To Measure Pain Perception With Electronic Pressure Algometer of Different Size Probes : a Healthy Subjects Research

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
This study was conducted to explore the influencing factors, subjects and testers' evaluation about pain measurement with hand-held pressure algometer with different size probes. Methods:100 healthy undergraduate students(50 males and 50 females) were recruited into this study. Pain measurement including pressure pain threshold (PPT) and pressure pain tolerance(PTO) was carried out by the hand-held pressure algometer with different size probes (from 1cm2 to 0.01cm2) on three different measuring spots in right forearm. We recorded subjects' skinfold thickness, time per test procedure, types of pain perception, receptivity and degree of accuracy as well as testers' level of laborious.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Subjects with the following diseases were excluded: known history of chronic disease, psychiatric diseases or communication disorders, diabetes mellitus, severe cardiovascular diseases, kidney or liver diseases with poor hepatic function, alcohol or drug abuse, heavy smoker, Pregnancy or at lactation period .

Official Title
-----------------
To Measure Pain Perception With Electronic Pressure Algometer of Different Size Probes : a Healthy Subjects Research

Conditions
-----------------
Pain

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: pressure algometer


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Aged 20 to 30 The right hand is handedness Agreed to participate the research Not with known chronic disease Not taking analgesics within 3 months Exclusion Criteria: History of chronic pain Psychiatric diseases Diabetes mellitus Severe cardiovascular diseases Kidney or liver diseases Alcohol or drug abuse Heavy smoker Disagree to participate to the research

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: male subjects<br>grouped by gender and applied pressure pain test | Device: pressure algometer<br> <br> |
| Experimental: female subjects<br>grouped by gender and applied pressure pain test | Device: pressure algometer<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)With 1 cm2 Probe | The value was calculated as a avarage value of different measurement sites | 1 hour after the procedure | 
| Pressure Pain Tolerance (PTO) With 1cm2 Probe | The value was calculated as a avarage value of different measurement sites | 1 hour after the procedure | 
| Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)With 0.1 cm2 Probe | The value was calculated as a avarage value of different measurement sites | 1 hour after the procedure | 
| Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)With 0.01 cm2 Probe | The value was calculated as a avarage value of different measurement sites | 1 hour after the procedure | 
| Pressure Pain Tolerance (PTO) With 0.1cm2 Probe | The value was calculated as a avarage value of different measurement sites | 1 hour after the procedure | 
| Pressure Pain Tolerance (PTO) With 0.01cm2 Probe | The value was calculated as a avarage value of different measurement sites | 1 hour after the procedure | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time of Each Test Procedure |  | 10 minutes after the procedure | 
| Measuring Values of Skinfold Thickness |  | 10 minutes after the procedure |