3D Craniofacial Morphologic Development of Healthy Infants

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Healthy infants were enrolled to receive three dimensional craniofacial photography regularly at their age of one month, two month, four month, six month, nine month and twelve month. All the image data was analyzed to reveal infants' craniofacial development.

Detailed Description
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Importance The development of craniofacial morphology in the first year of life is critical, especially when analyzed with longitudinal 3-dimensional photographs. Objective To evaluate the development of the craniofacial region in healthy infants in the first year of life and provide treatment guidelines for craniofacial deformities such as orofacial clefts and deformational plagiocephaly. Design, Setting, and Participants Three-dimensional (3D) photographs of included participants were captured using a 3dMD system. Participants were grouped by sex and age (1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months). We placed 32 craniofacial anatomical landmarks on 3D craniofacial photos. The thin-plate spline algorithm and closest-point matching were applied to transform a symmetric 3D template into a series of scanned images to calculate 3D composite heads at different ages. Main Outcomes and Measures Average craniofacial meshes were calculated for each group. The growth patterns of the following anthropometric indices were determined: craniofacial height, depth, width, volume, body height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and head circumference.

Official Title
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Three-dimensional Normative Craniofacial Morphologic Development of Healthy Infants During the First Year of Life

Conditions
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Development, Infant, IMAGE, Craniofacial Asymmetry, Plagiocephaly

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: three dimensional photography using a 3dMDHead System (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Asian ethnicity healthy infants full-term Exclusion Criteria: growth curve <3% premature congenital craniofacial anomaly hormonal anomaly. chromsomal anomaly thyroid anomaly bone anomaly

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 1 Month
Maximum Age: 12 Months

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Interventional Model Description: all subjects longitudinally received 3D image
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: infants longitudinally received three dimensional photo<br>A series of 3D craniofacial photos were captured using a 3dMDHead System (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA) within 7 days before or after the age of 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months | Other: three dimensional photography using a 3dMDHead System (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA)<br>* A series of 3D craniofacial photos were captured using a 3dMDHead System (3dMD, Atlanta, GA, USA) within 7 days before or after the age of 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| craniofacial height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| craniofacial height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| craniofacial height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| craniofacial height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| craniofacial height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| craniofacial height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| craniofacial depth | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| craniofacial depth | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| craniofacial depth | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| craniofacial depth | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| craniofacial depth | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| craniofacial depth | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| craniofacial width | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| craniofacial width | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| craniofacial width | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| craniofacial width | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| craniofacial width | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| craniofacial width | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| craniofacial volume | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| craniofacial volume | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| craniofacial volume | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| craniofacial volume | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| craniofacial volume | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| craniofacial volume | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| body weight | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| body weight | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| body weight | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| body weight | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| body weight | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| body weight | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| body height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| body height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| body height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| body height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| body height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| body height | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| body mass index (BMI) | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| body mass index (BMI) | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| body mass index (BMI) | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| body mass index (BMI) | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| body mass index (BMI) | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| body mass index (BMI) | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 
| head circumference | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 1 month-old | 
| head circumference | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 2 month-old | 
| head circumference | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 4 month-old | 
| head circumference | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 6 month-old | 
| head circumference | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 9 month-old | 
| head circumference | measurement of craniofacial anthropometry | at infants' age of 12 month-old | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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craniofacial development, growth chart