Longitudinal Follow-up of Male Soccer Players Prone to Developing CAM Hip Deformity

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a clinical problem in which abnormal contact occurs between the thighbone and the hip socket. In intensive, mostly still young, male athletes, this problem seems to be related to a bony deformity on the head of this thighbone, a so-called CAM. FAI itself gives rise to pain symptoms, but in time can even lead to premature osteoarthritis. However, the cause of a CAM deformity itself, nor how FAI then arises, is insufficiently known. In view of FAI prevention and its better treatment, this project thus tries to better understand the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose, we will combine detailed biomechanical evaluations of specific movement patterns with advanced medical imaging and state of the art clinical evaluations to longitudinally follow up a group with a known high risk of developing a CAM deformity, being young male elite soccer players. Findings within this study will be additionally compared with similar analyses performed in patients with FAI. This research aims to thus form a basis to define novel (sports-specific) training schemes for the prevention of FAI, but also to define the actual treatment and rehabilitation plans in more patient-specific and a better-informed way.

Detailed Description
-----------------
This is a longitudinal follow-up study in which subjects are invited for data collection twice, the baseline time-point and the two years time-point. Population: 12-16 years old male soccer players (40 elite level players , and 40 recreational level players) In both data collection time-points the following measurements are preformed: Clinical screening of hip joint Radial MRI of bilateral hips Biplanar and conventional x-ray Imaging of hip and pelvic region Athlete-specific 3D motion analysis Questionnaires on injury history and physical activity levels.

Official Title
-----------------
Integrated Longitudinal Research on the Etiology of CAM Deformity in Adolescent Male Elite Soccer Players and Matched Control

Conditions
-----------------
Femoro Acetabular Impingement, CAM

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Radiation: bi-planer radiography (EOS), Conventional radiography (Hip+pelvis)


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: For the the Elite Group: Playing soccer at high level and training for more that 10 hours a week For the Control group: Playing soccer or any other sport recreationally for a less than 5 hours a week Exclusion Criteria: No prior history of major trauma or injury to the lower limbs and spine No prior history of neurological conditions that can effect movement and mobility

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 12 Years
Maximum Age: 17 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Elite Soccer Players<br>Adolescent male aged 12-16 years old elite athletes that are recruited from special sport school in Leuven-Belgium and play football at a high level. | Radiation: bi-planer radiography (EOS), Conventional radiography (Hip+pelvis)<br>* low dose radiation medical imaging to visualise the hip joint and lumbo-pelvic complex specifically.<br>* Other names: Motion Analysis;|
| Recreational Soccer players (control)<br>Adolescent male aged 12-16 years old recruited from ordinary school in Flanders Belgium that play soccer or any other sport recreationally with no high intensity training | Radiation: bi-planer radiography (EOS), Conventional radiography (Hip+pelvis)<br>* low dose radiation medical imaging to visualise the hip joint and lumbo-pelvic complex specifically.<br>* Other names: Motion Analysis;|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The formation of CAM deformity on the anterior head-neck junction of the femur | Detected using alpha angle on MRI/ Dunn's View x-ray | two years post baseline measurements |