Oral and Systemic Levels of TFF-1 and TTF-3 in Periodontal Diseases

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Trefoil factor family (TFF) consists of a group of small peptides that have key roles in host immune response and repair of tissue damage. Interleukin (IL)-1β is a regulatory proinflammatory cytokine in periodontal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the levels of TFF-1, TFF-3 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum of patients with gingivitis, stage 3 periodontitis and healthy individuals.

Detailed Description
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A total of one hundred participants were enrolled for the study. All individuals were assessed clinically and radiographically. Full-mouth clinical periodontal examinations were performed by the measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP). All these measurements were recorded at six sites around each tooth with a manual periodontal probe. The participants were categorized into three groups: healthy controls (n=25), patients with gingivitis (n=25) and patients with periodontitis (n=50). Gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum samples were collected from each participant one day after the clinical periodontal measurements. TFF-1, TFF-3 and IL-1β levels of these biofluids were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Official Title
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Two Novel Peptides Associated With Stage 3 Periodontitis: TFF-1 and TFF-3

Conditions
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Periodontal Diseases

Intervention / Treatment
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* Biological: biofluids


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Systemically healthy individuals No history of smoking Individuals between the ages of 25-50 years Having at least 20 natural teeth Exclusion Criteria: Any systemic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, immunological disorders, collagen-metabolic diseases, cancer) A history of smoking Pregnancy or lactation A history of surgical/non-surgical periodontal therapy in the past 1 year Drug therapy (e.g. anti-inflammatory, antibiotic treatment or any other pharmacological treatment) in the previous 6 months

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 49 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Healthy<br>Healthy control group (n=25) consisted of the volunteers having clinically healthy gingiva, PD≤3 mm, BOP<10% and no sign of clinical attachment loss and radiographic alveolar bone destruction. | Biological: biofluids<br>* Gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum samples were obtained.<br>|
| Gingivitis<br>Gingivitis group (n=25) had PD≤3 mm with BOP>50% in the entire mouth, and no clinical attachment loss or alveolar bone loss. | Biological: biofluids<br>* Gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum samples were obtained.<br>|
| Stage 3 periodontitis<br>Stage 3 periodontitis group included the patients exhibiting PD ≥6 mm and interdental CAL ≥5 mm at %30 or more teeth. They had no more than four teeth loss. | Biological: biofluids<br>* Gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum samples were obtained.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum TFF-1 and TFF-3 levels | Gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum TFF-1 and TFF-3 levels of gingivitis and periodontitis patients as well as healthy individuals were analyzed to identify the potential role of these peptides in periodontal diseases. | one day after the clinical periodontal measurements |