Serum Levels of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that involve many different organs and display a variable clinical course.The prevalence of SLE varies across gender, race/ethnicity, and geographic regions. SLE demonstrates a striking female predominance with a peak incidence of disease during the reproductive years. In adults, the female to male ratio is 10- Renal involvement is common in SLE and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that as many as 90% of patients with SLE will have pathologic evidence of renal involvement on biopsy, but clinically significant nephritis will develop in only 50%. AII is a potent pro-inflammatory modulator with the ability to augment the immune responses in renal and non-renal tissues. Specifically in the kidney, AII stimulates mononuclear cells, favoring hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mesangial, tubular cells and interstitial fibroblasts, and increases expression and synthesis of the extracellular protein matrix leading to fibrosis. Angiotensin II and strong candidate for a mediator of the development and progression of renal disease in SLE has been found to promote glomerular cell proliferation, alter growth factor expression, and activate proinflammatory cytokines, all of which promote glomerulosclerosis

Official Title
-----------------
Serum Levels of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients

Conditions
-----------------
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Diagnostic Test: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme test


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: 1-Patients who fulfill the 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism classification criteria of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 2-Patients diagnosed as lupus nephritis , actually did renal biobsy 3-Patients who is able to give informed consent to join the study Exclusion Criteria: - Any patient with any collagen disease other than systemic lupus erythematosus.

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 17 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| cases<br>systemic lupus erythematosus patients | Diagnostic Test: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme test<br>* blood sample is taken SLE patients , healthy control , ACE level will be measured by ELISA kits<br>|
| control<br>healthy individuals | Diagnostic Test: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme test<br>* blood sample is taken SLE patients , healthy control , ACE level will be measured by ELISA kits<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Angiotensin Converting Enzyme test | laboratory test, ELISA kits, measure serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme in SLE patients , control | 3 months | 
| protein creatine ratio | laboratory test, urine sample used to measure amount of proteinurea | 3 months | 
| serum creatine test | lab test , to asses renal function | 3 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Anti nuclear Anti body tset | lab tset, IF technique, for diagnosis of SLE disease | 3 months | 
| anti ds-DNA test | lab test , for diagnosis of SLE , lupus nephritis | 3 months |