The Effectiveness of Gain- Versus Loss-framed Health Messages to Improve Oral Health Among Iranian Adolescents

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study explores the effectiveness of message framing, loss-framed vs. gain-framed messages on oral health in Iran.

Detailed Description
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This is a study to explore the impact of two pamphlets with gain-framed and loss-framed messages on brushing and flossing attitudes, intentions , behaviors and clinical characteristics among a sample of adolescent students.

Official Title
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The Effectiveness of Gain- Versus Loss-framed Health Messages to Improve Oral Health Among Iranian Adolescents:A Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Health Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Framing (Gain-framed messages)
* Behavioral: Framing (Loss-framed messages)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: They are not involved in the oral health education Ability to understand Persian language Adolescents attending high schools in Qazvin Exclusion Criteria: Does not meet inclusion criteria

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years
Maximum Age: 19 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Loss-framed messages<br> | Behavioral: Framing (Loss-framed messages)<br>* The adolescents will randomly assign to three groups: gain-framed message , loss- framed message and a control group. Each group of adolescents will read the respective pamphlets with the exception of the control group. The loss-framed pamphlet contains six negative messages with three related full-color images (6.1 X 4.5). The loss-framed pamphlet, entitled The disadvantages of poor oral hygiene, emphasizes the costs of not brushing and flossing.<br>|
| Experimental: gain-framed messages<br>Adolescents will randomly assign to three groups: gain-framed message , loss-framed message and a control group. Each group of adolescents will read the respective pamphlets with the exception of the control group. The gain-framed pamphlet contains six positive messages with three related full-color images (6.1 X 4.5). The gain-framed pamphlet, entitled The Benefits of good oral hygiene, emphasizes the benefits of brushing, and flossing. | Behavioral: Framing (Gain-framed messages)<br>* The adolescents will randomly assign to three groups: gain-framed message and loss- framed message. Each group of adolescents will read the respective pamphlets with the exception of the control group. The gain-framed pamphlet contains six positive messages with three related full-color images(6.1 X 4.5). The gain-framed pamphlet, entitled The Benefits of good oral hygiene, emphasizes the benefits of brushing, and flossing.<br>* Other names: designing persuasive messages;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| changes in frequencies of dental brushing and flossing |  | changes from baseline, two weeks after the intervention and six months follow-up | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in psychological predictors of dental brushing (attitude, intention). |  | changes from baseline, two weeks after the intervention and six months follow-up | 
| Changes in Community Periodontal Index (CPI) |  | changes from baseline, two weeks after the intervention and six months follow-up | 
| Changes in Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index |  | changes from baseline, two weeks after the intervention and six months follow-up | 
| Oral health related quality of life |  | changes from baseline and six months follow-up | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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oral health, dental brushing, dental flossing