Effects of Canola Oil and Coconut Oil on Postprandial Metabolism in Older Adults With Increased Cardiometabolic Risk

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to investigate the postprandial effects of fat content and fatty acid composition of mixed meals on parameters associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, older subjects with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases consume 4 mixed meals with 25 or 50 g of either canola or coconut oil. In a postprandial period of 6 hours, outcomes associated with cardiometabolic risk (e.g., triglycerides) are analyzed.

Detailed Description
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In a crossover design, 30 older men and women with increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases consume 4 mixed meals, enriched with either 25 or 50 g canola or coconut oil. During a postprandial period of 6 hours, parameters of lipid metabolism (e.g., plasma triglycerides), glucose metabolism (e.g., plasma glucose, serum insulin), as well as markers of inflammation (e.g., IL-6), vascular system (e.g., pulse wave velocity) and antioxidant system (e.g., trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity) are analyzed. Furthermore, fatty acid profile, neuropsychologic parameters (e.g., appetite) and satiety-associated hormones (e.g., Ghrelin) are assessed. Each intervention arm will be separated by a washout period of about 14 days.

Official Title
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Acute Effects of Canola Oil Compared With Coconut Oil on Postprandial Metabolism in Women and Men With Increased Risk for Cardiometabolic Diseases

Conditions
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Cardiovascular Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Mixed meals


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: BMI: 27 - 34,9 kg/m2 Waist circumference: women ≥ 80 cm, men ≥ 94 cm At least two of the following criteria of metabolic syndrome: Fasting triglycerides in serum: ≥ 150 mg/dl Fasting HDL-Cholesterol in serum: women < 50 mg/dl, men < 40 mg/dl Systolic blood pressure: ≥ 130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure: ≥ 85 mmHg Fasting glucose in plasma: ≥ 100 mg/dL Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Diseases that may impact outcome measures (e.g., thyroid diseases, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, impaired renal function, tumors, anemia) Intake of immunosuppressives or supplements (e.g., fish oil) Participation in another study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Canola oil high-fat<br>Participants randomized to receive a mixed meal with 50 g canola oil | Dietary Supplement: Mixed meals<br>* Mixed meals enriched with either 25 or 50 g of canola or coconut oil<br>|
| Experimental: Coconut oil high-fat<br>Participants randomized to receive a mixed meal with 50 g coconut oil | Dietary Supplement: Mixed meals<br>* Mixed meals enriched with either 25 or 50 g of canola or coconut oil<br>|
| Experimental: Canola oil low-fat<br>Participants randomized to receive a mixed meal with 25 g canola oil | Dietary Supplement: Mixed meals<br>* Mixed meals enriched with either 25 or 50 g of canola or coconut oil<br>|
| Experimental: Coconut oil low-fat<br>Participants randomized to receive a mixed meal with 25 g coconut oil | Dietary Supplement: Mixed meals<br>* Mixed meals enriched with either 25 or 50 g of canola or coconut oil<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Parameters of lipid metabolism in blood I | Measurement of triglycerides (mg/dl) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Parameters of lipid metabolism in blood II | Measurement of total cholesterol (mg/dl) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Parameters of lipid metabolism in blood III | Measurement of LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Parameters of lipid metabolism in blood IV | Measurement of HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Parameters of lipid metabolism in blood VI | Measurement of free fatty acids (mmol/L) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood I | Measurement of glucose (mg/dl) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Parameters of glucose metabolism in blood II | Measurement of insulin (nmol/L) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Assessment of hunger and satiety | Assessment via visual analogue scales (e.g., 0 = not hungry at all, 10 = very hungry) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Assessment of attention and memory | Assessment via validated neuropsychological questionnaires (paper-pencil) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Postprandial endothelial function | Assessment via the Vicorder device (e.g., measurement of pulse wave velocity in m/s) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Postprandial inflammation | Measurement of parameters of inflammation in blood (e.g., IL-6 in pg/ml) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Antioxidant system | Measurement of parameters of antioxidant system in blood (e.g., TEAC in mmol Trolox equivalents/L) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 
| Fatty acid profile | Analysis of fatty acid profile in serum (e.g., alpha-linolenic acid in µmol/L) | Postprandial period of 6 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Postprandial metabolic events