Muscle Architecture of Lower Extremity In Multiple Sclerosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The aim of this study was to determine the muscle architecture of the lower extremity muscles (pennation angle, muscle fiber length and muscle thickness) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Lower extremity muscles of patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals; rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrosoleus and gastrocnemius muscles will be examined by ultrasound method.

Detailed Description
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by complex and heterogeneous symptoms, often leading to reduced quality of life and impaired functional capacity. The latter is related to reduced muscle strength of predominately the lower limbs . The mechanisms underlying the observed strength deficits are of muscular as well as neural origin . At the whole muscle level, a number of studies have examined skeletal muscle characteristics of MS patients, with some studies but not all, reporting loss of muscle mass and decreased or comparable maximal muscle strength. However, there is no study describing the features of lower extremity muscle architecture in multiple sclerosis. Muscle architecture is defined as the alignment of muscle fibers with respect to the axis of force. Although the diameters of the muscles of different sizes are quite similar to the diameters of the fibers, the sequences of these fibers contain several differences. The alignment of the muscle forming fibers has a significant effect on the force of muscle formation. The parameters that determine muscle architecture characteristics are the muscle fiber length, pennation angle, the physiological cross-sectional area. For each muscle these parameters may differ from each other. Any type of load in the case is the result of an adaptation process that results in muscle development. Muscle architecture allows the macroscopic understanding and interpretation of this adaptation process. Determining the muscle architecture of multiple sclerosis patients by ultrasound will guide the rehabilitation process.

Official Title
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Muscle Architecture of Lower Extremity In Multiple Sclerosis

Conditions
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Multiple Sclerosis

Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: 18-50 years old Individuals who agree to be voluntary, With the EDSS 4 and below Without pregnancy Do not receive corticosteroid treatment in the last month Do not take any medicine that will affect walking in the last 1 month Exclusion Criteria: Those who refuse to volunteer, EDSS over 4 Pregnancy Corticosteroid therapy within 1 month Any medication that will affect walking in the last 1 month

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle Architecture Pennation Angle | Pennation Angle will be assesed by ultrasound imaging. | The evaluation will be made on the first 1 day. | 
| Muscle Architecture Muscle Fiber Lengh | Muscle Fiber Lenght will be assesed by ultrasound imaging. | The evaluation will be made on the first 1 day. | 
| Muscle Architecture Muscle Thickness | Muscle Thickness will be assesed by ultrasound imaging. | The evaluation will be made on the first 1 day. | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Muscle Strength | Ouadriceps, Hamstring, Gastrosoleus and Gastrocnemius muscle Strenght will be asses with digital hand-held dynamometer (Commander PowerTrack II muscle tester). | The evaluation will be made on the first 1 day. | 
| Circumference Measurement of Thigh | Thigh circumference will be measured with a tape measure. Thigh circumference measurement will be measured from the midline of the inguinal line and superior patella. | The evaluation will be made on the first 1 day. | 
| Circumference Measurement of shin | Shin circumference will be measured with a tape measure.Shin circumference measurement will be measured from the poplital line and the middle point of the achilles. | The evaluation will be made on the first 1 day. | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Multiple Sclerosis, Muscle Architecture, Lower extremity