Addressing Social Vulnerabilities in Cardiovascular Disease

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The investigators will conduct a feasibility study of an enhanced transitional care intervention, that will: 1) automate identification and risk-stratification of patients with CHF and IHD with social vulnerabilities; 2) incorporate a new standardized social vulnerabilities screening tool into clinical care; 3) enable electronic referrals to community resources; and 4) add novel community-based interventions to the existing medically-oriented transitional care intervention that is the standard of care at the study hospital (Parkland Hospital in Dallas, Texas) and other hospitals nationwide.

Detailed Description
-----------------
The investigators plan to develop, pilot and evaluate the feasibility of an existing medically oriented transitional care intervention enhanced to also address social vulnerabilities, to prevent readmissions in congestive heart failure (CHF) & ischemic heart disease (IHD). The intervention design will be based on the Andersen Behavior Model of Health Services Use, highlighting pathways for clinical linkages to community resources to facilitate individual behavior change. To summarize, although existing interventions have largely focused on individual- and health system-level factors such as optimizing medication regimens, discharge education, and post-discharge follow-up, much of the risk for readmission in patients with CHF and IHD is also driven by social vulnerabilities that are currently not addressed in medical settings. Community-based organizations are a valuable but untapped resource to ameliorate key social vulnerabilities (i.e., food/housing insecurity, behavioral health needs) that are major barriers to effective medication and visit adherence, self-management and lifestyle modification in patients with heart disease. Thus, the investigators propose an enhanced transitional care intervention that uses the Dallas Information Exchange Portal, a health information technology platform, to link patients to local community organizations at discharge. Addressing social vulnerabilities to enable better adherence, self-management, and lifestyle behaviors can in turn prevent readmissions and improve downstream health outcomes. The investigators will conduct a feasibility study of an enhanced transitional care intervention, that will: 1) automate identification and risk-stratification of patients with CHF and IHD with social vulnerabilities; 2) incorporate a new standardized social vulnerabilities screening tool into clinical care; 3) enable electronic referrals to community resources; and 4) add novel community-based interventions to the existing medically-oriented transitional care intervention that is the standard of care at Parkland and other hospitals nationwide. The investigators will assess feasibility and acceptability of our intervention using measures derived from the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) implementation science framework.

Official Title
-----------------
Addressing Social Vulnerabilities to Prevent Hospital Readmissions in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease

Conditions
-----------------
Congestive Heart Failure, Ischemic Heart Disease, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: Socially Enhanced Transitional Care Intervention


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: patients hospitalized with CHF and IHD at high-risk for readmission Exclusion Criteria: none

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 120 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
No

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)<br>The CHF arm will include adults hospitalized with CHF who have been identified as being at high risk for readmission (in the top quintile of risk) by our readmission risk prediction algorithms, and who also have social vulnerabilities present. All subjects in the CHF arm will receive the Socially Enhanced Transitional Care Intervention. | Other: Socially Enhanced Transitional Care Intervention<br>* Components: 1) Standardized social vulnerabilities assessment tool, to be developed and incorporated into admission workflows. 2) Electronic community service referrals to existing community resources (i.e. food banks, shelters, community rehab), via the Dallas IEP or other information technology platform, for material (food, housing) and psychosocial needs (mental health/drug treatment). 3) Community-based cardiovascular self-management interventions, to be developed and piloted in conjunction with #3 - e.g., customized 'heart healthy' food baskets for CHF/IHD; risk factor monitoring (i.e., weight and blood pressure measurement at food banks, shelters, churches, modeled on the barber shop hypertension intervention); and 'heart buddy' support groups for CHF and IHD at community sites.<br>|
| Experimental: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)<br>The IHD arm will include adults hospitalized with IHD who have been identified as being at high risk for readmission (in the top quintile of risk) by our readmission risk prediction algorithms, and who also have social vulnerabilities present. All subjects in the IHD arm will receive the Socially Enhanced Transitional Care Intervention. | Other: Socially Enhanced Transitional Care Intervention<br>* Components: 1) Standardized social vulnerabilities assessment tool, to be developed and incorporated into admission workflows. 2) Electronic community service referrals to existing community resources (i.e. food banks, shelters, community rehab), via the Dallas IEP or other information technology platform, for material (food, housing) and psychosocial needs (mental health/drug treatment). 3) Community-based cardiovascular self-management interventions, to be developed and piloted in conjunction with #3 - e.g., customized 'heart healthy' food baskets for CHF/IHD; risk factor monitoring (i.e., weight and blood pressure measurement at food banks, shelters, churches, modeled on the barber shop hypertension intervention); and 'heart buddy' support groups for CHF and IHD at community sites.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reach of the intervention ('R' of the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework) | Proportion of individuals enrolled, of those who are eligible for the intervention | Up to 12 months | 
| Effectiveness of the intervention ('E' of the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework) - Referrals | Proportion of referrals to community-based service programs that are completed, of referrals that are sent. 'Completed' will be defined as individuals arriving in-person at a community-based service program after a referral is placed. | Up to 12 months | 
| Effectiveness of the intervention ('E' of the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework) - Health Services Utilization | Changes in acute health services use (composite of emergency department visits, hospitalizations) before and after the intervention using interrupted time series | Up to 12 months | 
| Effectiveness of the intervention ('E' of the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework) - Satisfaction | Patient satisfaction with the intervention program using brief verbal questionnaires | Up to 12 months | 
| Adoption of the intervention ('A' of the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework) | Number of community organizations active in referral and information exchange intervention | Up to 12 months | 
| Implementation of the intervention ('I' of the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework) | Acceptability, feasibility, and fidelity to intervention, ascertained through semi-structured interviews of research subjects, discharge planners, case managers, community program directors with thematic analysis of interview findings. We will ascertain perspectives on all three constructs during interviews and identify common themes across constructs to understand barriers and facilitators to implementation in aggregate | Up to 12 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Readmission rate | Rate of 30-day readmissions among research subjects. We anticipate that we will be underpowered to detect a difference with our limited planned enrollment during this pilot feasibility study | Up to 12 months |