Diastolic Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Infants

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The influence of early environmental factors, including nutrition, on future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and, in a broader view, the concept of early metabolic programming and future health have been extensively discussed during the past decades. Observational studies have suggested that formula-fed infants as compared with breastfed infants have an elevated risk of future CVD.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The influence of early environmental factors, including nutrition, on future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and, in a broader view, the concept of early metabolic programming and future health have been extensively discussed during the past decades. Observational studies have suggested that formula-fed infants as compared with breastfed infants have an elevated risk of future CVD, since they have faster early growth rate and higher risk of overweight, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and unfavorable blood lipid profile in adult age. Formula-fed preterm infants have higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, higher serum low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein (LDL:HDL) ratio, and higher serum apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 (apoB:apoA1) ratio in adolescence as compared with preterm infants receiving banked breast milk.

Official Title
-----------------
Diastolic Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Breastfed Vs. Formula Fed Infants ( As Early Indicators for Cardiovascular Disease ).

Conditions
-----------------
Breastfeeding, Exclusive

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Dietary Supplement: S. Cholesterol S. Triglyceride


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Breastfed infants Formula-fed infants Raw milk fed infants Mixed fed infants Breast milk plus raw milk Breast milk plus formula Exclusion Criteria: 1. Children with Cong. Heart Disease, family history of congenital hyperlipidemia and cases which prove hyperlipidemia of high levels (congenital).

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 10 Months
Maximum Age: 14 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Breastfed infants<br>Infants depending on breastfeeding S. Cholesterol S. Triglycerides S. HDL Cholesterol | Dietary Supplement: S. Cholesterol S. Triglyceride<br>* S. Cholesterol S. Triglycerides<br>* Other names: Blood pressure;|
| Formula-fed infants<br>Infants have formula feeding S. Cholesterol S. Triglycerides S. HDL Cholesterol | Dietary Supplement: S. Cholesterol S. Triglyceride<br>* S. Cholesterol S. Triglycerides<br>* Other names: Blood pressure;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Diastolic blood pressure | Value of Infants feeding | Around one year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serum cholesterol level | Value of breastfeeding | Around one year |