Enhanced Care Planning for Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) have a range of needs that extend beyond traditional medical care, including behavioral, mental health, and social needs. While primary care does its best to address these needs, few practices can undertake a systematic approach without broader health system and coordinated community support. Fortunately, communities and health systems are investing in new models of care to address these needs. New tools are emerging that allow for enhanced care planning to identify and prioritize patients' needs based on their values, preferences, social, and clinical context. Additionally, support systems to promote partnerships between patients and clinical and community care teams are emerging. Building on work occurring as part of the Richmond Accountable Health Community, the investigators propose to (a) evaluate the implementation of an enhanced care planning approach, paired with community-clinical linkages support to address health behavior, mental health, and social needs; (b) determine within a randomized controlled trial the benefit of this approach compared to usual care; and (c) assess which person, family, community, and system contextual factors that influence MCC.

Detailed Description
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The number of patients in the United States with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) is growing. Many patients with poorly controlled MCC also have unhealthy behaviors, mental health challenges, and unmet social needs. Medical management of MCC may have limited benefit if patients are struggling to address these basic life needs. Health systems and communities increasingly recognize the need to address these issues and are experimenting with and investing in new models for connecting patients with needed services. Yet primary care clinicians, whose regular contact with patients makes them more familiar with patients' needs, are often not included in these systems. Responding to the Special Emphasis Notice NOT-HS-16-013, Optimizing Care for People Living with MCC through the Development of Enhanced Care Planning, the investigators propose a clinician-level randomized controlled trial to study how primary care clinicians can participate in these community and hospital solutions and whether doing so is effective in controlling MCC. This study will build on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)-funded Accountable Health Community (AHC) in Richmond, Virginia. Sixty clinicians in the Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network (ACORN) will be matched by age and sex and randomized to usual care (control condition) or enhanced care planning with clinical-community linkage support (intervention). From the electronic health record (EHR), clinicians will identify all patients with MCC, including cardiovascular disease or risks, diabetes, obesity, or depression. A baseline assessment will be mailed to 50 randomly selected patients; 10 respondents per clinician (600 patients total) with uncontrolled MCC will be randomly selected, with over-sampling of minorities. The intervention includes two components. First, an enhanced care planning tool called My Own Health Report (MOHR) will screen patients for health behavior, mental health, and social needs. Clinical navigator support will help patients prioritize needs, create care plans based on preferences, and write a personal narrative to guide the care team. Patients will update care plans quarterly. Second, community-clinical linkage support will include community resource registries, personnel to span settings (clinical navigators, community health workers), and care team coordination tools (sharing MOHR content, secure messaging, and virtual visits). The investigators will compare patient-level intervention and control outcomes to assess improvements in MCC outcomes (primary outcome) and self-reported PROMIS-29 measures (physical health, mental health, social wellbeing) six months and two years post-enrollment. the investigators will also conduct a mixed-methods, multilevel assessment of person-, family-, community-, and system-level contextual influences on implementation and effectiveness. Data sources will include EHR and MOHR data, chart reviews, patient surveys, field notes, and semi-structured interviews of patients, clinicians, and community stakeholders. If effective, this study will help inform efforts by primary care clinicians to participate in the growing number of AHC-like systems as a strategy to better control MCC.

Official Title
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Enhanced Care Planning and Clinical-Community Linkages to Comprehensively Address the Basic Needs of Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions

Conditions
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Health Behavior, Multiple Chronic Conditions, Mental Health, Social Determinants of Health

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Enhanced care planning


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Two or more chronic conditions At least one uncontrolled condition Completes baseline survey Exclusion Criteria: Participating in Richmond Accountable Health Community study Clinician excludes patients

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Screening
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: This study is a clinician level randomized controlled trial. Sixty clinicians will be randomized to intervention (enhanced care planning for health behaviors, mental health, and social needs) or control condition (usual care). The investigators will randomly survey all patients with MCC from each clinicians' patient panel. Patients with at least one uncontrolled MCC will be randomly selected for inclusion until 10 patients are recruited from each clinician. The investigators will use hybrid implementation-effectiveness design to measure outcomes. Implementation outcomes include enhanced care plan completion; the prevalence of health behavior, mental health, and social needs; goals patients prioritize and how they want to address them; and the type, intensity, and follow-up of care team support provided to address patient goals. Effectiveness outcomes include the number of uncontrolled chronic conditions and patient reported physical, mental, and social health..
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Enhanced care planning<br>The intervention consists of two components - enhanced care planning and clinical-community linkages. The enhanced care plan is created using MOHR (https://myownhealthreport.org). MOHR screens patients for unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social needs. Patients identify the needs they would like to address and create a care plan, which they update quarterly. A clinical navigator and community health worker (CHW) help patients address their care plans using clinical-community linkages, which has four components. First, clinicians and clinical navigators have a resource registry identifying community programs and support - No Wrong Door (NWD) and https://navigator.aafp.org/. Second, MOHR shares information (care plans, patient narrative, and patient progress) across clinical and community team members. Third, MOHR supports messaging and video visits for team members and patients. Finally, MOHR sends care team members quarterly patient progress updates. | Behavioral: Enhanced care planning<br>* The intervention includes (1) screening for unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social needs, (2) creation of a care plan, (3) quarterly updates to the plan, (4) a clinical navigator and community health worker to support accomplishing the care plan, (5) registry of community resources and programs, and (6) messaging and video-visit system for team members.<br>|
| No Intervention: Usual medical care<br>Clinicians randomized to the control condition will continue to provide usual care. This includes current non-systematic assessment of health behaviors, mental health needs, and social needs. Neither clinicians nor patients will be eligible to receive CHW support or have access to NWD. Clinicians may refer some control patients to community programs as part of their current usual care. Control clinicians will be blinded as to which patients are included in the study. At the end of the study, the investigators will share with control clinicians our lessons learned, access to MOHR, and lists of useful community resources. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Enhanced care plan creation (implementation outcome) | This outcome reports the percent of intervention patients who complete the creation of an enhanced care plan (numerator = intervention patients who create an enhanced care plan / denominator = all enrolled intervention patients). | Within 6 months of enrollment | 
| Health behavior, mental health, and social needs | This outcome will measure the number of health behavior, mental health, and social needs that patients have who complete an enhanced care plan. This is a frequency count of each specific need based on the health risk assessment output. | Within 6 months of enrollment | 
| Referral to and connection to community resources (implementation outcome) | This outcome will measure which community resources intervention patients are referred to for assistance with addressing health behaviors, mental health, and social needs. This is a frequency count of the number of intervention patients referred to each potential community resource. | Over 2 years after enrollment | 
| Effectiveness - chronic condition control | Percent of patients with an uncontrolled chronic condition for intervention patients versus usual care | 6 months after creating a care plan | 
| Maintenance - chronic condition control | Percent of patients with an uncontrolled chronic condition for intervention patients versus usual care | 2 years after creating a care plan | 
| Effectiveness - quality of life: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) | Pre-post change in eight Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) domains for intervention patients versus usual care. Norm-based scores will be calculated for each domain on the PROMIS measures, so that a score of 50 represents the mean or average of the reference population. A score of 60 means that the person is one standard deviation above the reference population. Higher scores means that the patient is reporting greater symptoms. Scores will be calculated using the Healthmeasures Scoring Service (http://www.healthmeasures.net/score-and-interpret/calculate-scores). | 6 months after creating a care plan | 
| Maintenance - quality of life: eight PROMIS-29 domains | Pre-post change in eight PROMIS-29 domains for intervention patients versus usual care | 2 years after creating a care plan |