Oral Functions and Malocclusions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of our research is to establish a link between malocclusions and oral dysfunctions. The clinical examination includes: caries screening (DMFT and dft scores), a quantification of dental plaque (Silness and Loë's plaque index) and orthodontic treatment need (Haute Autorité de Santé HAS). The functional examination includes improper mouth breathing, abnormal deglutition and incorrect position of tongue at rest.

Official Title
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Oral Functions and Malocclusions: a Comprehensive Epidemiological Study on 358 Schoolchildren in France

Conditions
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Malocclusion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: oral examination


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All the pupils benefit from the clinical examination Exclusion Criteria: NONE

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 12 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Other: oral examination|examination done by dentist|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dental malocclusion - extraoral examination | Dental malocclusion as defined by the HAS: - An extraoral examination: sub-nasal profile, the sub-nasal angle and the labial-mental groove; | 1 day | 
| Dental malocclusion - intraoral examination | Dental malocclusion as defined by the HAS: - An intraoral examination: right and left molar dental class (Angle classification, overjet (abnormal when> 3mm) | 1 day | 
| Dental malocclusion - intraoral examination | Dental malocclusion as defined by the HAS: , number of patient with shifted midlines , | 1 day | 
| Dental malocclusion - intraoral examination | Dental malocclusion as defined by the HAS: number of patient with an overbite (overbite> 2mm) | 1 day | 
| Dental malocclusion - intraoral examination | Dental malocclusion as defined by the HAS: number of patient with an open bite (overbite <0) | 1 day | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Functional oral examination - ventilation | The functional pral examination includes improper mouth breathing: type of ventilation -1: Number of patient with adenoid facies | 1 day | 
| Functional oral examination - ventilation | The functional examination includes improper mouth breathing: type of ventilation - 2 Number of patient with a positive Glaze's test | 1 day | 
| Functional oral examination - ventilation | The functional examination includes improper mouth breathing: type of ventilation - 3 Number of patient with a positive Rosenthal's test | 1 day | 
| Functional oral examination - deglutition | The functional examination includes abnormal deglutition. Number of patient with an abnormal déglutition (clinical exam) | 1 day | 
| Functional oral examination - position of tongue | The functional examination includes i incorrect position of tongue at rest. number of patient with en incorrect position of the tongue (clinical exam) | 1 day | 
| Oral health | Index of the severity of the caries disease (DMFT and dft); Silness and Loë's plaque index (0: absence of plaque, 1: plaque not visible to the naked eye but detachable with the probe; 2: plaque visible to the naked eye; 3: abundant plaque visible to the naked eye in the sulcus and on the marginal gingiva) | 1 day |