A Smartphone Application to Evaluate Energy Expenditure and Duration of Activities for Overweight and Obese People

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to validate functions for estimating energy expenditure in controlled and free-living conditions. This method was based on accelerometry data acquired from smartphones worn in a trouser pocket. The developed functions have been compared to the estimations provided by three research devices named Fitmate, Armband and Actiheart.

Detailed Description
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There is a growing interest in evaluating physical activity and energy expenditure (EE) to provide feedback to the user. The use of mass-market sensors such as accelerometers offers a promising solution for the general public due to the growing smartphone market over the last decade. Two previous studies allowed to propose a function named PredEE, which has been tested on normal-weighted volunteers. This EE estimation function has been tested and improved with data collected from 43 overweight volunteers equipped with smartphones and two or three research sensors (Fitmate, Armband and Actiheart in controlled conditions, and Armband and Actiheart in free-living conditions). Research sensors' data serves as reference during the evaluation and improvement of the proposed function. This EE estimation function using the smartphone technology is dedicated to light- and moderate-intensity activities, and the investigators believe it can be a new way to help people controlling their daily physical activity level.

Official Title
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A Smartphone Application to Evaluate Energy Expenditure and Duration of Activities in Free-living Conditions for Overweight and Obese People (eMouve3)

Conditions
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Obesity, Physical Activity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Controlled conditions
* Behavioral: Free-living conditions


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: men and women age: 18-60 years BMI between 28 and 42 kg/m² subject considered as healthy after clinical examination and medical questionnaire no pregnant women subject with normal rest electrocardiogram (validated by a cardiologist) certificate of non-indication against the practice of exercise stress testing delivered by a physician subject with normal blood pressure (<140/90 mm Hg) with or without medical treatment subject with no foot pad problem subject giving his/her written informed consent subject willing to comply with study procedures affiliated to National Health Insurance Exclusion Criteria: respiratory failure or cardiovascular problem non-indication against the practice of exercise stress testing known cardiac decompensation or myocardial infarction surgery made less than 6 months before the study beginning pregnant women and nursing mother current infectious pathology abnormal electrocardiogram not affiliated to national health insurance people under legal guardianship refusal to sign informed consent refusal to be registered on the national volunteers data file currently participating or who having got 4500€ in this year before to have participated in another clinical trial

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Controlled conditions<br>Volunteers were asked to perform several activities such as walking at different paces, running, sitting, standing still or taking public transportation for about 1h30 They wore 3 research sensors that estimated energy expenditure: Fitmate, Armband and Actiheart. They also wore smartphones (in front pant pockets) that collected accelerometry data. | Behavioral: Controlled conditions<br>* The 13 volunteers in controlled conditions performed each of the nine activities several times according to the activity scenario: sitting, slow, normal and brisk walking, climbing and descending stairs (eight floors), standing, slow running and taking public transportation (tramway). The duration of each activity varied from 2 to 20 minutes.<br>|
| Experimental: Free-living conditions<br>Volunteers were asked to wear sensors during about 12 hours, one day. They wore 2 research sensors that estimated energy expenditure: Armband and Actiheart. They also wore smartphones (in front pant pockets) that collected accelerometry data. | Behavioral: Free-living conditions<br>* The spontaneous activities of 30 volunteers were recorded in the free-living conditions for a full day selected either during the week or the weekend.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Accelerometry | Measures acquired by smartphones including a tri-axial accelerometer | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy expenditure | Sensor: Fitmate | 1 day | 
| Energy expenditure | Sensor: Armband | 1 day | 
| Energy expenditure | Sensor: Actiheart | 1 day | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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obesity, energy expenditure, daily living physical activity, smartphone, accelerometry, prediction algorithm