This is the Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid-pumice Compound and Sodium Hypochlorite-pumice Compound Used in Microabrasion Technique for the Treatment of Dental Fluorosis. Change in Tooth Shade Was Checked Before and After the Procedure.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To compare the clinical effectiveness of hydrochloric acid-pumice compound and sodium hypochlorite-pumice compound in treating dental fluorosis using microabrasion technique.

Detailed Description
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A Randomized Clinical Trial was taken Fatima Jinnah Dental College Hospital, Karachi, from 1st November 2019 To 30th April 2020. Total 30 teeth in each group were included. Preoperatively shade was checked. The mixture was applied 10 times or more during the same session. Total treatment time was around 30 minutes. Every patient received entire microabrasion treatment. At the end of the treatment, neutral sodium fluoride gel was applied. Then changes in shade were checked. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

Official Title
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Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hypochlorite Used in Microabrasion Technique for the Treatment of Dental Fluorosis.

Conditions
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Dental Fluoroses

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: enamel microabrasion


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Patients aged 18-40 years . Permanent dentition assessed on clinical examination. Have at least four maxillary incisors with scores of 4 to 5, according to the Dean's Fluorosis Index. Have no caries or restoration on the teeth to be treated assessed clinically. Exclusion Criteria: Poor oral dental and general health assessed on clinical examination. History of Smoking and any form of tobacco. Patients with periodontal disease assessed on clinical examination. Caries on anterior teeth assessed on clinical examination. Hypersensitive teeth assessed on clinical examination.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: GROUP A (HYDROCHLORIC ACID)<br>Total 30 teeth in each group were included. Preoperatively shade was checked with VITA classical A1-D4® shade guide. The mixture (hydrochloric acid pumice compound) was applied 10 times or more during the same session. Total treatment time was around 30 minutes. Every patient received entire microabrasion treatment. At the end of the treatment, neutral sodium fluoride gel was applied. Then change in shade was checked again with VITA classical A1-D4® shade guide. | Other: enamel microabrasion<br>* It is a non-restorative, conservative treatment that works both chemically and mechanically to remove up to 0.2 mm of affected enamel per application. Pumice either mixed with 18% hydrochloric acid or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used to remove fluorosis stains.<br>|
| Experimental: GROUP B ( SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE)<br>Total 30 teeth in each group were included. Preoperatively shade was checked with VITA classical A1-D4® shade guide.The mixture (sodium hypochlorite pumice compound) was applied 10 times or more during the same session. Total treatment time was around 30 minutes. Every patient received entire microabrasion treatment. At the end of the treatment, neutral sodium fluoride gel was applied. Then change in shade was checked again with VITA classical A1-D4® shade guide. . | Other: enamel microabrasion<br>* It is a non-restorative, conservative treatment that works both chemically and mechanically to remove up to 0.2 mm of affected enamel per application. Pumice either mixed with 18% hydrochloric acid or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used to remove fluorosis stains.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| HYDROCHLORIC ACID PUMICE COMPOUND | Tooth shade was recorded at the baseline with the help of VITA classical A1-D4® shade guide. The arrangement of the shades in the VITA classical family of shades is as follows: A1 - A4 (reddish-brownish), B1 - B4 (reddish-yellowish), C1 - C4 (greyish shades), D2 - D4 (reddish-grey).Determination of shade was done under daylight. Closest shade was selected from the shade tab. Effectiveness was marked positive if there was atleast one change in shade from the baseline just after the procedure to shade group from A1-D4. Effectiveness was marked negative if there is no change in shade from the baseline. | 30 minutes | 
| SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE PUMICE COMPOUND | Tooth shade was recorded at the baseline with the help of VITA classical A1-D4® shade guide. The arrangement of the shades in the VITA classical family of shades is as follows: A1 - A4 (reddish-brownish), B1 - B4 (reddish-yellowish), C1 - C4 (greyish shades), D2 - D4 (reddish-grey).Determination of shade was done under daylight. Closest shade was selected from the shade tab. Effectiveness was marked positive if there was atleast one change in shade from the baseline just after the procedure to shade group from A1-D4. Effectiveness was marked negative if there is no change in shade from the baseline. | 30 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Hypochlorite, Dental Fluorosis, Microabrasion Technique