Validity of an App to Detect Frailty and Sarcopenia Syndromes in Elderly

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Frailty and sarcopenia are two age-related syndromes which can result in adverse health-related events. The combination of both is more predictive of mortality than either condition alone. These conditions can be reversed through an early detection and appropriate interventions. Nevertheless, scientific community highlights the lack of cheap, portable, rapid and easy-to-use tools for detecting frailty and sarcopenia in combination. The aim of this study is to validate an iPhone App to detect frailty and sarcopenia syndromes in community dwelling older adults. This is a protocol study of a retrospective diagnostic test accuracy study which will include at least 400 participants older than 60 years recruited from elderly social centers of Murcia city. Researchers will recollect data of health status, dependency, cognitive status, and functional capacity of the participants. The index test will consist in the measurement of muscle power exerted during a single Sit-to-stand through an App (iPhone), combined with calf and mid-upper arm circumference. The reference standard will be frailty syndrome and sarcopenia assessed according to Fried's phenotype and to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) (2019) recommendations, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive values, and area under the curve will be reported.

Official Title
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Validity of an iPhone App to Detect Frailty and Sarcopenia Syndromes in Community Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Conditions
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Sarcopenia, Frailty Syndrome, Aging, Aged, Diagnosis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Community-dwelling older adults living in the Region of Murcia Exclusion Criteria: Barthel Index < 90 pts. Mini-Cog test < 3 pts. Severe cardiovascular problems Pacemaker Automatic defibrillator

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscular power | Muscular power generated by participants will be measured using an App (Sit-to-stand App version 1.1) installed on an iPhone (Apple Inc., USA). During the execution, subjects will sit on a rigid chair with their arms crossed over their chest with the hip, knee and ankle joints at approximately 90 degrees. Subjects will be asked to stand-up as fast as possible. Participants will complete three STS repetitions. No footwear will be allowed during the test. | Cross-sectional baseline | 
| Frailty Syndrome | Frailty Syndrome will be assessed according to Fried's Phenotype, which focuses on: Handgrip strength Usual gait speed Weight loss Exhaustion Physical activity levels Subjects who will result positive to three out of five criteria will be considered as frail, whereas if they will result positive to only one or two of them they will be considered as pre-frail. The absence of each criteria will be necessary to define a subject as robust. | Cross-sectional baseline | 
| Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia will be assessed according to the recommendation provided by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) (2019). This guideline focuses on the assessment of: Leg muscle strength Muscle mass quantity Physical performance The presence of low muscle strength levels will be considered as probable sarcopenia; the presence of low muscle mass and strength levels will be considered as confirmed sarcopenia; finally, the presence of the three criteria will be considered as severe sarcopenia. | Cross-sectional baseline | 
| Calf and mid-upper arm circumference | Researchers will measure subjects' calf and mid-upper arm circumference using a tape measure. | Cross-sectional baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Subjects' clinical status | Subjects' clinical status will be assessed through a list of questions regarding: socioeconomic level educational level chronic pathologies smoking habits polypharmacy depression number of falls hospitalization self-perceived health status | Cross-sectional baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Functional Capacity, Sit-to-Stand Test, Muscle Power, Chair rise