Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The study aims to identify the Following: - incidence and mortality of cardiac Surgery associated -AKI based on the new consensus diagnostic systems of KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). use of biomarkers for the early detection of clinical and subclinical cardiac Surgery associated-AKI. risk factors and prediction models of cardiac Surgery associated-AKI. optimal cardiac surgical procedures including conventional versus minimally invasive approaches, on-pump versus off-pump, and optimal management of cardiac surgical support including duration of CPB, perfusion pressure, hemodilution, and hypothermia during CPB. controversial pharmacologic therapies for the prevention and treatment of cardiac Surgery associated-AKI including statins, sodium bicarbonate, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Detailed Description
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Acute renal injury (AKI) is a severe complication that occurs in 3.5-31.0% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, making it one of the most common complications observed in this group of patients. Evidence suggests that even slight postoperative increases in serum creatinine levels are associated with a significant increase in the risk of death. Among individuals undergoing cardiac surgery, mortality has been reported to be as high as 8% and postoperative AKI can increase the mortality rate to over 60%. The occurrence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery raises the mortality rate from 0.4-4.4% to 1.3-22.3%; when those same patients require dialysis, rates range from 25% to 88.9%, making severe postoperative AKI an independent risk factor for mortality that results in an 8-fold increase in the risk of death. Therefore, cardiac surgery AKI is associated with serious complications as well as with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stays and with a worse quality of life. It also increases early and late mortality and health care expenditures. The early identification of patients at risk of developing AKI after cardiac surgery is an important strategy for improving the care of such patients during the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Many factors have been found to facilitate the development of AKI after cardiac surgery such as: age; obesity; female gender; valve replacement surgery; myocardial infarction in the last 30 days; low cardiac output; blood transfusion; and many others. Epidemiological studies of AKI in cardiac surgery patients are important because they allow for better diagnosis of AKI and facilitate the prognosis estimation, as well as the development of new, more effective strategies to prevent and minimize this complication, thus reducing the associated morbidity and mortality.

Official Title
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Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery in Patients Without Chronic Kidney Disease.

Conditions
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Heart Shock, Heart Diseases, Heart Valve Diseases, Cardiac Disease, Cardio-Renal Syndrome, Cardio Respiratory Arrest, Cardiopulmonary Disease, Cardiopulmonary Arrest With Successful Resuscitation, Cardio-pulmonary Bypass, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Kidney Injury Due to Circulatory Failure, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: Cardiac Surgery


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: On-pump cardiac surgery; Off-pump Cardiac Surgery; Informed and written consent of the patient or inclusion according to the emergency procedure; Affiliated patient or beneficiary of a social protection. Exclusion Criteria: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Patients who underwent emergency heart surgery. patients who, within the last 72 hours before surgery, were injected with iodinated contrast (because of its potential nephrotoxicity). patients with chronic Kidney disease. 5- patients with a preoperative serum creatinine >2 mg/dL. patients who died within the first 24 hours after surgery. patients on mechanical ventilation before intervention. Patients with preoperative medical disorders other than cardiac affection.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Procedure: Cardiac Surgery|About 3.5-31.0% of Patients undergoing cardiac surgery Complains from Postoperative Acute renal injury (AKI) that is a severe complication increasing the risk factor for mortality about 8-folds, The occurrence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery raises the mortality rate from 0.4-4.4% to 1.3-22.3%; when those same patients require dialysis.|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The early identification of patients at risk of developing AKI after cardiac surgery | observing if The early identification of patients at risk of developing AKI after cardiac surgery will or will not affect the postoperative Mortality. | Baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ICU and hospital Length of stay | observing if the patients which will develop AKI after cardiac surgery will or will not affect their ICU and hospital Length of stay. | Baseline | 
| Vent days | observing if the patients which will develop AKI after cardiac surgery will or will not affect their need for and the Period of Mechanical ventilation. | Baseline | 
| The need for renal replacement therapy | observing if the patients which will develop AKI after cardiac surgery will or will not become in need for renal replacement therapy. | Baseline | 
| Renal recovery | observing the relation between developing AKI after cardiac surgery and Renal recovery. | Baseline |