Smoking Reduction and Cessation Interventions for Chinese

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study aims at developing and testing a stage-based scheduled smoking intervention that targets to encourage smokers to reduce smoking and to facilitate smoking abstinence. We hypothesize that smokers who receive the staged-based scheduled smoking intervention will be more likely to report smoking abstinence, quit attempts, and smoking reduction at 12 months.

Detailed Description
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The objective of the study is to document and systematically investigate the use of smoking reduction and cessation strategies targeting Chinese American smokers at various level of readiness to quit smoking. Using a randomized controlled study design, the experimental intervention will be compared to a control group that will receive the expert system intervention only at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up. The primary aim is to test the following hypotheses: Participants receiving the experimental intervention will be more likely to achieve at least a 50% reduction from baseline at 3-month (end of treatment), 6- and 12-month follow-up than participants in the control condition. Participants receiving the experimental intervention will be more likely to report a 24- hour quit attempt at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up. Participants receiving the experimental intervention will be report a longer length of abstinence in their quit attempts at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up. The experimental condition will yield a higher rate of smoking abstinence at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up. The secondary aim is to examine the feasibility of the proposed intervention which will be assessed by recruitment efficiency, refusal rates, adherence, usage, safety data, and perceived helpfulness of the intervention components. In addition, analyses will be pursued to explore both short- and long-term maintenance of smoking reduction achieved, the association between smoking reduction and changes in self-efficacy of resisting from smoking, stage movements (changes in readiness for quitting), and the use of coping strategies for smoking at follow-ups. The study will provide important empirical data for developing effective smoking cessation strategies that are culturally and linguistically appropriate for the Chinese American population.

Official Title
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A Stage-Based Scheduled Smoking Intervention for Chinese

Conditions
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Smoking Cessation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Expert System Only
* Behavioral: Enhanced Expert System


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Self-identified ethnic Chinese men and women 18 years or older report smoking cigarettes daily with at least 5 cigarettes per day in the last 7 days reside in California be able to read written English or Chinese Exclusion Criteria: Currently engaging in assisted smoking cessation efforts Have health conditions that have contraindications of using nicotine replacement treatment (NRT) such as pregnancy, within 6 months post MI, severe or unstable angina

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: 1<br>Expert system only, which includes a stage-matched manual, and a series of 3 individualized tailored feedback reports at baseline, 1, and 3 months. | Behavioral: Expert System Only<br>* Expert system which includes a stage-matched manual, and a series of 3 individualized tailored feedback reports at baseline, 1, and 3 months<br>|
| Experimental: 2<br>The intervention consists of 3 components: Expert system which includes a stage-matched manual, and a series of 3 individualized tailored feedback reports at baseline, 1, and 3 months scheduled smoking intervention, which includes a tailored-made 3-week smoking reduction schedule and a stage-matched tip guide to explain why and how to use the smoking reduction intervention telephone check-in calls to provide brief counseling and technical support to motivate participants to use the intervention materials a 2-week supply of nicotine gum or lozenge per participants' choice to use during smoking reduction | Behavioral: Enhanced Expert System<br>* The intervention consists of 3 components: Expert system which includes a stage-matched manual, and a series of 3 individualized tailored feedback reports at baseline, 1, and 3 months scheduled smoking intervention, which includes a tailored-made 3-week smoking reduction schedule and a stage-matched tip guide to explain why and how to use the smoking reduction intervention telephone check-in calls to provide brief counseling and technical support to motivate participants to use the intervention materials a 2-week supply of nicotine gum or lozenge per participants' choice to use during smoking reduction<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| self-report 7-day smoking abstinence |  | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| self-report a 24-hour quit attempt |  | 12 months | 
| 50% or more reduction in smoking from baseline |  | 12 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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smoking cessation, Asian American, Chinese American, smoking reduction, stage-based intervention, expert system, nicotine replacement, counseling