Evaluation of Local Delivery of Aloe Vera Gel as an Adjunct to Non-surgical Treatment in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Detailed Description
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The effect of Aloe vera on treatment of chronic periodontitis will be evaluated in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Thirty patients with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (test): will include 15 patients treated with SRP followed by application of Aloe vera gel in the periodontal pockets at day 1 and after 1 and 2 weeks, and group 2 (control) which includes 15 patients treated with SRP only.

Official Title
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Evaluation of Local Delivery of Aloe Vera Gel as an Adjunct to Non-surgical Treatment in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis (A Randomized, Clinical Trial)

Conditions
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Chronic Periodontitis

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Aloe vera after SRP
* Procedure: Scaling and root planing (SRP)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Systemically healthy individuals. Patients with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis (CAL 1-4mm) according to the American Academy of Periodontology classification Exclusion Criteria: Smoking and alcoholism. Patients with systemic illnesses (i.e., diabetes mellitus, cancer, human immunodeficiency syndrome, bone metabolic diseases, or disorders that compromise wound healing, radiation, or immunosuppressive therapy, conditions leads to xerostomia). Patients on any medication affecting the periodontium. Lactating, pregnant or menopausal females. Patients with parafunctional habits. Patients with poor oral hygiene.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 30 Years
Maximum Age: 55 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Aloe Vera + Scaling and root planing<br> | Other: Aloe vera after SRP<br>* Subgingival administration of Aloe vera gel was preceded by flushing the area with saline to wash away any debris. Aloe vera (1cc) gel was applied subgingivally using atraumatic needle. Patients were instructed not to rinse or drink any liquid for at least 30 minutes. The application was performed at baseline and after 1 and 2 weeks.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Scaling and root planing<br> | Procedure: Scaling and root planing (SRP)<br>* Removal of supragingival and sub-gingival calculus and debris was performed, followed by smoothing root surfaces and removing cementum or dentine that is impregnated with calculus and toxins.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pocket probing depth | This was measured using a periodontal probe from the gingival crest to depth of sulcus. | up to 9 months | 
| Attachment loss | This is measured using a periodontal point. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and gingival attachment level | up to 9 months | 
| Bleeding on probing | This is measured using Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI). A periodontal probe is inserted into the gingival sulcus at the base of the papilla on the mesial aspect, and then moved coronally to the papilla tip. This is repeated on the distal aspect of the papilla. The intensity of any bleeding is recorded as: Score 0 - no bleeding; Score 1 - A single discreet bleeding point; Score 2 - Several isolated bleeding points or a single line of blood appears; Score 3 - The interdental triangle fills with blood shortly after probing; Score 4 - Profuse bleeding occurs after probing; blood flows immediately into the marginal sulcus. | up to 9 months | 
| Plaque index | This will be assessed on 4 surfaces of 6 index teeth. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3. The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and divided by four in order to give the plaque index for the tooth with the following scores and criteria. 0:No plaque, 1: A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the tooth. The plaque may be seen in situ only after application of disclosing solution or by using the probe on the tooth surface. 2: Moderate accumulation of soft deposit s within the gingival pocket, or the tooth and gingival margin which can be seen with the naked eye. 3: Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin. | up to 9 months | 
| Gingival index | This will be assessed on 4 surfaces of 6 index teeth. Each of the four surfaces of the teeth (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) is given a score from 0-3. The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and divided by four in order to give the gingival index for the tooth with the following scores and criteria. 0= Normal gingiva; 1= Mild inflammation - slight change in color and slight edema but no bleeding on probing; 2= Moderate inflammation - redness, edema and glazing, bleeding on probing; 3= Severe inflammation - marked redness and edema, ulceration with tendency to spontaneous bleeding. | up to 9 months |