HIV Prevention With Adolescents: Neurocognitive Deficits and Treatment Response

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This research is examining how genetic and brain factors play a role in adolescents' health risk behavior as well as studying behaviors that young people engage in that may place them at risk for contracting a sexually transmitted disease like HIV/AIDS, and what kind of educational program works best to reduce these risky behaviors.

Detailed Description
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A baseline assessment is conducted, including a computer questionnaire assessing personality characteristics, attitudes toward and experiences with sex, alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes, among other things. The participant also meets with a therapist to conduct a brief motivational interview at this time. A Time-Line Follow-Back is conducted; this notes incidences of sexual intercourse, alcohol use, marijuana use, and cigarette use in a 30-day period. An fMRI is conducted, and a saliva sample is gathered. During the second session of the study, participants are randomly assigned to either a sex and alcohol risk reduction intervention, or a sex risk reduction intervention. After the intervention, participants are contacted at 3 month intervals (3 months later, 6 months later, 9 months later, and 12 months later) to meet. At these follow-up meetings, another Time-Line Follow-Back is conducted, along with another computer questionnaire (again assessing attitudes toward and experiences with sex, alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes).

Conditions
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Risk Reduction Behavior, Sexual Behavior, Health Behavior, Drinking Behavior, Adolescent Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION + ALCOHOL RISK REDUCTION
* Behavioral: INFORMATION-ONLY SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Adolescents age 14-18 Involved in Juvenile Justice System OR enrolled in a private school Exclusion Criteria: Currently taking anti-psychotics Involved in similar intervention-based study (2 similar studies being conducted simultaneously by this lab)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 14 Years
Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: SEXUAL PLUS ALCOHOL RISK REDUCTION<br>Intervention contains information geared toward sexual risk reduction as well as alcohol risk reduction. | Behavioral: SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION + ALCOHOL RISK REDUCTION<br>* 2 hour 50 minute long intervention; includes presentation of STD/HIV facts, activities/games regarding safe sex, condom demonstration, video about sexual decision making, video about alcohol/sexual decision making, alcohol-related risk-reduction motivational interview, group discussion<br>* Other names: SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION + ALCOHOL RISK REDUCTION (SRRI+ETOH);|
| Active Comparator: INFORMATION-ONLY SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION<br>Intervention contains information geared toward sexual risk reduction only. | Behavioral: INFORMATION-ONLY SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION<br>* 1 hour 30 minute long intervention; includes presentation of STD/HIV facts, video about sexually transmitted diseases, review of STD/HIV facts<br>* Other names: INFORMATION-ONLY SEXUAL RISK REDUCTION (INFO-ONLY);|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time-Line Follow-Back (TLFB) | A Time-Line Follow-Back is a review of a recent 30-day period of the participant's life, wherein they note which days they engaged in any of the following activities: sexual intercourse, alcohol use, marijuana use, cigarette use. Further details are also provided, such as whether a condom was used, how many alcoholic drinks were consumed, etc. | 3-months post-intervention | 
| Time-Line Follow-Back (TLFB) | A Time-Line Follow-Back is a review of a recent 30-day period of the participant's life, wherein they note which days they engaged in any of the following activities: sexual intercourse, alcohol use, marijuana use, cigarette use. Further details are also provided, such as whether a condom was used, how many alcoholic drinks were consumed, etc. | 6-months post-intervention | 
| Time-Line Follow-Back (TLFB) | A Time-Line Follow-Back is a review of a recent 30-day period of the participant's life, wherein they note which days they engaged in any of the following activities: sexual intercourse, alcohol use, marijuana use, cigarette use. Further details are also provided, such as whether a condom was used, how many alcoholic drinks were consumed, etc. | 9-months post-intervention | 
| Time-Line Follow-Back (TLFB) | A Time-Line Follow-Back is a review of a recent 30-day period of the participant's life, wherein they note which days they engaged in any of the following activities: sexual intercourse, alcohol use, marijuana use, cigarette use. Further details are also provided, such as whether a condom was used, how many alcoholic drinks were consumed, etc. | 12-months post-intervention | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Computer questionnaire | Questionnaire completed by participant assesses sexual activity/consequences/attitudes, alcohol use/consequences/attitudes, marijuana use/consequences/attitudes, cigarette use/consequences/attitudes within past few months | 3 months post-intervention | 
| Computer questionnaire | Questionnaire completed by participant assesses sexual activity/consequences/attitudes, alcohol use/consequences/attitudes, marijuana use/consequences/attitudes, cigarette use/consequences/attitudes within past few months | 6 months post-intervention | 
| Computer questionnaire | Questionnaire completed by participant assesses sexual activity/consequences/attitudes, alcohol use/consequences/attitudes, marijuana use/consequences/attitudes, cigarette use/consequences/attitudes within past few months | 9 months post-intervention | 
| Computer questionnaire | Questionnaire completed by participant assesses sexual activity/consequences/attitudes, alcohol use/consequences/attitudes, marijuana use/consequences/attitudes, cigarette use/consequences/attitudes within past few months | 12 months post-intervention |