Dynamics of Muscle Mitochondria in Type 2 Diabetes (DYNAMMO T2D)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Insulin promotes the clearance of sugars from the blood into skeletal muscle and fat cells for use as energy; it also promotes storage of excess nutrients as fat. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the cells of the body become resistant to the effects of insulin, and this causes high blood sugar and contributes to a build-up of fat in muscle, pancreas, liver, and the heart. Understanding how insulin resistance occurs will pave the way for new therapies aimed at preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Mitochondria are cellular structures that are responsible for turning nutrients from food, into the energy that our cells run on. As a result, mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that can move within a cell to the areas where they are needed, and can fuse together to form large, string-like, tubular networks or divide into small spherical structures. The name of this process is mitochondrial dynamics and the process keeps the cells healthy. However, when more food is consumed compared to the amount of energy burned, mitochondria may become overloaded and dysfunctional resulting in a leak of partially metabolized nutrients that can interfere with the ability of insulin to communicate within the cell. This may be a way for the cells to prevent further uptake of nutrients until the current supply has been exhausted. However, long term overload of the mitochondria may cause blood sugar levels to rise and lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. This study will provide information about the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Detailed Description
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The traditional view of mitochondria as isolated, spherical, energy producing organelles is undergoing a revolutionary transformation. Emerging data show that mitochondria form a dynamic networked reticulum that is regulated by cycles of fission and fusion. The discovery of a number of proteins that regulate these activities has led to important advances in understanding human disease. Data show that activation of dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), a protein that controls mitochondrial fission, is reduced following exercise in prediabetes, and the decrease is linked to increased insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation. The proposed research will test the hypothesis that mitochondrial dynamics is a key mechanism of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Translational first-in-man studies will use an acute lipid challenge to investigate the physiological significance of altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics on insulin sensitivity in humans. The experimental approach harnesses innovative molecular and cellular tools, interfaced with physiologically significant human studies to obtain meaningful data on insulin resistance, and has the potential to generate insights that will lead to new diabetes therapies for future generations.

Official Title
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Dynamics of Muscle Mitochondria in Type 2 Diabetes (DYNAMMO-T2D)

Conditions
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Insulin Resistance

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Intralipid
* Drug: Saline


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy Sedentary Normal glucose tolerance BMI <25 kg/m2

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Intralipid Infusion, then Saline<br>Participants in this arm will first receive a lipid infusion. Then 4 weeks later the saline infusion. | Drug: Intralipid<br>* 0.55 ml/kg/h<br>* Other names: Liposyn;Drug: Saline<br>* 0.55 ml/kg/h for<br>|
| Sham Comparator: Saline Infusion, then Intralipid<br>Participants in this arm will first receive a saline infusion. Then 4 weeks later the lipid infusion. | Drug: Intralipid<br>* 0.55 ml/kg/h<br>* Other names: Liposyn;Drug: Saline<br>* 0.55 ml/kg/h for<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effects of lipid infusion on mitochondrial fission | Fission will be assessed from quantitative measures of dynamin-related protein-1. The unit of assessment is arbitrary units of blot intensity and is expressed as AU. | 5 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effects of lipid infusion on mitochondrial function | Function will be assessed from oxygen consumption. Unit of assessment is pmol/s/mg of muscle. | 5 years | 
| Insulin sensitivity | Insulin sensitivity will be assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Units of assessment are mg/kg/min. | 5 years | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Mitochondrial Dynamics, Insulin Resistance