lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bernie-ga [Alex-o utukusi ku] si-ta .
Glosses: Bernie-NOM Alex-ACC beautiful PRED do-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} de at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED COP-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar/happy.’ (noun/nominal adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Alex-ga utukusi ku at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful.’ (canonical adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} dat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED.COP-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi kat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga [{gakusya/siawase} de]-wa at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC COP-PST
Translation: It is true that Alex was a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga [utukusi ku]-wa at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC COP-PST
Translation: It is true that Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} de -ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED -PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar/happy (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga utukusi k -ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED -PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasit-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-PST
Translation: Alex ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasir-anak *(at)-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-NEG COP-PST
Translation: Alex did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} {desi/*masi}-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar/happy.’ (noun/nominal adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga [utukusi ku]-masi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga utukusi desi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusy-uu gozai-masi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful-ly exist.AHU-AH-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (lit., Alex existed in a beautiful manner).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasira-nai ka nee ?
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-NEG Q SFP
Translation: Does Alex not run?’ (plain)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasiri-{mas/*des}-en ka nee ?
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-NEG Q SFP
Translation: Does Alex not run?’ (polite)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga hasiri-masi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM run-AH-PST
Translation: Alex ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga [hasiri-mas-en] {*at/desi}-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM run-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} de-wa nak-at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi ku(-wa) nak-at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa {gakusya/siawase} de-wa *(ari)-mas-en desi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa utukusi ku(-wa) *(ari)-mas-en desi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa {gakusya/siawase} de-wa *(ari)-mas-en .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa utukusi ku(-wa) *(ari)-mas-en .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga utukusi kat-ta        ] {des/*mas}-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga utukusi k-at-ta] (*{de ar-u/da})].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-COP-PST PRED COP-PRS/COP
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa [gakusya desi-te], amerika-ni ryuugaku si-tei-masi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar PRED.COP.AH-CV America-to study abroad do-PROG-AH-PST
Translation: Alex, being a scholar, studied abroad in the US.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-wa [utukusi k-at-ta desi-te], moderu-o si-tei-masi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-COP-PST AH-CV everything know-PROG-AH-PST
Translation: Alex, having been beautiful, was a model (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Gakusya desi-tara] suzuki sensei-o syookai si-mas-yoo ka ?
Glosses: scholar PRED.COP.AH-if Suzuki prof.-ACC introduce do-AH-shall Q
Translation: If (you are looking for) a scholar, shall I introduce Prof. Suzuki?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Utukusi k-at-ta desi-tara] doraihurawaa-ni si-ta kamosire-mas-en .
Glosses: beautiful PRED-COP-PST AH-if dried flower-into make-PST may-AH-NEG
Translation: If (it) was beautiful, I would have made it into a dried flower (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga hasir-anak at-ta] des-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM run-NEG COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} de-wa nak-at-ta] des-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga utukusi ku(-wa) nak-at-ta] des-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ [ Alex-ga gakusya de-wa nak-at-ta] de ar/dat-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM scholar PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST PRED COP/PRED.COP-PST-u
Translation: Alex was not a scholar (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-wa gakusya de-wa nak-at-ta desi-te], amerika-ni ryuugaku
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar PRED-COP-PST NEG-COP-PST AH-te America-to study abroad
Translation: si-tei-masi-ta. do-PRG-AH-PST ‘Alex, not being a scholar, studied abroad in the US.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga hasir-anai] des-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM run-NEG AH-u
Translation: Alex does not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga {gakusya/siawase} de-wa nai] des-u .]
Glosses:   Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC NEG AH-u
Translation: Alex is not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alex-ga utukusi ku(-wa) nai] des-u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC NEG AH-u
Translation: Alex is not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Moo tukare-ta des-u-ne .
Glosses: already get tired-PST AH-u-SFP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Minasan-to onazi-yooni , […] watasi-mo ganbar-u des-u .
Glosses: you-with same-way  I-also try to do my best-PRS AH-u
Translation: Like you, […] I will do my best.’ (Ogawa et al. 2020: 259)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[Ii mise dat-ta] des-u].
Glosses: good restaurant PRED.COP-PST AH-u
Translation: (It) was a good restaurant.’ (noun)17
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Pan-wa [“kyarottopan”-toka suki dat-ta] des-u-ne].
Glosses: bread-TOP carrot bread-such as fond PRED.COP-PST AH-u-SFP
Translation: As for bread, I was fond of (bread) such as “carrot bread”.’ (nominal adjective)18
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa {gakusya/siawase} des-u .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy (PRED.COP.)AH-PRS/u
Translation: He is a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusyuu gozat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautifully exist.AHU-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (lit., Alex existed in a beautiful manner).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi i des-u .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS AH-PRS
Translation: Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi i no des-u .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP PRED.COP.AH-PRS
Translation: It is that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga utukusi i dat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi i no dat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP AH-PST
Translation: It was that Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Hasir] -amu].
Glosses:  run EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Hasir-u] de] ar-oo].
Glosses:  run-u de COP-EPI
Translation: (He) will run
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[[ Gakusya] {-amu/oo}].
Glosses:  scholar EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Gakusya] de] ar{-amu/oo}].
Glosses:  scholar PRED COP-EPI
Translation: (He) will be a scholar
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Utukusi k] ar-{amu/oo}].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED COP-EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Utukusi i] de] ar-oo].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED de COP-EPI
Translation: (He) will be beautiful
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Utukusi i] dar-oo].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED de.COP-EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Utukusi i] des-yoo].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED de.COP.AH-EPI
Translation: (He) will be beautiful
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Hasit-ta] des-oo].
Glosses:  run-PST de.COP-EPI
Translation: it is probable that (he) ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga gakusya de at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP.AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga gakusya dat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga gakusya desi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi ku at-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED COP-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga utukusi dat-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . X ↔  /[__ Σ]
Glosses: b . Σ ↔  /[ X __ ]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasiri-mas-en .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-u
Translation: Alex does not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-wa {gakusya/siawase} (de) mas-en .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED AH-u
Translation: Alex is not a scholar/happy (intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-wa hasiri-desi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-PST
Translation: Alex ran (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . Σ ↔ ∅
Glosses: b . Σ ↔
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasir-u .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-PRS
Translation: Alex runs.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa hasira-nai .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-NEG
Translation: Alex does not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa {gakusya/siawase} de ar-u .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED COP-PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-wa {gakusya/siawase} de nai .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED NEG
Translation: Alex is not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Moo tukare-ta] [ desu-ne].
Glosses:  already get tired-PST  AH-SFP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alex-ga utukusi kat-ta        ] [ desu-ne] ].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST  AH-SFP
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alex-ga utukusi kat-ta                ] [ desu] ].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST  AH
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alex-ga utukusyuu gozai-masi-ta] (ne)].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautifully exist.AHU-AH-PST SFP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alex-ga utukusi k-at-ta] des-u(-ne)].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-COP-PST AH-u-SFP
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mitome-rare-te i-mas-en desi-ta ka nee ?
Glosses: recognize-PASS-CV PRG-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST Q SFP
Translation: Was (it) not being recognized?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hana-ga utukusi {ku ar/*kar}-u beki da .
Glosses: flower-NOM beautiful PRED COP/PRED.COP-u should COP
Translation: Flowers should be beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Hana-ga utukusi {ku at/kat}-ta beki da .
Glosses: flower-NOM beautiful PRED COP/PRED.COP-u should COP
Translation: Flowers should have been beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hana-ga utukusi {ku ari/*kari}-mas-en .
Glosses: flower-NOM beautiful PRED COP/PRED.COP.AH-NEG
Translation: Flowers are not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-wa utukusi ku-wa ar-mas-en {de at/dat}-ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-FOC COP-AH-NEG PRED COP/COP-PST
Translation: Alex was not beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga gakusya de ar-u .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (Zyookyoo-wa) [Alex-ga utukusi i no] des-u .
Glosses: situation-TOP Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP PRED.COP.AH-PRS
Translation: It (= the situation) is that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watasi-wa [Alex-ga utukusi i no]-o sit-ter-u .
Glosses: I-TOP Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP-ACC know-PRF-PRS
Translation: I know that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (Zyookyoo-wa) [Alex-ga gakusya {na/*da} no] des-u .
Glosses: situation-TOP Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP.ADN/PRED.COP COMP PRED.COP.AH-PRS
Translation: It (= the situation) is that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga gakusya-de-wa ari-masi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar-PRED-FOC be-AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga gakusya-d-wa esi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar-PRED-FOC COP-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alex-ga gakusya-∅-wa desi-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar-PRED-FOC COP-PST
Translation: It is true that Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga utukusi i .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful i
Translation: Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga gakusya {de ar-u/da}.
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Alex-ga gakusya {de ar-u/*da}] zizitu-o sitteir-u .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS fact-ACC know-PRS
Translation: I know the fact that Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Alex-ga gakusya {de ar-u/da}]-to sitteir-u .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS-COMP know-PRS
Translation: I know that Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Alex-ga gakusya {de ar-u/da} ka]-o sitteir-u .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS Q-ACC know-PRS
Translation: I know whether Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bernie-ga Alex-o home-{masi/*desi}-ta .
Glosses: Bernie-NOM Alex-ACC praise-AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga home-rare-{masi/*desi}-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM praise-PASS-AH-PST
Translation: Alex was praised.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alex-ga siawase na {hazu/yoo} {desi/*masi}-ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM happy COP.ADN should/seem PRED.COP.AH/AH-PST
Translation: Alex {should/seems to be} be happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Watasi-wa desu-ne] [totemo desu-ne] tukare-ta desu-yo .
Glosses: Alex-TOP AH-PFP very AH-PFP get tired-PST AH-SFP
Translation: I got so tired.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[[ Alex-ga gakusya de]-wa nak] at-ta] des-u].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM scholar PRED-FOC NEG COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was not a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[[ Alex-ga gakusya de]-wa ari-mas-en] desi-ta]].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM scholar PRED-FOC COP-AH-NEG AH-PST
Translation: Alex was not a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Sato-ga na ] k-at-ta] des-u].
Glosses:  sugar-NOM absent  PRED-COP-PST AH-u
Translation: There was no sugar (lit., sugar was absent).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Sato-ga noo ] gozai-masi-ta] ].
Glosses:  sugar-NOM absently  AHU.exist-AH-PST 
Translation: There was no sugar (lit., sugar existed absently).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to { [may bii] [ira-may la~laki] / [ira-may la~laki] [may bii] }.
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman PL-DEM PL-man PL-DEM PL-man DEM woman
Translation: The woman saw the men.’ / *’The men saw the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to [may bii] [may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman DEM man
Translation: The woman saw the man.’ / *’The man saw the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man-tanem [si Pedro] [na ponti].                                                           Actor Voice (AV)
Glosses: AV-plant NOM Pedro GEN banana
Translation: Pedro will plant a banana.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I-tanem [nen Pedro] [su ponti] [ed lima =to].                        Patient Voice (PV)
Glosses: PV-plant GEN Pedro NOM banana OBL hand GEN.3SG
Translation: Pedro will plant the banana with his hands.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pan-tanem [nen Pedro] [so lima =to] [ed ponti].       Instrumental Voice(IV)
Glosses: IV-plant GEN Pedro NOM hand GEN.3SG OBL banana
Translation: Pedro will plant the banana with his hands.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-sulat { [na laki] [su sulat] / [su sulat] [na laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN man NOM letter NOM letter GEN man
Translation: A/The man wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-itd-an [na laki] [na libro] [su bii].
Glosses: ASP-give-BV GEN man GEN book NOM woman
Translation: The man gave a book to the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #In-itd-an [na libro] [na laki] [su bii].
Glosses: ASP-give-BV GEN book GEN man NOM woman
Translation: Intended: * ‘The man gave a book to the woman.’ Attested: # ‘The book gave a man to the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-sulat *(=to) { [may laki] [su sulat] / [su sulat] [may laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN.3SG DEM man NOM letter NOM letter DEM man
Translation: The man wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-sulat *(=da) { [ira-may la~laki] [su sulat] / [su sulat] [ira-may la~laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN.3PL PL-DEM PL-man NOM letter NOM letter PL-DEM PL-man
Translation: The men wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-sulat { [na laki] [may sulat] / [may sulat] [na laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN man DEM letter DEM letter GEN man
Translation: A/The man wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-sulat (=ira) { [na laki] [ira-may sulat] / [ira-may sulat] [na laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write NOM.3PL GEN man PL-DEM letter PL-DEM letter GEN man
Translation: A/The man wrote the letters.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to ([ed eskuelaan]) [may bii] ([ed eskuelaan]) [may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG OBL school DEM woman OBL school DEM man
Translation: The woman saw the man (at school).’ (agent < theme) *’The man saw the woman (at school).’ (theme < agent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =da { [ira-may la~laki] [may bii] / [may bii] [ira-may la~laki] }.
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3PL PL-DEM PL-man DEM woman DEM woman PL-DEM PL-man
Translation: The men saw the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to (=ira) { [may laki] [ira-may bi~bii] / [ira-may bi~bii] [may laki] }.
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG NOM.3PL DEM man PL-DEM PL-woman PL-DEM PL-woman DEM man
Translation: The man saw the women.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =da (=ira) [ira-may la~laki] [ira-may bi~bii].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3PL NOM.3PL PL-DEM PL-man PL-DEM PL-woman
Translation: The men saw the women.’ (agent < theme) * ‘The women saw the men.’ (theme < agent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to [yay bii] [may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM.AUTH woman DEM man
Translation: This woman saw the man.’ (agent < theme) * ‘The man saw this woman.’ (theme < agent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: S<in>ipa =to [may laki] [may bola].
Glosses: PV-kick GEN.3SG DEM man DEM ball
Translation: The man kicked the ball.’ (agent < theme)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #S<in>ipa =to [may bola] [may laki].
Glosses: PV-kick GEN.3SG DEM ball DEM man
Translation: Intended: * ‘The man kicked the ball.’ (theme < agent) Attested: # ‘The ball kicked the man.’ (agent < theme)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to [may bii] [may bulag ya laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman DEM blind LK man
Translation: The woman saw the blind man.’ (agent < theme)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #A-nengneng =to [may bulag ya laki] [may bii].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM blind LK man DEM woman
Translation: Intended: * ‘The woman saw the blind man.’ (theme < agent) Attested: # ‘The blind man saw the woman.’ (agent < theme)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Q . Siopa so a-nengneng =to [may laki]?
Glosses:  who NOM PV-see GEN.3SG DEM man
Translation: Who did the man see?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A .# A-nengneng =to [may bii] [may laki].
Glosses:  PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman DEM man
Translation: Intended: * ‘The man saw [the woman].’ (theme < agent) Attested: # ‘The woman saw the man.’ (agent < theme)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: P<in>a-akis =to [may ogaw] [may balolaki].
Glosses: PV-CAUS-cry GEN.3SG DEM child DEM bachelor
Translation: The young man made the child cry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-dayew [na laki] [so sarili =to =n ának].
Glosses: PV-praise GEN man NOM self GEN.3SG LK PL.child
Translation: The man praised his own children.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: S<in>aliw [na ma~maestra] [so lib~libro na san-sakey].
Glosses: PV-buy GEN PL-teacher NOM PL-book LK each-one
Translation: The teachers bought each other’s books.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In-dayew (=ira) [na laki] [ira-may sarili =to =n ának].
Glosses: PV-praise NOM.3PL GEN man PL-DEM self GEN.3SG LK PL.child
Translation: The man praised his own children.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: S<in>aliw (=ira) [na ma~maestra] [ira-may lib~libro na san-sakey].
Glosses: PV-buy NOM.3PL GEN PL-teacher PL-DEM PL-book LK each-one
Translation: The teachers bought each other’s books.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mat’ ljubit doč .
Glosses: mother.NOM.CC loves daughter.NOM.CC
Translation: The mother loves the daughter.’ (SVO) * ‘The daughter loves the mother.’ (OVS)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Die Mutter sieht die Tochter .
Glosses: the.NOM.CC mother sees the.NOM.CC daughter
Translation: The mother sees the daughter.’ (SVO) * ‘The daughter sees the mother.’ (OVS)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to [ ira-may la~laki] [ may bii].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG  PL-DEM PL-man DEM woman
Translation: The woman saw the men.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: S<in>ipa =to [ may bola] [ may laki].
Glosses: PV-kick GEN.3SG  DEM ball  DEM man
Translation: Intended: ‘The man kicked the ball.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to [ yay bii] [ may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG  DEM.AUTH woman  DEM man
Translation: Intended: ‘The man saw this woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A-nengneng =to [may laki] [may bii].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM man DEM woman
Translation: The man saw [the woman].’ (agent < theme)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Samay bii] so a-nengneng =to [may laki].
Glosses: DEM woman NOM PV-see GEN.3SG DEM man
Translation: It’s [the woman] that the man saw.
Language: Moroccan Arabic
Transcription: Mša ʕumar w ʕali .
Glosses: left.3SG.M Omar and Ali
Translation: Omar and Ali left.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Ja sitten oon mä ja kaksi muu-ta tyttö-ä .
Glosses: and then be.1SG I and two other-PART girl-PART
Translation: And then there is me and two other girls.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: dat-st do en Marie dit wykein yn Rome west ha .
Glosses: that-2SG you and Marie this weekend in Rome been have.PL
Translation: that you and Marie have been to Rome this weekend.
Language: Levantine Arabic
Transcription: Keen Kariim w Marwaan ʔam yilʔabo .
Glosses: was.3SG.M Kareem and Marwaan ASP playing.PL
Translation: Kareem and Marwaam were playing.
Language: Levantine Arabic
Transcription: *Ltaa Kariim w Marwaan .
Glosses: met.3SG.M Kareem and Marwaan .
Language: Levantine Arabic
Transcription: Ltao Kariim w Marwaan .
Glosses: met.PL Kareem and Marwaan .
Language: Levantine Arabic
Transcription: əryit kəll mara w əbna əṣṣa
Glosses: read.3SG.F each woman and child.her story
Translation: Each woman and her child read a story.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Do pokoju weszła Maria i Jan .
Glosses: to room entered.F Maria and Jan . 
Translation: Into the room walked Maria and Jan.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Do pokoju weszła Maria i do pokoju wszedł Jan .
Glosses: to room entered.F Maria and to room entered.M Jan
Translation: Maria walked into the room and Jan walked into the room.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: *Hast do en Marie dit wykein yn Rome west ?
Glosses: have.2SG you and Marie this weekend in Rome been
Language: Frisian
Transcription: Ha do en Marie dit wykein yn Rome west ?
Glosses: have.PL you and Marie this weekend in Rome been
Translation: Have you and Marie been in Rome this weekend?
Language: Frisian
Transcription: Miskien moatst do Pyt helpe .
Glosses: perhaps have.2SG you Pyt help
Translation: Perhaps you have to help Pyt.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: *Miskien moatst sels do Pyt helpe .
Glosses: perhaps have.2SG even you Pyt help
Language: Frisian
Transcription: dat-st do Pyt helpe moatst .
Glosses: that-2SG you Pyt help have.2SG
Translation: that you have to help Pyt.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: *dat-st sels do Pyt helpe moatst .
Glosses: that-2SG even you Pyt help have.2SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Hast [ [ hast do ___] and [ hat Marie ___]] dit wykein yn Rome west ?
Glosses: have.2SG  have.2SG you  and have.3SG Marie this weekend in Rome been
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ha  [ do] en [ Marie]] dit wykein yn Rome west ?
Glosses: have.PL   you and  Marie this weekend in Rome been ?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dat-st [ [ do ___] and [ Marie ___]] dit wykein yn Rome west ha .
Glosses: that-2SG  you  and  Marie  this weekend in Rome been have.PL
Language: Frisian
Transcription: Ik tink dat do en Jan de wedstriden winne sille .
Glosses: I think that you and Jan the games win will.PL
Translation: I think that you and Jan will win the games.’ One-event reading preferred: you and Jan are a team.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: I think dat-st do en Jan de wedstriden winne sille .
Glosses: I think that-2SG you and Jan the games win will.PL
Translation: I think that you and Jan will win the games.’ Two-event reading preferred: you and Jan are each playing their own games.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dat  [ do] en [ Jan]] de wedstriden winnen sille .
Glosses: that   you and  Jan the games win will.PL
Language: Frisian
Transcription: Ik wit net oft heit en mem dit wykein yn Parys west ha , mar wol dat do en Marie dit wykein yn Rome wiene .
Glosses: I know not if dad and mum this weekend in Paris been have.PL but PTCL that you and Marie this weekend in Rome were.PL
Translation: I don’t know if dad and mum have been in Paris this weekend, but I do know that you and Marie were in Rome this weekend.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: Ik tink [ dat-st-o ___ ] en [ dat Jan ___ ] de wedstriden winne 
Glosses: I think that-2SG-you  and  that Jan  the game win will.PL
Translation: I think that you and that Jan are going to win the game.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Chcę , że-by-ś przestał mi przeszkadzać .
Glosses: want.1SG that-COND-2SG stop.M.SG I.DAT disturb
Translation: I want you to stop disturbing me.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Maria chce , żebyśmy ja i mój sąsiad wyszli .
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1PL I and my neighbor.M.SG left.VIR.PL
Translation: Maria wants me and my neighbor to leave.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Maria chce , żebym ja i mój sąsiad wyszli .
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1SG I and my neighbor.M.SG left.VIR.PL
Translation: Maria wants me and my neighbor to leave.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Maria chce , żebym ja i mój sąsiad wyszedł .
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1SG I and my neighbor.M.SG left.M.SG
Translation: Maria wants me (F) and my neighbor to leave.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Tam na plaży nie leżała Maria i Jan .
Glosses: there on beach not lay.F.SG Maria and Jan
Translation: Maria and Jan did not lay there on the beach.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Leżała
Glosses: lay.F.SG
Translation: Yes, they did.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ tam na plaży leżała Maria ] [ i [ tam na plaży leżał Jan ]]]
Glosses:  there on beach lay.F.SG Maria  and  there on beach lay.M.SG Jan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: leżała [ [ tam na plaży t Maria ] [ i [ tam na plaży leżał Jan ]]]
Glosses: lay.F.SG  there on beach  Maria  and  there on beach lay.M.SG Jan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: leżała [ tam na plaży t [ Maria i Jan ]]
Glosses: lay.F.SG  there on beach   Maria i Jan
Language: Polish
Transcription: Do pokoju weszli kobieta i chłopiec .
Glosses: to room entered.PL woman and boy
Translation: Into the room walked a woman and boy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria chce , żebyśmy  [ ja] i [ mój sąsiad ]] wyszli .
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1PL   I and  my neighbor.M.SG  left.VIR.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria chce , żebym  [ ja] i [ mój sąsiad ]] wyszli .
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1SG   I and  my neighbor.M.SG  left.VIR.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria chce , żebym [ [ ja ___ ] i [ mój sąsiad ___ ]] wyszedł .
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1SG  I and  my neighbor.M.SG  left.M.SG
Language: Polish
Transcription: [ Maria myśli , że ona ___ ], a [ Jan myśli , że on ___ ]  najlepszym składniowcem na naszym wydziale .
Glosses: Maria thinks that she and Jan thinks that he was.M best syntactician on our department
Translation: Maria thinks that she, and Jan thinks that he, was the best syntactician in our department.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria chce , żebym [ [ ja ___ ] i [ mój sąsiad ___ ]] 
Glosses: Maria wants that.COND.1SG  I and  my neighbour.M.SG  left.M.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hè dink det Marie en-s toow idder apart langskomme .
Glosses: he thinks that Marie and-2SG you each separate by.come.PL
Translation: He thinks that Marie and you each come by separately.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Marie of-s toow mǒs d’n ierste sien .
Glosses: Marie or-2SG you must the first be
Translation: Marie or you must be the first.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ich dink de-s doow morge kums .
Glosses: I think that-2SG you tomorrow come.2SG
Translation: I think that you will come tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ det Marie idder apart langskomme ] en [ de-s toow idder apart langskomme ]]
Glosses:  that Marie each separately by.come en  that-2SG you each separate by.come
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ det Marie ___ ] en [ de-s toow ___ ]] idder apart langskomme .
Glosses:  that Marie  and  that-2SG you  each separate by.come
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: det [ [ Marie ] en [ toow ]] idder apart langskomme .
Glosses: that  Marie  en  you  each separate by.come.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hè dink det Marie *en-s / en toow samen de kmissie vorme .
Glosses: he thinks that Marie en-2SG / en you together the committee form.PL
Translation: He thinks that Marie and you form the committee together.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ich dink de-s doow en Marie zulle winnen .
Glosses: I think that-2SG you and Marie will.PL win
Translation: I think that you and Marie will win.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ontmoet-s / ontmoet-e doow en Marie uch voor de kerk ?
Glosses: meet-2SG / meet-PL you and Marie each.other for the church
Translation: Did you and Marie meet before the church?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ich dink de-s [ [ doow ___ ] en [ Marie ___]] zulle winnen
Glosses: I think that-2SG  you  and  Marie  will.PL win
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ Doow en Marie ] dink ich de-s t het spel zulle winnen .
Glosses: You and Marie think I that-2SG  the game will.PL win
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?[ Doow en Marie ] dink ich det t het spel zulle winnen .
Glosses: You and Marie think I that  the game will.PL win
Translation: You and Marie I think will win the game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Merel dôch [ det Peter ___] en [ det Stef ___ ] un gool  gemak .
Glosses: Merel thought that Peter  and  that Stef  a goal have.PL made
Translation: Merel thought that Peter and that Stef have scored a goal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Merel dôch [ det Peter ___ ] en [ det Stef ___ ] un gool  gemak .
Glosses: Merel thought that Peter  and that Stef  a goal have.SG made
Translation: Merel thought that Peter and that Stef has scored a goal.
Language: Frisian
Transcription: Ik hearde dat-st-o en Mark inoar troffen hawwe .
Glosses: I heard that-2SG-you and Mark each.other met have
Translation: I heard that you and Mark met each other.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: det / de-s auch doow en Anna komme .
Glosses: that / that-2SG also you and Anna come.PL
Translation: … that you and Anna will also be coming.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Laura is sjtols det Peter ___ ], en [ Esther is blie dat Stef ___ ] un gool  gemak
Glosses:  Laura is proud that Peter  and  Esther is happy that Stef  a goal have.SG made
Translation: Laura is proud that Peter, and Esther is happy that Stef, has scored a goal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I Maria ton aɣapai ton Jorɣo .
Glosses: the.NOM Mary.NOM 3SG.M.ACC love.3SG the.ACC George.ACC
Translation: Mary loves George.’ CLD Modern Greek
Language: Modern Greek
Transcription: *Tha tu se stilune .
Glosses: FUT 3SG.M.GEN 2SG.ACC send.3PL
Translation: They will send you to him.’ 3>2 Modern Greek
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ftasate [esis ke eɣo] tin iðja mera .
Glosses: arrive.PST.2 2PL.NOM and 1SG.NOM the.ACC same.ACC day.ACC
Translation: Y’all and I arrived the same day.’ Modern Greek
Language: Modern Greek
Transcription: { Se / sas /*tin } iða [esena ke ti Maria] sto parko .
Glosses: 2.ACC 2.ACC 3.F.ACC see.PST.1SG 2SG.ACC and the.ACC Mary.ACC in.the park
Translation: I saw you and Mary in the park.’ Modern Greek
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I Maria ton aɣapai ton fititi .
Glosses: the.NOM Mary.NOM 3SG.M.ACC love.3SG the.ACC student.ACC
Translation: Mary loves the student.’ CLD
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ton fititi , i Maria ton aɣapai .
Glosses: the.ACC student.ACC the.NOM Mary.NOM 3SG.M.ACC love.3SG
Translation: The student, Mary loves him.’ CLLD
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Ftasate / ftasame / *eftasa } [esis ke eɣo] tin iðja mera .
Glosses: arrive.PST.2 arrive.PST.1 arrive.PST.1 y’all2PL.NOM and 1SG.NOM the.ACC same.ACC day.ACC
Translation: Y’all and I arrived the same day.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Eftasa / ftasame / *ftasate } [eɣo ke esis] tin iðja mera .
Glosses: arrive.PST.1 arrive.PST.1 arrive.PST.2 1SG.NOM and 2PL.NOM the.ACC same.ACC day.ACC
Translation: I and y’all arrived the same day.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Ton / tus / *tin } iða [to Jani ke ti Maria] tin iðja mera .
Glosses: 3.ACC 3.ACC 3.ACC see.PST.1SG the.ACC John.ACC and the.ACC Mary.ACC the.ACC same.ACC day.ACC
Translation: I saw John and Mary on the same day.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Tin / tus / *ton } iða [ti Maria ke to Jani] tin iðja mera .
Glosses: 3SG.F.ACC 3.ACC 3.ACC see.PST.1SG the.ACC Mary.ACC and the.ACC John.ACC the.ACC same.ACC day.ACC
Translation: I saw Mary and John on the same day.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ðen { tin / *ton / *tus } ekane kanis [avrio ti Maria na erθi] ke [tin epomeni evðomaða to Jani na fiji].
Glosses: NEG 3SG.ACC.F 3SG.ACC.M 3PL.ACC.M make.PST.3SG nobody.NOM tomorrow the.ACC Mary.ACC COMP come.PFV.3SG and the next week the.ACC John.ACC COMP leave.PFV.3SG
Translation: No-one made Mary come tomorrow and John leave next week.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tin iðe o eaftos tis ti Maria ston kaθrefti .
Glosses: 3SG.ACC.F see.PST.3SG the.NOM self.NOM 3SG.F.POSS the.ACC Mary.ACC in.the mirror
Translation: Herself saw Mary in the mirror.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ton eðikse i Maria tu Yiani ton eafto tu (ston kaθrefti).
Glosses: 3SG.M.ACC show.PST.3SG the.NOM Mary.NOM the.GEN John.GEN the.ACC self.ACC 3SG.M.POSS in.the mirror
Translation: Mary showed John himself in the mirror.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tin eðikse i Maria [tu Jani] [ti fotografia tu Jani].
Glosses: 3SG.F.ACC show.PST.3SG the.NOM Mary.NOM the.GEN John.GEN the.ACC picture.F.ACC the.GEN John.GEN
Translation: Mary showed John the picture of John.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tis eðikse [o Janis] [tis manas tu Jani] to vivlio .
Glosses: 3SG.F.GEN show.PST.3SG the.NOM John.NOM the.GEN mother.GEN the.GEN John.GEN the.ACC book.ACC
Translation: John showed John’s mother the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (Ton) eðikse i Maria [tis manas tu Jorɣaki] [ton Jorɣaki].
Glosses: 3SG.M.ACC show.PST.3SG the.NOM Mary.NOM the.GEN mother.GEN the.GEN little.George.GEN the.ACC little.George.ACC
Translation: Mary showed little George to little George’s mother.’ (context e.g. in a neonatal unit)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (Ton) koroiðepse [i mitera tu Petru] [ton Petro].
Glosses: 3SG.M.ACC mock.PST.3SG the.NOM mother.NOM the.GEN Peter.GEN the.ACC Peter.ACC
Translation: Peter’s mother made fun of Peter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(To) eðiksa [tis miteras tu] [to kaθe peði] (ston kaθrefti).
Glosses: 3SG.N.ACC show.PST.1SG the.GEN mother.GEN 3SG.N.GEN the.ACC every child.N.ACC in.the mirror
Translation: I showed every childto his mother in the mirror.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?*Pjon misun ta peðja tu ?
Glosses: who.ACC hate.3PL the.NOM children.NOM 3SG.M.POSS
Translation: *Who do his children hate?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pjon ton misun ta peðja tu ?
Glosses: who.ACC 3SG.M.ACC hate.3PL the.NOM children.NOM 3SG.M.POSS
Translation: *Who do his children hate?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?[Pjon ðiasimo iθopio] misun ta peðja tu ?
Glosses: who.ACC famous.ACC actor.ACC hate.3PL the.NOM children.NOM 3SG.M.POSS
Translation: [Which famous actor] do his children hate?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Pjon ðiasimo iθopio] misun ta iðja tu ta PEðJA ?
Glosses: who.ACC famous.ACC actor.ACC hate.3PL the same 3SG.M.POSS the.NOM children.NOM
Translation: [Which famous actor] do his own children hate?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(Tis xaristike [tis Marias] to vivlio apo ton Petro .
Glosses: 3SG.F.GEN gift.PASS.PST.3SG the.GEN Mary.GEN the.NOM book.NOM from the Peter
Translation: The book was gifted to Mary by Peter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tha tu se stilune tu Jorɣu esena .
Glosses: FUT 3SG.M.GEN 2SG.ACC send.3PL the.GEN George.GEN you.ACC
Translation: They will send you to George.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tha su ton stilune esena ton Jorɣo .
Glosses: FUT 2SG.GEN 3SG.M.ACC send.3PL you.GEN the.ACC George.ACC
Translation: They will send George to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tis { se / sas / ton } sistisa (tis Marias) [esena ke ton Petro].
Glosses: 3SG.F.GEN 2 2 3 introduce.PST.1SG the.GEN Mary.GEN 2SG.ACC and the.ACC Peter.ACC
Translation: I introduced you and Peter to Mary.’ 3>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tis { ton / *sas / *se } sistisa (tis Marias) [ton Petro ke esena].
Glosses: 3SG.F.GEN 3 *2 2 introduce.PST.1SG the.GEN Mary.GEN the.ACC Peter.ACC and 2SG.ACC
Translation: I introduced Peter and you to Mary.’ 3>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Su { me / mas / tin } sistisan (esena) [emena ke Maria]. ti
Glosses: 2SG.GEN 1 1 3 introduce.PST.3PL 2SG.GEN 1sg.acc and the.ACC Mary.ACC
Translation: They introduced me and Mary to you.’ 2>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Su { tin / *mas / *me } sistisan (esena) [ti Maria ke emena].
Glosses: 2SG.GEN 3 1 1 introduce.PST.3PL 2SG.GEN the.ACC Mary.ACC and 1SG.ACC
Translation: They introduced Mary and me to you.’ 2>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tis { me / mas / se } sistisan (tis Marias) [emena ke esena].
Glosses: 3SG.F.GEN 1 1 2 introduce.PST.3PL the.GEN Mary.GEN 1SG.ACC and 2SG.ACC
Translation: They introduced me and you to Mary.’ 3>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tis { se / mas / me } sistisan (tis Marias) [esena ke emena].
Glosses: 3SG.F.GEN 2 1 1 introduce.PST.3PL the.GEN Mary.GEN 2SG.ACC and 1SG.ACC
Translation: They introduced you and me to Mary.’ 3>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Su { ton / tus } sistisa [ton Petro ke ti Maria].
Glosses: 2SG.GEN 3 3 introduce.PST.1SG the.ACC Peter.ACC and the.ACC Mary.ACC
Translation: I introduced Peter and Mary to you.’ 2>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Ton / sas } sistisa (tis Marias) [ton Petro ke esena].
Glosses: 3 2 introduce.PST.1SG the.GEN Mary.GEN the.ACC Peter.ACC and 2SG.ACC
Translation: I introduced Peter and you (to Mary).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Su / sas / *tu } ti sistisa [esena ke tu Petru] ti Maria .
Glosses: 2 2 3 3SG.F.ACC introduce.PST.1SG 2SG.GEN and the.GEN Peter.GEN the.ACC Mary.ACC
Translation: I introduced Mary to you and Peter.’ [2+3] > 3
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: an o Petros to içe iði ðjavasi [to vivlio]
Glosses: if the.NOM Peter.NOM 3SG.N.ACC had already read.3SG the.ACC book.N.ACC
Translation: if Peter had already read the book …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tha tu se stilune tu Yiorɣu esena .
Glosses: FUT 3SG.M.GEN 2SG.ACC send.3PL the.GEN George.GEN 2SG.ACC
Translation: They will send you to George.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tha tu stilune esena .
Glosses: FUT 3SG.M.GEN send.3PL 2SG.ACC
Translation: They will send you to him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Estiles (esi) to ɣrama .
Glosses: send.PST.2 2SG.NOM the.ACC letter.ACC
Translation: You sent the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ðen eprepe na (su) po esena tu vlaka afto to mistiko .
Glosses: NEG should.PST.3SG COMP 2SG.GEN say.1SG 2SG.GEN the.GEN idiot.GEN this.ACC the.ACC secret.ACC
Translation: I shouldn’t have told this secret to you the idiot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eðiksa eɣo tis Marias protos to vivlio .
Glosses: show.PST.1SG 1SG.NOM the.GEN Mary.GEN first.M.NOM the.ACC book.ACC
Translation: I was the first to show Mary the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: { Se / sas / *ton } sistisa tis Marias [esena ke ton Petro].
Glosses: 2 2 3 introduce.PST.1SG the.GEN Mary.GEN 2SG.ACC and the.ACC Peter.ACC
Translation: I introduced you and Peter to Mary.’ 3>
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Esena ke ti Maria] { *se / *tin / sas } iða .
Glosses: 2SG.ACC and the.ACC Mary.ACC 2SG.ACC 3SG.F.ACC 2PL.ACC  see.PST.1SG
Translation: You and Mary, I saw.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ti Maria ke esena] { *se / *tin / sas } iða .
Glosses: the.ACC Mary.ACC and 2SG.ACC 2SG.ACC 3SG.F.ACC 2PL.ACC  see.PST.1SG
Translation: Mary and you, I saw.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [To vivlio tu ju tis ja ton Minimalismo], kamia miteral dhen tu to echi epistrepsi .
Glosses: the book.ACC the son.GEN her.GEN for the Minimalism.ACC no mother.NOM not 3SG.M.DAT 3SG.N.ACC have.3SG returned.3SG
Translation: The book of [her son] about Minimalism, no mother has returned to him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wä’-añ [ ux*(-kojty) ts’i’ ]
Glosses: here-EXT three-CLF dog
Translation: There are three dogs here.’ Ch’ol
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mí [ mǎa sǎam *(tǒ) ] tinaj
Glosses: have dog three *CLF here
Translation: There are three dogs here.’ Shan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wä’-añ [ ux*(-p’ej) we’tye’ ].
Glosses: here-EXT three-CLF table
Translation: There are three tables here.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi yajli [ jo’*(-k’ej) waj ].
Glosses: PFV fall five-CLF tortilla
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi k-ch’ili [ ocho(*-p’ej) ja’as ].
Glosses: PFV ERG.1-fry SP:eight-CLF banana
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi tyojp’i [ nuebe(*-p’ej) tyumuty ].
Glosses: PFV break.PSV SP:nine-CLF egg
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: juñ-ts’ijty tye’
Glosses: one-CLF tree
Translation: one long tree
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: juñ-jäjl tye’
Glosses: one-CLF tree
Translation: one stretched out tree
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: juñ-bujch tye’
Glosses: one-CLF tree
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: juñ-bujñ tye’
Glosses: one-CLF tree
Translation: one fat tree’ Ch’ol
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *kabäl-k’ej waj
Glosses: many-CLF tortilla
Translation: Intended: ‘many tortillas
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *pejtyel-p’ej we’tye’
Glosses: all-CLF table
Translation: Intended: ‘all the tables
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ixä-kojty ts’i’
Glosses: DEM-CLF dog
Translation: Intended: ‘that dog
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *säsäk-kojty wakax
Glosses: white-CLF cow
Translation: Intended: ‘a white cow’ Ch’ol
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: háw lɤk sɯ̂ [ ton-mâj sǎam ton ].
Glosses: 1 choose buy plant-tree three plant 
Translation: I bought three trees.’ Shan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: háw lɤk sɯ̂ [ mǎa sǎam *(tǒ) ].
Glosses: 1 choose buy dog three CLF
Translation: I bought three dogs.’ Shan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: háw lɤk sɯ̂ [ mǎa lǎaj tǒ ]?
Glosses: 1 choose buy dog how.many CLF 
Translation: How many dogs did I buy?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mí mɛ́w nǎm (*tǒ) nàa .
Glosses: have cat many/much CLF very
Translation: There are many cats.’ Shan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ ili ] [ cha’-kojty ] [ säsäk ] [ wakax ]
Glosses:  this  two-CLF  white  cow
Translation: these two white cows’ Ch’ol
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ mǎa ] [ khǎaw ] [ sɔ̌ŋ ] [ tǒ ] [ nâj ]
Glosses:  dog  white  two  CLF  this
Translation: these two white dogs’ Shan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi a-mäñä cha’-kojty säsäk wakax .
Glosses: PFV ERG.2-buy two-CLF white cow
Translation: You bought two white cows.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *i tyi k-mäñä ux-kojty i’ik’ ___ .
Glosses: and PFV ERG.1-buy two-CLF black 
Translation: Intended: ‘I bought three black ones.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: i tyi k-mäñä ux-kojty ___ .
Glosses: and PFV ERG.1-buy two-CLF 
Translation: I bought three (white cows).’ Ch’ol
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jíŋ lǎaw ŋɯ́n laj kǐn màak-moŋ líp sɔ̌ŋ hòj .
Glosses: Ying Lao Nguen ACH eat mango unripe two CLF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *lɛ tsáaj lǎaw khám sâm kǐn ___ súk sɔ̌ŋ hòj .
Glosses: and Jai Lao Kham CONTR eat  ripe two CLF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lɛ tsáaj lǎaw khám sâm kǐn ___ sǎam hòj .
Glosses: and Jai Lao Kham CONTR eat  three CLF
Translation: But Jai Lao Kham ate three (unripe mangoes).’ Shan
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cha’-kojty ta’ k-tsepe t ich .
Glosses: two-CLF PFV ERG.1-cut  chili
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *sɔ̌ŋ hòj háw sɔ́j màak-phît t .
Glosses: two CLF 1 cut fruit-chili
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi juli-yob cha’-tyikil wiñik-ob .
Glosses: PFV arrive-PL two-CLF man-PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: As’gom te’si-j-ig tmato’s-g tms …
Glosses: six CLF.AN-3-PL.AN tomato-PL.AN cut.IMP.AN 
Translation: Cut six tomatoes…’ MOD: Entry 5512
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: As’gom te’s’-g-l sigsuti’-l wape’g-l pgwatele’n .
Glosses: six CLF.IN-3-PL.IN ankle.sock-PL.IN white-PL.IN buy.IMP.IN
Translation: Buy six white ankle length socks.’ MOD: Entry 4930
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ux*(-kojty) ts’i’
Glosses: three dog
Translation: three dogs