Digital Dysmorphology Project

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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In this study, the investigators propose a novel method to detect Down syndrome using photography for facial dysmorphology, a tool called computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). After validating the method, this technology will be expanded to perform similar functions to assist in the detection of other dysmorphic syndromes. By using photography and image analysis this automated assessment tool would have the potential to improve the diagnosis rate and allow for remote, non-invasive diagnostic evaluation for dysmorphologists in a timely manner.

Detailed Description
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In this study, investigators propose a novel method to detect Down syndrome using photography for facial dysmorphology, a tool called computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) . Local texture features based on Contourlet transform and local binary pattern are investigated to represent the facial characteristics. A support vector machine classifier is then used to discriminate between normal and abnormal cases. Accuracy, precision and recall are used to evaluate the method. After validating the method, this technology will then be expanded to perform similar functions to assist in the detection of other dysmorphic syndromes. By using photography and image analysis this automated assessment tool would have the potential to improve the diagnosis rate and allow for remote, non-invasive diagnostic evaluation for dysmorphologists in a timely manner.

Official Title
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Down Syndrome Detection From Facial Photographs Using Machine Learning Techniques

Conditions
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Down Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: photographs


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Pediatric subject with Down syndrome. Healthy pediatric siblings of a subject with Down syndrome and/or other individuals with another genetic referral to serve as a control group. Subject must be less than 18 years old. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects 18 years or older.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Down syndrome<br>photographs of individuals less than 18 yo with Down syndrome | Device: photographs<br>* computer based program to analyze photographs (computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software)<br>|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>photographs of individuals less than 18 yo with a genetic referral (not Down syndrome) or a healthy sibling to a child with Down syndrome | Device: photographs<br>* computer based program to analyze photographs (computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of participants with Down syndrome accurately assessed by computer-aided detection (CADe) tool | The study will enroll and analyze photographic data from syndromic and non-syndromic cases to investigate the parameters required to achieve an accuracy of the computer-aided detection (CADe) tool for children with genetic syndromes at a level of 90% accuracy. | 5 years | 
| Number of participants with Down syndrome accurately assessed by computer-aided detection (CADe) tool | The study will enroll and analyze photographic data from syndromic and non-syndromic cases to investigate the parameters required to achieve an accuracy of the computer-aided detection (CADe) tool for children with genetic syndromes at a level of 95% accuracy. | 5 years | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of participants with other dysmorphic syndromes accurately assessed by computer-aided detection (CADe) tool | The study will enroll and analyze photographic data from syndromic and non-syndromic cases to investigate the parameters required to achieve an accuracy of the computer-aided detection (CADe) tool for children with genetic syndromes at a level of 90% accuracy. | 5 years | 
| Number of participants with other dysmorphic syndromes accurately assessed by computer-aided detection (CADe) tool | The study will enroll and analyze photographic data from syndromic and non-syndromic cases to investigate the parameters required to achieve an accuracy of the computer-aided detection (CADe) tool for children with genetic syndromes at a level of 95% accuracy. | 5 years |