Physiological Effects of Creatine Supplementation in Active Males

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study was designed to examine how different forms of creatine impact active males.

Detailed Description
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This study examined the effects of different formulations of creatine nitrate on muscle creatine content, body composition, anaerobic exercise capacity, bench press performance and clinical chemistry panels in recreationally active males.

Official Title
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Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Creatine, Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Recreationally Active Males

Conditions
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Dietary Supplementation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Creatine monohydrate
* Dietary Supplement: Creatine nitrate
* Dietary Supplement: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: participants are apparently healthy and recreationally active males between the ages of 18 and 40; participants will need to have at least six months immediate prior history of resistance training on the bench press and leg press or squat; Exclusion Criteria: participants have a history of treatment for metabolic disease (i.e., diabetes), hypertension, hypotension, thyroid disease, arrhythmias and/or cardiovascular disease; participants are currently using prescription medications; participants have a history of smoking; participants drink excessively (i.e., 12 drinks per week or more); participants have a recent history of creatine supplementation within six weeks of the start of supplementation;

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Creatine monohydrate<br>Creatine monohydrate (6.0 g.) + dextrose (0.5 g.) | Dietary Supplement: Creatine monohydrate<br>* Creatine monohydrate (6.0 g) + dextrose (0.5 g)<br>|
| Active Comparator: Creatine nitrate<br>Creatine nitrate (5.0 g. creatine monohydrate + 1.5 g. creatine nitrate that provides 1.0 g. of creatine and 0.5 g. nitrate in 2:1 ratio). | Dietary Supplement: Creatine nitrate<br>* Creatine nitrate (5.0 g creatine monohydrate + 1.5 g. creatine nitrate that provides 1.0 g. of creatine and 0.5 g. nitrate in 2:1 ratio)<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>6.5 g. dextrose | Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br>* Placebo (6.5 g dextrose)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on Body Water | Assessing Body Water through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition | Assessing Body Compositing through Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on intramuscular creatine | Assessing intramuscular creatine using standard spectrophotometric methods using a microplate spectrophotometer | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on intramuscular phosphocreatine | Assessing intramuscular phosphocreatine using standard spectrophotometric methods using a microplate spectrophotometer | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on intramuscular ATP | Assessing intramuscular Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) using standard spectrophotometric methods using a microplate spectrophotometer | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on muscular strength | Assessing muscular strength through 1 Repetition Maximum (RM) testing | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on muscular endurance | Assessing muscular endurance through repetition to failure testing | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on anaerobic capacity | Assessing anaerobic capacity through 6 x 6 second sprints followed by a 30 second sprint on a Wingate bicycle ergometer | 28 Days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on training volume (weight lifted x number of repetitions x number of sets) | Assessing training volume using a calculator | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on self-reported side effects | Assessing self-reported side effects using a side effects questionnaire | 28 Days | 
| Effects of 28 Days of Different Forms of Creatine Supplementation on blood | Measure standard clinical chemistry panels in the blood to evaluate safety | 28 Days |