Use of Saliva for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Although saliva is not generally regarded as one of the most interesting biological fluids, the fact that it can be sampled using simple, noninvasive methods makes it an interesting alternative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood for diagnostic purposes. The use of salivary diagnostics is moreover increasing these past 10 years, as shown with the abundant literature as well as various clinical trials. Saliva collection which is now well standardized has the major advantage of being simple and non-invasive. An original study had already discussed possible changes in the salivary composition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The feasibility and the potential interest of measuring saliva concentration of the amyloid peptides was reported in an article published recently. The prospect of using saliva for early diagnosis and monitoring of AD is thus of major interest and the objective of the current trial.

Detailed Description
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Saliva samples To minimize the circadian effects, saliva specimens were all collected between 9:00 and 11:00 a.m. Prior to the sampling procedure, participants rinsed out their mouths three times with water. To induce salivary production, patients were asked to chew neutral or citric acid impregnated Salivette cotton swabs for exactly 60 seconds. Saliva specimens were centrifuged for 2 minutes at a rate of 1000 g to yield clear saliva, which was aliquoted into 500 µL samples in LoBind tubes and stored at -80°C before being analyzed. Design of the study Saliva sampling will be performed at V0 (M0), V1 (M12) and V2 (M24). Blood sampling will take place also in V1 (M12). The cases and the controls will be systematically reviewed 12 months after inclusion with a new saliva collection and a cognitive assessment (for cases and controls). Amyloid peptide quantification Levels of human endogenous Aβ40 and Aβ42 in saliva and human plasma samples are determined with human specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Biosource International, Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 50 μl of saliva and plasma samples were added in triplicate to the microtiter wells. Detection limit of the assay was 6 pg/ml for Aβ40 and 1 pg/ml for Aβ42.

Official Title
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Predictive Value of the Aβ Peptides Salivary Dosage for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

Conditions
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Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Saliva samples


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Men/Women; Aged ≥ 55 years and 80 years; Patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI), not answering either the criteria of a normal cognitive functioning or the criteria of the insanity, but meeting the criteria of diagnosis of following MCI in the term of a complete cognitive balance sheet (assessment) and according to the diagnostic procedure published by the work group on the MCI of the EADC: Mnesic complaint Decline of the cognitive performances with regard to the previous capacities Cognitive disorders(confusions) objectified by the clinical evaluation (change of the memory and/or another cognitive sphere) The cognitive change has no echo on the everyday life Not dementia syndrome Signature of the informed consent by the patient; Subject affiliated to a national insurance scheme. Exclusion Criteria: Edentulous total or poor oral hygiene; Absence of the signed informed consent; Clinical and laboratory information insufficient or unavailable; Patient deprived of freedom, by court or administrative order; Major protected by law; Presence of a contagious viral affection (HIV, hepatitis B and C); Patient included in a therapeutic trial targeting the metabolism of metabolism of amyloid peptides ; Patient in period of relative exclusion with regard to another protocol or for which the annual maximum amount of the 4500-compensations was reached.

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years
Maximum Age: 80 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Other: Patients with Alzheimer disease<br>Saliva samples were collected on this patients | Other: Saliva samples<br>* saliva specimens were collected using a neutral or citric acid impregnated Salivette cotton swabs on Alzheimer patients to quantify the level of amyloid peptides<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Aβ40 and Aβ42 | Amyloid quantification using ultra sensitive immunoassays | 24 months | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Neuropsychologic tests | Neuropsychologic questionaries assessed on the Alzheimer patients | 24 months | 
| ApoE polymorphism | Measure of the ApoE polymorphism by biological analyses | 24 months | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Alzheimer's disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Saliva, Amyloid peptides, Diagnosis