Vestibular Rehabilitation Verses Virtual Reality on Dizziness, Balance and Gait in Subacute Stroke

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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There is paucity of literature in studying the comparative effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation and Virtual Reality. This study will determine the effects of these interventions on dizziness, balance and gait. This study will also deduce the role of vestibular rehabilitation and Virtual reality in subacute stroke patients

Detailed Description
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Stroke is defined as rapidly developing clinical signs of focal disturbance of cerebral function that lasts more than 24 hours or leading to death. It arises from vascular causes such as cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke refers to any damage to the brain due to abnormality of blood supply. Stroke patients have difficulty in maintaining balance and postural control because they have asymmetric posture, abnormal body imbalance and difficulty in weight transfer. Balance is required to maintain posture, to respond to voluntary movements and react to external perturbations. Because of the balance disorders, compensatory movements occur in stroke patients which causes them to consume more energy compared to healthy subjects and causes the development of inefficient walking pattern. Gait function determines the degree of physical ability of post-stroke patients and their ability to perform independent mobility during activities of daily living (ADL). Stroke patients acquire compensatory abnormal walking pattern as a result of muscular weakness and inability to maintain balance. Virtual reality rehabilitation systems provide direct sensorial feedback to which a person can respond and interact with environment. VR environments are commonly used in treating, training, and rehabilitation of stroke patients. In virtual reality rehabilitation, the patient moves and performs predetermined tasks as if he is performing the actions in reality. According to a study conducted by Hyung Young Lee, Virtual reality-based training has been used as therapeutic intervention for functional recovery of stroke patients. It provides a variety of environments based on the requirements of patients that can be selected for recovery. According to a study conducted by Yurong Mao, Virtual reality balance training provides more realistic proprioceptive and visual input and improves balance and gait function effectively. Virtual reality balance games can be used as an effective tool to train patients with balance dysfunction. Literature describes Virtual Reality training is effective in improving dynamic balance control and preventing falls in subacute stroke patients. Virtual reality training provides stroke patients with planned and consistent exercises to improve balance and gait by giving visual feedback to directly adjust their wrong weight center and shift visually. Its reported that Vestibular rehabilitation is frequently used treatment for dizziness and balance problems. Vestibular Rehabilitation is a combination of different exercise components with an aim to improve gaze stability, balance and gait and facilitate somatosensory integration. It is used in treatment of stroke patients to improve dynamic balance by acting on the vestibular system, thus facilitating recovery. A study indicated that, the main components of vestibular rehabilitation are gaze stabilization exercises to help adapt the VOR function and balance exercises to retrain the vestibulospinal reflex function. Thus, simultaneously measuring changes in the VOR function and gait performance before and after intervention will provide valuable information for rehabilitation. Vestibular system plays a phase dependent role in gait and is active at certain points in the gait cycle including double support, changing direction, and step termination. VRT is patient dependent and progression of the exercises depends upon individual patient's sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional aspects.

Official Title
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Comparison of Vestibular Rehabilitation With Virtual Reality on Dizziness, Balance and Gait in Subacute Stroke Patients

Conditions
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Vestibular Rehabilitation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: vestibular Training Group
* Other: Virtual Reality Group


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: • Subacute stroke patients. 1 to 6 months Both male and female subacute stroke patients with age 40-70 years. Patients with positive Head Thrust Test. Patients with Vestibular Disorders. Modified Rankin scale score 1-4 Score >25 on MMSE Exclusion Criteria: • Patients presented with neurological condition unrelated to stroke. Patients that cannot provide informed consent for study participation.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 40 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Vestibular Training Group<br>This Group will receive vestibular Adaptation and Balance exercises | Other: vestibular Training Group<br>* this Group will receive vestibular Adaptation & Balance exercises<br>|
| Active Comparator: Virtual Reality Group<br>This Group will receive virtual reality training by using exergaming. | Other: Virtual Reality Group<br>* This Group will receive Virtual Reality Training by using exergaming.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Timed up and Go test (TUG): | Timed Up and Go test (TUG) is used to assess balance and mobility in patients with stroke. An older adult who takes ≥12 seconds to complete the TUG is at risk for falling. | Change from Baseline mobility and balance to 8 Weeks | 
| Dynamic Gait Index: | DGI quantifies the dynamic balance instability and is a performance based tool. It evaluates the ability of the individual to modify gait in response to changing functions during walking. Its total score is 24. | Change from Baseline gait and balance to 8 Weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dizziness Handicap Inventory | The Dizziness Handicap Inventory measures the self-perceived level of handicap associated with the symptom of dizziness. Its total score is 100 | Change from Baseline dizziness and balance to 8 Weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Dizziness, balance, Subacute stroke