Point of Care 3D Ultrasound for Pediatric Appendicitis: a Pilot Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Purpose and Objective: The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of rapid acquisition of point of care 3D ultrasound for pediatric appendicitis. The study will use a newly developed acquisition method and post-processing technique to create three dimensional image models of the abdomen. Study activities and population group. The study population will be a convenience sample of patients 18 years and younger with suspected appendicitis, whose clinical care (unrelated to the study) includes ultrasound and/or CT of the abdomen. The study intervention includes acquisition of research ultrasound images, which will not be used for clinical care, and comparison of these images with clinically obtained images. Other clinical data such as surgical and pathology reports will also be reviewed. If not evident from the patient medical record, the final diagnosis will be confirmed by a telephone call to the subject 2 weeks after the initial visit. Data analysis and risk/safety issues. This is a pilot study intended to determine feasibility and to refine image reconstruction algorithms. Research images will be compared to clinical images to determine the frequency of visualization of the appendix and whether the appendix was deemed normal or abnormal. Comparison of research images with final diagnosis will also occur. The research intervention, an ultrasound exam, has no known safety risks. The only risk to subjects is loss of confidentiality. This study is observational, not interventional, because the experimental ultrasound will be performed in all subjects and will not be used in the clinical care of patients (consequently, will not have the opportunity to affect clinical outcomes). Experimental images will be reviewed after completion of clinical care and will not be provided to the clinicians caring for the subjects. We are not measuring the effect of the ultrasound examination on the subjects' outcomes.

Official Title
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Point of Care 3D Ultrasound for Pediatric Appendicitis: a Pilot Study

Conditions
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Appendicitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: ultrasound


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Potential subjects must be 0-18 years of age, presenting to the pediatric emergency department for evaluation of right lower abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis. The clinical diagnostic plan before subject enrollment must include abdominal ultrasound and/or abdominal CT. Exclusion Criteria: Because ultrasound does not involve the use of ionizing radiation or contrast agents, it is not contraindicated in any patients, although image quality may be nondiagnostic in obese patients. The focus of this study is on acquisition of research 3D POC US images to determine feasibility of use in pediatric patients with suspected appendicitis. Patients with BMI >30 or mass >70kg, as these patients are anticipated to have nondiagnostic ultrasound images. Ultrasound also requires a gel material be applied to the skin surface as an acoustic transmission medium. Allergy to such gel will be an exclusion criterion.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Device: ultrasound|nan|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Experimental ultrasound diagnosis agreement with final reference standard diagnosis | Agreement will be measured as simple agreement and with adjusted agreement (Cohen's kappa). Sensitivity and specificity will also be calculated by comparing the experimental ultrasound result with the final reference diagnosis. | Comparison of experimental ultrasound diagnosis with final reference diagnosis will occur at approximately 4 weeks (average) after date of experimental ultrasound exam, to allow clinical follow-up to occur. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Duration of experimental ultrasound exam (seconds) |  | The duration of the experimental ultrasound exam in seconds will be digitally recorded at the time of its performance. We anticipate the ultrasound duration to be less than 600 seconds. | 
| Appendix visualized by experimental ultrasound (yes/no) |  | 4 weeks (average). Images will be reviewed after the completion of each subject's acute care. Image review will usually occur within 4 weeks. | 
| Experimental ultrasound image quality. | Visual analogue scale/Likert scale | 4 weeks (average). Images will be reviewed after the completion of each subject's acute care. Image review will usually occur within 4 weeks. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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appendicitis, pediatric, ultrasound