Low Carbohydrate and Conventional Diets Associated to Resistance Training on Muscle Fitness and Health Markers

Study Overview
=================
Brief Summary
-----------------
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different diets (low carbohydrate - LCD and conventional - CONV) on body composition, strength performance, muscle mass and biomarkers of health in overweight adults submitted to resistance training (RT). It has been hypothesized that LCD would produce higher rates of weight loss and that both diets would be useful to maintain muscle mass and strength and biomarkers of health.

Detailed Description
-----------------
Overweight and obesity prevalence has increased worldwide. Current guidelines recommend health behavior modifications, including better eating habits and regular physical activity (including resistance training - RT) as a strategy to control and prevent the problem. Traditionally, diets poor in energy and fat (conventional diets - CONV) have been recommended to promote losses in body and fat masses; however, there has been recently a growing interest in the academic community to investigate the effects of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) on health outcomes, since this kind of diet appears to be more effective for reducing body mass as compared to CONV. Nevertheless, evidences are scarce regarding the effects of LCD associated to RT on body composition, strength performance, blood lipids, endothelium function and other markers of health, demanding the development of clinical trials aiming to determine the combined health effects of these interventions.

Official Title
-----------------
Combined Effects of Resistance Training and Low Carbohydrate or Conventional Diets on Strength, Muscle Mass, Body Composition, Blood Lipids and Endothelium Function

Conditions
-----------------
Obesity, Overweight

Intervention / Treatment
-----------------
* Other: macronutrient and energy manipulation


Participation Criteria
=================
Eligibility Criteria
-----------------
Inclusion Criteria: BMI equal or over 25 kg/m2 resistance trained at least 12 weeks Exclusion Criteria: upper or lower limbs injury pregnancy diabetes use of ergogenics, stimulants or drugs history of dislipidemias arterial hypertension

Ages Eligible for Study
-----------------
Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 60 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
-----------------
All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
-----------------
Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
=================
How is the study designed?
-----------------

Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Diet counseling<br>Outcomes of the study may enhance diet counseling | Other: macronutrient and energy manipulation<br> <br> |
| Experimental: exercise training<br> | Other: macronutrient and energy manipulation<br> <br> |

What is the study measuring?
-----------------
Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| body mass | Measured always at the same time of the day on a calibrated weight scale | eight weeks | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle strength | Measured using resistance exercise machines (isotonic) in four exercise movements | eight weeks | 
| Endothelial function | Measured using a two dimensional color spectral Doppler ultrasound equipped with a 14MHz linear transducer. Subject laid down comfortably in the supine position with the right arm slightly abduced. After locating the brachial artery, the transducer was placed on the anteromedial face of the right arm, perpendicular to the centerline of the arm, 5-10 cm above the antecubital fossa, over the artery. | eight weeks | 
| muscle thicknesses | Measured with a ultrasoundo bidimensional in Mode B, with a 7,5MHz transducer on the anatomical sites knee extensor muscles and elbow flexors and extensors. | eight weeks | 
| markers of renal function | Measured using conventional and satandardized laboratory methods with subjects fasting for 12 hours | eight weeks | 
| body composition | Measured with skinfold calipers and using prediction equations to determine body fat and lean body mass. | eight weeks | 

 Terms related to the study
=================
Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
-----------------
resistance exercise, body mass index, hypertrophy, endothelial function, blood lipids