Effect of African Drumming in Mood Disorders

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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This pilot study evaluated whether participating in an African drumming activity for 45 minutes immediately improved mental well-being among 13 adults diagnosed with acute mood disorders who were attending a private mental health clinic. The drumming intervention was completed by occupational therapists.

Detailed Description
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This pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of an occupational therapy-led African drumming group on mental well-being among adult psychiatric inpatients with mood disorders. A secondary purpose was to test a protocol for the delivery of African drumming interventions to adults with acute mood disorders. A quasi-experimental uncontrolled one-group pre-test-post-test design was used to collect data during six drumming groups at an acute mental health clinic. Thirteen adults completed assessments of different aspects of mental well-being, including mood and enjoyment, before and after the intervention. Because this was a pilot study, participants were not assigned to any comparison groups. In addition, in-patients at the clinic received the intervention whether they participated in the study or not. Improvement in mental well-being across different domains of mental well-being was expected, including feelings of anger, tension, confusion, depression, fatigue and vigour. The researchers also expected the intervention to be more effective in participants with previous drumming experience, and in those with lower levels of anxiety and depression.

Official Title
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The Effect of African Drumming on on Mental Well-being Among Adults With Acute Mood Disorder

Conditions
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Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: African drumming


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Attending mental health clinic Diagnosed mood disorder Voluntarily attending drumming group Exclusion Criteria: Psychosis

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Adults with acute mood disorders<br>Adults aged over 18 diagnosed with an acute episode of a mood disorder using DSM-V criteria | Other: African drumming<br>* Rhythmic beating or tapping of a variety of percussion instruments, which often occurs within a group setting<br>* Other names: Drumming;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stellenbosch Mood Scale (STEMS) | Change from baseline in Stellenbosch Mood Scale at 45 minutes | Baseline and 45 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Generalised Anxiety Disorder - 7 scale (GAD-7) | Level of anxiety as measured by a 7-item self-report Likert-type scale | Baseline | 
| Primary Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) | Level of depression as measured by a 9-item self-report Likert-type scale | Baseline | 
| Enjoyment of Interaction Scale | Enjoyment of the intervention as measured by a 4-item self-report Likert-type scale | 45 minutes |