How Much Reliable iv Calcium for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia?

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Hyperkalemia is a common problem in the emergency services and one of the life threatening metabolic emergencies. Calcium, insulin, beta adrenoceptor agonists, bicarbonate, diuretics, sodium polystyrene sulfonate and lastly dialysis are advised in treatment. Especially, avoiding evolution of serious arrythmias and iv calcium using in the treatment of occured electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, there is not sufficient level of survey in the literature. So the aim of this study was to evaluate administration of iv calcium efficiency on vital signs and ECG.

Detailed Description
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Hyperkalemia is a common problem in the emergency services and one of the life threatening metabolic emergencies. Serious hyperkalemia is mostly seen in patients who have known chronic renal failure or end stage renal disease, and also new diagnosis of acute renal failure can be appear with serious hyperkalemia. Paresthesia and weakness which is proceeded to flask paralysis can be observable, sharp ''T'' waves (the repolarization and relaxation of the ventricles), diminution of ''P'' waves (atrial depolarisation and contraction), long ''PR'' intervals (time frame from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization), or elongated ''QRS'' complexes (depolarisation and contraction of the ventricles), ''ST'' segment (end of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave) elevation, and serious ventricular arrythmias can be seen in electrocardiography. Calcium, insulin, beta adrenoceptor agonists, bicarbonate, diuretics, sodium polystyrene sulfonate and lastly dialysis are advised in treatment. Especially, avoiding evolution of serious arrythmias and İv calcium using in the treatment of occured ''ECG'' abnormalities, there is not sufficient level of survey in the literature. The group of Cochrane stated in systematic assessment report, which is published in 2005 about IV calcium administration, available dates are based on anecdotal and animal experiments. And in the researches that we have done, we did not find clinical human studies showing the benefits of calcium administration beyond the delivery of case reports . The aim of this study was to evaluate administration of İv calcium efficiency on vital signs and ECG.

Official Title
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How Much Reliable iv Calcium for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia?

Conditions
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Acute Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure

Intervention / Treatment
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* Device: Electrocardiogram (ECG)


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All patients who had ECG changes due to hyperpotassemia (K>5.5 mmol/l) Exclusion Criteria: Arrest patients Patients needed antiarrhythmic interventions Patients need inotropic that may cause ECG changes Patients need atropine during emergency treatment prior to Ca-gluconate Patients needed cardioversion or defibrillation Hyperpotassemia with myocardial infarction In the presence of other situations which changes ECG for example pericarditis Unstabile patients for ideal ECG Digoxin usage Trauma blood calcium level of > 10.5 mg/dl
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Intervention/Treatment |
| --- |
|Device: Electrocardiogram (ECG)|ECG and vital parameters were obtained before and after recommended standard calcium gluconate therapy for hyperkalemia|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ECG changes after the calcium infusion |  | 10 minutes | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pulse changes after the calcium infusion |  | 10 minutes | 
| Blood pressure changes after the calcium infusion |  | 10 minutes | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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calcium gluconate, hyperpotassemia treatment