Oral Health and Risk Factors for Oral Disease

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Oral health has improved considerably in recent decades in Sweden, as well as in other countries. However, despite great improvements with regard to periodontal disease and dental caries in recent decades, global problems still persist, and as a consequence of retaining natural teeth high up in age, the risk for oral disease increases.

Detailed Description
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Traditionally, the number of teeth has been a measure of good oral health, and the World Health Organization (WHO) stipulated goals of a minimum of 20 functional teeth at the age of 80 years have been reached in some industrialized countries. Oral Health means more than good teeth and is integral to general health. The relationship between oral and general health has been recognized. For example, periodontal disease is associated with diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The severity of periodontal disease and number of teeth have been associated with an increased burden of cardiovascular disease. There is a lack of longitudinal studies of oral Health and risk factors for oral disease.

Official Title
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A 10 Year Longitudinal Study of Oral Health and Risk Factors for Oral Disease

Conditions
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Periodontal Diseases, Dental Caries, Quality of Life

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: EpiWux


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: None Exclusion Criteria: None

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 35 Years
Maximum Age: 85 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Adults<br>Age Groups 35, 50, 65, 75 and 85 | Other: EpiWux<br>* A cross-sectional and longitudinal study including a questionnaire and a clinical examination<br>* Other names: Oral Health;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Periodontal disease | The severity of alveolar bone loss are based on bone levels at interproximal sites as seen on radiographs in the premolar and molar regions in both jaws. The diagnostic categories are (1)'no bone loss', defined as normal alveolar bone height in the molar and premolar regions (i.e., a distance ≤2 mm between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest (2) moderate bone loss, defined as alveolar bone loss >2 mm but not exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on two to three teeth in the molar-premolar region; and (3)'severe bone loss', defined as alveolar bone loss exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on more than three teeth in the molar and premolar regions. | 10 years (2008-2018) | 
| Periodontal disease | The severity of alveolar bone loss are based on bone levels at interproximal sites as seen on radiographs in the premolar and molar regions in both jaws. The diagnostic categories are (1)'no bone loss', defined as normal alveolar bone height in the molar and premolar regions (i.e., a distance ≤2 mm between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest (2) moderate bone loss, defined as alveolar bone loss >2 mm but not exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on two to three teeth in the molar-premolar region; and (3)'severe bone loss', defined as alveolar bone loss exceeding one-third of the length of the roots, or if angular bony defects/furcation defects degree II and III are present on more than three teeth in the molar and premolar regions. | At one occasion (2018) | 
| Risk factors for periodontal disease | A questionnaire is used to assess risk factors for periodontal disease.The outcome variables is: Education: Up to secondary school University or college of higher learning Economy for dental care: No limited financial resources for dental care Limited financial resources for dental care Marital status: Married/cohabitant Single living Tobacco use: Current smoker Former smoker | Ten years (2008-2018) | 
| Dental caries | Number of teeth with dental caries | 10 years (2008-2018) | 
| Dental caries | Number of teeth with dental caries | At one occasion (2018) | 
| Risk factors for dental caries | Number of teeth with dental caries | Ten years (2008-2018) | 
| Oral Health Related Quality of Life | A 9-item survey instrument (Oral Impact on Daily Performance), using a five-point Likert scale, ranging from never (1), less than once a month (2), 1-2 times a month (3), 1-2 times a week (4), and every, or nearly every day (5) was used. The questions are as follows: during the past 6 months, how often have problems with your mouth or teeth caused any difficulty with: Eating and enjoying food Speaking Pronouncing clearly Doing light physical activities Cleaning teeth Sleeping and relaxing Smiling, laughing and showing teeth without embarrassment Maintaining usual emotional state without being irritable Carrying out major work or social role and enjoying contact with people | One occasion (2018) |