Perioperative Closed-loop Glucose Control

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The prevalence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in surgical patients is rising and associated with grater complication rates, length of stay and mortality rates. Suboptimal glucose management in the perioperative setting remains a major barrier to optimal surgical care. While there are guidelines to manage perioperative diabetes care, implementation is challenging and inconsistent, in part due to a stretched workforce, involvement of several disciplines and clinical teams and shortcomings in clinical training and knowledge. Closed-loop glucose control represents an emerging diabetes treatment modality that autonomously adjusts insulin delivery according to continuously measured glucose levels. The use of fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery may represent an easy-to-adopt approach for safe and effective perioperative diabetes management.

Official Title
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Perioperative Closed-loop Insulin Delivery Versus Standard Insulin Therapy - a Randomised Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Conditions
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Perioperative Hyperglycaemia, Insulin Therapy, Elective Surgery, Closed-Loop Glucose Control, Artificial Pancreas

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: CamAPS
* Drug: Standard insulin therapy


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Written informed consent The subject is aged 18 years or over Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes using standard diagnostic practice (37) The subject is planned for an elective abdominal, thoracic or cardiovascular surgery at the University Hospital Bern expected to last ≥2 hours The subject requires treatment with subcutaneous insulin as part of the perioperative glucose management The subject is literate in German The subject is willing to wear study devices 24/7 Exclusion Criteria: Physical or psychological condition likely to interfere with the normal conduct of the study and interpretation of the study results as judged by the investigator Known or suspected allergy to insulin Type 1 diabetes Pregnancy, planned pregnancy, or breast feeding Medically documented allergy towards the adhesive (glue) of plasters or unable tolerate tape adhesive in the area of sensor placement Lack of safe contraception for female participants of childbearing potential for the entire study duration (medically reliable method of contraception are considered oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, intrauterine contraceptive devices, or any other methods judged as sufficiently reliable by the investigator in individual cases). Serious skin diseases located at places of the body, which potentially are possible to be used for localisation of the glucose sensor Illicit drug abuse or prescription drug abuse Incapacity to give informed consent Droplet/airborne isolation precautions Participation in another clinical trial that interferes with the interpretation of the study results

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Closed-loop insulin therapy<br> | Device: CamAPS<br>* Fully automated closed-loop subcutaneous insulin delivery system. A model predictive controller modulates insulin delivery every 10-12 minutes based on interstitial glucose measurements.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Standard insulin therapy<br> | Drug: Standard insulin therapy<br>* Standard insulin therapy according to local clinical practice.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The proportion of time spent in the target glucose range from 5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L based on sensor glucose levels during the time from hospital admission for elective surgery until discharge. |  | Up to 20 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Proportion of time spent with sensor glucose values above target (> 10.0 mmol/L) |  | Up to 20 days | 
| Proportion of time spent with sensor glucose <3.0 mmol/L |  | Up to 20 days | 
| Average of sensor glucose level |  | Up to 20 days | 
| Time spent with sensor glucose below target (5.6 mmol/L) |  | Up to 20 days | 
| Proportion of time spent with sensor glucose levels in significant hyperglycaemia (glucose levels > 20 mmol/L) |  | Up to 20 days | 
| Standard deviation and coefficient of variation of sensor glucose levels |  | Up to 20 days | 
| Total daily insulin requirements |  | Up to 20 days |