Thảo luận:Kinh tế Việt Nam Cộng hòa/Dacy

message: Số kí gạo một người lao động Sài Gòn mua được bằng tiền lương một ngày:
Real wages of Saigon workers, 1956-74
             	Rice wageKilograms of rice purchased by a day's labor.	Rice wageKilograms of rice purchased by a day's labor.	Overall real wageDaily wages in piasters deflated by consumer index for working-class families in Saigon (1962 = 100).	Overall real wageDaily wages in piasters deflated by consumer index for working-class families in Saigon (1962 = 100).
Year         	Unskilled                                             	Skilled                                               	Unskilled                                                                                                             	Skilled
1956         	8.4                                                   	14.8                                                  	52.4                                                                                                                  	92.2
1957         	11.5                                                  	17.9                                                  	63.7                                                                                                                  	99.5
1958         	13.4                                                  	18.8                                                  	80.2                                                                                                                  	112.5
1959         	13.3                                                  	19.2                                                  	75.0                                                                                                                  	108.2
1960         	14.5                                                  	20.5                                                  	79.3                                                                                                                  	112.4
1961         	10.8                                                  	15.1                                                  	76.0                                                                                                                  	105.9
1962         	11.5                                                  	16.3                                                  	74.7                                                                                                                  	106.1
1963         	11.9                                                  	17.0                                                  	71.5                                                                                                                  	102.5
1964         	10.4                                                  	14.9                                                  	72.5                                                                                                                  	103.6
1965         	10.2                                                  	14.4                                                  	70.2                                                                                                                  	98.6
1966         	9.9                                                   	14.2                                                  	63.6                                                                                                                  	91.4
1967         	7.7                                                   	11.6                                                  	69.5                                                                                                                  	105.0
1968         	12.3                                                  	13.2                                                  	67.1                                                                                                                  	97.9
1969         	9.9                                                   	11.4                                                  	67.3                                                                                                                  	97.1
1970         	10.4                                                  	11.1                                                  	65.7                                                                                                                  	93.5
1971         	10.8                                                  	13.2                                                  	68.9                                                                                                                  	103.0
1972         	9.0                                                   	9.7                                                   	69.5                                                                                                                  	92.7
1973         	7.5                                                   	8.1                                                   	67.2                                                                                                                  	81.4
1974June 1974	6.1                                                   	7.6                                                   	50.1                                                                                                                  	72.0
thread_title: 5.2 (p. 118)

message: Giá cả vật chất bằng đồng
Selected wholesale prices, 1956-74 (annual average)
    	           	           	           	Price indexes (1962=100)	Price indexes (1962=100)	Price indexes (1962=100)	Price indexes (1962=100)
Year	Rice (d/kg)	Fish (d/kg)	Pigs (d/kg)	Rice                    	Fish                    	Pigs                    	Imported goods
1956	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1957	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1958	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1959	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1960	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1961	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1962	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1963	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1964	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1965	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1966	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1967	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1968	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1969	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1970	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1971	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1972	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1973	           	           	           	                        	                        	                        	
1974
thread_title: A 5.1 (p. 119)

message: Tiền lương mỗi ngày của người dân thành thị (bằng đồng)
Table A5.2 Vietnam urban workers' average daily wage, 1956-74 (piasters)
Year	Skilled male worker	Male laborer	Female laborer
1956	                   	            	
1957	                   	            	
1958	                   	            	
1959	                   	            	
1960	                   	            	
1961	                   	            	
1962	                   	            	
1963	                   	            	
1964	                   	            	
1965	                   	            	
1966	                   	            	
1967	                   	            	
1968	                   	            	
1969	                   	            	
1970	                   	            	
1971	                   	            	
1972	                   	            	
1973	                   	            	
1974
thread_title: A5.2 (p. 120)

message: International value of the piaster and other series, 1955-1974 (piasters per dollar)All figures are annual averages
Year	(1) Official rate1955-65, International Monetary Fund (monthly, various issues); 1966-73, AID (1974b; p. 26); 1974, AID-VN (monthly, Feb. 1975, p.3).	(2) Black market rate1957-65, AID-VN (annual, no. 9, p. 43); 1966-72, VN-NIS (annual, 1972, Table 199);1973, AID (1974b, p. 9, "U.S. 10 Green"); 1974, AID-VN (monthly, Feb. 1975, p. 3, "U.S. 10 Green").                             	(3) Market clearing rateTable 9.4	(4) NDP data rate	(5) International value of pisasterSee text
1955	35                                                                                                                                                   	                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       	                                 	                 	
1956	35                                                                                                                                                   	                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       	                                 	                 	
1957	35                                                                                                                                                   	88                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	                                 	                 	
1958	35                                                                                                                                                   	81                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	                                 	                 	
1959	35                                                                                                                                                   	82                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	                                 	                 	
1960	35                                                                                                                                                   	91                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	                                 	                 	
1961	35                                                                                                                                                   	99                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	                                 	                 	
1962	60                                                                                                                                                   	97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	78                               	78               	78
1963	60                                                                                                                                                   	97                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	78                               	78               	78
1964	60                                                                                                                                                   	131                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	81                               	81               	81
1965	60                                                                                                                                                   	146                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	94                               	90               	94
1966	104Three months at d60/$, and nine months at d118/$                                                                                                  	180                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	145                              	121              	145
1967	108                                                                                                                                                  	164                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	189                              	169              	189
1968	118                                                                                                                                                  	189                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	201                              	183              	201
1969	118                                                                                                                                                  	229                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	242                              	228              	229
1970	118                                                                                                                                                  	393                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	414                              	288              	325
1971	118                                                                                                                                                  	388                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                 	392              	439
1972	356Full-year average.  First three months at d118/$.435Average for last 9 months                                                                     	439                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                 	392              	439
1973	494                                                                                                                                                  	531                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                 	                 	531
1974	633                                                                                                                                                  	641 This rate is d5/$ less than the black market rate based on $100 transactions.  Other data in this table pertain to black market rates based on $10 transactions, which, on average, brought d5/$ less than the larger transactions.	                                 	                 	641
thread_title: 9.5 (p. 190)

message: Table 10.2 U.S. Economic and military assistance to South Vietnam by fiscal year, 1955-75 (million dollars)
Fiscal year	AIDPrior to 1962, U.S. economic aid was administered by the International Cooperation Administration (ICA).  Data for AID (and ICA prior to 1962), PL 480, and military assistance are the revised figures as of May 1976.  They were supplied to the author by the Statistical Reports Division, Office of Financial Management, U.S. Agency for International Development.  Data for piaster subsidy are linear interpolation of figures in column (7) of Table 10.1, converting calendar-year data into appropriate fiscal years	PL 480 	Piaster subsidy	Total economic aid	Military assistance	Total assistance
1955       	320.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	2.2    	               	322.4             	                   	322.4
1956       	195.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	14.3   	               	210.0             	176.5              	386.5
1957       	259.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	22.8   	               	282.2             	119.8              	402.0
1958       	179.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	9.6    	               	189.0             	79.3               	268.3
1959       	200.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	6.5    	               	207.4             	52.4               	259.8
1960       	170.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	11.3   	               	181.8             	72.7               	254.5
1961       	140.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	11.5   	               	152.0             	71.0               	223.0
1962       	124.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	31.9   	               	156.0             	237.2              	393.2
1963       	143.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	52.6   	               	195.9             	275.9              	471.8
1964       	165.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	59.1   	5.8            	230.6             	190.9              	421.5
1965       	225.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	49.9   	15.4           	290.3             	318.6              	608.9
1966       	593.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	143.0  	57.4           	793.9             	686.2              	1,480.1
1967       	494.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	73.7   	98.5           	666.6             	662.5              	1,329.1
1968       	398.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	138.5  	114.4          	651.1             	1,243.4            	1,894.5
1969       	314.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	99.4   	146.9          	560.5             	1,534.0            	2,094.5
1970       	365.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	110.8  	178.7          	655.4             	1,577.3            	2,232.7
1971       	387.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	188.0  	202.3          	778.0             	1,945.6            	2,723.6
1972       	386.8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	67.8   	133.1          	587.7             	2,602.6            	3,190.3
1973       	313.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	188.3  	29.5           	531.2             	3,349.4            	3,880.6
1974       	384.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	269.9  	3.2            	657.4             	941.9              	1,599.3
1975       	191.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              	49.6   	               	240.9             	625.1              	866.0
Total      	5,954.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            	1,600.7	985.2          	8,540.3           	16,762.3           	25,302.6
thread_title: 10.2 (p. 200)

message: Table 10.3. Calculation of net resources transferred to South Vietnam, 1955-74
Year	(1) Merchandise imports [M] ($ million)1955-60 VN-NIS (annual, 1964-5, Table 253).  Data from this source were converted to dollar values using the exchange rate 35/1.  The derived figures are consistent with trade data fro 1957-60 published in AID-VN (annual, no. 9, Tables D3 and D12); for the 1961-72 period, AID-VN (annual, no. 12, Table II); for 1973-4, AID-VN (monthly, Feb. 1975, pp. 6-7). Imports are the "earnings" rather than "payments."	(2) Merchandise export [X] ($ million)	(3) Export of services [(r*/r)DPP] ($ million)Column 6, Table 10.1.	(4) U.S. uses of PL 480 (d billion)1962-72, AID-VN (annual, no 16, Table IV(; 1955-61, AID-VN (annual, no. 9, Table H-5).	(5) U.S. uses trust fund (d billion)1962-72, AID-VN (annual, no 16, Table IV(; 1955-61, AID-VN (annual, no. 9, Table H-8).	(6) Value of piaster (d/$)Table 9.5.	(7) Total U.S. uses [E(d)/r] ($ million)[column (4) + column (5)]/column (6)	(8) Net resources transferred ($ million)Column (1) - column (2) - column (3) - column (7).
1955	263.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	69.2                                  	                                                                   	                                                                                                                         	0.1                                                                                                                       	n.e.                                	1.4Converted from piasters to dollars at the rate of 70 to 1                	192.6
1956	217.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	45.1                                  	                                                                   	                                                                                                                         	                                                                                                                          	n.e.                                	                                                                            	172.5
1957	288.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	80.5                                  	                                                                   	                                                                                                                         	0.1                                                                                                                       	n.e.                                	1.4                                                                         	206.8
1958	232.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	55.2                                  	                                                                   	                                                                                                                         	                                                                                                                          	n.e.                                	                                                                            	176.9
1959	224.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	75.1                                  	                                                                   	0.1                                                                                                                      	                                                                                                                          	n.e.                                	1.4                                                                         	148.1
1960	240.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	85.5                                  	                                                                   	                                                                                                                         	                                                                                                                          	n.e.                                	                                                                            	154.8
1961	272.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	71.7                                  	                                                                   	0.2                                                                                                                      	                                                                                                                          	n.e.                                	2.6                                                                         	198.3
1962	268.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	48.7                                  	                                                                   	0.1                                                                                                                      	0.1                                                                                                                       	78                                  	2.6                                                                         	217.4
1963	307.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	83.3                                  	                                                                   	0.2                                                                                                                      	0.1                                                                                                                       	78                                  	3.8                                                                         	220.2
1964	325.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	48.8                                  	30.7                                                               	0.4                                                                                                                      	0.1                                                                                                                       	81                                  	6.2                                                                         	239.8
1965	370.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	40.5                                  	54.8                                                               	0.4                                                                                                                      	0.9                                                                                                                       	94                                  	13.9                                                                        	261.3
1966	656.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	25.2                                  	137.5                                                              	0.5                                                                                                                      	1.6                                                                                                                       	146                                 	14.4                                                                        	479.5
1967	753.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	37.7                                  	101.4                                                              	8.1                                                                                                                      	4.0                                                                                                                       	189                                 	63.9                                                                        	550.7
1968	668.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	41.5                                  	183.4                                                              	3.7                                                                                                                      	4.0                                                                                                                       	201                                 	38.3                                                                        	405.5
1969	853.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	33.0                                  	180.3                                                              	2.0                                                                                                                      	4.8                                                                                                                       	229                                 	29.7                                                                        	610.2
1970	778.8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	12.7                                  	127.3                                                              	3.0                                                                                                                      	4.7                                                                                                                       	318                                 	24.2                                                                        	614.6
1971	802.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	14.7                                  	189.5                                                              	6.6                                                                                                                      	4.9                                                                                                                       	388                                 	29.6                                                                        	568.8
1972	742.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	23.8                                  	176.3                                                              	8.9                                                                                                                      	2.5                                                                                                                       	439                                 	26.0                                                                        	516.8
1973	717.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	60.6                                  	121.5                                                              	n.a.                                                                                                                     	n.a.                                                                                                                      	                                    	20.0These are the author's guesses                                          	514.9
1974	887.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          	75.0                                  	92.2                                                               	n.a.                                                                                                                     	n.a.                                                                                                                      	                                    	20.0                                                                        	699.8
The data on merchandise imports and exports are not from consistent series.  For the period 1961-72, the data are from balance-of-payments tabulations.  In the earlier period, 1955-60, the data are customs reporting of import arrivals and exports.  For most of the years prior to 1965 for which balance-of-payments data are available, there are only minor differences in the annual figures.  After 1964, the differences are substantial in some years.  Because balance-of-payments data presumably account for some noncommercial imports, the data are a better accounting of total imports.  However, before 1961, noncommercial imports were relatively insignificant.
thread_title: 10.3 (pp. 202-3)

message: Government expenditures, 1956-1974.
Table 11.1 Government expenditures, 1956-74Data sources: National budget expenditure data: 1956-60, VN-NIS (annual, 241); 1961-4, AID-VN (annual, no. 11, Table C-11); 1965-74, AID (1976, pt. A). Other data from VN-NBVN (annual, various issues). (billion piasters)
    	National budget expendituresThe data for the period 1956-60 are on a fiscal-year basis.  The Vietnamese fiscal year was the calendar year, excluding some expenditures the first five months but including some expenditures of the following calendar year.  For the years in question, the difference in accounting periods is probably insignificant.	National budget expendituresThe data for the period 1956-60 are on a fiscal-year basis.  The Vietnamese fiscal year was the calendar year, excluding some expenditures the first five months but including some expenditures of the following calendar year.  For the years in question, the difference in accounting periods is probably insignificant.	National budget expendituresThe data for the period 1956-60 are on a fiscal-year basis.  The Vietnamese fiscal year was the calendar year, excluding some expenditures the first five months but including some expenditures of the following calendar year.  For the years in question, the difference in accounting periods is probably insignificant.	                                                                                                                                                                                  	
Year	Defense                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 	Civil                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	Total                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	OtherData in this column are net expenditures due to the budget of Saigon port, the budget of Saigon and other municipalities, provincial budgets, and rural construction budgets.	Total expenditures
1956	8.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	5.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	13.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	13.6
1957	8.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	6.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	14.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	14.2
1958	7.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	6.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	13.8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	13.8
1959	7.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	7.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	15.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	15.3
1960	7.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	8.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	15.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	15.2
1961	8.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	8.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     	16.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	16.3
1962	12.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	10.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	22.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	22.0
1963	13.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	12.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	25.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	25.9
1964	14.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	14.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	28.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	                                                                                                                                                                                  	28.6
1965	21.9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	22.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	44.1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	-1.3                                                                                                                                                                              	42.8
1966	29.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	29.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	59.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	2.4                                                                                                                                                                               	61.4
1967	55.3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	46.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	97.5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	-1.4                                                                                                                                                                              	96.1
1968	74.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	46.6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	121.2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	8.4                                                                                                                                                                               	129.6
1969	91.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	41.7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	133.4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	14.3                                                                                                                                                                              	147.7
1970	122.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	65.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    	187.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	19.0                                                                                                                                                                              	208.0
1971	151.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	105.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	256.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	16.3                                                                                                                                                                              	272.3
1972	205.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	161.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	366.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	-19.2                                                                                                                                                                             	346.8
1973	283.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	232.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	515.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	n.a.                                                                                                                                                                              	515.0
1974	346.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	374.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	720.0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   	n.a.                                                                                                                                                                              	720.0
thread_title: 11.1 (p. 213)

thread_title: 11.2 (p. 215)

thread_title: References