[BasE91](http://base91.sourceforge.net/) is a method for encoding binary as ASCII characters. It is more efficient than Base64 and needs 91 characters to represent the encoded data.

The following ASCII charakters are used:

    'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789'
    '!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"'
    
Create two functions that encode strings to basE91 string and decodes the other way round. 

    b91encode('test') = 'fPNKd'
    b91decode('fPNKd') = 'test'
    
    b91decode('>OwJh>Io0Tv!8PE') = 'Hello World!'
    b91encode('Hello World!') = '>OwJh>Io0Tv!8PE'
    
Input strings are valid.

Difficulty: MEDIUM_HARD
Starter code: def b91decode(strng):
	

Solutions:
from math import ceil

def b91decode(strng):
	ret = ''
	base91_alphabet = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+', ',', '.', '/', ':', ';', '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', '[', ']', '^', '_', '`', '{', '|', '}', '~', '"']
	strng_arr = [strng[i:i + 2] for i in range(0, len(strng), 2)]
	origin_bin = ''
	for str in strng_arr:
		num = 0
		if len(str) == 1:
			num += base91_alphabet.index(str[0])
			origin_bin = bin(num)[2:] + origin_bin
		else:
			num += base91_alphabet.index(str[0])
			num += base91_alphabet.index(str[1]) * 91
			if num & 8191 > 88:
				origin_bin = bin(num)[2:].zfill(13) + origin_bin
			else:
				origin_bin = bin(num)[2:].zfill(14) + origin_bin
	origin_bin = origin_bin.zfill(int(ceil(len(origin_bin) / 8.0)) * 8)
	ret = [origin_bin[i:i + 8] for i in range(0, len(origin_bin), 8)]
	return ''.join(map(lambda x: chr(int(x, 2)), ret))[::-1]

def b91encode(strng):
	base91_alphabet = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+', ',', '.', '/', ':', ';', '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', '[', ']', '^', '_', '`', '{', '|', '}', '~', '"']
	ret = ''
	strng_bin = map(lambda x: bin(ord(x))[2:].zfill(8), list(strng))
	strng_bin_r = ''
	for i in range(len(strng_bin)):
		strng_bin_r = strng_bin[i] + strng_bin_r
	strng_bin_r = strng_bin_r[::-1]
	index = 0
	while index < len(strng_bin_r):
		num = int(strng_bin_r[index:index + 13][::-1], 2)
		if num > 88:
			index += 13
			ret += base91_alphabet[num % 91] + base91_alphabet[num / 91]
		else:
			num = int(strng_bin_r[index:index + 14][::-1], 2)
			index += 14
			ret += base91_alphabet[num % 91] + base91_alphabet[num / 91]
	ret = ret[0:len(ret) - 2]
	if num > 90:
		ret += base91_alphabet[num % 91] + base91_alphabet[num / 91]
	else:
		ret += base91_alphabet[num % 91]
	return ret


import struct
b91abc = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"'

def b91decode(strng):
	(a, b, c) = (-1, 0, 0)
	result = bytearray()
	for char in strng:
		if not char in b91abc:
			continue
		ind = b91abc.index(char)
		if a < 0:
			a = ind
		else:
			a += ind * 91
			b |= a << c
			c += 13 if a & 8191 > 88 else 14
			while True:
				result += struct.pack('B', b & 255)
				b >>= 8
				c -= 8
				if c <= 7:
					break
			a = -1
	if a + 1:
		result += struct.pack('B', (b | a << c) & 255)
	return result.decode()

def b91encode(strng):
	(a, b) = (0, 0)
	result = ''
	for count in range(len(strng)):
		byte = strng.encode()[count:count + 1]
		b |= struct.unpack('B', byte)[0] << a
		a += 8
		if a > 13:
			c = b & 8191
			if c > 88:
				b >>= 13
				a -= 13
			else:
				c = b & 16383
				b >>= 14
				a -= 14
			result += b91abc[c % 91] + b91abc[c // 91]
	if a:
		result += b91abc[b % 91]
		if a > 7 or b > 90:
			result += b91abc[b // 91]
	return result


import struct
CHARSET = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"'

def b91decode(message):
	value = stack = 0
	out = bytes()
	for (first, second) in zip(message[::2], message[1::2]):
		cipher = CHARSET.index(first) + CHARSET.index(second) * 91
		value |= cipher << stack
		stack += 13 + (cipher & 8191 < 89)
		while stack > 7:
			out += struct.pack('B', value & 255)
			value >>= 8
			stack -= 8
	if len(message) % 2:
		rogue = message[-1]
		out += struct.pack('B', (value | CHARSET.index(rogue) << stack) & 255)
	return out.decode('utf-8')

def b91encode(data):
	value = stack = 0
	out = ''
	for (byte,) in struct.iter_unpack('B', bytes(data, 'utf-8')):
		value |= byte << stack
		stack += 8
		if stack > 13:
			cipher = value & 8191
			if cipher > 88:
				value >>= 13
				stack -= 13
			else:
				cipher = value & 16383
				value >>= 14
				stack -= 14
			out += CHARSET[cipher % 91] + CHARSET[cipher // 91]
	return out + (value > 0) * CHARSET[value % 91]


import struct
mapp = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"'
dmapp = dict(((v, k) for (k, v) in enumerate(mapp)))

def b91decode(strng):
	dbq = 0
	dn = 0
	dv = -1
	res = bytearray()
	for s in strng:
		if not s in dmapp.keys():
			continue
		if dv == -1:
			dv = dmapp[s]
		else:
			dv += dmapp[s] * 91
			dbq |= dv << dn
			if dv & 8191 > 88:
				dn += 13
			else:
				dn += 14
			while True:
				res += struct.pack('B', dbq & 255)
				dbq >>= 8
				dn -= 8
				if dn <= 7:
					break
			dv = -1
	if dv != -1:
		res += struct.pack('B', (dbq | dv << dn) & 255)
	return res.decode('utf-8')

def b91encode(strng):
	en = 0
	ebq = 0
	res = ''
	for i in range(len(strng)):
		ebq |= (struct.unpack('B', strng[i].encode())[0] & 255) << en
		en += 8
		if en > 13:
			ev = ebq & 8191
			if ev > 88:
				ebq >>= 13
				en -= 13
			else:
				ev = ebq & 16383
				ebq >>= 14
				en -= 14
			res += mapp[ev % 91] + mapp[ev // 91]
	if en:
		res += mapp[ebq % 91]
		if en > 7 or ebq > 90:
			res += mapp[ebq / 91]
	return res


ENCODE = list('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"')
DECODE = dict(map(reversed, enumerate(ENCODE)))

def b91encode(s):
	(b, i) = (0, 0)
	r = ''
	for c in s:
		b |= ord(c) << i
		i += 8
		if i > 13:
			v = b & 8191
			k = 13
			if v < 89:
				v = b & 16383
				k += 1
			b >>= k
			i -= k
			r += ENCODE[v % 91] + ENCODE[v // 91]
	if i:
		r += ENCODE[b % 91]
		if i > 7 or b > 90:
			r += ENCODE[b // 91]
	return r

def b91decode(s):
	(v, b, i) = (-1, 0, 0)
	r = ''
	for c in s:
		c = DECODE[c]
		if ~v:
			v += c * 91
			b |= v << i
			i += 13 + (v & 8191 < 89)
			while 1:
				r += chr(b & 255)
				b >>= 8
				i -= 8
				if i < 8:
					break
			v = -1
		else:
			v = c
	if ~v:
		r += chr((b | v << i) & 255)
	return r


from itertools import zip_longest as lzip
b91abc = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"'

def b91decode(string):
	b = ''
	for (x, y) in lzip(*[iter(string)] * 2):
		num = 0
		if y is None:
			num += b91abc.index(x)
			b = bin(num)[2:] + b
		else:
			num += b91abc.index(x) + b91abc.index(y) * 91
			b = bin(num)[2:].zfill(13 if num & 8191 > 88 else 14) + b
	b = b.zfill((len(b) // 8 + 1) * 8)
	return ''.join((chr(int(''.join(x), 2)) for x in lzip(*[iter(b)] * 8, fillvalue='')))[::-1]

def b91encode(string):
	ret = b = ''
	index = num = 0
	for x in string:
		b = bin(ord(x))[2:].zfill(8) + b
	b = b[::-1]
	while index < len(b):
		num = int(b[index:index + 13][::-1], 2)
		if num <= 88:
			num = int(b[index:index + 14][::-1], 2)
			index += 1
		index += 13
		ret += b91abc[num % 91] + b91abc[num // 91]
	return ret[:len(ret) - 2] + b91abc[num % 91] + b91abc[num // 91] * (num > 90)


from struct import pack, unpack
base91 = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+', ',', '.', '/', ':', ';', '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', '[', ']', '^', '_', '`', '{', '|', '}', '~', '"']
decode_table = {v: k for (k, v) in enumerate(base91)}

def b91encode(string):
	b = n = 0
	out = ''
	for i in range(len(string)):
		byte = string.encode('utf-8')[i:i + 1]
		b |= unpack('B', byte)[0] << n
		n += 8
		if n > 13:
			v = b & 8191
			if v > 88:
				b >>= 13
				n -= 13
			else:
				v = b & 16383
				b >>= 14
				n -= 14
			out += base91[v % 91] + base91[v // 91]
	if n:
		out += base91[b % 91]
		if n > 7 or b > 90:
			out += base91[b // 91]
	return out

def b91decode(string):
	v = -1
	b = n = 0
	out = bytearray()
	for char in string:
		if char not in decode_table:
			continue
		c = decode_table[char]
		if v < 0:
			v = c
		else:
			v += c * 91
			b |= v << n
			n += 13 if v & 8191 > 88 else 14
			while True:
				out += pack('B', b & 255)
				b >>= 8
				n -= 8
				if not n > 7:
					break
			v = -1
	if v + 1:
		out += pack('B', (b | v << n) & 255)
	return out.decode('utf-8')


codes = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%&()*+,./:;<=>?@[]^_`{|}~"'

def b91decode(strng):
	b = []
	for i in range(0, len(strng), 2):
		if len(strng[i:i + 2]) == 2:
			(c1, c2) = strng[i:i + 2]
			x = codes.index(c1) + codes.index(c2) * 91
		else:
			x = codes.index(strng[i:i + 2])
		if x <= 88 or x >= 8192:
			b = list('{:014b}'.format(x)) + b
		else:
			b = list('{:013b}'.format(x)) + b
	r = ''
	while b:
		x = []
		for _ in range(8):
			if not b:
				break
			x.insert(0, b.pop())
		r += chr(int(''.join(x), 2))
	return r.rstrip('\x00')

def b91encode(strng):
	b = []
	for c in strng:
		b = list('{:08b}'.format(ord(c))) + b
	r = ''
	while b:
		x = []
		for _ in range(13):
			if not b:
				break
			x.insert(0, b.pop())
		n = int(''.join(x), 2)
		if n <= 88 and b:
			x.insert(0, b.pop())
			n = int(''.join(x), 2)
		r += codes[n % 91] + codes[n // 91]
	return r.rstrip('A')


b91_enctab = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+', ',', '.', '/', ':', ';', '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', '[', ']', '^', '_', '`', '{', '|', '}', '~', '"']

def b91decode(strng):
	decode_str = ''
	value = -1
	seek = 0
	bynary = 0
	for item in strng:
		code = b91_enctab.index(item)
		if value < 0:
			value = code
		else:
			value += code * 91
			bynary |= value << seek
			if value & 8191 > 88:
				seek += 13
			else:
				seek += 14
			while seek > 7:
				decode_str += chr(bynary & 255)
				bynary >>= 8
				seek -= 8
			value = -1
	if value + 1:
		decode_str += chr((bynary | value << seek) & 255)
	return decode_str

def b91encode(strng):
	encode_str = ''
	bynary = 0
	seek = 0
	for symb in strng:
		bynary |= ord(symb) << seek
		seek += 8
		if seek > 13:
			value = bynary & 8191
			if value <= 88:
				value = bynary & 16383
				bynary >>= 14
				seek -= 14
			else:
				bynary >>= 13
				seek -= 13
			encode_str += b91_enctab[value % 91] + b91_enctab[value // 91]
	if seek != 0:
		encode_str += b91_enctab[bynary % 91]
		if seek > 7 or bynary > 90:
			encode_str += b91_enctab[bynary // 91]
	return encode_str
a = '<txG@<^F#H~H8MxsCYDpde4_SW"yER~]JwO_!g|OcxW$1^:KNRedl$r6l/:=JsiD+[R]bKVws=Op!v"?%9|Tn<7@,{q;r>d:sZH)'
r = '4J>StI@i5oLyF.Th)8=+!tB9!#/`l$e$+Kz<}c6~%DsV@(rcJJ>yZ=?Y3JU@7bjoME3J<b5*KN.6xTP6zT1B1Zpc%nVRQxp1|+Zh|4@53d">!|$7+)vwUl:>cK'
a = '4J>StI@i5oLyF.Th)8=+!tB9!#/`l$e$+Kz<}c6~%DsV@(rcJJ>yZ=?Y3JU@7bjoME3J<b5*KN.6xTP6zT1B1Zpc%nVRQxp1|+Zh|4@53d">!|$7+)vwUl:>cK'
print(b91encode('<txG@<^F#H~H8MxsCYDpde4_SW"yER~]JwO_!g|OcxW$1^:KNRedl$r6l/:=JsiD+[R]bKVws=Op!v"?%9|Tn<7@,{q;r>d:sZH)'))
print(r == b91encode(a))