Impact of Customized Respiratory Training on Cardiopulmonary Function in Parkison's Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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People with PD have lower cardiopulmonary function than their age matched peers. This decline can further impair a person's ability to participate in exercise and daily activities. Furthermore, the limitations in cardiopulmonary function can have a severe impact on mortality. There is evidence indicating the positive changes IMT can have on cardiopulmonary function in people with PD. Through intensive daily exercise people with PD have shown improvements in maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure though detraining does occur when the intervention is not continued. The purpose of the proposed study is to determine if improvements in expiratory muscle strength can be maintained with a maintenance inspiratory muscle training program. The hypothesis is that there will be a significant change from baseline at the three and six month follow ups.

Detailed Description
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Testers will complete the following outcome measures at the pretest: height, weight, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, six-minute walk test, and Fatigue Impact Scale in person.17,18 Participants, and caregivers if necessary, will be educated on how to complete the intensive IMT program. The dosage will be IMT 3 times/day for 20 repetitions each with resistance set at 30% of baseline maximum for 12 weeks. This training will occur at home. Participants will record daily their completion of the intensive IMT. Investigators will contact participants weekly for follow-up of compliance and questions. Participants will be contacted either through email, text, or phone call, depending on their preference. After 12 weeks of intensive IMT training, the investigators will complete the first posttest which will include the following assessments: maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, six-minute walk test, and fatiguability scale in person. Participants, and caregivers if necessary, will be educated on the maintenance IMT program. The dosage for the maintenance program will be 33% of their intensive IMT program, which will result in IMT 1 time/day for 20 repetitions with resistance set at 30% of baseline maximum at the first posttest. The participants will continue the maintenance program for 12 more weeks. Participants will record daily their completion of the maintenance IMT program. Investigators will contact participants weekly for follow-up of compliance and questions. Participants will be contacted either through email, text, or phone call, depending on their preference. After the 12 weeks of maintenance IMT, the investigators will complete the second posttest which will include the following assessments: maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, six-minute walk test, and fatiguability scale in person. The participants will receive a $50 Amazon gift card upon the completion of second posttest. The participants will also be allowed to keep their IMT devices for continued use.

Official Title
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The Impact of a Customized Respiratory Muscle Training and Maintenance Program on Cardiopulmonary Function in People With Parkinson's Disease.

Conditions
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Parkinson Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: inspiratory muscle training


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: physician's diagnosis of Parkinson's disease Exclusion Criteria: people who are actively smoking, have a pacemaker, recent diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, active pulmonary disease within 1 month, or hospitalization within 2 months of time of study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Inspiratory Muscle Training<br>involves the intervention portion of the study to improve strength of the cardiopulmonary system | Other: inspiratory muscle training<br>* Participants will complete inspiratory muscle training daily in their homes for 12 weeks. The dosage will depend on their initial maximum pressure. At the end of the 12 week intensive period, participants will reduce the inspiratory resistance by a third and continue a maintenance training for an additional 12 weeks.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| maximum expiratory pressure | measure of the maximum expiratory cardiopulmonary pressure | 5 minutes | 
| maximum inspiratory pressure | measure of the maximum inspiratory cardiopulmonary pressure | 5 minutes | 
| 6 minute walk test | distance walked in 6 minutes | 8 minutes | 
| Fatigue Impact Scale | measure of a person's self report fatigue, ranges from 0-36 and higher score indicates greater impact of fatigue | 10 minutes | 
| heart rate | heart beats per minutes | 1 minute | 
| respiratory rate | breaths per minute | 1 minute | 
| blood pressure | measure of rest blood pressure | 1 minute |