Efficacy of a Positive Psychology Intervention Through a Mobile App

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of several variations of an already validated Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) called Best Possible Self in not flourishing population. This will be done through a mobile app specially designed for this aim. Concretely, the design will permit to compare the classic intervention (BPS Future), a new variation (BPS Past), and a combination of both components (BPS Past+Future). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions, in which they will practice the intervention for two weeks: BPS-PAST + BPS FUT condition: Participants will practice BPS Past for one week, and then they will switch to BPS future for another week. BPS-FUT condition: Participants will practice BPS Future for two weeks. CONTROL condition: Participants will practice DAILY ACTIVITIES for two weeks.

Detailed Description
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The design will permit two comparisons: After the first week of the intervention, participants will answer the assessment. It will permit to compare BPS PAST, BPS FUTURE and CONTROL conditions (pre-post). After the second week, participants will answer the assessment and then it will be possible to compare BPS PAST + BPS FUTURE combination, BPS FUTURE, and CONTROL conditions.

Official Title
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Efficacy of a Positive Psychology Intervention Through a Mobile App: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Conditions
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Not Flourishing Population

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: BPS PAST
* Behavioral: BPS FUT
* Behavioral: DAILY ACTIVITIES


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Participants must be 18 years old or older. Participants must be willing to participate in the study. Participants must have a smartphone (Android or Ios). Exclusion Criteria: To suffer from moderate depression or anxiety (scores of 11 or higher) measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). To have Flourishing mental health measured by the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF; Keyes, 2009)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: BPS PAST + BPS FUT<br>Participants practice BPS PAST the first week, then they switch fot BPS FUT. | Behavioral: BPS PAST<br>* Participants think about themselves in a past when they displayed their best self. Then, they visualize this with the help of audio instructions. They will practice within a mobile app.<br>Behavioral: BPS FUT<br>* Participants think about themselves in the future after everything has gone as well as it possibly could. Then, they visualize this with the help of audio instructions. They will practice within a mobile app.<br>|
| Experimental: BPS FUT<br>Participants practice BPS FUT during the two weeks. | Behavioral: BPS FUT<br>* Participants think about themselves in the future after everything has gone as well as it possibly could. Then, they visualize this with the help of audio instructions. They will practice within a mobile app.<br>|
| Active Comparator: CONTROL<br>Participants practice DAILY ACTIVITIES for the two weeks. | Behavioral: DAILY ACTIVITIES<br>* Participants think about the activities they did during the last 24 hours. Then, they visualize this with the help of audio instructions. They will practice within a mobile app.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change of Positive and Negative Affect from baseline to post-intervention | Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) | Change from pre-intervention to post-intervention (2 weeks) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wellbeing | The Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF; Keyes, 2009) | Change from pre-intervention to post-intervention (2 weeks) | 
| Optimism | Life Orientation Test (LOT-R; Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994). | Change from pre-intervention to post-intervention (2 weeks) | 
| Satisfaction with life | Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS; Pavot, Diener & Suh, 1998). | Change from pre-intervention to post-intervention (2 weeks) | 
| Self-efficacy | New General Self-efficacy Scale (NGSES; Chen, Gully & Eden, 2001). | Change from pre-intervention to post-intervention (2 weeks) |