Effect of Pranayama on Periodontal Health

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and the presence of red complex microorganisms (RCM) such as Treponema denticola (T.d), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) and Tannerella forsythia (T.f) in the subgingival tissues of chronic periodontitis subjects before and after intervention with pranayama as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.

Detailed Description
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Sixty chronic periodontitis subjects were selected out of which 30 subjects (control group) were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and 30 subjects (pranayama group) also underwent SRP and pranayama for 3 months. Clinical parameters were recorded and the presence of PPAR-γ, NF-kB and RCM were assessed at baseline and after 3 months

Official Title
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Effect of Pranayama on Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma, Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Red Complex Microorganisms in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Conditions
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Chronic Periodontitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Pranayama
* Procedure: Scaling and root planing


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: presence of at least 20 teeth Probing pocket depth ≥ 5 mm Exclusion Criteria: aggressive periodontitis systemic disorders pregnant & lactating females smokers & alcoholics immunocompromised individuals

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: SRP & pranayama (lifestyle modification)<br>30 chronic periodontitis subjects treated with SRP & pranayama for 3 months | Behavioral: Pranayama<br>* Pranayama is the breathing exercise through the nostrils. It enhances the systemic immunity which in turn enhances the overall defense mechanism of an individual.<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Scaling and root planing<br>30 chronic periodontitis subjects treated with scaling and root planing only | Procedure: Scaling and root planing<br>* It is a mechanical debridement of dental plaque.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clinical efficacy of pranayama in chronic periodontitis patients from baseline to 3 months | Clinical attachment level is measured using Williams periodontal probe in millimeters with the criteria of 1 to 2 mm for slight periodontitis, 3 to 4 mm for moderate periodontits and greater or equal to 5 mm for severe periodontitis. | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Microbiological efficacy of pranayama in chronic periodontitis patients from baseline to 3 months | Red complex microorganisms such as P.gingivalis, T.denticola, T.forsythia are identified as '0' for absence and '1' for presence and analysed using polymerase chain reaction from subgingival plaque samples. | 3 months | 
| Efficacy of pranayama on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in chronic periodontitis patients | The expression of NF-kB is analysed using Real time PCR after isolation of RNA from subgingival plaque samples. | 3 months | 
| Efficacy of pranayama on perosxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in chronic periodontitis patients | The expression of PPAR- γ is analysed using Real time PCR after isolation of RNA from subgingival plaque samples. | 3 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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chronic periodontitis, Nuclear factor-kappa B, Pranayama, Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor gamma, Red complex microorganisms