Обсуждение:Гладиатор

message: * Andabatae: Fought with a helmet with no eyeholes and on horseback. They were called andabatae, from the Greek word άναβαται, ascensores, because they fought on horseback, or out of chariots.
Андабатаи - Сражались верхом в шлемах, без прорезей для глаз. Название происходит от греческого άναβαται
* Bestiarii: Not really a kind of gladiator, but a specially trained kind of fighter who fought against beasts, usually with spears.
Бестиарии - на самом деле не тип гладиаторов, специально обученные бойцы, которые сражались против зверей, обычно использовали копья.
* Bustuarii: fought around the remains of a deceased person, as part of his funeral rightes.
Бустуарии - сражались вокруг остатков умершего, как часть похоронного ритуала.
* Dimachaeri ("fighters with two swords or daggers" from the Greek "δυμάχαιρος"="bearing two knives"): Little more than what their name suggests is known about this type of gladiator.Marcus Junkelmann, 'Familia Gladiatoria: “The Heroes of the Amphitheatre”' in The Power of Spectacle in Ancient Rome: Gladiators and Caesars, ed. by Eckart Köhne and Cornelia Ewigleben (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2000), p. 63 
Димахаерии - бойцы с двумя мечами или кинжалами. Названии происходит от греческого "δυμάχαιρος" - носящий пару кинжалов.
* Equites ("knights"): In early depictions, these lightly-armed gladiators wear scale armour, a medium-sized round cavalry shield (parma equestris), and a brimmed helmet without a crest, but two decorative feathers. In imperial times, they sport an arm-guard (manica) on their right arm and sleeveless, belted tunics, in contrast to other gladiators who usually fought bare-chested, and no greaves. At least in Isidore of Seville's times, the equites rode white horses and opened a day's program of fights (Origines 18.53ff.). They started on horseback, but after they had thrown their lance (hasta), they dismounted and continued to fight on foot with their short sword (gladius).Junkelmann 2000, pp. 37 and 47-48 
* Essedari ("war-chariot fighters"): The name of these fighters derives from the Latin word for a Celtic war-chariot, esseda. These chariots were still used by the Celts in Britain when Caesar tried to invade the island in 55 B.C. Essedarii appear as arena-fighters in many inscriptions after the first century A.D. Yet since no pictorial representations exist, we do not know anything about their equipment and manner of fighting.Junkelmann 2000, p. 63 
* Hoplomachi: ("armed fighters" from Greek "οπλομάχος") Like the Thraces, these heavily armoured fighters may have developed out of the earlier Samnites. They wore quilted, trouser-like leg wrappings, maybe made from linen, a loincloth, a belt, a pair of long shin-guards or greaves, a manica (arm-guard) on the right arm, and a brimmed helmet, not unlike that of the Thraces, with a crescent-shaped crest that could be adorned with a plume of feathers on top and a single feather on each side. Equipped with a gladius and a very small, round shield made of one sheet of thick bronze (an example from Pompeii survives), they were paired with murmillones or Thraces.Junkelmann 2000, pp. 52-53
* Laquerarii ('lasso fighters"): These may be a kind of retiarius who tried to catch their adversaries with a lasso (laqueus) instead of a net.Junkelmann 2000, p. 63 
* Murmillones: Named after the stylized fish (Greek mormylos) on the crest of his helmet, a murmillo wore a manica (arm-guard), a loincloth and belt, a gaiter on his right leg, thick wrappings covering the tops of his feet, and a very short greave with an indentation for the padding at the top of the feet. Murmillones carried a gladius (40-50 cm long) and a tall, oblong shield in the legionary style. They were paired with Thraces, occasionally also with the similar hoplomachi.Junkelmann 2000, pp. 48-51
* Provocatores: This type of middle-weight fighter wore a loincloth, a belt, a long greave on the left leg, a manica on the lower right arm, and a visored helmet without brim or crest, but with a feather on each side. They were the only gladiators protected by a breastplate (cardiophylax) which is usually rectangular, later often crescent-shaped. They fought with a tall, rectangular shield and the gladius and were usually paired with another provocator.Junkelmann 2000, pp. 37 and 57-59
* Retiarii: Developed in the early Augustan era, the retiarius (net-fighter) carried a trident, a dagger, a net, and no helmet. Except for a loincloth, a manica on his left arm, and a metal shoulder-guard (galerus) above the manica, the retiarius fought naked and was always paired with a secutor.Junkelmann 2000, pp. 59-61
* Sagittarius- A fighter who used a bow and arrow
* Samnites: The Samnites, an early type of heavily-armed fighter that disappears in the early imperial period, point to the Campanian origins of gladiatorial contests because the Samnites were a powerful league of Italian tribes in the region of Campania south of Rome against which the Romans fought three major wars between 326 and 291 BC. A Samnis was armed with a long rectangular shield (scutum), a plumed helmet, a short sword, and probably a greave on his left leg.Junkelmann 2000, p. 37. 
* Secutores: This kind of fighter, specifically developed to fight the retiarius, was a variant of the murmillo and wore the same armour and weapons, including the tall rectangular shield and the gladius.  His helmet, however, covered the entire face with the exception of two small eye-holes in order to protect his face from the thin prongs of the trident of his opponent. The helmet was almost round and smooth so that the retiarius' net could not get a grip on it.Junkelmann 2000, pp. 40-41 and 61-63
* Thraces: The Thracians also wore the same protective armour as the hoplomachi and a similar helmet, except that theirs was distinguished by a stylized griffin on the protome or front of the crest (the griffin was the companion of the avenging goddess Nemesis). In contrast to the hoplomachi, Thraces were equipped with a small, rectangular (almost square) shield (parmula) and short sword (ca. 34 cm long) with a curved or bent blade (sicca). The Thraces may originally have been prisoners-of-war from Thrace. They commonly fought murmillones or hoplomachi.Junkelmann 2000, pp. 51-57
thread_title: нужно перевести

message: Римляне любили Колизей, на арене которого разыгравались жестокие гладиаторские бои. Некоторые гладиаторы должны были бороться с дикими животными, например со львами, с помощью горящих факелов или даже голыми руками.{| class="wikitable"
--77.122.130.150 17:44, 3 февраля 2009 (UTC) Ящуринская Юлия Юриевна
--46.73.168.108 21:40, 26 ноября 2010 (UTC)WARnoxxAR
thread_title:  Как римляне развлекались. 

message: Традиция решать споры между отдельными людьми или кланами союзов дружественных племён, посредством поединка ("Суда богов") существовала издавна. Например, по легенде спор о том кто будет верховодить в союзе, римляне или латиняне решался поединком трёх братьев Горациев против трёх братьев Куриациев, которые представляли соответсвующие стороны.
Так, что гладиаторские бои это скорее "тотализатор", позволяющий также вынести противостояние партий из тёмных закоулков на солнечную арену.
80.254.49.98 11:09, 1 октября 2009 (UTC)DhuMory
thread_title:  Альтернативная версия появления традиции гладиаторских боёв.  

message: а почему избегаются в статье слова: ланиста и лудус? Retro917 08:55, 16 мая 2012 (UTC)
thread_title:  а почему избегаются в статье слова: ланиста и лудус? 

message: Про "Палец Вверх" добавьте. Вообще-то сейчас на дворе 21 век, а не средневековье и ТАКИЕ ПРОСТЫЕ вещи НЕ УВИДЕТЬ В ВИКИПЕДИИ - это ненормально, товарищи. Так что означает этот поднятый палец? Почему вверх - это жизнь?
Ответ:
Возьмите правую ладонь. Сожмите 4-е пальца в кулак. Большой палец вверх и НЕМНОГО согнуть на 30-45 градусов вниз. ЧТО ВИДИМ, ГОСПОДА??? Да это же ЕВРЕЙСКАЯ БУКВА "НУН". "НУН" - это не только 14-ая буква, имеющая гематрию 50 (агнец), это ещё на иврите означает - ЖИЗНЬ/СПАСЕНИЕ!!!
Опубликуйте.
37.192.188.13 06:45, 23 мая 2015 (UTC) Тамплиер
thread_title:  Жест пальцем (дополнение) 

message: "В 357 году император Константин II воспретил всем римским солдатам и офицерам добровольно поступать в гладиаторские школы". - такого не могло быть потому, что император Константин II умер в 340 году.
Автор сообщения: 91.105.176.240 15:35, 30 мая 2021 (UTC)
replies: text: К сожалению, никаких источников анонимный участник не привел. В те года правил Констанций II, мб его имели ввиду.  ~~‍~~ Jaguar K · 08:42, 31 мая 2021 (UTC)
*  — Well-Informed Optimist (?•!) 13:15, 20 июня 2021 (UTC)
thread_title:  Сообщение об ошибке