Strengthening Effect on Hamstring's Passive Mechanical Properties

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different strengthening methods on hamstring muscle group's passive mechanical properties and to investigate this effect's relation with performance changes in healthy individuals. 42 healthy sedentary male participated in this study. Passive mechanical properties and strength of hamstring and quadriceps muscles, flexibility of hamstring muscles, anaerobic explosive strength, reaction time, agility were measured. Participants randomized evenly into one of three groups; eccentric, concentric and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). After 8 weeks training period, participants were measured again.

Official Title
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Effects Of Different Strengthening Methods On Hamstring Muscle Group's Passive Mechanical Properties in Healthy Individuals

Conditions
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Sports Physical Therapy

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Concentric Exercise
* Other: Nordic Eccentric exercise
* Other: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: being sedentary Exclusion Criteria: Having knee, hip and/or back pain Having a cardiovascular condition/disease History of previous knee and/or hip surgery Having a diagnose of any systemic disease History of previous hamstring injury Being physically active within last year ( Regular activity at least 3 days a week and continuity of at least 2 months was accepted as being physically active)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: randomization into three groups and measurement before and after intervention
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Concentric<br>Leg Curl Training | Other: Concentric Exercise<br>* Leg Curl Machine: 1st week - 1st day is 10 maximum repeat test. 2nd week - 2 days of training - 2 sets of 6 repeats. %60 percent of maximum load. 3rd week - 3 days of training - 3 sets of 6-8 repeats. %60-80 of maximum load. 4th-8th week - 3 days of training - 3 sets of 8-12 repeats. when 3 sets of 12 achieved, load was increased with 2.5kg.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Eccentric<br>Nordic Hamstring Training | Other: Nordic Eccentric exercise<br>* st week - 1 day - 2 sets of 5 repeats. nd week - 2 days - 2 sets of 6 repeats. rd week - 3 days - 3 sets of 6-8 repeats. th week - 3 days - 3 sets of 8-10 repeats. 5-8th weeks - 3 days - 3 sets of 12-8 repeats. When achieved 3 sets of 12 repeats with full range, speed was increased.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation<br>Stimulation Training | Other: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation<br>* 8 weeks, three times per week, 15 minutes of bilateral hamstring stimulation. 100 Hz. frequency, 600 microsecond duration rectangular current<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Passive Mechanical Properties | Tone, Elasticity and Stiffness evaluation. Evaluated with Myotonometer-3 | Change from baseline passive mechanical properties at 8 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Flexibility Measurement | Sit and reach test was used for hamstring flexibility | Change from baseline flexibility at 8 weeks | 
| Muscle Strength Measurement | Hamstring and Quadriceps strength were measured with LaFayette Manuel Muscle Tester | Change from baseline muscle strength at 8 weeks | 
| Agility Measurement | Illinois Agility Test was used for agility measurement | Change from baseline agility time at 8 weeks | 
| Anaerobic Explosive Power | Jump and Reach test was administered | Change from baseline anaerobic explosive power at 8 weeks | 
| Reaction Time | ruler drop test was used for reaction timing | Change from baseline reaction time at 8 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Muscle Tonus, Elasticity, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Physical Conditioning, Human