Обсуждение:Искусственный аборт/Источники

message: === Наука ===
Stotland NL (2003). "Abortion and psychiatric practice". J Psychiatr Pract 9 (2): 139–49.
replies: text: “Currently, there are active attempts to convince the public and women considering abortion that abortion frequently has negative psychiatric consequences. This assertion is not borne out by the literature: the vast majority of women tolerate abortion without psychiatric sequelae.”
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/168/10/1253

text: * Журнал Канадской Медицинской Ассоциации «Overall, women who had had an abortion had a significantly higher relative risk of psychiatric admission compared with women who had delivered for every time period examined.»

text: * «The observed associations may be the result of less social support for women who have an abortion compared with women who deliver, reactions to abortion itself or common risk factors among mentally ill women and those who have abortions that have not yet been identified.»
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/193/6/444
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/193/6/452
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/193/6/455
http://sjp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/4/424
The myth of the abortion trauma syndrome. Stotland NL. JAMA, 1992.
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/1/6059/476.pdf This study shows that post-abortion psychosis is extremely uncommon and has a considerably lower incidence than puerperal psychosis. Twenty-one consultant psychiatrists participated in a prospective study of post-abortion psychosis among a population of 1 333 000 people. During the 15-month study only a single case was reported, concerning a woman who had a history of two previous attacks of puerperal psychosis. The incidence of post-abortion psychosis was 0,3 per 1000 legal abortions. The incidence of puerperal psychosis, which was also studied as an index of validity, was 1,7 per 1000 deliveries.
==== Fergusson ====
Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health. David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, and Elizabeth M. Ridder

text: * It is possible, therefore, that the apparent associations between abortion and mental health found in this study may not reflect the traumatic effects of abortion per se but rather other factors which are associated with the process of seeking and obtaining an abortion. For example, it could be proposed that our results reflect the effects of unwanted pregnancy on mental health rather than the effects of abortion per se on mental health.

text: * Notwithstanding the reservations and limitations above, the present research raises the possibility that for some young women, exposure to abortion is a traumatic life event which increases longer-term susceptibility to common mental disorders. These findings are inconsistent with the current consensus on the psychological effects of abortion.

text: * On the basis of the current study, it is our view that the issue of whether or not abortion has harmful effects on mental health remains to be fully resolved.
Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study. David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood and Joseph M. Boden

text: * Although the weight of the evidence favours the view that abortion has a small causal effect on mental health problems, other explanations remain possible. In particular it could be suggested that the small association between abortion and mental health found in this study could be explained by uncontrolled residual confounding.
Invited commentaries on... Abortion and mental health disorders
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/195/1/83

text: * So Fergusson et al's study can be regarded as the first good-quality study to show a possible negative effect (...)
==== Review article ====
Review article: Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence (Charles et al)

text: * A clear trend emerges from this systematic review: the highest quality studies had findings that were mostly neutral, suggesting few, if any, differences between women who had abortions and their respective comparison groups in terms of mental health sequelae. Conversely, studies with the most flawed methodology found negative mental health sequelae of abortion.

text: 4 лучших исследования по мнению авторов статьи:

text: *

text: * After controlling for pre-existing anxiety and contextual factors, there was no greater risk of anxiety in either abortion or delivery groups.

text: * Termination of pregnancy and psychiatric morbidity

text: * Rates of total reported psychiatric disorder were no higher after termination of pregnancy than after childbirth.

text: *

text: * No evidence of widespread post-abortion trauma was found. Having 1 abortion was positively associated with higher global self-esteem, particularly feelings of self-worth, capableness, and not feeling one is a failure. When childbearing and resource variables were controlled, neither having 1 abortion nor having repeat abortions had an independent relationship to well-being, suggesting that the relationship of abortion to well-being reflects abortion's role in controlling fertility and its relationship to coping resources. When childbearing and abortion variables were controlled, women's well-being was separately and positively related to employment, income, and education, but negatively related to total number of children.

text: *

text: * Our results provide no support for the claim by Reardon and Cougle that terminating an unwanted first pregnancy contributes to risk of subsequent depression. Instead, our finding that the group that delivered before 1980 had a significantly higher risk of depression than all other groups directly contradicts the claim that terminating an unwanted first pregnancy puts women at higher risk of subsequent depression, particularly for younger women.
=== Исследования в хронологическом порядке ===
Авторы                                                                      	Работа                                                                                                                                                             	Ссылка на источник                                    	Год 	Результат	URL	Оценка Contraception
Steinberg and Russo, 2008 (USA)                                             	Abortion and anxiety: what's the relationship?                                                                                                                     	Soc Sci Med 2008;67:238–52                            	2008	Neutral  	   	good
Taft and Watson, 2008 (Australia)                                           	Depression and termination of pregnancy (induced abortion) in a national cohort of young Australian women: the confounding effect of women's experience of violence	BMC Publ Health 2008;8:75                             	2008	Neutral  	   	fair
Pedersen, 2008 (Norway)                                                     	Abortion and depression: a population-based longitudinal study of young women                                                                                      	Scand J Publ Health 2008;36:424–8.                    	2008	Mixed    	   	poor
Rees and Sabia, 2007 (USA)                                                  	The relationship between abortion and depression: new evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study                                                 	Med Sci Monit 2007;13:CR430–6                         	2007	Mixed    	   	poor
Broen et al., 2006 (Norway)                                                 	Predictors of anxiety and depression following pregnancy termination: a longitudinal five-year follow-up study                                                     	Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006;85:317–23              	2006	Neutral  	   	fair
Fergusson et al., 2006 (New Zealand)                                        	Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health                                                                                                               	J Child Psychol Psychiatr Allied Discipl 2006;47:16–24	2006	Negative 	   	fair
Schmiege and Russo, 2005 (USA) пересчет результатов Reardon and Cougle, 2002	Depression and unwanted first pregnancy: longitudinal cohort study                                                                                                 	Br Med J 2005;331:1303–6.                             	2005	Neutral  	   	good
Broen et al., 2005 (Norway)                                                 	The course of mental health after miscarriage and induced abortion: a longitudinal, five-year follow-up study                                                      	BMC Med 2005;3:51.                                    	2005	Mixed    	   	fair
Cougle et al., 2005 (USA)                                                   	Generalized anxiety following unintended pregnancies resolved through childbirth and abortion: a cohort study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth         	J Anxiety Disorders 2005;19:137–42                    	2005	Negative 	   	fair
Broen et al., 2004 (Norway)                                                 	Psychological impact on women of miscarriage versus induced abortion: a 2 year follow-up study.                                                                    	Psychosom Med 2004;66:265–71.                         	2004	Mixed    	   	fair
Cougle and Reardon, 2003 (USA)                                              	Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: a long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort                                                                        	MedSci Monitor 2003;9:CR105–12                        	2003	Negative 	   	poor
Reardon et al., 2003 (USA)                                                  	Psychiatric admissions of low-income women following abortion and childbirth                                                                                       	CMAJ 2003;168:1253–6.                                 	2003	Negative 	   	poor
Reardon and Cougle, 2002 (USA)                                              	Depression and unintended pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: a cohort study.                                                                  	Br Med J 2002;324:151–2.                              	2002	Mixed    	   	fair
Coleman et al., 2002 (USA)                                                  	State-funded abortions versus deliveries: a comparison of outpatient mental health claims over 4 years                                                             	Am J Orthopsychiatr 2002;72:141–52                    	2002	Negative 	   	poor
Reardon et al., 2002 (USA)                                                  	Deaths associated with pregnancy outcome: a record linkage study of low income women                                                                               	Soc Med J 2002;95:834–41.                             	2002	Negative 	   	poor
Bailey et al., 2001 (Brazil)                                                	Adolescent pregnancy 1 year later: the effects of abortion vs. motherhood in Northeast Brazil.                                                                     	J Adolesc Health 2001;29:223–32                       	2001	Mixed    	   	poor
Gilchrist et al., (2008, но в ссылке 1995)                                  	Termination of pregnancy and psychiatric morbidity.                                                                                                                	Br J Psychiatr 1995;167:243–8.                        	1995	Neutral  	   	good
Russo and Zierk, 1992 (USA)                                                 	Abortion, childbearing, and women's well-being                                                                                                                     	Prof Psychol: Res Practice 1992;23:269–80             	1992	Neutral  	   	good
Zabin et al., 2006 (в ссылке 1989) (USA)                                    	When urban adolescents choose abortion: effects on education, psychological status and subsequent pregnancy                                                        	Fam Plann Perspect 1989;21:248–55                     	1989	Neutral  	   	fair
Gissler et al., 2005 (Finland)                                              	Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy                                                                                                    	1987-2000. Europ J Pub Health 2005;15:459–63.         	1987	Negative 	   	very poor
Fergusson выделен, потому что, после него обновились #Заявления психологических организаций
=== Околонаучное ===
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/169/2/102-b
=== Заявления психологических организаций ===
Заявление RCPSYCH 2008 
*Предшествоваший отчет комитета по науке, рекомендовавший обновить заявление:  
Заявление APA 2008 
* Предшествоваший отчет рабочего комитета: 
=== Цитата из ВОЗ ===
Безопасный аборт: Рекомендации для систем здравоохранения по вопросам политики и практики. ВОЗ 2004 г. 
todo: вставить единственный параграф из этого документа,  упоминающий об отсутствии психических последствий.
=== Журналисты ===
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/magazine/21abortion.t.html
http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/329/index.html
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article4560630.ece
----
thread_title:  Источники 

message: Stotland NL (2003). "Abortion and psychiatric practice". J Psychiatr Pract 9 (2): 139–49.
replies: text: “Currently, there are active attempts to convince the public and women considering abortion that abortion frequently has negative psychiatric consequences. This assertion is not borne out by the literature: the vast majority of women tolerate abortion without psychiatric sequelae.”
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/168/10/1253

text: * Журнал Канадской Медицинской Ассоциации «Overall, women who had had an abortion had a significantly higher relative risk of psychiatric admission compared with women who had delivered for every time period examined.»

text: * «The observed associations may be the result of less social support for women who have an abortion compared with women who deliver, reactions to abortion itself or common risk factors among mentally ill women and those who have abortions that have not yet been identified.»
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/193/6/444
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/193/6/452
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/193/6/455
http://sjp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/4/424
The myth of the abortion trauma syndrome. Stotland NL. JAMA, 1992.
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/1/6059/476.pdf This study shows that post-abortion psychosis is extremely uncommon and has a considerably lower incidence than puerperal psychosis. Twenty-one consultant psychiatrists participated in a prospective study of post-abortion psychosis among a population of 1 333 000 people. During the 15-month study only a single case was reported, concerning a woman who had a history of two previous attacks of puerperal psychosis. The incidence of post-abortion psychosis was 0,3 per 1000 legal abortions. The incidence of puerperal psychosis, which was also studied as an index of validity, was 1,7 per 1000 deliveries.
==== Fergusson ====
Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health. David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, and Elizabeth M. Ridder

text: * It is possible, therefore, that the apparent associations between abortion and mental health found in this study may not reflect the traumatic effects of abortion per se but rather other factors which are associated with the process of seeking and obtaining an abortion. For example, it could be proposed that our results reflect the effects of unwanted pregnancy on mental health rather than the effects of abortion per se on mental health.

text: * Notwithstanding the reservations and limitations above, the present research raises the possibility that for some young women, exposure to abortion is a traumatic life event which increases longer-term susceptibility to common mental disorders. These findings are inconsistent with the current consensus on the psychological effects of abortion.

text: * On the basis of the current study, it is our view that the issue of whether or not abortion has harmful effects on mental health remains to be fully resolved.
Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study. David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood and Joseph M. Boden

text: * Although the weight of the evidence favours the view that abortion has a small causal effect on mental health problems, other explanations remain possible. In particular it could be suggested that the small association between abortion and mental health found in this study could be explained by uncontrolled residual confounding.
Invited commentaries on... Abortion and mental health disorders
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/195/1/83

text: * So Fergusson et al's study can be regarded as the first good-quality study to show a possible negative effect (...)
==== Review article ====
Review article: Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence (Charles et al)

text: * A clear trend emerges from this systematic review: the highest quality studies had findings that were mostly neutral, suggesting few, if any, differences between women who had abortions and their respective comparison groups in terms of mental health sequelae. Conversely, studies with the most flawed methodology found negative mental health sequelae of abortion.

text: 4 лучших исследования по мнению авторов статьи:

text: *

text: * After controlling for pre-existing anxiety and contextual factors, there was no greater risk of anxiety in either abortion or delivery groups.

text: * Termination of pregnancy and psychiatric morbidity

text: * Rates of total reported psychiatric disorder were no higher after termination of pregnancy than after childbirth.

text: *

text: * No evidence of widespread post-abortion trauma was found. Having 1 abortion was positively associated with higher global self-esteem, particularly feelings of self-worth, capableness, and not feeling one is a failure. When childbearing and resource variables were controlled, neither having 1 abortion nor having repeat abortions had an independent relationship to well-being, suggesting that the relationship of abortion to well-being reflects abortion's role in controlling fertility and its relationship to coping resources. When childbearing and abortion variables were controlled, women's well-being was separately and positively related to employment, income, and education, but negatively related to total number of children.

text: *

text: * Our results provide no support for the claim by Reardon and Cougle that terminating an unwanted first pregnancy contributes to risk of subsequent depression. Instead, our finding that the group that delivered before 1980 had a significantly higher risk of depression than all other groups directly contradicts the claim that terminating an unwanted first pregnancy puts women at higher risk of subsequent depression, particularly for younger women.
thread_title:  Наука 

message: Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health. David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood, and Elizabeth M. Ridder
replies: text: * It is possible, therefore, that the apparent associations between abortion and mental health found in this study may not reflect the traumatic effects of abortion per se but rather other factors which are associated with the process of seeking and obtaining an abortion. For example, it could be proposed that our results reflect the effects of unwanted pregnancy on mental health rather than the effects of abortion per se on mental health.

text: * Notwithstanding the reservations and limitations above, the present research raises the possibility that for some young women, exposure to abortion is a traumatic life event which increases longer-term susceptibility to common mental disorders. These findings are inconsistent with the current consensus on the psychological effects of abortion.

text: * On the basis of the current study, it is our view that the issue of whether or not abortion has harmful effects on mental health remains to be fully resolved.
Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study. David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood and Joseph M. Boden

text: * Although the weight of the evidence favours the view that abortion has a small causal effect on mental health problems, other explanations remain possible. In particular it could be suggested that the small association between abortion and mental health found in this study could be explained by uncontrolled residual confounding.
Invited commentaries on... Abortion and mental health disorders
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/pdf_extract/195/1/83

text: * So Fergusson et al's study can be regarded as the first good-quality study to show a possible negative effect (...)
thread_title:  Fergusson 

message: Review article: Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence (Charles et al)
replies: text: * A clear trend emerges from this systematic review: the highest quality studies had findings that were mostly neutral, suggesting few, if any, differences between women who had abortions and their respective comparison groups in terms of mental health sequelae. Conversely, studies with the most flawed methodology found negative mental health sequelae of abortion.

text: 4 лучших исследования по мнению авторов статьи:

text: *

text: * After controlling for pre-existing anxiety and contextual factors, there was no greater risk of anxiety in either abortion or delivery groups.

text: * Termination of pregnancy and psychiatric morbidity

text: * Rates of total reported psychiatric disorder were no higher after termination of pregnancy than after childbirth.

text: *

text: * No evidence of widespread post-abortion trauma was found. Having 1 abortion was positively associated with higher global self-esteem, particularly feelings of self-worth, capableness, and not feeling one is a failure. When childbearing and resource variables were controlled, neither having 1 abortion nor having repeat abortions had an independent relationship to well-being, suggesting that the relationship of abortion to well-being reflects abortion's role in controlling fertility and its relationship to coping resources. When childbearing and abortion variables were controlled, women's well-being was separately and positively related to employment, income, and education, but negatively related to total number of children.

text: *

text: * Our results provide no support for the claim by Reardon and Cougle that terminating an unwanted first pregnancy contributes to risk of subsequent depression. Instead, our finding that the group that delivered before 1980 had a significantly higher risk of depression than all other groups directly contradicts the claim that terminating an unwanted first pregnancy puts women at higher risk of subsequent depression, particularly for younger women.
thread_title:  Review article 

message: Авторы                                                                      	Работа                                                                                                                                                             	Ссылка на источник                                    	Год 	Результат	URL	Оценка Contraception
Steinberg and Russo, 2008 (USA)                                             	Abortion and anxiety: what's the relationship?                                                                                                                     	Soc Sci Med 2008;67:238–52                            	2008	Neutral  	   	good
Taft and Watson, 2008 (Australia)                                           	Depression and termination of pregnancy (induced abortion) in a national cohort of young Australian women: the confounding effect of women's experience of violence	BMC Publ Health 2008;8:75                             	2008	Neutral  	   	fair
Pedersen, 2008 (Norway)                                                     	Abortion and depression: a population-based longitudinal study of young women                                                                                      	Scand J Publ Health 2008;36:424–8.                    	2008	Mixed    	   	poor
Rees and Sabia, 2007 (USA)                                                  	The relationship between abortion and depression: new evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study                                                 	Med Sci Monit 2007;13:CR430–6                         	2007	Mixed    	   	poor
Broen et al., 2006 (Norway)                                                 	Predictors of anxiety and depression following pregnancy termination: a longitudinal five-year follow-up study                                                     	Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2006;85:317–23              	2006	Neutral  	   	fair
Fergusson et al., 2006 (New Zealand)                                        	Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health                                                                                                               	J Child Psychol Psychiatr Allied Discipl 2006;47:16–24	2006	Negative 	   	fair
Schmiege and Russo, 2005 (USA) пересчет результатов Reardon and Cougle, 2002	Depression and unwanted first pregnancy: longitudinal cohort study                                                                                                 	Br Med J 2005;331:1303–6.                             	2005	Neutral  	   	good
Broen et al., 2005 (Norway)                                                 	The course of mental health after miscarriage and induced abortion: a longitudinal, five-year follow-up study                                                      	BMC Med 2005;3:51.                                    	2005	Mixed    	   	fair
Cougle et al., 2005 (USA)                                                   	Generalized anxiety following unintended pregnancies resolved through childbirth and abortion: a cohort study of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth         	J Anxiety Disorders 2005;19:137–42                    	2005	Negative 	   	fair
Broen et al., 2004 (Norway)                                                 	Psychological impact on women of miscarriage versus induced abortion: a 2 year follow-up study.                                                                    	Psychosom Med 2004;66:265–71.                         	2004	Mixed    	   	fair
Cougle and Reardon, 2003 (USA)                                              	Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: a long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort                                                                        	MedSci Monitor 2003;9:CR105–12                        	2003	Negative 	   	poor
Reardon et al., 2003 (USA)                                                  	Psychiatric admissions of low-income women following abortion and childbirth                                                                                       	CMAJ 2003;168:1253–6.                                 	2003	Negative 	   	poor
Reardon and Cougle, 2002 (USA)                                              	Depression and unintended pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: a cohort study.                                                                  	Br Med J 2002;324:151–2.                              	2002	Mixed    	   	fair
Coleman et al., 2002 (USA)                                                  	State-funded abortions versus deliveries: a comparison of outpatient mental health claims over 4 years                                                             	Am J Orthopsychiatr 2002;72:141–52                    	2002	Negative 	   	poor
Reardon et al., 2002 (USA)                                                  	Deaths associated with pregnancy outcome: a record linkage study of low income women                                                                               	Soc Med J 2002;95:834–41.                             	2002	Negative 	   	poor
Bailey et al., 2001 (Brazil)                                                	Adolescent pregnancy 1 year later: the effects of abortion vs. motherhood in Northeast Brazil.                                                                     	J Adolesc Health 2001;29:223–32                       	2001	Mixed    	   	poor
Gilchrist et al., (2008, но в ссылке 1995)                                  	Termination of pregnancy and psychiatric morbidity.                                                                                                                	Br J Psychiatr 1995;167:243–8.                        	1995	Neutral  	   	good
Russo and Zierk, 1992 (USA)                                                 	Abortion, childbearing, and women's well-being                                                                                                                     	Prof Psychol: Res Practice 1992;23:269–80             	1992	Neutral  	   	good
Zabin et al., 2006 (в ссылке 1989) (USA)                                    	When urban adolescents choose abortion: effects on education, psychological status and subsequent pregnancy                                                        	Fam Plann Perspect 1989;21:248–55                     	1989	Neutral  	   	fair
Gissler et al., 2005 (Finland)                                              	Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy                                                                                                    	1987-2000. Europ J Pub Health 2005;15:459–63.         	1987	Negative 	   	very poor
Fergusson выделен, потому что, после него обновились #Заявления психологических организаций
thread_title:  Исследования в хронологическом порядке 

message: http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/169/2/102-b
thread_title:  Околонаучное 

message: Заявление RCPSYCH 2008 
*Предшествоваший отчет комитета по науке, рекомендовавший обновить заявление:  
Заявление APA 2008 
* Предшествоваший отчет рабочего комитета:
thread_title:  Заявления психологических организаций 

message: Безопасный аборт: Рекомендации для систем здравоохранения по вопросам политики и практики. ВОЗ 2004 г. 
todo: вставить единственный параграф из этого документа,  упоминающий об отсутствии психических последствий.
thread_title:  Цитата из ВОЗ 

message: http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/magazine/21abortion.t.html
http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/329/index.html
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article4560630.ece
----
thread_title:  Журналисты