Efficacy of Antibiotic Short Course for Bloodstream Infections in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients With Febrile Neutropenia

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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There is no specific recommendation about antimicrobial treatment length for documented infections in chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia. The aim of this study was to compare long versus short antibiotic course for bloodstream infection treatment in acute myeloid leukemia patients during febrile neutropenia. This monocentric retrospective comparative study included all consecutive bloodstream infection episodes among acute myeloid leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia for 3 years (2017-2019). Episodes were classified regarding the length of antibiotic treatment, considered as short course if the treatment lasted ≤7 days, except for nonfermenting bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus or lugdunensis for which the threshold was ≤10 days and ≤14 days, respectively. The primary outcome was the number of bloodstream infection relapses in both groups within 30 days of antibiotic discontinuation.

Official Title
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Efficacy of Antibiotic Short Course for Bloodstream Infections in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients With Febrile Neutropenia: a Retrospective Comparative Study

Conditions
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Bloodstream Infection, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Febrile Neutropenia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Antibiotic


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Acute myeloid leukemia chemo-induced febrile neutropenia Bloodstream infection Exclusion Criteria: lack of data endovascular infections surgical treatment required central nervous system infections antibiotic treatment < 4 days death before the end of antibiotic treatment unappropriated antibiotic treatment at 48h relapses of bloodstream infection episodes already included hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Short course treatment<br>Patients who received antibiotic for 7 or less days, except for nonfermenting bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus or lugdunensis for which the threshold was 10 days and 14 days, respectively. | Drug: Antibiotic<br>* Antibiotic duration of treatment defined if the patient belonged to long course or short course group.<br>|
| Long course treatment<br>Patients who received antibiotic for more than 7 days, except for nonfermenting bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus or lugdunensis for which the threshold was 10 days and 14 days, respectively. | Drug: Antibiotic<br>* Antibiotic duration of treatment defined if the patient belonged to long course or short course group.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bloodstream infection relapses | The primary outcome was to compare the number of bloodstream infection relapses in both groups within 30 days of antibiotic discontinuation. | within 30 days of antibiotic discontinuation | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mortality | Comparison of mortality rate within 30 days of antibiotic discontinuation | within 30 days of antibiotic discontinuation | 
| Epidemiology of bacteria | Distribution of bacteria responsible for bloodstream infection | at baseline | 
| Risk factors for relapses | Analyse of risk factors for bloodstream infection relapses | within 30 days of antibiotic discontinuation | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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antibiotic short course, appropriate use of antibiotics