The following text describes a protein:
Function:
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that activates necroptosis and apoptosis, two parallel forms of cell death. Necroptosis, a programmed cell death process in response to death-inducing TNF-alpha family members, is triggered by RIPK3 following activation by ZBP1. Activated RIPK3 forms a necrosis-inducing complex and mediates phosphorylation of MLKL, promoting MLKL localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. In addition to TNF-induced necroptosis, necroptosis can also take place in the nucleus in response to orthomyxoviruses infection: following ZBP1 activation, which senses double-stranded Z-RNA structures, nuclear RIPK3 catalyzes phosphorylation and activation of MLKL, promoting disruption of the nuclear envelope and leakage of cellular DNA into the cytosol (By similarity). Also regulates apoptosis: apoptosis depends on RIPK1, FADD and CASP8, and is independent of MLKL and RIPK3 kinase activity (By similarity). Phosphorylates RIPK1: RIPK1 and RIPK3 undergo reciprocal auto- and trans-phosphorylation. In some cell types, also able to restrict viral replication by promoting cell death-independent responses (By similarity). In response to Zika virus infection in neurons, promotes a cell death-independent pathway that restricts viral replication: together with ZBP1, promotes a death-independent transcriptional program that modifies the cellular metabolism via up-regulation expression of the enzyme ACOD1/IRG1 and production of the metabolite itaconate (By similarity). Itaconate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, generating a metabolic state in neurons that suppresses replication of viral genomes (By similarity). RIPK3 binds to and enhances the activity of three metabolic enzymes: GLUL, GLUD1, and PYGL. These metabolic enzymes may eventually stimulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which could result in enhanced ROS production; (Microbial infection) In case of herpes simplex virus 1/HHV-1 infection, forms heteromeric amyloid structures with HHV-1 protein RIR1/ICP6 which may inhibit RIPK3-mediated necroptosis, thereby preventing host cell death pathway and allowing viral evasion.
Subcellular Localization:
Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Note=Mainly cytoplasmic. Present in the nucleus in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection.
Domain:
The RIP homotypic interaction motif/RHIM mediates interaction with the RHIM motif of RIPK1. Both motifs form a hetero-amyloid serpentine fold, stabilized by hydrophobic packing and featuring an unusual Cys-Ser ladder of alternating Ser (from RIPK1) and Cys (from RIPK3); (Microbial infection) The RIP homotypic interaction motif/RHIM mediates interaction with the RHIM motif of the herpes simplex virus 1/HHV-1 protein RIR1/ICP6 to form heteromeric amyloid structures.
Sequence:
MSCVKLWPSGAPAPLVSIEELENQELVGKGGFGTVFRAQHRKWGYDVAVKIVNSKAISREVKAMASLDNEFVLRLEGVIEKVNWDQDPKPALVTKFMENGSLSGLLQSQCPRPWPLLCRLLKEVVLGMFYLHDQNPVLLHRDLKPSNVLLDPELHVKLADFGLSTFQGGSQSGTGSGEPGGTLGYLAPELFVNVNRKASTASDVYSFGILMWAVLAGREVELPTEPSLVYEAVCNRQNRPSLAELPQAGPETPGLEGLKELMQLCWSSEPKDRPSFQECLPKTDEVFQMVENNMNAAVSTVKDFLSQLRSSNRRFSIPESGQGGTEMDGFRRTIENQHSRNDVMVSEWLNKLNLEEPPSSVPKKCPSLTKRSRAQEEQVPQAWTAGTSSDSMAQPPQTPETSTFRNQMPSPTSTGTPSPGPRGNQGAERQGMNWSCRTPEPNPVTGRPLVNIYNCSGVQVGDNNYLTMQQTTALPTWGLAPSGKGRGLQHPPPVGSQEGPKDPEAWSRPQGWYNHSGK