Does Glaucoma Cause Loss of Brain Function?

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of the study is to determine if glaucoma is associated with neurodegenerative changes in areas of the brain other than the occipital lobe. This will help guide the direction of further research in the use of neuroprotective agents in preventing or controlling such changes. The final goal is to improve the quality of life for patients with glaucoma.

Detailed Description
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Death of retinal ganglion cells causes loss of neurons in areas other than just the visual cortex. These neurodegenerative changes decrease the patient's ability to perform the activities of daily living. Tensor-based morphometry analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans will reveal areas of cortical degeneration in glaucoma patients, and the extent of damage in these areas should correlate with patients ability to perform vision-dependent tasks, as measured by the Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (AARV). Patients with glaucoma who were outliers in two previous studies, Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (AARV) or Assessment of Disability related to vision (ADREV), in that they had poor performance-based measure scores despite having midrange visual field scores. Mini-Mental State Exam and T-1 weighted MRI brain scan and will be performed.

Official Title
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Neuroimaging Brain Changes in Glaucoma

Conditions
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Glaucoma

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with glaucoma who were participated in other studies Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (AARV) or Assessment of Disability Related to Vision (ADREV) and were found to be outliers in that they have poor performance-based measure scores (≤ 40) despite having midrange visual field scores (mean deviation of -6 to -20). Age-, gender- and race-matched controls who do not have glaucoma, and who do not have loss of vision for any reason other than cataract or refractive error. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with any type of neurological disease. Patients with a cognitive deficit which would affect visual functioning, as revealed by score of less than 25 in the mini mental status examination.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 21 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain were obtained from glaucoma patients to look at structures and volume. Age, gender, ethnic healthy matches for each glaucoma patient received MRIs of the brain for comparison.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Glaucoma Patients<br>Patients who were outliers from two previous studies: Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (AARV) or Assessment of Disability Related to Vision (ADREV) with mini mental status exam score of 25 or higher underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to look at structures and volume. | Diagnostic Test: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain<br>* High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained from each participant at one visit.<br>* Other names: Brain MRI;|
| Other: Control Patients<br>Age, gender and race matched (to each glaucoma patient) group of healthy individuals with no ocular diseases with mini mental status exam score of 25 or higher underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to look at structures and volume. | Diagnostic Test: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain<br>* High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained from each participant at one visit.<br>* Other names: Brain MRI;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Absolute Brain Volume (Size) | Absolute volume (size) of inferior occipital gyrus L (a location in the brain structure) is measured in cubic millimeters (mm3). | 2 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Relative Volumes | Relative volume is calculated by dividing the absolute volume of inferior occipital gyrus L (a location in the brain structure) by that individual's total brain volume. | 2 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Glaucoma, MRI Brain Scan, Voxel-Based Morphometry