A Study on the Use of Healthcare Resources and Costs of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults in England

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main aim of the study is to learn about the demographic and clinical characteristics, healthcare resources utilization (HCRU) and costs associated with before and after ADHD diagnosis in England. No study medicines will be provided to participants in this study. The record available in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database for ADHD participants will be assessed.

Official Title
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Healthcare Resources Utilization and Associated Costs of Adult ADHD in England

Conditions
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria Age greater than or equal to (>=) 18 years at the beginning of the patient observation period (that is 18-months prior to the adult ADHD diagnosis to ensure they would have been seen in adult health care services). First record of an adult ADHD diagnosis between 01st January 2016 and 30th June 2018. Data availability in the database at least during the 18-months before and after the index date. Exclusion Criteria A participant will be excluded from the study if their CPRD linked to HES electronic medical record data includes: Incomplete information for key demographics (that is, missing age or sex). Clinical history of a diagnosis of ADHD during childhood or adolescence. Prescription of a licensed adult ADHD medication (that is, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, dexamfetamine, atomoxetine) during the pre-index period.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Participant With ADHD<br>The record available for ADHD participants in primary care-based electronic medical records in the CPRD database linked to secondary care based episodic claims data available in HES database will be assessed. | Other: No intervention<br>* This is a non-interventional study.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of General Practitioner (GP) Appointments | Number of GP appointments will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Referrals to Psychiatrist | Number of referrals to psychiatrist will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Referrals by Specialist | Number of referrals by specialist will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Outpatient Visits by Specialist | Number of outpatient visits by specialist will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Investigations Undergone | Number and type of investigations undergone will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Accident and Emergency Visits | Number of accident and emergency visits will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Reasons for Admission | Number of reasons for admission will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Inpatient Hospitalizations | Number of inpatient hospitalizations will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Length of Stay in Hospital | Length of stay in hospital will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Total Healthcare Costs | Health care cost includes prescription costs, primary health care consultations, investigations, hospital admissions, and outpatient appointments. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Participants Prescribed With Pharmacological Treatments | Number of participants prescribed with pharmacological treatment will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Participants Received Non-Pharmacological Treatments | The number of participants who received non-pharmacological treatments will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months | 
| Number of Participants Received Non-Pharmacological Therapy | The non-pharmacological therapy will be cognitive behavioural therapy. Number of participants who received non-pharmacological therapy will be reported. | Up to approximately 36 months |