Assessing the Link Between Smoke Carcinogen Biomarkers and Lung Cancer Risk - 1

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Currently it remains impossible to predict which smokers will get cancer. Each puff of a cigarette delivers a mixture of over 60 known carcinogens. Biomarkers that quantify carcinogen levels and metabolism are a useful tool and available to use. The purpose of this study is to assess the link between tobacco smoke carcinogen biomarkers and the risk of developing lung cancer.

Detailed Description
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Approximately 90% of lung cancer is caused by cigarette smoking. While most lung cancer cases occur in smokers or ex-smokers, only 15-25% of smokers will get lung cancer. Currently it remains impossible to predict which smokers will get cancer. Each puff of a cigarette delivers, along with nicotine, a mixture of over 60 known carcinogens. Most of these carcinogens require metabolic activation before they can negatively affect cell DNA and cause cancer. Biomarkers that quantify carcinogen levels and metabolic activity of carcinogens are a useful tool and available to use. The purpose of this study is to assess the link between tobacco smoke carcinogen biomarkers and the risk of developing lung cancer. This observational case-control study will involve a random selection from a group of smokers who are participating in the Prostrate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screen Trial. The chosen cases will include 300 incident lung cancer cases and 300 controls (participants who have had no diagnosis of lung cancer). Demographic and baseline data from the PLCO database will be obtained. Prior baseline blood samples from the PLCO trial will be obtained as well. Based on age, sex, and smoking history, participants will be grouped into triplets in order to pool their blood samples. These samples will then be analyzed to determine whether distributions of biomarker levels in lung cancer participants differ from those in non-lung cancer participants. This study will not involve recruitment of any participants, as data and samples from the PLCO trial will be used and no new blood samples will be obtained.

Official Title
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Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screen Trial

Conditions
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Tobacco Use Disorder, Lung Cancer

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Non-intervention


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Screening arm participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Screen Trial (PLCO) Reported smoking on baseline questionnaire of PLCO Contributed biorepository samples Exclusion Criteria: Unstable physical or mental health

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 55 Years
Maximum Age: 74 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Cases<br>Lung cancer cases diagnosed prior to 2007 among baseline smokers in the PLCO | Other: Non-intervention<br>* Measured total NNAL and PheT as biomarkers of exposure<br>* Other names: NNAL-glucuronide, phenanthrene tetraol;|
| Controls<br>Subjects without lung cancer among smokers at baseline in the PLCO study | Other: Non-intervention<br>* Measured total NNAL and PheT as biomarkers of exposure<br>* Other names: NNAL-glucuronide, phenanthrene tetraol;|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lung cancer |  | Cumulative incidence | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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Lung Cancer, Cotinine, NNAL, Carcinogens, Case-control, SNPs