lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *jaddal-at sāra šaʕr-ha tejdīl ħolow .
Glosses: braid.PST-3F.SG Sara hair.M.SG-F.SG.POSS braiding.M.SG beautiful.M.SG
Translation: Sara braided her hair a nice braiding [= braided her hair nicely].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *kwwam-at sāra l-mxedd-āt tekwīm ʕali .
Glosses: pile.PST-3F.SG Sara the-cushion-F.PL piling.M.SG high.M.SG
Translation: Sara piled the cushions a high piling [=piled the cushions high].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hāy al-qeṭʕ-a rafīʕ-a .
Glosses: this.F.SG the-slice/piece-F.SG thin-F.SG
Translation: This piece/slice is thin.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (=20a) qaṭṭaʕ-at sāra al-jazar-a rafīʕ/*rafīʕ-a .
Glosses:  slice.PST-3F.SG Sara the-carrot-F.SG thin.M.SG / thin-F.SG
Translation: Sara sliced the carrot thin.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: r-rabṭ-āt šadīd-e/šdād .
Glosses: the-tie-F.PL tight-F.SG/tight.BP
Translation: The ties/knots are tight.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (=20c) rabaṭ aħmad r-rabbaṭ-āt šadīd/* šadīd-e/*šdād .
Glosses:  tie.PST.3M.SG Ahmad the-shoelace-F.PL tight.M.SG/tight-F.SG/tight.BP
Translation: Ahmad tied the shoelaces tight.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: qaṭṭaʕ-at sāra al-jazar-a soxn-e/*soxen .
Glosses: slice.PST-3F.SG Sara the-carrot-F.SG hot-F.SG/hot.M.SG
Translation: Sara sliced the carrot hot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: al-jazar-a soxn-e .
Glosses: the-carrot-F.SG hot-F.SG
Translation: The carrot is hot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: al-korsi maksūr .
Glosses: the-chair.M.SG broken.M.SG
Translation: The chair is broken.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: balš-ī fi l-malfūf-e , ʔfrm-ī-ha nāʕem nāʕem nāʕem .
Glosses: start-2F.SG.IMP in the-cabbage-F.SG chop-2F.SG.IMP-it . fine . fine . fine . 
Translation: Start with the cabbage and chop it very, very fine.’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbvQrNUfowc
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: badna n-qaṭṭeʕ ktīr ktīr nāʕem al-bandor-a .
Glosses: we want 1PL-slice much much fine . the-tomato 
Translation: We want to slice the tomato very, very fine.’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c1zzzbXrcw
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: qaṭṭaʕ-at sāra al-jazar-a taqṭīʕ rafīʕ .
Glosses: slice.PST-3F.SG Sara the-carrot-F.SG slicing.M.SG thin.M.SG
Translation: Sara slice the carrot a thin slicing.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *rafs-at mari al-bāb la-qeṭaʕ zġīr-e .
Glosses: kick.PST-3F.SG Mary the-door into-pieces.BP small-F.SG
Translation: Mary kicked the door into small pieces.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *akl-at mari aḏāfer-ha la-qeṭaʕ .
Glosses: eat.PST-3F.SG Mary nails.BP-F.SG.POSS to-pieces.BP [BP=broken plural; see Table 1]
Translation: Mary chewed her nails to bits.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: raqs-at jūwwa al-ġorfe .
Glosses: dance.PST-3F.SG into the-room
Translation: She danced into the room.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: qaṭṭaʕ-et al-jazar-āt la-qeṭaʕ zġīr-e .
Glosses: slice.PST-1SG the-carrot-F.PL into-pieces.BP small-F.SG
Translation: I sliced the carrots into small pieces.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ṭ-ṭawl-e θ-θābt-e
Glosses: the-table-F.SG the-strong-F.SG
Translation: the strong table
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *jaddal-at sāra šaʕr-ha b-ṭarīq-a mrttab-e w šadīd .
Glosses: braid.PST-3F.SG Sara hair.M.SG-F.SG.POSS in-way-F.SG tidy-F.SG and tight.M.SG
Translation: Sara braided her hair in a tidy way and tight.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #jaddal-at sāra šaʕr-ha rāxi w mnīħ .
Glosses: braid.PST-3F.SG Sara hair.M.SG-F.SG.POSS loose.M.SG and good.M.SG
Translation: #‘Sara braided her hair good ‘n’ loose.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ġassal-et šaʕr-i w essa mnīħ w nḏīf .
Glosses: wash.PST-1SG hair-1SG.POSS and now good.M.SG and clean.M.SG
Translation: I washed my hair and now it is clean and (looks) good.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: La niñ-a estaba castigad-a .
Glosses: the(F) child-F was grounded-F
Translation: The girl was grounded.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El niñ-o estaba castigad-o .
Glosses: the(M) child-M was grounded-M
Translation: The boy was grounded.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: La manzana estaba sabros-a .
Glosses: the(F) apple(F) was tasty-F
Translation: The apple was tasty.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El plátano estaba sabros-o .
Glosses: the(M) banana(M) was tasty-M
Translation: The banana was tasty.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Marta se compró la camiseta que estaba al lado de la falda/ del vestido y Miren cogió otr-a para salir de fiesta .
Glosses: Marta herself bought the(F) t-shirt(F) that was at.the side of the(F) skirt(F)/ of.the(M) dress(M) and Miren took another-F to go of party
Translation: Marta bought herself the t-shirt that was next to the skirt/the dress and Miren took another to go to the party.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Marta se compró la camiseta que estaba al lado de la falda/ del vestido y Miren cogió otr-o para salir de fiesta .
Glosses: Marta herself bought the(F) t-shirt(F) that was at.the side of the(F) skirt(F)/ of.the(M) dress(M) and Miren took another-M to go of party
Translation: Marta bought herself the t-shirt that was next to the skirt/the dress and Miren took another to go to the party.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Rafaela perdió el colgante que junto con el anillo/ la sortija siempre llevaba y Mónica recuperó otr-o/ otr-a que había perdido años atrás .
Glosses: Rafaela lost the(M) necklace(M) that together with the(M) ring(M) the(F) ring(F) always wore and Mónica recovered another-M another-F that had lost years back
Translation: Rafaela lost the necklace that together with the ring she always wore and Mónica recovered another that she had lost years before.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El nombre del niñ-o (de los niñ-o-s)/ de la niñ-a (de las niñ-a-s) era alemán […]
Glosses: the name(M).SG of.the child-M.SG of the child-M-PL of the child-F.SG of the child-F-PL was German.M
Translation: The name of the child(ren) was German […]
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Los nombre-s del niñ-o (de los niñ-o-s)/ de la niñ-a (de las niñ-a-s) eran alemán […]
Glosses: the name(M)-PL of.the child-M.SG of the child-M -PL of the child-F.SG of the child-F-PL were German.M
Translation: The names of the child(ren) were German […]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: La compañer-a de la carter-a parecía muy content-a de poder ayudar a repartir .
Glosses: the partner-F of the postwoman-F seemed very happy-F to able help to deliver
Translation: The colleague of the postwoman seemed very happy to help with the delivery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: La compañer-a del carter-o parecía muy content-a de poder ayudar a repartir .
Glosses: the partner-F of.the postman-M seemed very happy-F to able help to deliver
Translation: The colleague of the postman seemed very happy to help with the delivery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *El compañer-o de la carter-a parecía muy content-a de poder ayudar a repartir .
Glosses: the partner-M of the postwoman-F seemed very happy-F to able help to deliver
Translation: The colleague of the postwoman seemed very happy to help with the delivery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *El compañer-o del carter-o parecía muy content-a de poder ayudar a repartir .
Glosses: the partner-M of.the postman-M seemed very happy-F to able help to deliver
Translation: The colleague of the postman seemed very happy to help with the delivery.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: La madera de la puerta era realmente dur-a y aguantaba sin problemas .
Glosses: the wood(F) of the door(F) was really hard-F and resisted without problems
Translation: The wood of the door was really hard and resisted without problems.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: La madera del cuadro era realmente dur-a y aguantaba sin problemas .
Glosses: the wood(F) of.the painting(M) was really hard-F and resisted without problems
Translation: The wood of the painting was really hard and resisted without problems.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *El marco de la puerta era realmente dur-a y aguantaba sin problemas .
Glosses: the frame(M) of the door(F) was really hard-F and resisted without problems
Translation: The door frame was really hard and resisted without problems.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *El marco del cuadro era realmente dur-a y aguantaba sin problemas .
Glosses: the frame(M) of.the painting(M) was really hard-F and resisted without problems
Translation: The frame of the painting was really hard and resisted without problems.
Language: Portuguese
Transcription: [segura mas lenta]-mente
Glosses: sure but slow-ADV
Translation: surely but slowly
Language: Portuguese
Transcription: [pré e pós]-guerra
Glosses: before and after-war
Translation: pre-war and post-war
Language: Portuguese
Transcription: [luso ou afro]-asiáticos
Glosses: Luso or Afro-Asiatic
Translation: Luso-Asiatic or Afro-Asiatic
Language: Portuguese
Transcription: *[acampa e acantona]-mento
Glosses: camp and shelter-ing
Translation: Intended: *‘camping and sheltering
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-k t’abaxi-Ø çx-u .2
Glosses: Ali-ERG plate-NOM wash-3PST
Translation: Ali washed the plate.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-k k’iy-u .
Glosses: Ali-ERG scream-3PST
Translation: Ali screamed.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-Ø mo-xt-u .
Glosses: Ali-NOM PV-come-3PST
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: K’at’u-k p’iy-u .
Glosses: cat-ERG meow-3PST
Translation: The cat meowed.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Purki-k msk’va gont’-u .
Glosses: flower-ERG nice smell-3PST
Translation: The flower smelled nice.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ayna-k farfal-u .
Glosses: mirror-ERG shine-3PST
Translation: The mirror shined.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere-k i-bir-u .
Glosses: child-ERG VAL-play-3PST
Translation: The child played.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere-k i-gzal-u .
Glosses: child-ERG VAL-walk-3PST
Translation: The child walked.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-k t’abaxi çx-am-s .
Glosses: Ali-ERG plate wash-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali is washing the plate.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-k k’iy-am-s .
Glosses: Ali-ERG scream-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali is screaming.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali mo-l-u-n .
Glosses: Ali PV-come-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali is coming.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-k i-çaliş-am-s .
Glosses: Ali-ERG VAL-work-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali is working.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ahmedi-k dişk’a mo-ğ-am-s .
Glosses: Ahmet-ERG wood PV-bring-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ahmet is bringing the wood.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Balon-epe t’vats-u-n .
Glosses: balloon-PL pop-TS-3COP
Translation: The balloons are popping.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Tzari nçx-u-n .
Glosses: water heat-TS-3COP
Translation: The water is heating up.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere nca-şe ey-ul-u-n .
Glosses: child tree-ALL PV-climb-TS-3COP
Translation: The child is climbing the tree.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Dişk’a m-i-ğ-e-n .
Glosses: wood PV-VAL-bring-TS-3PRS
Translation: Someone is bringing the wood.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Oxori i-tzopx-e-n .
Glosses: house VAL-build-TS-3PRS
Translation: Someone is building the house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: İ-çaliş-in-e-n .
Glosses: VAL-work-CAUS-TS-3PRS
Translation: People are working.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mo-i-lv-in-e-n .
Glosses: PV-VAL-come-CAUS-TS-3PRS
Translation: People are coming.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma yali-s Ali b-dzir-i .
Glosses: I mirror-DAT Ali 1-see-1PST
Translation: I saw Ali in the mirror.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma yali-s çendi b-dzir-i .
Glosses: I mirror-DAT self 1-see-1PST
Translation: I saw myself in the mirror.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma yali-s v-i-dzir-i .
Glosses: I mirror-DAT 1-REFL-see-1PST
Translation: I saw myself in the mirror.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: *Ma yali-s çendi v-i-dzir-i .
Glosses: I mirror-DAT self 1-REFL-see-1PST
Translation: I saw myself in the mirror.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma Ali b-dzir-i .
Glosses: I Ali 1SBJ-see-1PST
Translation: I saw Ali.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma si g-dzir-i .
Glosses: I you 2OBJ-see-1PST
Translation: I saw you.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma si *b-g-dzir-i .
Glosses: I you 1SBJ-1OBJ-see-1PST
Translation: I saw you.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere-k i-mbon-u .
Glosses: child-ERG VAL-wash-3PST
Translation: The child washed.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Nani-k bere-s o-mbon-ap-u .
Glosses: mother-ERG child-DAT VAL-wash-CAUS-3PST
Translation: The mother made the child wash himself.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ar oxori mv-i-rg-e-n .
Glosses: a house PV-VAL-build-TS-3PRS
Translation: A house is being built.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ar oxori xordza-s mv-a-rg-e-n .
Glosses: a house woman-dat PV-appl-build-TS-3prs
Translation: A house is being built for the woman.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere-şi o-mbon-u / *o-i-mbon-u .
Glosses: child-GEN NMZL-wash-NMZL / NMZL-VAL-wash-NMZL
Translation: The child’s washing (himself)
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Mbon-eri / *i-mbon-eri , bere-k lebe-pe-muşi ko-gam-i-yon-u .
Glosses: wash-PTCP / VAL-wash-PTCP child-ERG dirt-PL-3POSS PV-PV-VAL-rid.off-3PST
Translation: Washing himself, the child got rid off the dirts on him.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Cami k’asi-te amolva şeni ç’ak’uç’i-te i-t’ax-e-n .
Glosses: window intention-with enter for hammer-with VAL-break-TS-3PRS
Translation: The window is intentionally broken with a hammer in order to enter (the place).
Language: Irish
Transcription: Chonaic siad a chéile .
Glosses: see.PST they each.other
Translation: They saw each other.
Language: Irish
Transcription: Táthar a’ strócadh a chéile .
Glosses: be.PR.IMPERS tear.PROG each.other
Translation: People are tearing each other apart.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k çendi-Ø var msk’v-am-s .11
Glosses: Ali-ERG self-NOM NEG praise-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali does not praise himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Çendi-Ø var i-msk’v-e-n .
Glosses: self-NOM NEG VAL-praise-TS-3PRS
Translation: One does not praise himself.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ek’na mol-i-dz-e-n .
Glosses: door PV-VAL-close-TS-3PRS
Translation: The door is being closed (by someone).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kapı (kendiliğ-in-den/*biri tarafından) kapa-n-ıyor .
Glosses: door self-3POSS-ABL/ someone by close-NACT-IMPF
Translation: The door closes by itself/*by someone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kapı (biri tarafından/ * kendiliğ-in-den) kapa-t-ıl-ıyor .
Glosses: door someone by/ self-3POSS-ABL close-CAUS-PASS-IMPF
Translation: The door is being closed by someone/*by itself.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k i-gzal-am-s .
Glosses: Ali-ERG VAL-walk-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali is walking.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere mo-l-u-n .
Glosses: child PV-come-TS-3COP
Translation: The child is coming.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ham metali matzindi oyapu şeni ndrukh-u-n .
Glosses: this metal ring make for bend-TS-3PRS
Translation: *This metal is bending to make a ring.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Yaği xalva oyapu şeni ndgul-u-n .
Glosses: butter halva make for melt-TS-3PRS
Translation: *The butter is melting to make halva.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Noti k’elemi-te Ali-s parti goşinu şeni nç’ar-u-n .
Glosses: note pen-with Ali-DAT party remind for write-TS-3PRS
Translation: The note is written (in a written state) with a pen to remind Ali the party.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Çendi ndrukh-u-n .
Glosses: self bend-TS-PRES.3PS
Translation: Something is bending itself.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Çendi i-ndrikh-e-n .
Glosses: self VAL-bend-TS-3PRS
Translation: Somone is bending himself.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Çendi cari oşkhomu şeni araba-te m-ul-u-n .
Glosses: self food eat for car-with PV-come-CAUS-TS-3PRS
Translation: He is coming (i.e. bringing himself) to have dinner by car.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Çendi cari oşkhomu şeni araba-te mo-i-lv-in-e-n .
Glosses: self food eat for car-with PV-VAL-come-CAUS-TS-3PRS
Translation: People are coming (i.e.bringing themselves) to have dinner by car.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ham metali ndrukh-u-n .
Glosses: this metal bend-TS-PRES.3PS
Translation: The metal is bendable/bending/can bend.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ham metali i-ndrikh-e-n .
Glosses: this metal.NOM VAL-bend-TS-3PRS
Translation: This metal is being bent/bending.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ombri purk-u-n .
Glosses: plum.tree bloom-TS-3PRS
Translation: The plum tree blooms/is blooming.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: K’romi liç’-u-n .
Glosses: onion sprout-TS-3PRS
Translation: The onion sprouts.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Topuri liç’-u-n .
Glosses: honey crystalize-TS-3PRS
Translation: The honey crystalizes.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Lazut’i xind-u-n .
Glosses: corn fade-TS-3PRS
Translation: The corn plant is fading.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ombri bere-pe oxelu şeni purk-u-n .
Glosses: plum.tree child-PL make.happy for bloom-TS-3PRS
Translation: The plum tree is blooming to make the children happy.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ombri-k bere-pe oxelu şeni i-purk-am-s .
Glosses: plum.tree-ERG child-PL make.happy for VAL-bloom-TS-3PRS
Translation: The plum tree is blooming to make the children happy.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k i-bgar-u .
Glosses: Ali-ERG VAL-cry-3PST
Translation: Ali cried.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: *Ahmedi-k Ali o-bgar-u .
Glosses: Ahmed-ERG Ali VAL-cry-3PS
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ahmedi-k Ali o-bgar-ap-u .
Glosses: Ahmed-ERG Ali VAL-cry-CAUS-3PST
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k t’abaxi çx-u .
Glosses: Ali-ERG plate wash-3PST
Translation: Ali washed the plate.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Xordza-k Ali-s t’abaxi o-çx-ap-u .
Glosses: woman-ERG Ali-DAT plate VAL-wash-CAUS-3PST
Translation: The woman made Ali wash the plate.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: *Ali-k ar vorsi nciri i-ncir-u .16
Glosses: Ali-ERG a great sleep VAL-sleep-3PST
Translation: Ali sleept a great sleep.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali uyku uyu-yor .
Glosses: Ali sleep sleep-IMPF
Translation: Ali is sleeping (a sleep).
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ntsa-k gurgul-am-s .
Glosses: sky-ERG clap-TS-3PRS
Translation: The sky is thundering.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Gurgula ce-xt’-u .
Glosses: thunder PV-fall-3PST
Translation: Thunder struck.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ntsa-k gurgula ik’-um-s .
Glosses: sky-ERG thunder make-TS-3PRS
Translation: The sky is making thunder claps.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: *Ntsa-k ar vorsi gurgula gurgul-u .
Glosses: sky-ERG a good thunder clap-3PST
Translation: The sky thundered a great thunder.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Çiçek güzel bir koku kok-uyor .
Glosses: flower nice a smell smell-IMPF
Translation: The flower smells a nice smell.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ntsa-k ar vorsi gurgul-u .
Glosses: sky-ERG a good clap-3PST
Translation: The sky thundered a great (thunder).
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ko’çi-k si bere g-u-ncğon-u .
Glosses: man-ERG you.DAT child 2OBJ-APPL-send-3PST
Translation: The man sent the child to you.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bere-s Ali a-cer-u .
Glosses: child-DAT Ali APPL-believe-3PST
Translation: The child believed Ali.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k past’a şk’om-u .
Glosses: Ali-ERG cake eat-3PST
Translation: Ali ate (some) cake.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k past’a o-şk’om-u .
Glosses: Ali-ERG cake PV-eat-3PST
Translation: Ali ate the (whole) cake.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Cami t’ax-eri on .
Glosses: glass break-PRTC 3COP
Translation: The glass is broken.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Cami t’ax-eri do-sk’ud-u .
Glosses: glass break-PRTC PV-remain-3PST
Translation: The glass remained broken.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma dişk’a me-v-i-ğ-am-Ø .
Glosses: I wood PV-1SBJ-bring-TS-1PRS
Translation: I am bringing wood.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma para m-i-ğ-u-n .
Glosses: I money 1OBJ-APPL-bring-TS-3PRS
Translation: I have money.’ (Lit: Money is brought to me)
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ali-k Ayşe o-cer-am-s .
Glosses: Ali-ERG Ayşe VAL-convince-TS-3PRS
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ayşe-s muti var a-cer-e-n .
Glosses: Ayşe-DAT nothing NEG APPL-believe-TS-3PRS
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Ma ham m-i-şk’-u-n .
Glosses: I this 1OBJ-APPL-send-TS-3PRS
Translation: I know this. (Lit: This is sent to me)
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Nana-k bere soti var o-şk’-um-s .
Glosses: mother-ERG child anywhere NEG-VAL -send-TS-3PRS
Translation: The mother does not send the child anywhere.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali-s baba-muşi g-a-nç’el-e-n .
Glosses: Ali-DAT father-his PV-APL-miss-TS-3PRS
Translation: Ali misses his father.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Koç-epe-k bere-s cenç’areri u-ncğon-es .
Glosses: man-PL-ERG child-DAT money APL-send-3PL-PST
Translation: The men sent the money to the child.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ma bere-s pasta v-u-ç’v-i .
Glosses: I child-DAT cake 1-APL-bake-1PST
Translation: I baked the child a cake.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Cam-epe bomba-te i-t’ax-u .
Glosses: window-PL bomb-with VAL-break-3PST
Translation: Windows were broken with the bomb.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: *Cam-epe zelzele-te i-t’ax-u .
Glosses: window-PL earthquake-with VAL-break-3PST
Translation: Windows were broken from the earthquake.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Cam-epe zelzele-s i-t’ax-u .
Glosses: window-PL bomb-LOC VAL-break-3PST
Translation: Windows were broken during the earthquake.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Bomba-k cam-epe t’ax-u .
Glosses: bomb-ERG windw-PL break-3PST
Translation: The bomb broke the windows.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Zelzele-k cam-epe t’ax-u .
Glosses: earthquake-ERG window-PL break-3PST
Translation: The earthquake broke the windows.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: Çendi-k Ali dzir-u .
Glosses: self-ERG Ali see-3PST
Translation: Self saw Ali.
Language: Atina-Pazar
Transcription: *Ali-k ar vorsi nciri ncir-u .
Glosses: Ali-ERG a great sleep VAL-sleep-3PST
Translation: Ali slept a great sleep.
Language: Basque
Transcription: Nik negar egin dut .
Glosses: I.ERG cry done have.1SG.ERG
Translation: I have cried.
Language: Chukchi
Transcription: ətləg-e mətqəmət (kawkaw-ək) kili-nin
Glosses: father-ERG butter.ABS bread-LOC spread.on-3SG>3SG
Translation: The father spread the butter (on the bread).
Language: Chukchi
Transcription: tləg-ən (kawkaw-ək) mətqə-rkele-nen
Glosses: father-ABS bread-LOC butter-spread.on-3SG>3SG
Translation: The father spread butter (on the bread).’ (Baker and Bobaljik 2017: 20)
Language: Southern Tiwa
Transcription: Ti-seuan-mu-ban .
Glosses: 1SS/AO-man-see-PST
Translation: I saw the/a man.
Language: Southern Tiwa
Transcription: Seuan-ide ti-mu-ban .
Glosses: man-SG 1SS/AO-see-PST
Translation: I saw the/a man.
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: János újságo-t olvas .
Glosses: John newspaper-ACC reads
Translation: John is engaged in newspaper-reading.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wo wird Max wohnen ?
Glosses: where will Max stay
Translation: Where will Max stay?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wo wird Max denn wohnen ?
Glosses: where will Max QDIP stay
Translation: Where will Max DENN stay?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Wem₁ [ hat [ denn [ Max t₁ die Professorin vorgestellt ?]]]]
Glosses:  who  has  QDIP  Max  the professor introduced
Translation: Who did Max introduce the professor to?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Wem₂ [ hat [ er₁ Max₃ [ denn [ t₁ t₂ t₃ vorgestellt ?]]]]]
Glosses:  who  has  he Max  QDIP  introduced
Translation: Who did he introduce Max to?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wie denkst du , dass es denn weitergehen soll mit euch ?
Glosses: how think you that it QDIP on-go should with you.PL
Translation: How do you think that the two of you should carry on?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Wer hat bedauert [dass die Gäste denn zu spät gekommen sind]?
Glosses: who has regretted that the guests QDIP too late come are
Translation: Who regretted that the guests arrived too late?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Wer hat sich gefreut [dass die Kinder denn einen Hund bekommen haben]?
Glosses: who has REFL rejoiced that the children QDIP a dog gotten have
Translation: Who was happy that the children got a dog?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Welche von diesen Leuten haben denn gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse anbauen darf ?
Glosses: which of these people have QDIP meant that the gardener the vegetables plant may
Translation: Which of these people thought DENN that the gardener may plant the vegetables?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Welche von diesen Leuten haben jetzt gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse anbauen darf ?
Glosses: which of these people have non-QDIP meant that the gardener the vegetables plant may
Translation: Which of these people thought JETZT that the gardener may plant the vegetables?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Manche von diesen Leuten haben denn gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse anbauen darf .
Glosses: some of these people have QDIP meant that the gardener the vegetables plant may
Translation: *‘Some of these people thought DENN that the gardener may plant the vegetables.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Manche von diesen Leuten haben jetzt gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse anbauen darf .
Glosses: some of these people have non-QDIP meant that the gardener the vegetables plant may
Translation: Some of these people thought JETZT that the gardener may plant the vegetables.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Welche von diesen Leuten haben gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse denn anbauen darf ?
Glosses: which of these people have meant that the gardener the vegetables QDIP plant may
Translation: *‘Which of these people thought that the gardener may DENN plant the vegetables?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Welche von diesen Leuten haben gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse jetzt anbauen darf ?
Glosses: which of these people have meant that the gardener the vegetables non-QDIP plant may
Translation: Which of these people thought that the gardener may JETZT plant the vegetables?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Manche von diesen Leuten haben gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse denn anbauen darf .
Glosses: some of these people have meant that the gardener the vegetables QDIP plant may
Translation: *‘Some of these people thought that the gardener may DENN plant the vegetables.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Manche von diesen Leuten haben gemeint , dass der Gärtner das Gemüse jetzt anbauen darf .
Glosses: Some of these people have meant that the gardener the vegetables non-QDIP plant may
Translation: Some of these people thought that the gardener may JETZT plant the vegetables.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wer hat denn gemeint , dass der Türsteher den Musiker abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who has QDIP meant that the bouncer the musician away.turn should
Translation: Who thought DENN that the bouncer should turn away the musician?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wer hat jetzt gemeint , dass der Türsteher den Musiker abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who has non-QDIP meant that the bouncer the musician away.turn should
Translation: Who thought JETZT that the bouncer should turn away the musician?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wen hast du denn gemeint , dass der Türsteher abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who.ACC have you QDIP meant that the bouncer away.turn should
Translation: Who did you DENN think that the bouncer should turn away?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wen hast du jetzt gemeint , dass der Türsteher abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who.ACC have you non-QDIP meant that the bouncer away.turn should
Translation: Who did you JETZT think that the bouncer should turn away?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Wer hat gemeint , dass der Türsteher den Musiker denn abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who has meant that the bouncer the musician QDIP away.turn should
Translation: *‘Who thought that the bouncer should DENN turn away the musician?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wer hat gemeint , dass der Türsteher den Musiker jetzt abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who has meant that the bouncer the musician non-QDiP away.turn should
Translation: Who thought that the bouncer should turn away JETZT the musician?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wen hast du gemeint , dass der Türsteher denn abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who.ACC have you meant that the bouncer QDIP away.turn should
Translation: Who did you think that the bouncer should DENN turn away?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wen hast du gemeint , dass der Türsteher jetzt abweisen soll ?
Glosses: who.ACC have you meant that the bouncer non-QDiP away.turn should
Translation: Who did you think that the bouncer should JETZT turn away?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Christine fragt , warum Klaus denn so blass ist .
Glosses: Christine asks why Klaus QDIP so pale is
Translation: Christine asks why Klaus is DENN so pale.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Christine weiß nicht , warum Klaus denn so blass ist .
Glosses: Christine knows not why Klaus QDIP so pale is
Translation: Christine doesn’t know why Klaus is DENN so pale.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Christine weiß , warum Klaus denn so blass ist .
Glosses: Christine knows why Klaus QDIP so pale is
Translation: Christine knows why Klaus is DENN so pale.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Glaubst du , dass dieser Mann denn ernsthaft eine Beziehung führen möchte ?
Glosses: Believe you that this man QDIP seriously a relationship wants conduct
Translation: Do you think that this man DENN seriously wants to be in a relationship?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (…) ob Adorno (…) glaube , dass man denn wirklich alle Menschen belasten müsse mit Grundsatzproblematik und Reflexionsaufwand , (…)
Glosses: (…) if Adorno (…) believe that one QDIP really all people bother should with fundamental.problems and reflection.trouble (…)
Translation: (…) whether Adorno thinks that one DENN really should bother everybody with fundamental problems and reflection (…)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wen hat Max denn gesehen ?
Glosses: whom hat Max QDIP seen
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Max hat Anne denn gesehen .
Glosses: Max has Anne QDIP seen . 
Translation: Max saw Anne. (=19a)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Max wird wo denn wohnen ?
Glosses: Max will where QDIP stay
Translation: Max will DENN stay where?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Wer hat den Unfall fotografiert [bevor die Polizei denn am Ort war]?
Glosses: who has the accident photographed before the police QDIP at place was
Translation: Who took picture of the accident before the police was present?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Wem hat der Papst zugewunken [ohne ihn denn anzusehen]?
Glosses: who has the pope waved-at without him QDIP look-at
Translation: Who did the pope wave at without looking at him?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Was schaust du denn (*was) so dumm !
Glosses: what look you QDIP (*what) so stupid
Translation: Why do you look so stupid!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Iss nur von dem Kuchen !
Glosses: eat NUR from the cake
Translation: Discourse particle reading: ‘Go ahead and have some of this cake! (Don’t be shy.)’ Counterpart reading: ‘Eat only from the cake! (Don’t touch the other food you may see.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Enas anthropos bike sto limani me toh skafos tu .
Glosses: A.NOM human.NOM entered in-the.ACC harbor.ACC with the.ACC boat.ACC his . 
Translation: A person entered the harbor with his boat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anthropos odigai to karavi .
Glosses: Human.NOM drives the.ACC boat.ACC
Translation: man drives the boat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tegnap este [Marinak] muttatam be Pétert .
Glosses: Last night Mary.DAT introduced.I PERF Peter.ACC
Translation: It was to Mary that I introduced Peter last night.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tegnap este be muttatam Pétert [Marinak].
Glosses: Last night PERF introduced.I Peter.ACC Mary.DAT
Translation: Last night I introduced Peter to Mary.’ (Kiss, 1998: 247)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Mari [egy kalapot] is nézett ki magának .
Glosses: Mary a hat.ACC also picked out herself.DAT
Translation: ?‘It was also a hat that Mary picked for herself.’ (Kiss, 1998: 252)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dh: FIGHT ONE PUNCH 
Glosses: ndh:  SLAP
Translation: They fought and one of them punched and slapped the other.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒmen xuǎn Zhāngsān *(dāng) zǒngtǒng . (Y .-H . Audrey Li 1985: 271)
Glosses: 1PL elect Zhangsan act.as president 
Translation: We elected Zhangsan to act as president.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tāmen rènwéi [. Zhāngsān *(shì) tiāncái].
Glosses: 3PL think Zhangsan  be genius
Translation: They think that Zhangsan is a genius.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tāmen [ bǎ Zhāngsān dāng tiāncái].
Glosses: 3PL  BA Zhangsan consider genius
Translation: They consider Zhangsan a genius.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tāmen rènwéi [. Zhāngsān hěn cōngmíng].
Glosses: 3PL think  Zhangsan very be.intelligent
Translation: They think that Zhangsan is intelligent.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhāngsān hěn cōngmíng .
Glosses: Zhangsan very be.intelligent
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒmen [ bǎ [ gǔcāng [ shuā-chéng] [ hóngsè ]].
Glosses: 1PL  BA  barn  paint-become  red.colour
Translation: We painted the barn red.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā [. PRO guāng -zhe shēnzi] chī ròu .
Glosses: 3SG  be.bare-IMP body eat meat
Translation: He eats meat nude.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā [ shēng-chī] niúròu .
Glosses: 3SG  raw    -eat beef
Translation: He eats beef raw.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: %Tā rèrède hē yī bēi chá . (Zhu Dexi 1961: 4 , footnote 3 , slightly
Glosses: 3SG hot drink 1 cup tea changed; also cf . Sobelman 1982)6
Translation: She drank a cup of tea very hot.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā hē -le yī bēi rèrè de chá .
Glosses: 3SG drink-PERF 1 cup hot SUB tea
Translation: She drank a cup of very hot tea.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā (*nóngnóngde) qī -le yī hú nóngnóng de chá
Glosses: 3SG strong brew -PERF 1 pot strong SUB tea
Translation: She brewed a pot of strong tea.’7
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Xūxīn [ t [ shǐ [ rén [ jìnbù ]]]]. (Yang Daran 2003: 368–369;
Glosses: modesty   make  people  advance his bracketing)
Translation: Modesty makes people advance.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Shǐ [ xiānjìn de [ Ø]] [ PRO gèngjiā xiānjìn ]. (Lü Shuxiang 2000: 494;
Glosses: make  advance SUB  more advance bracketing added)
Translation: Make the progressive ones advance even more.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhěme wǎn cái dédào tōngzhī , shǐ wǒ méi bànfǎ .
Glosses: so late only receive information make 1SG NEG solution
Translation: I received the information only very late, this leaves me without any way out.’ (literally: ‘…this makes me not having a solution.’)(Lü Shuxiang 2000: 303)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè piān wénzhāng […] shǐ wǒ gǎibiàn-le zhǔyì .
Glosses: this CL article make 1SG change-PERF opinion
Translation: This article made me change my mind.’ (Liu Yuehua, Pan Wenyu & Gu Wei 2001: 711)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhāng Sān cā -gān-le bōli .
Glosses: Zhang San wipe -dry-LE glass
Translation: Zhangsan has wiped the glass dry.’ (Sybesma 1999: 76, (21a); his glosses and translation, tones added by me)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhāng Sān kàn -le zhèi-běn shū .
Glosses: Zhang San read-LE this -CL book
Translation: Zhang San has read this book.’ (Sybesma 1999: 77, (22e); his glosses and translation, tones added)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Akiū chàng -kū-le .
Glosses: Akiu sing -cry-PERF
Translation: Akiu sang himself to tears.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā shì {tiāncái /fǎguórén /xuésheng /Lì jiàoshòu / wǒ de péngyou}.
Glosses: 3SG be genius/ French.person/ student /Li professor/ 1SG SUB friend
Translation: She is a genius/French/a student/professor Li/ my friend.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā fǎguórén , wǒ yīngguórén .
Glosses: 3SG French.person 3SG English.person
Translation: She is French, I am English.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Sìchuān [ hǎo dìfāng].
Glosses: Sichuan  good place
Translation: Sichuan is a good place.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā bù *(shì) fǎguórén .
Glosses: 3SG NEG be French.person
Translation: She is not French.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Sìchuān bù *(shì) hǎo dìfāng .
Glosses: Sichuan NEG be good place
Translation: Sichuan is not a good place.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā bù *(shì) tiāncái/ xuésheng/ Lì jiàoshòu / wǒ de péngyou .
Glosses: 3SG NEG be genius/ student / Li professor/ 1SG SUB friend
Translation: She is not a genius/ a student/professor Li/ my friend.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Nǐ jiǎnzhí %(shì) dà shǎguā .
Glosses: 2SG simply be big fool
Translation: You’re simply a big fool.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yě %(shì) guǎngdōngrén .
Glosses: 3SG also be Cantonese
Translation: He is Cantonese, too.’ (Zhu Dexi 1984: 7)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: [Tā *(shì) fǎguórén /Sìchuān *(shì) hǎo dìfāng] shì dàjiā dōu zhīdao de yī jiàn shì . (compare with (30a–b))
Glosses: 3SG be French.person /Sichuan be good place be everybody all know SUB 1 CL matter 
Translation: That she is French/that Sichuan is a good place is something everybody knows.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā shuō/ yǐwéi [nǐ %(shì) fǎguórén/ Sìchuān %(shì) hǎo dìfāng].
Glosses: 3SG say / think 2SG be French.person/ Sichuan be good place
Translation: He says/thinks that you are French/that Sichuan is a good place.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒ yǒu yī ge xuéshēng [PRO *(shì) tiāncái/ bǎiwànfùwēng].
Glosses: 1SG have 1 CL student  be genius/ millionaire
Translation: I have a student who is a genius/a millionaire.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè tái diànnǎo liùbǎi kuài qián .
Glosses: this CL computer 600 CL money
Translation: This computer costs 600 dollars.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒ zhīdao [zhè tái diànnǎo liùbǎi kuài qián].
Glosses: 1SG know this CL computer 600 CL money
Translation: I know that this computer costs 600 dollars.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā (zhènghǎo) liǎng mǐ .
Glosses: 3SG exactly 2 meter
Translation: He’s (exactly) 2 meters tall.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: [Tā zhènghǎo liǎng mǐ ] shì dàjiā dōu zhīdao de yī jiàn shì .
Glosses: 3SG exactly 2 meter be everybody all know SUB 1 CL matter
Translation: That he’s exactly 2 meters (tall) is something everybody knows.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā shíqī suì .
Glosses: 3SG 17 year
Translation: She’s seventeen.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒ yǒu yī ge xuéshēng [PRO cái shíqī suì]
Glosses: 1SG have 1 CL student  just 17 year
Translation: I have a student who is only seventeen.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè tái diànnǎo bù shì liùbǎi kuài qián , nǐ gǎocuò -le .
Glosses: this CL computer NEG be 600 CL money 2SG err -PERF
Translation: This computer doesn’t cost 600 dollars, you got it wrong.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā méi yǒu liǎng mǐ .
Glosses: 3SG NEG have 2 meter
Translation: He’s not 2 meters (tall).
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā hái méi yǒu wǔshí sui , tóufǎ dōu bái-le .
Glosses: 3SG still NEG have 50 year hair all white-PERF
Translation: He’s not yet fifty, and his hair is all white.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā fēicháng cōngmíng / bù cōngmíng .
Glosses: 3SG very be.intelligent/ NEG be.intelligent
Translation: She is very intelligent/is not intelligent.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yě bù tài mǎnyì .
Glosses: 3SG also NEG too be.satisfied
Translation: She is not really satisfied, either.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒ jīntiān tèbié máng .
Glosses: 1SG today particularly be.busy
Translation: I’m terribly busy today.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Pánzi shì [ fāng [ de [ Ø]].
Glosses: plate be  square  SUB 
Translation: The plate is square.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè ge shāndòng *(shì) tiānrán *(de).
Glosses: this CL cave be natural SUB
Translation: This cave is natural.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā de yáchǐ *(shì) jiǎ *(de).
Glosses: 3SG SUB tooth be artificial SUB
Translation: His teeth are artificial.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā (*shì) {fēicháng cōngmíng /bù cōngmíng}.14
Glosses: 3SG be very be.intelligent/ NEG be.intelligent
Translation: She is very intelligent/is not intelligent.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Pánzi yě shì [ fāng de ].
Glosses: plate also be  square SUB
Translation: The plate is square, too.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè ge shāndòng bù shì [ tiānrán de].
Glosses: this CL cave NEG be  natural SUB
Translation: This cave is not natural.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā de yáchǐ shì [ jiǎ de ] /*[ jiǎ ].
Glosses: 3SG SUB tooth be  artificial SUB  artificial
Translation: His teeth are artificial.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu [sān ge xuésheng] [PRO (*shì) fēicháng cōngmíng / lǎnduò].
Glosses: 3SG have 3 CL student  be very be.intelligent/ be.lazy
Translation: She has three students who are very intelligent/lazy.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu /mǎi-le [jǐ ge pánzi] [PRO *(shì) fāng *(de)].
Glosses: 3SG have/ buy-PERF several CL plate  be square SUB
Translation: He has/bought several plates which are square.’15
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu [sān ge yáchǐ] [PRO *(shì) jiǎ *(de)].
Glosses: 3SG have 3 CL tooth  be artificial SUB
Translation: He has three teeth which are artificial.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tāmen shéi gāo ? Lǎo Èr gāo . (Chao Yuen Ren 1968: 683)
Glosses: 3PL who tall Lao Er tall 
Translation: Which of them is taller? Lao Er is taller.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Lǎo Èr [ [ bǐ Lǎo Lǐ] gāo].
Glosses: Lao Er  compared.with Lao Li tall
Translation: Lao Er is taller than Lao Li.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Lǎo Èr hěn gāo/ tèbié gāo .
Glosses: Lao Er very tall/ particularly tall
Translation: Lao Er is tall/particularly tall.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒ rènwèi/zhīdao [. zhōngguó dà].16
Glosses: 1SG think /know  China be.big
Translation: I think/know that China is big [not: ‘bigger’].
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhāngsān yàoshì lìnsè dehuà , jiù bù huì qǐng nǐ chī fàn .
Glosses: Zhangsan if stingy SFP then NEG will invite 2SG eat food
Translation: If Zhangsan is stingy [not: ‘more stingy’], he will not treat you to dinner.’ (C.-S. Luther Liu 2010: 1019, (26d))
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhèi běn shū guì , nèi běn piányi . (Paris 1989: 113 , (54))
Glosses: this CL book expensive that CL cheap 
Translation: This book is expensive, that one is cheap.’ (Not: ‘This book is more expensive, that one is cheaper.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhèi běn shū guì ma ? b . (Zhèi běn shū) bù guì .
Glosses: this CL book expensive SFP  this CL book NEG expensive
Translation: Is this book expensive? This book is not expensive.’ (Not: ‘Is this book more expensive? This book is not more expensive.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā [ cóng Běijīng].
Glosses: 3SG  from Beijing
Translation: (Intendend: ‘She is from Beijing.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā yǒu sān ge xuésheng [PRO [ cóng Běijīng]].
Glosses: 3SG have 3 CL student  from Beijing
Translation: (Intendend: ‘She has three students who are from Beijing.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā [ gēn yǐngxīng].
Glosses: 3SG  with movie.star
Translation: (Intended: ‘He is with, i.e. in the company of movie stars.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Wǒ yǒu yī ge péngyou [PRO [ gēn yǐngxīng]].
Glosses: 3SG have 1 CL friend  with movie.star
Translation: (Intended: ‘He has a friend who is with movie stars.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā [ yīzhí [ [ gēn yǐngxīng ] zài yīqǐ ]]].
Glosses: 3SG  always  with movie.star be.at together
Translation: She is all the time with movie stars (i.e. in their company).
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Wǒ yǒu yī ge péngyou [PRO [ yīzhí [ [ gēn yǐngxīng] [ zài yīqǐ ]]]].
Glosses: 3SG have 1 CL friend  always  with movie.star  be.at together
Translation: I have a friend who is all the time with movie stars.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā [ [ cóng Běijīng] huílái].
Glosses: 3SG  from Beijing return
Translation: She has returned from Beijing.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu sān ge xuésheng [PRO [ [ cóng Běijīng] huílái]].
Glosses: 3SG have 3 CL student  from Beijing return
Translation: She has three students who have come back from Beijing.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā (shì) [ cóng Běijīng].
Glosses: 3SG be  from Beijing
Translation: (Intendend: She is from Beijing.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā (shì) [ gēn tāmen ]].
Glosses: 3SG be  with 3PL
Translation: (Intended: She is with them, i.e. in their company.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Zhè dōu [ yīnwèi nǐ /wèile nǐ].
Glosses: this all  because.of 2SG /for 2SG
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè dōu [shì [ yīnwèi nǐ / wèile nǐ]].
Glosses: this all be  because.of 2SG / for 2SG
Translation: This is all because of you/for your sake.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Zhè běn shū [ guānyú Chomsky].
Glosses: this CL book  concerning Chomsky
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Zhè běn shū [shì [ [ guānyú Chomsky] de]].
Glosses: this CL book be  concerning Chomsky SUB
Translation: This book is about Chomsky.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu hěn duō shū [shì [ [ guānyú Chomsky] de]].
Glosses: 3SG have very much book be  concerning Chomsky SUB
Translation: She has a lot of books about Chomsky.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Fángzi (shì) [ cónglín páng/ sān gōnglǐ wài].
Glosses: house be  forest near / 3 km beyond
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Fángzi [ zài [ cónglín páng/ sān gōnglǐ wài]].
Glosses: house  be.at  forest near / 3 km beyond
Translation: The house is near the forest/more than three km away.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā yǒu yī ge fángzi [PRO [ cónglín páng/ sān gōnglǐ wài]].
Glosses: 3SG have 1 CL house  forest near / 3 km beyond
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu yī ge fángzi [PRO [ zài [ cónglín páng/ sān gōnglǐ wài]]].
Glosses: 3SG have 1 CL house  be.at  forest near / 3 km beyond
Translation: He has a house near the forest/more than three km away.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Zhè jiàn shì {zài /shì} [ [sān nián] yǐqián] / [ [sān tiān] yǐhòu].
Glosses: this CL matter be.at/be  3 year ago 3 day later
Translation: (Intended: ‘This matter was three years ago/three days later.’)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā jiǔshí fēn yǐshàng .
Glosses: 3SG 90 point above
Translation: She has more than 90 points.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu yī ge xuéshēng [PRO jiǔshí fēn yǐshàng].
Glosses: 3SG have 1 CL student  90 point above
Translation: She has a student who has more than 90 points.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā {Ø/zài} [ [ jiǔshí fēn] yǐshàng].
Glosses: 3SG be.at  90 point above
Translation: She’s above 90 points.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā yǒu yī ge xuéshēng [PRO {Ø/zài} [ [ jiǔshí fēn] yǐshàng]].
Glosses: 3SG have 1 CL student be.at  90 point above
Translation: She has a student who is above 90 points.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: Tā [ [ sānshí suì ] zuǒyòu]].
Glosses: 3SG  30 year approximately
Translation: He is about 30 years old.
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: *Tā [ shì [ [ sānshí suì ] zuǒyòu]]].
Glosses: 3SG  be  30 year approximately