Virtual Cycling Environments for Persons With Parkinson Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This study asks three questions about Persons with Parkinson Disease that use a bicycle for exercise. 1. Does the use of virtual reality increase the intensity and and enjoyment of the experience compared to bicycling without virtual reality? 2. Does the way in which the bicycling (interval compared to continous) is performed affect the experience? 3. How does the way the virtual reality is delivered (with goggles or projected on a screen) affect the experience?

Detailed Description
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Participants attend two sessions. They complete movement assessments and questionnaires about physical activity. During the first session they bicycle in a semi-immersive (projected on a screen) and an immersive (with googles) virtual environment. After each bout they completed a questionnaire about the experience. In the second session they bicycle four times with and without a virtual environment using both a continous and interval mode. Their oxygen consumption is measured during cycling. They complete questionnaires after each exercise bout.

Official Title
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Virtual Cycling Environments (VCYCLE) Increases Exercise Intensity of Persons With Parkinson Disease

Conditions
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Parkinson Disease

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Bicycling with and without virtual reality


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease Hoehn and Yahr stages II-III, 45-75 years old able to ride a stationary upright bicycle able to sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Have a recent history of severe heart disease, severe lung disease, uncontrolled diabetes, traumatic brain injury or neurological disorder other than Parkinson Disease. Are unable to follow directions or sign a consent form Do not have adequate vision or hearing ability to see or hear a television Have unstable medical condition or musculoskeletal disorder such as severe arthritis, recent knee surgery, hip surgery, or any other condition that the investigators determine would impair the ability to ride the bicycle Have any other medical condition that prevents bicycling Have moderate depression

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 45 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Repeated Measures Design
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Virtual Reality<br>This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same tasks over two sessions. | Other: Bicycling with and without virtual reality<br>* In one session: Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual compared to non-virtual environment. Cycling takes places in two modes continous and interval. In a second session exercise intensity and enjoyment are compared during bicycling with virtual reality presented in two different ways.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Neuromuscular Intensity | bicycling cadence collected continuously | Collected in two sessions: Session 1(day 1 for 2 hours) collected continuously during 2 exercise bouts to compare exercise bouts.____Session 2 (day 2 for 2 hours) collected continuously in four exercise bouts to compare exercise bouts | 
| Physiological Responses to Exercise- Oxygen Consumption | Metabolic equivalents derived from oxygen consumption which is collected continuously during four exercise bouts. | Collected in two sessions: Session 1(day 1 for 2 hours) collected continuously during 2 exercise bouts to compare exercise bouts___ Session 2 (day 2 for 2 hours) collected continuously in four exercise bouts to compare exercise bouts | 
| Enjoyment-Motivation | Intrinsic Motivation Inventory Enjoyment sub-scales collected at the end of each exercise bout | Collected in two sessions: Session 1 collected continuously during 2 exercise bouts in a 2 hour Session 2: in four exercise bouts in a 2 hour session to compare exercise bouts | 
| Heart Rate % of maximum | Collected continuously during exercise bouts and will be evaluated as a % of age adjusted maximum heart rate | Collected in two sessions: Session 1 collected continuously during 2 exercise bouts in a 2 hour Session 2: in four exercise bouts in a 2 hour session to compare exercise bouts | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Borg Scale for Rate of perceived exertion | Self-Report of Effort collected at a multiple time points to compare with exercise bouts | Collected in both Day 1 and 2 (each day is two hours) as follows: Day 1 (4 times in each of the two cycling bouts) Day 2 (6 times each of the four cycling bouts) | 
| Cyber sickness Questionnaire | 16 item questionnaire about feelings or symptoms of cyber sickness | Collected in Day 1 (2 hour session) twice to compare before and after scores | 
| Perceived Effort Ranking | Rating of Bicycling Conditions relative to each other (and audio recording of experience) | Collected in once in day 1 and once in day 2 | 
| Enjoyment Ranking | Rating of Bicycling Conditions relative to each other (and audio recording of experience) | Collected in once in day 1 and once in day 2 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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enjoyment, exercise, virtual reality, cardiovascular intensity, neuromuscular intensity