TAS1R1, TAS1R3, TLR2, TLR4, CA6 Gene Polymorphism on Dental Caries

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of TAS1R1, TAS1R3, TLR2, TLR4, CA6, gene polymorphism on caries risk in adults.

Detailed Description
-----------------
To date, genes can be grouped into categories based on the factor influencing dental caries. The major candidate gene categories to date include enamel formation genes, immune response genes, genes related to saliva, and genes related to taste and dietary habits. CA6 exists in the human saliva and has a critical role of buffering, immune response and taste.Toll-like receptors are expressed in the tongue gustatory papillae where they may initiate immune responses to pathogens.Genetic variations in the TAS1R1 and TAS1R3 for umami cause perception of these tastes differently.

Official Title
-----------------
Variants in Taste Genes on Caries Risk and Caries Activity Status

Conditions
-----------------
High Caries Risk, Low Caries Risk

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Genetic: high caries risk
* Other: caries activity


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: adult be between 25 and 44 years old subject has DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled, Permanent Tooth) ≥ 5, or, DMFT ≥14 same oral health, diet and socioeconomic status Exclusion Criteria: systemic or genetic disorders orthodontic appliances pregnant women

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 44 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| high caries risk<br>100 adults will be allowed in the high caries risk group according to DMFT index (DMFT ≥ 14) | Genetic: high caries risk<br>* DNAs were obtained from epithelial cells in buccal mucosa and were extracted with Genomic DNA Isolation Kit Genotyping for a variant was carried out on a Roche Applied Science LightCycler® 480 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with real-time polymerase reaction of Taqman<br>* Other names: DNA isolation, genotyping;Other: caries activity<br>* Dental caries lesions of all patient scored as initial, moderate or advanced caries Initial lesion; clinically detectable lesion Moderate; visible signs of enamel breakdown Advanced; enamel was fully cavitaed<br>|
| low caries risk<br>100 adults will be allowed in the low caries risk group according to DMFT index (DMFT ≤ 5) | Genetic: high caries risk<br>* DNAs were obtained from epithelial cells in buccal mucosa and were extracted with Genomic DNA Isolation Kit Genotyping for a variant was carried out on a Roche Applied Science LightCycler® 480 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with real-time polymerase reaction of Taqman<br>* Other names: DNA isolation, genotyping;Other: caries activity<br>* Dental caries lesions of all patient scored as initial, moderate or advanced caries Initial lesion; clinically detectable lesion Moderate; visible signs of enamel breakdown Advanced; enamel was fully cavitaed<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Past caries experience | Each tooth will be examined and recorded as decayed, missing, or filled (DMFT). Caries will be defined in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO 1997) criteria. | 4 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
caries risk, gene polymorphisms