Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin in the Prevention of Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) in Women Delivered Vaginally With at Least 2 Risk Factors for Atonic PPH: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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250 women will be randomly divided into 2 equal groups using computer generated random numbers. Group 1 will receive Carbetocin 100 µgm (Pabal® Ferring, UK) and group 2 will receive oxytocin 5IU (Syntocinon®, Novartis, Switzerland). Both drugs will be diluted in 10ml saline and will be given by the slowly intravenously after delivery of the anterior shoulder. The investigators will not include a control group for ethical reasons.

Detailed Description
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Obstetric haemorrhage remains one of the major causes of maternal death in both developed and developing countries (1). Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is defined as a blood loss >500 ml more of blood from the genital tract within 24 hours of the birth of a baby. PPH can be minor (500-1000 ml) or major (more than 1000 ml). The most frequent cause of PPH is uterine atony, contributing up to 80 % of the PPH cases. Risk factors of atonic PPH include multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, previous PPH, body mass index (BMI) >30, prolonged labour, fetal macrosomia>4kg and primipara> 40 years. Oxytocin is currently the uterotonic of first choice. It has proven to decrease the incidence of PPH by 40 % and has a rapid onset of action and a good safety profile. A disadvantage of oxytocin is its short half-life of 4-10 min, regularly requiring a continuous intravenous infusion or repeated intramuscular injections. Carbetocin is a long-acting oxytocin analogue indicated for the prevention of uterine atony after child birth by CS under epidural or spinal anaesthesia. Carbetocin has a rapid onset of action (within 1-2 min) and a prolonged duration of action (approximately 1 h) because of sustained uterine response with contractions of higher amplitude and frequency. Its safety profile is comparable to that of oxytocin. The study will be conducted in Cairo university hospitals and BeniSuef university hospitals. All patients with at least 2 risk factors for developing atonic PPH will be approached in the antenatal clinic or early in labour if appropriate. Risk factors include previous PPH, BMI>35, multiple pregnancy, prolonged labour >12 hours, fetal macrosomia>4kg and induction of labour. Women will be invited to participate in the study, the invitation will include a clear full explanation of the study. Only patients signing informed written consents will participate in the study. 250 women will be randomly divided into 2 equal groups using computer generated random numbers. Group 1 will receive Carbetocin 100 µgm (Pabal® Ferring, UK) and group 2 will receive oxytocin 5IU (Syntocinon®, Novartis, Switzerland). Both drugs will be diluted in 10ml saline and will be given by the slowly intravenously after delivery of the anterior shoulder. We will not include a control group for ethical reasons. The uterine tone and amount of bleeding will be noted and the need for further uterotonic agents will be determined 2 minutes after giving the drug. Blood loss will be estimated through weighing the swabs and using pictorial charts. Blood haemoglobin will be assessed 24 hours after delivery.

Official Title
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Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin in the Prevention of Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) in Women Delivered Vaginally With at Least 2 Risk Factors for Atonic PPH: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Delivery

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Carbetocin
* Drug: Oxytocin


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Women with at least 2 risk factors for developing PPH. Risk factors include previous PPH, BMI>35, multiple pregnancy, prolonged labour >12 hours, ultrasound estimated fetal weight>4kg and induction of labour. Exclusion Criteria: Gestational age <37 weeks Placenta previa Hypertension. Preeclampsia. Cardiac, renal or liver diseases Known hypersensitivity to Carbetocin.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Carbetocin<br>125 women will receive carbetocin after delivery of the anterior shoulder. The drug will be diluted in 10ml saline and will be given by the slowly intravenously after delivery of the anterior shoulder | Drug: Carbetocin<br>* Carbetocin will be given slowly iv after delivery of the anterior shoulder.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Oxytocin<br>125 women will receive carbetocin oxytocin after delivery of the anterior shoulder. The drug will be diluted in 10ml saline and will be given by the slowly intravenously after delivery of the anterior shoulder | Drug: Oxytocin<br>* Oxytocin will be given slowly iv after delivery of the anterior shoulder.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Need for other uterotonics | After giving the drug, the uterine tone will be felt and amount of bleeding will be estimated. | 2 minutes after giving the drug | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bleeding>500ml | The amount of bleeding will be estimated 2 minutes after giving the drug. | 2 minutes after giving the drug. |