Reliability of an Algorithm to Diagnose Spasticity

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Spasticity is a condition that results from damage to the central nervous system and causes painful muscle contractures that drastically affect level of independence, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Although there are well-known and accepted treatments for spasticity, spasticity is often left undertreated; the specific reasons for this observation are unknown. Because there is no blood test or scan that indicates the presence of spasticity, diagnosis is based entirely on physician impression. Therefore, the investigators hypothesize that one reason that spasticity is undertreated is due to the lack of a standardized diagnostic procedure. This study attempts to test the reliability of a diagnostic flowchart that seeks to increase the accuracy of physician diagnosis of spasticity.

Detailed Description
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Spasticity is defined as a velocity-dependent increase in stretch reflex with muscle overactivity, and is associated with involuntary limb movements or spasms which can often be painful. Active function (such as walking, driving, writing, or sexual activity) can be adversely affected by spasticity. For patients with significant disability requiring a caregiver, passive function (such as facilitation of bathing, dressing, and undergarment change) can also become very difficult, especially when spasticity is left untreated. Finally, persistent involuntary motion or spasms may negatively impact an individual's mood or self image, making social situations more difficult and sometimes overwhelming. Spasticity is especially undertreated in vulnerable populations; population surveys in individuals with intellectual disability and nursing home residents have shown that less than 20% of affected individuals are treated. There are severe negative consequences of leaving spasticity untreated, like muscle shortening and tendon and soft tissue contractures. Once developed, contractures are very difficult to treat and can hinder personal hygiene and dressing, and well as the ability to sit or lie properly. Bad hygiene and immobility can lead, in turn, to urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers and skin breakdown. Furthermore, spasticity can stunt muscle growth and cause abnormal bone growth and formation, especially in children. Spasticity is diagnosed based upon a physician's clinical impression; there is currently no biomarker to facilitate an objective diagnosis. The two instruments most commonly used to document severity are the Modified Ashworth Scale and Range of Motion Assessment. Both assessments are based upon a clinician's assessment of muscle tone, but there is no widely-accepted protocol to determine the presence of spasticity. We therefore hypothesize one reason spasticity is widely undertreated is the challenge faced by physicians when attempting to make a diagnosis. In the absence of a biomarker, a more standardized method of clinical diagnosis is necessary, both for future research and for advocacy efforts. The treatment of spasticity could increase quality of life by allowing an individual to participate more independently in activities of daily living, and by making assistance easier for caregivers.

Official Title
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Inter-Rater Reliability of a Spasticity Diagnosis Algorithm

Conditions
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Spasticity

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Male and female subjects of any race, aged 18 and above. Reside in one of the five selected long term care facilities. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects for whom it is felt that participation in the study would cause medical harm.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 100 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Nursing home residents<br> | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Inter-rater reliability of a spasticity diagnosis algorithm when used by two movement disorder specialists. | Two movement disorders specialists will independently use the flowchart while performing physical and neurological examinations on enrolled patients to determine whether spasticity is present. | One year | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| To compare the prevalence of spasticity between three nursing homes in Davidson County, Tennessee. | We will attempt to estimate the prevalence of spasticity in the nursing home setting based on the prevalence observed in 3 randomly selected nursing homes in Middle Tennessee. | One year | 
| Awareness of different spasticity treatments and treatment preferences (if treatment is applicable) based on a Treatment Preferences Survey. | We will survey enrolled subjects to determine if they are aware of available treatments for spasticity. | One year | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Spasticity, Diagnostic Algorithm