Recent Experiences With Concussions

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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College athletes will be recruited to complete a voluntary online survey that will take approximately 10 minutes. In this survey, they will answer a series of questions related to the concussion symptoms they have experienced in their recent sports season, their opinions related to concussions and concussion treatment, and demographics.

Detailed Description
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College athletes will be recruited to complete a voluntary online survey that will take approximately 10 minutes. In this survey, they will answer a series of questions related to the concussion symptoms they have experienced in their recent sports season, their opinions related to concussions and concussion treatment, and demographics. Of interest, participants will indicate what concussion symptoms they have recently experienced in one of four formats, to which they will be randomly assigned. Participants will either *check the symptoms they have experienced, *check the symptoms they have not experienced, *uncheck the symptoms they have experienced, or *uncheck the symptoms they have not experienced. It is believed that an alternative method of reporting symptoms that requires participants to indicate the symptoms they have not experienced will lead them to report having experienced a greater number of symptoms, based on past research regarding inclusion vs. exclusion modes of thought.

Official Title
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Recent Experiences and Presentation Format: Study of Concussion Symptom Elicitation

Conditions
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Concussion

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Symptom elicitiation


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Collegiate athlete (identified by staff at each cooperating institution) Exclusion Criteria: Under age of 18

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Check symptoms one has experienced<br>This is the baseline condition. When asked to indicate concussion symptoms (or most other kinds of symptoms for medical conditions), people usually place a check mark next to each symptom they have experienced. | Other: Symptom elicitiation<br>* Survey procedure, people check or uncheck symptoms they have or haven't experienced. We randomly assign participants to only one of these symptom elicitation procedures.<br>|
| Experimental: Check symptoms one has not experienced<br>Participants place a check mark next to each symptom they have NOT experienced in the most recent sports season. | Other: Symptom elicitiation<br>* Survey procedure, people check or uncheck symptoms they have or haven't experienced. We randomly assign participants to only one of these symptom elicitation procedures.<br>|
| Experimental: Uncheck symptoms one has experienced<br>To begin, all symptoms will be automatically checked. Participants are told to remove a check mark from each symptom they have experienced in the most recent sports season. | Other: Symptom elicitiation<br>* Survey procedure, people check or uncheck symptoms they have or haven't experienced. We randomly assign participants to only one of these symptom elicitation procedures.<br>|
| Experimental: Uncheck symptoms one has not experienced.<br>To begin, all symptoms will be automatically checked. Participants are told to remove a check mark from each symptom they have NOT experienced in the most recent sports season. | Other: Symptom elicitiation<br>* Survey procedure, people check or uncheck symptoms they have or haven't experienced. We randomly assign participants to only one of these symptom elicitation procedures.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of symptoms | Participants are asked to indicate how many symptoms were experienced during their most recent sports season. | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Perceived risk of concussions | Using questionnaire, participants rate their perceived risk of having a concussion compared to the average American and the average college athlete over the next year. | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes | 
| Concern about concussions | Using questionnaire, participants rate their concern over having experienced a concussion in the past. | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes | 
| Concern about concussions for health | Using questionnaire, participants rate their concern about the risk concussions present to their health | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes | 
| Beliefs about responses to concussions | Using questionnaire, participants rate the extent to which they think others are concerned about concussions and should respond to concussions | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes | 
| Estimated number of concussions | Using questionnaire, participants estimate the number of concussions they experienced in the most recent sport season and in their life. | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes | 
| Knowledge about concussions | Using questionnaire, participants rate their own knowledge about concussions | Through survey completion, an average of 12 minutes |