Gastric Emptying of Rice With Different Starch Properties

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Glycemic carbohydrates are associated with metabolic disturbances, such as type II diabetes, due to rapid digestion of starch into glucose. The specific properties of starch within these foods has been studied for the purpose of slowing their digestion rate and improving related physiological outcomes, such as gastric emptying rate. The current study investigated the relationship among starch digestion, gastric emptying rate and satiety in white and brown rice.

Detailed Description
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Studies have indicated that starch-based foods with somewhat high amylose content have slower in vitro starch digestion rates, which relate to a low glycemic response. Low glycemic response is associated with delayed gastric emptying rate as well. Therefore, we hypothesized that rice with a slow starch digesting property would delay gastric emptying. White and brown rice with varying amylose contents were used in this study. A 13C-labeled octanoic acid breath test method was used to measure gastric emptying rate, and questionnaires were used to assess hunger and fullness during the testing sessions. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited to participate in a crossover design study with six rice treatments and outcome measurements were gastric emptying and satiety assessments. One fermentable carbohydrate (fructooligosaccharide, FOS) solution was used to validate the production of breath hydrogen.

Official Title
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Assessment of Gastric Emptying and Fullness of Rice With Different Starch Properties

Conditions
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Appetitive Behavior

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: White rice, low amylose
* Other: White rice, high amylose
* Other: White rice, slow
* Other: White rice, resistant
* Other: Brown rice, low amylose
* Other: Brown rice, high amylose
* Other: Fructooligosaccharide (FOS)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Normal body mass index (18 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) Exclusion Criteria: Under any medication History of any gastrointestinal disease or surgery Diabetes Smoker

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: White rice, low amylose<br>Cooked white rice with low amylose content | Other: White rice, low amylose<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|
| Experimental: White rice, high amylose<br>Cooked white rice with high amylose content | Other: White rice, high amylose<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|
| Experimental: White rice, slow<br>Cooked white rice with slow digesting starch | Other: White rice, slow<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|
| Experimental: White rice, resistant<br>Cooked white rice with resistant starch | Other: White rice, resistant<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|
| Experimental: Brown rice, low amylose<br>Cooked brown rice with low amylose content | Other: Brown rice, low amylose<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|
| Experimental: Brown rice, high amylose<br>Cooked brown rice with high amylose content | Other: Brown rice, high amylose<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|
| Experimental: Fructooligosaccharide (FOS)<br>Fermentable carbohydrate solution | Other: Fructooligosaccharide (FOS)<br>* White and brown rice were tested for differences in gastric emptying rate and appetitive response<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gastric emptying | Breath test was performed using 13C-octanoic acid mixed into test meals | Acute study, 4 hours after consumption of test food | 
| Appetitive response | Fullness and hunger questionnaire was given at various time points after consumption of test foods | Acute study, 4 hours after consumption of test food | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Breath hydrogen | Hydrogen breath test was performed following ingestion of test meals | Acute study, 4 hours after consumption of test food |