NMDA Modulation in Major Depressive Disorder in Late- Life

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and multi-factorial disorder. Most of the current antidepressants are based upon the monoamine hypothesis which cannot fully explain the etiology of depression. Many elderly patients have significant side effects after treatment with antidepressants which hamper the motivation for treatment and medication adherence. NMDA hypofunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. MDD in the elderly is often associated with cognitive deficits which are not necessarily recovered by current antidepressants. The NMDA receptor regulates synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognition. In our previous studies, cognitive improvement has been observed with treatment of NMDA enhancers. Therefore, this study will examine the efficacy and safety as well as cognitive function improvement of NMDAE in the treatment of MDD in the elderly by comparing with sertraline (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI]) and placebo. The investigator will enroll elderly patients with MDD for an 8-week treatment. All patients will be randomly assigned into three groups: NMDAE, sertraline, or placebo. The investigator will biweekly measure clinical performances. Cognitive functions will be assessed at baseline and at endpoint of treatment by a battery of tests. The investigator hypothesize that NMDAE can safely yield better efficacy than placebo and sertraline for elderly patients with MDD.

Official Title
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NMDA Modulation in Major Depressive Disorder in Late- Life

Conditions
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Depressive Disorder, Major

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: NMDA
* Drug: Sertraline
* Drug: Placebo - Cap


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Have a DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 1994) diagnosis of MDD 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score ≥ 18 Free of psychotropic drugs for at least 2 weeks Have a Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein, Folstein et al. 1975) score ≥ 20 Exclusion Criteria: Current substance abuse or history of substance dependence in the past 6 months Use of depot antipsychotics in the past 6 months History of epilepsy, head trauma, stroke or other serious medical or neurological illness Bipolar depression, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder Moderate-severe suicidal risks Severe cognitive impairment Initiating or stopping formal psychotherapy within six weeks prior to enrollment A history of poor response to SSRIs or other antidepressants A history of previously received electroconvulsive therapy A history of severe adverse reaction to SSRIs or other antidepressants Inability to follow protocol

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: NMDAE<br>An NMDA enhancer | Drug: NMDA<br>* Use of an NMDA enhancer for the treatment of MDD in late life<br>* Other names: NMDAE;|
| Active Comparator: SSRI<br>Sertraline | Drug: Sertraline<br>* Use of SSRI as an active comparator<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo<br>Placebo | Drug: Placebo - Cap<br>* Use of placebo as a comparator<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline of 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression | Assessment of depressive symptoms. The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression will be measured biweekly. | Week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 | 
| Change from baseline of Perceived Stress Scale | Assessment of stress and anxiety symptoms. The Perceived Stress Scale will be measured biweekly | Week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Drop out rate | The rate of drop out | Week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 | 
| Change from baseline of Geriatric Depression Scale | Assessment of geriatric depressive symptoms. The Geriatric Depression Scale will be measured biweekly | Week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 | 
| Clinical Global Impression | Assessment of global improvement | Week 2, 4, 6, 8 | 
| Cognitive function | A battery of tests to assess the cognitive function including speed of processing (category fluency) and verbal and nonverbal working memory | Week 0, 8 | 
| Change from baseline of Beck's Suicide Scale | Assessment of suicidal symptoms. The Beck's Suicide Scale will be measured biweekly | Week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 |