Impact of Dexamethasone Added to Intra-articular Morphine and Bupivacaine for Post-operative Analgesia After Knee Arthroscopy

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
A randomized double-blinded clinical trial was carried out on 40 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. Patients were divided randomly into two equal groups. All drugs used were injected intra-articularly at the end of arthroscopy. In the control group, patients were administered 10mg morphine added to bupivacaine 25mg. In the study group, patients were administered 10mg morphine and 8mg dexamethasone added to bupivacaine 25mg. Visual analog score for pain at rest and movement, time to first analgesic request, total analgesic consumption, duration of analgesia and adverse effects were recorded.

Official Title
-----------------
Impact of Dexamethasone Added to Intra-articular Morphine and Bupivacaine for Post-operative Analgesia After Knee Arthroscopy

Conditions
-----------------
Anesthesia

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Drug: group M
* Drug: group MD


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 years Maximum Age: 65 years Sex: Both Gender Based: No Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No Criteria: Inclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II Scheduled for minor arthroscopic knee surgeries (meniscectomy, chondroplasty, minor ligament repair and diagnostic arthroscopy) Exclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status above (II) Undergoing major knee surgeries History of allergies to any of the used drugs History of diabetes mellitus Contraindications of morphine use (e.g. asthmatic patient, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and addiction)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: group M<br>group M 10mg morphine +0.25% bupivacaine | Drug: group M<br>* 10mg morphine in 5ml normal saline + 10ml of 0.25% bupivacaine ( total volume 15 ml) were injected intra-articularly<br>|
| Active Comparator: group MD<br>group MD 10mg morphine + 8mg dexamethasone +0.25% bupivacaine | Drug: group MD<br>* 10mg morphine + 8mg dexamethasone completed to 5 ml with normal saline + 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (total volume of 15ml) were injected intra-articularly<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| visual analogue score(VAS) at rest and movement | visual analogue score(VAS) will be used to measure pain score (VAS score 0 cm= no pain, VAS score 10 cm = worst possible pain) when the patient is fully conscious (0) and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24 hours post-operatively | first 24 hours post operative | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rescue analgesia time | Time to first analgesia requirement (considering the extubation is zero time) | first 24 hours post operative | 
| Total analgesic consumption | intramuscular diclofenac sodium 75mg will be given as rescue analgesic when VAS ≥ 4. Total diclofenac consumption will be recorded | first 24 hours post operative | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Dexamethasone, Bupivacaine, Morphine