Training of the Inspiratory Musculature in the Improvement of Inspiratory Strength and Muscle Recovery in Soccer Players

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Soccer requires the activation of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. The increase of the ventilatory demand stimulates the increase of the neural impulse to the respiratory muscles, increasing the mechanical power of the inspiratory muscles. The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness in the improvement of the strength of the inspiratory muscles and the muscular recovery with the Powerbreathe® device in semi-professional soccer players. Randomized double-blind clinical study with follow-up period. 36 semi-professional soccer players from the province of Soria will be randomly distributed to the study groups: experimental (inspiratory muscle training with 50% resistance) and control (10% resistance training). The dependent variables will be: aerobic and anaerobic sports performance (Cooper's 12-Minute Run Test and Repeated Sprint Ability), blood lactate concentration (Lactate Scout®), and lung function using the ergo-respiratory parameters (maximum inspiratory pressure, expiratory pressure maximum, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second). The sample distribution will be calculated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The changes after each evaluation will be analyzed with the t-student test and with an ANOVA of repeated measures, the intra and intersubject effect will be observed. The effect size will be calculated using Cohen's formula. It is intended to observe improvement in inspiratory strength levels, decrease in blood lactate concentration and an increase in aerobic and anaerobic sports performance.

Official Title
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Efficacy of a Physiotherapy Intervention by Training the Inspiratory Muscles With the Powerbreathe® Device to Improve Inspiratory Strength and Muscle Recovery in Semi-professional Soccer Players. A Randomized Clinical Study

Conditions
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Breathing

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: 50% resistance
* Other: 10% resistance


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Football players Male With an age range of 18 to 35 years Which currently compete in the category of Spanish third division nationally. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects who have some type of injury that prevents them from practicing sports at the time of study With medical diagnosis of respiratory pathology That are not able to overcome the respiratory resistance of the device Have not signed the informed consent document.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 35 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Prevention
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Experimental group<br>Each session will last 10 minutes, taking place 5 days a week, over a period of 6 weeks. The intervention will take place at the beginning of each training session. Prior to training, the muscle training technique will be performed against a resistance of 50% of the maximum inspiratory pressure of each athlete | Other: 50% resistance<br>* Prior to training, the muscle training technique will be performed. The objective of applying the intervention using the Powerbreathe® device is to produce an increase in inspiratory force. The technique will be performed with the athlete standing, holding the device with his hand and his lips sealed on the mouthpiece. After a full expiration, you will make a quick and deep inspiration. The principal investigator of the study will ensure that the technique is performed correctly. There will be 2 series of 30 maximum inspirations. These interventions will be faced with a resistance of 50% of the maximum inspiratory pressure of each athlete<br>* Other names: Experimental group;|
| Active Comparator: Control group<br>Each session will last 10 minutes, taking place 5 days a week, over a period of 6 weeks. The intervention will take place at the beginning of each training session. Prior to training, the muscle training technique will be performed against a resistance of 10% of the maximum inspiratory pressure of each athlete | Other: 10% resistance<br>* Prior to training, the muscle training technique will be performed. The objective of applying the intervention using the Powerbreathe® device is to produce an increase in inspiratory force. The technique will be performed with the athlete standing, holding the device with his hand and his lips sealed on the mouthpiece. After a full expiration, you will make a quick and deep inspiration. The principal investigator of the study will ensure that the technique is performed correctly. There will be 2 series of 30 maximum inspirations. These interventions will be faced with a resistance of 10% of the maximum inspiratory pressure of each athlete<br>* Other names: Control group;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline inspiratory force after treatment and at month | An assessment will be made by spirometry of the maximum inspiratory pressure. A portable spirometer will be used (Mir Smart One model, MIR INC, New Berlin, WI, USA). The evaluation will be carried out according to the protocol indicated by the American Thoracic Society. The athlete will be placed in standing position holding the mouthpiece with his hand and with the wise sealed around it. After a full expiration you will proceed to a quick and deep inspiration. The unit of measure of this measuring instrument is cmH2O. A higher score indicates a greater inspiratory force. | Screening visit, within the first seven days after treatment and after one month follow-up visit | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Change from baseline muscle recovery after treatment and at month | It will be done by measuring blood lactate concentration. The measurement protocol used was described by Coyle et al. A puncture will be made in the earlobe for blood measurement, using puncture lancets, while the results will be analyzed with a lactate analyzer, model Lactate Scout 4 (model Scout Lactate, EKF Diagnostics, Germany). The unit of measure is mmol / l. A lower concentration of lactate in the blood indicates a greater capacity for muscle recovery. | Screening visit, within the first seven days after treatment and after one month follow-up visit | 
| Change from baseline aerobic performance after treatment and at month | It will be done by applying the Cooper's 12-Minute Run test. With this test, the number of laps that the athlete is able to run in a period of 12 minutes, to an area of 300 meters, will be measured. The unit of measure is the number of turns that the player is able to perform, indicating a greater distance, a greater aerobic performance. | Screening visit, within the first seven days after treatment and after one month follow-up visit | 
| Change from baseline anaerobic performance after treatment and at month | It will be done by applying the Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) test. With this test, the time it takes for the athlete to make 6 sprints of 40 meters (20 + 20) with 20 seconds of rest between each one will be measured. The unit of measure is temporary (seconds). Performing sprints in less time indicates greater anaerobic performance. | Screening visit, within the first seven days after treatment and after one month follow-up visit | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Breathing exercises, Soccer, Maximal respiratory pressures, Muscle Strength, Muscle fatigue