Whey Protein, Resistance Training, and Changes in Body Composition

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The objective of this project is to determine the effect of 9 months of progressive resistance training with daily whey protein supplements on the body composition (changes in muscle and fat) in young adults. The investigators hypothesize that those individuals who receive whey protein supplements will have larger gains in muscle and larger losses of fat tissue in response to resistance training compared to those who receive supplements of soy or carbohydrate.

Detailed Description
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Healthy men and women will be recruited to participate in 9 months of supervised resistance training (3 days/wk) and will be randomized to one of three daily supplement groups: Whey protein, soy protein, or carbohydrate control. Body weight, muscular strength and endurance, and resting blood pressure will be assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. Body composition will be assessed at baseline, 3, 5, 7, and 9 months. A sub-sample (N = 17 per group, assessed at baseline and 9 months) will be randomly selected for muscle samples of the upper leg to determine changes in the size of muscle fibers, and chemical factors associated with muscle growth. Blood samples will be obtained from sub-sample participants to assess changes in glucose and fat metabolism, as well as other chemicals likely to promote or inhibit muscle growth. We will also assess changes in daily energy expenditure and the use of fuel to produce energy (carbohydrate, fat, protein) that may result from the intervention. We hypothesize that those individuals who receive whey protein supplements will have larger gains in muscle and larger losses of fat tissue in response to resistance training compared to those who receive supplements of soy or carbohydrate.

Official Title
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Whey Protein Supp. w/ Resistance Training; Effects on Body Comp. of Young Adults.

Conditions
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Obesity

Intervention / Treatment
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* Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein supplement
* Dietary Supplement: Soy Protein Supplement
* Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate supplement


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: BMI 25-39.9 must be 18- 30 years old sedentary no medications stable weight for at least 3 months Exclusion Criteria: Tobacco/Drug user metabolism altering medication gain/lost 10lbs in the last 3 months current exerciser

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 30 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Whey protein supplementation<br>Daily whey protein supplementation | Dietary Supplement: Whey Protein supplement<br>* 40 g/day of whey protein will be consumed in 2 doses for 9 months (Study duration)<br>|
| Experimental: Soy Protein supplementation<br>Daily soy protein supplementation | Dietary Supplement: Soy Protein Supplement<br>* 40 g/day of soy protein will be consumed in 2 doses for 9 months (Study duration)<br>|
| Experimental: Placebo<br>Daily carbohydrate placebo supplementation | Dietary Supplement: Carbohydrate supplement<br>* 40 g/day of maltodextrin will be consumed in 2 doses for 9 months (Study duration)<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Body Composition | Changes in body composition will be evaluated by measuring the change in percent body fat, total fat mass, and total lean mass by DEXA. | 9 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 24 hour energy expenditure and substrate oxidation | 24hr energy expenditure and substrate oxidation will be measured by whole room indirect calorimetry | 9 months | 
| Muscular strength and endurance | One rep max strength will be measured on the chest and leg press. | 9 months | 
| Resting Metabolic Rate | Resting metabolic rate as measured by indirect calorimetry as kcal/day will be evaluated. Also, substrate oxidation (fat and carbohydrate oxidation) will be evaluated. | 9 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Whey Protein, Soy Protein, Resistance training, Weight Management