lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Russian
Transcription: Lena govorila ( ves’ večer) po telefonu .
Glosses: L . talk-PST _ all evening on phone
Translation: Lena talked on the phone for the whole evening.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Lena progovorila *( ves' večer) po telefonu .
Glosses: L . PRO_PER-talk-PST _ all evening on phone
Translation: Lena spent the whole evening talking on the phone.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Kolja propisal pismo vsjo utro .
Glosses: K . PRO_PER-write-PST letter all morning
Translation: Intended: `Kolja spent the whole morning writing the letter.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Kolja protaskal čemodan neskol’ko časov .
Glosses: K . PRO_PER-carry-PST suitcase several hours
Translation: Kolja spent several hours carrying the suitcase.
Language: Russian
Transcription: * Vasja pro[[otkr]yva]l zamok polčasa .
Glosses: _ V . PRO_PER-open-YVA-PST lock half.an.hour
Translation: Intended: `Vasja spent half an hour opening the lock.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kolja otkryval rot minutu .
Glosses: K . open-YVA-PST mouth minute
Translation: Kolja was opening the mouth for a minute.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kolja pro[[otkr]yva]l rot minutu .
Glosses: K . PRO_PER-open-YVA-PST mouth minute
Translation: Kolja spent a minute opening the mouth.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Lena progovorila ves’ večer po telefonu .
Glosses: L . PRO_PER-talk-PST all evening on phone
Translation: Lena spent the whole evening talking on the phone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: * Vasja prorešil zadanije desjat’ minut .
Glosses: _ V . PRO_PER-solve-PST task ten minutes
Translation: Intended: `Vasja spent ten minutes solving the task.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: * Maša pro[na[pisa]]la pis’mo dva časa .
Glosses: _ M . PRO_PER-NA-write-PST letter two hours
Translation: Intended: `Maša spent two hours writing the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Prošloj zimoj ja [ pro[lež]]ival na divane po desjat’ časov v den’.
Glosses: Last winter I _ PRO_PER-lay-YVA-PST on sofa by ten hours in day
Translation: Last winter I spent ten hours a day laying on the sofa.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vasja { pro[[pere[čit]]yva]l / * pro[pere[čita]]l } etot abzac polčasa , no ničego ne ponjal .
Glosses: V . _ PRO_PER-PERE_REP-read-YVA-PST _ _ PRO_PER-PERE_REP-read-PST _ this paragraph half.an.hour but nothing not understand-PST
Translation: Vasja spent half an hour reading this paragraph over and over again, but did not understand anything.
Language: Russian
Transcription: V očeredi Kolja prostojal vsego liš’ sutki .
Glosses: in queue K . PRO_PER-stay-PST total only day
Translation: Kolja stood in the queue only for a day.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Kolja propisal pismo neskol’ko minut .
Glosses: K . PRO_PER-write-PST letter several minutes
Translation: Intended: `Kolja spent several minutes writing the letter.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Kolja popisal pismo neskol’ko minut .
Glosses: K . PO_DEL-write-PST letter several minutes
Translation: Kolja spent several minutes writing the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kolja potaskal čemodan neskol’ko časov .
Glosses: K . PO_DEL-carry-PST suitcase several hours
Translation: Kolja spent several hours carrying the suitcase.
Language: Italian
Transcription: temere temuto
Glosses: fear-INF fear-PASS.PTCP
Translation: to fear' `feared
Language: Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
Transcription: prìznati prȉznaat
Glosses: recognise-INF recognise-PASS.PTCP
Translation: recognise' `recognised
Language: Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
Transcription: pȑsa _ pr̀sat
Glosses: bust _ bust-at
Translation: bust' `busty
Language: Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
Transcription: pòslati pȍslaan
Glosses: send-INF send-PASS.PTCP
Translation: to send' `sent
Language: Serbian-Croatian-Bosnian
Transcription: gȉpsa gìpsan
Glosses: plaster-GEN plaster-an
Translation: plaster' `made of plaster
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mlEti mEljeem mlEo mlEvEna
Glosses: INF PRES.1SG PST.PTCP PASS.PTCP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wa3ko3na1Øwa2 .
Glosses: work-1-PRS-EXCL-IMPF
Translation: I am working.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wa3ko3na1ti2 .tu3wa2
Glosses: work-1-SHRD-IMPF
Translation: (You and I see that) I am working
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bapá bopeápɨ
Glosses: plate break-REC.PAST.NON3.VISUAL
Translation: I broke the plate (of my own will, e.g., because I was angry).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bapá bopeásɨ
Glosses: plate break-REC.PAST.NON3.NONVISUAL
Translation: I broke the plate accidentally (I didn't see it on the table).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dachéw=la
Glosses: pulling-seize-PRF=PERSONAL.AGENCY
Translation: I caught it.’ (I know because I did it)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jĩ: jyā yānā
Glosses: 1.ERG work do-PST.EGO
Translation: I did the work.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ji mhiga thena
Glosses: 1.ABS yesterday arrive-PFV.ALLO
Translation: I arrived yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jĩ: thula
Glosses: 1.ERG understand-PFV.ALLO
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kwisaté nanukkú
Glosses: dance-IMPF SPKR.ASYM-be.LOC-1S
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kwisaté ninukkú
Glosses: dance-IMPF SPKR.SYM-be.LOC-1S
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nas hanchibé shakwísa=tuk(k)u
Glosses: 1SG.IND good ADR.ASYM-dance=be.LOC-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kwisaté shibalox
Glosses: dance-IMPF ADR.SYM-2SG-be.LOC
Translation: You are/were dancing(?)’ (confirming)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: parashan=mi
Glosses: rain-PROG-3=MI
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: parashan=chá .
Glosses: rain-PROG-3=CHÁ
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: parashan=si .
Glosses: rain-PROG-3=SI
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: unqusqachá kashanman
Glosses: sick-PRT-CONJ be-PROG-3-COND
Translation: She may be sick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: unqusqachus hina kashanman
Glosses: sick-PRT-RES _ be-PROG-3-COND
Translation: She appears to be sick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tamyaw=mi
Glosses: rain-PROG=MI
Translation: It is raining’ [uttered while observing the rain]. [el_21092014_01 003]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Cesar] mingama=mi rishka
Glosses: [Cesar] collective.work-DAT=MI go-ANT
Translation: [Cesar] went to the minga’ [the speaker has just arrived at C’s home. C. is not there, it’s the day of the minga, and the speaker knows C. always participates in community events] [el_21092014_01 051]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ñuka yaya shamu=mi yachin
Glosses: 1SG father come-PROG=MI seem-3
Translation: It seems my father is coming.’ [speaker hears footsteps outside, and was expecting his father to come] [el_21092014_01 035]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: rimawanun Saida ungushka=mi sirik nisha
Glosses: say-1OBJ-3PL NAME fall.ill-ANT=MI stay-NMLZ say-COREF
Translation: They tell me Saida is ill.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lluki purama=mi rin llukipurama
Glosses: left side-DAT=MI go-3 left-side-DAT
Translation: [the seed] goes to the left, to the left’ [el_03102014_01 076]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tamiashka=cha
Glosses: rain-ANT=CHA
Translation: Intended meaning: ‘It rained/It must have rained’ [speaker haven’t seen the rain, but sees the ground is wet] [elicited]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tamiashka=cha
Glosses: rain-ANT=CHA
Translation: Has it rained? / It has rained, hasn’t it?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: chiraygu=cha kay islama=ga alli
Glosses: D.DEM-CAUSAL=CHA P.DEM shore-DAT=TOP good
Translation: That would be why [the soil] is good on this shore’ [in_01082013_02 094]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ima shutita=cha Shangri=cha nikkuna aka=y
Glosses: what name-ACC=CHA NAME=CHA say-NMLZ-PL AUX-PST=EMPH
Translation: What was his name, I think they called him Shangri…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: yaya yachin , paypa yaya
Glosses: father-3 seem-3 3SG-GEN father
Translation: It seems [he is the] father, his father…’ [el_18092014_02 028]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: yaya yachin , paypa yaya=cha
Glosses: father seem-3 3SG-GEN father=CHA
Translation: It seems [he is the] father, isn’t he his father?/is he his father?’ [elicited]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana yachani ima=ta=cha ranga rawn
Glosses: NEG know-1 what=INT=CHA do-FUT AUX-PROG-3
Translation: I don’t know, what will he do…’ [about the boy in the “Pear story”] [in_24092014_01 026]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mayma=cha rinun payguna payguna wasima rinun yachin
Glosses: where-DAT=CHA go-3PL 3PL 3PL house-DAT go-3PL seem-3
Translation: Where are they going. It seems they are going home…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana atarika=chu tianuka=lla=mi
Glosses: NEG get.up-PST=Q/NEG be-3PL.PST=LIM=MI
Translation: [(S)he] didn't stand up, they just sat [there]’ [el_24112014_01 041]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana ushani
Glosses: NEG can-1
Translation: I cannot [make chicha]!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ushangui=mi
Glosses: can-2=MI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: muyuta pitiwn… ima… coco ... mana coco=mi [an] nini ... coco=cha ...
Glosses: fruit-ACC cut-PROG-3 what coconut NEG coconut=MI [COP-3] say-1 coconut=CHA
Translation: He is cutting [harvesting] fruit….what…[It’s a] coconut…No, I said “coconut”… [but is it a] coconut?’ [el_24092014_03 003-5]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dede kaʁa q̵warada .
Glosses: 1SG-ERG paper write-PFV_ASSINV
Translation: I wrote a letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mede / hus̱we / huλ̱e kaʁa q̵warari
Glosses: 2SG-ERG / DEM-O_M-ERG / DEM-O_F-ERG paper write-PFV
Translation: You / he / she wrote a letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mede čũda kaʁa q̵warada ?
Glosses: 2SG-ERG when paper write-PFV_ASSINV
Translation: When did you write a letter?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dede / hus̱we / huλ̱e čũda kaʁa q̵warari ?
Glosses: 1SG-ERG / DEM-O_M-ERG / DEM-O_F-ERG when paper write-PFV
Translation: When did I / he / she write a letter?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha ĩgora dede magazigune beχe jeq’ada .
Glosses: DEM bread 1SG-ERG shop-EL N-buy-CVB F-come-PFV^ASSINV
Translation: I brought this bread from the shop.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilode_i eƛ̱’iri wašas̱uga , ha ĩgora ĩλ̱e_i magazigune beχe jeq’ada .
Glosses: mother_o-ERG tell-IRR boy-O_M-LAT DEM bread ANA-O_F-ERG shop-EL N-buy-CVB F-come-PFV_ASSINV
Translation: The mother told the boy that she had brought this bread from the shop.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dede čũda eƛ̱’ari habe ?
Glosses: 1SG-ERG when say-PFV DEM-N
Translation: 1. ‘When did I say that?’ – I don’t remember, perhaps you do (true question)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ji pyānā
Glosses: 1.ABS be.wet-PST.CJ
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jī: (tha:yāta) pyākā
Glosses: 1.ERG (self-DAT) be.wet-CAUS-PST.CJ
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karoko , e , no ame hutia
Glosses: be/stand-SW.SIM hesitation 1SG father come.PFV.VIS.P
Translation: Being there, my father came (according to my visual evidence).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Rodni kho ayu hutia ritia
Glosses: PSN 3SG now/today come.PFV.VIS.P say-PFV.VIS.P
Translation: [Someone] said Rodney came today (according to their visual evidence).’ (, from and field notes)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nanga wanya lyab
Glosses: 1SG-GEN hat get-OPT:1SG
Translation: I want to get my hat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ekepu akuna kamukamu nyik ting ul na pilyab
Glosses: now that-LOC final say-NF:2/3PL do-2/3PL:PRF thing I hear-OPT:1SG
Translation: Now I want to hear your (PL) final determination’ [lit: …hear the thing that you have said finally].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ab ilyi lyab
Glosses: woman this get-OPT:1SG
Translation: I want to marry this woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na lku suku wabi
Glosses: I house inside come-OPT:1SG-Q
Translation: Can I come into the house?’, ‘Is it o.k. with you for me to come into the house?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sab mola mol
Glosses: give-OPT:1SG or no
Translation: Shall I give [it to you] or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nanga mai aprali tek lyinglum na tena pab
Glosses: 1SG-GEN ground seize do-NF:2/3PL get-PRF:2/3PL-COND I where go-OPT:1SG
Translation: If they take my land, where I am supposed to go? [i.e. where do you propose that I go?].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ab obinga aki tepa suku pelym na top pilyilyo enebu tokum pilyikirayl melayl ti teab mel nar
Glosses: woman penis-GEN that do-NF:3SG inside be/lie-HAB:3SG I hit/do-NF:1SG know-HAB:1SG tiredness hit/be-PPR:3SG know-PPR:1SG-DEF thing-DEF another do-OPT:1SG thing what
Translation: When a woman has sex with a man that's how it is, I know; I'm an expert at it. I know it’s tiring, but what else can I do?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ab ilyi lyabi
Glosses: woman this get-OPT:1SG-Q
Translation: Do you want me to marry this woman?’, ‘Are you expecting me to marry this woman?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ma tena pum
Glosses: mommy where go-PRF:3SG
Translation: Where did [your] mommy go?’ (Said by a father to his 2½ year old son)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tata uj meba okum
Glosses: daddy wood carry-NF:3SG come-PPR:3SG
Translation: [Your] daddy is bringing firewood.’ (Said by a mother to her 3-year old daughter).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: papa=o nu ur naikin pin ?
Glosses: daddy=VOC 2SG sleep who-COM be/lie:PRF:2SG
Translation: Daddy [i.e., daughter], with whom did you have a sleepover?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: angkol=o nu puni mola mol
Glosses: uncle=VOC 2SG go-FUT:3SG or no
Translation: Uncle [i.e. niece], are you going or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: papa e mel kuduyl ilyi kanakini
Glosses: daddy hey thing red this see-PPR:2SG-Q
Translation: Hey Daddy [i.e., son], do you see this red thing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ep nanga oma mari tujuni ?
Glosses: now 1SG-GEN fish some hit:BEN-FUT:2SG
Translation: Now will you catch some fish for me?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tojubayl
Glosses: hit:BEN-FUT:3SG-DEF
Translation: Indeed she will.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: e ? a nanga papan…
Glosses: really ? oh 1SG-GEN daddy-ERG
Translation: Really? Oh, my ‘daddy’ [i.e., daughter] [will catch some]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karna pabiyl wa ! kar !
Glosses: truck-LOC go-OPT:1DU come:IMP:SG truck
Translation: Come, let’s you and me go in the car! The car!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kali pabiyl=o
Glosses: kalyke go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go to Kailge.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalyke pabiyl=o
Glosses: Kailge go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go to Kailge.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sispop lyabiyl pabiyl=o
Glosses: cheesepop get-OPT:2DU go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go get some cheesepops.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sispopti nabiyl
Glosses: cheesepop-IDF eat-OPT:2DU
Translation: Let’s eat a cheesepop.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: pabiyl
Glosses: go-OPT:2DU
Translation: Let’s go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: pabiyl=o
Glosses: go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lku suku wabi
Glosses: house inside come-OPT:1SG-Q
Translation: Do you want to come into the house?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nu ku mare pensi molti
Glosses: 2SG stone/money some be/lie-CAUS be/stay:HAB:2SG-Q
Translation: Do you have any money?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: al nan sibayl
Glosses: that:ENDO:DEF 1SG-ERG give:FUT:1SG-DEF
Translation: I’ll give it [to you].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: naa lyinsibue
Glosses: not take-BEN-FUT:1SG-Q
Translation: Oh, so you’re not going to take it [for yourself].
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti lyibu
Glosses: one take-FUT:1SG
Translation: I’ll take one [coin].
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti pelymja
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE
Translation: Maybe one is there.
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti pelymjaaaa
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE
Translation: Maaaaybe one is there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ti pelymja kanui
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE see/look-JUS
Translation: Maybe one is there. Look.
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti pelymiyl
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-DEF
Translation: One is indeed there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kankuni
Glosses: see/look-PPR:2SG-Q
Translation: You see?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mare pelymja kanabil
Glosses: some be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE see-OPT:1DU
Translation: Maybe some is there; let’s (you and I) see.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma/aharemen̊ kaifim̊=ta ?
Glosses: today 1SG/1PL eat.CNV-PRF.EGO=Q
Translation: Have I/we eaten today?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma/aharemen̊ kaifim̊
Glosses: today 1SG/1PL eat.CNV-PRF.EGO
Translation: I/we have eaten today.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu kalē/kalēmen̊ kaifim̊=ta ?
Glosses: today 2SG/2PL eat.CNV-PRF.EGO=Q
Translation: Have you eaten today?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu kalē/kalēmen̊ kaifi
Glosses: today 2SG/2PL eat.CNV-PRF.ALTER
Translation: You have eaten today.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ēnā/emīhun̊ kaifi=ta ?
Glosses: today 3SG/3PL eat.CNV-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Has (s)he/have they eaten today?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ēnā/emīhun̊ kaifi
Glosses: today 3SG/3PL eat.CNV-PRF.ALTER
Translation: (S)he has/they have eaten today.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalē bēnum̊ nu=vi=yas kalēge zamīru kuran̊ bēnun̊_ve=gen̊ kalē ti=kam̊ kurāne . kale=akī vakīlek̊̊. ēnāge furāna salāmat̊_kuran̊ kalē masakkat̊ kurāne
Glosses: 2SG want NEG=be.PST.PTCP=CNCS 2SG-GEN conscience do.INF want_be.CVB=SUCC 2SG DEM2=action do.FUT.ALTER 2SG=COP lawyer-INDF 3SG-GEN life safety_do.INF 2SG work do.FUT.ALTER
Translation: Even if you don’t want to, because your conscience wants to do [that], you will do that. You are a lawyer. You will work to save his life.’ (from <www.esfiya.com/1849/>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ekamaku balā_bala… aharen̊ moya kamek̊ kuram̊=ta ? nūnī duvahaku=ves kurim̊=ta ?
Glosses: but look.CVB_IMP 1SG crazy action-INDF do.PRS-EGO=Q or day-UNSP=EMPH do.PST-EGO=Q
Translation: But look…do I do anything crazy? Or did [I] ever do [anything crazy]?’ (from <www.vaguthu.mv/evaguthu/story/210155/>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aharen̊ ja^[m]burōlek̊ nagam̊=ta ?
Glosses: 1SG rose.apple-INDF take.PRS-EGO=Q
Translation: Can I take a rose apple?’ (from <www.dhiggaru.com/946>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma kaifi=ta ?
Glosses: today 1SG eat.CVB-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Have I eaten today?’ (addressee-directed) (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma kaifim̊=ta ?
Glosses: today 1SG eat.CVB-PRF.EGO=Q
Translation: Have I eaten today?’ (self-directed) (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mamma kaifim̊=ta ? kobā Shihānā=āi donta ? emīhun̊ kaifi=ta ?
Glosses: mother eat.CVB-PRF.EGO=Q where Shihaanaa=CONJ sister 3PL eat.CVB-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Has mother [=addressee] eaten? Where are Shihaanaa and sister? Have they eaten?’(from <http://vnews.mv/517>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mamma kaifi=ta ?
Glosses: mother eat.CVB-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Has mother eaten?’ (not directed at mother) (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kurin̊ duvahaku=ves mamma e=geaṣ̊ diyaim̊
Glosses: earlier day-UNSP=EMPH mother DEM3=house-DAT go.PST-EGO
Translation: The other day as well mother [=speaker] went to that house.’ (from <www.dhivehivaahaka.com/read/601>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ma bunī ma Māle diyaim=ē
Glosses: 1SG say.PST.FOC 1SG Malé go.PST-EGO=QUOT
Translation: I said that I went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalē bunī kalē Māle diyaim=ē
Glosses: 2SG say.PST.FOC 2SG Malé go.PST-EGO=QUOT
Translation: You said that you went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali bunī ēnā Māle diyaim=ē
Glosses: Ali say.PST.FOC 3SG Malé go.PST-EGO=QUOT
Translation: Ali_i said that he_i went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maumūn̊ amillaaṣ̊ bunī timannā 30 aharu verikam̊ koṣ̊fīm=ē
Glosses: Maumoon self-ADVZ say.PST.FOC LOG 30 year rulership do.CVB-PRF.EGO=QUOT
Translation: Maumoon_i himself said that he_i had ruled for 30 years.’ (adapted from )
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: manikufānu=eve ! qānūnu_asāsī galu_aḷā=fai_ot̊ duvas_varu manikufānu vidāḷu_vīmu=eve .
Glosses: excellency=END law_basis stone_put.down.CVB=SUCC_lie.PST.PTCP day_amount excellency say.HHON_be.PST-1/2=END
Translation: Your excellency! In the days when the [preparation of the] constitution had stalled [lit. ‘had been hooked on a rock’], your excellency said [it].’ (A. Gnanadesikan, pers. comm.; originally from Haama Daily online newspaper, 2010)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tiyabaimīhun̊ timannāmen̊ge gedoraṣ̊ vade_gane h̤amalā_dī e=tan̊∼tan̊ halāku kos̊fīmu=eve .
Glosses: 2PL LOG.PL-GEN house-DAT enter.CVB_take.CVB attack_give.CVB DEM3=place∼REDUP damage do.CVB-PRF.1/2=END
Translation: You people have come to our homes, attacked, and damaged them.’ (A. Gnanadesikan, pers. comm.; originally from Haama Daily online newspaper, 2010)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aharen̊ e=geaṣ̊ diyaimu
Glosses: 1SG DEM3=house-DAT go.PST-1/2
Translation: I went to that house.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aharen̊(‑ge)/ēnā(‑ge) atun̊ doru leppunu
Glosses: 1SG(-GEN)/3SG(-GEN) hand-INS door close.IN.PST
Translation: I/(s)he closed the door (accidentally).’ (adapted from Cain & Gair 2000: 58)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tíi áa báaṭ uc̣hi ba ǰhandraí the uṛíitu so múṛu
Glosses: 3SG.REM.OBL INDF stone lift-CVB TOP snake-OBL to let.go.PFV-MSG 3.SG.REM.NOM die.PFV-MSG
Translation: [This happened to my brother, I saw it:]‘He took a stone and threw it at the snake. It died.’ (PHL-TMAQ-NH:174–175)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tíi áa báaṭ uc̣hí ba ǰhandraí the uṛíitu hínu ta so múṛu hínu
Glosses: 3SG.REM.OBL INDF stone lift-CVB TOP snake-OBL to let.go.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG SUB 3SG.REM.NOM die.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: [This happened to my brother, and he told me:]‘He took a stone and threw it at the snake. It died.’ (PHL-TMAQ-NH:179–180)
Language: Palula
Transcription: áa deés táa ɡúum ta , máathe qisá thíilu
Glosses: one day there.REM go.PFV.MSG SUB 1SG.DAT story do-PFV-MSG
Translation: One day I went there, and [he] told me a story.’ (PHL-Hunter:009)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tasíi yéei taste áak ṭíki thíili híni kaṭamúš ṭíki ḍóoka pharé ɡhaṇḍí sóona dúši ɡúum hínu
Glosses: 3SG.GEN mother 3SG.DAT INDF bread.cake do-PFV-F be.PRS-F Katamosh bread.cake back-OBL along tie-CVB pasture-OBL toward go.PFV.MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: His mother made a cake of bread for him. Katamosh tied the bread to his back and set out to the high pastures.’ (PHL-Katamosh:009-010)
Language: Palula
Transcription: anɡóor ǰeelí táa pačaá khainií široó thíilu široó thíilu ta tíi maǰí áa ǰhaṭílu ṭhaaṭáaku yhóolu
Glosses: fire light-CVB there.REM cook.CVB eat-INF starting do-PFV-MSG starting do-PFV-MSG SUB 3SG.REM.OBL in INDF hairy-MSG ogre come-PFV-MSG
Translation: When he had made a fire, he cooked the meat and started eating. Meanwhile, a ṭhaaṭáaku suddenly appeared.’ (PHL-Thaataaku:004-005)
Language: Palula
Transcription: ma nis aáǰ khúum ta rhootašíia ba kanáa bhúum
Glosses: 1SG.NOM 3SG.PROX.ACC today eat-1SG SUB morning-OBL TOP what become-1SG
Translation: If I eat it today, what should I then do tomorrow?’ (PHL-HunterMonkey:005)
Language: Palula
Transcription: uthí maníitu hínu ki eé lhéṇḍu ɡóoi yhóolu ma tu khaáanu , muṣṭú ma thíi ráat piláanu théeba ma thíi lhéṇḍi kakaríi čapáanu
Glosses: stand.up-CVB say.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG COMP o bald(M) where.from come-PFV-MSG 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM eat-PRS-MSG first 1SG.NOM 2SG.GEN blood drink-PRS-MSG then 1SG.NOM 2SG.GEN bald-F scalp gnaw-PRS-MSG
Translation: I will eat you. First I will drink your blood, and then I will gnaw on your bald scalp.’ (PHL-Katamosh:030–032)
Language: Palula
Transcription: faríd teeṇíi ɡhooṣṭá hínu
Glosses: Farid REFL house-OBL be.PRS-MSG
Translation: Farid is at home [I was there and saw him].’ (PHL-20157027-elic:007)
Language: Palula
Transcription: faríd teeṇíi ɡhooṣṭá hóonsa
Glosses: Farid REFL house-OBL be-3SG
Translation: Farid is at home [he is usually at this time].’ (PHL-20157027-elic:008)
Language: Palula
Transcription: so ba maidóona=wée be ba áa khur raál the ba kar kar kar gíra koó hínee yhóoi thaní
Glosses: 3MSG.NOM TOP field-OBL=into go.CVB TOP one foot High do.CVB TOP around around around turn-3SG who be.PRS-MPL.Q come-IMP.PL QUOT
Translation: He was spinning around and around in the field, holding up one leg, [and he was calling out, saying,]“Is there anyone here [brave enough]? Come on!”’ (PHL-JangibazKhan:037–038)
Language: Palula
Transcription: ɡhrastá karáaṛa asíi xiaál ki ɡóo mheerílu heentá khóolu thaní
Glosses: wolf-OBL leopard-OBL 1PL.GEN opinion COMP maybe kill-PFV-MSG CONDL eat-PFV-MSG QUOT
Translation: We thought that perhaps a leopard or a wolf had killed and eaten him.’ (PHL-GhaziSamad:011)
Language: Palula
Transcription: áak šúma ṭeekílu ée kúṛi thíi míiši paaṇṭí ṣéeli híni tu míiš ba na
Glosses: INDF parrot.OBL call-PFV-MSG o woman 2SG.GEN man-GEN clothes dress-PFV-F be.PRS-F 2SG.NOM man TOP NEG
Translation: A parrot called out: “O woman, you have dressed like a man, but you are not a man.’ (PHL-WiseMinister:012-013)
Language: Palula
Transcription: búda hína ki phaí wíia ɡíi thaní
Glosses: understand.PFV-MPL be.PRS-MPL COMP girl water-OBL go.PFV.FSG QUOT
Translation: They understood that the girl must have thrown herself into the water.’ (PHL-ShepherdBoy:060)
Language: Palula
Transcription: miír thaní áak míiš heensílu de
Glosses: Mir QUOT INDF man exist-PFV-MSG PST
Translation: There was a man called Mir.’ (PHL-GhaziSamad:051)
Language: Palula
Transcription: dac̣háanu ta eeteeṇú=ee áak šay yhóolu maní maaxustán de maní áa šay yhóolu babár búdu ki na
Glosses: look-PRS-MSG SUB such-MSG=CONJ INDF thing come-PFV-MSG HSAY evening be.PST HSAY INDF thing come-PFV-MSG furry.thing understand.PFV-MSG or NEG
Translation: Then a creature appeared, it is said, in the evening, it is said, a furry one, you know, don’t you.’ (PHL-AyanMir1:065)
Language: Palula
Transcription: asíi atshareetá bíiḍu kir dítu hínu maní hiimeelí bi whéetim híni
Glosses: 1PL.GEN Ashret-OBL much-MSG snow fall.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG HSAY glacier-PL SEP come.down.PFV-FPL be.PRS-F
Translation: [I have been told that] a lot of snow has fallen in our [village] Ashret, and there have been avalanches as well.’ (PHL-CHN070320)
Language: Palula
Transcription: anú dhúta de baaǰá bhanǰaáana eetáai aawaáz yháandu eh rueeleé hína ɡa rueeleé ba aní sarkaarí sipaahiaán hóonsan de
Glosses: PROX.NOM.MSG mouth-OBL give.CVB harmonium beat-PRS-MPL from.there sound come-PRS-MSG oh government.official.PL be.PRS-MPL ASS government.official.PL TOP PROX official soldier-PL exist-3PL PST
Translation: I heard a sound like a harmonium being played. “Oh,” I thought, “These must be government officials, such professional soldiers they are.”’ (PHL-Hunter:067-068)
Language: Palula
Transcription: ée míi xudaáyaa ni xu uxíi rhaíi híni
Glosses: o 1SG.GEN my.God 3PL.PROX.NOM EMPH camel-GEN footprints be.PRS-F
Translation: O my God, it’s the footprints of a camel.’ (PHL-Hunter:061)
Language: Palula
Transcription: hase bohto ɡani ayio ṭeko lakitai hase obritai
Glosses: 3SG.REM.NOM stone-OBL take-CVB snake-OBL TOP-OBL let.go-PST-3SG 3SG.REM.NOM PST-die-PST-3SG
Translation: [This happened to my brother, I saw it:] ‘He took a stone and threw it at the snake. It died.’ (KHW-TMAQ-AA:174-175)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tara asini ɡak tara ɡordok hãš
Glosses: there.REM.SPC be.PST.ACT-3PL cow there.REM.SPC donkey horse
Translation: There were cows, donkeys and horses there.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: dunáaṭu bhílu hínu ki aní ba kateeeṇí ǰuánd
Glosses: think-AG-MSG become-PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM TOP what.kind-F life
Translation: He started thinking, “What a life!”’(PHL-Katamosh:057)
Language: Palula
Transcription: mããtẽẽ dac̣ina mããi tukuri kii ɡiɡeen ɡani
Glosses: around see-IPFV.3MSG 1SG.POSS-F basket who take-PFV.3PL QUOT
Translation: He looks around, thinking, “Who took my basket?”’
Language: Palula
Transcription: aatsi baloo daaš ɡani ek baaṭ daro
Glosses: come-CVB big rock QUOT one stone COP.INAN.IPFV.3
Translation: Having come there, there is a big stone called the great rock.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: eesé baačaáii bóoš zára kuṛíina heensílim de tasíi áaṣṭ zára kuṇaaká heensíla de maní
Glosses: REM king-GEN twelve thousand.PL women.PL live-PFV-FPL PST 3SG.GEN eight thousand.PL child-PL live-PFV-MPL PST HSAY
Translation: This king had twelve thousand wives, and is said to have had eight thousand children.’ (PHL-AboutAKing:007-008)
Language: Palula
Transcription: íṇc̣a maníitu hínu ki šóo ba tu thulí wháatu heentá ma tu khúum eendáa maní ba iṇc̣ áak keeṇí šíiṭi the ɡúum hínu
Glosses: bear-OBL say.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG COMP good.MSG TOP 2SG.NOM fattened come.down.PFV-MSG CONDL 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM eat-1SG like.that say-CVB TOP bear INDF cave-OBL inside to go.PFV.MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: The bear said: “Good, if you come down fattened I will eat you.” Then [lit. Having said that,] the bear went into a cave.’ (PHL-Katamosh:025-026)
Language: Palula
Transcription: iskulãĩ kùṛmuṛ bazíthe=lee hãã maasmá búṭ báč huúthe=lee
Glosses: school-GEN.F wall.FPL-ECHO go.PRS.PFV.MPL=HSAY and child.PL all saved become-PRS.PFV.MPL=HSAY
Translation: The walls of the school and stuff went down, but the children all escaped.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: mi qǽæs ǰo kudí múṭho khári níiziǰaano bo
Glosses: my guess some where tree under sleep-ABSP-is-3MSG ASS
Translation: I guess he must be asleep under a tree somewhere.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: kir dítu hínu
Glosses: snow put.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: It has snowed.’ [directly observed] (PHL-20157027-elic:001)
Language: Palula
Transcription: kir dítu hínu maní
Glosses: snow put.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG HSAY
Translation: It has snowed.’ [not seen but heard from sb else] (PHL-20157027-elic:002)
Language: Palula
Transcription: kir dítu hínu ɡa
Glosses: snow put.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG INFER
Translation: It has snowed.’ [not directly observed but inferred from other evidence, e.g. snow on somebody else’s boots] (PHL-20157027-elic:003)
Language: Palula
Transcription: him arer / him kori šer
Glosses: snow do.PST.3SG _ snow do-CVB be.INAN.PRS.ACT
Translation: It has snowed.’ [directly observed] (KHW-20157027-elic:001)
Language: Palula
Transcription: him kardu birai
Glosses: snow do.PPTC become.PST.INFER-3SG
Translation: It has snowed.’ [not seen but heard from sb else] (KHW-20157027-elic:002)
Language: Palula
Transcription: lo tu keé khóo lo xu thíi bhróo atsharíitu thíi qóom
Glosses: 3MSG.DIST.NOM 2SG.NOM why eat-3SG 3MSG.DIST.NOM EMPH 2SG.GEN brother Ashreti-MSG 2SG.GEN tribe
Translation: Why would he eat you? He is your Ashreti brother and of your own tribe.’ (PHL-GhaziSamad:019-020)
Language: Palula
Transcription: dā xo zmā wror day də bel saṛi wror na
Glosses: this.DIR EMPH 1SG.GEN brother be.PRS.3MSG of other man-OBL brother NEG
Translation: He is in fact my brother, not some other man’s brother.’
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ye maap waar
Glosses: potato eat-DUR sit.SG-EGO.SG
Translation: I’m eating potatoes.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: mamɨelɨ
Glosses: eat-NEG-NMZ.PL
Translation: those that have not been eaten
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nosrkaelɨ
Glosses: brother-NMZ.PL
Translation: brothers
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi kilkawan isɨkɨ
Glosses: 2 notebook-DAT store-IMP.SG
Translation: Store your notebook!
Language: Totoro
Transcription: yusrɨ ampɨ
Glosses: LOC-DIR go.PL-IMP.SG
Translation: You come here!
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kosroɨ
Glosses: stand.up-IMP.SG
Translation: Stand up!
Language: Totoro
Transcription: unɨchik penan
Glosses: child-DIM fall-NON.EGO
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chu penan
Glosses: where fall-NON.EGO
Translation: Where did it fall?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: yu pasran
Glosses: LOC stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: It is here.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chine marɨp pasran
Glosses: Q-3 do-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: What is she doing?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɨnɨ tɨwei kɨan
Glosses: DIST-3 just COP-NON.EGO
Translation: It is just that.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɨnɨ tɨwei kɨan
Glosses: DIST-3 only COP-NON.EGO
Translation: Is it only that?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kuaklap pasran
Glosses: boil-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: Is it boiling?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: pi=pe mani [kuaklap pasran]
Glosses: water=PD now boil-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: The water is boiling.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: wasri atruan
Glosses: sparrowhawk come.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: The sparrowhawk comes.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: wasrchikyu=pe chinɨ wai kɨor
Glosses: bag-DIM-LOC=PD Q-3 put COP-EGO.SG
Translation: What did you drop in the bag?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chinetɨ sro amtru kɨer
Glosses: Q-3-REST carry come.PL COP-EGO.PL
Translation: What did they bring?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chu pasram=kɨan chi
Glosses: where stand.SG-IRR=COP-NON.EGO Q
Translation: Where shall I put this?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: penmɨor
Glosses: fall-NEG-EGO.SG
Language: Totoro
Transcription: penmɨer
Glosses: fall-NEG-EGO.PL
Language: Totoro
Transcription: penmɨan
Glosses: fall-NEG-NON.EGO.PL
Translation: 'S/he doesn't fall.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kishmɨor
Glosses: cry-NEG-EGO.SG
Translation: I don't cry.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kishmɨer
Glosses: cry-NEG-EGO.PL
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kishmɨan
Glosses: cry-NEG-NON.EGO.PL
Translation: 'S/he doesn't cry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (na=na) pala kumtus
Glosses: (1S.(NOM)=TOP) plantain eat-IMPF-EGO
Translation: I am eating plantains.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (nu=na) pala kumtuy
Glosses: (2S.(NOM)=TOP) plantain eat-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: You are eating plantains.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (us=na) atal aynamtuy
Glosses: (3S.(NOM)=TOP) chicken cook-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: He/she is cooking chicken.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: min=ta=ma ashaptuy ?
Glosses: who=ACC=INT annoy-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: Whom am I annoying?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: shi=ma kimtus ?
Glosses: what=INT do-IMPF-EGO
Translation: What are you doing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: min=tas amtuy ?
Glosses: where=LOC-ABL come-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: 'Where is he coming from?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ichente na=pe namor
Glosses: so 1=PD get.angry-EGO.SG
Translation: Whom am I annoying?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nawai ishuk=pe kumarmɨan
Glosses: 1-GEN women=PD sing-NEG-NON.EGO
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawai noshkai yautomai yaan
Glosses: 1-GEN son Popayán-DIR go.SG-NON.EGO
Language: Totoro
Transcription: an=pe mesayu waran
Glosses: money=PD table-LOC lain.down.PL-NON.EGO
Translation: The money is on the table.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawai kek=pe kuallip pasran
Glosses: 1-GEN husband=PD work-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: My husband went to work.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: na isuapik waor
Glosses: 1 think-DUR-NMZ.SG sit.SG-EGO.SG
Translation: I think.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: yu misak incha=pe chineken pailantrap ampmɨan
Glosses: LOC people so nothing dance-PROS-DUR go.PL-NEG-NON.EGO
Translation: So, you guys aren't going to dance.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: maiyu peñor
Glosses: path-LOC fall-EGO.SG
Translation: I fell at the path.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chente mɨim=pe na=pe unɨwan payor
Glosses: then now=PD 1=PD child-DAT ask-EGO.SG
Translation: Then I asked the child.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: mɨim=pe yu wamiaap pɨntrer
Glosses: now=PD here talk-REC-NFV stand.PL-EGO.PL
Translation: Now we are talking here.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nam=pe pueblosrɨmai amper
Glosses: 1-PL=PD town-LOC.DIST-DIR go.PL-EGO.PL
Translation: We are going to town.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi=pe nawai nimpasrwan nilɨntrapɨk kɨan
Glosses: 2=PD 1-GEN daughter-DAT steal-PROS-NFV-NMZ.SG COP-NON.EGO
Translation: You are about to steal my daughter.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñim=pe kosreap kɨn
Glosses: 2=PD teach-DUR COP-NON.EGO
Translation: You guys are teaching.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nɨ=pe [peñip pasran]
Glosses: 3=PD fall-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: He ‎‎is falling.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: tulio=pe pɨn wakra putran
Glosses: field-LOC=PD three cow sit.PL-NON.EGO
Translation: The cows are seat in the field.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi=pe maik kusrenanmɨtan shente nam=pe makatɨ maramkɨan
Glosses: 2=PD well learn-CAUS-NEG-EXP-NON.EGO then 1-PL=PD how do-IRR-COP-NON.EGO
Translation: If you don’t teach well, then what should we do?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chine marɨp unkɨor ñi=pe ɨsrɨ=pe
Glosses: Q-3 do-DUR walk.SG-COP-EGO.SG 2=PD DIST-DIR=PD
Translation: What are you doing here?' (lit. What are you doing walking here?)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi=pe chine isuap wakɨor nawai Geny
Glosses: 2=PD Q-3 think-DUR sit.SG-COP-EGO.SG 1-GEN Geny
Translation: What are you thinking my Geny?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɨnɨ=pe ñi wakɨor
Glosses: DIST-3=PD 2 seat.SG-COP-EGO.SG
Translation: Are you seated in that one (bench)?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kiship wakɨor
Glosses: cry-DUR seat.SG-COP-EGO.SG
Translation: Are you crying?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chi pɨrɨ kishkɨer
Glosses: Q why cry-COP-EGO.PL
Translation: Why are you (kids) crying?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chinɨtɨ warɨkɨer
Glosses: Q-3-REST lie.PL-E-COP-EGO.PL
Translation: What did you bring?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: takiwan kucha pasrkɨer
Glosses: chagla-DAT too stand.SG-COP-EGO.PL
Translation: Did you leave the chagla sticks there too?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: uyu mɨrmɨkɨer
Glosses: here listen-NEG-COP-EGO.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: chi marku ?
Glosses: Q do-KU
Translation: What are you (SG) doing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: chi marke ?
Glosses: Q do-KE
Translation: What are you (PL) doing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ñi mana lanchititru ?
Glosses: 2/3.PROX when break-TITRU
Language: Totoro
Transcription: inɨ=pe tsik kɨan chine kalus kɨan chi
Glosses: PROX-3=PD wood COP-NO.EGO Q-3 leather COP-NO.EGO Q
Translation: Is this wood or what, leather?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: unɨ mɨk=pe ciego kɨan chi
Glosses: child man=PD blind COP-NO.EGO Q
Translation: Is the boy blind, or what?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: tsaap kuaaprain kɨantro pesanaik
Glosses: end-DUR die-DUR-NON.CONTR-NMZ COP-NON.EGO-DUB faint-NMZ.SG
Translation: There being sick at night, I fainted.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kiaprain parin kiaprain kɨan na=pe mɨintɨ kasraor
Glosses: sleep-DUR-NON.CONTR-NMZ a.lot sleep-NFV-NON.CONTR-NMZ COP-NON.EGO 1=PD now-REST wake.up-EGO.SG
Translation: ‎‎I was sleeping a lot and I barely woke up.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: na=pe kuaap sreik kɨapik kɨan na=pe srɨ kasarapik
Glosses: 1=PD die-NFV escape-NMZ.SG COP-DUR-NMZ.SG COP-NON.EGO 1=PD LOC.DIST get.married-NFV-NMZ.SG
Translation: I almost died when I was just married.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: gorro=pe muna uner
Glosses: cap=PD where walk.SG-EGO.PL
Translation: Where is the hat?’ (lit. Where is the hat walking?)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawai Geny=pe maik munik tsuwaer
Glosses: 1-GEN Geny=PD well wait-NMZ.SG lie.down-sit.SG-EGO.PL
Translation: Geny must be waiting for me? (I’m worried about it)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nakish pesrik kɨtan kashi
Glosses: smoke angry COP-EXP-NON.EGO a.bit
Translation: The smoke is bothering me a bit.’ (lit. The smoke is angry, which affects me a bit.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kana sruk tɨwei weapitan
Glosses: one stone only come.out-DUR-NMZ.E-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: [My father] just found a stone, (which the duende had hidden to make my father him sick, my father said).
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ashan=pe si kek palɨtan
Glosses: now=PD yes husband lack-E-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: Now I need a husband.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawai kek kuakɨtan
Glosses: 1-GEN husband hit-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: ‎‎My husband hit me.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawai notsak usmai larɨtan nawan
Glosses: 1-GEN sister head.down see-NMZ.SG?-EXP-NON.EGO 1-DAT
Translation: My sister looked at me with her head down.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawante kiri kɨtan chilliyu puraintrap
Glosses: 1-DAT-REST get.scared COP-EXP-NON.EGO mud-LOC go.through-go.SG-PROS-NFV
Translation: I got scared going through the mud.’ (lit. There was fear in me going through the mud.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawante kitra kɨtan
Glosses: 1-DAT-REST be.cold COP-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: I am cold.’ (lit. Cold is to me.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawante intsa kɨtan
Glosses: 1-DAT-REST laugh COP-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: I laugh.' (lit. There is laughing for me.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: mɨim=pe kana paso palɨtan
Glosses: now=PD one glass lack-NMZ.SG?-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: Now I need a glass ’ (lit. Now a glass lacks, which affects me.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɡuaranɡo=pe trumpik itrɨtan
Glosses: guarango=PD ugly smell-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: The guarango wood stinks.’ (lit. Guarango wood smells ugly, which affects me.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: tapɨ kɨtan
Glosses: well COP-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: It’s okay for me.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nawantɨ pailakɨtan
Glosses: 1-DAT-REST dance-COP-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: I want to dance.’ (lit. There is dancing for me.)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chillo palɨtan
Glosses: knife lack-NMZ.SG?-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: Do you need a knife? (lit. Does it lack a knife for you?)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: maik itrɨtan
Glosses: delicious smell-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: Does it smell delicious (according to you)?’ (lit. Does it smell good to you?)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: tapɨ kɨtan
Glosses: well COP-EXP-NON.EGO
Translation: Is it okay for you (according to you)?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: maik mutsikɨtan ñi=pe
Glosses: well drink-NMZ.SG?-COP-EXP-NON.EGO 2=PD
Translation: Do you want to drink?
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: egetomi=dyefa wãke utelï wãke , opiñïkoi uitsani , ukilï wãke
Glosses: PDEM-PURP=SS-TOP EM1 1-go.away-PNCT EM1 2-avenge-AN-PL-COP 1-EX-FUT.1 1-utter-PNCT EM1
Translation: For this purpose I remember some time ago I said, ‘I will be the one to go away as your avenger.’ (said by Kudyu at Aifa, 1980)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: tisetidyipïgïiña=tifa tiŋifanïgï .
Glosses: 1+3-come.out-ITR-VPE-BEN=EM2 1+3-teach-PS
Translation: You are right to think that on behalf of our offspring (i.e., ‘those who come out of us’), is what we teach.' (said by Kudyu at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: (afïtï=taka igeiufuŋu) taŋofïŋïtifa ... tisuge , afïtï
Glosses: denial=EM22 IDEM-unlike DIS-NLOC-resemble-EM2 1+3 denial
Translation: No, (=because of what you saw) you must know there’s got to be another kind of place where we can live, no.' (said by Kudyu at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: uletsengugi=tifa=wãke , ngikogo enïgï wãke . aifupefa .
Glosses: AFR-be-interrupted=EM2=EM1 fierce_people come-PERF EM1 end-ESS-PTP
Translation: We saw he was interrupted just as you thought he would be when he started things, we saw the fierce people come. It was all over for him.
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: u:um aŋi=laka ukuge elei ukuge
Glosses: EXP result=EM3 human_being DEM-COP human_being
Translation: I suppose that could have been human, a human being.’ (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1982)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: teŋe=seku=laka anïgï ufeke=lefa
Glosses: eat.flesh-TRNS=MIR=EM3 EQS-PFV 1-ERG=SEQ
Translation: I don’t think I was already told not to eat flesh!’ (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1982)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: tame=ma kuluta atati tuiŋalï ifeke
Glosses: CONT-FACS=EM4 flute inside REF-put-REV 3-ERG
Translation: How could he have put it back inside something like that flute?’ (said by Kambe at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: u:um tïkïtsï=maŋa tiŋuGisi Taugi kilï
Glosses: EXP RQ-ugly=EM5 REF-make-ADV NAME utter-PNCT
Translation: “Who thinks this is hard for me to make?/ that I can only make it badly?” (=”This is easy for me to make”), Taugi spoke.’ (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: tïkaiŋafïŋï=maŋa Øatsakilï atehe=gelefa wãke
Glosses: RQ-DEST-resemble=EM5 3-run-TRNS-PNCT PER=still-TOP EM1
Translation: Who thinks they still don’t run up to some place as they had done in the past?' (Leader’s talk, spoken by Ageu at Aifa, 1998)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: igetomi=kaŋafa igei
Glosses: take.away-PURP=EM6-TOP IDEM
Translation: Although it was unlikely I would be escorted/led for that,
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: ukwotofeke=kiŋi atïfïgïko igetomi .
Glosses: dual-relative-ERG=EM11 EQS-IMP-PL take.away-PURP
Translation: regrettably I let our relative (parent) be our escort/ leader.’ (said by Kambe at Aifa, 1980)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: uege=kaŋa tetatiga ufïgi ïki .
Glosses: you=EM6 go.to-CONT-HAB 1-arrow bring-INST
Translation: I can hardly count on you to always go to bring my arrows to me (=i.e., ‘shoot me’).' (said by Kudyu at Aifa, 1980)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: aŋi=nika inde uokuŋita iŋilï efekene
Glosses: result=EM7 here 1-liquid.food-TRNS-CONT 3-see-PNCT 2-ERG-PL
Translation: You might have seen those who make my food around here.’ (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1978)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: afïtï=nika=wãke endisïfuŋu=wãke , tiŋiŋilïi wãke .
Glosses: denial=EM7=EM1 2-daughter-resemble=EM1 1+3-see-PNCT-COP EM1
Translation: How could we have known if that was the daughter (about whom you wished for) we saw before?' (said by Ugaki at Aifa, 1982)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: kukiñetiñï=nika=ale igei , nïgïtifeke tufitsufeke .
Glosses: 2-poison-TRNS-AN=EM7=always IDEM QUOT–EV-PRSP REF-wife-PRSP
Translation: “You seem to think this might always poison us don’t you”, that’s what he said to his wife' (said by Ugaki at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: kuaku iŋitïfïgï=nikafa uege , tuwakuati .
Glosses: nightjar bring-IMP=EM7-TOP you water-into-ADV
Translation: You’re the person the nightjars wanted to bring into the water, aren’t you’. (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: ah umukugu apuŋuiŋoti=nika isi kiŋalï
Glosses: EXP my-son-POSS die-FUT.2-DES=EM7 3.mother utter-INCEP
Translation: “The fact is my son wants to die later, doesn’t he,” his mother began to say.' (said by Kudyu at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: igifagafïtï anetugu uŋu anïgï=tata ifeke
Glosses: settlement.name leader-POSS house EQS-PFVS=EM8 1-ERG
Translation: Possibly the Igifagafiti leader has a house.’ (said by Kudyu at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: lepene øatundilï=tata ifeke
Glosses: then 3-tap-TRNS-PNCT=EM8 3-ERG
Translation: Then I think she might have tapped on it’ (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: tïseku=ma egei uetigitegïki gatiga .
Glosses: RQ-MIR=EM5 ADEM 1-peanuts-POSS-INST make-HAB
Translation: What is this here? Someone’s messing with my peanuts.
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: eŋï otoni inïgïko=fïna=sekufa .
Glosses: reason food-non-existent EX-PFV-PL=EM9=MIR-TOP
Translation: Could it be that’s because they don’t have any food of their own?’ (said by Kambe at Aifa 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: adyafi=fïna itsa
Glosses: owl=EM9 EX-CONT
Translation: That could be an adafi I’m seeing.’ (said by Tufule at Aifa, 1979)
Language: Matipuhy
Transcription: ukuge wende ekinu kohi ufeke
Glosses: person over.there 2-utter-non-existent EM10-COP 1-PRSP
Translation: Why didn’t you tell me there was someone over there?' (said by Olafu at Aifa, 1979)