Reducing High School Athletes' Prescription Opioids Misuse and Diversion Through the Student Athlete Wellness Portal

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The goal of this study is to prevent prescription opioid misuse among high school athletes by developing, demonstrating the feasibility, and evaluating the outcomes of an innovative digital intervention.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The goal of this proposal is to prevent prescription opioid misuse among high school athletes by developing, demonstrating the feasibility, and evaluating the outcomes of an innovative digital intervention. The new program, the Student Athlete Wellness Portal (SAWP), will be a brief, web- and smartphone-based curriculum, and will encourage resistance to cultural influences to misuse prescription opioids. This portal, which was created based on formative interviews with athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and school administrators, will be tested in a feasibility trial. One hundred and two high school athletes completed a pretest, participated in the treatment (the SAWP) and completed posttest assess their knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors relating to opioid medication.

Official Title
-----------------
Reducing High School Athletes' Prescription Opioids Misuse and Diversion Through the Student Athlete Wellness Portal

Conditions
-----------------
Prescription Opioid Misuse

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Behavioral: Student Athlete Wellness Portal


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: English-speaking male and female adolescents Ages 13-19 Attending middle or high school Playing at last one interscholastic sport Parental consent Exclusion Criteria: No parental consent outside the age range not participating in interscholastic sports not in middle or high school participated in the Phase I research

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 13 Years
Maximum Age: 19 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: Participating athletes assigned to treatment condition.
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Student Athlete Wellness Portal<br>Web-based intervention that illustrates opioid misuse and diversion resistance strategies. | Behavioral: Student Athlete Wellness Portal<br>* A web-based design that illustrates various opioid misuse and diversion resistance strategies.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Usability | 10 items in agree-disagree format (sale 1-5) modified from the SUS scale to measure the useability of a website. Range 1-5, higher scores reflect better usability. | Posttest | 
| Engagement | 8 items in agree-disagree (scale 1-5) format to measure the degree to which a participant felt engaged with the website. Range 1-5, with higher scores reflecting more engagement. Subscales of interest, realism, and identification. | Posttest | 
| Efficacy in Resisting Offers of Opioids | 2 items measuring the degree (scale 1-5) to which participants felt confident resisting offers of prescription opioids. Range 1-5, with higher scores reflecting more efficacy. | Posttest. | 
| Number of Participants Willing to Misuse Prescription Opioids | 2 items measured participants' willing to misuse opioids. Each presented a scenario followed by a checklist, each with 6 options indicating possible responses to opioid offers. For analyses, items were dichotomized to indicate if participants were willing to misuse (1) or not willing (0). If they checked any of the choices indicating they were willing to misuse prescription opioids, they were scored 1, which is the worst outcome. Range 0-1. | Posttest |