Long-term Outcome Related Prognostic Factor and Biomarkers of Major Trauma Database Analysis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The investigators were looking for resuscitation management, trauma mechanism, risk factors, and de novo biomarkers related to prognosis and long-term outcome for evaluating trauma patients besides injury severity score (ISS) guiding the traumatologist. The medicare resource could be utilized efficiently along with increasing in the survival and quality of lifer (QoL) in major trauma.

Detailed Description
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Severe traumatic injury occupied the sixth leading cause of death in Taiwan, especially in young adults. In 2013, there were accidental deaths in every 76 minutes. Not compared with the malignancy, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or pneumonia Since 1995, Taiwan replaced a previous patchwork of separate social health insurance funds with one single-payer, National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme that is administered by an agency of the central government's Department of Health. NHI supported the cost of Critical Illness and Injury that numerous patients with major trauma were eligible for preference. However, the national medical cost of trauma care, especially in poly-trauma or major trauma were impressive: the adjusted national inpatient trauma yearly costs were estimated at $37,511,328,659 US dollars; the national insurance cost provided by Bureau of National Health Insurance, Department of Health for trauma was over $20,000,000,000 new Taiwan dollars till 1999 with increasing yearly. Recently it flashed bulletins nationwide and overseas for catastrophes, such as aircraft accident, wrecks, or underground gas explosions. There was a stirring of interest in life support system for major trauma related rescue from dying. Death to trauma is caused by costly damages on scene, hemorrhage shock or trauma and massive transfusion related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) can rescue life from severe cardiopulmonary failure, but coexisting complication as bleeding and coagulopathy restricting the utilization the use in trauma patients. Besides, there were more portable ECMO sets making a debut, especially for air transportation. It act now the medical transferral for trauma patients under ECMO support. The portable ECMO sets launched with possibility, accessibility, and convenience. The issue of life support system utilization, long-term outcome, and medical cost-effectiveness for major trauma patients was worth discussing no matter in National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) trauma database or National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Immune system alteration was previously considered the mechanism of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Moreover, an externally experienced traumatic event induces downstream alterations in immune function by reducing methylation.

Official Title
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Long-term Outcome Related Prognostic Factor and Biomarkers of Major Trauma Database Analysis

Conditions
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Wounds and Injuries

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: age ≧ 20 willing to join this study and sign the inform consent form by the patients or their contactable families ISS score ≧ 16, or meet trauma blue or trauma red criteria response to primary resuscitation without uncontrolled or major (>1500mL) bleeding. Exclusion criteria: active malignancy before the event of major trauma age <20, pregnancy woman, breast-feeding woman, or mental illness uncontrolled bleeding with hemoglobin <7g/dL after treatment.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event related survival | since major trauma event till trauma related death | 30 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional status | Besides Rehabilitation Complexity Scale (RCS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for traumatic brain injury patients, Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOS-E) and European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D) are used in concerning longer-term outcome indicators. There are currently no robust measures of patient experience for use in major trauma. Functional status after the major trauma event could be measured using non-clinical outcomes such as return to work, maintenance of education and societal dependency at post injury 3, 6, and 12 months. | 12 months | 
| over all survival | since major trauma event till death | 2 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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trauma blue, major trauma, cohort study, prognostic factor, Healing Time, Post Operative