Cost Utility Analyses of Adalimumab Treatment in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Evaluation of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is of a paramount importance in assessing the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on patients' health status, however when costs associated with rheumatoid arthritis are also taken into account, the information provided may lead to a more balanced view in analyzing the treatment of the disease. In accordance with the above, the main objective this study was to evaluate the impact of adalimumab treatment not only on patients' Health Related Quality of Life but also on the cost of the disease management. In order to accomplish this the study has been focused on: Estimating the direct and indirect cost incurred by adalimumab treatment. Measuring the Health Related Quality of Life of rheumatoid arthritis patients under adalimumab treatment. Exploring the cost-utility relationship of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with adalimumab by combining the Health Related Quality of Life of rheumatoid arthritis patients and direct as well as indirect costs due to RA. More specifically, data related to patients' Health Related Quality of Life and cost associated with rheumatoid arthritis will be recorded for one-year period, and collected at four subsequent visits: baseline, month 3, 6 and 12. The visit before starting treatment with adalimumab will be considered as baseline. This information was used to compare Health Related Quality of Life and cost data before and after adalimumab initiation and therefore identify the effect of adalimumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Detailed Description
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Data concerning patients' Health Related Quality of Life as well as the cost of the disease treatment were collected at four subsequent periods and specifically at baseline (Visit 1), and at months 3, 6 and 12. Moreover, at baseline patients' socioeconomic, and history of illness data as well as the use of other prescribed medication and costs due to rheumatoid arthritis have been recorded, in order to identify patients' health state before adalimumab treatment initiation. Patients discontinuing therapy (drop-outs) either due to adverse events or on their own initiative were categorized and analyzed separately, while reasons leading to discontinuation were recorded. Adverse events were not collected in this study with the exception of adverse events leading to withdrawal. In order to evaluate the cost-utility of adalimumab both the cost of the disease treatment and the Health Related Quality of Life of rheumatoid arthritis patients have been taken into account. The process is described below: Face-to-face interviews were conducted by the physicians/investigators in charge in all four subsequent periods as well as before adalimumab treatment initiation. A questionnaire, divided into the following sections, was administered: 1. Patients' Sociodemographic Characteristics 2. Measurement of Health Related Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients 3. Cost Assessment

Official Title
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Cost Utility Analyses of Adalimumab Treatment in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Conditions
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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients with moderate or severe active rheumatoid arthritis, who have been prescribed and are receiving adalimumab under normal clinical practice for at least one month and according to the approved Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) in the European Union. Patients must be willing to consent to data being collected and provided to Abbott Laboratories. Exclusion Criteria: Contraindications according to the SmPC Patients should not participate in other observational Abbott study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis<br>Eligible rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with adalimumab according to the approved Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) in European Union | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Estimation of the Direct and Indirect Cost Incurred by Adalimumab Treatment | Direct and indirect per-participant costs were estimated at Baseline (enrollment visit) for the 3-month period prior to initiation of adalimumab treatment, and at 3, 6 and 12 months following initiation of treatment. Direct costs included pharmaceutical costs, diagnostic and monitoring test costs, hospitalization costs, rheumatologist's costs, social insurance rheumatologist's costs, other specialists costs, physiotherapy costs, rehabilitation cost, home care cost, equipment cost and transportation cost. Indirect costs refer to loss of income due to rheumatoid arthritis disability. | Enrollment visit (Baseline), month 3, month 6, month 12 | 
| Health Related Quality of Life (European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions) | European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) is a generic health related quality of life instrument which assesses 5 health dimensions on a scale of 1 (no problems) to 5 (worst health). An overall score is derived ranging from -.59 to +1; a higher score indicates better health. | Enrollment visit (Baseline), month 3, month 6, month 12 | 
| Health Related Quality of Life (Health Assessment Questionnaire) | Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is designed to assess patients' abilities to perform activities of daily living. Scores range between 0 and 3, where higher values represent worse outcomes. | Enrollment visit (Baseline), month 3, month 6, month 12 | 
| Health Related Quality of Life (Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36) | Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (MOS SF-36) is a generic health related quality of life assessment that consists of 36 questions within 8 domains. Results from each domain are summarized and transformed into a scale ranging from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). | Enrollment visit (Baseline), month 3, month 6, month 12 | 
| Cost-Utility Relationship of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Adalimumab Using Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Approach (ICER) | The ICER calculation is based on comparison of differences in costs and utilities (based on Quality of Life Adjusted years [QALYs]) between Baseline and the 12 month visit. The ICER represents the extra costs that have to be incurred for one extra unit of perfect health to be produced. A treatment is determined to be cost-effective if the ICER is below a certain threshold (National Health Systems of European Union have suggested a threshold of 50,000 euros). | 12 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Rheumatoid Arthritis, Adalimumab treatment, Evaluation of the patients' Health Related Quality of Life, Cost of the disease management