Neuromuscular Responses to Acute Beetroot Ingestion in Women Older Adults

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Beetroot juice supplementation has shown the capacity for provoking different physiological effects (e.g. vasodilation and muscle contraction increments). However, the effects of beetroot juice ingestion on neuromuscular performance in women older adults are barely studied. In this randomized placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effects of beetroot acute supplementation in improving neuromuscular performance in women older adults

Detailed Description
-----------------
Beetroot juice supplementation has shown the capacity for provoking different physiological effects that could affect human performance (e.g. vasodilation and muscle contraction increments). Although this dietary supplement has been commonly used for improving sports performance in recreational or professional athletes, the scientific literature in older adults is scarce. Thus, in our knowledge, no previous studies have analyzed the side effects associated to ingestion in this population group. In this randomized placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effects of beetroot acute supplementation in improving neuromuscular performance and side effects associated with ingestion in women older adults.

Official Title
-----------------
Neuromuscular Responses to Acute Beetroot Ingestion in Women Older Adults. Performance and Side Effects

Conditions
-----------------
Dietary Supplement, Placebo

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Dietary Supplement: beetroot juice


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Women >65 or <85 years of age. In good health, as determined by the investigator's review of history. Exclusion Criteria: (based in previous studies on this topic (doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa311). Men and women <65 or >85 years of age Unable to provide informed consent Current smokers Significant orthopedic limitations or other contraindications to strenuous exercise Those taking proton pump inhibitors, antacids, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, or on hormone replacement therapy Those taking anti-coagulants or on anti-platelet therapy History of neuromuscular disease (e.g., cervical spondylotic radiculomyelpathy, lumbar spondylosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies) Cardiovascular disease (e.g., > stage I hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction/ischemia significant myocardial or pericardial diseases (e.g. amyloidosis, constriction), Moderate or severe valvular disease, renal disease, liver disease, or anemia

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 65 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Beetroot supplementation<br>One serving 70 mL of beetroot juice (6.4 mmol of NO3-; Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) 3 h before initiating the testing session. | Dietary Supplement: beetroot juice<br>* Acute effects of beetroot juice or placebo juice ingestion<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo supplementation<br>One serving 70 mL of beetroot juice placebo (0.04 mmol of NO3-; Beet-It-Pro Elite Shot, James White Drinks Ltd., Ipswich, UK) 3 h before initiating the testing session. | Dietary Supplement: beetroot juice<br>* Acute effects of beetroot juice or placebo juice ingestion<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Changes in maximal isometric handgrip strength (N) | Using a dynamometer and measuring dominant/ non-dominant side | 1-week | 
| Changes in 6-m gait speed test | Using a photocell timing gates (seconds) | 1-week | 
| Changes in Time Up and Go test | Using a photocell timing gates (seconds) | 1-week | 
| Changes in Sit and Stand Test | Using Power Frail APP | 1-week | 
| 6-Minute Walk Test |  | 1-week | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rate of perception effort (RPE) | Using a validated scale (1-10 points) | 1-week | 
| Side effects questionnarie | Using a side-effects questionnarie (YES/NO scale) | 1-week | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
nitrate, dietary supplements, neuromuscular function