The following text describes a protein:
Function:
Thiol protease that plays a key role in programmed cell death by acting as a molecular switch for apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and is required to prevent tissue damage during embryonic development and adulthood. Initiator protease that induces extrinsic apoptosis by mediating cleavage and activation of effector caspases responsible for FAS/CD95-mediated and TNFRSF1A-induced cell death. Cleaves and activates effector caspases CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor FAS/TNFRSF6 or TNFRSF1A. The resulting aggregate called the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. In addition to extrinsic apoptosis, also acts as a negative regulator of necroptosis: acts by cleaving RIPK1 at 'Asp-324', which is crucial to inhibit RIPK1 kinase activity, limiting TNF-induced apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory response. Also able to initiate pyroptosis by mediating cleavage and activation of gasdermin-C and -D (GSDMC and GSDMD, respectively): gasdermin cleavage promotes release of the N-terminal moiety that binds to membranes and forms pores, triggering pyroptosis. Initiates pyroptosis following inactivation of MAP3K7/TAK1 (By similarity). Also acts as a regulator of innate immunity by mediating cleavage and inactivation of N4BP1 downstream of TLR3 or TLR4, thereby promoting cytokine production (By similarity). May participate in the Granzyme B (GZMB) cell death pathways. Cleaves PARP1 and PARP2. Independent of its protease activity, promotes cell migration following phosphorylation at Tyr-380; [Isoform 5]: Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex; [Isoform 6]: Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex; [Isoform 7]: Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex (Probable). Acts as an inhibitor of the caspase cascade; [Isoform 8]: Lacks the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex.
Miscellaneous:
MISCELLANEOUS: [Isoform 7]: May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
Subcellular Localization:
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Note=Recruitment to lamellipodia of migrating cells is enhanced by phosphorylation at Tyr-380.
Domain:
The catalytic domain is sufficient for recruitment to lamellipodia but catalytic activity is not necessary; [Isoform 9]: Contains a N-terminal extension that is required for interaction with the BCAP31 complex.
Sequence:
MDFSRNLYDIGEQLDSEDLASLKFLSLDYIPQRKQEPIKDALMLFQRLQEKRMLEESNLSFLKELLFRINRLDLLITYLNTRKEEMERELQTPGRAQISAYRVMLYQISEEVSRSELRSFKFLLQEEISKCKLDDDMNLLDIFIEMEKRVILGEGKLDILKRVCAQINKSLLKIINDYEEFSKERSSSLEGSPDEFSNGEELCGVMTISDSPREQDSESQTLDKVYQMKSKPRGYCLIINNHNFAKAREKVPKLHSIRDRNGTHLDAGALTTTFEELHFEIKPHDDCTVEQIYEILKIYQLMDHSNMDCFICCILSHGDKGIIYGTDGQEAPIYELTSQFTGLKCPSLAGKPKVFFIQACQGDNYQKGIPVETDSEEQPYLEMDLSSPQTRYIPDEADFLLGMATVNNCVSYRNPAEGTWYIQSLCQSLRERCPRGDDILTILTEVNYEVSNKDDKKNMGKQMPQPTFTLRKKLVFPSD