Wrist Fracture Evaluation With a Desktop Orthopedic Tomosynthesis System

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
Trauma to the extremities such wrist, ankle, limb is very common and affects all population groups. It constitutes a significant public health issue. Standard radiography remains the basic imaging tool. However, as a 2-dimensional (2D) imaging modality it lacks sensitivity and specificity. Misdiagnosis rates are known to be high, especially for non-displaced fractures of the scaphoid and talus as well as erosions due to rheumatoid arthritis. Misdiagnosis leads to over treatment and unnecessary loss of productivity and quality of life including 6-12 weeks in a cast. Missed fractures can result in a chronic, non-healing fracture that may require surgical fixation and early arthritis of the joint. From a physician perspective, a missed diagnosis can result in a lawsuit and an expensive settlement/penalty. Computed tomography (CT) offers high resolution and excellent visualization of bone and joint morphology, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) delivers soft tissue and cartilage visibility. However, cost, space and workflow related issues make them prohibitive for small orthopedic clinics. Although the radiation dose of a CT scan has been reduced considerably in recent years, it is still significantly higher than a regular radiograph. The whole-body scanners also have difficulties in imaging patients in portable and weight-bearing conditions. Dedicated extremity CT scanners have been commercialized recently in an attempt to address the current deficiency. They still suffer from higher cost and at such have a limited installation base.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The aim of this one-year study is to demonstrate Tomo-E's clinical utility for diagnosis of wrist fractures. Tomo-E is a compact and stationary device that utilizes a distributed carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source array that will be specially designed for extremity imaging to collect all the projection views without any mechanical motion.

Official Title
-----------------
Wrist Fracture Evaluation With a Desktop Orthopedic Tomosynthesis System

Conditions
-----------------
Fracture

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Device: Tomo-E scan
* Device: Radiograph


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: Age 18 or older Undergone radiographic imaging of wrist for presumed or known scaphoid, wrist or distal radius fractures within 2 weeks or are scheduled to undergo such imaging. Able to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: Patients will an intervening surgical procedure performed prior to study imaging. Institutionalized subject (prisoner or nursing home patient)

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 99 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: All Participants<br>Participants that have undergone standard of care, conventional 2D radiographic imaging of wrist for presumed or known scaphoid, wrist or distal radius fractures will receive the Tomo-E scans within two weeks. | Device: Tomo-E scan<br>* High-resolution limited-angle tomography positioning and examination will vary depending on injury.<br>* Other names: Digital Tomosynthesis;Device: Radiograph<br>* Standard of Care radiographic imaging of wrist.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sensitivity | The sensitivity of Tomo-E is defined as the ability of readers (radiologists) to detect wrist fractures in patients. Diagnostic accuracy will be defined by the presence of a fracture as clinically determined by the attending orthopedic surgeon. All Tomo-E scans will be reviewed in a standardized reader study at the conclusion of all study imaging to determine the overall sensitivity of the device. | 8 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Specificity | The specificity of Tomo-E is defined as the ability to distinguish between individuals that do not have a wrist fracture. Diagnostic accuracy will be defined by the presence of a fracture as defined clinically by the attending orthopedic surgeon. All Tomo-E scans will be reviewed in a standardized reader study at the conclusion of all study imaging to determine the overall specificity of the device. | 8 months | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
Scaphoid Fracture, Wrist Fracture, Distal Radius Fracture