Comparative Evaluation of Three Airway Maneuvers in the Unconscious Apneic Person

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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One-handed E-C clamp mask holding technique, two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust, and two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver are three common airway management maneuvers. Sniffing position may improve ventilation between these three maneuvers. The investigators hypothesize that ventilation efficiency may be different between these three maneuvers whether the patient is in sniffing position or neutral position. The investigators would like to quantify this effect by measuring the expired tidal volume, airway pressure, EtCO2 slope and hemodynamic change between these three maneuvers during anesthesia induction.

Detailed Description
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Mask ventilation is considered a important skill for airway management during general anesthesia induction and for apneic unconscious patients. One-handed E-C clamp mask holding technique, two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust, and two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver are three common airway management maneuvers. However, the efficiency of ventilation between these three maneuvers has to be clarified. Besides, whether sniffing position or neutral position may improve ventilation between these three maneuvers is to be determined. The investigators will collect airway parameters of the patients receiving general anesthesia and measure the expired tidal volume, airway pressure, EtCO2 slope and hemodynamic change between these three maneuvers during anesthesia induction.

Official Title
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Comparative Evaluation of One-handed E-C Clamp Mask Holding Technique, Two-handed Mask Ventilation With Jaw Thrust, and Two-handed Mask Ventilation With Triple Airway Maneuver in the Unconscious Apneic Person

Conditions
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Airway Morbidity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Procedure: airway maneuver


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: adult patients(ASA I-III) scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Exclusion Criteria: pneumothorax SpO2<96%(without additional oxygen supply) vocal cord palsy congenital airway abnormality facial trauma or deformity acute upper airway disease inadequate fasting time neck or potential cervical spine disease temporal-mandible joint abnormality head and neck tumor status post radiotherapy pregnancy long term sedative or opioid drug use patient refuse

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 20 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: E-C clamp mask holding technique<br>the airway maneuver that press the mask against the patient's face (using the C of our thumb and forefinger) while pulling the jaw forward (using the E of our other fingers behind the mandible), and leaves one hand free to squeeze the bag. | Procedure: airway maneuver<br>* Three-period crossover study: During general anesthesia induction, subjects are assigned to one of the 6 airway maneuver sequences (ABC, CAB, BCA, ACB, CBA, or BAC) in accordance with a randomization schedule. Each maneuver is performed 5 times in a period. Airway maneuver A: E-C clamp mask holding technique; Airway maneuver B: two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust airway maneuver; Airway maneuver C: two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver(combine jaw thrust and head tilt chin lift)<br>|
| Experimental: two-handed ventilation with jaw thrust<br>the airway maneuver performed with thumbs point toward feet, palms press down and other fingers perform jaw thrust | Procedure: airway maneuver<br>* Three-period crossover study: During general anesthesia induction, subjects are assigned to one of the 6 airway maneuver sequences (ABC, CAB, BCA, ACB, CBA, or BAC) in accordance with a randomization schedule. Each maneuver is performed 5 times in a period. Airway maneuver A: E-C clamp mask holding technique; Airway maneuver B: two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust airway maneuver; Airway maneuver C: two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver(combine jaw thrust and head tilt chin lift)<br>|
| Experimental: triple airway maneuver<br>the airway maneuver performed with two-handed mask ventilation, jaw thrust and head-tilt chin-lift technique | Procedure: airway maneuver<br>* Three-period crossover study: During general anesthesia induction, subjects are assigned to one of the 6 airway maneuver sequences (ABC, CAB, BCA, ACB, CBA, or BAC) in accordance with a randomization schedule. Each maneuver is performed 5 times in a period. Airway maneuver A: E-C clamp mask holding technique; Airway maneuver B: two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust airway maneuver; Airway maneuver C: two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver(combine jaw thrust and head tilt chin lift)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Air exchange | Expired tidal volume, end tidal CO2 slope, peak inspiratory pressure between one-handed E-C clamp mask holding technique, two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust, and two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver | during anesthesia induction | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hemodynamic change | blood pressure and heart rate variability during ventilation between one-handed E-C clamp mask holding technique, two-handed mask ventilation with jaw thrust, and two-handed mask ventilation with triple airway maneuver | during anesthesia induction | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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airway maneuver