Thyroid Function Tests and Status of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Covid-19 Patients

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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COVID-19 infection causes a hypersensitive immune reaction and widespread inflammation through cytokines in various organs of the body, especially the lungs. This cytokine-mediated widespread inflammation can also affect the thyroid gland, causing thyroiditis and impaired thyroid functions. The researchers evaluated thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Researchers excluded patients on intensive care therapy and patients with known thyroid disease. The researchers examined the relationship of thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies to COVID-19 disease, white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, and D-dimer stages in these patients. Researchers compared changes in thyroid hormones and autoantibodies in people without COVID-19 infection and without thyroid disease.

Detailed Description
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The coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) virus, which can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome through droplet, has caused the global Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 infection can be asymptomatic as well as lead to severe illness and even death. This virus causes a hypersensitive immune reaction and varying degrees of widespread inflammation through cytokines in various organs of the body, mainly the lungs. Cytokine-mediated widespread inflammation caused by the virus may also affect the thyroid gland and thyrocytes, causing thyroiditis and impairment of thyroid functions. Thus, it may cause changes in thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies. In study, the researchers found that in patients who were symptomatic with COVID-19 infection and who were hospitalized, thyroid function tests such as serum thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), anti-thyroglobulin evaluated antibodies (TGAb). The investigators did not recruit patients in intensive care and patients with known thyroid disease. Researchers looked at the association of patients' thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies with white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer from hospital archives. The researchers determined how the thyroid hormones and autoantibodies of patients with COVID-19 infection were compared with healthy individuals without COVID-19 infection and thyroid disease.

Official Title
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Thyroid Function Tests and the Status of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients and Their Relationship With White Blood Cells, Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio, c Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, Procalcitonin, Ferritin and D-dimer

Conditions
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COVID-19 Infection, Thyroid Function Tests, Inflammation; Thyroid, Inflammatory Markers

Intervention / Treatment
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* Diagnostic Test: Venous blood was collected for biochemistry testing.


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: To accept research. Being over the age of 18. COVID 19 test results to be positive. Not taking thyroid disease medication before. Receiving inpatient treatment in the COVID service in the hospital. Exclusion Criteria: Not accepting research. Be under the age of 18. Negative COVID 19 test results for patients. COVID patients treated as outpatient. Thyroid disease in the healthy control group.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Covid Disease Patient Group<br>Researchers evaluated serum thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine hormones, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. The researchers evaluated the results of white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer in Covid-9 patients. | Diagnostic Test: Venous blood was collected for biochemistry testing.<br>* For the measurement of blood tests, 10 ml of blood samples were taken from the right forearm veins with a syringe.<br>|
| Covid-Free Control Group<br>Researchers evaluated the results of serum thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine hormones, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, white blood cells, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, c reactive protein, fibrinogen, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer in the non-patient control group. | Diagnostic Test: Venous blood was collected for biochemistry testing.<br>* For the measurement of blood tests, 10 ml of blood samples were taken from the right forearm veins with a syringe.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Comparison of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) between groups | In the study, serum TSH results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days | 
| Comparison of free triiodothyronine (fT3) between groups | In the study, serum fT3 results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days | 
| Comparison of free thyroxine (fT4) between groups | In the study, serum fT4 results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days | 
| Comparison of anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) between groups | In the study, serum anti-TPO results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days | 
| Comparison of anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) between groups | In the study, serum anti-Tg results of the Covid patient group and non-Covid control groups were recorded and compared statistically. | 90 days | 
| White blood cells (WBC) results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum WBC results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days | 
| Neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (N/LO) results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum N/LO results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days | 
| C-reactive protein (CRP) results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum CRP results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days | 
| Fibrinogen results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum fibrinogen results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days | 
| Procalcitonin results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum procalcitonin results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days | 
| Ferritin results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum ferritin results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days | 
| D-dimer results of Covid 19 patient group | In the study, serum D-dimer results were recorded in Covid 19 patient groups. | 90 days |