Enhancing Sensorimotor Processing in Children With Dystonia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Dystonia is a severely disabling movement disorder with no cure, in which people suffer painful muscle spasms causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. There are many causes, including genetic conditions and brain injury. The most common cause in childhood is dystonic cerebral palsy (CP) which often affects the whole body. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, but there is growing evidence to implicate abnormal brain processing by the brain of incoming sensory information (e.g., signals to the brain from our senses of touch and body position): the distorted perception of these signals disrupts the way the brain produces instructions for planning and performing movements. The investigator's previous studies have shown that the way the brain processes sensory information related to movement is abnormal in children with dystonia and dystonic CP, by using methods that record the EEG (electroencephalogram - brain wave signals) and/or EMG (electromyogram - electrical signal from muscles). A specific brain rhythm (called mu) typically shows well-defined changes in response to movement, and reflects processing of sensory information. The investigator's work shows these rhythm changes are abnormal in children with dystonia/dystonic CP. This study will explore if these findings can improve treatment. In particular the study team will investigate whether children and young people with dystonia/dystonic CP can enhance these mu rhythm responses during a movement task by using feedback of their brain rhythms displayed as a cartoon/game on a computer. The investigators will also assess whether enhanced mu activity is associated with improved movement control. This would open future possibilities to use such devices for therapy/rehabilitation. Children and young people with dystonia/dystonic CP aged 5-25 years will be recruited, along with age-matched controls. Studies will last 2-3 hours with time for breaks and will be conducted at Evelina London Children's Hospital and Barts Health Trust, with the option for home visits if preferable for families.

Official Title
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Enhancing Cortical Sensorimotor Processing in Children/Young People With Dystonia and Dystonic Cerebral Palsy - An Observational Study to Evaluate Whether Neurofeedback Can Enhance Modulation of the mu Brain Rhythm in Children and Young People With Dystonia/Dystonic Cerebral Palsy

Conditions
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Dystonia, Dystonia; Idiopathic, Dystonic Cerebral Palsy, Dystonia, Secondary, Dystonia, Primary

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: No intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Key inclusion criteria Control Group: Age 5 -25 years No known disorder of movement Able to understand and participate in study. Primary dystonia group (isolated genetic or idiopathic): Age 5-25 years Clinical dystonia - as confirmed on clinical assessment by consultant paediatric neurologist. Genetic or idiopathic aetiology. No other neurological abnormality. Normal cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Able to understand and participate in study. Dystonic Cerebral Palsy Group: Age 5-25 years Clinical dystonia/dyskinesia - as confirmed on clinical assessment by consultant paediatric neurologist. Documented history of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), prematurity <35 weeks or kernicterus. Predominant dystonia/dyskinesia / Minimal spasticity MRI findings in keeping with acute perinatal HIE, prematurity or kernicterus (including classical pattern of damage to thalami, basal ganglia and peri-rolandic cortex, periventricular leukomalacia or ischaemic parenchymal injury). Able to understand and participate in study. Key exclusion criteria Control Group: Age <5 or >25 years Any known disorder of movement. Primary dystonia group (isolated genetic or idiopathic): Age < 5 or >25 years Presence of other neurological abnormality in addition to dystonia. Abnormal cranial MRI. Dystonic Cerebral Palsy Group: Age < 5 or >25 years No clear history of perinatal HIE, prematurity or kernicterus. Predominant spasticity. MRI scan not compatible with perinatal HIE, prematurity or kernicterus

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 5 Years
Maximum Age: 25 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Primary dystonia group (genetic or idiopathic)<br> | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|
| Dystonic cerebral palsy group<br> | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|
| Control group<br> | Other: No intervention<br>* No intervention<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in mu modulation between trials with and without biofeedback |  | During the procedure |