Plasma SCFAs After Fermentable Cereal Fibres - A Postprandial Study

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Circulating SCFAs reflect the net effect of what is produced in the large intestine from dietary fibre fermentation, bioavailability after considerable absorption by the enterocytes and in the liver and the elimination. It is yet unclear to what extent SCFA levels in systemic circulation is of importance for metabolic disease risk and diabetes aetiology. Recent high-impact studies strongly suggest beneficial metabolic effects of butyrate and adverse effects from propionate However, no study has yet investigated to what extent butyrate or propionate producing diets may influence metabolic risk factors for T2D across individuals with different butyrate or propionate producing capacity. The overall aim is to investigate individual's ability to generate high concentrations of butyrate and propionate in plasma after acute intake of different fibre rich foods in an extended postprandial setting. The aim is further to optimize time points for data collection to allow robust assessment of plasma-time concentration profiles of butyrate and propionate to establish a screening approach to identify individuals with high/low butyrate/propionate plasma concentrations. This will be used in later precision nutrition studies where diet will be tailored to high/low SCFA-metabotypes.

Official Title
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Short-chain Fatty Acids in Plasma After Intake of Fermentable Cereal Fibres- An Extended Postprandial Study

Conditions
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Overweight and Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Breakfast Control Meal
* Other: Breakfast Test Meal
* Other: Breakfast Test Meal


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Body mass index (BMI) 20-35 kg/m2 Waist circumference >102 cm (males) or 88 cm (females) Haemoglobin, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or triglycerides within the normal reference ranges (age and sex specific) according to the laboratory analysing the screening samples. Willing to collect faecal samples at home and store them in their household freezer Exclusion Criteria: Blood donation or participation in a clinical study with blood sampling within 30 days prior to screening visit and throughout the study Having been treated with antibiotics within the past 3 months or planning to undergo treatment during the study period. Diastolic blood pressure ³ 105 mm Hg at visit 1 Systolic blood pressure ³ 160 mm at visit 1 History of stomach or gastrointestinal conditions (Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, malabsorption etc.) More than 10 hours physical activity per week History of heart failure or heart attack within 1 year prior to screening Having type I and type 2 diabetes Previous gastrointestinal surgery (e.g., gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, bowel resection, colostomy etc.), with the exception of minor surgeries such removal of appendix or gall bladder at least 6 months prior to screening. Thyroid disorder not controlled by drug therapy History of drug or alcohol abuse Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 1 year prior to screening Consumption of drugs aimed at weight management or drugs affecting body weight to a degree that is considered unsuitable for study participation by responsible physician. Pregnant, lactation or planning a pregnancy within the timeframe of the study. Pregnancy must have ended at least 6 months prior to screening, and lactation must have ended at least 1 month prior to screening. Food allergies or intolerances preventing consumption of any products included in the study Strict vegetarian/vegan (participants must be able to consume the standardized meals used in the study)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Extruded puff with vitacel<br>The participants consumed a portion of extruded puff with added vitacel (cellulose) contained 11 g of fiber, in the context of a breakfast meal | Other: Breakfast Control Meal<br>* The participants consumed extruded puff with added vitacel (cellulose) as part of the breakfast meal (400 kcal, 12 g fiber) followed by consumption of standardised meal at lunch and dinner . The lunch and dinner did noft contain any intervention products. Blood samples were collected at 14 timepoints drawn (first sample 15 minutes before breakfast, last sample 24 hours after breakfast), during 6 hours after the test breakfast meal and during other 2 hours after standardised lunch.<br>* Other names: Breakfast Meal with vitacel puff;|
| Experimental: AX bread<br>Participants consumed a portion of bread enriched with arabynoxylans (AX) contained 11 g of fiber, in the context of a breakfast meal | Other: Breakfast Test Meal<br>* The participants consumed bread with added arabynoxylans (AX) as part of the breakfast meal (400 kcal, 12 g fiber) followed by consumption of standardised meal at lunch and dinner . The lunch and dinner did noft contain any intervention products. Blood samples were collected at 14 timepoints drawn (first sample 15 minutes before breakfast, last sample 24 hours after breakfast), during 6 hours after the test breakfast meal and during other 2 hours after standardised lunch.<br>* Other names: Breakfast Meal with AX bread;|
| Experimental: Wheat bran puff<br>Participants consumed a portion of wheat bran puff contained 11 g of fiber, in the context of a breakfast meal | Other: Breakfast Test Meal<br>* The participants consumed extruded puff with added wheat bran as part of the breakfast meal (400 kcal, 12 g fiber) followed by consumption of standardised meal at lunch and dinner . The lunch and dinner did noft contain any intervention products. Blood samples were collected at 14 timepoints drawn (first sample 15 minutes before breakfast, last sample 24 hours after breakfast), during 6 hours after the test breakfast meal and during other 2 hours after standardised lunch.<br>* Other names: Breakfast Meal with extruded puff with added wheat bran;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Differences in plasma propionate and butyrate concentration | Differences in plasma SCFA concentration- time profiles , with emphasis on butyrate and propionate concentrations after intake of the breakfast meals cointaned the same amount of different fibre sources (wheat bran puff and Arabynoxylans bread) compared to control fiber (extruded vitacel puff). Plasma SCFAs concentration was evaluated by LC-MS analysis | 24 hours | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Effects of the different fibres sources on plasma glucose | Differences in postprandial plasma glucose concentrations after intake of the breakfast meals cointaned the same amount of different fibre sources (wheat bran puff and Arabynoxylans bread) compared to control fiber (extruded vitacel puff). Plasma glucose concentration was measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods | 24 hours | 
| Effects of the different fibres sources on plasma insulin | Differences in postprandial plasma insulin concentrations after intake of the breakfast meals cointaned the same amount of different fibre sources (wheat bran puff and Arabynoxylans bread) compared to control fiber (extruded vitacel puff). Plasma insulin concentration was measured by ELISA method | 24 hours | 
| Effects of the different fibres sources on plasma free fatty acids | Differences in postprandial plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations after intake of the breakfast meals cointaned the same amount of different fibre sources (wheat bran puff and Arabynoxylans bread) compared to control fiber (extruded vitacel puff). Plasma FFA concentration was measured by enzymatic colorimetric method | 24 hours | 
| Effects of the different fibres sources on plasma GLP-1 | Differences in postprandial plasma glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) concentrations after intake of the breakfast meals cointaned the same amount of different fibre sources (wheat bran puff and Arabynoxylans bread) compared to control fiber (extruded vitacel puff). Plasma GLP1 concentration was measured by ELISA method | 24 hours | 
| Gut microbiota composition | Analysis of the gut microbiota composition from faecal samples collected at fasting before the intake of the breakfast meals cointaned the same amount of different fibre sources (wheat bran puff and Arabynoxylans bread) compared to control fiber (extruded vitacel puff). Faecal microbiota composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing. | 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dietary fiber, short chain fatty acids, butyrate, propionate, gut microbiota, glucose metabolism