Hypoalgesic Effects of Walking and Running Imagined

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The main objective is to identify the hypoalgesic effect of the imagination of actions in sedentary subjects with high levels of physical activity.

Official Title
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Hypoalgesic Effects of Walking and Running Imagined in Sedentary Subjects and With High Levels of Physical Activity: A Prospective Cohort Study

Conditions
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Analgesia

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: Motor imagery


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: asymptomatic participants men and women aged 18 to 65 years Exclusion Criteria: insomnia nausea headache pregnancy use of painkillers in the last 24 hours presence of metal inside the head pacemaker wound on the area of electrodes' application drug consumption; (j) recent application of tDCS psychiatric disease impeding understanding of the study.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Motor Imagery in Sedentary subjects<br> | Behavioral: Motor imagery<br>* Subjects will perform motor imagery tasks on the motor gestures of running and walking.<br>|
| Motor Imagery active subjects<br> | Behavioral: Motor imagery<br>* Subjects will perform motor imagery tasks on the motor gestures of running and walking.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pain pressure threshold | Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) is one of these tests and it is defined as the minimum force applied which induces pain. The measurement shall be carried out by using an algometer (pressure device that induces mechanical stimuli) is to standardize the amount of pressure applied in the neck region. The reliability of pressure pain thresholds according to raters or measurement frequencies is relatively high | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention | 
| Temporal sumation | Temporal summation is a somatosensory measure that is performed by making small punctures in the area of interest. | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention | 
| Electrodermal activity | Electrodermal Activity will be measured through the use of two electrodes that recorded changes in conductance through the skin located at the back of the dominant hand | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention | 
| Respiration Rate | Respiration Rate will be measured through a pressure transducer located in the centre of the chest, where it was fixed by a strap. | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention | 
| Heart rate | Heart Rate will be measured by three electrodes located in the left area of the chest. One of the electrodes was placed in the middle zone while a second electrode was positioned on the lateral side, and a third one on the lower left side, below the first electrode. | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention. | 
| Salivary stress | The Salivary Stress Test is a study that assesses fatigue and the type of stress (acute, moderate or chronic) presented by the subject. | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Visual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Ability | Visual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery Ability will be measured with Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised (MIQ-R). MIQ-R has four movements repeated in two subscales, a visual and a kinesthetic one. Additionally, a score between 1 and 7 is assigned, with 1 representing difficulty in picturing the motor image or difficulty in feeling the movement previously made, and 7 representing the maximum ease. The internal consistencies of the MIQ-R have been consistently adequate with Cronbach's α coefficients ranging above 0.84 for the total scale, 0.80 for de visual subscale and 0.84 for the kinesthetic subscale. | Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention | 
| The degree of physical activity | The degree of physical activity was objectified through the The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire, which allows the subjects to be divided into three groups according to their level of activity, which can be high, moderate, and low or inactive. The IPAQ consists of 7 questions about the frequency, duration and intensity of activity (moderate and intense) performed in the last seven days, as well as walking and sitting time on a workday. The IPAQ scoring protocol assigns the following MET values to walking, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity: 3.3 METs, 4.0 METs, and 8.0 METs, respectively. | Immediately before the intervention. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Motor imagery