Dry Eye Under China's Dynamic COVID-zero Strategy

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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To compare the prevalence of dry eye symptoms and to investigate the association of the risk factors with the dry eye symptomatology among university students in the epidemic and non-epidemic areas of China under the COVID-zero strategy.

Detailed Description
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As the COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2019 spread around the world, the World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern on 30th January, and a global pandemic on 1st March. In addition to the threat of coronavirus itself, anti-epidemic measures such as wearing masks, maintaining social distance, prohibiting group gathering, blockade, isolation, curfew, closure, working at home, online learning, etc., have also greatly changed people's daily life dynamics. Unlike the previous regional blockade (city-wide) suspension of school and work, China has shifted to dynamic prevention and control in April 2020, and the basic life and activities in the epidemic area are not restricted. This study aims to compare the prevalence of dry eye symptoms and to investigate the association of the risk factors with dry eye symptoms among college students in the epidemic and non-epidemic areas of China under the dynamic COVID-zero strategy.

Official Title
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Dry Eye Symptoms of University Students Under China's Dynamic COVID-zero Strategy: A Comparison Between the Epidemic and Non-epidemic Areas

Conditions
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Dry Eye Symptoms

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion criteria: College students with age ≥18 years No other medication history in recent 2 weeks; Have high compliance and are willing to fill in the questionnaire on time Exclusion criteria: routinely using artificial tears and Other eye drops; taking any medication that could interfere with the results of the study; with any history of eye surgery

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Epidemic area (Nanchang, Nanchang university)<br> | |
| Non-epidemic area (Kaifeng, Henan university)<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A score of ocular surface disease index (OSDI)questionnaire | Ocular surface disease index (OSDI)questionnaire : (1) OSDI: ≤12 (no DED symptoms), 13 ≤ d ≤ 22 (mild DED symptoms), 23 ≤ d ≤ 32 (moderate DED symptoms), and ≥33 (severe DED symptoms). | DAY 0 | 
| A score of GAD-7 questionnaire | GAD-7 questionnaire: (1) 0 < GAD-7 ≤ 4 (normal), 5 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 9 (mild anxiety), 10 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 13 (moderate anxiety), 14 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 18 (moderate and severe anxiety), and 19 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 21 (severe anxiety). | DAY 0 | 
| A score of PHQ-9 questionnaire | PHQ-9 questionnaire: (1) 0 < PHQ-9 ≤ 4 (normal), 5 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 9 (mild depression), 10 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 14 (moderate depression), 15 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 19 (moderate and severe depression), and 20 ≤ GAD-7 ≤ 27 (severe depression). | DAY 0 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A score of UCLA Loneliness Scale questionnaire | UCLA Loneliness Scale Questionnaire: (1) UCLA < 28 (low loneliness), 28 ≤ UCLA ≤ 33 (generally lower), 33 < UCLA ≤ 39 (intermediate level), 39 < UCLA ≤ 44 (generally higher), and GAD-7 > 44 (highly lonely). | DAY 0 | 
| Students' increased use of mobile phones | Students choose to increase the time of using mobile phones according to options: 0 hours, less than 1 hour, 1-3 hours, 3-5 hours, 5-7 hours, and more than 7 hours | DAY 0 | 
| Frequency of student sports | Students choose the frequency of sports according to the options, which are: less than once a month, 2-3 times a month, 1-2 times a week, 3-5 times a week, and once a day. | DAY 0 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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dry eye symptoms, anxiety, depression