Trial of Toothpaste to Reduce Plaque and Inflammation

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Dental plaque causes caries and periodontal disease and data are sparse about toothpaste and plaque removal. Inflammation, caused by dental plaque, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. (CVD) The availability of (Plaque HD (TM), a plaque identifying toothpaste with targetol technology (TM)), afforded the unique opportunity to test whether there were statistically significant and clinically important reductions in plaque and inflammation in a randomized trial of apparently healthy individuals.

Detailed Description
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The protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Illinois and the trial was posted on ClinicalTrials.gov. We screened all potentially eligible subjects from the Medical District of the University of Illinois which includes the Colleges of Dentistry, Medicine, Public Health and Pharmacy. All willing and eligible subjects signed informed consent forms and were instructed to refrain from brushing or flossing teeth, using any oral hygiene aids (such as mouthwash or chewing gum) the evening prior to and the morning of the data collection appointment. All subjects were be asked to complete the following procedures: Rinse for 10 seconds with 25 mL of phosphate buffer Rinse for 1 minute with 5.0 mL of 1240-ppm fluorescein in phosphate buffer Rinse 3 times (for 10 seconds) with 25mL of phosphate buffer Be positioned on a tripod chin rest 15 inches in front of the camera, retraction placed and intraoral images captured under UV LED light imaging. Provide a blood sample for hs-CRP. Use a 30 day supply of their assigned toothpaste and were instructed to follow the same brushing protocol for the entire month as well as a brushing diary to assist in recording daily participation. The identical procedures were repeated at the 30 day follow up visit.. In addition, the Plaque HD group was instructed to brush in front of a mirror for 1 minute and to concentrate on removing all visible dye. The placebo group was asked to brush their teeth for 1 minute in front of a mirror, using the provided manual toothbrush. .

Official Title
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A Randomized Trial of Plaque Identifying Toothpaste on Reduction of Plaque and Inflammation

Conditions
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Plaque, Inflammation

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Plaque identifying toothpaste
* Other: Non-plaque identifying toothpaste


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: The inclusion criteria were as follows: Apparently healthy men and women age 19-45 with no history of CVD All 12 anterior teeth present (canine to canine in both upper and lower arches) English speaking Ability to commit to two 30 minute appointments These appointment must be 1 month apart) Exclusion Criteria: • Student, faculty or staff with a clinical role at the University of Illinois College of Dentistry Individuals taking aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or statins. Women who are pregnant or nursing Women taking birth control pills or using any hormone released birth control device Women on hormone replacement therapy Individuals who have taken antibiotics within two weeks of data collection appointment Individuals experiencing xerostomia Individuals who have experienced an illness, infection or tissue injury within two weeks of data collection appointment Individuals with arthritis, lupus or other chronic inflammatory conditions or syndromes Individuals with allergies to dyes or over the counter products Individuals who have missing anterior teeth, fixed or removable appliances or visible decay or staining in the anterior region (canine to canine in both upper and lower arches) Individuals whom have had a dental prophylaxis within 30 days of the data collection visit Individuals who have had a new restoration placed (anywhere in the oral cavity) within 30 days of the data collection visit

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 19 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Plaque identifying toothpaste<br>A 30 day supply of daily syringes containing a plaque identifying toothpaste with targetol | Other: Plaque identifying toothpaste<br>* Plaque identifying toothpaste with targetol<br>|
| Active Comparator: Non-plaque identifying toothpaste<br>A 30 day supply of daily syringes containing an identical non plaque identifying toothpaste without targetol | Other: Non-plaque identifying toothpaste<br>* Non-plaque identifying toothpaste without targetol<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Oral Plaque | Measure description percentage refers to the change in plaque percentage from the baseline to the follow-up visit. The follow-up visit occurred between 30 and 60 days post baseline. | Baseline to 30 - 60 days post baseline | 
| Change in Hs-CRP Serum Level | Measure description mg/L refers to the change in hs-CRP per mg/L from the baseline to the follow-up visit. The follow-up visit occurred between 30 and 60 days post baseline. | Baseline to 30 - 60 days post baseline | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Oral Plaque - PSS Analysis | Measure description percentage refers to the change in plaque percentage from the baseline to the follow-up visit. The follow-up visit occurred between 30 and 60 days post baseline for the Pre-Specified Subgroup (PSS). | Baseline to 30-60 days post | 
| Change in Inflammation - PSS Analysis | Measure description mg/L refers to the change in hs-CRP per mg/L from the baseline to the follow-up visit. The follow-up visit occurred between 30 and 60 days post baseline. -PSS analysis | Baseline to 30-60 days post | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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plaque identifying toothpaste, plaque score, C-reactive protein