lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karan-ne keyaa [ki miiraa kal aayegii je]
Glosses: Karan-ERG said that Mira tomorrow come.FUT ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan said that Mira will come tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *karan-ne soceyaa [ki miraa kal aayegii je]
Glosses: Karan-ERG thought that Mira tomorrow come.FUT ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan thought that Mira will come tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maiN tadd jaavaaNgii [jaddoN karan vii jaayegaa je]
Glosses: I then go.FUT when Karan also go.FUT ALLOC.PL
Translation: I will go when Karan does too.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *karan bajaar gayaa [kyoNkii o-nuu ikk kuRii-ne bulaayaa je]
Glosses: Karan market go.PRF because 3.SG-DOM a girl-ERG call.PRF ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan went to the market because a girl called him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa dauR-l-au .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa dauR-l-o .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-NH.SBJ;H.ALLOC
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa dauR-l-ain .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-NH.SBJ;HH.ALLOC
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham dekhl-i-au [ki Santeeaa bhag gel-au].
Glosses: I saw-1-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC COMP Santee escape went-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: I saw that Santee ran away.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Laikwaa [je uhan khaRaa h-au] hamar bhaai h-au .
Glosses: Boy REL.PRO there stand be-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC my brother be-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: The boy who is standing there is my brother.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Aphawaah [ki Santeeaa inaam jitl-au] sahii ha-l-au
Glosses: rumor COMP Santee prize won-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC true be-PRF-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: The rumor that Santee won the prize was true.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: John socha h-au ki ham tej h-i-au .
Glosses: John think be-NH.ALLOC that I smart be-1.SBJ-NH.ALLOC
Translation: John thinks that I (=speaker, =John) am smart.’ [spoken to a friend] (Alok & Baker 2018)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Naan dӡaangiri vaang-in-een-ŋgæ .
Glosses: I Jangri buy-PST-1SG.SBJ-ALLOC
Translation: I bought Jangri.’ (McFadden 2020)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maya [taan pooʈʈi-læ dӡejkka-ppoo-r-een-ŋgæ-nnŭ] Seetha-kiʈʈæ so-nn-aa .
Glosses: Maya.NOM ANAPH.NOM contest-LOC win-go-PRS-1SG-ALLOC-COMP Seetha-LOC say-PST-3.F.SG.SBJ
Translation: Maya told Seetha that she would win the contest.’ (Plural/polite form to embedded addressee) (adapted from Sundaresan (2018))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Non che me dá pena ningunha .
Glosses: no 2SG.FAM.DAT 1SG give sorrow any
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Xurso cre que este ministro che é un pouco ladrón .
Glosses: George believes that this minister 2SG.FAM.DAT is a little thief
Translation: George believes that that Minister is a little of bit of a thief.’ (Huidobro 2022: 142)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Todo o mundo o viu / *viu-no
Glosses: all the world it saw / saw-it
Translation: Everyone saw it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Xan Rodriguez *o viu / viu-no
Glosses: Xan Rodriguez it saw / saw-it
Translation: Xan Rodriguez saw it.’ (Adapted from Uriagereka (1995))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: El dixo que a viu / *viu-na onte .
Glosses: he said.3SG that her saw.3SG / saw.3SG-her yesterday
Translation: He said that he saw her yesterday.’6
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Creo que *viu-cha(<che+a) / cha viu .
Glosses: think.1SG that saw.3SG-2SG.FAM.DAT.3SG.F / 2SG.FAM.DAT.3SG.F saw.3SG
Translation: I think he/she/it saw her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Esquecin que vos está aquí .
Glosses: forgot.1SG.PST that 2PL.FAM.DAT COP here
Translation: I forgot that he is here.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A rapaza que che está aquí .
Glosses: the girl that 2SG.FAM.DAT COP here
Translation: The girl that is here.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Non sei quen cha(<che+a) viu .
Glosses: NEG know.1SG who 2SG.FAM.DAT.3SG.F see.3SG.PST
Translation: I don’t know who saw it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (*ba-)z-etorre-(%k)-en ekaitza .
Glosses: ba-EXPL-come-2SG.FAM.M-COMP storm.DEF
Translation: The storm that is coming.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez z-aki-a-t [(ba)-z-etorre-(%k)-en ala ez].
Glosses: NEG EXPL-know-2SG.FAM.M-1SG.ERG EPEN-EXPL-COME-2SG.FAM.M-COMP or NEG
Translation: I don’t know if he’s coming or not.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jon z-etorre-(%k)-en-ean ikusi-ko d-i-a-t .
Glosses: Jon EXPL-come-2SG.FAM.M-COMP-in see-FUT EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-1SG
Translation: When John comes, I will see him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hanako-wa ki-mas-u .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP come--PRS
Translation: Hanako will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Hanako-ga ki-mas-u kara], ie-ni ite-kudasai
Glosses: Hanako-NOM come-ALLOC-PRS because home-at be-please
Translation: Because Hanako will come, please be at home.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroo-wa [Hanako-ga ki-mas-u to] itta .
Glosses: Taro-TOP Hanako-NOM come-ALLOC-PRS COMP said
Translation: Taro said that Hanako will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watasi-wa [mizu-tama-moyoo-no ari-mas-u kami-ga] hosi-i to omoi-mas-u .
Glosses: I-TOP polka.dots exist-ALLOC-PRS paper-NOM want COMP think-MAS-PRS
Translation: I want the paper that has polka dots.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kare-mo [kare-no musuko-ga kabin-o kowasi-te simai-masi-ta koto]-o wabi-te ori-mas-u .
Glosses: he-also he-GEN son-NOM vase-ACC break-CV MAL-HON-PST COMP-ACC apologizing-CVB PROG.HON-HON-PRS
Translation: He is also apologizing for his son having broken the vase.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Isya-wa kanzya-san-ni [e kusuri-o nomi-mas-u yooni] motome-masi-ta .
Glosses: doctor-TOP patient-DAT  medicine-ACC take-MAS-PRS C ask-MAS-PST
Translation: The doctor asked the patient to take medicine.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Manex joan-en d-e-la] uste d-u-k
Glosses: Manex go-FUT EXPL-ROOT-COMP think EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M
Translation: You think that John will go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Manex joan-en d-u-a-la] uste d-u-k
Glosses: Manex go-FUT EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-COMP think EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M
Translation: You think that John will go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lan egiten d-ui-a hire lagunak ?
Glosses: work do-IMPERF EXPL-ROOT-Q your friend
Translation: Does your friend work?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Lan egiten d-i-n-a hire lagunak ?
Glosses: work do-IMPERF EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-Q your friend
Translation: Does your friend work?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Inho-ka choysen-ul ta ha-ess-ta .
Glosses: Inho-NOM best-ACC all do-PST-DECL.PLN
Translation: Inho did his best.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Inho-ka choysen-ul ta ha-ess-(nu)nya/ni ?
Glosses: Inho-NOM best-ACC all do-PST-INT.PLN
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Choysen-ul ta ha-la/ela !
Glosses: best-ACC all do-IMP.PLN
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Gomeiwaku-o o-kake si-masi-ta-koto]-wa zonzi-te i-mas-u .
Glosses: trouble-ACC HON-giving do-HON-PST-COMP-TOP know.HON-CVB PRF-HON-PRS
Translation: I know that I gave you trouble.’ (Yamada 2019: 366)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Isya-wa kanzya-sani-ni [ei kusuri-o nomi-mas-u yooni] motome-masi-ta .
Glosses: doctor-TOP patient-DAT e medicine-ACC take-MAS-PRS COMP ask-MAS-PST
Translation: The doctor asked the patient to take medicine.’ (Miyagawa 2022)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroo-wa [Hanako-ga kuru/*ki-mas-u to] sinzitei-ru .
Glosses: Taro-TOP [Hanako-NOM come/come-PRS COMP believe-PRS
Translation: Taro believes that Hanako will come.’ (Miyagawa 2012)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Baabaa dauR-la-thu(n).
Glosses: grandfather.H run-PRF-H.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: Grandfather ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Baabaa dauR-la-thi(n).
Glosses: grandfather.H run-PRF-H.SBJ;HH.ALLOC
Translation: Grandfather ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: o billii paaldaa sii je
Glosses: 3SG.NOM cat.F.SG raise.HAB.M.SG be.PST.3SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: He used to raise cats.’ (Kaur 2020)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karan-ne miraa-nuu kitaab dittii je/e kii
Glosses: Karan-ERG Mira-DAT book give.PFV.F.SG ALLOC.PL/be.PRS.3SG POLQ
Translation: Has Karan given the book to Mira?’ (Kaur 2020)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Einstein tivo que estudar-che moito .
Glosses: Einstein have.3SG.PST that study.INF-2SG.FAM.DAT much
Translation: Einstein had to study a lot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: %Maria quere chegar-che pronto .
Glosses: Maria wants arrive-2SG soon
Translation: Maria wants to arrive soon.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: niiŋgæ saap-ʈ-aačč-aa-ŋgæ ?
Glosses: you.PL eat-ASP-RES-Q-ALLOC
Translation: Have you eaten?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: niiŋgæ saap-ʈ-aaččŭ-ŋgæɭ-aa ?
Glosses: you.PL eat-ASP-RES-ALLOC-Q
Translation: Have you eaten?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: niiŋgæ saapʈ-aaččŭ-ŋgæɭ-aa-ŋgæ ?
Glosses: you.PL eat-RES-ALLOC-Q-ALLOC
Translation: Have you eaten?’ (McFadden 2020)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Merquei-cha
Glosses: bought.1SG-2SG.FAM.DAT.3SG.ACC.F
Translation: I bought it.’/’I bought you it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: che + a → cha
Glosses: 2SG.FAM.DAT  3SG.ACC.F  2SG.FAM.DAT;3SG.ACC.F
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hi-ri ema-n d-i-a/na-t
Glosses: 2SG.FAM-DAT give-PRF EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M.DAT/F-1SG.ERG
Translation: I have given it to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hi-k egi-n d-u-k/-n .
Glosses: 2SG.FAM-ERG do-PRF EXPL-ROOT-2SG.ERG.FAM.M/F
Translation: You have done it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ni-ri eman] nahi d-i-t .
Glosses: 1SG-DAT eman.INF want EXPL-ROOT-1SG.DAT
Translation: He/she/it wants to give it to me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Naan dʒaangiri vaang-in-een-ŋgæ .
Glosses: I Jangri buy-PST-1SG.SBJ-ALLOC
Translation: I bought Jangri.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: rombaa thanks-ŋgæ
Glosses: very thanks-ALLOC
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *rombaa thanks (to a polite addressee)
Glosses: very thanks
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa dauR-l-ai .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-3.NHS
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa kah-l-ai/(au) ki [Bantee-aa bhag ge-l-ai/(au)].
Glosses: Santee-NH say-PRF-NH.SBJ/NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC COMP Bantee-NH escape go-PRF-NH.SBJ/NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: Santee said that Bantee ran away.’ (said to a friend)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Creo(-vos) que (vos) está aquí .
Glosses: think.1SG(-2PL.FAM.DAT) that (2PL.FAM.DAT) COP here
Translation: I think that he/she/it is here.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Quén cree que vai chover ?
Glosses: who thinks that it.goes rain
Translation: Who thinks that it will rain?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Xoan cree-(che) que (?che) vai chover .
Glosses: Xoan thinks-2SG.FAM.DAT that 2SG.FAM.DAT it.goes rain
Translation: Xoan thinks that it will rain.’ (Haddican 2019)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Que cree Xoan ?
Glosses: what thinks Xoan
Translation: What does Xoan think?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Xoan cree-(?che) que (che) vai chover .
Glosses: Xoan thinks-2SG.FAM.DAT that 2SG.FAM.DAT it.goes rain
Translation: Xoan thinks that it will rain.’ (Haddican 2019)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: E-(??che) que (che) está aquí .
Glosses: it.is-2SG.FAM.DAT that 2SG.FAM.DAT he/she.is here . 
Translation: It’s that he’s here.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ore zyugyoo-nante de-taku nai-yo .
Glosses: I class-TOP attend-want NEG-SFP
Translation: I do not want to attend the class.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kagaku-no sensei-no hanasi tumannai-si .
Glosses: chemistry-NOM teacher-GEN speech boring-SFP
Translation: What the chemistry teacher teaches us is boring.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Geemu si-te r-u hoo-ga zutto masi .
Glosses: game do-CVB PROG-S way-NOM far better
Translation: Playing video games is far better.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ore ie-ni kaeri-mas-u .
Glosses: I home-to return-HON-PRS
Translation: I will go home.’ (adapted from Yamada (2019)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aman kitaab paRh reyaa e
Glosses: Aman.NOM book read PROG.M.SG BE.PRS.3SG
Translation: Aman is reading a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sono kusuri-o maisyoku-go nom-u-yooni .
Glosses: that medicine-ACC each-meal-after take-PRS-YOONI
Translation: Take that medicine after each meal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sono kusuri-o maisyoku-go nom-u-koto .
Glosses: that medicine-ACC each-meal-after take-PRS-KOTO
Translation: Take that medicine after each meal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Sono kusuri-o maisyoku-go nom-u-to .
Glosses: that medicine-ACC each-meal-after take-PRS-TO
Translation: Take that medicine after each meal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: J-oa-n !
Glosses: EPEN-go.INF
Translation: Go!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: H-oa !
Glosses: 2SG.FAM-go
Translation: Go!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ziya:d biʔaddi:-li/lak kil waʔt-o ne:yim
Glosses: Ziad spend-1SG.DAT/2SG.DAT all time-his sleeping
Translation: Ziad spends all his time sleeping.’ (Haddad 2014)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hasiri-mas-en desi-ta .
Glosses: run-hona-NEG hona-PST
Translation: (I) did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hĕn tùk toŋnía hà
Glosses: see building right.here HON
Translation: (I) saw the building right here.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tùk yày mày yùu lǝǝy
Glosses: building big new exist EMP
Translation: the big building was still new.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: man tùk yày ŋay khá mŭan bὲp
Glosses: it building big PP HON same like
Translation: It’s big, you know. It was like … ‘ [formal marking] (adapted from (Iwasaki & Ingkaphirom Horie 2000: 538))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Irun-darra na-iz .
Glosses: Irun-er 1SG-BE
Translation: I’m from Irun.’ (No allocutive clitic present)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Irun-darra na-u-k .
Glosses: Irun-er 1SG-HAVE-2.SG.FAM.MSC
Translation: I’m from Irun.’ (Allocutive clitic present)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tu Ram-ke dekhl-eN .
Glosses: you.NH Ram-ACC see:PFV-2.NH.S
Translation: You (e.g., my friend/younger sibling) saw Ram.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Apne Ram-ke dekhla-thi(n).
Glosses: you.HH Ram-ACC see:PFV-2.HH.S
Translation: You (e.g., a teacher) saw Ram.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ram okraa dekhl-ai .
Glosses: Ram 3SG.NH.ACC see:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: Ram saw him (a chum).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ram unkaa dekhl-ai .
Glosses: Ram 3SG.H/HH.ACC see:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: Ram saw him (an elder, teacher).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tu Ram-ke dekhl-a .
Glosses: you.H Ram-ACC see:PFV-2.H.S
Translation: You (my elder) saw Ram.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa toraa dekhl-ai/*a .
Glosses: Santee-FM you.H.ACC see:PFV-3.NH.S/*2.H.S
Translation: Santee saw you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa-ke tu pasand h-a/*ai .
Glosses: Santee-FM-DAT you.H.NOM like be:PRS-2.H.S/*3.NH.S
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham jaa-it h-i .
Glosses: I go-PROG be:PRS-1.S
Translation: I am going.’ (said to anyone)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham jaa-it h-i-au .
Glosses: I go-PROG be:PRS-1.S-NH.AD
Translation: I am going.’ (said to a friend)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham jaa-it h-i-o .
Glosses: I go-PROG be:PRS-1.S-H.AD
Translation: I am going.’ (said to an older family member)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham jaa-it h-i-ain .
Glosses: I go-PROG be:PRS-1.S-HH.AD
Translation: I am going.’ (said to a teacher)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ram/u baabaa-ke dekhl-ai .
Glosses: Ram/3SG grandfather-ACC see:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: Ram/he saw Grandfather.’ (NH subject)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Baabaa/u Ram-ke dekhl-thi(n).
Glosses: grandfather/3SG Ram-ACC see:PFV-3.H.S
Translation: Grandfather/he saw Ram.’ (H subject)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: MaasTar-saaheb/u Ram-ke dekhl-thi(n).
Glosses: teacher-HH/3SG Ram-ACC see:PFV-3.HH.S
Translation: The teacher/he saw Ram.’ (HH subject)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Ram apne-ke tor kitaab lauTal-ai .
Glosses: Ram you.HH.DAT you.NH.GEN book return:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: (‘Ram returned your book to you.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Apne okar kitaab unkaa del-thin .
Glosses: you.HH 3SG.NH.GEN book 3SG.H.DAT give:PFV-2.HH.S
Translation: You (my teacher) gave his (my brother’s) book to him (my father).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . Hon: HH λx: x’s social rank is much higher than 1’s . x
Glosses: b . HonP: ιx: x’s social rank is much higher than 1’s . teacher(x)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sp₁ [[Apne Hon:HH{1}] [[okar Hon:NH{1}] kitab] [unkaa Hon:H{1}] del-thin]
Glosses:  you.HH 3SG.NH.GEN book 3SG.H give:PFV-3.HH.S
Translation: You (my teacher) gave his (my brother) to him (my father).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahl-ai ki ….
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV-3.NH.S that
Translation: Santee told Bantee that …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: MaasTar-saaheb Ram-ke dekhl-thi(n).
Glosses: teacher-HH Ram-ACC see:PFV-3.HH.S
Translation: The teacher saw Ram.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochah-ai ki Ram okraa/unkaa bajaar-me dekhl-ai .
Glosses: Santee-FM think-3.NH.S that Ram 3SG.NH.ACC/3SG.H.ACC market-in see:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: Santee thinks that Ram saw him in the market.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa soch h-ai ki (ham) tej h-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM think be-3.NH.S that (I) smart be-1.S
Translation: Santee thinks that I am smart.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahl-ai ki (ham) tej h-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV-3.NH.S that (I) smart be-1.S
Translation: Santee told Bantee that I am smart.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee socha hai ki ham okraa/unkaa bajaar-me dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee think be-3.NH.S that I 3SG.NH.ACC/3SG.H.ACC market-in see:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thinks that I/he saw him in the market.’ (If I=Santee, him=unkaa; if I=Sp*, him=okraa.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahl-ai ki ham unkaa-se/okraa-se mill-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV-3.NH.S that I 3SG.H-INS/3SG.NH-INS meet:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee told Bantee that I/he met with him.’ (If I=Santee, him=unkaa-se; if I=Sp*, him=okraa-se.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Deepak sochk-au ki u hamar baat maan le-thin .
Glosses: Deepak think.3.NH.S-NH.AD that 3SG my.GEN word accept take-3.HH.S
Translation: Deepak thinks that she(HH) will approve my (=Deepak’s) proposal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Deepak sochk-au ki u hamar baat maan let-ai .
Glosses: Deepak think.3.NH.S-NH.AD that 3SG my.GEN word accept take-3.NH.S
Translation: Deepak thinks that she(NH) will approve my (=Sp*’s) proposal.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Kab , Ram sochl-ai ki ham – marba-i ?
Glosses: when Ram think:PFV-3.NH.S that I die:FUT-1.S
Translation: When does Ram think that I (=Ram or =Sp*) will die?’ (‘when’=time of dying)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kab , Chhotu-aa sochk-ai ki u hamar baat maan ta-thi ?
Glosses: when Chotu-FM think-3.NH.S that 3SG my.GEN word accept take-3.HH.S
Translation: When does Chotu think that he(HH) will accept my (=Chhotu’s) proposal?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-se kahl-ai ki hamar mammii hamraa madad karl-ai .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM.INS tell:PFV-3.NH.S that my.GEN mother me.ACC help do:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: Santee told Bantee that my mother helped me.’ (only ‘my’=‘me’=Santee, or ‘my’=‘me’=Sp*)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Santee-aa kahl-ai ki ham hamar hukkum na manb-ai .
Glosses: Santee-FM say:PFV-3.NH.S that I me.GEN order NEG accept:FUT-3.NH.S
Translation: (‘Santee said that I will not obey me.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa kaha h-ai ki ham jaldiye mil-e aibo .
Glosses: Santee-FM say be-3.NH.S that I soon meet-INF come.FUT.1.S
Translation: Santee said that I (=Santee) will come soon.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa-ke likhkal chiThii-aa kaha h-ai ki ham jaldiye mil-e aibo .
Glosses: Santee-FM.GEN written letter-FM say be-3.NH.S that I soon meet-INF come.FUT.1.S
Translation: Santee’s letter said that I (not =Santee) will come soon.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ChiThii-aa je Santee-aa likhk-ai kaha h-ai ki ham jaldiye mile aibo .
Glosses: letter-FM REL Santee-FM write:PFV-3.NH.S say be-3.NH.S that I soon meet-INF come.FUT.1.S
Translation: The letter that Santee wrote said that I (not=Santee) will come soon.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ram-aa John-waa-se puchhl-ai ki kaa tu aim-eN .
Glosses: Ram-FM John-FM.INS ask:PFV-3.NH.S that what you.NH come-2.NH.S
Translation: Ram asked John whether you (=John or =Ad*) will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Banteeaa-ke kahl-ai ki ham toraa dekhl-i-au hal .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV-3.NH.S that I you.NH.ACC see:PFV-1.S-NH.AD be
Translation: Santee told Bantee that I (=Santee or =Sp*) saw you (=Bantee or =Ad*).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahl-ain ki ham apne-ke dekhl-i hal .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV.3.NH.S-HH.AD that I you.HH-ACC see:PFV-1.S be:PFV
Translation: Santee told Bantee that I saw you.’ (OK ‘I’=Sp*, bad with ‘I’=Santee)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahl-ain ki ham toraa dekhl-i hal .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV.3.NH.S-HH.AD that I you.NH.ACC see:PFV-1.S be:PFV
Translation: Santee told Bantee that I saw you.’ (OK ‘I’=Santee, bad with ‘I’=Sp*)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham jaa-it h-i-ain . (=(7d)).
Glosses: I go-PROG be-1.S-HH.AD 
Translation: I am going.’ (said to a teacher)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahk-ain ki Ram-ke Sita-se baat kar-ke chah-.
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV.3.NH.S-HH.AD that Ram-DAT Sita-INS talk do-INF should.3.NH.S-NH.AD
Translation: Santee told Bantee that Ram should talk to Sita.’ (said to a teacher)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa Bantee-aa-ke kahk-ain ki Ram-ke Sita-se baat kar-ke chah-ain .
Glosses: Santee-FM Bantee-FM-DAT tell:PFV.3.NH.S-HH.AD that Ram-DAT Sita-INS talk do-INF should.3.NH.S-HH.AD
Translation: Santee told Bantee that Ram should talk to Sita.’ (said to a teacher)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa socha h-ai ki tu/#apne tej h-eN/#thin .
Glosses: Santee-FM think be-3.NH.S that you.NH/#you.HH smart be-2.NH.S/#2.HH.S
Translation: Santee thinks that you are smart.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochl-ai ki ham Ram-ke dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee.FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that I Ram-ACC see:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I (=Sp* or =Santee) saw Ram.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa soch-l-ai ki ham toraa dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee.FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that I you.NH.ACC see:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I (=Sp*, not=Santee) saw you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochl-ai ki (pro) toraa dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee.FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that I you.NH.ACC see:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I (=Santee or =Sp*) saw you (=Ad*).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochl-ai ki (pro) okraa/unkaa dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that (I) 3SG.NH.ACC/3SG.H.ACC see:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I (=Santee) saw him.’ (also I=Sp* in a supportive context)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochl-ai ki (pro) unkaa/okra unkar/okar phonmaa del-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that (I) 3SG.H.DAT/3SG.NH.DAT 3SG.H.GEN/3SG.NH.GEN phone give:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I (=Santee) gave him his phone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochl-ai ki (pro) toraa/#apne-ke dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that (I) you.NH.ACC/#you.HH.ACC see:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I (=Santee) saw you (=Ad*, a teacher).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santee-aa sochl-ai ki (pro) okraa/#unkaa toraa/#apne-ke phonmaa del-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM think:PFV-3.NH.S that (I) 3SG.NH.ACC/#3SG.H.ACC you.NH.GEN/#you.HH.GEN phone give:PFV-1.S
Translation: Santee thought that I gave him your phone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: MaasTar-saaheb hamra aaj piTal-ai .
Glosses: teacher-HH me.ACC today beat:PFV-3.NH.S
Translation: The teacher beat me today.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Veneeta-maim pepar likh lel-thi kaa ?
Glosses: Veneeta-HH paper write take:PFV-3.HH.S Q
Translation: Did Veneeta-ma’am finish writing the paper?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Santee-aa socha h-ai ki (pro) hamraa bajaar-me dekhl-i .
Glosses: Santee-FM think be.PRS-3.NH.S that I me.ACC market-in see:PFV-1.S
Translation: (‘Santee thinks that I saw me in the market.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ nèi-cháng huǒ] [ xìngkuī xiāofáng-duì lái de kuài]
Glosses:  that-CL fire  fortunate fire-brigade come PRT quick
Translation: That fire, fortunately the fire-brigade came quickly.’ (Bao 2015: 12a)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ nèi xiē shùmù] [ shùshēn dà]
Glosses:  that some tree  tree-trunk big
Translation: Those trees, the trunks are big.’ (ibid.; 12b)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [pro xīyān] yǒu hài
Glosses: [pro smoke] have harm
Translation: Smoking/To smoke is harmful.’ (Bao 2015: 18a)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [zuótiān]₁ [Lǐ xiānshēng]₂ [wǒ e₁ kànjiàn le e₂]
Glosses: yesterday Li Mr . I  see ASP 
Translation: Yesterday, Mr Li, I saw.’ (Mandarin; Bao 2015: 13a, from Xu & Langendoen 1985)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa kaigi-ni ki-ta .
Glosses: Maria-TOP meeting-LOC come-PAST
Translation: Maria came to the meeting.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa kaigi-ni ki-mashi-ta .
Glosses: Maria-TOP meeting-LOC come-UH-PAST
Translation: Maria came to the meeting.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa asa hayaku okiru / oki-masu .
Glosses: Maria-TOP morning early rise.PRES / rise-UH.PRES
Translation: Maria gets up early in the morning.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa supein-jin-da / supein-jin-desu .
Glosses: Maria-TOP Spain-person-be.plain / Spain-person-be.UH
Translation: Maria is a Spaniard.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa yasahii-Ø / yasahii-desu .
Glosses: Marai-TOP kind-Ø / kind-be.UH
Translation: Maria is kind.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa₁ [pro₁ mai-asa hayaku oki-masu]-to it-ta
Glosses: Maria-TOP pro every-morning early rise-.PRES-COMP say-PAST
Translation: Maria said, “I get up early every morning.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anna-wa [Maria-wa supein-jin-desu]-to it-ta .
Glosses: Anna-TOP Maria-TOP Spain-person-be.UH-COMP say-PAST
Translation: Anna said, “Maria is a Spaniard.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anna-wa [Maria-wa yasahii-desu]-to it-ta .
Glosses: Anna-TOP Maria-TOP kind-be.UH-COMP say-PAST
Translation: Anna said, “Maria is kind.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria-wa [ashita iku-no , daigaku-ni]-to kii-ta .
Glosses: Maria-TOP [tomorrow go-Q, university-LOC]-COMP ask-PAST
Translation: Maria asked, ‘will (you) go (there), to the University?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hayaku go-kaifuku-nasai-masu koto-o o-inori-shite-ori-masu .
Glosses: Quickly HON-recover-do.HON-UH fact-ACC HON-pray-do-be.humble-UH
Translation: I pray for your speedy recovery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Go-touchaku-nasai-masu mae-ni o-denwa-o itada-ke-masu-deshou-ka ?
Glosses: HON-arrival-do.HON-UH before-DAT HON-phone-ACC receive-can-UH-MODAL-Q
Translation: Would you give us a call before you arrive?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Senjitsu okutte-itadaki-mashita meron , totemo oishiku itadaki-mashita .
Glosses: the.other.day sent-receive-UH.PAST melon very.much delicious consume-UH
Translation: We truly enjoyed the melons that you sent us the other day.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gorenraku-ga okure-mashi-te , moushiwake-gozai-masen-deshita
Glosses: report-NOM delay-UH-GERUND, excuse-exist–UH.NEG-UH.PAST
Translation: I sincerely apologize for the delayed communication. ‘
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Go-kaifuku-nasai-mashi-tara zehi mata o-koshi-kudasai
Glosses: HON-recover-do.HON-UH-COND definitely again HON-come-please
Translation: Please do come back when you have made a recovery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kore-wa mizu-o kuwae-masu-to bouchou-itashi-masu .
Glosses: this-TOP water-ACC add-UH-and.then expand-do-UH
Translation: If you add water to this, it will swell up.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watashi-ga yatte-oki-masu-kara / -node , mou kaette-mo ii-desu-yo .
Glosses: I-NOM do-complete-UH-because / -because already return-even good-UH-DPART
Translation: You may go home because I can finish it (for you).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ame-ga futte-ki-mashi-ta-ga / -kedo , konomama tsuzuke-mashou
Glosses: rain-NOM fall-come-UH-PAST-but / -but as.is continue-UH.Exhort
Translation: Although it started raining, shall we keep going?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hon-o yomi-(*mashi)-nagara , omachi-shite-ori-masu .
Glosses: book-ACC read-(UH)-while wait-do-be-UH
Translation: (I) will be waiting (for you) while reading a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sono jikan-wa ofisu-de koohii-o nomi-(*mashi-){nagara/tsutsu}, shigoto-o shite-ori-mashi-ta .
Glosses: that time-TOP office-at coffee-ACC drink-(UH)-while, work-ACC do-be-UH-PAST . 
Translation: Regading that time, I was working in my office drinking a cup of coffee.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tsuma-ga amerikajin-deshi-te , ie-de-mo eigo-o tsukatte-ori-masu .
Glosses: wife-NOM American-be.UH-GERUND, home-LOC-also English-ACC use-be-UH
Translation: My wife being American, we use English at home.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raishuu-wa suiyoubi-deshi-tara aite-ori-masu-ga…
Glosses: Next.week-TOP Wednesday-be.UH-PAST-COND open-be-UH-but…
Translation: About next week, if it’s Wednesday, I will be free.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kokuseki-ga amerika-desu-to , biza-ga iri-masu-ne .
Glosses: citizenship-NOM America-be.UH-COND, visa-NOM necessary-UH-DPART
Translation: If you are an American citizen, you need a visa.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raishuu-no suiyoubi-wa hima-desu-kara , zehi kite-kudasai
Glosses: Next.week-GEN Wednesday-TOP leisure-be.UH-because definitely come-please . 
Translation: Because I will be free on Wednesday next week, please come (to see me).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Toukyou-wa daitokai-desu-ga/kedo , sonowarini anzen-desu .
Glosses: Tokyo-TOP big.city-be.UH-but/but, rather.unexpectedly safe-be.UH
Translation: Tokyo is a big city, but it is safe (rather surprisingly).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Shinseihin-ga daiseikou-desu-koto-o o-inori-shite-ori-masu .
Glosses: new.product-TOP big.success-be.UH-fact-ACC HON-pray-do-be.humble-UH . 
Translation: I sincerely hope that your new product will be a big success.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Kuruma-ga ojama-desu-baai-wa sugu o-moushituke-kudasai .
Glosses: car-NOM nuisance-be.UH-case-TOP immediately HON-inform.HON-please . 
Translation: When the car is in your way, please tell us immediately.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Tanaka-san-o gozonji-desu-kata-ni go-shoukai-itada-ke-mase-n-ka ?
Glosses: Tanaka-HON-ACC acquainted-be.UH-person.HON-DAT HON-introduction-receive.humble-can-UH–NEG-Q ? 
Translation: Could you introduce (me/us) to someone who knows Mrs. Tanaka?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Kyou-wa isogashii-deshi-te , sochira-ni-wa oukagai-deki-mas-en .
Glosses: Today-TOP busy-be.UH-GERUND, there-LOC-TOP visit-can-UH–NEG
Translation: It is such a busy day today, regrettably, so I cannot go over there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Raishuu o-isogashii-deshi-tara o-tetsudai-ni ukagai-masu .
Glosses: Next.week HON-busy-be.UH-COND HON-assist-DAT go.humble-UH
Translation: If you are busy next week, I will come to help you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nedan-ga takai-desu-to , koushou-shi-naosu-koto-ni nari-masu .
Glosses: Price high-be.UH-COND negotiation-do-repear-fact-DAT become-UH
Translation: If the price is high, we will have to re-negotiate.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raishuu-wa isogashii-desu-kara , saraishuu-ni shite-kudasai
Glosses: Next.week-TOP busy-be.UH-because the.week.after.next-DAT make-please
Translation: Because I will be busy next week, please make it to the following week.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raishuu-wa isogashii-desu-ga/kedo , kanarazu ai-ni iki-masu .
Glosses: Next.week-TOP busy-be.UH-but/but, certainly see-DAT go-UH
Translation: Although I will be busy next week, I will definitely come see you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tasuke-mairas-en-to zonji-sourae-sourou-domo…
Glosses: save.life-benefactive-propose-COMP think-humble-humble-but
Translation: Although I think I shall save your life, ….’ from Heike-monogatari, Vol. 9, the death of Atsumori, 14th Century
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mayu-wa sake-o nomi-mase-n-Ø .
Glosses: Mayu-TOP alcohol-ACC drink-UH–NEG-PRES
Translation: Mayu does not drink alcoholic beverages.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mayu-wa Ken-ni yasai-o tabe-sase-mashi-ta .
Glosses: Mayu-TOP Ken-DAT vegetables-ACC eat-CAUSE-UH-PAST
Translation: Mayu made Ken eat the greens.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ken-ga Mayu-ni home-rare-mashi-ta .
Glosses: Ken-NOM Mayu-DAT praise-PASS-UH-PAST
Translation: Ken was praised by Mayu.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sapporo-wa ame-da / dat-ta .
Glosses: Sapporo-TOP rain-be.plain.-PRES / be.plain-PAST
Translation: It is / was raining in Sapporo.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sapporo-wa ame-des-u / deshi-ta .
Glosses: Sapporo-TOP rain-be.UH-PRES / be.UH-PAST
Translation: It is / was raining in Sapporo.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sapporo-wa samui / samuk-atta / *samui-da / *samui-datta
Glosses: Sapporo-TOP cold.PRES / cold-PAST / cold-be-PRES / cold-be.UH-PAST
Translation: It is / was cold in Sapporo.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sapporo-wa samui-desu / samuk-atta desu / *samui-deshi-ta
Glosses: Sapporo-TOP cold.-PRES-be.UH / cold-PAST be.plain.UH / cold-be.UH-PAST
Translation: It is / was cold in Sapporo.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: watakushi-wa [[sensei-ga o-kaeri-ni-nari-mashi-ta koto]-ni musuko-ga kizuka-zu-ni i-ta koto]-o zan’nen-ni omotte-ori-mas-u .
Glosses: I-TOP [[teacher-NOM HON-return-DAT-become-UH-PAST fact]-DAT my.son-NOM notice–NEG-DAT exist-PAST fact]-ACC regretful-DAT think-PROG-UH-PRES
Translation: I regret (polite) that my son didn’t realize (plain) that the professor left (polite).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chiisai kuni ?da / desu ga , hitobito-wa yutakana kurashi-o shite-i-masu .
Glosses: small country be / be.UH though people-TOP rich life-ACC do-PROG-UH.-PRES
Translation: Though (this) is a small country, people there live in comfort.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chotto ?dekakeru / dekake-masu kedo , nanika go-iriyou-no mono-ga ari-masu-ka ?
Glosses: a.little go.out / go.out-UH although, something Honor-necessary-GEN thing-NOM exist-UH-Q
Translation: I am about to go out now; is there anything I can get for you?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chotto #dekakete-kuru / dekake-ki-masu . Nanika go-iriyou-no mono-ga ari-masu-ka ?
Glosses: a.little go.out-come / go.out-come-UH . something Honor-necessary-GEN thing-NOM exist-UH-Q
Translation: I am about to go out now. Is there anything I can get for you?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sensei-mo o-kaeri-ni nat-ta / nari-mashi-ta kara , sorosoro heikai-to itashi-masho-u .
Glosses: Teacher-also HON-go.home-DAT become-PAST / become-UH-PAST because, about.time adjournment-as do-UH-Propose
Translation: Now that the professor has gone home, shall we adjourn?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ie ie , mou juubun ?itadai-ta / itadaki-mashi-ta kara .
Glosses: No no, already enough eathumble-PAST / eat-UH-PAST because
Translation: No (I respectfully decline your offer) because I have had enough.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ee , senjitsu sensei-no otaku-ni o-ukagai shi-ta / shi-mashi-ta toki-ni .
Glosses: Yes, the.other.day teacher-GEN house-LOC HON-visit do-PAST / do-UH-PAST time-at
Translation: Yes, when I went to your house the other day.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyou-wa o-isogashii-naka wazawaza irashite itadai-te / itadaki-mashi-te …
Glosses: Today-TOP HON-busy-in.the.middle taking.trouble come receive-GERUND / receive-UH-GERUND
Translation: (I thank you) for taking trouble to come (to see me) when you are so busy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cikap-ul kkamppakhay-ss-(*sup)-unikka amwukesto sa-ci mos-hay-ss-supnita/eyo .
Glosses: wallet-ACC forget-PAST-(*UH)-because anything buy-COMP cannot-be-PAST-UH
Translation: Because I forgot my wallet, I could not buy anything.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cikap-ul kkamppakhay-ss-(*sup)-ese amwukesto sa-ci mos-hay-ss-supnita/eyo .
Glosses: wallet-ACC forget-PAST-(*UH)-because anything buy-COMP cannot-be-PAST-UH
Translation: Because I forgot my wallet, I could not buy anything.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cikap-ul kkamppakhay-ss-(*sup)-ciman hayntuphon-ulo sa-ss-supnita/eyo .
Glosses: wallet-ACC forget-PAST-(*UH)-but phone-Instrumental buy-PAST-UH
Translation: I forgot my wallet, but I bought things using my phone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kore , oishii-desu -yo / -ne / -naa
Glosses: This tasty-be.UH DPART / DPART / DPART
Translation: This is tasty, (I tell you) / (isn’t it?) / (I’m impressed).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Raishuu-wa isogashii-desu-yo-kara , saraishuu-ni shite-kudasai
Glosses: Next.week-TOP busy-be.UH-DPART-because the.week.after.next-DAT make-please
Translation: Because I will be busy next week, please make it to the following week.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Raishuu-wa isogashii-desu-yo-ga/kedo , kanarazu ai-ni iki-masu .
Glosses: Next.week-TOP busy-be.UH-DPART-but/but, certainly see-DAT go-UH
Translation: Although I will be busy next week, I will definitely come see you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Kaigi-no junbi-ga fujuubun-deshi-ta] koto-o fukaku owabi-moushiage-masu .
Glosses: Meeting-GEN preparation-NOM inadequate-be.UH-PAST fact-ACC deeply apology-say-UH
Translation: We sincerely apologize for the fact that our preparation for the meeting was inadequate.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Sono atsumari-ni-wa , [Tanaka-sensei-o gozonji-deshi-ta] kata-ga takusan irasshai-mashi-ta .
Glosses: that gathering-at-TOP [Tanaka-teacher-ACC know-UH-PAST] person-NOM many be.present-UH-PAST
Translation: At the gathering, there were many people who knew Professor Tanaka.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Senjitsu sensei-ga gobyouki-deshi-ta] sai-ni omimai-ni ukagai-mashi-ta .
Glosses: the.other.day teacher-NOM sick-be.UH-PAST occasion-at visit-DAT go-UH-PAST
Translation: When the professor fell sick the other day, I visited her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kono ryokan-wa teien-ga yuumei-da / *-na
Glosses: this inn-TOP garden-NOM famous-be / -be
Translation: Lit. Speaking of this inn, its garden is famous.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [teien-ga yuumei-na] ryokan-ni iki-tai
Glosses: teien-NOM famous-be inn-LOC go-want
Translation: (I) want to go to an inn which is famous for its garden.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Senjitsu Ginza-ni iki-mashi-te , sokode guuzen Suzuki-san-ni o-ai-shi-mashi-ta .
Glosses: the.other.day Ginza-LOC go-UH-GERUND, there by.chance Suzuki-Mr.-DAT HON-meet-do-UH-PAST
Translation: The other day, I went to Ginza and ran into Mr. Suzuki there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hayaku go-kaifuku-nasaru / nasai-masu koto-o o-inori-shite-ori-masu .
Glosses: Quickly HON-recover–do.HON / do.HON-UH fact-ACC HON-pray-do-be.humble-UH
Translation: I pray for your speedy recovery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hayaku go-kaifuku-nasai-masu koto-o inot-te-i-masu .
Glosses: Quickly HON-recover-do.HON-UH fact-ACC pray-GERUND-be-UH
Translation: I pray for your speedy recovery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sensei-ga o-kaki-ni nat-ta / nari-mashi-ta go-hon-ga shuppan-no hakobi-ni nat-ta / nari-mashi-ta-koto-no kinen-ni , oiwai-no kai-o hiraki-taku zonji-masu .
Glosses: Teacher-NOM Honor-write-DAT become-PAST / become-UH-PAST Honor-book-NOM publish-GEN plan-DAT become-PAST / become-UH-PAST-fact-GEN commemoration-DAT, celebration-GEN party-ACC hold-want think-UH
Translation: For the commemoration of the occasion that the book that the professor wrote will now be published, we would like to host a celebration.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Hayaku go-kaifuku nasa-ru / *nasai-masu] to shinjite-ori-masu .
Glosses: quickly HON-recovery do.HON / do.HON-UH COMP believe-do-be-UH
Translation: I pray for your quick recovery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [kaigi-wa raishuu-no-suiyoubi-da / *-desu] to , zonjite-ori-masu .
Glosses: meeting-TOP next.week-GEN-Wednesday-be / be.UH C know-be-UH
Translation: I know that the meeting will be held on Wednesday next week.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [senshuu-wa o-isogashi-katta-Ø / *-desu] to , ukagatte-ori-masu .
Glosses: last.week-TOP HON-busy-PAST-Ø / -UH C hear-be-UH
Translation: I heard that you were busy last week.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watakushi-wa [sensei-ga o-kaki-ni nari-mashi-ta go-hon-o zehi yom-ase-te itadaki-tai-(*desu)-to] omot-te-ori-masu .
Glosses: I-TOP [teacher-NOM Honor-write-DAT become-UH-PAST Honor-book-ACC definitely read-Cause-GERUND receive-want-(be.UH)-COMP] think-GERUND-be-UH
Translation: (Talking to a professor) ‘I think that I would definitely like to read the book you have written.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ashita doko-ni mairi-masu-ka] narubeku hayaku o-tsutae-itashi-masu
Glosses: tomorrow where-DAT go-UH-Q as.possible early Honor-inform-do.-UH
Translation: I will inform you as soon as possible where (I) will go tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Watashi-wa [Ken-ga nansai-desu-ka] tazune-mashi-ta
Glosses: I-TOP Ken-NOM what.age-Cop.UH-Q ask-try-UH-PAST
Translation: I asked how old Ken is.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Watashi-ga buchoo-ni [konshuu o-isogashii-desu-ka(dooka)] kakuninshi-mashi-ta
Glosses: I-TOP boss-DAT this.week HON-busy-UH-Q check-UH-PAST
Translation: It is I that checked with my boss whether he is busy this week.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sensei-ga o-kaki-ni nari-mashi-ta go-hon-ga itsu shuppan sare-ru (*sare-masu) ka , gozonji-no kara-wa irasshai-masu-ka ?
Glosses: Teacher-NOM Honor-write-DAT become-UH-PAST Honor-book-NOM when publish do.Pass-PRES (do.Pass-UH) Q knowing-GEN person-TOP exist-UH-Q
Translation: Is there anyone who knows when the book the professor wrote will be published?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?[Watakushidomo-ni o-kotae-deki-masu-kadooka] wakari-mase-n-ga…
Glosses: we-DAT HON-answer-can-UH-whether know-UH–NEG-but
Translation: (Though) we are not sure whether we can answer your question.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Musuko-ga doko-de nani-o shite-ori-masu-ka]-wa , watashitachi-ni-mo wakar-anai-node-gozai-masu
Glosses: son-NOM where-at what-ACC do-be-UH-Q-TOP we-DAT-even know–NEG-because-be-UH
Translation: We ourselves aren’t sure what our son is doing where.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Go-kaifuku *nasai-mase-ba / nasare-ba zehi mata o-koshi-kudasai
Glosses: HON-recover do.HON-UH-COND / do.HON-COND definitely again HON-come-please
Translation: Please do come back when you have made a recovery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Socchokuni moushi-masure-ba , …
Glosses: frankly say-UH-COND, …
Translation: If I may express my humble opinions frankly, …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyou-wa ii tenki-desu-node , dekakeru-koto-ni itashi-mash-oo .
Glosses: Today-TOP good weather-be.UH-because go.out-Nml-DAT do-UH-Propose
Translation: Since it is a nice day today, let us go out, shall we?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyou-wa tenki-ga ii-desu-node , dekakeru-koto-ni itashi-mash-oo .
Glosses: Today-TOP weather-NOM good-be.UH-because go.out-Nml-DAT do-UH-Propose
Translation: Since the weather is good today, let us go out, shall we?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: e=ɣí-taβo
Glosses: =C7-book
Translation: a/the book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ɣí-taβo
Glosses: C7-book
Translation: a/any book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato ta-a-ɣor-iré e=ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: Masato NEG-PST-buy-PFV =C7-book
Translation: Masato didn’t buy a/the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato ta-a-ɣor-iré __ ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: Masato NEG-PST -buy-PFV __C7-book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato m=mo-súβe .2
Glosses: Masato COP=C1-man
Translation: Masato is a man.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Masato n=o=mo-súβe .
Glosses: Masato COP-=C1-man
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato n=o=mo-súβe .
Glosses: Masato COP==C1-man
Translation: Masato is the man.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Masato m=mo-súβe .
Glosses: Masato COP=C1-man
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato ta-a-ɣor-iré Ø=ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: Masato NEG-PST-buy-PFV =C7-book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato a-ka-ɣór-a e=ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: Masato SA1-PST-buy-FV =C7-book
Translation: Masato bought a/the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Masato a-ka-ɣór-a Ø=ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: Masato SA1-PST-buy-FV =C7-book
Translation: Intended: ‘Masato bought a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: E=ɣí-taβo ɣi-kaɣw-a ha-asé .
Glosses: =C7-book SA1-PST-fall-FV C16-down
Translation: A/the book fell down.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ø=ɣi-taβo ɣi-kaɣw-a ha-asé .
Glosses: =C7-book SA1-PST-fall-FV C16-down
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: O=mu-kari ta-seegh-ire Yohana .
Glosses: =C1-woman -like-PFV Yohaná
Translation: The woman doesn’t like John.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ø=mu-kari ta-seegh-ire Yohana .
Glosses: =C1-woman -like-PFV Yohaná
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hamwe Masato a-ka-ɣór-a e=ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: maybe Masato SA1-PST-buy-FV =C7-book
Translation: Maybe Masato bought a/the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hamwe Masato a-ka-ɣór-a Ø=ɣí-taβo .
Glosses: maybe Masato SA1-PST-buy-FV =C7-book
Translation: Maybe Masato bought a book.’ MODAL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ango u=mw-ána a-ka-rɔŕ-a María ?
Glosses:  =C1-Child 3S-PST-see-FV Mary
Translation: Did the child see Mary?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ango Ø=mw-áana a-ka-rɔŕ-a María ?
Glosses:  =C1-child 3S-PST-see-FV Mary
Translation: Did any child see Mary?’ QUESTION
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato a-a-ŋga-ɣor-iré e=ɣí-taβo ɲ-a-ŋga-tʃɔmiir-u .
Glosses: Masato SA1-PST--buy-PFV =C7-book 1SG-PST-COND-be.happy-FV
Translation: If Masato bought a/the book, I would be happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Masato a-a-ŋga-ɣor-iré Ø=ɣí-taβo ɲ-a-ŋga-tʃɔmir-u .
Glosses: Masato SA1-PST--buy-PFV =C7-book 1SG-PST-COND-be.happy-FV
Translation: If Masato bought a book, I would be happy.’ CONDITIONAL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Q’wez-ílc *(ti=)smúlhats*(=a).
Glosses: dance-AUT *(=)woman*(=)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Léxlex *(i=)smelh…múlhats*(=a).
Glosses: intelligent *(=)PL…woman*(=)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wa7 ts’aqw-an’-ítas *(i=)t’éc*(=a) *(i=)míxalh*(=a).
Glosses: IPFV eat-DIR-3PL.ERG *(=)sweet*(=) *(=)bear*(=)
Translation: Bears eat honey.’ (adapted from Matthewson 2013:19)