Safety and Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD) and Efficacy of Repeat Doses of GSK2982772 in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study is the first study with GSK2982772, a receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) kinase inhibitor, in subjects with moderate to severe RA who are currently being treated with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The primary objective of the study is to investigate the safety and tolerability of repeat oral doses of GSK2982772 in subjects with moderate to severe RA. In addition to the PK, a number of experimental and clinical endpoints will be employed to obtain information on the PD, and preliminary efficacy in subjects with active RA. Although no formal hypothesis will be tested, these endpoints will enable a broader understanding of the mechanism of action and potential for clinical efficacy of GSK2982772 in RA. After a screening period of up to 30 days, approximately 24 subjects will be randomized to receive either GSK2982772 or placebo for 84 days (12 weeks), followed by a follow-up period (28 days). The total duration of participation in the study will be approximately 20 weeks from screening to the last study visit.

Official Title
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A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind (Sponsor-unblinded), Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy of GSK2982772 in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis

Conditions
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: GSK2982772 60 mg
* Drug: Placebo


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Between 18 and 75 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent. Subjects that do not have any medical conditions, other than moderate to severe RA, that in the opinion of the Investigator put the subject at unacceptable risk or interfere with study assessments or integrity of the data. These medical conditions should be stable at the time of screening and are expected to remain stable for the duration of the study. Subject has had a confirmed diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis according to the revised 2010 ACR-EULAR classification criteria. Disease duration of >=12 weeks (time from onset of patient-reported symptoms of either pain or stiffness or swelling in hands, feet or wrists) at screening. Swollen joint count of >=4 (28-joint count) and tender joint count >=4 (28-joint count) at screening. Subject has a DAS28 CRP disease activity score of >= 3.2 and CRP >= 5.0 mg/liter (L) (>=4.76 nanomole (nmol)/L) at screening. Subject must have received at least 12 weeks of non-biologic DMARD monotherapy or MTX/DMARD combination therapy prior to screening and must be on stable dose throughout the study. Subject is naive to any biological therapies for RA or subject may have had previous exposure to a single anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologic agent which was discontinued for reasons other than primary non-response more than 8 weeks (or 5 half lives whichever is longer) from first dose. For subjects who have consented to synovial joint biopsy: • Subject has an involved knee, wrist, or ankle suitable for biopsy, as assessed by a rheumatologist at screening. A body mass index (BMI) within range of 18.5 - 35 kilogram/meter^2 (Kg/m^2) (inclusive) at screening. Male and female subjects Males: Male subjects with female partners of child bearing potential must comply with the contraception requirements specified in the protocol. Females: A female subject is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant (as confirmed by a negative serum human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] test), not lactating, and at least one of the following conditions applies: Non-reproductive potential as defined as pre-menopausal females with either documented tubal ligation or Documented hysteroscopic tubal occlusion procedure with follow-up confirmation of bilateral tubal occlusion or Hysterectomy or Documented Bilateral Oophorectomy. For Postmenopausal females as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea in questionable cases a blood sample with simultaneous follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels consistent with menopause. Females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the highly effective contraception methods if they wish to continue their HRT during the study. Otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of post-menopausal status prior to study enrollment.. Reproductive potential and agrees to follow one of the options listed in the Modified List of Highly Effective Methods for Avoiding Pregnancy in Females of Reproductive Potential (FRP) from 30 days prior to the first dose of study medication and until at least 30 days after the last dose of study medication and completion of the follow-up visit. The Investigator is responsible for ensuring that subjects understand how to properly use these methods of contraception. Capable of giving signed informed consent as described in the protocol which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form and in this protocol. Exclusion Criteria: Subject with a positive anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA [anti-dsDNA]) and confirmed diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Subject with current history of Suicidal Ideation Behavior (SIB) as measured using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) or a history of attempted suicide. An active infection, or a history of infections as follows: Hospitalization for treatment of infection within 60 days before first dose (Day 1). Currently on any suppressive therapy for a chronic infection (such as pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster and atypical mycobacteria). Use of parenteral (intravenous [IV] or intramuscular) antibiotics (antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, or antiparasitic agents) for an infection within 60 days before first dose. A history of opportunistic infections within 1 year of screening (e.g. pneumocystis jirovecii, cytomegalovirus [CMV] pneumonitis, aspergillosis). This does not include infections that may occur in immunocompetent individuals, such as fungal nail infections or vaginal candidiasis, unless it is of an unusual severity or recurrent nature. Recurrent or chronic infection or other active infection that, in the opinion of the Investigator might cause this study to be detrimental to the patient. History of Tuberculosis (TB), irrespective of treatment status. A positive diagnostic TB test at screening defined as a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test or T-spot test. In cases where the QuantiFERON or T-spot test is indeterminate, the subject may have the test repeated once, but they will not be eligible for the study unless the second test is negative. In cases where the QuantiFERON or T-spot test is positive, but a locally-read follow up chest x-ray, shows no evidence of current or previous pulmonary tuberculosis, the subject may be eligible for the study at the discretion of the Investigator and GSK Medical Monitor. Electrocardiogram QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) > 450 milliseconds (msec) or QTc > 480 msec for subjects with bundle branch block at screening. The QTc is the QT interval corrected for heart rate according to either Bazett's formula (QTcB), Fridericia's formula (QTcF), or another method, machine or manual over read. The specific formula that will be used to determine eligibility and discontinuation for an individual subject should be determined and documented prior to initiation of the study. In other words, several different formulae cannot be used to calculate the QTc for an individual subject and then the lowest QTc value used to include or discontinue the subject from the trial. For purposes of data analysis, QTcB, QTcF, another QT correction formula, or a composite of available values of QTc will be used. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >2x upper limit of normal (ULN) and bilirubin >1.5xULN (isolated bilirubin >1.5xULN is acceptable if bilirubin is fractionated and direct bilirubin <35 percent) at screening. Current active or chronic history of liver or biliary disease (with the exception of Gilbert's syndrome or asymptomatic gallstones). Current or history of renal disease or estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) calculation <60 milliliter (mL)/minute (min)/1.73 m^2 at screening. Hereditary or acquired immunodeficiency disorder, including immunoglobulin deficiency. A major organ transplant (e.g., heart, lung, kidney, liver) or hematopoietic stem cell/marrow transplant. Any planned surgical procedures including surgical joint procedures (e.g., intra-articular, tendon sheath, or bursal corticosteroid injections) during the study. A history of malignant neoplasm within the last 5 years, except for adequately treated non-metastatic cancers of the skin (basal or squamous cell) or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix that has been fully treated and shows no evidence of recurrence. Has undergone surgery including synovectomy or arthroplasty on the joint chosen for biopsy and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subject has a history of any other joint disease other than RA at the knee, wrist or ankle joint chosen for biopsy and/or MRI (e.g., gout, pseudogout, osteoarthritis). Has undergone intra-articular corticosteroid injection, arthrocentesis or synovial biopsy on any joint within 6 weeks of screening. A known allergy to lidocaine or other local anesthetics (only applies to subjects who consent for synovial biopsy procedures). Contraindication to MRI scanning (as assessed by local MRI safety questionnaire) which includes but are not limited to: Intracranial aneurysm clips (except SugitaTM) or other metallic objects, History of intra-orbital metal fragments that have not been removed by a medical professional. Pacemakers or other implanted cardiac rhythm management devices and non-MR compatible heart valves, Inner ear implants, History of claustrophobia which may impact participation. The subject has received treatment with the prohibited therapies listed in the protocol, or changes to those treatments, within the prescribed timeframe. • Other medications (including vitamins, herbal and dietary supplements) will be considered on a case-by-case basis, and will be allowed if in the opinion of the Investigator the medication will not interfere with the study procedures or compromise subject safety. History of alcohol or drug abuse that would interfere with the ability to comply with the study. History of sensitivity to any of the study treatments, or components thereof or a history of drug or other allergy that, in the opinion of the Investigator or Medical Monitor, contraindicates their participation. Received a live or attenuated vaccine within 30 days of randomization or plan to receive a vaccination during the study until half-lives (or 2 days) plus 30 days after receiving GSK2982772. Contraindication to gadolinium contrast agent in accordance with local guidelines. The subject has participated in a clinical trial and has received an investigational product within 30 days or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer before the first dose of study medication, or plans to take part in another clinical trial at the same time as participating in this clinical trial. Hemoglobin <9 grams/deciliter (g/dL);hematocrit <30 percent, white blood cell count =<3,000/millimeter^3 (mm^3) (=<3.0 x 10^9/L); platelet count =<100,000/ microliter (μL) (=<100 x 10^9/L); absolute neutrophil count =<1.5 x 10^9/L at screening. For subjects recruited in Germany: hemoglobin <11 g/dL at screening. Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), positive hepatitis C antibody test result at screening or within 3 months prior to first dose of study treatment. As potential for and magnitude of immunosuppression with this compound is unknown, subjects with presence of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) should be excluded. A positive serology for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 or 2 at screening. Where participation in the study would result in donation of blood or blood products in excess of 500 mL within 3 months. Exposure to more than 4 investigational medicinal products within 12 months prior to the first dose.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Subjects receiving GSK2982772 60 mg<br>Enrolled subjects will receive GSK2982772 60 mg thrice daily (approximately 8 hours apart) for 84 days. | Drug: GSK2982772 60 mg<br>* GSK2982772 is available as a 30 mg white to almost white, round film coated tablet which will be administered as two tablets thrice daily as directed.<br>|
| Experimental: Subjects receiving Placebo<br>Enrolled subjects will receive placebo thrice daily (approximately 8 hours apart) for 84 days. | Drug: Placebo<br>* Placebo is available as a white to almost white, round film coated tablet which will be administered as two tablets thrice daily as directed.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events (nSAEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability | An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Any untoward event resulting in death, life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, congenital anomaly or birth defect or any other situation according to medical or scientific judgment was categorized as SAE. Number of participants with any nSAE or SAE are presented. | Up to Day 112 | 
| Number of Participants With Worst Case Clinical Chemistry Parameters of Potential Clinical Importance (PCI) | Clinical chemistry parameters included alanine amino transferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase (AST), calcium, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium and total bilirubin. PCI ranges were ALT(high): >=2*Upper limit of Normal(ULN) units per liter(U/L), albumin(low): 30 millimoles per liter(mmol/L), alkaline phosphatase(high): >=2*ULN U/L, AST(high): >=2*ULN U/L, calcium: <2(low) or >2.75 mmol/L(high), creatinine (high): increase from Baseline >44.25 mmol/L, glucose: <3(low) or >9 mmol/L(high), potassium: <3(low) or >5.5 mmol/L(high), sodium: <130(low) or >150 mmol/L(high) and total bilirubin(high): >=1.5*ULN micromoles per liter(µmol/L). Participants were counted in the worst case category if their value changes (to low or to high), unless there is no change in their category. Only those clinical chemistry parameters with PCI values (to low and to high) have been presented. | Up to Day 112 | 
| Number of Participants With Worst Case Hematology Parameters of PCI | Hematology parameters included hematocrit, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, platelet counts, total neutrophils and white blood cells (WBCs). PCI ranges were < 0.075 (decrease from baseline) or >0.54 proportion of red blood cells in blood (high) for hematocrit, <25 (low) or >180 grams per liter (g/L) (high) for hemoglobin, <0.8 x10^9 cells per liter (cells/L) for lymphocytes (low), <100 (low) or >550 x10^9 cells/L(high) for platelets, <1.5 x10^9 cells/L (low) for total neutrophils and < 3 (low) or >20 x10^9 cells/L (high) for WBCs. Participants were counted in the worst case category that their value changes (to low or to high), unless there is no change in their category. Only those hematology parameters with PCI values (to low and to high) have been presented. | Up to Day 112 | 
| Number of Participants With Worst Case Any Increase in Urinalysis Results Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline by Dipstick Method | Urine samples were collected to assess glucose, ketones, occult blood and protein by dipstick method. The dipstick test gave results in a semi-quantitative manner, and results for urinalysis parameters glucose, ketones, occult blood and protein were categorized as 'any increase from Baseline', which imply any increase in their concentrations in the urine sample. Only participants with worst case any increase from Baseline values are presented. | Up to Day 112 | 
| Number of Participants With Worst Case Any Increase in Urinalysis Results Post-Baseline Relative to Baseline by Microscopy Method | Urine samples were collected to assess glucose, ketones, occult blood and protein by dipstick method. Microscopy was performed only on urine samples showing an abnormality on the dipstick. Microscopy was performed for hyaline casts, red blood cells and white blood cells. Results for microscopy parameters hyaline casts, red blood cells and white blood cells were categorized as 'any increase from Baseline', which imply any increase in their count in the urine sample. Only participants with worst case any increase from Baseline values are presented. | Up to Day 112 | 
| Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Heart Rate at Indicated Time Points | 12- lead ECG was measured on each day using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the heart rate and measured PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QT interval corrected for heart rate according to either Bazett's formula (QTcB) and QT interval corrected for heart rate according to Fridericia's formula (QTcF). ECG was measured in semi-supine or supine position after 5 minutes rest. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 8, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in ECG PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcB and QTcF at Indicated Time Points | 12- lead ECG was measured on each day using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the heart rate and measured PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval QTcB and QTcF. ECG was measured in semi-supine or supine position after 5 minutes rest. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 8, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Indicated Time Points | SBP and DBP were measured in a supine or semi-supine position after approximately 5 minutes rest. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 8, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Indicated Time Points | Respiratory rate was measured in a supine or semi-supine position after approximately 5 minutes rest. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 8, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Body Temperature at Indicated Time Points | Body temperature was measured in a supine or semi-supine position after approximately 5 minutes rest. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 8, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Vital Sign-heart Rate at Indicated Time Points | Vital sign-heart rate was planned to be assessed as a measure of safety and tolerability. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 8, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71 and 85 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pre-dose Plasma Concentrations of GSK2982772 on Days 8 and 43 | Blood samples were collected on Day 8 and Day 43 for determining pre-dose plasma concentrations of GSK2982772. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using standard non-compartmental methods. | Pre-dose on Day 8 and Day 43 | 
| Post-dose Plasma Concentrations of GSK2982772 on Days 1, 8, and 43 at 1, 2, 4 and 6 Hours | Blood samples were collected on Day 1, Day 8 and Day 43 for determining post-dose plasma concentrations of GSK2982772. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using standard non-compartmental methods. | Days 1, 8 and 43: 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-dose | 
| Trough Plasma Concentration of GSK2982772 on Day 85 | Blood samples were collected to evaluate plasma concentration of GSK2982772. Pharmacokinetic parameters including trough plasma concentration was determined using standard non-compartmental methods. | Day 85 | 
| Pre-dose Plasma Concentrations of Methotrexate on Days 1, 8 and 43 | Blood samples were collected on Day 1, Day 8 and Day 43 for determining pre-dose plasma concentrations of methotrexate. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using standard non-compartmental methods. Only participants who received methotrexate during the study were included. | Pre-dose on Days 1, 8 and 43 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | CRP is an inflammatory biomarker present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of CRP. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Interleukin 6 (IL6) | IL6 is an inflammatory biomarker present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of IL6. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and MMP-13 | MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 are an inflammatory biomarkers present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) | TIMP-1 is an inflammatory biomarker present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of TIMP-1. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Monocyte Chemo Attractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) | MCP-1 is an inflammatory biomarker present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of MCP-1. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) | MIF is an inflammatory biomarker present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of MIF. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Percent Change From Baseline in Myeloid-related Protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) | MRP8/14 is an inflammatory biomarker present in blood. Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for the assessment of MRP8/14. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Percent change from Baseline was calculated by 100*[(post-dose value minus Baseline value)/ Baseline value]. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Bone Erosion Total Score by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Image Scoring System (OMERACT-RAMRIS) Scoring System | A total of 25 locations in the hand and wrist were evaluated for RAMRIS bone erosions. Individual location scores range from 0 (no erosions) to 10 (91 to 100 percent of bone eroded) based on the proportion of eroded bone compared to the assessed bone volume on all available images. The final bone erosion score was the sum of the individual location scores. The total score from the 25 locations ranges from 0 to 250, with 0 implying no bone erosion and 250 implying 91 to 100 percent bone eroded. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Bone Erosions by the Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Quantitative (RAMRIQ) Scoring System | RAMRIQ bone erosions (normalized) was a quantitative measurement from the bones and synovial capsules of the joints from the most affected (or dominant hand if equally affected). It was calculated as the sum of the individual measurements of the volume of bone erosions divided by sum of the individual measurements of the bone volume. The total score ranged from 0 to 1, with 0 implying no erosive damage. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Bone Erosions by Modified Cartilage Loss Scoring System (CARLOS) | Change from Baseline in bone erosions was planned to be assessed by modified CARLOS. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Synovitis by OMERACT-RAMRIS Scoring System | A total of 8 joints in the hand and wrist were evaluated for RAMRIS synovitis. Individual joint scores were assessed on a scale of 0 (no synovitis) to 3 (67 to 100 percent volume enhancement). The final synovitis score was the sum of the individual joint scores. The total score from 8 joints ranges from 0 to 24, with 0 implying normal (no synovitis) and 24 implying 67 to 100 percent volume enhancement. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Synovitis by RAMRIQ Scoring System | RAMRIQ synovitis (normalised) was a quantitative measurement from the bones and synovial capsules of the joints from the most affected (or dominant hand if equally affected). It was calculated as the sum of the individual measurements of the volume of enhancing pannus (VEP) divided by sum of the individual measurements of the joint volume. The total score ranged from 0 to 1, with 0 implying no synovitis. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Synovitis by Modified CARLOS | Change from Baseline in synovitis was planned to be assessed by modified CARLOS. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Bone Edema by OMERACT-RAMRIS Scoring System | A total of 25 locations in the hand and wrist were evaluated for RAMRIS bone edema or osteitis. Individual location scores range from 0 (no edema) to 3 (67 to 100 percent involvement of original articular bone) based on the proportion of estimated originally non-eroded bone involved. The final bone edema or osteitis score is the sum of the individual location scores. The total score from the 25 locations ranges from 0 to 75, with 0 implying no bone edema or osteitis and 75 implying 67 to 100 percent involvement of original articular bone. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Bone Edema by RAMRIQ Scoring System | RAMRIQ bone edema (normalised) was a quantitative measurement from the bones and synovial capsules of the joints from the most affected (or dominant hand if equally affected). It was calculated as the sum of the individual measurements of the Volume of bone edema divided by sum of the individual measurements of the bone volume. The total score ranged from 0 to 1, with 0 implying no bone marrow lesions. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Bone Edema by Modified CARLOS | Change from Baseline in bone edema was planned to be assessed by modified CARLOS. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Joint Space Narrowing by OMERACT-RAMRIS Scoring System | Change from Baseline in joint space narrowing was planned to be assessed by OMERACT-RAMRIS scoring system. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Joint Space Narrowing by RAMRIQ Scoring System | RAMRIQ joint space narrowing was a quantitative measurement from the bones and synovial capsules of the joints from the most affected (or dominant hand if equally affected). It was calculated as the sum of the individual measurements (in millimeter) for the joints measured. The minimum possible total score is 0 implying complete loss of the joint space. The maximum possible total score will be largest possible joint space. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Joint Space Narrowing by Modified CARLOS | A total of 20 locations in the hand and wrist were evaluated for CARLOS joint space narrowing/cartilage loss. Individual location scores range from 0 (no cartilage loss or Joint Space Narrowing) to 4 (complete ankylosis) in increments of 0.5 based on the amount of narrowing present in a given joint. The final cartilage loss score was the sum of the individual location scores. The total score from 20 location ranged from 0 to 80, with 0 implying no cartilage loss at any location and 80 implying complete ankylosis. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Exchange Rate (Ktrans) | Contrast agent volume transfer constant (Ktrans) relates to the exchange of contrast agent between the blood plasma and the tissue extravascular extracellular spaces and reflects blood flow and capillary permeability. Ktrans was measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) tracer kinetic modeling in the most affected hand/wrist at indicated time points. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Interstitial Volume (Ve) | Interstitial volume (Ve) is the fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular (EC) space per unit volume tissue within which contrast agent can accumulate. Ve was measured by DCE-MRI in most affected hand/wrist at indicated time points. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Fractional Volume of Blood Plasma (Vp) | Fractional volume of blood plasma (Vp) is the fractional volume of blood plasma per unit volume of tissue. Vp was measured by DCE-MRI in most affected hand/wrist at indicated time points. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Initial Rate of Enhancement (IRE) | Initial Rate of Enhancement (IRE) is a measure of how quickly tissue enhances over 60 seconds following administration of contrast agent. IRE was measured by DCE-MRI in most affected hand/wrist at indicated time points. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Maximal Signal Intensity Enhancement (ME) | Maximum enhancement (ME) is a measure of the maximum concentration of contrast agent in the tissue over the duration of the DCE-MRI time series. ME was measured by DCE-MRI in most affected hand/wrist at indicated time points. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose), Days 43 and 85 | 
| Change From Baseline in Disease Activity Score 28-C-Reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP) Scores | The DAS28-CRP is a composite measure of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis calculated from the sum of tender joint count 28 (TJC28), swollen joint count (SJC28), CRP and patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA). The formula used to calculate DAS28 score was 0.56 multiplied by square root of TJC28 plus 0.28 multiplied by square root of SJC28 plus 0.36 log of (CRP plus 1) plus 0.014 multiplied by PtGA plus 0.96. Scores of DAS28-CRP ranged from 0.96 to 9.4 with higher scores indicating greater disease burden. A DAS28-CRP score of <=2.6 suggested remission, <3.2 suggested a low level of disease activity, while a score of >5.1 suggested a high level of disease activity. Baseline was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment (Day 1 pre-dose). Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting post-dose value from Baseline value. | Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose) and Day 85 | 
| Number of Participants Achieving Categorical DAS28-CRP Response Using European League Against Rheumatism [EULAR] Response | DAS28-CRP scores were categorized using EULAR response criteria. Response at a given time point was defined based on the combination of current DAS28 score and the improvement in the current DAS28 score relative to Baseline. The definition of no response, moderate response and good response was as; if current DAS28 <=3.2 and DAS28 decrease from Baseline (>1.2: good response), (>0.6 to <=1.2: moderate response) and (<=0.6: no response); if current DAS28 >3.2 to <=5.1 and DAS28 decrease from Baseline value (>1.2: moderate response), (>0.6 to <=1.2: moderate response) and (<=0.6: no response) and if current DAS28 >5.1 and DAS28 decrease from Baseline value (>1.2: moderate response), (>0.6 to <=1.2: no response) and (<=0.6: no response). If the post-Baseline DAS28-CRP score was missing, then the corresponding EULAR category was set to missing. | Day 85 | 
| Number of Participants Achieving Categorical American College of rheumatology20/50/70 (ACR20/50/70) Response | The ACR score was based on improvement from Baseline in tender joint counts and swollen joint counts. A participant had achieved ACR20 if he experienced >=20 percent improvement from Baseline in Tender Joint count 28 (TJC28) and Swollen Joint Count 28 (SJC28) and a >=20 percent improvement from Baseline in 3 out of 5 of the following assessments: participant pain assessment on a 100 millimeter (mm) visual analog scale (VAS), participant global assessment on a 100 mm VAS scale, physician global assessment on a 100 mm VAS scale, C-reactive protein and Health Assessment Questionnaire - Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Similarly, ACR50 and ACR70 are calculated using 50 or 70 percent improvement from baseline respectively. For all visits, if any of the component scores were missing; then those scores were considered as not having met the criteria for improvement. | Day 85 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, Rheumatoid Arthritis, autoimmune