Impact of Nuun Instant on Hydration Status in Active Men and Women

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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While Nuun Instant is commercially available and has received positive reviews from athletes, there have been no studies to date to evaluate the impact of this product on hydration status. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Nuun Instant powder and new product under development called Nuun Electrolyte on hydration status in young and active men and women. We will follow a similar approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water), while also measuring plasma volume using the method of Dill and Costill (1974).

Detailed Description
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Maintaining adequate hydration is essential to optimal health and athletic performance. When individuals exercise (in particular in a warm environment), they can lose excessive amounts of fluids through sweating, along with necessary electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride). With dehydration, individuals may feel sluggish and can experience impaired physical performance. Many attempts have been made to improve and measure the hydration status of active individuals. This typically involves the ingestion of fluids leading up to activity (typically plain water), as well as the ingestion of fluids during the activity itself (water, along with a diluted carbohydrate/electrolyte beverage). This approach seems to work well; however, some debate remains over what the best fluid is to consume, in particular related to the macronutrient type and the specific electrolyte mix. Related to the above, it is well-accepted that electrolyte replenishment is of importance, both during and following exercise-to aid in rehydration for subsequent bouts. Electrolytes (sodium in particular) have been used for decades to aid athlete hydration and this has led to the development of various sport drinks-which also include small amounts of carbohydrate (e.g., Gatorade, Powerade). However, one problem with moderate to high carbohydrate ingestion is that some individuals experience gastrointestinal (GI) upset following carbohydrate ingestion before and during an event, despite very good physical performance outcomes. Due to this GI upset, some individuals (in particular recreationally active individuals who are not competing at high levels) rely on water alone or a very low concentrated carbohydrate beverage, and seek a method to ingest the lost electrolytes as well. The solution to the above issues for many athletes is the use of powder stick packs that can be carried in bags and pockets, and simply dumped into a water bottle when needed, shaken, and consumed. They are easy to transport and provide the needed carbohydrate, as well as electrolytes to replace those that are lost through intense and/or long duration exercise. We recently completed a study of Nuun electrolyte tablets, which provide 2 grams of carbohydrate per serving and a combination of electrolytes, provided at a relatively low percentage of the Daily Value (DV). The DV tells us how much a particular nutrient in a serving of a food product contributes to a daily diet, based on a standard 2000 calorie diet. Nuun tablets contain: calcium (13mg, 1%DV), sodium (300mg, 13%DV), potassium (150mg, 3%DV), magnesium (25mg, 6%DV), and chloride (40mg, 2%DV). Our results indicated improved hydration (based on urine output and the calculated hydration index) when subjects consumed the Nuun tablets mixed into 1 liter of water, as compared to water alone. Nuun Instant is a new product that is similar to the Nuun tablets, but is formulated for those who may experience a significant electrolyte loss and is higher in carbohydrate as well. Specifically, the Nuun Instant product contains (per 11 gram serving) the following: 7 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (20mg, 2%DV), sodium (520mg, 23%DV), potassium (385mg, 8%DV), magnesium (8mg, 2%DV), chloride (250mg, 10%DV), and 100% of vitamin C (90mg) and B12 (2.4 mcg). Nuun Electrolytes is a new product in development that is similar to the Nuun tablets, but with an adjusted formula. Nuun Electrolytes consist of Citric Acid, Dextrose, Sodium Bicarbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, Natural Flavors, Potassium Chloride, Malic Acid, Magnesium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Stevia Leaf Extract, Beet Powder Color, Safflower Oil. Nuun electrolytes contains (per tablet) the following: 3 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (15 mg, 1%DV), sodium (200 mg, 9%DV), potassium (125mg, 3%DV), magnesium (15mg, 4%DV), and chloride (75mg, 3%DV). While Nuun Instant is commercially available and has received positive reviews from athletes, there have been no studies to date to evaluate the impact of this product or Nuun Electrolyte on hydration status. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Nuun Instant powder and Nuun Electrolyte tablets on hydration status in young and active men and women. We will follow a similar approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water), while also measuring plasma volume using the method of Dill and Costill (1974).

Official Title
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Impact of Nuun Instant on Hydration Status in Active Men and Women

Conditions
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Hydration

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Nuun Instant
* Other: Water
* Dietary Supplement: Nuun Electrolyte


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: body mass index (BMI) between 18-29.9 kg/m2 no consumption of alcohol-containing beverages within 48 hours of testing no consumption of caffeine-containing beverages within 48 hours of testing no strenuous exercise within 48 hours of testing regularly consumes 2 liters of water daily engaged in structured exercise 3 or more hours per week for the past 6 months or longer Exclusion Criteria: tobacco user active infection or illness pregnant

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 45 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Basic Science
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Interventional Model Description: single-blind crossover
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Nuun Instant<br>2 servings of Nuun instant in 1 liter water | Dietary Supplement: Nuun Instant<br>* Contains (per 11 gram serving) the following: 7 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (20mg, 2%DV), sodium (520mg, 23%DV), potassium (385mg, 8%DV), magnesium (8mg, 2%DV), chloride (250mg, 10%DV), and 100% of vitamin C (90mg) and B12 (2.4 mcg).<br>Other: Water<br>* water<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Control<br>1 liter of water | Other: Water<br>* water<br>|
| Experimental: Nuun Electrolyte<br>2.1 servings of Nuun Electrolyte in 1 liter water | Other: Water<br>* water<br>Dietary Supplement: Nuun Electrolyte<br>* Citric Acid, Dextrose, Sodium Bicarbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, Natural Flavors, Potassium Chloride, Malic Acid, Magnesium Carbonate, Calcium Carbonate, Stevia Leaf Extract, Beet Powder Color, Safflower Oil. Nuun electrolytes contains (per tablet) the following: 3 grams of carbohydrate, calcium (15 mg, 1%DV), sodium (200 mg, 9%DV), potassium (125mg, 3%DV), magnesium (15mg, 4%DV), and chloride (75mg, 3%DV).<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body weight | Body weight will be measured in underwear and papergown on digital scale. | baseline | 
| Body weight | Body weight will be measured in underwear and papergown on digital scale. | 4 hours after intervention | 
| Urine Volume | Volume of urine output will be measured. | Immediately following intervention | 
| Urine Volume | Volume of urine output will be measured. | 1 hour after intervention | 
| Urine Volume | Volume of urine output will be measured. | 2 hours after intervention | 
| Urine Volume | Volume of urine output will be measured. | 3 hours after intervention | 
| Urine Volume | Volume of urine output will be measured. | 4 hours after intervention | 
| Urine Mass | Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale. | immediately after intervention | 
| Urine Mass | Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale. | 1 hour after intervention | 
| Urine Mass | Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale. | 2 hours after intervention | 
| Urine Mass | Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale. | 3 hours after intervention | 
| Urine Mass | Urine output will be measured using an analytical scale. | 4 hours after intervention | 
| Blood Pressure | Blood Pressure will be measured. | baseline | 
| Blood Pressure | Blood Pressure will be measured. | 1 hour after intervention | 
| Blood Pressure | Blood Pressure will be measured. | 2 hours after intervention | 
| Blood Pressure | Blood Pressure will be measured. | 3 hours after intervention | 
| Blood Pressure | Blood Pressure will be measured. | 4 hours after intervention | 
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured. | immediately after intervention | 
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured. | 1 hour after intervention | 
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured. | 2 hours after intervention | 
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured. | 3 hours after intervention | 
| Heart Rate | Heart rate will be measured. | 4 hours after intervention | 
| Hematocrit | Hematocrit will be measured from blood. | baseline | 
| Hematocrit | Hematocrit will be measured from blood. | 4 hours after intervention | 
| Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin will be measured from blood. | baseline | 
| Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin will be measured from blood. | 4 hours after intervention | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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electrolyte, sport drink, beverage hydration index