lianghsun/spider-text2sql-bench huggingface dataset:
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Find all the instruments ever used by the musician with last name "Heilo"?

### SQL
SELECT instrument FROM instruments AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmateid  =  T2.id WHERE T2.lastname  =  "Heilo"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are all the instruments used by the musician with the last name "Heilo"?

### SQL
SELECT instrument FROM instruments AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmateid  =  T2.id WHERE T2.lastname  =  "Heilo"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Which song has the most vocals?

### SQL
SELECT title FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid GROUP BY T1.songid ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What is the song with the most vocals?

### SQL
SELECT title FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid GROUP BY T1.songid ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Which vocal type is the most frequently appearring type?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals GROUP BY TYPE ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What is the type of vocables that appears most frequently?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals GROUP BY TYPE ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Which vocal type has the band mate with last name "Heilo" played the most?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id WHERE lastname  =  "Heilo" GROUP BY TYPE ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What is the type of vocals that the band member with the last name "Heilo" played the most?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id WHERE lastname  =  "Heilo" GROUP BY TYPE ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the vocal types used in song "Le Pop"?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Le Pop"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the types of vocals used in the song "Le Pop"?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Le Pop"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Find the number of vocal types used in song "Demon Kitty Rag"?

### SQL
SELECT count(*) FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Demon Kitty Rag"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the types of vocals used in the song "Demon Kitty Rag"?

### SQL
SELECT count(*) FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Demon Kitty Rag"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
How many songs have a lead vocal?

### SQL
SELECT count(DISTINCT title) FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE TYPE  =  "lead"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
How many songs have vocals of type lead?

### SQL
SELECT count(DISTINCT title) FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE TYPE  =  "lead"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Which vocal type did the musician with first name "Solveig" played in the song with title "A Bar in Amsterdam"?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid JOIN band AS T3 ON T1.bandmate  =  T3.id WHERE T3.firstname  =  "Solveig" AND T2.title  =  "A Bar In Amsterdam"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the types of vocals that the musician with the first name "Solveig" played in the song "A Bar in Amsterdam"?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid JOIN band AS T3 ON T1.bandmate  =  T3.id WHERE T3.firstname  =  "Solveig" AND T2.title  =  "A Bar In Amsterdam"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Find all the songs that do not have a lead vocal.

### SQL
SELECT DISTINCT title FROM vocals AS t1 JOIN songs AS t2 ON t1.songid  =  t2.songid EXCEPT SELECT t2.title FROM vocals AS t1 JOIN songs AS t2 ON t1.songid  =  t2.songid WHERE TYPE  =  "lead"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the names of the songs without a lead vocal?

### SQL
SELECT DISTINCT title FROM vocals AS t1 JOIN songs AS t2 ON t1.songid  =  t2.songid EXCEPT SELECT t2.title FROM vocals AS t1 JOIN songs AS t2 ON t1.songid  =  t2.songid WHERE TYPE  =  "lead"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Find all the vocal types.

### SQL
SELECT DISTINCT TYPE FROM vocals
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the different types of vocals?

### SQL
SELECT DISTINCT TYPE FROM vocals
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the albums produced in year 2010?

### SQL
SELECT * FROM Albums WHERE YEAR  =  2010
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What information is there on albums from 2010?

### SQL
SELECT * FROM Albums WHERE YEAR  =  2010
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Who performed the song named "Le Pop"?

### SQL
SELECT T2.firstname ,  T2.lastname FROM Performance AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id JOIN Songs AS T3 ON T3.SongId  =  T1.SongId WHERE T3.Title  =  "Le Pop"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What is the first and last name of artist who performed "Le Pop"?

### SQL
SELECT T2.firstname ,  T2.lastname FROM Performance AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id JOIN Songs AS T3 ON T3.SongId  =  T1.SongId WHERE T3.Title  =  "Le Pop"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What is the last name of the musician that have produced the most songs?

### SQL
SELECT T2.lastname FROM Performance AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id JOIN Songs AS T3 ON T3.SongId  =  T1.SongId GROUP BY lastname ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What is the last name of the artist who sang the most songs?

### SQL
SELECT T2.lastname FROM Performance AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id JOIN Songs AS T3 ON T3.SongId  =  T1.SongId GROUP BY lastname ORDER BY count(*) DESC LIMIT 1
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What instrument did the musician with last name "Heilo" use in the song "Badlands"?

### SQL
SELECT T4.instrument FROM Performance AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id JOIN Songs AS T3 ON T3.SongId  =  T1.SongId JOIN Instruments AS T4 ON T4.songid  =  T3.songid AND T4.bandmateid  =  T2.id WHERE T2.lastname  =  "Heilo" AND T3.title  =  "Badlands"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What instruments did the musician with the last name "Heilo" play in "Badlands"?

### SQL
SELECT T4.instrument FROM Performance AS T1 JOIN Band AS T2 ON T1.bandmate  =  T2.id JOIN Songs AS T3 ON T3.SongId  =  T1.SongId JOIN Instruments AS T4 ON T4.songid  =  T3.songid AND T4.bandmateid  =  T2.id WHERE T2.lastname  =  "Heilo" AND T3.title  =  "Badlands"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
How many instruments does the song "Badlands" use?

### SQL
SELECT count(DISTINCT instrument) FROM instruments AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Badlands"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
How many different instruments are used in the song "Badlands"?

### SQL
SELECT count(DISTINCT instrument) FROM instruments AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Badlands"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What are the vocal types used in song "Badlands"?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Badlands"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
What types of vocals are used in the song "Badlands"?

### SQL
SELECT TYPE FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Badlands"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
Find the number of vocal types used in song "Le Pop"

### SQL
SELECT count(*) FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Le Pop"
### Database Schema
CREATE TABLE "Songs" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT 
)

CREATE TABLE "Albums" ( 
	"AId" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Title" TEXT, 
	"Year" INTEGER, 
	"Label" TEXT, 
	"Type" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Band" ( 
	"Id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
	"Firstname" TEXT, 
	"Lastname" TEXT )

CREATE TABLE "Instruments" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"BandmateId" INTEGER, 
	"Instrument" TEXT ,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, BandmateId, Instrument),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (BandmateId) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Performance" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"StagePosition" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

CREATE TABLE "Tracklists" ( 
	"AlbumId" INTEGER, 
	"Position" INTEGER, 
	"SongId" INTEGER ,
	PRIMARY KEY(AlbumId, Position),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (AlbumId) REFERENCES Albums(AId)
)

CREATE TABLE "Vocals" ( 
	"SongId" INTEGER, 
	"Bandmate" INTEGER, 
	"Type" TEXT,
	PRIMARY KEY(SongId, Bandmate),
	FOREIGN KEY (SongId) REFERENCES Songs(SongId),
	FOREIGN KEY (Bandmate) REFERENCES Band(Id)
)

### Question
How many vocal types are used in the song "Le Pop"?

### SQL
SELECT count(*) FROM vocals AS T1 JOIN songs AS T2 ON T1.songid  =  T2.songid WHERE title  =  "Le Pop"