A Pilot Trial of a Smartphone-based Self-management Support Program for COPD Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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COPD patients often experience multiple symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, cough, and deteriorating quality of life) and have imposed a substantial economic and social burden on health care. The current proposal is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot trial of a smartphone-based instant messaging self-management support program to improve the quality of life in patients with COPD.

Detailed Description
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the number 3 killer globally by 2020. COPD patients often experience multiple symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, cough, and deteriorating quality of life) and have imposed a substantial economic and social burden on health care. Current policy for the prevention and management of long-term conditions focuses on efforts to prevent the onset or slow progression of disease early in the disease trajectory. This prevention paradigm has only recently been adopted for COPD. Systematic reviews have shown self-management support for patients with COPD is effective in improving health-related quality of life and in reducing hospital admissions, but the evidence comes largely from patients with moderate or severe disease and is predominantly recruited from secondary care. Simple and systematic strategies are needed to improve out-of-hospital support and management for people living with COPD. An instant messaging smartphone app, which allows texts, audio, pictures and video messages to be shared in chat groups, is already available to and is the most popular in the Hong Kong general public. Mobile instant messaging can be conducted through a daily use device to increase access and efficacy, which has been suggested as a feasible approach to delivering an intervention with positive effects on health behaviours and outcomes. Text messaging via mobile phones has been shown to be effective in helping promote lifestyle change in diabetes self-management, weight loss, physical activity, smoking cessation and medication adherence with quantitative and qualitative evidence. However, the investigator has not found messaging intervention that was applied in people with COPD, except an ongoing study of using instant text message support for patients with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Hence, the current intervention program is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone-based instant messaging self-management support program to improve the quality of life in patients with COPD.

Official Title
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A Pilot Trial of a Smartphone-based Self-management Support Program for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Conditions
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Self-management and Support


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria Aged 18 years and above Diagnosis with COPD General condition stable Able to speak and read Chinese Able to complete the self-administered questionnaire Able to use instant messages such as WhatsApp or WeChat Mental, cognitive and physically fit for joining the trial as determined by the clinician or responsible investigator Signed informed consent Exclusion criteria Skeletal fragility Serious active infection Inability to walk Severe respiratory insufficiency

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Self-management education and support
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intervention group<br>The intervention group will receive a smartphone-based self-management support programme, including a 30-min face-to-face or online session at baseline, 3 phone calls (week 2, week 4 and week 6) and 2-month mobile messages in addition to usual care. | Behavioral: Self-management and Support<br>* A smartphone-based self-management support programme includes a 30-min face-to-face or online session at baseline, 3 phone calls and 2-month mobile messages<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline COPD-related quality of life | COPD symptoms and impacts and activity level were measured by an 8-item COPD Assessment Test. Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores denoting a more severe impact of COPD on a patient's life. | Baseline, Week 8 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline patient activation | Knowledge, skills and confidence in self-management were measured by a 13-item Patient Activation Measure Scale. The total score ranges from 0 (no activation) to 100 (high activation), with higher scores denoting the better patient activation. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change from baseline self-efficacy for self-management | Confidence and perceived ability of self-care were measured by a 6-item Stanford self-efficacy scale. The score for each item ranges from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The total score of the scale is the mean of the six items, with higher number indicates higher self-efficacy. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change from baseline acceptance of illness | Acceptance of illness measured by a 8-item acceptance of illness scale. Each item ranges from 1 to 5. The total score of the scale is between 8 and 40, with low score showing a lack of adjustment to the disease, no acceptance of the condition, and mental discomfort, while high score indicating good disease acceptance. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change from baseline medication adherence | Medication adherence measured by a 4-item Morisky Medication-Taking Adherence Scale. The scale consists of four items with a scoring scheme of Yes = 0 and No = 1. All items are summed to give a range of scores from 0 to 4, with higher score indicating a low level of medication adherence. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change from baseline physical activity level | Physical activity measured by a 7-item International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Number of days and duration (in hours and minutes) engaging in vigorous activities, moderate activities, and walking in past 7 days will be collected. Duration (in hours and minutes) of sitting time on week days and weekends will be collected. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change from dyspnea severity | Dyspnea severity measured by a 1-item MRC dyspnea scale. The scale consists of five statements about perceived breathlessness: grade 1, I only get breathless with strenuous exercise; grade 2, I get short of breath when hurrying on the level or up a slight hill; grade 3, I walk slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace on the level; grade 4, I stop for breath after walking 100 yards or after a few minutes on the level; grade 5,  I am too breathless to leave the house. Patients selected the grade that applied to them. | Baseline, week 8 | 
| Change from baseline Health status | Health status measured by a 5-item EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaire. The scale comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension was scored by five levels, with 1 representing no problem and 5 representing extreme problem. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change from anxiety and depressive symptoms | Anxiety and depressive symptoms measured by a 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Each item ranges from 0-3. The total scores of both Anxiety and Depression subscales range from 0-21, with higher scores indicating higher level of anxiety and depression respectively. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change in baseline social support | Social support measured by a 6-item Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Each item ranges from 1 (very strongly disagree) to 7 (very strongly agree). The total score is the sum across all items divided by 6, with higher score indicating more social support. | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change in from baseline sleep quality | Sleep quality measured by a 7-item Insomnia Severity Index. The total score range from 0 (absence of insomnia) to 28 (severe insomnia). | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change in baseline grip strength | Grip strength of both hands measured by dynamometer | Baseline, Week 8 | 
| Change in baseline balance | Balance assessed by a single-leg stance test. | Baseline, Week 8 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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COPD, Self-management, Support, Smartphone-based