Haemoglobin Concentration on COVID-19

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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A rapid oxygen desaturation has observed in patients with COVID-19 which have seriously respiratory failure and most of them have intubated and connected to the mechanical ventilator. Finally, many of them have died during the process. ORF8 and superficial glycoproteins of a novel coronavirus bind to porphyrin on haemoglobin molecules and inhibit heme metabolism in an erythrocyte. However, it is not clarify the effects of the novel coronavirus on mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular of haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC).

Detailed Description
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In late December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology began to appear in Wuhan, Hubei, China. This disease, which was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, was identified as serious acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease, which spread rapidly from person to person, quickly became a pandemic in the world. Some of the patients who admitted with high fever, cough and respiratory distress have been curing in intensive care units due to severe respiratory failure. A rapid oxygen desaturation has observed in these patients, and most of the patients have intubated and connected to the mechanical ventilator, but many of them have died in this process. Until May 02, 2020, approximately 3,5 million COVID-19 cases were detected throughout the world and nearly 250 thousand people died. In this process, to identfy the reasons of the respiratory failure and oxygen desaturation has a high scientific value. Alveolar edema and reactive pneumocyte hyperplasia accompanied by inflammatory infiltration in the lung during the early stage of infection may cause disruption of oxygen transport. In some cases, the alveolar exudate organization and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis accompany this process, and the desquamation of the mucosal epithelium and the bronchi are covered with a mucous plug. The resulting destruction is thought to cause desaturation by affecting oxygen transport. A novel coronavirus has a positive stranded RNA nucleic acid. In addition to its structural spikes, envelope and membrane proteins, it has non-structural proteins such as ORF1ab, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF10 and ORF8. Inhibitory effects of these proteins on haemoglobin may be a reason for rapid desaturation. By binding to the porphyrin of ORF8 and superficial glycoproteins on the hemoglobin, it inhibits the heme metabolism and patients' haemoglobin levels may be low. However, it is not clear the effects of the disease on mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular of haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Demonstrating the relationship between these parameters and the severity of the disease is of great importance in the treatment of the disease in terms of further studies. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of the disease on erythrocyte indices and to show the effectiveness of erythrocyte indices in predicting the severity of the disease.

Official Title
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An Important Index on Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Erythrocyte Haemoglobin Concentration

Conditions
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Corona Virus Infection

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: File scanning


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: All patients with COVID-19 test (+) using the PCR technique Exclusion Criteria: Those receiving blood products or any drugs that will affect their blood values before admission Those patient with any hematologic diseases
Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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No

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Group OP<br>outpatients with asymptomatic or uncomplicated or mild pneumonia | Other: File scanning<br>* RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH, MCV, MCHC, WBC values will be noted in the hemogram test performed at the time of initial admission<br>|
| Group H<br>hospitalized patients | Other: File scanning<br>* RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH, MCV, MCHC, WBC values will be noted in the hemogram test performed at the time of initial admission<br>|
| Group IC<br>patients admitted to intensive care unit | Other: File scanning<br>* RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH, MCV, MCHC, WBC values will be noted in the hemogram test performed at the time of initial admission<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Relationship between severity of disease and values of erythrocyte indices | The severity of disease can decrease haemoglobin concentration and destroy oxygen transport. | 5 days | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sensitivity of haemoglobin concentration on severity of the disease | Detecting of cut-off value of haemoglobine indices can predict severity of the disease | 5 days | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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coronavirus, haemoglobin concentration, COVID-19, severity of disease