The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners on Blood Glucose Response

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the presece of the artificial sweeteners aspartame, saccharin and asceulfame-k affect the blood glucose responses to an orally incested glucose solution.

Detailed Description
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Sweet taste receptors, similar to those located on the lingual taste buds have been located along in the lining of the gut. Recent studies have demonstrated that activation of these sweetness taste receptors, either by sugars such as glucose, fructose, lactose, or artificial sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame can influence the way nutrients, including glucose are absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream. Studies in animal models have shown that activation of the sweet taste receptors can increase the expression of the sodium-dependant glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) which transport glucose from the lumen into the bloodstream. Thus providing a potential mechanism by which glucose uptake can be regulated. Although artificial sweeteners stimulate the sweet taste receptors, they have little nutritive value, so that when they are consumed in the absence of any other nutrients there is little effect on blood glucose response. However, the effects of consuming artificial sweeteners in combination with sugars such as glucose is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the addition of artificial sweeteners to an orally consumed glucose solution affects the rate at which the glucose appears in the blood.

Official Title
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The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners on Blood Glucose Response

Conditions
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Taste Receptors, Nutrient Sensing, Intestinal Absorption, Blood Glucose, Appetite

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Artificial Sweeteners


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy subjects Aged 18-45 years BMI (19-25 kg/m2) Weight stable in past 3 months Exclusion Criteria: Smoking Females who are pregnant of breastfeeding Regular intake of emdication, other than females taking oral contraceptives Medical illness Gastrointestinal disorders Food allergies

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Double


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Placebo Comparator: 45g glucose<br>glucose water | Dietary Supplement: Artificial Sweeteners<br>* A 400mL drink sweetened with 45g glucose and artificial sweetener will be consumed orally<br>|
| Active Comparator: 45g glucose + 150mg aspartame<br>glucose water aspartame | Dietary Supplement: Artificial Sweeteners<br>* A 400mL drink sweetened with 45g glucose and artificial sweetener will be consumed orally<br>|
| Active Comparator: 45g glucose + 20 mg saccharin<br>glucose water saccharin | Dietary Supplement: Artificial Sweeteners<br>* A 400mL drink sweetened with 45g glucose and artificial sweetener will be consumed orally<br>|
| Active Comparator: 45g glucose + 85mg asculfame - K<br>glucose water aseulfame- k | Dietary Supplement: Artificial Sweeteners<br>* A 400mL drink sweetened with 45g glucose and artificial sweetener will be consumed orally<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blood glucose response | Blood glucose will be determined at baseline and for 90 min following the consumption of the test drinks | 90 min | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Subjective appetite | Subjective appetite ratings will be collected at baseline and for 90 min following the consumption of the test drinks | 90 min |