Non-genetic Risk Factors of Congenital Cataracts

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Prevention and treatment of the reversible childhood blindness, including congenital cataracts (CC), has been listed as a significant component of the international programme VISION 2020 - the Right to Sight launched by WHO in 1999. However, there is still a lot of unsolved problems regarding to CC, especially in developing countries, such as the delayed presentation and treatment to the hospitals, the lack of specialized treatment departments, and the poor treatment prognosis. With the two children policy opened in China in 2016, many CC parents hesitate to have a second child due to the potential high risk of CC. Date on detailed clinical characteristics of the CC children, including the demography, pregnancy-labor history, and living condition, are crucial for developing the national screening strategies of CC in Pregnant women. However, to our knowledge, it still lacks of thus large population-based and comprehensive investigations of the characteristics of CC children in developing countries.

Detailed Description
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Prevention and treatment of the reversible childhood blindness, including congenital cataracts (CC), has been listed as a significant component of the international programme VISION 2020 - the Right to Sight launched by WHO in 1999. However, there is still a lot of unsolved problems regarding to CC, especially in developing countries, such as the delayed presentation and treatment to the hospitals, the lack of specialized treatment departments, and the poor treatment prognosis. With the two children policy opened in China in 2016, many CC parents hesitate to have a second child due to the potential high risk of CC. Date on detailed clinical characteristics of the CC children, including the demography, pregnancy-labor history, and living condition, are crucial for developing the national screening strategies of CC in Pregnant women. However, to our knowledge, it still lacks of thus large population-based and comprehensive investigations of the characteristics of CC children in developing countries. Supporting by the National Ministry of Health and the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC), a specialized eye facility with the largest CC database in China, we therefore comprehensively investigated the demography, pregnancy-labor history, and living condition of CC children with their first visits to the hospital. We also further established a mathematic model of non-genetic risk factors of congenital cataracts. The implications of this study will be of clinical importance to roughly predict the risk of CC in pregnant women.

Official Title
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Establishment of the Mathematic Model of Non-genetic Risk Factors of Congenital Cataracts

Conditions
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Cataract

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: observational study


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of congenital cataract. Less than 18 years old. Exclusion Criteria: The children with definite or suspected ocular trauma (including blunt trauma) history and those with regular ocular or systemic steroid history were excluded from this study. The children came from the welfare homes with unclear family heredity and gestation history information were also excluded.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Maximum Age: 18 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Cataract children<br>All children in this group were diagnosed as congenital cataracts. The four respects of following information of CC patients were collected and confirmed: 1) demography: including age, sex, and laterality; 2) family and pregnancy-labor histories: including family history, mothers' disease and medication histories during pregnancy, premature or term infant, cesarean or eutocia, and history of oxygen inspiration/infant incubator; 3) complicated systemic diseases; 4) living environment: including radiation/pollution exposure, parental smoking, parental education level, and family income. | Other: observational study<br> <br> |
| Healthy children<br>All children in this group were healthy and without cataracts. The four respects of following information of CC patients were collected and confirmed: 1) demography: including age, sex, and laterality; 2) family and pregnancy-labor histories: including family history, mothers' disease and medication histories during pregnancy, premature or term infant, cesarean or eutocia, and history of oxygen inspiration/infant incubator; 3) complicated systemic diseases; 4) living environment: including radiation/pollution exposure, parental smoking, parental education level, and family income. | |

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Demography (age, sex, and laterality) | The demography of cataract and healthy children were recorded by using a semi-structured questionnaire. | Baseline | 
| Family and pregnancy-labor histories (family history, mothers' disease and medication histories during pregnancy, premature or term infant, cesarean or eutocia, and history of oxygen inspiration/infant incubator) | Measured by using a semi-structured questionnaire. | Baseline | 
| Complicated systemic diseases (congenital heart diseases, brain diseases, favism, etc.) | Measured by using a semi-structured questionnaire. | Baseline | 
| Living environment (radiation/pollution exposure, parental smoking, parental education) | Measured by using a semi-structured questionnaire. | Baseline | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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congenital cataract, risk factor, mathematic model