for comparison of CRP levels (M ± s) and a χ2 test was performed to compare allelic frequencies. The relative risk rate (RR) was calculated as (Number of patients with the gene×Number of people in control group without the gene) divided by (Number of people in control group with the gene×Number of the patients without the gene). PC was calculated using Fisher's method if χ2 > 3.84.

Official Title
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Polymorphism Analysis of HLA-DRB1*04 Alleles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Macroangiopathy in Northeast Chinese

Conditions
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Diabetic Angiopathies

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Group A
* Other: Group B
* Other: Group C


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: clinical CHD (such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) diagnosed by dynamic electrocardiogram and ultrasonic cardiogram; coronary atherosclerosis confirmed by coronary angiographic examination; cerebral infarction diagnosed by cerebral CT; common carotid artery intimal-media thickness (IMT) ≥1.2 mm measured by Doppler ultrasonic examination; extensive irregular stenosis of a lower extremity artery (diameter < 3mm) or segmentally obstructed. Exclusion Criteria: age < 20 years age > 60 years

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group A<br>150 healthy blood donors without a family history of diabetes mellitus | Other: Group A<br>* 150 healthy blood donors without a family history of diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study.<br>* Other names: healthy blood donors;|
| Group B<br>200 cases of type 2 DM without complications (group B), there were 62 males and 108 females, aged 29-53, with an average age of 42 ± 9 years | Other: Group B<br>* 200 cases of type 2 DM without complications were enrolled in the study.<br>* Other names: type 2 DM without complications;|
| Group C<br>120 cases of type 2 DM with macroangiopathy complication (group C), there were 70 males and 50 females, aged 40-53, with an average age of 47 ± 6 years. Among the group C subjects, 65 individuals had CHD; 55 patients had cerebrovascular disease (CVD); and 30 subjects had a combination of peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) and CHD | Other: Group C<br>* 120 cases of type 2 DM with macroangiopathy complication were enrolled in the study.. Among the group C subjects, 65 individuals had CHD; 55 patients had cerebrovascular disease (CVD); and 30 subjects had a combination of peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) and CHD.<br>* Other names: type 2 DM with macroangiopathy complication;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Test of allelic frequencies | A commercially available kit was used for extraction of genomic DNA from the whole blood samples (PEL-FREEZ Inc., USA). Thirty-two pairs of sequence-specific primers (SSP) for HLA-DRB1*04 alleles were purchased from One Lambda, Inc. (USA), and the Taq enzyme was purchased from Promega Corp. (USA). The PCR-SSP technique was employed to determine the HLA-DRB1*04 alleles for each subject. Genes were amplified using the 5700 PCR thermal cycler manufactured by Applied Biosystems Inc. (USA). | At recruitment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Evaluation of serum CRP(C-reactive protein) levels | A commercially available 96-well plate ELISA assay kit (introassay CV 1.7% 3.9%, interassay CV 2.8% 5.1%) was used to quantify hs-CRP in serum (DSL Inc., USA). All samples were evaluated in duplicate. The absorbance (OD) was determined using a BIO-RAD2550 microwell plate reader (USA). | At recruitment |