lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Junyawa [Ayakaga {ringoo muttsu miman /muttsuyori sukunai (kazuno) ringoo} muitano]o zenbu tabeta .
Glosses: Junya-wa Ayaka-NOM apple-ACC six-CL fewer.than /six-CL-than few number-GEN apple-ACC peeled-no-ACC all ate
Translation: (lit.) Junya ate all of [that Ayaka peeled fewer than six apples]’ ‘Ayaka peeled fewer than six apples and Junya ate all of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Junyawa [Ayakaga ringoo ookutomo itsutsu muitano]o zenbu tabeta .
Glosses: Junya-wa Ayaka-NOM apple-ACC at.most five-CL peeled-no-ACC all ate
Translation: (lit.) Junya ate all of [that Ayaka peeled at most five apples]’ ‘Ayaka peeled at most five apples and Junya ate all of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Junyawa [ [Ayakaga [ ringoo mittsu] muita]no]kara nashio hutatsu totte tabeta .
Glosses: Junya-TOP  Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-NO-from pear-ACC two-CL take eat-PAST
Translation: (lit.) Junya took and ate two pears from [that Ayaka peeled three apples].’ ‘Junya took and ate two pears from what Ayaka peeled three apples of/in.’ #‘Junya took and ate two pears from the apples that Ayaka peeled three of.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Yokoga Sotakara hono moratta .
Glosses: Yoko-NOM Sota-from book-ACC receive-PAST
Translation: Yoko received a book from Sota.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Yokoga <gap> kara hono moratta] hito
Glosses: Yoko-NOM  -from book-ACC receive-PAST person
Translation: the person who Yoko received a book from
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[∅ kara [Yokoga <gap> hono moratta]] hito
Glosses:  -from Yoko-NOM  book-ACC receive-PAST person
Translation: the person from whom Yoko received a book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Yokoga <gap> hono moratta] hito
Glosses: Yoko-NOM  book-ACC receive-PAST person
Translation: the person who Yoko received a book from
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [hono katta] gakusei
Glosses: book-ACC bought student
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ayakaga sono yamano ringoo mittsu muita .
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM that mountain-NO apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST
Translation: Ayaka peeled three apples in/of the pile.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita] yama
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST mountain
Translation: the/a pile that Ayaka peeled three apples in/of
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita]no
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-NO
Translation: {that which/the one that/what} Ayaka peeled three apples in/of
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita] hako/kago
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST box/basket
Translation: the/a box/basket that Ayaka peeled three apples in
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita] {ringo/kudamono}no yama
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST apple/fruit-NO mountain
Translation: the/a pile of apples/fruits that Ayaka peeled three apples in
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita] sorerano ringo/kudamono
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST those apples/fruits
Translation: those apples/fruits that Ayaka peeled three apples of
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita]noni atenao kaita .
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-NO-DAT addressee-ACC write-PAST
Translation: (I) wrote the addressee’s name and address on the one that Ayaka peeled three apples in.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Yuyaga shippoo hippatta] neko/noga okotta .
Glosses: Yuya-NOM tail-ACC pull-PAST cat/-NO-NOM get.angry-PAST
Translation: The cat/one that Yuya pulled the tail of got angry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Yokoga [Yuyaga ashio nihon kowashita] isu/noo naoshita .
Glosses: Yoko-NOM Yuya-NOM leg-ACC two-CL break-PAST chair/-NO-ACC fix-PAST
Translation: Yoko fixed the chair/one that Yuya broke two legs of.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga <gap> ringoo mittsu muita]hoono
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM  apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-HOO-NO
Translation: the one that/that which/what Ayaka peeled three apples in/of
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[Shiroi inuga hoeteita](??hoo)no]ga nekoo oikaketa .
Glosses: White dog-NOM was.barking-HOO-NO-NOM cat-ACC ran.after
Translation: A white dog that was barking ran after a cat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Junyaga [Ayakaga sono ringono yamano ringoo mittsu muita]noo zenbu tabeta .
Glosses: Junya-NOM Ayaka-NOM that apple-NO mountain-NO apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-NO-ACC all eat-PAST
Translation: (lit.) Junya ate all of [that Ayaka peeled three apples in that pile of apples].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[Tetsuyashite ronbuno hanbun kaita]no]o senseiga yondekureta .
Glosses: all.nighter-did paper-ACC half wrote-NO-ACC teacher-NOM read-BEN.PAST
Translation: (lit.) ‘The teacher read (for me) [(I) pulled an all-nighter and wrote half paper].’ ‘(I) pulled an all-nighter and wrote half a paper and the teacher read it for me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Junyawa [[Ayakaga [ringoo mittsu] muita]no]o hutatsudake tabeta .
Glosses: Junya-TOP Ayaka-NOM apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-NO-ACC two-CL-only eat-PAST
Translation: (lit.) Junya ate only two of [that Ayaka peeled three apples].’ ‘Ayaka peeled three apples and Junya ate only two of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ayakaga sokono ringoo mittsu muita]no
Glosses: Ayaka-NOM there-GEN apple-ACC three-CL peel-PAST-NO
Translation: that which/the one that/what Ayaka peeled three apples of it
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Sotaga sono ashio nihon kowashita]no
Glosses: Sota-NOM that-GEN leg-ACC two-CL break-PAST-NO
Translation: that which/the one that/what Sota broke two legs of it (a chair, for example)
Language: Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
Transcription: [ prljave [ rešetke i sita]] su morale…
Glosses:  dirty.F.PL grid.F.PL and sieve.N.PL AUX.PL must.F.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: On je ovladao [ zemljom ].
Glosses: he is conquered  country-INST.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *On je ovladao [ s(a) [ zemljom ]].
Glosses: he is conquered  with  country-INST.SG 
Translation: He conquered that country.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *On je ovladao [ pet zemalja ].
Glosses: he is conquered  five country-GEN.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: On je ovladao [ s(a) [ pet zemalja ]].
Glosses: he is conquered  with  five country-GEN.PL 
Translation: He conquered five countries.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /ʔilkhin/ → [ʔi .lik .hin] ‘sing (aorist)’
Glosses: /lihm-hin/ → [li.him.hin] ‘run (aorist)’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /lihmal/ → [lih .mal] ‘run (dubitative)’
Glosses: /ʔilk-al/ → [ʔil.kal] ‘sing (dubitative)’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /taxaːka/ → [ta .xak] ‘bring !’
Glosses: /taxaː-mi/ → [ta.xam] ‘having brought’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /xatka/ → [xat .ka] ‘eat !’
Glosses: /xat-mi/ → [xat.mi] ‘having eaten’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Angutip arnaq takuvaa .
Glosses: man.ERG woman.ABS see-IND.3SG.3SG
Translation: The man sees the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Hansiup immi asappuq .
Glosses: Hansi.ERG himself.ABS wash-IND.3SG.3SG
Translation: Hansi washed himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Asappuq .
Glosses: wash-IND.3SG
Translation: He washed himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Angut imminut takuvuq .
Glosses: man himself-DAT see-IND.3SG
Translation: The man sees himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eurak suri JonØ presenta [do tzu Ø e] (>tzue).
Glosses: they-ERG.PL you.SG-DAT Jon-ABS introduce L-PRS.3SG -CL.DAT.2SG -CL.ERG.3 -CL.ERG.PL 
Translation: They introduced Jon to you (sg.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Eurak suri neuØ presenta [n a tzu Ø e].
Glosses: they-ERG.PL you.SG-DAT me-ABS introduce CL.ABS.1SG -PRS.1SG -CL.DAT.2SG -CL.ERG.3 -CL.ERG.PL
Translation: They introduced me to you (sg.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eurak suri neuØ presenta [d o tzu Ø e] (>tzue).
Glosses: they-ERG.PL you.SG-DAT me-ABS introduce L-PRS.3SG -CL.DAT.2SG -CL.ERG.3 -CL.ERG.PL 
Translation: They introduced me to you (sg.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eurak niri seuØ presenta [s aitu _____ Ø e] (>satxue).
Glosses: they-ERG.PL me-DAT you-ABS introduce CL.ABS.2SG -PRS.2SG  -CL.ERG.3 -CL.ERG.PL 
Translation: They introduced you to me (sg.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /tormn/ → [tɔr .mən] ‘to his father’
Glosses: /apn-apn/ → [ab.na.bən] ‘free’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marija je kupila knjigu .
Glosses: Marija be.3SG buy-F.3SG book
Translation: Marija bought a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hladno je .
Glosses: cold-N.3SG is.3SG
Translation: (It) is cold.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Trebalo je da…
Glosses: needed-N.3SG is.3SG that
Translation: (It) was necessary that…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Činilo mi se da…
Glosses: seemed-N.3SG me.DAT REFL that
Translation: (It) seemed to me that…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Cine₁ cui₃ ce₂ [ ziceai [ că t₁ ia promis t₂ t₃ ]] ?
Glosses:  who to.whom what  say.2SG  that  to-him promised 
Translation: Who did you say promised what to whom?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ Cine₁ ce₂ [ t₁ o cunoaşte [ pe studenta [ căreia i sa dedicat t₂ ieri ]]]] ?
Glosses:  who what   CL.3 know  PE student  which.DAT CL.DAT.3SG EXPL-AUX dedicated  yesterday 
Translation: Who knows the student to whom what was dedicated yesterday?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ Cine₁ [ t₁ o cunoaşte [ pe studenta [ căreia i sa dedicat ce ieri ]]]] ?
Glosses:  who   CL.3 know  PE student  which.DAT CL.DAT.3SG EXPL-AUX dedicated what yesterday 
Translation: Who knows the student to whom what was dedicated yesterday?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Cine₁ [ t₁ o cunoaşte [ pe studenta [ căreia ce₂ i sa dedicat t₂ ieri ]]]] ?
Glosses:  who   CL.3 know  PE student  which.DAT what CL.DAT.3SG EXPL-AUX dedicated  yesterday 
Translation: Who knows the student to whom what was dedicated yesterday?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tuqutsivuq .
Glosses: kill-APASS-IND.3SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tuqqurpuq .
Glosses: hide-IND.3SG
Translation: He hid himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raaje potaane sandovyo .
Glosses: Raj.M-ERG self-ACC involved-M.SG
Translation: Raj involved himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sudhaae potaane sandovi .
Glosses: Sudhaa.F-ERG self-ACC involved-F.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /tnakol/ → [t .na .gɔl] ‘you will do it’
Glosses: /ark-ark/ → [ar.ga.rkʰ] ‘to growl’
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Hasan [ birşeyI gezdiren bir çocuk]la konuşmuş .
Glosses: Hasan  something-ACC walk-NOM one child-COM talk-EVD
Translation: Apparently, Hasan spoke with a child that walked something.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Evet , köpeği .
Glosses: Yes dog-ACC
Translation: Yes, a dog.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Hasan [ kediyi gezdiren bir çocuk]la konuştu .
Glosses: Hasan  cat-ACC walk-NOM one child-COM talk-PST
Translation: Hasan spoke with a child that walked a cat.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Hayır , köpeği .
Glosses: no dog-ACC
Translation: No, a dog.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *{Evet / Hayır}, (O) köpeğiydi
Glosses: yes no it dog-ACC-COP-PST
Translation: {Yes/No}, it was a dog.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali [ Ayşeyi bir sebepten davet eden adam]a kızdı .
Glosses: Ali  Ayşe-ACC a reason invitation make-NOM man-DAT get.angry-PST
Translation: Ali is angry at the man that Ayşe invited for a particular reason.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Hasan [ neyi gezdiren bir çocuk]la konuştu ?
Glosses: Hasan  what-ACC walk-NOM one child-COM talk-PST
Translation: What thing was it such that Hasan spoke with a child that walked that thing?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Ali [ Ayşeyi niye davet eden adam]a kızdı ?
Glosses: Ali  Ayşe-ACC why invitation make-NOM man-DAT get.angry-PST
Translation: What reason was it such that Ali was angry at the man who Ayşe invited for that reason?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Johnwa [ nanio katta hito]o sagasite iru no ?
Glosses: John-TOP  what-ACC bought person-ACC looking-for Q
Translation: What thing is it that John is looking for the person that bought the thing?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakowa [ kyoozyuga nanio koogisuru] tokoroo rokuonsita no ?
Glosses: Hanako-TOP  professor-NOM what-ACC lecture scene-ACC tape-recorded Q
Translation: What thing was it that Hanako tape-recorded a scene of the professor lecturing that thing?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Gengogakuo desu .
Glosses: linguistics-ACC be
Language: Basque
Transcription: Zuk niri liburua saldu diϕdazu .
Glosses: you.ERG me.DAT book-ART.SG.(ABS) sell 3.ABS-√-SG.ABS-1SG.DAT-2SG.ERG
Translation: You have sold the book to me.
Language: Basque
Transcription: *Zuk harakinari ni saldu n(a)iϕozu .
Glosses: you.ERG butcher-ART.SG.DAT me(ABS) sell 1.ABS-√-SG.ABS-3SG.DAT-2SG.ERG
Translation: You have sold me to the butcher.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kepari bere burua gustatzen zako .
Glosses: Kepa-DAT his head-ART.SG.(ABS) like-HAB AUX
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Kepa bere buruari gustatzen zako .
Glosses: Kepa(ABS) his head-ART.SG-DAT like-HAB AUX
Translation: Intended: ‘Kepa likes himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Kepari bere burua jiten zako ispiluan .
Glosses: Kepa-DAT his head-ART.SG.(ABS) come-PROG AUX mirror-ART.SG.(ABS)-LOC
Translation: Intended: ‘Kepa is approaching himself in the mirror.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Miren bere buruari mintzatu zaio .
Glosses: Miren(ABS) his/her head-ART.SG-DAT talk-PRT AUX
Translation: Miren talked to herself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Haiek Itxasori gustatzen ϕzaizkio .
Glosses: they(ABS) Itxaso-DAT like-HAB 3.ABS-√-PL.ABS-3SG.DAT
Translation: Itxaso likes them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ni Peruri hurbildu natzai.
Glosses: me(ABS) Peru-DAT approach 1.ABS-√-SG.ABS-3SG.DAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: */??Ni Itxasori gustatzen natzai.
Glosses: me(ABS) Itxaso-DAT like-IMPF 1.ABS-√-SG.ABS-3SG.DAT
Language: Basque
Transcription: Gaizki iruditzen ϕzaiϕt [ zuk ni harakinari saltzea ].
Glosses: wrong look-IMPF 3.ABS-√-SG.ABS-1SG.DAT  you.ERG me(ABS) butcher-ART.SG.DAT sold-NMZ-ART.SG.(ABS)
Translation: It seems wrong to me for you to sell me to the butcher.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hamehapnetet tacig lacofe et acmo .
Glosses: the-hypnotist-F FUT.3SG.F-introduce DAT.the-spectator.M ACC REFL.M
Translation: The (female) hypnotist will introduce the (male) spectator to himself.’ (lit. ‘The (female) hypnotist will introduce [to the (male) spectator] [himself].’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hamenahelet tacig lahem oti .
Glosses: the-manager-F FUT.3SG.F-introduce DAT.the-them ACC.me
Translation: The (female) manager will introduce me to them.’ (lit. ‘The (female) manager will introduce [to them] [me].’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Zuk harakinari ni saldu n(a)i.
Glosses: you.ERG butcher-ART.SG.DAT me(ABS) sell 1.ABS-√-SG.ABS-3SG.DAT-2SG.ERG
Translation: You have sold me to the butcher.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: *Recomendármelos es una sorpresa .
Glosses: recommend.INF-CL₁-CL₃ COP DET surprise
Translation: Recommending me to them is a surprise.’ (okay as: ‘Recommending them to me is a surprise.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gurasoek niri belarritako ederrak erosi dizkidate .
Glosses: parent(s)-ART.PL-ERG me-DAT earring(s) beautiful-ART.PL.(ABS) bought 3.ABS-√-PL.ABS-1
Translation: (My) parents have bought me beautiful earrings.
Language: Basque
Transcription: [[Mirenentzat] [harri horiek]₍ altxatzen] probatu [dituzte].
Glosses: Miren-BEN stone(s) those . lift-NMZ.LOC attempted 3.ABS--√-3PL.ERG
Translation: They have attempted to lift those stones for Miren.
Language: Basque
Transcription: [[Lankideei] [liburu horiek] irakurtzen] probate [dϕ/*itu(z)te].
Glosses: colleague(s) book(s) those . read-NMZ.LOC attempted 3.ABS--√-3PL.ERG
Translation: They have attempted to read those books to the colleagues.
Language: French
Transcription: [L’as]tu fait ?
Glosses: [CL-have]-you done
Translation: Have you done it?
Language: Ancient Hebrew
Transcription: Lirkod , Gil lo yirkod baxayim .
Glosses: INF-dance, Gil NEG FUT.3SG M-dance in.the-life
Translation: As for dancing, Gil will never do so.
Language: Ancient Hebrew
Transcription: Liknot et hapraxim , hi kanta .
Glosses: INF-buy ACC the-flower-PL, she PAST.buy-3SG F
Translation: As for buying the flowers, she has done so.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ohne Connys Hund ist es langweilig .’
Glosses: without Conny-GEN dog is it boring
Translation: It is boring without Conny’s dog.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Connys Hund gefällt das nicht .’
Glosses: Conny-GEN dog.DAT is.pleased that not
Translation: Conny’s dog is not pleased about that.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: das Auto meines Vaters
Glosses: the car my.GEN father-GEN
Translation: the car of my father
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Peters Auto
Glosses: Peter-GEN car
Translation: Peter’s car
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: meinem Vater sein Auto
Glosses: my-DAT father his car
Translation: my father’s car
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dem Auto meines Vaters fehlt ein Reifen .
Glosses: the.DAT car my-GEN father-GEN lacks a tire
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Peters Auto fehlt ein Reifen .
Glosses: Peter-GEN car lacks a tire
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Meinem Vater seinem Auto fehlt ein Reifen .
Glosses: my-DAT father his-DAT car lacks a tire
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mit dem Auto meines Vaters bin ich nach Berlin gefahren .
Glosses: with the.DAT car my-GEN father-GEN am I to Berlin gone
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mit Peters Auto bin ich nach Berlin gefahren .
Glosses: with Peter-GEN car am I to Berlin gone
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mit meinem Vater seinem Auto bin ich nach Berlin gefahren .
Glosses: with my-DAT father his-DAT car am I to Berlin gone
Translation: I went to Berlin with Peter’s car.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sandra glaubt , dass Gisbert Techno hört .  (verbfinal CC)
Glosses: Sandra thinks that Gisbert Techno listens
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sandra glaubt , Gisbert hört Techno .  (verbsecond CC)
Glosses: Sandra thinks Gisbert listens Techno  
Translation: Sandra thinks (that) Gisbert listens to Techno music.
Language: Polish
Transcription: vmesto da
Glosses: in-place SUBJ
Language: Polish
Transcription: poté co
Glosses: after-this.LOC what
Translation: after
Language: Polish
Transcription: předtím než
Glosses: before-this.INS than
Translation: before
Language: Polish
Transcription: văpreki če
Glosses: on-contrary that
Language: Polish
Transcription: přestože
Glosses: through-this.ACC-that
Language: Polish
Transcription: zaštoto
Glosses: for-what-PRT
Language: Polish
Transcription: protože
Glosses: for-this.ACC-that
Language: Polish
Transcription: nakon što
Glosses: on-end that
Translation: after
Language: Polish
Transcription: podczas gdy
Glosses: under-time.ACC when
Translation: while
Language: Polish
Transcription: vvidu togo čto
Glosses: in-sight.LOC this.GEN that
Translation: considering that
Language: Polish
Transcription: dlatego że
Glosses: for-this.GEN that
Language: Polish
Transcription: zato što
Glosses: for-this.ACC what
Language: Polish
Transcription: potomu što
Glosses: through-this.DAT that
Language: Polish
Transcription: Żywy organism reaguje na bodźce , dlatego że ma określone potrzeby .
Glosses: living organism reacts on stimuli, for-this.GEN that has specific needs
Translation: A living organism reacts to stimuli since it has specific needs.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Padał ulewny deszcz , podczas gdy my siedzieliśmy w kawiarni .
Glosses: fell pouring rain under-time.ACC when we sat in café
Translation: It was pouring while we were sitting in the cafe.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Pomogę wam , chyba że=bym zachorował .
Glosses: help to.you probably that=SUBJ-1SG was.ill
Translation: I will help you unless I am ill.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Wszyscy wybraliśmy się na spacer , ponieważ była piękna pogoda .
Glosses: all were.off REFL on walk on-it.ACC-PRT-PRT was beautiful weather
Translation: All of us were off for a walk since it was beautiful (weather).
Language: Polish
Transcription: Staliśmy pod dachem , albowiem padało .
Glosses: stood under roof or-know.1SG it.rained
Translation: We stood under the roof because it was raining.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Nie pójdziesz na spacer , dopóki nie odrobisz lekcji .
Glosses: NEG go on walk to-until NEG do homework
Translation: You won’t go off for a walk until you (will have) do(ne) your home-work.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: obwohl/gleich
Glosses: if-PRT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ehe/in/seit/nachdem
Glosses: {before/in/after}that.DAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: zumal
Glosses: to-time
Translation: and … at that
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wobei
Glosses: where-by
Translation: whereas
Language: German
Transcription: Nachdem (dass) sie die Fenster geöffnet hatte , wurde es kalt .
Glosses: after-that that she the windows opened had became it cold
Translation: It became cold after she had opened the windows.
Language: German
Transcription: Währenddessen (dass) sie die Fenster geöffnet hatte , wurde es kalt .
Glosses: while-that.GEN that she the windows opened had became it cold
Translation: It became cold while she had opened the windows.
Language: German
Transcription: Damit es nicht kalt wurde , hatte sie die Fenster geschlossen gelassen .
Glosses: there-with it not cold became had she the windows closed left
Translation: She had left the windows closed so that it wouldn’t become cold.
Language: German
Transcription: Obwohl sie die Fenster geschlossen hatte , war es noch kalt .
Glosses: C-PRT she the windows closed had was it still cold
Translation: It was still cold despite the fact that she had closed the windows.
Language: German
Transcription: Wir sollten ihn nicht mit Fragen belästigen , zumal wir ihn kaum kennen .
Glosses: we should him not with questions harass to-time we him barely know
Translation: We shouldn’t harass him with questions, the more so as we barely know him.
Language: German
Transcription: Sobald ich das Geld bekommen habe , bezahle ich die Miete .
Glosses: as-soon I the money gotten have pay I the rent
Translation: I will pay the rent as soon as I will receive the money.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sollte der VfL den 35Jährigen nicht mehr haben wollen , müsste er ihn abfinden .
Glosses: should the VfL the 35-year.old NEG anymore have want should it him indemnify
Translation: Should the VfL no longer want the 35-year-old, it would have to indemnify him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à kɔ̀ɔ  (Xtoned class)
Glosses: 3SG handle  
Translation: its handle
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ȁ nɛ̏fíɛ
Glosses: 3SG TRANS-winnow.RLS.PFV
Translation: winnowed it
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ȁ nɛ̏fɛ̏
Glosses: 3SG TRANS-winnow.IRLS
Translation: winnow it!
Language: Russian
Transcription: Odna devuška rabotala tam .
Glosses: one-F.SG.NOM girl-F.SG.NOM worked there
Translation: One girl worked there.’ (N-Agree)
Language: Russian
Transcription: Pjat’ devušek∅ rabotali / rabotalo tam .
Glosses: five girl-F.PL.GEN worked / worked there
Translation: Five girls worked there.’ (N-Agree/default)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jedna devojka je došla .
Glosses: one-F.SG girl-F.SG.NOM AUX.3SG came
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pet devojaka: je došlo / su došle .
Glosses: five girl-F.PL-GEN AUX.3SG came / AUX.3PL came
Language: Ancient Hebrew
Transcription: 30 axuzim mehamaskoret holxim / ?holexet lesxar .
Glosses: 30 percent-M.PL of-DEF-salary-F.SG goes / goes to-rent
Translation: 30 % of the salary goes to (paying the) rent.’ (Q-Agree / ?N-Agree)
Language: Ancient Hebrew
Transcription: Maxacit mehatošavim ovdim / *ovedet bexakla’ut .
Glosses: half-F.SG of-DEF-residents-M.PL work / work in-agriculture
Translation: Half of the residents work in agriculture.’ (N-Agree / *Q-Agree)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jedno dete je jelo .
Glosses: one-N.SG.NOM child-N.SG.NOM AUX.3SG ate 
Translation: One child ate.’ (N-Agree)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Neki mališani su jeli / *je jelo .
Glosses: some-M.PL.NOM toddler-M.PL.NOM AUX.3PL ate / AUX.3SG ate 
Translation: Some toddlers ate.’ (N-Agree: 5 / default: 1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dva markera su pala / pali / je palo sa stola .
Glosses: two-M.PA marker-M.PA AUX.3PL fell / fell / AUX.3SG fell from table
Translation: Two markers fell from the table.’ (paucal: 5 / plural: 4 / default: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tri radnika su stajala / stajali / je stajalo ovde .
Glosses: three worker-M.PA AUX.3PL stood / stood / AUX.3SG stood here
Translation: Three workers were standing here.’ (paucal: 5 / plural: 4 / default: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Niz∅ stvari: je ugrozio∅ / su ugrozile / je ugrozilo avion .
Glosses: sequence-M.SG.NOM thing-F.PL.GEN AUX.3SG jeopardised / AUX.3PL jeopardised / AUX.3SG jeopardised plane
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (Q-Agree: 5 / N-Agree: 3 / default: 4)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Većina klijenata: je kupila / su kupili / je kupilo knjigu .
Glosses: majority-F.SG.NOM client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG bought / AUX.3PL bought / AUX.3SG bought book
Translation: The majority of clients bought the book.’ (Q-Agree: 5 / N-Agree: 3 / default: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mnogo godina: je prošlo / su prošle otad .
Glosses: many year-F.PL.GEN AUX.3SG passed / AUX.3PL passed since then
Translation: Many years have passed since then.’ (default: 5 / N-Agree: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nekoliko novinara: je napadnuto / su napadnuti juče .
Glosses: few journalist-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG attacked / AUX.3PL attacked yesterday
Translation: A few journalists were attacked yesterday.’ (default: 4 / N-Agree: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sedam zečića je gledalo / su gledali uplašeno u svog vlasnika .
Glosses: seven bunny-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG looked / AUX.3PL looked fearfully in their owner
Translation: Seven bunnies were fearfully looking at their owner.’ (default: 5 / N-Agree: 4)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Klijenata: je knjigu kupila većina .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG book bought majority-F.SG.NOM
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book.’ (Q-Agree: 2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Klijenata: su knjigu kupili većina .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3PL book bought majority-F.SG.NOM
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book.’ (N-Agree: 1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Klijenata: je knjigu kupilo većina .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG book bought majority-F.SG.NOM
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book.’ (default: 2.5)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Markera su / je sa stola pala / *pali / palo dva .
Glosses: marker-M.PA AUX.3PL / AUX.3SG from table fell / fell / fell two-M.PA
Translation: As for markers, two of them fell from the table.’ (paucal: 3 / plural: 1 / default: 2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mališani su jeli / *je jelo neki .
Glosses: toddler-M.PL AUX.3PL ate / AUX.3SG ate some-M.PL
Translation: As for toddlers, some of them ate.’ (N-Agree / default)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Svojih klijenata: [svaki advokat∅] mrzi većinu .
Glosses: REFL.POSS-M.PL.GEN client-M.PL.GEN every-M.SG.NOM attorney-M.SG.NOM hate.3SG majority-F.SG.ACC
Translation: As for his clients, [every attorney] hates the majority of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Advokat∅ mrzi novinara koji je intervjuisao∅ većinu njegovih klijenata:.
Glosses: attorney-M.SG.NOM hate.3SG journalist-M.SG.ACC REL.PRO-M.SG.NOM AUX.3SG interviewed-M.SG majority-F.SG.ACC his-M.PL.GEN client-M.PL.GEN
Translation: The attorney hates the journalist who interviewed the majority of his clients.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Njegovih klijenata: advokat∅ mrzi novinara koji je intervjuisao∅ većinu .
Glosses: his-M.PL.GEN client-M.PL.GEN attorney-M.SG.NOM hate.3SG journalist-M.SG.ACC REL.PRO-M.SG.NOM AUX.3SG interviewed-M.SG majority-F.SG.ACC
Translation: As for his clients, the attorney hates the journalist who interviewed the majority of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Svojih klijenata: advokat∅ kaže da mrzi većinu .
Glosses: REFL.POSS-M.PL.GEN client-M.PL.GEN attorney-M.SG.NOM say.3SG COMP hate.3SG majority-F.SG.ACC
Translation: As for his clients, the attorney says he hates the majority of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Advokat∅ je imao∅ mnogo olovaka: i nekoliko svezaka:.
Glosses: attorney-M.SG.NOM AUX.3SG had-M.SG many pen-F.PL.GEN and few notebook-F.PL.GEN
Translation: The attorney had many pens and a few notebooks.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Svezaka: je advokat∅ imao∅ mnogo olovaka: i nekoliko .
Glosses: notebook-F.PL.GEN AUX.3SG attorney-M.SG.NOM had-M.SG many pen-F.PL.GEN and few
Translation: As for the notebooks, the attorney had many pens and a few of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Isporučena su / *isporučeni su / isporučeno je tri kačketa .
Glosses: delivered AUX.3PL / delivered AUX.3PL / delivered AUX.3SG three cap-M.PA
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Na nju je lajala / *su lajali / je lajalo većina pasa:.
Glosses: at her AUX.3SG barked / AUX.3PL barked / AUX.3SG barked majority-F.SG dog-M.PL.GEN
Translation: The majority of dogs barked at her.’ (Q-Agree: 4 / N-Agree: 1 / default: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: U prvoj smeni je radilo / *su radili šest konobara:.
Glosses: in first shift AUX.3SG worked / AUX.3PL worked six waiters-M.PL.GEN
Translation: Six waiters worked in the first shift.’ (default: 5 / N-Agree: 1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Niz∅ stvari: je ugrozio∅ avion .
Glosses: sequence.M.SG.NOM thing-F.PL.GEN AUX.3SG jeopardised plane
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (Q-Agree: 5)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Niz∅ stvari: su ugrozile avion .
Glosses: sequence.M.SG.NOM thing-F.PL.GEN AUX.3PL jeopardised plane
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (N-Agree: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Niz∅ stvari: je ugrozilo avion .
Glosses: sequence.M.SG.NOM thing-F.PL.GEN AUX.3SG jeopardised plane
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (default: 4)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Avion je ugrozio∅ niz∅ stvari:.
Glosses: plane AUX.3SG jeopardised sequence-M.SG thing-F.PL.GEN
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (Q-Agree: 5)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Avion su ugrozile niz∅ stvari:.
Glosses: plane AUX.3PL jeopardised sequence-M.SG thing-F.PL.GEN
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (N-Agree: 1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Avion je ugrozilo niz∅ stvari:.
Glosses: plane AUX.3SG jeopardised sequence-M.SG thing-F.PL.GEN
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane.’ (default: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sva sela i sve varošice su juče uništena .
Glosses: all village-N.PL and all town-F.PL AUX.3PL yesterday destroyed 
Translation: All villages and all towns were destroyed yesterday.’ (N + F = N)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sva sela i sve varošice su juče uništene .
Glosses: all village-N.PL and all town-F.PL AUX.3PL yesterday destroyed 
Translation: All villages and all towns were destroyed yesterday.’ (N + F = F)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sva sela i sve varošice su juče uništeni .
Glosses: all village-N.PL and all town-F.PL AUX.3PL yesterday destroyed 
Translation: All villages and all towns were destroyed yesterday.’ (N + F = M)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Juče su uništena sva sela i sve varošice .
Glosses: yesterday AUX.3PL destroyed all village-N.PL and all town-F.PL
Translation: All villages and all towns were destroyed yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Juče su uništeni sva sela i sve varošice .
Glosses: yesterday AUX.3PL destroyed all village-N.PL and all town-F.PL
Translation: All villages and all towns were destroyed yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Juče su uništene sva sela i sve varošice .
Glosses: yesterday AUX.3PL destroyed all village-N.PL and all town-F.PL
Translation: All villages and all towns were destroyed yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Klijenata: je većina kupila knjigu .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG majority-F.SG.NOM bought book
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book.’ (Q-Agree: 2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Klijenata: su većina kupili knjigu .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3PL majority-F.SG.NOM bought book
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book.’ (N-Agree: 2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Klijenata: je većina kupilo knjigu .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG majority-F.SG.NOM bought book
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book.’ (default: 2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Niz∅ stvari: je ugrozio∅ / su ugrozile / je ugrozilo avion , dovevši do njegovog pada .
Glosses: sequence-M.SG.NOM thing-F.PL.GEN AUX.3SG jeopardised / AUX.3PL jeopardised / AUX.3SG jeopardised plane brought to its fall
Translation: A number of issues jeopardised the plane, causing it to fall.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jesu li svi klijenti kupili knjigu ?
Glosses: AUX.3PL PART all-M.PL.NOM client-M.PL.NOM bought-M.PL book-F.SG.ACC
Translation: Did all the clients buy the book?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Klijenata: je knjigu kupila većina , ali bilo je i nekih drugih kupaca .
Glosses: client-M.PL.GEN AUX.3SG book bought majority-F.SG.NOM but were-N.SG AUX.3SG and some-M.PL.GEN other-M.PL.GEN buyer-M.PL.GEN
Translation: As for the clients, the majority of them bought the book, but there were some other buyers, too.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Svojih / Njenih klijenata: Sara mrzi većinu .
Glosses: REFL.POSS-M.PL.GEN / POSS-M.PL.GEN client-M.PL.GEN Sara-F.SG.NOM hate.3SG majority-F.SG.ACC
Translation: As for her clients, Sara hates the majority of them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Celog dana mi je bilo hladno .
Glosses: all-M.SG.GEN day-M.SG.GEN I.dat AUX.3SG was-N.SG cold-N.SG
Translation: I was cold all day.
Language: Akan
Transcription: Kodwo na *(ɔ) dii aduan no .
Glosses: Kodwo FOC 3SG.ANIM ate food DEF
Translation: Kodwo ate the food.
Language: Akan
Transcription: Adwoa de(ɛ) me huu no (na Kofi de(ɛ) mennim).
Glosses: Adwoa CT I saw 3SG.ANIM but Kofi CT I-not-know
Translation: As for Adwoa, I saw her (but I don’t know about Kofi).
Language: Akan
Transcription: (Kofi de(ɛ) mennim , na…) Ama de(ɛ) ɔdii akutu .
Glosses: Kofi CT I-not-know but Ama CT 3SG.ANIM-ate oranges
Translation: (As for Kofi, I don’t know but) as for Ama, she ate oranges.
Language: Akan
Transcription: #(Daabi) Ama na ɔdii akutu (ɛnnyɛ Kofi).
Glosses: no Ama FOC 3SG.ANIM-ate oranges not Kofi
Translation: (No) Ama was who ate oranges (not Kofi).
Language: Akan
Transcription: Adwoa de(ɛ) mehuu no… (na Kofi de(ɛ) mennim).
Glosses: Adwoa CT I-saw 3SG/ANIM but Kofi CT I-not-know
Translation: As for Adwoa, I saw her (but I don’t know about Kofi).
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Johno sono inu wa kinoo kooende kandesimatta .
Glosses: John.ACC that dog WA yesterday park-at bite-closed
Translation: The dog bit John in the park yesterday.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: (Hmm , John wa dooka siranaikedo) Bill wa 8zigoro nameo tabeteita (yo).
Glosses: well, John WA how-whether know-not-but Bill WA 8-o’clock-around beans.ACC eating PRT
Translation: (Well, I don’t know about John, but…) as for Bill, he was eating beans around 8 o’clock.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Asita siken ga aru kedo mada hono zenzen yondenai .
Glosses: tomorrow exam.NOM exist but yet book.ACC at-all read.NEG
Translation: (I) have an exam tomorrow, but (I) haven’t read the book at all.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: John wa sono hono yonda tte .
Glosses: John WA the book.ACC read.PAST QT
Translation: (I’ve heard) John has read the book.
Language: Akan
Transcription: Deɛn na esii ?
Glosses: what FOC 3SG.INANIM-happen-PAST
Translation: What happened?
Language: Akan
Transcription: ɔbaa no na mehuu no ( ɛna obarima no nso).
Glosses: woman the FOC I-saw 3SG  and man the also
Translation: The woman is who I saw (and also the man).
Language: Akan
Transcription: ɔbaa no na mehuu no na mmom manhu obi fororo biara .
Glosses: woman the FOC I-saw 3SG but conversely I-not-saw person new any
Translation: Although the woman is who I saw, I didn’t see anyone else (any new person).
Language: Akan
Transcription: Kofi twaa nsɔhwɛ no anaa ?
Glosses: Kofi passed exam the QUP
Translation: Did Kofi pass the exam?
Language: Akan
Transcription: Menni ho kwan sɛ meka Kofi results kyerɛ wo na mmom Ama na ɔantwa nsɔhwɛ no .
Glosses: I-not-have about allow that I-tell Kofi results show you but conversely Ama FOC 3SG-not-pass exam the
Translation: Although I am not allowed to tell you Kofi’s result, Ama is who did not pass the exam.
Language: Akan
Transcription: Ama na ɔantwa nsɔhwɛ no .
Glosses: Ama FOC 3SG-not-pass exam the
Translation: Ama was who did not pass the exam.
Language: Akan
Transcription: Mèhúù àbòfrá .
Glosses: I-saw child
Translation: I saw a child
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ɛyɛ Kofi na ɔ baa ha .
Glosses: it-is Kofi FOC 3SG come-PAST here
Translation: It is Kofi who came here.
Language: Akan
Transcription: [ nei  manfoɔ yie  yɔ ho ]₁ na aban biara dwene no₁ daa .
Glosses:  poss-people-pl well-be self FOC government every think 3SG every-day
Translation: It’s the well-being of its people that every government thinks about every day.
Language: Akan
Transcription: Kofi ka kyerɛɛ me sɛ Ama na ɔ dii akutu no .
Glosses: Kofi told show me that Ama FOC 3SG ate oranges def
Translation: Kofi told me that Ama was who ate the oranges.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaa nom unshn gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa.NOM book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaag nom unshn gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa-ACC book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat changaar nokhoi(g) gaikhaltai gej khelsen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR dog(-ACC) wonder-with COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat nokhoig changaar [ t gaikhaltai gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat dog-ACC loud-INSTR [ t wonder-with COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that dogs are wonderful.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Ööriinkh n’ bagsh oyuutan bür(iig) sain oyuutan gej khelsen .
Glosses: self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 teacher student every(-ACC) good student COMP say-PST
Translation: His/Her teacher said that every student is a good student.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Oyutan büriig ööriinkh n’ bagsh [ t sain oyuutan gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: student every-ACC self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 teacher [ t good student COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Their teacher said that every student is a good student.’ (‘For every student x, x’s teacher said that x is a good student.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bi Bold(iig) ene deeremchnig barisan gej khelsen .
Glosses: I Bold(-ACC) this thief-ACC catch-PST COMP say-PST
Translation: I said that Bold caught this thief.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Dulmaa Nara(g) sain khün gej medn .
Glosses: Dulmaa Nara(-ACC) good person COMP know-N.PST
Translation: Dulmaa knows that Nara is a good person.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Navchaa Dulmaa(g) sain khün gej bodson .
Glosses: Navchaa Dulmaa(-ACC) good person COMP think-PST
Translation: Navchaa thinks that Dulmaa is a good person.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Navchaa Rex(iig) sain nokhoi gej Dorjid khelsen .
Glosses: Navchaa Rex(-ACC) good dog COMP Dorj-DAT say-PST
Translation: Navchaa told Dorj that Rex is a good dog.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Dulmaa oyuutan bür(iig) daalgavaraa khiisen gej medeegüi .
Glosses: Dulmaa student every(-ACC) homework-REFL.POSS do-PST COMP know-NEG
Translation: Dulmaa does not know that every student did their homework.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Pro sharlovan idsengüi .
Glosses: pro carrot eat-PST-NEG
Translation: (S)he/They didn’t eat carrots.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Pro Dorjid sharlovan baigaa gessen .
Glosses: pro Dorj-DAT carrot COP.PRES say-PST
Translation: (S)he/They said that Dorj has carrots.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat Dorjid [ pro Dulmaag zursen gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat Dorj-DAT [ pro Dulmaa-ACC draw-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat told Dorj that he drew Dulmaa.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat [ pro muurand durtai gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat [ pro cat-DAT like COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that (s)he/they like(s) cats.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat Dorjid [ pro ööriigöö shüümjiln gej ] amalsan .
Glosses: Bat Dorj-DAT [ pro self-ACC-REFL criticize-N.PST COMP ] promise-PST
Translation: Bat promised Dorj to criticize himself.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Dorj changaar Batiin nüd(iig) oree deeree garsan gej khelsen .
Glosses: Dorj loud-INSTR Bat-GEN eye(-ACC) top on-REFL.POSS climb-PST COMP say-PST
Translation: Dorj said loudly that Bat was very surprised.’ (Lit.: ‘Dorj said loudly that Bat’s eyes climbed on top of themselves.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaa(g) nom unshn gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa(-ACC) book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bold [ magadgüi Tuya(g) dars uusan baikh gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bold [ maybe Tuya(-ACC) wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bold [ Tuya(g) magadgüi dars uusan baikh gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bold [ Tuya(-ACC) maybe wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bold [ Tuya(g) dars magadgüi uusan baikh gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bold [ Tuya(-ACC) wine maybe drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bold said that Tuya maybe drank wine.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Margaash Bat [ t Dulmaa(g) buuz idn gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: tomorrow Bat [ t Dulmaa(-ACC) buuz eat-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said that Dulmaa will eat buuz tomorrow.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Dulmaa changaar sharlovang Batid baigaa gej khelsen .
Glosses: Dulmaa loud-INSTR carrot-ACC Bat-DAT COP.PRES COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Sharlovang Batid baigaa gej ] Dulmaa changaar t Dorjid khelsen .
Glosses: [ carrot-ACC Bat-DAT COP.PRES COMP ] Dulmaa loud-INSTR t Dorj-DAT say-PST
Translation: Dulmaa said loudly (to Dorj) that Bat has a carrot.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Dulmaag nom unshn gej ] Bat t khelsen .
Glosses: [ Dulmaa-ACC book read-N.PST COMP ] Bat t say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book (tomorrow).
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Magadgüi Tuya(g) dars uusan baikh gej ] Bold t khelsen .
Glosses: [ maybe Tuya(-ACC) wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] Bold t say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Tuya(g) magadgüi dars uusan baikh gej ] Bold t khelsen .
Glosses: [ Tuya(-ACC) maybe wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] Bold t say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Tuya(g) dars magadgüi uusan baikh gej ] Bold t khelsen .
Glosses: [ Tuya(-ACC) wine maybe drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] Bold t say-PST
Translation: Bold said that Tuya maybe drank wine.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *[ t sain seheetin gej ] Bat Dorjiig changaar t khelsen .
Glosses: [ t good noble COMP ] Bat Dorj-ACC loud-INSTR t say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘That Dorj is good and noble, Bat said loudly.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Dulmaa kheniig ch kharaagüi .
Glosses: Dulmaa who-ACC CH see.PST-NEG
Translation: Dulmaa did not see anyone.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Dulmaa kheniig ch kharsan .
Glosses: Dulmaa who-ACC CH see-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Khen ch Dulmaag kharaagüi .
Glosses: who.NOM CH Dulmaa-ACC see.PST-NEG
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Khen ch Dulmaag kharsan .
Glosses: who.NOM CH Dulmaa-ACC see-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Nara [ Dulmaa(g) kheniig ch kharaagüi gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Nara [ Dulmaa(-ACC) who-ACC CH see.PST-NEG COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Nara said that Dulmaa did not see anyone.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Nara [ Dulmaag kheniig ch kharsan gej ] kheleegüi .
Glosses: Nara [ Dulmaa-ACC who-ACC CH see-PST COMP ] say.PST-NEG
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Nara khen(iig) ch ireegüi gej khelsen .
Glosses: Nara who(-ACC) CH come.PST-NEG COMP say-PST
Translation: Nara said that nobody came.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Nara khen(iig) ch irsan gej kheleegüi .
Glosses: Nara who(-ACC) CH come-PST COMP say.PST-NEG
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Lusyn dagina bodit endalrach baideggüi ch , Navchaa [ lusyn dagina(iig) irch bain gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: mermaid real in.life COP-HAB-NEG CH Navchaa [ mermaid(-ACC) come.FUT AUX-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Although mermaids don’t exist, Navchaa said that a mermaid is coming.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Sharlovan(*g) Batid baigaa .
Glosses: carrot(*-ACC) Bat-DAT COP.PRES
Translation: Bat has a carrot.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Dulmaa changaar [ sharlovang Batid baigaa gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Dulmaa loud-INSTR [ carrot-ACC Bat-DAT COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dulmaa said loudly that Bat has a carrot.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Dulmaa(*g) sain seheetin gej ] khelgdsen .
Glosses: [ Dulmaa(*-ACC) good noble COMP ] say-PASS-PST
Translation: It was said that Dulmaa is good and noble.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Bat(*iig) chikher idsen gedge n’ ] namaig gaikhshruulsan .
Glosses: [ Bat(*-ACC) candy eat-PST COMP POSS.3 ] 1SG-ACC surprise-CAUS-PST
Translation: That Bat ate candy surprised me.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: [ Dorj(*iig) tsagtaa irsen (gedge) n’ ] namaig gaikhshruulsan .
Glosses: [ Dorj(*-ACC) late come-PST (COMP) POSS.3 ] 1SG-ACC surprise-CAUS-PST
Translation: That Dorj arrived late surprised me.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Odgerel [ Dulmaad shine baishin(*g) baigaa gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Odgerel [ Dulmaa-DAT new house(*-ACC) COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Odgerel shine baishin(g) Dulmaad t baigaa gej khelsen .
Glosses: Odgerel new house(-ACC) Dulmaa-DAT t COP.PRES COMP say-PST
Translation: Odgerel said that Dulmaa has a new house.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Margaash egchee irne .
Glosses: tomorrow sister.NOM-REFL.POSS come-N.PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘My sister is coming tomorrow.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Margaash egch (miin) irne .
Glosses: tomorrow sister (POSS.1SG) come-N.PST
Translation: My sister is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: John bagshaasaa asuusan .
Glosses: John teacher-ABL-REFL.POSS ask-PST
Translation: John asked his teacher.
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: Bat [ Nara [ muur harsniigaa ] khelsen gej ] medn .
Glosses: Bat [ Nara [ cat see-PST-ACC-REFL.POSS ] say-PST COMP ] know-N.PST
Translation: Bat knows that Nara said that she saw a cat.’ (Lit.: ‘Bat knows [that Nara said [-aa seeing a cat]]’.)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Bat changaar [ egchee gaikhaltai gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR [ sister.NOM-REFL.POSS wonder-with COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that his (own) sister is wonderful.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian
Transcription: *Bat [ margaash egchee irne gej ] khelsen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow sister.NOM-REFL.POSS come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said that his (own) sister is coming tomorrow.’)