Combination Study of Deferasirox and Erythropoietin in Patients With Low- and Int-1-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The primary purpose of this trial was is to assess the effect of treatment with deferasirox combined with erythropoietin vs. erythropoietin alone on erythropoiesis in patients with low- and int-1-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. The addition of deferasirox to erythropoietin can lead to a potential synergism with the reduction of reactive oxygen species, through both the NF-kB pathway and the control of free toxic iron. This may create a better environment in the bone marrow for a better response with erythropoietin. This study was designed to test in a prospective way the combination of deferasirox with erythropoietin in terms of their effect on hematopoiesis.

Detailed Description
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This study did not meet the original enrollment objective of 60 patients and was terminated without extending enrollment past original planned LPFV of 31-Oct-2016.

Official Title
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An Open-label, Phase II, Randomized, Pilot Study to Assess the Effect in Term of Erythroid Improvement of Deferasirox Combined With Erythropoietin Compared to Erythropoietin Alone in Patients With low-and Int-1-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Conditions
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Low and Int 1-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Intervention / Treatment
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* Drug: Deferasirox DFX, DT
* Drug: Erythropoietin alpha
* Drug: Deferasirox DFX, FCT


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Key Inclusion Criteria: Patients who had low- and Int-1-risk myelodysplastic syndrome Documented diagnosis of the following: Myelodysplastic syndrome that lasted ≥ 3 months and < 3 years Disease must not have been secondary to treatment with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or immunotherapy for malignant or autoimmune diseases A hemoglobin < 10 g/dL and ≥ 8 g/dL History of transfusions < 10 RBC units and must not have been RBC transfusion dependent 300 ng/mL < serum ferritin < 1,500 ng/mL (Values within 10% difference above 1500 ng/ml or 10% difference below 300 ng/ml could have been accepted at the investigator's discretion. Endogenous erythropoietin levels < 500 units/L Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) Creatinine clearance above the concentration limit in locally approved prescribing information (PI). Patients with creatinine clearance between 40 and less than 60 mL/min, who did not present with additional risk factors that might impair renal function, were eligible at the discretion of the investigator Key Exclusion Criteria: Patients who had MDS with isolated del(5q) Patients who had received prior EPO treatment or other recombinant growth factors regardless of the outcome (Patient who had received prior EPO treatment or other recombinant growth factors for less than 4 weeks and not within 3 months before screening without a documented response are allowed) Patients who had received steroids or immunosuppressive therapy for the improvement of hematological parameters (stable steroid treatment for adrenal failure or chronic medical conditions, and intermittent dexamethasone as antiemetics were allowed). B12 and folate deficient patients with and without clinical symptoms (patients were rescreened after successful therapy of B12 and folate deficiency) Uncontrolled seizures or uncontrolled hypertension

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Erythropoietin alpha<br>Patients will receive erythropoietin 40,000 units/week. If after 4 weeks erythroid improvement is inadequate, dose will be escalated to 60,000 units/week. If after 12 weeks of treatment, erythroid improvement in inadequate, patients will be switched to the combination arm. At any time when erythroid response is achieved, erythropoietin treatment will be stopped until end of study. | Drug: Erythropoietin alpha<br> <br> |
| Experimental: Deferasirox + Erythropoietin alpha<br>Patients will receive deferasirox dispersible tablet (DT) 10 mg/kg/day or deferasirox film-coated tablet (FCT) 7 mg/kg/day in combination with erythropoietin 40,000 units/week. If after 4 weeks erythroid improvement is inadequate, erythropoietin dose will be escalated to 60,000 units/week. If after 12 weeks of treatment, erythroid improvement in inadequate, patients will be discontinued from the study. At any time when erythroid response is achieved, erythropoietin treatment will be stopped until end of study. Patients will continue deferasirox treatment. | Drug: Deferasirox DFX, DT<br>* provided as dispersible tablets for oral use in 125 and 250, 500 mg<br>Drug: Deferasirox DFX, FCT<br>* provided as film-coated tablet for oral use in 90, 180, 360 mg strengths<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Difference in Percentage of Patients Achieving Erythroid Response Within 12 Weeks, by Treatment Group (Full Analysis Set) | Difference in percentage of patients achieving an erythroid response within 12 weeks of treatment between the two arms according to modified IWG 2006 criteria increase in hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 1.5 g/dL. Erythroid response is defined as the increase in Hb from baseline ≥ 1.5 g/dL. Patients achieving erythroid response at least once within 12 weeks were considered responders | Baseline up to 12 weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Absolute Change From Baseline to Post-baseline Value for Hemoglobin(g/dL)(Full Analysis Set) | Hematological response criteria defined as: Erythroid response: hemoglobin (Hb) increase from baseline >= 1.5 g/dL (baseline < 11 g/dL), neutrophil response: increase from baseline >= 100% and increase > 0.5 × 10^9/L (baseline <1 × 10^9/L), platelet response: increase from baseline >= 30 × 10^9/L (baseline <100 × 10^9/L) according to modified IWG 2006 criteria | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Summary of Hematologic Improvement in Patients Randomized to EPO+DFX and EPO Alone, Within 24 Weeks of Treatment (Full Analysis Set) | Percentage of participants achieving an hematologic improvement defined as: neutrophil improvement: increase from baseline >0.5 × 10^9/L (baseline = 1.0 × 10^9/L ), platelet improvement: increase from baseline ≥ 30 × 10^9/L (baseline = 100 × 10^9/L), hemoglobin improvement: Hb increase from baseline ≥ 1 g/dL (baseline<11 g/dL) | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Hemoglobin Values up to 24 Weeks | Absolute change in hemoglobin values for patients showing improvement: Hemoglobin improvement Hb increase from baseline ≥ 1 g/dL (baseline<11 g/dL) | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Platelets and Neutrophil Levels up to 24 Weeks | Absolute change in platelets and neutrophil levels for participants showing improvement: neutrophil improvement: increase from baseline >0.5 × 10^9/L (baseline = 1.0 × 10^9/L ), platelet improvement: increase from baseline ≥ 30 × 10^9/L (baseline = 100 × 10^9/L) | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Summary of Erythroid Response in Participants Randomized to EPO Alone at Baseline and Switched to EPO+DFX After 12 Weeks of Treatment (Full Analysis Set) | Erythroid response: hemoglobin increase from baseline > = 1.5 g/dL (baseline <11 g/dL) | Week 13 up to 24 weeks | 
| Summary of Erythroid Response Within 24 Weeks in Participants Randomized to EPO at Baseline and Not Switched to EPO+DFX After 12 Weeks of Treatment (Full Analysis Set) | Erythroid response: hemoglobin increase from baseline > = 1.5 g/dL (baseline <11 g/dL). Percentages are based on N. Confidence intervals are calculated using Clopper-Pearson method. Hemoglobin value is at time of first response | baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Serum Ferritin up to 24 Weeks for Erythropoietin Alpha Arm (Full Analysis Set) | Absolute change in serum ferritin from baseline | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Serum Ferritin up to 24 Weeks for Deferasirox + Erythropoietin Alpha Arm (Full Analysis Set) | Absolute change in serum ferritin from baseline | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Serum Ferritin up to 24 Weeks for EPO+DFX at 12 Weeks Arm (Full Analysis Set) | Absolute change in serum ferritin from baseline | Baseline up 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Hemoglobin (Hb) From Baseline for Erythropoietin Alpha Arm (Full Analysis Set) | This analysis included patients randomized either to EPO or DFX+EPO at baseline as well as patients who did not have erythroid response at week 12 in the EPO group and switched to combination therapy. | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Hemoglobin (Hb) From Baseline for Deferasirox + Erythropoietin Alpha Arm (Full Analysis Set) | This analysis included patients randomized either to EPO or DFX+EPO at baseline as well as patients who did not have erythroid response at week 12 in the EPO group and switched to combination therapy. | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 
| Absolute Change in Hemoglobin (Hb) From Baseline for EPO+DFX at 12 Weeks Arm (Full Analysis Set) | This analysis included patients randomized either to EPO or DFX+EPO at baseline as well as patients who did not have erythroid response at week 12 in the EPO group and switched to combination therapy. The time-course of Hb and its absolute changes from baseline was summarized by descriptive statistics by visit and erythroid response. Patients randomized to EPO and not switching after 12 weeks to EPO+DFX would consist of only responders. | Baseline up to 24 weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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myelodysplastic syndrome, MDS, myelodysplasia, blood disorder, cytopenias, low blood counts, progressive bone marrow failure, adult, ICL570, deferasirox, erythropoietin, erythropoiesis, NF-kB pathway, hematopoiesis.