HIV Internet Sex Study: Internet-based STI/HIV Prevention for HIV+ Internet Users

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The goal of this study was to empirically test a newly developed online HIV sexual risk reduction intervention (HINTS) among a representative sample of gay and bisexual men living with HIV who meet sex partners online.

Detailed Description
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Internet-based venues such as websites, chat rooms, blogs, and bulletin boards are becoming an increasingly popular means for HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) to meet potential sex partners. The anonymity, quickness, and convenience offered by online venues allows for numerous potential sex partners to be identified and screened with the possibility to meet in person. However, there are potential health hazards associated with meeting sex partners online, including an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and thus there is an urgent need for online behavioral interventions to help reduce STI/HIV risks associated with Internet-initiated sexual liaisons. This research involves developmental intervention studies to design and field test an online, theory-based behavioral risk reduction intervention for HIV-positive MSM who use the Internet to meet potential sex partners. Guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health promoting behaviors the investigators will conduct 3 stages of intervention development research, as follows: (1) perform initial interviews and focus groups with HIV-positive MSM who use the Internet to meet sex partners. Stage 1 will also bring together expert and community consultants to aid in the intervention development. Based on information gained from rapid formative studies, this first stage of research will directly lead to the development a novel online theory-based sexual risk reduction intervention; (2) test the feasibility and acceptability of the newly developed online STI/HIV risk reduction intervention with a sample of HIV-positive MSM who use the Internet to meet sexual partners. Stage 2 will also involve programming an audio-computer assisted interview for data collection; and (3) conduct a randomized field test to determine the potential efficacy of the risk reduction intervention for MSM who use the Internet to potentially meet sex partners. Participants in the field test will be randomly assigned to either receive the newly developed intervention or a time-matched attention comparison condition. Stage 3 will include testing for differences between groups on behavioral risk and Internet use outcomes across a 6-month follow-up period. The investigators will also examine the intervention effects on mediating and moderating constructs of information, motivation, and behavioral skills. The proposed intervention research will therefore develop new STI/HIV prevention strategies delivered exclusively online for use with people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who use the Internet to meet potential sex partners. The results from this study will provide preliminary data on which to conduct a larger-scale, randomized controlled clinical trial in the future.

Official Title
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Internet-based STI/HIV Prevention for HIV+ Internet Users

Conditions
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HIV-1 Infection, Risk Reduction

Intervention / Treatment
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* Behavioral: HINTS Intervention
* Behavioral: Healthy Living Control


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: being over 18 years of age self-identifying as gay or bisexual living with HIV/AIDS reporting having used the Internet at least once to meet a potential sex partner reporting any history of unprotected anal sex with a male partner. Exclusion Criteria: non-fluency in English inability to participate in online group intervention

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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Male

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Treatment
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Single


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: HINTS Intervention<br>The HINTS intervention consisted of an online four-session group intervention for 45 minutes, twice a week for two weeks. In each session, facilitators presented information, motivational skills, and behavioral skills related to a specific topic relevant to online partner seeking and transmission risk reduction, including Internet safety and communication, condom negotiation, and serostatus disclosure. | Behavioral: HINTS Intervention<br>* HINTS is a four-session, group-based behavioral intervention delivered exclusively online and developed using the IMB model of health behavior change focused on sexual risk reduction.<br>|
| Active Comparator: Healthy Living Control<br>The Healthy Living Control condition consisted of an online four-session group intervention for 45 minutes, twice a week for two weeks. In each session, facilitators presented information, motivational skills, and behavioral skills to address non-sexual health-related topics particularly relevant to individuals living with HIV, such as nutrition, healthy eating, portion control, exercise and staying active, and stress reduction. | Behavioral: Healthy Living Control<br>* The Healthy Living Control is a four-session, group-based behavioral intervention delivered exclusively online and developed using the IMB model of health behavior change focused on non-sexual health topics.<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sexual risk behavior, such as condomless anal sex with sexual partners, will be assessed via a self-report survey. Data will be aggregated and reported as counts or occurrences. |  | 6 months |