Acute and Chronic Pain After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether preoperative CT- guided hookwire localization would influence the incidence and intensity of acute and chronic pain after VATS.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Postoperative pain after thoracic surgery has gained recognition as a adverse outcome and head-scratching problem. The incidence of choric postoperative pain (CPSP) in thoracic surgery has been reported to be 20%-80%. However, there has been not an standard treatment for CPSP. Many study has showed the risk factors of CPSP in thoracic surgery, such as VATS type, operation time, duration of drainage, preoperative pain, repeat surgery, gender, postoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy , etc. It is important that moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain will be transformed into CPSP. That offers a new management goal in postoperative pain prevention.CT-guided hookwire localization have been proven to be benefical for VATS to diagnose and treat small pulmonary , it can shorten operation timing and increase surgery success rate. However, it causes roughly 23.8% severe pain and complaints included wire dislodgement, pneumothorax and haemorrhage during and after insertion. The question is whether or not the moderate-to-severe acute postoperative pain from hookwire localition will change the incidence and intensity of CPSP in VATS. Nurses play a pivotal role in advanced practice, research, and education in the field of pain management. The pain management of hookwire localization may be a new vison in further research.

Official Title
-----------------
Acute and Chronic Pain After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer in Patients With Preoperative CT-guided Hookwire Localization

Conditions
-----------------
Lung Cancer

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Hookwire localization


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Aged 18-75 patients who underwent underwent CT-guided localization before VATS ASA I-II BMI 18.5-30 no serious complications after localization sign informed consent Exclusion Criteria: could not complish underwent CT-guided localization selfexpression or visual dysfunction having emergency surgery a severe psychiatric illness having chronic pain problems in the chest area Pregnant women

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group A<br>Before operation,patients were performed CT -guided hook wire localization(20G×120mm, PAJUNK medizintechnologie, Geisingen in Germany). patients were placed on a CT table in a suitable position(supine, prone, lateral) to obtain the shortest needle insertion route for their initial CT scan. Local anesthesia of the skin and planned puncture tract was performed using 10ml Lidocaine 1%. Next, the needle was inserted into or near the pulmonary nodule. | Other: Hookwire localization<br>* Patients were performed CT -guided hook wire localization(20G×120mm, PAJUNK medizintechnologie, Geisingen in Germany). patients were placed on a CT table in a suitable position(supine, prone, lateral) to obtain the shortest needle insertion route for their initial CT scan. Local anesthesia of the skin and planned puncture tract was performed using 10ml Lidocaine 1%. Next, the needle was inserted into or near the pulmonary nodule.<br>|
| Group B<br>without hookwire localization | |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| postoperative incidence and intensity of chronic pain after surgery | the incidence and severity（11-point numerical rating scale,0=painless, 10=woest pain）of pain was assessed after VATS operation | at postoperative 3rd month | 
| postoperative incidence and intensity of chronic pain after surgery | the incidence and severity（11-point numerical rating scale, 0=painless, 10=worst pain）of pain was assessed after VATS operation | at postoperative 6th month | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| postoperative length of stay in hospital | the days between postoperative 1st day and day of discharge from hospital | an average of 1 week | 
| satisfactory score | Likert score (from 1 to 5),higher scores mean a better outcome | from the day discharge from hospital to postoperative 6th month | 
| intensity of postoperative acute pain | the severity(11-point numerical rating scale, 0=no pain, 10=worst pain) after VATS operation | from immediately after surgery(at postanesthesia care unit ) to postoperative 2nd day | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Lung cancer, Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, hookwire location