Translational Investigation of Growth and Everyday Routines in Kids (TIGER Kids) Fitness Ancillary

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The purpose of this ancillary study is to examine cardiorespiratory fitness, cognitive factors related to appetite, and objectively-measured food intake in a subsample of children and adolescents with overweight to severe obesity enrolled in the TIGER Kids prospective cohort. The primary study also collects data on habitual physical and sedentary activity, body weight and body composition, and cardiometabolic health markers.

Detailed Description
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The investigators will enroll 30 boys and girls (50% female) between the ages of 10-16 years and above the 85th BMI percentile (i.e., overweight to severe obesity) in this pilot ancillary study. The objective is to examine interactions between the following energy-balance related factors: Ad libitum post-exercise food intake Cognitive factors, including inhibitory control, food wanting, and motivation for food Exercise-related factors, including cardiorespiratory fitness, substrate utilization (carbohydrate versus fat), and perceived exertion Habitual physical and sedentary activity Body composition and cardiometabolic health The prospective, longitudinal nature of the study will allow the investigators to examine these variables cross-sectionally and quantify change over two years. Of particular interest is whether cognitive factors related to energy balance, including perceived exertion, inhibitory control, food wanting, and food motivation, vary across time or are relatively stable. Finally, the investigators will assess the ability of these factors to predict changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health over two years.

Official Title
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Translational Investigation of Growth and Everyday Routines in Kids (TIGER Kids) Fitness Ancillary

Conditions
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Childhood Obesity

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Eligible for the TIGER Kids primary study BMI >/= 85th percentile Height >/= 4 feet 6 inches Weight < 350 pounds Exclusion Criteria: Anemia American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) contraindications to exercise testing (i.e., medical history of cardiovascular or pulmonary conditions, physical conditions that affect the ability to exercise)

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 10 Years
Maximum Age: 16 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Baseline cardiorespiratory fitness | Cardiorespiratory fitness, or VO2peak in mL/kg/min, is measured using a graded cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue. | Year 0 | 
| Change in cardiorespiratory fitness over 2 years | Cardiorespiratory fitness, or VO2peak in mL/kg/min, is measured using a graded cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue. | Year 0 and Year 2 | 
| Baseline energy intake | Ad libitum energy intake in kilocalories is measured using a in-laboratory dinner test-meal. Participants can eat as much or as little as they would like from the available food, which is provided in excess of energy needs. | Year 0 | 
| Change in energy intake over 2 years | Ad libitum energy intake in kilocalories is measured using a in-laboratory dinner test-meal. Participants can eat as much or as little as they would like from the available food, which is provided in excess of energy needs. | Year 0 and Year 2 | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Baseline inhibitory control | Inhibitory control is measured using a Go/No-go behavioral task administered on a computer. Errors, false alarms, and reaction times are collected for various conditions: baseline, food rewards (favorite snack and least favorite snack from a selected list of options) and neutral control (unrewarded). | Year 0 | 
| Change in inhibitory control over 2 years | Inhibitory control is measured using a Go/No-go behavioral task administered on a computer. Errors, false alarms, and reaction times are collected for various conditions: baseline, food rewards (favorite snack and least favorite snack from a selected list of options) and neutral control (unrewarded). | Year 0 and Year 2 | 
| Baseline Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) | The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) consists of three appetite-related subscales: Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating, and Uncontrolled Eating. Subscales are scored on a range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct. | Year 0 | 
| Change in Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) over 2 years | The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 18-item version 2 (TFEQ-R18v2) consists of three appetite-related subscales: Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating, and Uncontrolled Eating. Subscales are scored on a range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct. | Year 0 and Year 2 | 
| Baseline appetite-related Visual Analog Scales (VAS) | The following constructs are measured before and after the fitness test and before and after the dinner test-meal: Hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, satisfaction, and wanting for specific foods (age-appropriate and commonly consumed foods for this population). VAS scores range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct. | Year 0 | 
| Change in appetite-related Visual Analog Scales (VAS) over 2 years | The following constructs are measured before and after the fitness test and before and after the dinner test-meal: Hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, satisfaction, and wanting for specific foods (age-appropriate and commonly consumed foods for this population). VAS scores range from 0-100, with higher scores representing higher levels of that construct. | Year 0 and Year 2 | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Cardiorespiratory fitness, Inhibitory control, Motivation, Food intake, Body composition