Intrinsic Optical Imaging Study to Map Neocortical Seizure in Human Epilepsy Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to develop a technique for the intraoperative identification of human functional and epileptiform cortex using intrinsic signal imaging. The investigators propose that the ability to optically monitor neuronal activity in a large area of cortex in real-time will be a more sensitive and time-saving method than the electrical methods currently available. The applications of this technique will not only theoretically increase the safety and efficacy of many of neurosurgical procedures, but will be useful as an investigational tool to study human cortical physiology.

Detailed Description
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Epilepsy is a disease affecting 1-2% of the population. Currently, the only known cure for epilepsy is surgery, which is much more effective at eliminating seizures arising from the medial temporal lobe compared with the neocortex. The problem with neocortical epilepsy is that the population of neurons underlying each epileptiform discharge varies over time. In addition, the spatial relationship between interictal events and the ictal onset zones, which are critical in defining the region of epileptogenesis, is not well understood and essential to the surgical treatment of epilepsy. Electrophysiological recording methods, although currently the gold standard in mapping epilepsy, are inadequate to address these questions based on restrictions due to volume conduction or sampling limitations. Optical recording techniques can overcome many of these limitations by sampling large areas of cortex simultaneously to provide information about blood flow, metabolism and extracellular fluid shifts that are intimately related to excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. In fact, optical recordings may actually be more sensitive to certain aspects of epileptic activity than electrophysiologic recordings. The goal will be to translate these findings into the operating room and map human neocortical epilepsy with the same optical techniques. Outcome following surgical resections to treat neocortical epilepsy will be correlated with the optical maps to determine the utility of intrinsic signal imaging in guiding brain surgery. These experiments will set the groundwork for implementing optical recordings in general clinical practice as a novel technique for mapping and predicting human seizures.

Official Title
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Intraoperative Optical Mapping of Human Epileptiform and Functional Cortex

Conditions
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Epilepsy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Intrinsic signal imaging of human cortex


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Medically intractable epilepsy Subjects undergoing neurosurgical operations requiring cortical mapping Exclusion Criteria: Subjects NOT undergoing neurosurgical operations requiring cortical mapping.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Epilepsy Patients<br> | Diagnostic Test: Intrinsic signal imaging of human cortex<br>* Light is shined on the brain at 540 nm and 610 nm and images are acquired at 10 frames per second.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Positive identification of language areas with optical imaging |  | During surgery (20-30 minutes) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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epilepsy, optical imaging, optical mapping