Parents as Friendship Coaches for Children With ADHD

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Many children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have problems with making and keeping friends. The current study compared the efficacy of two 10-week behavioral interventions for improving the friendships of children with this disorder. Participants were children ages 6-11 with ADHD and their families, who were experiencing friendship problems. Outcome measures assessed friendship quality and friendship behaviors at baseline (pre-treatment), post-treatment, and 8-month follow-up.

Official Title
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Parents as Friendship Coaches for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Conditions
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ADHD

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Parental Friendship Coaching
* Behavioral: Coping with ADHD through Relationships and Education


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Children who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD Children who are have peer relationship problems Exclusion Criteria: Children with autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, or active suicidality (requires other interventions Children with intellectual disability (may not benefit from the interventions offered) Children who are not on a stable dose of medication (this treatment may affect outcome measures) Children who are receiving other behavioral treatment or treatment for social problems (these other treatments may affect outcome measures).

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 6 Years
Maximum Age: 11 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two interventions: Parental Friendship Coaching (PFC) or Coping with ADHD through Relationships and Education (CARE)
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Parental Friendship Coaching (PFC)<br> | Behavioral: Parental Friendship Coaching<br>* In this condition, therapists instructed parents in ways to coach their children to display better friendship behaviors using skills teaching, role play, active practice, and homework. This is a 10 week group intervention.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Coping with ADHD through Relationships and Education (CARE)<br> | Behavioral: Coping with ADHD through Relationships and Education<br>* In this condition, the therapist provided parents with psychoeducation about ADHD and friendship difficulties, and encouraged them to apply this information to their child and to support one another with tips about how to address these problems. This is a 10 week group intervention.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Quality - Questionnaires | Measures of positive and negative relationship quality with a friend, as reported by informants (adults, children) on the Friendship Quality Questionnaire | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to post-treatment (approximately 4 months after baseline) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Quality - Questionnaires | Measures of positive and negative relationship quality with a friend, as reported by informants (adults, children) on the Friendship Quality Questionnaire | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to follow-up (approximately 12 months after baseline, and 4 months after post-treatment) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Quality - Observations | Measures of positive and negative relationship quality with a friend, as observed in a lab-based interaction | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to post-treatment (approximately 4 months after baseline) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Quality - Observations | Measures of positive and negative relationship quality with a friend, as observed in a lab-based interaction | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to follow-up (approximately 12 months after baseline, and 4 months after post-treatment) | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Behaviors- Questionnaires | Measures of positive and negative behaviors with a friend, as reported by parents on the Quality of Play Questionnaire | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to post-treatment (approximately 4 months after baseline) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Behaviors- Questionnaires | Measures of positive and negative behaviors with a friend, as reported by parents on the Quality of Play Questionnaire | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to follow-up (approximately 12 months after baseline, and 4 months after post-treatment) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Behaviors- Questionnaires | Measures of positive and negative behaviors with a friend, as reported by parents and teachers on the Social Skills Informant System | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to post-treatment (approximately 4 months after baseline) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Behaviors- Questionnaires | Measures of positive and negative behaviors with a friend, as reported by parents and teachers on the Social Skills Informant System | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to follow-up (approximately 12 months after baseline, and 4 months after post-treatment) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Behaviors- Observations | Measures of positive and negative behaviors with a friend, as observed in a lab-based interaction | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to post-treatment (approximately 4 months after baseline) | 
| Change in Positive and Negative Friendship Behaviors- Observations | Measures of positive and negative behaviors with a friend, as observed in a lab-based interaction | change from baseline (pre-treatment) to follow-up (approximately 12 months after baseline, and 4 months after post-treatment) | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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friendship