Study of Combined Sorafenib With Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer mortality in Asia. Most patients present with intermediate or advanced disease. Percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are not considered as a curative treatment and have achieved very limited success in eradicating large HCC. With the development of new radiotherapy (RT) technique, RT can be more safely given to patients with larger tumor burden. Thus, TACE combined with RT has been suggested for treating large HCC. Based on the results of these studies, RT could achieve a tumor response rate of 50 % to 70 %. However, it has not been definitively shown to prolong the overall or disease-free survival due to lack of a phase III clinical trial. In contrast, a retrospective clinical investigation with molecular study suggests that sublethal dose of RT promoted HCC growth outside RT field. Two phase III trials were shown to be efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with advanced HCC. Median overall survival was significantly 2 to 3 months longer in the sorafenib group than that in the placebo. It is interesting to recognize the combined therapeutic effect of RT with sorafenib. Based on several preclinical experiments, tumor angiogenesis inhibitors seem to be synergistic with irradiation when using before RT, concurrently with RT, or after RT. Thus, the investigators design a single-arm phase II clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of combined RT with sorafenib. The eligibility criteria are patients with unresectable HCC; good performance status; no prior radiotherapy for the liver; clinical measurable tumor; good liver function and good compliance. After entering this study, the testee will receive RT to hepatic tumor with concurrently sorafenib with a dose of 400 mg twice daily. Hepatic RT will be performed with a daily fraction size of 2.0 to 2.5 Gy to a total dose of 46 Gy to 60 Gy. After RT, maintenance sorafenib with a dose of 400 mg twice daily will be ongoing. Sorafenib will be continued until the occurrence of clinical or radiologic progression, or the occurrence of either unacceptable adverse events or death. Minimum maintenance duration of 6 months is recommended, but not mandatory.

Detailed Description
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The primary end points are response rate and toxicities profile. The secondary endpoints are time to disease-free survival, overall survival, and quality of life assessment.

Official Title
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Phase II Study of Combined Sorafenib With Radiotherapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Conditions
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Radiation: sorafenib and radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with unresectable hepatoma with transarterial embolization (TAE) failure or who are not suitable for TACE. A maximal tumor diameter > 3.0 cm. Age: 20   69 years. ECOG 0 or 1. Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks. Child-Pugh A or B (preferentially score ≦ 7). Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score ≦ 3. Pretreatment liver function test and renal function test: Total bilirubin < 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)(≦ 3.0 (ULN) in patients treated by biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice) GOP/GPT ≦ 5 X of upper limit of normal range Alkaline phosphatase ≦ 4X of upper limit of normal range Prothrombin time/partial prothrombin time < 1.5 X of ULN Serum Creatinine ≦ 1.0 x ULN Pretreatment blood count: Hemoglobulin ≧ 9 g/dl Absolute neutrophil count ≧ 1500/mm3 Platelet count ≧ 50,000/mm3 Subjects with at least one uni-dimensional or bi-dimensional measurable lesion. Lesion must be measured by CT scan or MRI. Patients must fully recover from prior therapy that given > 4 weeks before enrollment. Signed informed consent must be obtained prior to any study related procedures. Exclusion Criteria: Child-Pugh C CLIP score ≧ 4 Patients with evidence of extrahepatic or metastatic disease Patients with evidence of massive ascites Patients receiving previous irradiation to liver Patients with previous use of Thalidomide less than 6 months from entering of the study History of cardiac disease: congestive heart failure >NYHA class 2; active CAD (MI more than 6 mo prior to study entry is allowed); cardiac arrythmias requiring anti-arrythmic therapy (beta blockers or digoxin are permitted) Active clinically serious infections ( > grade 2 CTC version 2) Patients undergoing renal dialysis Patients with evidence or history of bleeding diathesis Prior treatment with EGFR TKIs or VEGFR TKIs Hypertension uncontrolled by medical therapy Symptomatic metastatic brain or meningeal tumors unless the patient is > 6 months from definitive therapy, has a negative imaging study within 4 weeks of study entry and is clinically stable with respect to the tumor at the time of study entry. Also the patient must not be undergoing acute steroid therapy or taper. Chemotherapy or immunotherapy or other systemic anti-cancer therapy within 4 weeks.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 69 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| radiotherapy efficacy<br>Concurrent stage with RT: sorafenib 400mg twice daily Maintenance stage after RT: sorafenib 400mg twice daily Treatment can be continued until the occurrence of clinical or radiologic progression, the occurrence of either unacceptable adverse events, death, or any criteria met for removal from the protocol treatment. Basically, minimum maintenance duration of 6 months is recommended, not mandatory. | Radiation: sorafenib and radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma<br>* Concurrent and maintenance sorafenib 400mg twice daily<br>* Other names: Combined radiotherapy and sorafenib.;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Response rate | The tumor response rate will be evaluated at the 6th month after the ending of radiotherapy. The response rate includes complete and partial response according to the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria. | 6 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Disease progression-free survival | Disease progression-free survival: Patients with the evidence of clinical or radiographic progressive disease will be defined as disease progression. The average time period for the follow-up will be two years. | 2 years | 
| Overall survival | Participants will be followed. The average time period will be two years. | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Hepatocellular carcinoma, radiotherapy, sorafenib