Nutrition Education for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Spinal Cord Injury

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This is a randomized controlled trial to study a nutrition education intervention in individuals with spinal cord injuries both in the acute rehabilitation setting (n = 100) and the community setting (n = 100). Participants in the treatment group will receive six interactive nutrition lectures based upon a successful program that has been used in older adults titled Eat Smart, Stay Well. The goals of intervention are to improve whole-grain, fruit and vegetable, and low-fat dairy intake and reduce fat and saturated fat intake. Secondary outcomes will include improvements in waist circumference of body mass index and some biomarkers such as cholesterol and blood sugar.

Detailed Description
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The prevalence of SCI is significant. Obesity, diabetes, and CVD are more prevalent in the SCI population. Many individuals with SCI are unable or have a limited capacity to exercise. This reality makes good nutrition even more urgent. This study will be the first to test whether additional nutrition education can improve nutrition behavior and knowledge, diet quality, adiposity, and metabolic CVD risk factors in individuals with SCI and to determine the best setting to deliver nutrition education to individuals with SCI.

Official Title
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Nutrition Education for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

Conditions
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Spinal Cord Injury

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Control
* Behavioral: Eat Smart, Live Better


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: American Spinal Injury Association classification A, B, C as long as they are not functional ambulators Exclusion Criteria: Stage III or IV pressure ulcers, pregnancy, end-stage renal disease, treatment for cancer except for nonmelanoma skin cancer within the past five years, and chronic, nontobacco substance-abuse, cognitive impairment with inability to learn

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Control<br>Control group will receive standard of care | Behavioral: Control<br>* Participants in the control group will receive the standard nutrition lecture currently given at Carolinas Rehabilitation to all inpatients with spinal cord injuries. This one lecture is what is required by Commission on Accreditation for Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)<br>|
| Experimental: Treatment<br>Participants in the treatment group will receive six interactive nutrition lectures over the course of three weeks. The treatment program is titled Eat Smart, Live Better | Behavioral: Eat Smart, Live Better<br>* Intervention participants will participate in a series of six, 60-minute small group sessions of interactive nutrition education discussions led by a Registered Dietitian delivered over 3 weeks. They will also have one follow-up comprehensive nutrition education session approximately 3 months after receipt of the Eat Smart, Live Better curriculum. In order to help us assess the effectiveness of the nutrition education program, we will assess nutrition behavior and knowledge at this time as well. Community participants in the treatment group will attend the sessions at Carolinas Rehabilitation (CR). The control participants from the community will come to CR for the one standard nutrition lecture. Caregivers and spouses of all of the participants will be encouraged to attend the sessions.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nutrition Behavior and Knowledge, measured by Likert scale | Nutrition behavior will be recorded from two five point Likert scale questions ranging from 1 = not practicing the behavior to 5 = practicing it regularly. Questions are related to eating fruits and vegetables and to decreasing fat intake. The recorded scores for these questions will be pooled for nutrition behavior and range from 2 = very low to 10 = very high. | Change from baseline at three months, and 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body Mass Index | participants will be weighed and measured and BMI calculated | Baseline and 12 months | 
| Waist Circumference |  | Baseline and 12 months | 
| Laboratories - Fasting lipid panel | Fasting lipid panel | Baseline and 12 months | 
| Laboratories - Fasting blood glucose | Fasting blood glucose | Baseline and 12 months | 
| Laboratories - High Sensitivity C-reactive protein | High Sensitivity C-reactive protein | Baseline and 12 months | 
| Diet quality as measured by Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) II | The Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) II will be administered. Each participant will be assessed for fruit, vegetable, dairy, whole-grain, lean protein, fat, and saturated fat intake. Intake for each food group will also be checked for compliance with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. | Baseline and 12 months |