Pilot Study: Interest of Belatacept as a Non-nephrotoxic Immunosuppressive Treatment in Cardiac Transplant Patients at Risk of Chronic Renal Failure (BELACOEUR)

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Heart transplantation (TC) is the standard treatment for terminal heart failure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication responsible for increased mortality and morbidity. The main risk factors for progression to CKD are advanced age, pre-transplantation CKD, degradation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the first year post-transplantation, and nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). Indeed, these molecules (cyclosporin and tacrolimus), the cornerstone of immunosuppressive treatment, have nephrotoxic effects in the short term (by a hemodynamic effect) and in the long term (by a pro-fibrosin effect). In renal transplantation (TR), belatacept, a costimulation-inhibiting molecule, used de novo, without CNI, with induction by anti-receptor antibody of Interleukines 2, preserves kidney function. Despite this great advantage, its development is still hampered by a higher number of rejections compared to the CNI group in this originator study. Based on the experience gained in TR, which has since validated its use, the hypothesis is that in heart transplantation, belatacept (Nulojix) combined with minimization of CNI (with induction by antilymphocyte serum), could significantly improve glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients at risk of CKD (by removing them from dialysis and possible kidney transplantation) without increasing the risk of rejection.

Official Title
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Pilot Study: Interest of Belatacept as a Non-nephrotoxic Immunosuppressive Treatment in Cardiac Transplant Patients at Risk of Chronic Renal Failure

Conditions
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Heart Transplant Failure

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Belatacept Injection


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Cardiac transplant patients for 3 months Over 18 years of age No Donor Specific Antibodies at inclusion (positive threshold average fluorescence intensity (MFI)> 2000) Having a GFR (DFG in french) is the single best indicator of overall renal function < 30ml/min calculated according to the formula CKD EPI or a decrease in GFR of more than 50% between the day of the heart transplant and 3 months, stable for 15 days. Induction treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum Virus d'Epstein-Barr positive serology Having signed the consent after receiving informed information Negative pregnancy test for patients of childbearing age, and agreement to use effective contraception throughout the study and 6 weeks after the end of the study Having no difficulty in understanding and communicating with the investigator and his representatives Beneficiaries of a Social Security scheme Exclusion Criteria: The criteria for non-inclusion are: 2nd heart transplant or other solid organ transplant History of rejections Cellular or humoral rejection at myocardial biopsy of 3 months post Transplantation Cardiac Current viral infection of type cytomegalovirus, Virus d'Epstein-Barr, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis V virus..... Human immunodeficiency virus positive serology Ongoing participation in another clinical study Any clinical condition that the investigator considers incompatible with the conduct of the study under acceptable safety conditions: (in particular, progressive infection, progressive cardiovascular complication, progressive neoplastic disease) Inability of the patient to comply with study procedures Pregnant or breastfeeding women Person under guardianship, curators or safeguard of justice

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: BELATACEPT<br> | Drug: Belatacept Injection<br>* 9 injections of belatacept at 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months 11 months and 12 months post graft<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clearance | Determination of plasma creatinine and calculation of clearance according to the formula CKD EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease - Epidemiology Collaboration) at 3 months and 12 months post heart transplantation | 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Myocardial biopsies | Myocardial biopsies between 3 months and 12 months post Cardiac Transplantation to check the risk of rejection | 12 months | 
| Anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody assay | To check the risk of rejection | 12 months | 
| Fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HBA1C) | Measurement of the New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation | 12 months | 
| Death | Evaluate the mortality specific to 12 months post cardiac transplantation (Estimate: percentage of patients who died at 12 months). | 12 months | 
| Number of dialysis sessions | Evaluate the use of renal replacement therapy between 3 months and 12 months after Cardiac Transplantation. | 12 months |