Eccentric Exercise and Oxidative Stress

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of the present investigation is to compare the responses and adaptations of young and elderly individuals to repeated eccentric exercise in regards to muscle function and redox homeostasis in a side-by-side comparison.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Despite the progress of analytic techniques and the refinement of study designs, striking disagreement exists among studies regarding the influence of exercise on muscle function and redox homeostasis in the elderly. A specific exercise protocol will be applied (the repeated eccentric model) to produce long-lasting and extensive changes in redox biomarkers and to examine more easily the potential effects of aging. Ten young men and ten elderly men will underwent an isokinetic eccentric exercise session, which will be repeated after three weeks. Muscle function indices and redox biomarkers will be assessed in urine, plasma or erythrocytes pre exercise, immediately post exercise, 2 and 4 days post exercise.

Official Title
-----------------
The Effect of Eccentric Exercise on Oxidative Stress in the Elderly

Conditions
-----------------
Aging, Muscle Damage, Oxidative Stress

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Exercise


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: subject provides written informed consent physiological health profile stable at their anthropometric characteristics for at least the last year Exclusion Criteria: muscle disease prior history of musculoskeletal injury to the lower limbs smokers consumed any nutritional supplement the last 3 months performed intense eccentric exercise the last 6 months non Caucasian

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Young group<br>Participants will underwent two isokinetic eccentric exercise sessions | Other: Exercise<br>* Participants will perform two isokinetic eccentric exercise bouts<br>|
| Experimental: Elderly group<br>Participants will underwent two isokinetic eccentric exercise sessions | Other: Exercise<br>* Participants will perform two isokinetic eccentric exercise bouts<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle torque (torque) |  | Change in muscle torque from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Range of motion, ROM (degrees) |  | Change in ROM from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Delayed onset muscle soreness, DOMS (scale 1-10) |  | Change in DOMS from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Creatine kinase, CK (activity IU) |  | Change in CK from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| F2-isoprostanes (pg/mg creatinine) |  | Change in F2-isoprostanes from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Protein carbonyls (nmol/mg protein) |  | Change in F2-isoprostanes from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Glutathione, GSH (μmol/g Hb) |  | Change in GSH from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Catalase (U/g Hb) |  | Change in catalase from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Superoxide dismutase, SOD (U/g Hb) |  | Change in SOD from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Glutathione peroxidase, GPx (U/g Hb) |  | Change in GPx from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD (U/g Hb) |  | Change in G6PD from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Uric acid (mM) |  | Change in uric acid from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Albumin (μM) |  | Change in albumin from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 
| Bilirubin (μM) |  | Change in bilirubin from baseline (pre-exercise) at immediately after exercise and at day 2 and day 4 post-exercise | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Aging, Skeletal muscle, Biomarkers, Adaptation