The Effects of Lentil-containing Food Products on Satiety and Food Intake

Study Overview
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Brief Summary
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The Lentil Satiety study will examine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with two types of lentils within food products (muffins and chilies) on satiety and food intake in healthy adults.

Detailed Description
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The Lentil Satiety study will examine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with two types of lentils (small green Eston and red split) within food products (muffins and chilies) on satiety and food intake in healthy adults, for a total of 6 study treatments. A total of 3 to 6 study visits (corresponding to consuming all muffins and/or all chilies) will take place where participants will consume one of the study treatments and subsequently complete satiety questionnaires over 180 minutes to measure satiety as subjective appetite sensations (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption). At 180 minutes, participants will receive ad libitum pizza and bottled water to consume until they are comfortably full for a measure of weighed food intake. At the end of each study visit, participants will be given a food scale and instructed to weigh and record all food and drink consumed for the remainder of the day for a measure of 24-hour energy intake.

Official Title
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The Effects of Lentil-containing Food Products on Satiety and Food Intake in Healthy Adults

Conditions
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Appetite, Satiety, Food Intake

Intervention / Treatment
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* Other: Small Green Lentil Muffin
* Other: Split Red Lentil Muffin
* Other: Wheat Muffin
* Other: Small Green Lentil Chili
* Other: Split Red Lentil Chili
* Other: Rice Chili


Participation Criteria
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria: Healthy males and females Age 18 to 40 years old BMI 20-30 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg Major medical condition including a history of AIDS or hepatitis Medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization within 3 months of randomization Any medication use except stable dose (3 months) of oral contraceptives, blood pressure or statin medications Tobacco use Probiotic supplement use Dietary fibre supplement use Natural health products (NHPs) used for glycemic control (all other NHPs are ok, as long as stable for 3 months) Pulse consumption greater than 4 servings per week Food allergy or non-food life threatening allergy Pregnant or breastfeeding Alcohol consumption of greater than 14 drinks per week or greater than 4 drinks per sitting Recent or intended significant weight loss or gain (greater than 4kg in previous 3 months) Elite athletes Shift workers Breakfast skippers Score greater than 11, 9, or 8 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Cognitive Restraint, Disinhibition, and Hunger scales, respectively Dislike of frozen pizza

Ages Eligible for Study
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Minimum Age: 18 Years
Maximum Age: 40 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study
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All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers
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Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Study Plan
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How is the study designed?
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Design Details

Primary Purpose: Other
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)


Arms and Interventions

| Participant Group/Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
| --- | --- |
| Experimental: Small Green Lentil Muffin<br> | Other: Small Green Lentil Muffin<br>* Consumption of small green lentil muffin; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes<br>|
| Experimental: Split Red Lentil Muffin<br> | Other: Split Red Lentil Muffin<br>* Consumption of split red lentil muffin; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Wheat Muffin<br> | Other: Wheat Muffin<br>* Consumption of wheat muffin; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes<br>|
| Experimental: Small Green Lentil Chili<br> | Other: Small Green Lentil Chili<br>* Consumption of small green lentil chili; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes<br>|
| Experimental: Split Red Lentil Chili<br> | Other: Split Red Lentil Chili<br>* Consumption of split red lentil chili; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes<br>|
| Placebo Comparator: Rice Chili<br> | Other: Rice Chili<br>* Consumption of rice chili; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes<br>|

What is the study measuring?
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Primary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Satiety | Satiety will be measured using 100mm visual analog scales (VAS) rating appetite sensations of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective consumption | Acute: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after treatment consumption | 
| Food Intake | Food intake will be measured as kilocalories using an ad libitum cheese pizza test meal | Acute: 180 minutes following consumption of treatment | 

Secondary Outcome Measures

| Outcome Measure | Measure Description | Time Frame |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 24-hour Energy Intake | 24-hour energy intake will be measured by providing electronic food scales to participants to weigh and record all food and drink consumed for the rest of the day after leaving the study visit | Acute: 24 hours | 

 Terms related to the study
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Keywords Provided by Centre Hospitalier Valida
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lentils, satiety, appetite, food intake, 24-hour energy intake