Safety Study to Assess IV Zanamivir for Treatment of Influenza Infection in Patients Who Are in Hospital

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether zanamivir aqueous solution given by intravenous injection is safe in treating hospitalized patients with confirmed influenza infection. A single arm open-label design has been selected to achieve the primary objective of providing regulatory authorities with safety data on IV zanamivir.

Detailed Description
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This study will be an open-label, Phase II, multi-center, single arm study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IV zanamivir 600mg twice daily for 5 days in hospitalized subjects with laboratory confirmed influenza infection. The initial 5-day treatment course may be extended for up to 5 additional days if viral shedding is determined to be ongoing or if clinical symptoms warrant further treatment with IV zanamivir. Approximately 200 subjects will be enrolled into the study (approximately 150 adult/adolescent subjects and approximately 50 pediatric subjects). Adult (>/= 18 years of age) with normal renal function will receive 600mg per dose. Pediatric (6 months to <13 years)/adolescent (>13 years to <18 years) subjects will receive an age-adjusted, weight-based dose (not to exceed the 600 mg adult dose) intended to provide comparable systemic exposures to 600mg in adults. Subjects with renal impairment will receive an adjusted dose based on calculated creatinine clearance and renal replacement modality. Serum pharmacokinetic assessments will be performed in subjects across all age groups wherever possible. Pharmacokinetic analyses will be conducted, in real-time to the extent possible, when 4 subjects (from whom samples can be obtained) are enrolled in each of the following age cohorts: 6 months to less than 1 year; 1 to less than 2 years, and 2 to less than 6 years to determine the need for pediatric dose adjustments. PK assessments are required in the first 4 subjects enrolled in the 6 months to less than 1 year age cohort, and PK data must be analyzed and IV zanamivir dosage must be reviewed before additional subjects in this age cohort can be enrolled. The study duration is approximately 28 days for subjects whose treatment duration is 5 days, and up to approximately 33 days for subjects whose treatment duration is extended to a maximum of 10 days. The study will consist of Pre-dose Baseline Assessments (Day 1), During Treatment Assessments (Days 1 to 5, and up to Day 10), and Follow-up Assessments on the following days: Post-Treatment +2 +5, +9, +16 and +23 Days. If the first dose of IV zanamivir is administered in the afternoon/evening of Day 1, the twice daily dosing schedule will result in one treatment day encompassing two calendar days. For subjects who have been discharged from hospital, the Post-Treatment +2, +5, +9 and +16 Days Assessments can be made by telephone contact.

Official Title
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An Open-label, Multi-center, Single Arm Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Intravenous Zanamivir in the Treatment of Hospitalized Adult, Adolescent and Pediatric Subjects With Confirmed Influenza Infection

Conditions
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Influenza, Human

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: zanamivir aqueous solution


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male or female aged greater than or equal to 6 months of age; a female is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she is: of non-childbearing potential (i.e., physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant, including any female who is post-menopausal); or, of child-bearing potential, has a negative pregnancy test at Baseline, and agrees to one of the following methods for avoidance of pregnancy during the study and until the Post-Treatment +23 Days Follow-up Assessment: Abstinence; or, Oral contraceptive, either combined or progestogen alone; or, Injectable progestogen; or, Implants of levonorgestrel; or, Estrogenic vaginal ring; or, Percutaneous contraceptive patches; or Intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS) showing that the expected failure rate is less than 1% per year as stated in the IUD or IUS Product Label; or, Has a male partner who is sterilized; or, Double barrier method: condom and an occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with a vaginal spermicidal agent (foam/gel/film/cream/suppository). Subjects who have confirmed influenza as determined by a positive result in a rapid test for influenza A or influenza B, or a laboratory test for influenza including influenza virus antigen test, virus culture or RT-PCR test. Subjects with negative rapid test result suspected of having influenza can be enrolled following confirmatory testing by RT-PCR, antigen test or culture. Hospitalized subjects with symptomatic influenza Subjects who are able to receive their first dose of study medication within seven days of experiencing influenza-like symptoms. Subjects willing and able to adhere to the procedures stated in the protocol. Subjects/legally acceptable representative (LAR) of minors and unconscious adults willing and able to give written informed consent to participate in the study (or included as permitted by local regulatory authorities, IRBs/IECs or local laws). French subjects: In France, a subject will be eligible for inclusion in this study only if either affiliated to or a beneficiary of a social security category. UK subjects and subjects in Spain: Subjects should be in a high dependency or intensive care setting at the time of enrollment and either have severe and progressive illness on approved influenza antivirals, or are considered unsuitable for treatment with approved influenza antivirals. Subjects who have severe or progressive influenza illness on approved (fully licensed) influenza antivirals, or who are considered unsuitable or inappropriate for treatment with approved influenza antivirals, or who in the opinion of the investigator may benefit from IV zanamivir therapy. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not likely to survive the next 48 hours beyond Baseline. Subjects who require concurrent therapy with another influenza antiviral drug. Subjects who have participated in a study using an investigational influenza antiviral drug within 30 days prior to Baseline. Subjects who are known or suspected to be hypersensitive to any component of the study medication. Subjects who meet the following criteria at Baseline: ALT greater than or equal to 3xULN and bilirubin greater than or equal to 2xULN or ALT greater than or equal to 5xULN History of cardiac disease or clinically significant arrhythmia (either on ECG or by history) which, in the opinion of the Investigator, will interfere with the safety of the individual subject. Child in care (CiC) as defined below: A child who has been placed under the control or protection of an agency, organization, institution or entity by the courts, the government or a government body, acting in accordance with powers conferred on them by law or regulation. The definition of a CiC can include a child cared for by foster parents or living in a care home or institution, provided that the arrangement falls within the definition above. The definition of a CiC does not include a child who is adopted or has an appointed legal guardian. French subjects: the French subject has participated in any study using an investigational drug during the previous 30 days. Females who are pregnant (positive urine or serum pregnancy test at Baseline) or are breastfeeding.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Single Arm<br>A single arm open-label design has been selected to achieve the primary objective of providing regulatory authorities with safety data on IV zanamivir in an expedited manner. This study design also facilitates the provision of safety data on a real-time basis, if necessary. | Drug: zanamivir aqueous solution<br>* Zanamivir aqueous solution 10mg/mL is a clear, colorless, single use, sterile non-preserved preparation containing 10mg of zanamivir in each milliliter, and made isotonic with sodium chloride. It is presented in 20mL clear glass vials closed with rubber stoppers. Each vial contains 200mg of zanamivir.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of Participants With Any Adverse Event (AE) Considered to be Related to Study Treatment | An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. All AEs were assesed by the Investigateor as related or not related to the study treatment. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With Any Severe or Grade 3/4 AEs | An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. AEs that occured during the study were evaluated by the Investigator and graded according to the Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (DAIDS) table for grading the severity of adult and pediatric AEs. Grade 3=severe; Grade 4=potentially life threatening. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With Any Severe or Grade 3/4 Treatment-related AE | An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. AEs that occured during the study were evaluated by the Investigator and graded according to the DAIDS table for grading the severity of adult and pediatric AEs. Grade 3=severe; Grade 4=potentially life threatening. All AEs were assesed by the Investigateor as related or not related to the study treatment. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants Who Permanently Discontinued the Study Treatment Due to an AE | An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. | Up to 10 days | 
| Number of Participants Who Were Permanently Discontinued From the Study Due to an AE | An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Clinical Chemistry Values Relative to the Normal Range at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | Blood samples for laboratory assessments were collected at Baseline (Day [D] 1), Days 3 and 5, and on post-treatment +2 days (if hospitalized) and post-treatment +23 days. Clinical chemistry parameters included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), and creatinine. The number of participants with values that were high (H)/normal (N)/low (L) relative to the normal range at Baseline (D 1) and D 5 for the indicated clinical chemistry parameters are summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Hematology Values Relative to the Normal Range at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | Blood samples for laboratory assessments were collected at Baseline (Day [D] 1), Days 3 and 5, and on post-treatment +2 days (if hospitalized) and post-treatment +23 days. Hematology parameters included hemoglobin, total neutrophils (TN), and white blood cell (WBC) count. The number of participants with values that were high (H)/normal (N)/low (L) relative to the normal range at Baseline (D 1) and D 5 for the indicated hematology parameters are summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent (TE) Grade 3/4 Clinical Chemistry Toxicities | A toxicity was considered to be TE if it was greater than the Baseline grade, and if it had developed or increased post-Baseline in intensity (and prior to the last dose of investigational product). Clinical chemistry parameters included ALT, TB, and creatinine. Per the DAIDS table for grading the severity of adult and pediatric AEs, Grade 3=severe and Grade 4=potentially life threatening. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Treatment-emergent (TE) Grade 3/4 Hematology Toxicities | A toxicity was considered to be TE if it was greater than the Baseline grade, and if it had developed or increased post-Baseline in intensity (and prior to the last dose of investigational product). The hematology parameters included hemoglobin, TN, and WBC count. Per the DAIDS table for grading the severity of adult and pediatric AEs, Grade 3=severe and Grade 4=potentially life threatening. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Median Heart Rate at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | Heart rate was measured at Baseline (Day 1); Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; post-treatment +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days (assessments to be done if participant remained hospitalized), and +23 days. Heart rate was assessed once daily during inpatient or outpatient follow-up visits. Heart rate values at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 are summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Median Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | SBP and DBP were measured at Baseline (Day 1), Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; post-treatment +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days (assessments to be done if participant remained hospitalized), and +23 days. SBP and DBP were assessed once daily during inpatient or outpatient follow-up visits. SBP and DBP values at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 are summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Median Oxygen Saturation Measured Via Transcutaneous Oximetry (TCPO2) at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | TCPO2 is a noninvasive test that directly measures the oxygen level of tissue beneath the skin. Because oxygen is carried to tissues by blood flow in the arteries, TCPO2 is an indirect measure of blood flow. The percent (%) oxygen saturation was measured at Baseline (Day 1), Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; and post-treatment +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days (assessments to be done if participant remained hospitalized), and +23 days. Oxygen saturation was assessed once daily during inpatient follow-up visits. The median oxygen saturation values at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 are summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Median Respiration Rate at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | Respiration rate was measured at Baseline (Day 1), Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; and post-treatment +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days (assessments to be done if participant remained hospitalized), and +23 days. Respiration rate was assessed once daily during inpatient or outpatient follow-up visits. The median respiration rate at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 is summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Median Body Temperature at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | Body temperature was recorded at Baseline (Day 1), Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; and post-treatment +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days (assessments to be done if participant remained hospitalized), and +23 days. Body temperature was recorded once daily during inpatient or outpatient follow-up visits. Median body temperature at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 is summarized. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 
| Number of Participants Assessed as Normal/Abnormal (Clinically Significant [CS] and Not Clinically Significant [NCS]) for 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) at Baseline (Day 1) | The number of participants with an ECG status of normal and abnormal CS or NCS, as determined by the Investigator, is reported. Normal=all ECG parameters within the accepted normal ranges. Abnormal=ECG findings outside of normal ranges. CS=ECG with a CS abnormality that meets exclusion criteria. NCS=ECG with an abnormality that is not CS nor meets exclusion criteria, per Investigator, based on reasonable standards of clinical judgment. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Baseline (Day 1) | 
| Median Corrected QT Interval (QTc) for Heart Rate by Fridericia's Formula (QTcF) and Bazett's Formula (QTcB) at Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | Twelve-lead ECGs were recorded for the parameters of QTcF and QTcB. The first set of pre-dose ECG values at Baseline (Day 1) and the pre-dose ECG values at Day 5 are presented. Baseline is defined as the last pre-treatment value collected. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. Cohort 1 QTcF and QTcB minimum values of 0.0 were data entry errors that could not be addressed after Data Base Freeze. | Baseline (Day 1) and Day 5 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Median Time to Virologic Improvement | Time to virologic improvement is defined as a 2-log drop in viral load or undetectable viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) as measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal samples (PCR positive at Baseline). Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Median Change From Baseline (Influenza A or B Quantitative PCR, as Appropriate) in Viral Load at the Indicated Time Points | Change from Baseline in viral load was measured from nasopharyngeal swab samples, as determined by RT-PCR (PCR positive at Baseline). Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1); Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5, Day 7, and Day 10; and, only if the participants had continued symptoms and were hospitalized, post-treatment (PT) samples were collected at +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days, and +23 days. 'PT +23 days' also comprises viral load values at early study withdrawal. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. | Baseline (Day 1); Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10; and post-treatment +2, +5, +9, +16, +23 days | 
| Mean Viral Susceptibility to Zanamivir at Baseline (Day 1) and All Post-Baseline Visits Collectively | Viral susceptibility to zanamivir at Baseline and at all post-Baseline visits collectively was assessed by neuraminidase (NA) enzyme inhibition assay. The mean IC50 data are summarized by subtype (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B) and by visit. IC50 is defined as the concentration of zanamvir required to inhibit NA activity by 50%. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. Please note: pediatric data are pending and will be updated when available. | Baseline and up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent (TE) Mutations | Viral RNA isolated from participants at Baseline (Day 1) and post-Baseline visits were sequenced to determine the presence of TE neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) mutations resulting from selective pressure. A mutation was considered to be TE if it was not present at Baseline and was present in the last post-Baseline sample analyzed.These mutations were classified as either known to confer zanamvir resistance or novel mutations with unknown clinical significance. Please note: pediatric data are pending and will be updated when available. | Baseline and up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Median Time to Resolution of Individual Vital Signs | Times to return to afebrile status (normal body temperature), normal respiratory status, normal heart rate, and normal systolic blood pressure were assessed. Afebrile status is defined as a temperature <=36.6 axilla, <=37.2 oral, or <=37.7 rectal, core or typanic, degrees Centigrade. A return to normal respiratory status is defined as either: (a) return to pre-morbid oxygen requirement; or (b) return to no need for supplemental oxygen; or (c) respiratory rate <=60, <=40, <=34, <=30, <=24 or <=24 breaths/minute (without supplemental oxygen) for Cohorts 1-6 respectively . A normal HR is defined as <=160, <=150, <=140, <=120, <=100 or <=100 bpm for Cohorts 1-6 respectively, and a normal SBP is defined as >=70, >=74, >=76, >=80, >=90 or >=90 mmHg for Cohorts 1-6 respectively. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X, X, X, X, X in the category titles). | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Ventilation Status: Modality of Supplemental Oxygen Delivery and Mechanical Ventilation | Ventilation status was measured at Baseline (Day 1); Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; and post-treatment +2 days, +5 days, +9 days, +16 days (assessments to be done if participant remained hospitalized), and +23 days. Ventilation status was assessed once daily during inpatient follow-up visits. The number of participants reported for machine-assisted: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), endotracheal mechanical ventilation, and supplemental oxygen delivery (SOD) at any time (AT) on study and at Baseline (Day 1) are summarized. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Duration of Mechanical Ventilation and Supplemental Oxygen Use | Due to the conditional nature of data collection post treatment, the duration of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen use were not determined. | Up to discharge from the hospital | 
| Median Time to Return to Pre-morbid Functional Status | Time to return to pre-morbid functional status was assessed on a 3-point scale (bed rest, limited ambulation, or unrestricted). Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With the Indicated Mortality Status at Day 14 and Day 28 | The number of participants who died on or before Study Day 14 and Study Day 28 was summarized. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed. | Day 14 and Day 28 | 
| Median Time to Clinical Response (Sustained Resolution) of All Vital Signs (Composite) | Sustained resolution of the following vital signs (composite) was assessed: afebrile status, normal oxygen saturation, normal respiratory status, normal HR, and normal BP. Clinical response is defined as the resolution of at least four of five vital signs within the following resolution criteria, maintained for 24 hours or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first: Temperature in degrees Centigrade (<=36.6 axilla, <=37.2 oral, <=37.7 rectal, core or tympanic); oxygen saturation (>=95%, without supplemental oxygen); respiratory status (return to pre-morbid oxygen requirement, or no need for supplemental oxygen, or respiratory rate <=60, <=40, <=34, <=30, <=24 or <=24 breaths/minute without supplemental oxygen for Cohorts 1-6 respectively); HR (<=160, <=150, <=140, <=120, <=100 or <=100 bpm for Cohorts 1-6 respectively); SBP (>=70, >=74, >=76, >=80, >=90 or >=90 mmHg for Cohorts 1-6 respectively). Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants With Any AE Categorized as an Influenza Complication | An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Number of Participants Who Used Any Concomitant Antibiotic Medications for Complications of Influenza | Concomitant medications (prescription and non-prescription) were permitted during the course of the study at the Investigator's discretion (except for prohibited medications: during the treatment period with IV zanamivir, other influenza antiviral drugs were not permitted). The number of participants who were treated with antibiotics for influenza complications was summarized. | Up to post-treatment (PT) + 23 days | 
| Median Duration of Hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Stays | The duration of hospitalization (H) reflects the number of hospitalization days between the date of the first dose of investigational product and the date of discharge. ICU stay includes total duration in ICU and may include days in ICU before entry into the study. For participants with a missing discharge date who were not discharged at the end of the study, the date of discharge was imputed to the last follow-up visit (post-treatment +23 days). Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles). | Up to discharge from hospital | 
| Geometric Mean Maximum Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Zanamivir at the End of Infusion | The Cmax of zanamivir was evaluated at the end of infusion. Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were collected if possible in conjunction with the initial dose on Day 1 (5-7 serial samples) and over a dosing interval during repeat dosing on Days 3, 4, or 5 (5 serial samples). PK data for all participants with available blood samples were analyzed. PK data for those participants who were neither on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) nor on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), who were with CLcr >=80 mL/minutes (>=80mL/minute/1.73m^2 for cohorts 1-4) and who received an initial dose (ID) and a maintenance dose (MD) of 14 mg/kg (6 months to <6 years of age), 12 mg/kg, not to exceed 600 mg (6 to <18 years of age) or 600 mg zanamivir (>=18 years of age) (represented by n=X in the category titles) were summarized. NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. | Day 1 and Days 3, 4, or 5 | 
| Geometric Mean Area Under the Serum Drug Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Over a 12-hour Dosing Interval (AUC[0-tau]) and AUC Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC[0-inf]) of Zanamivir | The AUC(0-tau) during the repeat dose interval and AUC(0-inf) for the initial dose were evaluated. Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected if possible in conjunction with the initial dose on Day 1 (5-7 serial samples) and over a dosing interval during repeat dosing on Days 3, 4, or 5 (5 serial samples). PK data for all participants with available blood samples were analyzed. PK data for those participants with a CLcr >=80 mL/minutes (>=80 mL/minute/1.73m^2 for cohorts 1-4) and who received an ID and a MD of 14 mg/kg (6 months to <6 years of age), 12 mg/kg, not to exceed 600 mg (6 to <18 years of age) or 600 mg zanamivir (>=18 years of age) (represented by n=X in the category titles) were summarized. NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. | Day 1 and Days 3, 4, or 5 | 
| Geometric Mean Terminal Half Life (t1/2) of Zanamivir | The t1/2 of zanamivir was evaluated. Terminal half life is defined as the time it takes for a substance to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity. Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected if possible in conjunction with the initial dose on Day 1 (5-7 serial samples) and over a dosing interval during repeat dosing on Day 3, 4, or 5 (5 serial samples). PK data for all participants with available blood samples were analyzed. PK data for those participants with a CLcr>=80 mL/minutes (>=80 mL/minute/1.73m^2 for cohorts 1-4) and who received an ID and a MD of 14 mg/kg (6 months to <6 years of age), 12 mg/kg, not to exceed 600 mg (6 to <18 years of age) or 600 mg zanamivir (>=18 years of age) (represented by n=X in the category titles) were summarized. NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. | Day 1 and Days 3, 4, or 5 | 
| Geometric Mean Serum Clearance of Zanamivir | The serum clearance of zanamivir was evaluated. Clearance is defined as the volume of zanamivir per unit time eliminated from serum. Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected if possible in conjunction with the initial dose on Day 1 (5-7 serial samples) and over a dosing interval during repeat dosing on Days 3, 4, or 5 (5 serial samples). PK data for all participants with available blood samples were analyzed. PK data for those participants with a CLcr >=80 mL/minutes (>=80 mL/minute/1.73m^2 for cohorts 1-4) and who received an ID and a MD 14 mg/kg (6 months to <6 years of age), 12 mg/kg, not to exceed 600 mg (6 to <18 years of age) or 600 mg zanamivir (>=18 years of age) (represented by n=X in the category titles) were summarized. NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. | Day 1 and Days 3, 4, or 5 | 
| Geometric Mean Volume of Distribution (Vd) of Zanamivir | The Vd of zanamivir was evaluated. Volume of distribution is defined as the apparent volume in which zanamivir is distributed. Serial blood samples for PK analysis were collected if possible in conjunction with the initial dose on Day 1 (5-7 serial samples) and over a dosing interval during repeat dosing on Days 3, 4, or 5 (5 serial samples). PK data for all participants with available blood samples were analyzed. PK data for those participants with a CLcr >= 80 mL/minutes (>=80 mL/minute/1.73m^2 for cohorts 1-4) and who received an ID and a MD of 14 mg/kg (6 months to <6 years of age), 12 mg/kg, not to exceed 600 mg (6 to <18 years of age) or 600 mg zanamivir (>=18 years of age) (represented by n=X in the category titles) were summarized. NA indicates that data are not available/analysis was not performed. | Day 1 and Days 3, 4, or 5 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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pandemic, seasonal influenza, Influenza B virus, H1N1, zanamivir, Influenza A virus, H1N1 Subtype, Relenza, influenza, neuraminidase inhibitor