Testing Effect and Schizophrenia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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When people are tested on a previously learned material, they will latter remember it better even when compared to a condition where they can re-study it. This phenomenon is called retrieval practice and is supported by an extensive research literature mostly carried out in normal students. This paradigm begins to be used in cognitive remediation programs in patients suffering from memory difficulties. The objective of this study is to investigate whether retrieval practice is spared in patients with schizophrenia. If effective, this method could be used in cognitive remediation programs. Since episodic memory difficulties are supposed to be secondary to deficits in the initiation/elaboration of efficient encoding and retrieval strategies our hypothesis is that retrieval practice is spared in schizophrenia

Official Title
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Retrieval Practice in Patients With Schizophrenia : an Exploratory Study Using Word Pairs

Conditions
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Schizophrenia, Episodic Memory Deficits

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Retrieval practice effect using word pairs and cued recall tests with feedback


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: French is the native language, or acquired before 5 years old People must be able to understand and follow the trial instructions Specific inclusion criteria (for patients) : Diagnostic of schizophrenia, according to the DSM -5, clinically stable The treatment must remain unchanged during the trial Exclusion Criteria: Severe or acute cerebral disease Other actual psychiatric disorder Use of drugs with high anticholinergic effect Irregular use of benzodiazepines medication, or high dose of benzodiazepin (more than 2 mg of lorazepam per day or equivalent) Inappropriate use of drugs Specific exclusion criteria (for healthy subjects) : - Diagnostic of schizophrenia of a relative up to the third degree

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Patients with schizophrenia<br> | Behavioral: Retrieval practice effect using word pairs and cued recall tests with feedback<br>* In the first phase (encoding), people study a list of 48 word pairs non semantically associated. Then (initial test), they recall half of word pairs or restudy the other half. In the second phase (final test) which takes place 2 days later, they recall all the 48 the word pairs.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Healthy subjects<br> | Behavioral: Retrieval practice effect using word pairs and cued recall tests with feedback<br>* In the first phase (encoding), people study a list of 48 word pairs non semantically associated. Then (initial test), they recall half of word pairs or restudy the other half. In the second phase (final test) which takes place 2 days later, they recall all the 48 the word pairs.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Number of word pairs properly recalled | - The aim is to investigate the retrieval practice effect using word pairs and cued recall tests with feedback in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. In the first phase (encoding), people study a list of 48 word pairs non semantically associated, then half of the pairs are presented in its completed form for two times, and for the other half the two subsequent re-exposure trials are framed as cued recall tests (the first word is presented and the subject has to remember and give orally the second word, and a feedback is given). In the second phase (final test) which takes place 2 days later, all the 48 word pairs are presented as a cued recall test. - We will compare in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls final performance recall for information studied and recalled (test condition) to those for information studied and then re-studied (re-study condition). | Final test : 2 days after the first experimental session | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference between final performance recall and memory span score | In each group (patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls) : Difference between the final performance recall (see primary outcome measure) in test condition and re-study condition AND memory span score. | Final test : 2 days after the first experimental session | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Schizophrenia, Episodic memory deficits