Assessing Motor Imagery Ability of Tongue and Mouth in Subjects With and With no Temporomandibular Disorders

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the symptomatic expression of a muscular or an articular impairment at the manducatory tract. TMD affects between 30 to 65% of the population with a higher prevalence for young women. The patients with DTM report a decrease of their personal, social and professional quality of life. Treatment usually relies on physical therapy. Among the different technics that can be used in physical therapy, there is growing evidence advocating the efficacy of using motor imagery (i.e. imagining a movement with no concomitant physical execution) during rehabilitation. It has also been shown that the benefits of practicing motor imagery depend on the ability (i.e., the higher the ability, the greater the benefits). However, there is no investigation of the motor imagery ability of the tongue and mouth movements conditioning the use of motor imagery during TMD rehabilitation. The objective of the study is to investigate the ability of imagining tongue and mouth movements using the Tongue and Mouth Imagery Questionnaire (TMIQ) as compare to the gold-standard Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ - Malouin et al., 2007).

Detailed Description
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Principal objective: Assess the validity construct of the Tongue and Mouth Imagery Questionnaire (TMIQ) as compare to the gold-standard Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ - Malouin et al., 2007), both measuring the motor imagery vividness. Secondary objectives: Assess the reliability of the TMIQ using a test-retest. Assess the temporal coupling (i.e., the ratio between imagined and physically practiced movement) and compare these ratios for the TMIQ and KVIQ. Investigate the effect of TMD by comparing the vividness scores of TMIQ for respectively subject with and with no TMD. Investigate the effect of TMD by comparing the vividness scores of KVIQ for respectively subject with and with no TMD. Investigate the effect of TMD by comparing the temporal coupling scores of TMIQ for respectively subject with and with no TMD. Investigate the effect of TMD by comparing the temporal coupling scores of KVIQ for respectively subject with and with no TMD.

Official Title
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Assessing Motor Imagery Using the Tongue and Mouth Imagery Questionnaire (TMIQ) in Patients With Temporomandibular Disorder and Healthy Control Subjects: a Reliability and Construct Validity Study

Conditions
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Temporomandibular Disorder, Motor Imagery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: reliability and validity construct of the TMIQ


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: age between 18 and 75 years A voluntary individual who has given informed consent after receiving clear, fair and appropriate information about the study. For DTM group participants inclusion during the DTM rehabilitation in the physical therapy firm Cabinet Saint Alexandre. beneficiary of the social security scheme Exclusion Criteria: The presence of a short tongue brake (Marchesan, 2005) Lingual immaturity evaluated by the Tardieu test (Jouannaud et al. 1972) Patients who had orthognathic surgery within 6 months post- operative, or facial fractures according to the same deadlines The presence of peripheral facial palsy Current participation in another research whose objective would be the evaluation of a therapeutic, drug or not, introducing an experimental bias.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Temporomandibular disorder group (TMD)<br>Patients with temporomandibular disorder coming at the Cabinet Saint Alexandre for orofacial rehabilitation. Test 1: passation of the KVIQ questionnaire, followed by the passation of the TMIQ during a rehabilitation session supervised by the physical therapist (PT) Test 2: passation of the TMIQ during the next rehabilitation session supervised by the same PT(interval between PT session 1 and 2 is a maximum of 45 days). Questionnaires were performed during the course of the patient rehabilitation that was instructed not to perform imagined movement during the interval. | Other: reliability and validity construct of the TMIQ<br>* comparison of the TMIQ to the gold-standard questionnaire (KVIQ) and test-retest<br>|
| Control healthy group (CTL)<br>Healthy individuals with no temporomandibular disorder (i.e., no orofacial medical consultation or rehabilitation) aged-matched and gender-matched to TMD group. Test 1: passation of the KVIQ questionnaire, followed by the passation of the TMIQ during a session supervised by the physical therapist (PT) Test 2: passation of the TMIQ during the next session supervised by the same PT(interval between PT session 1 and 2 is a maximum of 8 days). Questionnaires were performed with no additional rehabilitation and participants were instructed not to perform imagined movement during the interval. | Other: reliability and validity construct of the TMIQ<br>* comparison of the TMIQ to the gold-standard questionnaire (KVIQ) and test-retest<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| vividness score of imagined movements of the TMIQ for the DTM group | Averaged vividness score (using a 5-point likert scale, 1=minimum vividness, 5=maximal vividness) for the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study inclusion, i.e day 1 | 
| vividness score of imagined movements of the TMIQ for the CTL group | Averaged vividness score (using a 5-point likert scale, 1=minimum vividness, 5=maximal vividness) for the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study inclusion, i.e day 1 | 
| vividness score of imagined movements of the KVIQ for the DTM group | Averaged vividness score (using a 5-point likert scale, 1=minimum vividness, 5=maximal vividness) for the KVIQ for the DTM group | at study inclusion, i.e day 1 | 
| vividness score of imagined movements of the KVIQ for the CTL group | Averaged vividness score (using a 5-point likert scale, 1=minimum vividness, 5=maximal vividness) for the KVIQ for the DTM group | at study inclusion, i.e day 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| vividness score of imagined movements of the TMIQ for the DTM group | Averaged vividness score (using a 5-point likert scale, 1=minimum vividness, 5=maximal vividness) for the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study completion, between 8 days to 45 days after inclusion | 
| vividness score of imagined movements of the TMIQ for the CTL group | Averaged vividness score (using a 5-point likert scale, 1=minimum vividness, 5=maximal vividness) for the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study completion, between 8 days to 45 days after inclusion | 
| Temporal coupling to imagined movements of the TMIQ for the DTM group | Computation of ratio between imagined and physically practiced movements measured during the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study completion, between 8 days to 45 days after inclusion | 
| Temporal coupling to imagined movements of the TMIQ for the CTL group | Computation of ratio between imagined and physically practiced movements measured during the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study inclusion, i.e day 1 | 
| Temporal coupling to imagined movements of the TMIQ for the CTL group | Computation of ratio between imagined and physically practiced movements measured during the TMIQ for the DTM group | at study completion, between 8 days to 45 days after inclusion | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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orofacial myotherapies;, physical therapy;, assessment;, questionnaire validation