Research and Innovation to Stop E-cigarette/Vaping in Young Adults

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to test intervention components to help young adults quit vaping. A 2x2 factorial design will be used where all participants receive quitline-delivered behavioral phone counseling, and components to be tested are a digital intervention (with text and online cessation support) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The research questions and hypotheses for this study are: Which components and combinations of intervention yield the greatest success rates for exclusive vaping cessation among young adult exclusive e-cigarette users? H1: The complete condition (NRT + digital) will yield significantly higher rates of cessation compared to the control condition (quitline only). Does 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improve initial cessation outcomes relative to no NRT. H2: Providing NRT will yield significantly higher quit rates compared to the No NRT condition. Do tailored text-messages and online support during cessation improve initial cessation outcomes relative to no digital content? Are young adult vapers engaged with and satisfied with digital cessation tools? H3: Digital support will yield significantly higher quit rates compared to no digital support. H4: Higher engagement in digital content will be associated with higher cessation success rates.

Detailed Description
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The investigators will recruit a national, nonprobability sample of young adults (18-24 year olds) who vape nicotine. All study components will be delivered by phone, mail, online, and mobile device. All participants will receive up to 2 coaching calls and will be randomized to one of four groups: no NRT, no Digital; Digital, no NRT; NRT, no Digital; or NRT and Digital. Participants (final sample size n = 504) must complete one coaching call to be enrolled in the study. The two coaching calls (approximately 10-20 minutes each) focus on 5 keys for quitting: setting a quit date, conquering urges, managing physical withdrawal symptoms (or addressing nicotine replacement needs for the NRT groups), vape-proofing environment, and social supports. In this real-world trial, coaches will be trained to assess vaping use and dose NRT taking into account use frequency, nicotine level, and participant preference, leveraging quitline standard protocols. Participants may be sent up to 8 weeks (patch, gum, and or lozenge) of product in two shipments. Combination NRT (patch plus gum or lozenge) may be offered. The digital cessation content includes a text messaging program with links to online education and support materials. The text program will be tailored to a participant's quit stage, and include education, tips, motivational messages, and assessment questions yielding tailored content. The online content (brief videos, audio podcasts, quizzes, etc) can be viewed in small segments via texted links. Participants can also engage with the online content by navigating through lessons or suggested content.

Official Title
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Young Adult Vaping Cessation: A Randomized Trial Examining Phone Coaching, Text-based Digital Intervention, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Conditions
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Nicotine Dependence, E-Cig Use

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Nicotine patch
* Behavioral: Phone Counseling
* Behavioral: Digital Coaching


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Current, regular user of nicotine e-cigarettes (20+ days in the last month) Exclusive e-cigarette user (no other tobacco in the last 30 days; or no other tobacco in the last 90 days if smoked 100+ cigarettes or cigarillos in lifetime) Interest in quitting in the next 30 days Ownership of a smartphone device Ability to speak and read English Exclusion Criteria: Pregnant or breastfeeding Individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who do not report that their condition is currently effectively managed Individuals who have experienced a heart attack or stroke in the two weeks prior, or who have been diagnosed with rapid/irregular heartbeat or angina in the six months prior to taking the eligibility screener Other household members in study

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 24 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A 2x2 factorial design will be used where all participants receive quitline-delivered phone counseling, and components to be tested are a digital intervention (with text-based cessation and online cessation support) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: CoachingOnlyArm<br>Phone Coaching; no Digital Coaching, no NRT: This arm will receive only the two phone counseling calls which all other arms will receive. | Behavioral: Phone Counseling<br>* Participants in all four arms of the study will receive two proactive phone-based behavioral coaching calls for quitting vaping, which will include making a quit plan, learning to cope with urges to vape, and education on strategies for quitting and staying quit. Calls utilize the quitline evidence-based protocol. The first call lasts approximately 20 minutes, the second calls lasts approximately 10 minutes, and participants are encouraged to call in for ad hoc calls if they would like additional support.<br>|
| Experimental: DigitalArm<br>Phone Coaching + Digital Coaching; no NRT: This arm will receive digital content (text messages with links to online materials) in addition to to the two phone counseling calls which all arms will receive. | Behavioral: Phone Counseling<br>* Participants in all four arms of the study will receive two proactive phone-based behavioral coaching calls for quitting vaping, which will include making a quit plan, learning to cope with urges to vape, and education on strategies for quitting and staying quit. Calls utilize the quitline evidence-based protocol. The first call lasts approximately 20 minutes, the second calls lasts approximately 10 minutes, and participants are encouraged to call in for ad hoc calls if they would like additional support.<br>Behavioral: Digital Coaching<br>* Intervention descriptionText-based vaping cessation program that utilizes evidence-based content from the quitline tobacco cessation protocol, as well as links directing participants to additional online educational content (brief videos, audio content, quizzes, and educational activities).<br>|
| Experimental: CoachingNRTArm<br>Phone Coaching + NRT; no Digital Coaching: This arm will receive Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in addition to the two phone counseling calls which all arms will receive. | Drug: Nicotine patch<br>* NRT will be discussed and dosed by the study quit coach during coaching calls per quitline dosing protocols. NRT treatment will consist of up to an 8 week supply of nicotine patch, gum, and/or lozenge. NRT will be sent in two 4 week shipments. Participants may be dosed for a single form of NRT or combination NRT (patch plus gum or lozenge) based on coach assessment of nicotine use and participant preference.<br>* Other names: Nicotine gum;Behavioral: Phone Counseling<br>* Participants in all four arms of the study will receive two proactive phone-based behavioral coaching calls for quitting vaping, which will include making a quit plan, learning to cope with urges to vape, and education on strategies for quitting and staying quit. Calls utilize the quitline evidence-based protocol. The first call lasts approximately 20 minutes, the second calls lasts approximately 10 minutes, and participants are encouraged to call in for ad hoc calls if they would like additional support.<br>|
| Experimental: DigitalNRTArm<br>This arm will receive digital content (text messages with links to online materials) AND Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in addition to the two phone counseling calls which all arms will receive. | Drug: Nicotine patch<br>* NRT will be discussed and dosed by the study quit coach during coaching calls per quitline dosing protocols. NRT treatment will consist of up to an 8 week supply of nicotine patch, gum, and/or lozenge. NRT will be sent in two 4 week shipments. Participants may be dosed for a single form of NRT or combination NRT (patch plus gum or lozenge) based on coach assessment of nicotine use and participant preference.<br>* Other names: Nicotine gum;Behavioral: Phone Counseling<br>* Participants in all four arms of the study will receive two proactive phone-based behavioral coaching calls for quitting vaping, which will include making a quit plan, learning to cope with urges to vape, and education on strategies for quitting and staying quit. Calls utilize the quitline evidence-based protocol. The first call lasts approximately 20 minutes, the second calls lasts approximately 10 minutes, and participants are encouraged to call in for ad hoc calls if they would like additional support.<br>Behavioral: Digital Coaching<br>* Intervention descriptionText-based vaping cessation program that utilizes evidence-based content from the quitline tobacco cessation protocol, as well as links directing participants to additional online educational content (brief videos, audio content, quizzes, and educational activities).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7-day point prevalence vaping abstinence | Self-report of no use of e-cigarettes in the past 7 days at the time of the 3-month outcome survey. | 3 months after Call 1 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vaping abstinence | Self-reported 30-day point prevalence vaping abstinence | Assessed 3 months after study enrollment | 
| E-cigarette dependence - PROMIS-E | Self-reported e-cigarette dependence using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - E-cigarettes (PROMIS-E) questionnaire | Assessed 3 months after study enrollment | 
| E-cigarette dependence - Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Questionnaire | Self-reported e-cigarette dependence using the Penn State E-cigarette Dependence questionnaire | Assessed 3 months after study enrollment | 
| Changes in e-cigarette use frequency | Self-reported e-cigarette use frequency (changes in number of days vaped in the last 30 days) | Assessed 3 months after study enrollment |