The Effect of Topical Brimonidine on the Ocular Hemodynamics in Patients of POAG Using OCTA

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Topical Brimonidine is a well-established topical antigalucoma, ocular hypotensive therapeutic that has been in use since 1996. Brimonidine stands out among other topical ocular hypotensives in that it has a neuroprotective effect that is independent of IOP reduction. This has been demonstrated in multiple animal and human controlled studies both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanisms proposed so far to account for this neuroprotection focus mainly on molecular level antiapoptotic effects and modulation of some excitatory stimuli like glutamate. In this study we try to test the hypothesis that a positive hemodynamic profile of Brimonidine on ocular blood flow may be responsible at least in part for its unique neuroprotective effects.

Detailed Description
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Study Design: A prospective, longitudinal, interventional, uncontrolled study Participants: primary open angle glaucoma patients recruited during the period of study from the fayoum university hospital ophthalmic outpatient clinic. Methods: Primary open angle glaucoma patients that are Brimonidine naiive and at the same time either medication naiive or have been on a fixed antiglaucoma medication for at least a month prior will be commenced on Brimonidine 0.2% bid with prior baseline imaging by OCT angiography (Optovue) of macula 6*6 mm and ONH 4.5*4.5 mm. After commencing Brimonidine patients will be followed up by OCT angiography at three visits assigned for 1,2,3 months after commencing Brimonidine. Every time the patient is imaged by OCT, imaging is done twice, once in a seated position at presentation and another- also in a seated position-, but after a protocol of right recumbency for 30 minutes in order to produce a postural position change as a vascular stress test to assess autoregulatory capacity of ocular and systemic circulation. At each visit, IOP and arterial blood pressure are measured both in the seated position and after the 30-minute recumbency protocol in order to mathematically calculate the mean ocular perfusion pressure that will be correlated with OCT angiography data including vascular density, as well as indirect parameters of blood flow. Data will be statistically analysed using the SPSS software.

Official Title
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The Effect of Topical Brimonidine on the Hemodynamics of the Optic Nerve Head and Retinochoroidal Circulation in Patients of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Conditions
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Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle, Ocular Blood Flow, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% ophthalmic solution


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Primary open angle glaucoma patients. Brimonidine naiive. Medication naiive or on a fixed antiglaucoma medication for at least a month prior to commencing Brimonidine. Exclusion Criteria: Glaucomas other than primary open angle glaucoma. Other comorbid diseses both ocular and systemic that might confound the density and flow measurements ( hypertension, diabetes, vasculitis, MacTel, Uveitis) Comorbid diseases that constitute relative or absolute contraindication to Brimonidine ( pregnancy, lactation, bronchial asthma, cardiovascular diseases) Prior use of Brimonidine. A change in the glaucoma medication regimen within Less than one month at time of presentation. Allergy to Brimonidine or related compounds.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 25 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: A longitudinal, prospective, interventional, uncontrolled study
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Topical Brimonidine 0.2% bid ophthalmic solution<br>Topical Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% ophthalmic solution used twice daily. It is a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist that is used as an ocular hypotensive in glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients and has proposed neuroprotective effect. | Drug: Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% ophthalmic solution<br>* Topical Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% bid ophthalmic solution. A selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist with ocular hypotensive and neuroprotective properties used in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in macular and peripapillary vascular densities | The vascular density measured by optical coherence tomography angiography represents the percentage area of flow-positive regions compared to the whole imaged area. Measured densities include (superficial and deep vascular densities) both of the macular area as well as radial peripapillary capillary density of the parapapillary area. | At baseline before Brimonidine and 1,2,3 months thereafter. | 
| Change in macular and peripapillary flow indices | An arbitrary flow index will be indirectly calculated using the density data of optical coherence tomography angiography, intraocular pressure and arterial blood pressure measurements. | At baseline before Brimonidine and 1,2,3 months thereafter. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in intraocular pressure | Comparing intraocular pressure measurements at baseline with those on subsequent visits. | At baseline before Brimonidine and 1,2,3 months thereafter. | 
| Change in vascular autoregulatory capacity | Assessing both systemic as well as ocular vascular autoregulatory capacity making use of the 30-minute recumbency protocol as a vascular stress test. | At baseline before Brimonidine and 1,2,3 months thereafter. |