Testing the Efficacy of Pokemon Go for Increasing Physical Activity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Historically, increasing activity was synonymous with exercise; however, it is now thought that even much more modest activity levels (e.g., simply walking) or merely decreasing the proportion of sedentary time may be sufficient to decrease future morbidity and mortality. Some interventions designed to increase activity have shown promise; others have been less successful. But even promising interventions are often difficult to generalize to real-life clinical settings. One barrier to monitoring the effectiveness of interventions has been the lack of availability of accurate, reliable and inexpensive personal activity monitoring equipment. The availability of inexpensive pedometers, and, more recently, low cost triaxial accelerometers, has now made it much easier to monitor activity levels and provide feedback to users. These devices are ideal for capturing activity associated with walking, the most popular and acceptable form of exercise, but only if patients actually wear them. Thus, there is a need to develop pragmatic approaches that encourage patients to not only wear these monitoring devices, but also motivate them to increase their activity. In recent years, games have been used in a variety of settings to motivate and change behavior. Games not only provide performance feedback to patients, but also provide incentives for achieving goals in a context that is fun, intrinsically rewarding, and easy to understand. Successful games effectively exploit motivating social factors (e.g., competition, peer support, and entertainment) to maintain interest and engage participants. Steps are counted using a commercially available triaxial accelerometer (e.g., a FitBit). Pokemon Go is an augmented reality game that encourages players to go outside to search for Pokemon creatures.

Official Title
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Pokémon Go Modestly Increases Time Spent Active Among Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Sedentary Lifestyle

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Fitbit + Pokemon Go
* Behavioral: Fitbit Only


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18-80 years of age, healthy adults, own smart phone, have access to the Internet, fluent in English, no contraindications to physical activity, not pregnant or planning to become pregnant, had not previously played Pokemon Go game Exclusion Criteria: <18 year or older than 80 years of age, did not own smart phone, did not have access to the Internet, not fluent in English, any contraindications to physical activity, pregnant or planning to become pregnant in next 2 months, had previously played Pokemon Go game

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Two-group, randomized controlled trial.
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Active Comparator: Fitbit-only Group<br>Participants randomized to the FB group were provided a Fitbit Zip activity monitor and were instructed on how to wear the monitor, how to pair the activity monitor to their smartphone, and asked to provide our team consent to access their Fitbit data through Fitbit's Application Programming Interface (API) | Behavioral: Fitbit Only<br>* Participants received a Fitbit Zip to wear daily for 8 weeks.<br>|
| Experimental: Fitbit + Pokémon Go Group<br>Participants randomized to the FB+P group received the same Fitbit Zip activity monitor and text message reminders as the FB group. This group was also shown how to download the Pokémon Go application to their smartphone and were provided brief instructions on how to play the game. Participants were instructed to simply explore the game and play it at their leisure. Participants were not provided any specific goals related to game play or physical activity in general. | Behavioral: Fitbit + Pokemon Go<br>* Participants received a Fitbit Zip to wear daily for 8 weeks. Participants also received access to the Pokemon Go game.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Average daily steps | Daily steps measured by Fitbit Zip | Eight weeks |