lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Aria ona fofa kerer-eya perek-i-mik .
Glosses: alright 3s.GEN day appear-2/3s harvest-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: Alright when the day comes we harvest it.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Nain manin maneka ma-i-yem , ekina .
Glosses: that1 garden big say-Np-PR.1s ekina
Translation: I am saying that about the big garden, ‘ekina’.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: O manin gelemuta , esewa , nain naap , ona mua kookal-owa .
Glosses: INTJ garden small esewa that1 thus 3s.GEN man like-NMZ
Translation: The small garden, ‘esewa’, is like this, (it can be worked according to) man’s own liking.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ona weniwa=pa en-owa na-ep uuw-i-mik .
Glosses: 3s.GEN hunger.time-LOC eat-NMZ say-SS.SEQ work-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: It is worked for eating during the “hunger time” (when there is no taro).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ne esewa nain no aakisa feenap nain mauw-am-ika-i-nan .
Glosses: ADD esewa that1 2s.UNM now like.this that1 work-SS.SIM-be-Np-FU.2s
Translation: And the ‘esewa’ you can be working around this time.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: O manin maneka , ekina=ke , ikoka mauw-owa pun eliw .
Glosses: INTJ garden big ekina-CF later work-NMZ also well
Translation: The big garden, ‘ekina’, may also be made/worked later.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ne moma perek-owa pun naap , ona owow saria=ke kiikir perek-i-mik , mua oro-oram fain weetak .
Glosses: ADD taro harvest-NMZ also thus 3s.GEN village headman-CF first harvest-Np-PR.1/3p man RDP-insignificant this no
Translation: And taro harvesting is also like that, the village headmen harvest it first, not these ordinary men.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Owow saria=ke perek-iwkin aria mua oko pun perek-i-mik .
Glosses: village headman-CF harvest-2/3p.DS alright man other also harvest-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: When the village headmen have harvested first, other men harvest too.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I wiipa siiwa me wia kuuf-owa ik-ok wia kuuf-i-ya nain aite=ke koora=pa yia kaik-i-mik .
Glosses: 1p.UNM girl moon not 3p.ACC look-NMZ be-SS 3p.ACC look-Np-PR.3s that1 mother-CF house-LOC 1p.ACC tie-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: When the moon hasn’t yet looked at our girls and then looks at them (I.e. when they have their first menstruation) our mothers seclude us in the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Koora=pa yia kaik-iwkin nan ika-i-mik .
Glosses: house-LOC 1p.ACC tie-2/3p.DS there be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: They seclude us in the house and we stay there.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Nan ik-ok aite=ke moma yia ik-om-i-ya , akia yia ik-om-i-ya .
Glosses: there be-SS mother-CF taro 1p.ACC roast-BEN-Np-PR.3s banana 1p.ACC roast-BEN-Np-PR.3s
Translation: We stay there and mother roasts us taros, she roasts us bananas
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Koora=pa nan yiam kaik-ap ik-ok omopora yiam up-ep ik-ok akia ik-owa enim-i-mik , moma ik-owa enim-i-mik .
Glosses: house-LOC there 1p.REFL tie-SS.SEQ be-SS door 1p.REFL close-SS.SEQ be-SS banana roast-NMZ eat-Np-PR.1/3p taro roast-NMZ eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We are secluded there in the house and have locked the door on ourselves and eat roasted bananas and taros.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Eka me enim-i-mik , iwera eka me enim-i-mik .
Glosses: water not eat-Np-PR.1/3p coconut water not eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We don’t drink water, we don’t drink coconut water.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Nain en-em-ik-ok in-i-mik , kokom-ar-i-ya , in-i-mik , epa wiim-i-ya .
Glosses: that1 eat-SS.SIM-be-SS sleep-Np-PR.1/3p dark-APPL-Np-PR.3s sleep-Np-PR.1/3p place dawn-Np-PR.3s
Translation: We eat that and sleep, it becomes dark, we sleep, (then) it dawns.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Aite nainiw maa yia ik-om-i-mik .
Glosses: mother again food 1p.ACC roast-BEN-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: Our mothers again roast food for us.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ik-om-iwkin enim-i-mik .
Glosses: roast-BEN-2/3p.DS eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: They roast it for us and we eat.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Aaya muuna kuisow , muuna kuisow enim-i-mik , aite=ke manina=pa yia aaw-om-iwkin .
Glosses: sugarcane joint.length one joint.length one eat-Np-PR.1/3p mother-CF garden-LOC 1p.ACC get-BEN-2/3p.DS
Translation: We eat one joint length of a sugarcane, one joint length, when our mothers have gotten it for us from the garden.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Nan ika-i-mik .
Glosses: there be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We stay there.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ik-ok ik-ok aite ona siiwa ara onaria ma-i-ya , “Wiipa no aakisa ora-e , no nan pok-a-n , owowa uruma ora-e”.
Glosses: be-SS be-SS mother 3s.GEN moon section with say-Np-PR.3s daughter 2s.UNM now descend-IMP.2s 2s.UNM there sit-PA-2s village open.place descend-IMP.2s
Translation: We stay and stay and at the right time of the moon mother says, “Daughter, go down now, you have sat there, go down to the open.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Yia na-eya , fofa yia wu-om-eya i yak-i-mik .
Glosses: 1p.ACC say-2/3s.DS day 1p.ACC put-BEN-2/3s.DS 1p.UNM bathe-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: When she says so about us and sets the date for us we bathe.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Yaki-ep urup-emi koora=pa nan pok-ap ika-i-mik .
Glosses: bathe.SS.SEQ ascend-SS.SIM house-LOC there sit-SS.SEQ be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We bathe and go (back) up and sit in the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Sosora a-i-mik , aite=ke fia yia aw-om-i-mik , ofa op-i-mik , epa maneka ora-i-mik .
Glosses: grass.skirt tie-Np-PR.1/3p mother-CF hair 1p.ACC shave-BEN-Np-PR.1/3p red.dye hold-Np-PR.1/3p place big descend-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We tie a grass skirt on, our mothers shave our hair, we are painted with red dye and we go down to the open.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Epa maneka or-op maa ikina ewur me enim-i-mik , mera eka .
Glosses: place big descend-SS.SEQ food smell soon not eat-Np-PR.1/3p fish water
Translation: We go down to the open but we do not eat meaty (lit: smelly) food soon, or fish soup.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Nan ika-i-mik , nan ik-ok , siiwa oko kerer-eya i maa ikina enim-i-mik .
Glosses: there be-Np-PR.1/3p there be-SS moon other appear-2/3s.DS 1p.UNM food smell eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We stay there, we stay there and when another moon appears we eat meaty food.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Aite=ke ma-i-mik , “No aakisa maa ikina=ko enim-e”, a i maa ikina enim-i-mik .
Glosses: mother-CF say-Np-PR.1/3p 2s.UNM now food smell-NF eat-IMP.2s INTJ 1p.UNM food smell eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: Our mothers say, “Now eat meaty food”, so we eat meaty food.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: A weeser-e-k , i maa momor enim-i-yen , waaya , maa mauwa , aara , nepa enim-i-mik .
Glosses: INTJ finish-PA-3s 1p.UNM food indiscriminately eat-Np-FU.1p pig food what chicken bird eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: It is finished, and we eat any food, we eat pork, whatever, chicken, birds.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I ikoka ikoka wia , maa momor enim-i-yen .
Glosses: 1p.UNM later later no food indiscriminately eat-Np-FU.1p
Translation: Not sometime in the future, we (can now) eat food indiscriminately.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I naap on-i-mik , i sira . Weeser-e-k .
Glosses: 1p.UNM thus do-Np-PR.1/3p 1p.UNM custom finish-PA-3s
Translation: We do like that, it is our custom. The end.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I mua soop-owa sira , i yiena kae sira , kome sira , a naap , i wiipa mauwa sira saarik .
Glosses: 1p.UNM man bury-NMZ custom 1p.UNM 1p.GEN 1s/p.grandfather custom 1s/p.grandmother custom INTJ thus 1p.UNM daughter what custom like
Translation: Our custom of burying our husbands – our grandfathers’ custom, our grandmothers’ custom – is like that, similar to the custom of our daughters’ what (initiation) custom.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I mua um-iya , mua om-ep om-ep om-ep mua napuma yiar soop-i-mik .
Glosses: 1p.UNM man die-2/3s.DS man cry-SS.SEQ cry-SS.SEQ cry-SS.SEQ man body 1p.DAT bury-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: When the husband dies we cry and cry and cry and the man’s body is buried.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ikiw-ep eruwa=pa wia wua-i-mik .
Glosses: go-SS.SEQ grave-LOC 3p.ACC put-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: It is taken and put in the grave.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Eruwa=pa wia wua-iwkin i emeria apura yiena mua weria emeria nain=ke yia amap-ikiw-ep eka=pa yia yakuw-ap ekap-emi koora=pa yia wua-i-mik .
Glosses: grave-LOC 3p.ACC put-2/3p.DS 1p.UNM woman widow 1p.GEN man weria.relative woman that1-CF 1p.ACC Bpx-go-SS.SEQ water-LOC 1p.ACC wash-SS.SEQ come-SS.SIM house-LOC 1p.ACC put-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: It is put in the grave and we widows are taken by our weria-relatives’ wives and washed in a spring and brought and put in the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Yiena koora=pa yia wua-iwkin naap yiena koora=pa nan ika-i-mik .
Glosses: 1p.GEN house-LOC 1p.ACC put-2/3p.DS thus 1p.GEN house-LOC there be-Np-1/3p
Translation: They put us in the house and we stay there in our house like that.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Koora=pa nan kaik-ap ika-i-mik .
Glosses: house-LOC there tie-SS.SEQ be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We stay secluded there in the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ik-ok ik-ok moma ik-owa en-em-ik-ok , siiwa kuisow .
Glosses: be-SS be-SS taro roast-NMZ eat-SS.SIM-be-SS moon one
Translation: We stay and stay and (only) keep eating roasted taro (until) one month (is gone).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Siiwa kuisow nain okaiwi=pa kerer-eya yia maak-i-mik , “Aria aakisa apura nain yak-inok .”
Glosses: moon one that1 other.side-LOC appear-2/3s.DS 1p.ACC tell-Np-PR.1/3p alright now widow that1 bathe-IMP.3s
Translation: When that one month (is finished and) another starts they tell us, “Alright now let the widow bathe.”
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: A yak-i-mik , yiena mua weria emeria=ke yook-ap er-iwkin yak-i-mik .
Glosses: INTJ bathe-Np-PR.1/3p 1p.GEN man weria.relative woman-CF follow.us-SS.SEQ go-2/3p.DS bathe-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: So we bathe, our weria-relatives’ wives follow us (there) and we bathe.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Er-ap eka damola=pa yaki-ep sosora a-i-mik , maa bala suuw-i-mik , kamukamu , kululuma , sagat .
Glosses: go-SS.SEQ water bad-LOC bathe-SS.SEQ grass.skirt tie-Np-PR.1/3p thing ornament push-Np-PR.1/3p Job’s.tears coloured.bead sagat.shell
Translation: We go and bathe in the bad spring and (then) tie the grass skirt on and put on decorations, Job’s tears, coloured beads and sagat shells.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Fia yia aw-om-iwkin ofa , ir-ap owowa=pa , yiena koora=pa .
Glosses: hair 1p.ACC shave-BEN-2/3p.DS red.dye go-SS.SEQ village-LOC 1p.GEN house-LOC
Translation: When they have shaved our heads we (put on) red dye – having come back – in the village, in our house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Yiena koora=pa op-ap , maa pi-ep , saasaria pi-ep owowa uruma ora-i-mik .
Glosses: 1p.GEN house-LOC hold-SS.SEQ thing stick.in.armband-SS.SEQ plant.sp . stick.in.armband-SS.SEQ village open.space descend-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: In our house we put on (the red dye), stick things in the armbands, stick saasaria plant in the armbands and go down in the open.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Or-omkun mua weria=ke meta urupa op-ap keemamuuna , umakuna meta yia mik-i-mik .
Glosses: descend-1s/p.DS man weria.relative-CF meta.paste cup hold-SS.SEQ knee neck meta.paste 1p.ACC stick-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We go down and the weria-relatives hold the meta-paste cup and stick the meta paste on (the back of) our knees and on the neck.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Meta yia mik-iwkin mera , waaya , oposia tiira nain yia aaw-om-iwkin furun-i-mik .
Glosses: meta.paste 1p.ACC stick-2/3p.DS fish pig meat slice that1 1p.ACC get-BEN-2/3p.DS spit-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: They1 stick the meta paste on us and when they2 (=others) get fish and pork, pieces of those meats for us they1 spit it.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ama urup-owa , ama or-owa furun-i-mik , koora ikiw-i-mik .
Glosses: sun ascend-NMZ sun descend-NMZ spit-Np-PR.1/3p house go-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: They spit it towards east, they spit it towards west, and we go into the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Koora ikiw-i-mik nain mera eka me enim-i-mik .
Glosses: house go-Np-PR.1/3p that1 fish water not eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We who go into the house do not eat fish soup.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mera eka en-owa marew nan ika-i-mik .
Glosses: fish water eat-NMZ no(ne) there be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We stay there without eating fish soup.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mera eka en-owa marew ik-ok ik-ok mua weria=ke ma-i-ya , “No aakisa maa ikina=ko enim-e .”
Glosses: fish water eat-NMZ no(ne) be-SS be-SS man weria.relative-CF say-Np-PR.3s 2s.UNM now food smell-NF eat-IMP.2s
Translation: We stay and stay without eating fish soup and (then) a weria-relative says, Now you (can) eat meaty food.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ne maa ikina enim-i-mik , mera eka enim-i-mik .
Glosses: ADD food smell eat-Np-PR.1/3p fish water eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: And we eat meaty food, we eat fish soup.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mera eka enim-i-mik nain i mangala me enim-i-mik , waaya me enim-i-mik , mua wia soop-i-mik nain .
Glosses: fish water eat-Np-PR.1/3p that1 1p.UNM drupa.shell not eat-Np-PR.1/3p pig not eat-Np-PR.1/3p man 3p.ACC bury-Np-PR.1/3p that
Translation: We eat fish soup but we we do not eat drupa shells, we do not eat pork, we who bury our husbands.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: A i sira , aria nepa me enim-i-mik , aara me enim-i-mik , maroka me enim-i-mik , sibaur me enim-i-mik .
Glosses: INTJ 1p.UNM custom alright bird not eat-Np-PR.1/3p chicken not eat-Np-PR.1/3p prawn not eat-Np-PR.1/3p lobster not eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: Oh that is our custom, alright we do not eat bird meat, we do not eat chicken, we do not eat prawns, we do not eat lobsters.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mangala eka me enim-i-mik .
Glosses: drupa.shell water not eat-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: We do not eat drupa shell soup.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Emi kekanowa maneka , naap oram ika-i-mik .
Glosses: taboo strong big thus just be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: It is a big taboo, we stay like that just (without many foods).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I ikoka nain enim-i-yen mua kukusa=ke mia yia damol-iwkin i eliwa me ika-i-yen .
Glosses: 1p.UNM later that1 eat-Np-FU.1p man spirit-CF body 1p.ACC bad-2/3p.DS 1p.UNM good not be-Np-FU.1p
Translation: If we later eat that our husbands’ spirits will damage our bodies and we will not be well.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mia nigisir-i-yan , panewowa saarik ika-i-yan .
Glosses: body shrink-Np-FU.1p old like be-Np-FU.1p
Translation: Our bodies will shrink and we will be like old people.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: I sira naap yiar ik-ua , i mua soop-owa sira , i emeria sira=ke .
Glosses: 1p.UNM custom thus 1p.DAT 1p.UNM 1p.UNM man bury-NMZ custom 1p.UNM woman custom-CF
Translation: We have a custom like that, the custom of burying our husbands, it is the womens’ custom.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Aria i emeria sira nan weeser-e-k .
Glosses: alright 1p.UNM woman custom there finish-PA.3s
Translation: Alright (telling about) the women’s custom is finished.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: A pun naap , mua emeria um-i-mik wi koora=pa nan ika-i-mik .
Glosses: INTJ also thus man woman die-Np-PR.1/3p 3p.UNM house-LOC there be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: Also in the same way, the men’s wives die and they stay there in the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Onak=ke moma wia ik-em-ik-om-i-mik , maa muutumut , akia , iwoka .
Glosses: 3s/p.mother-CF taro 3p.ACC roast-SS.SIM-be-BEN-Np-PR.1/3p food all.kinds banana yam
Translation: Their mothers roast taro for them, and all kinds of food, banana, yam.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Wia ik-om-iwkin en-em-ika-iwkin en-em-ika-iwkin siiwa kuisow , koora=pa nan ika-i-mik nain .
Glosses: 3p.ACC roast-BEN-2/3p.DS eat-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS eat-SS.SIM-be-2/3p.DS moon one house-LOC there be-Np-PR-1/3p that1
Translation: They1 roast it for them2 and they2 keep eating it (until) a month (is gone), those who stay there in the house.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Siiwa kuisow ona onak=ke wiawi=ke ma-i-ya , “Aakisa yo muuka yak-i-ya .”
Glosses: moon one 3s.GEN 3s/p.mother-CF 3s/p.father-CF say-Np-PR.3s now 1s.UNM son bathe-Np-PR.3s
Translation: (After) one month his mother (or) his father says, “Now my son bathes.”
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mua weria ekap-ep koora=pa nan ik-ok muuka aap-ora-i-mik .
Glosses: man weria.relative come-SS.SEQ house-LOC there be-SS son Bpx-descend-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: The weria-relatives come and stay (a while) in the house and bring the son down.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Muuka p-or-op p-er-iwkin yak-i-ya .
Glosses: son Bpx-descend-SS.SEQ Bpx-go-2/3p.DS bathe-Np-PR.3s
Translation: They bring the son down and take him (to the spring) and he bathes.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Eka=pa yakuw-ap p-ir-i-mik .
Glosses: water-LOC wash-SS.SEQ Bpx-come-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: They wash him in the water and bring him (to the village).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: P-ir-ami sira naap emeria saarik .
Glosses: Bpx-come-SS.SIM custom thus woman like
Translation: They bring him and (do) the custom like that, similar to the women(’s custom).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Mera eka me ewur enim-i-ya , nan ika-i-ya , eka=iw en-em-ika-i-non .
Glosses: fish water not quickly eat-Np-PR.3s there be-Np-PR.3s water-INST eat-SS.SIM-be-Np-FU.3s
Translation: He does not eat fish soup soon, he stays there, he will (only) eat (food cooked) with water.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Maa eka=iw en-ep en-ep siiwa ara onaria , maa ikina , mangala wia , waaya wia , aara wia , urema wia , maroka wia , maa muutumut wia .
Glosses: food water-INST est-SS.SEQ eat-SS.SEQ moon section with food smell drupa.shell no pig no chicken no bandicoot no prawn no food all.kinds no
Translation: He will keep eating food (cooked) with water until the moon is right, no meaty food, drupa shell, no pork, no chicken, no bandicoot, no prawns; all kinds of food are forbidden.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ikoka ona mua weria=ke wia op-om-iwkin enim-i-non .
Glosses: later 3s.GEN man weria.relative-CF 3p.ACC hold-BEN-2/3p.DS eat-Np-FU.3s
Translation: Later when his weria-relatives hold them for him (=make a ceremony) he will eat them.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: A wi mua sira=ke , emeria soop-owa sira , wi mua era=ke .
Glosses: INTJ 3p.UNM man custom-CF woman bury-NMZ custom, 3p.UNM man way-CF
Translation: That is the men’s custom, the custom of burying one’s wife, the way of the men.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Opaimika muut nan-e-k .
Glosses: talk only there-PA-3s
Translation: There’s the talk.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Weeser-e-k .
Glosses: finish-PA-3s
Translation: It is finished.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Yo aakisa ifer maneka urup-i-ya nain ma-i-yem .
Glosses: 1s.UNM now sea big ascend-Np-PR.3s that1 say-Np-PR.1s
Translation: Now I tell about a tidal wave (lit: that when the big sea rises).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Yo me baliwep paayar-e-m , oram iperowa=ke nanar-iwkin miim-a-m .
Glosses: 1s.UNM not well understand-PA-1s just middle.aged-CF tell.story-2/3p.DS hear-PA-1s
Translation: I do not understand it well, I have just heard the elders tell stories about it.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Kiikir akena menat maneka goron-ep ora-i-ya .
Glosses: first very tide big go.down-SS.SEQ descend-Np-PR.3s
Translation: First of all the big tide goes very low down.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Goron-ep ora-i-ya nain , mua pepena=ke menat=ke ek-i-ya na-ep menat ora-i-nan .
Glosses: go.down-SS.SEQ descend-Np-PR.3s that1 man ignorant-CF tide-CF go-Np-PR.3s say/think-SS.SEQ tide descend-Np-FU.2s
Translation: When it goes low down, an ignorant man thinks that the ebb tide is receding and will go down (to catch shellfish).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: O mua amis-ar-owa nain=ke baurar-i-kuan .
Glosses: INTJ man knowledge-INCH that-CF flee-Np-FU.3p
Translation: (But) the knowledgeable people run away.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ae , menat maneka goron-ep ora-i-ya nain or-op , malol .
Glosses: yes tide big go.down-SS.SEQ descend-Np-PR.3s that1 descend-SS.SEQ deep.sea
Translation: Yes, the big tide that goes down, goes down (and reaches) the deep sea.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Suuw-urup-ep urup-ep owowa erepura=pa nan nainiw goron-ep ora-i-ya .
Glosses: push-ascend-SS.SEQ ascend-SS.SEQ village side-LOC there again go.down-SS.SEQ descend-Np-PR.3s
Translation: It pushes up and rises and from the (upper) side of the village it goes down again.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Goron-ep ora-i-ya nain maa muutitik iiwawun lalat-i-ya .
Glosses: go.down-SS.SEQ descend-Np-PR.3s that1 thing all.kinds altogether wash.away-Np-PR.3s
Translation: When it goes down it washes away everything.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Koora=ki e maa mauwa nain iiwawun samor-i-ya .
Glosses: house-CF.QM or thing what that1 altogether bad-Np-PR.3s
Translation: It completely destroys houses or whatever.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ifera suuw-urup-i-ya nain , nain pun nomona , mera , iiwawun onaiya urup-i-ya .
Glosses: sea push-ascend-Np-PR.3s that1 that1 also stone/coral fish altogether with ascend-Np-PR.3s
Translation: When the sea rises, it rises altogether with corals and fish too (i.e. a tidal wave brings up corals and fish with it too).
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ne mua baurar-ep ikiw-ep koka=pa ika-i-mik .
Glosses: ADD man flee-SS.SEQ go-SS.SEQ jungle-LOC be-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: And people run away and stay in the jungle.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Aakisa fan ifera goron-ep or-eya wi owowa ora-i-mik .
Glosses: now here sea go.down.SS.SEQ descend-2/3s.DS 3p.UNM village descend-Np-PR.1/3p
Translation: Only (lit: just now) when the sea has receded they come down to the village.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Owowa or-op owowa kuuf-i-mik na owowa iiwawun samor-ar-e-k , ifera=ke samor-a-k .
Glosses: village descend-SS.SEQ village look-Np-PR.1/3p TP village altogether bad-INCH-PA-3s sea-CF bad-PA-3s
Translation: They come down to the village and look at the village – it is completely destroyed; it is the sea that has destroyed it.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ne ifera suuw-i-ya nain koora pun iiwawun mu-i-ya .
Glosses: ADD sea push-Np-PR.3s that1 house also altogether swallow-Np-PR.3s
Translation: And when the sea pushes up it completely swallows the houses.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: O no mua me baurar-i-nan nain ikoka ifera=ke iiwawun nefa ifakim-i-non .
Glosses: INTJ 2s.UNM man not flee-Np-FU.2s that1 later sea-CF altogether 2s.ACC kill-Np-FU.3s
Translation: You who do not run away will later be completely killed by the sea.
Language: Mauwake
Transcription: Ae , opaimika muut nanek .
Glosses: yes talk only there-PA-3s
Translation: Yes, that is all the talk.
Language: Archaic Finnish Swedish
Transcription: Kva ha et tjøft i stádin ? – Ättren o grýnen .
Glosses: what have.PRS you buy.SUP in town.DEFF _ pea.DEFF.PL and grain.DEFF.PL
Translation: What have you bought in town? – Peas and grains.
Language: Archaic Finnish Swedish
Transcription: Kva jer he , som ligger op jólen ? – He je gräse .
Glosses: what be.PRS it REL lie.PRS on earth.DEFF _ it be.PRS grass.DEFF
Translation: What is it that is on the ground?’ – ‘It is grass.
Language: Archaic Finnish Swedish
Transcription: víne , som há vuri vattne
Glosses: wine REL have.PRS be.SUP water.DEFF
Translation: the wine, that has been water
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hä finns vattne däri hinken .
Glosses: it exist.PRS water.DEFF (there)in bucket.DEFF
Translation: There is water in the bucket.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: ja sit se poika ...
Glosses: and then this boy
Translation: …so then the man went and bought all the balloons and gave them to the boy, and the boy…’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hat kaam me a maan .
Glosses: she come.PST with DEFF man
Translation: She came with her husband, lit. the man.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hat kaam me di maan .
Glosses: she come.PST with DEFF man
Translation: She came with the man.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʽo le teine ʽo Sina .
Glosses: PRS ART girl PRS Sina
Translation: There was a couple who had a child, a girl called Sina.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Den offentliga makten utövas under lagarna .
Glosses: DEFF public power.DEFF exert.PASS.PRS under law.PL.DEFF
Translation: (The) public power is exerted under the laws.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hund skall hållas kopplad på offentlig plats .
Glosses: dog shall keep.PASS.INF leash.PP on public place
Translation: A dog shall be kept on a leash in public places (lit: Dog shall be kept leashed on public place)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han læt gøræ kyrkiunæ i agnistaðhum .
Glosses: he let.PST make.INF church.DEFF.ACC in Agnestad
Translation: He had the church in Agnestad built.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gow wa niskajrad .
Glosses: floor be.PST new-clean.PP
Translation: The floor was newly cleaned.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Men nepå gôLv va dä en hög mä matt-traser .
Glosses: But down_on floor be.PST it INDF heap with carpet_rag.PL
Translation: But on the floor there was a heap of rags.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Blommor är veka varelser .
Glosses: flower.PL be.PRS weak.WK being.PL
Translation: Flowers are weak beings.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kaffen ä allt bätter än ten .
Glosses: coffee.DEFF be.PRS sure better than tea.DEFF
Translation: Coffee is sure better than tea.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: men han ä so hōrder ti arbita .
Glosses: But it is so hard INFm work.INF
Translation: Birch, it is better for furniture, but it is so hard-worked.’ (Lundström (1939: 13–14)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Det e mer varme i kola enn i veden .
Glosses: It be.PRS more heat in coal.DEFF than in firewood.DEFF
Translation: There is more heat in coal than in firewood.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ulvan e’ minder som bjørnan .
Glosses: Wolf.DEFF.PL be.PRS small.CMPR than bear.DEFF.PL
Translation: Wolves are smaller than bears.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fugglane skâ en föll inte mate…
Glosses: bird.PL.DEFF shall.PRS one PRAG NEG feed
Translation: Birds, you should not feed…’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sockerkak ä dä bäst Kâtt’n vet .
Glosses: Sponge_cake be.PRS DEFF.N best cat.DEFF know.PRS
Translation: Sponge cake is Cat’s favourite.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sockerkake ä dä bäste Katten vet .
Glosses: Sponge_cake be.PRS DEFF.N best cat.DEFF know.PRS
Translation: Sponge cake is Cat’s favourite.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fôggla ska man fell int mata , e .
Glosses: bird.PL shall.PRS one PRAG NEG feed.INF NEG
Translation: Birds, you should not feed…’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Göll e dirt .
Glosses: gold be.PRS expensive
Translation: Gold is expensive.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Häster kut fort .
Glosses: horse.PL run.PRS fast
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: He kall ve fö sjanostn för gammalt .
Glosses: it call.PRS we for sand_cheese.DEFF for old.N
Translation: This we call “sand cheese” of old.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jö tråo dom kåles skråkaran .
Glosses: I think.PRS they call.PASS.PRS “skråkar”.DEFF.PL
Translation: I think they are called “skråkaran” ‘
Language: Orsamål
Transcription: sö skari wärm mjötje a num .
Glosses: so shall.PRS_I warm.INF milk.DEFF for him
Translation: As soon as I have got the wood bundle into the house, I’ll warm some milk for him.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hä väks granän överallt .
Glosses: it grow.DEFF fir.DEFF . everywhere
Translation: Fir trees grow all around.
Language: German
Transcription: Es kommt der Zug von Kiel .
Glosses: it come.PRS DEFF.M.NOM train from Kiel
Translation: The train from Kiel comes/is coming.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ig al etter nog broðe .
Glosses: I shall.PRS after some bread.DAT
Translation: I’ll go and get some bread.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sä ska ja väärm na mjÖLk ått ‘n .
Glosses: so shall.PRS I warm.INF some milk for him
Translation: As soon as I have got the wood bundle into the house, I’ll warm (some) milk for him.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hæ e kåmme na mââng ?
Glosses: have.PRS it come.SUP some many
Translation: Have many [people] arrived?’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eint vær I dâ na rädd .
Glosses: NEG be.PST I then any afraid
Translation: I wasn’t afraid then at all.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hä kom na fLi`ttjom ötät väjen .
Glosses: it come.PST some girl.DAT.PL along road.DEFF
Translation: There came some girls along the road.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dji´v mä na kòrvom !
Glosses: give.IMP PRO.1SG.OBL some sausage.DAT.PL
Translation: Give me some sausages!’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: då ji å a Karolina nåppe snottren i höst .
Glosses: when I and PDA.F Karolina pick.PST cloudberries.DEFF.PL in autumn
Translation: Well, I’ll tell you how Karolina and I picked cloudberries last autumn.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: å skull skaff ven .
Glosses: and will.PST get.INF wood.DEFF
Translation: One day he went to the forest to get firewood.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Ulum fǫ stjyreð et middags .
Glosses: shall.PRS.1PL have.INF curdled_milk.DEFF to dinner.GEN
Translation: We’ll have curdled milk for dinner.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Will du fǫ snuseð min mig ?
Glosses: want.PRS you have.INF snuff.DEFF with PRO.1SG.OBL
Translation: Do you want to have snuff from me?
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Eð liep nið smeltwattneð i uälų .
Glosses: it run.PST down melting_water.DEFF in hole.DEFF.ACC
Translation: Melting water was running down into the hole.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Måyre; war ikåv min wattne;.
Glosses: marsh.DEFF be.PST pregnant with water.DEFF.DAT
Translation: The marsh was pregnant with water.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: så ska I werm mjotse a onum .
Glosses: so shall.PRS I warm.INF milk.DEFF for PRO.3SG.M.DAT
Translation: As soon as I have got the wood bundle into the house, I’ll warm some milk for him.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jen wårm när dem fråg ettär fistjen ?
Glosses: INDF snake when they ask.PRS after fish.DEFF
Translation: Is there anybody … who gives them a snake when they ask for fish?’ (Matt. 7:10)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ä wa je keLing frammä , so add selt brendunä .
Glosses: there be.PST INDF woman out_there REL have.PST sell.SUP aquavit.DEFF
Translation: There was a woman out there, who had sold aquavit.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Ed so ar kumid til åv tjyötį , ed ir tjyöted…
Glosses: it REL have.PRS come.SUP to of flesh.DEFF.DAT it be.PRS flesh.DEFF
Translation: That which is born of flesh is flesh…’ (John 3:6)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Er så a kem-til åv tjöt e tjöt…
Glosses: it REL have.PRS come_about.SUP of flesh be.PRS flesh
Translation: That which is born of flesh is flesh…
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: …ig ar kumid og döper min wattne;.
Glosses: I have.PRS come.SUP and baptize.PRS with water.DEFF.DAT
Translation: …I have come to baptize with water.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: …ar I kem å döpär min wattn .
Glosses: have.PRS I come.SUP and baptize.PRS with water
Translation: …I have come to baptize with water.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: so ska i werm miö:tsī a na .
Glosses: so shall.PRS I warm.INF milk.DEFF for PRO.3SG.F.DAT
Translation: As soon as I have got the wood bundle into the house, I’ll warm some milk for him.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Orsamål
Transcription: An drick mjötji .
Glosses: he drink.PRS milk.DEFF
Language: Sollerömål
Transcription: An drikk mjok .
Glosses: he drink.PRS milk
Translation: He is drinking milk.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Sollerömål
Transcription: An drikk mjotji .
Glosses: he drink.PRS milk.DEFF
Language: Sollerömål
Transcription: I åt bermos ata mjotjän .
Glosses: I eat.PST lingonberry_jam with milk.DEFF.DAT
Translation: I ate lingonberry jam with the milk.’
Language: Sollerömål
Transcription: Ä e mjok i putällim .
Glosses: it be.PRS milk.DEFF in bottle.DEFF.DAT
Translation: There is milk in the bottle.’
Language: Sollerömål
Transcription: … å ä add vurti skårån upå snjom .
Glosses: … and it have.PST become.SUP hard_crust.DEFF on snow.DEFF
Translation: … and there was a hard crust on the snow.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: … ô ä add wurte skare på snjon .
Glosses: … and it have.PST become.SUP hard_crust on snow.DEFF
Translation: … and there was a hard crust on the snow.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nôppä bära
Glosses: pick.INF berry.DEFF.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sälä vön
Glosses: sell.INF firewood.DEFF
Translation: sell firewood
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi ha fåt möN ti väjän .
Glosses: we have.PRS get.SUP ant.DEFF in wall.DEFF
Translation: We have got ants in the wall.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hä bli vakkär-värä i môra .
Glosses: it become.PRS nice_weather.DEFF in morning
Translation: The weather will be nice tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha tin
Glosses: have.INF time.DEFF
Translation: have time
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: efrån dær han hadde lega ,
Glosses: from where he have.PST lie.SUP
Translation: [When he saw that bear, he got so excited that he forgot to put out the fire, so he saw that] there was a forest fire burning where he had been lying.’ [S38]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: De hadde vôrsste skâre på snön .
Glosses: it have.PST become.SUP crust on snow.DEFF
Translation: There was a hard crust on the snow.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Momma va på väg ut ätte ve .
Glosses: Granny be.PST on way out after firewood
Translation: Granny was on her way out to get firewood.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hæ tωg te bɭåsæ sönnaväre .
Glosses: it take.PST INFm blow.INF southerly_wind.DEFF
Translation: It started blowing from the south.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: …o jɷLə Θpp elən för å rΘsta sə en kaffədrΘpa .
Glosses: and make.PST up fire.DEFF for INFm roast.INF REFL INDF coffee_drop
Translation: …and made a fire to roast themselves a drop of coffee.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dä kommer snö uppepå .
Glosses: it come.PRS snow on_top
Translation: There will be snow on top.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fôrst skâ o körna , gör ust å kok missmör .
Glosses: first shall.PRS she churn.INF make.INF cheese and cook.INF whey-cheese
Translation: First she’ll churn, make cheese and cook whey-cheese.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tännd jelln ti nävra
Glosses: light.INF fire.DEFF in birch-bark
Translation: put fire to the birch-bark
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi hallom-å fåm smått om mjôltjä .
Glosses: we PROG.PRS.1PL get.PRS.1PL little about milk.DEFF
Translation: We’re getting short of milk.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: …der vi låog å drog garna .
Glosses: …where we lay.PST and pull.PST net.PL.DEFF
Translation: …where we were pulling the fishing-nets.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: og såfwå å marcki .
Glosses: and sleep.INF on ground.DEFF.DAT
Translation: Travel by night, smoke tobacco, and sleep on the ground
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: medan Præstn hölt pâ at predika .
Glosses: while clergyman.DEFF keep.PST on INFm preach.INF
Translation: [You’re some man you Elof, who put me in the stocks], because I was using snuff tobacco when the vicar was preaching.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kouen å ouxan å gjeitren å faara
Glosses: cow.DEFF.PL and ox.DEFF.PL and goat.DEFF.PL and sheep.DEFF.PL
Translation: [God may save them from the bad years
Language: Moroccan Arabic
Transcription: Kāin əl-h̬obz .
Glosses: there-is DEFF-bread
Translation: There is bread.
Language: Archaic Norrlandic
Transcription: mitsi fålke
Glosses: much people.DEFF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: gott om fistjevattna
Glosses: plenty about fishing-water.DEFF
Translation: plenty of fishing-water’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Heä mycke snön dära backen .
Glosses: it_be.PRS much snow.DEFF there_on hill.DEFF
Translation: There is much snow on the hill.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han drack mycke öle .
Glosses: he drink.PST much beer.DEFF
Translation: He drank a lot of beer.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han ha int na peninga .
Glosses: he have.PRS NEG any money.PL.DEFF
Translation: He hasn’t got any money.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han ha tre brören .
Glosses: He have.PRS three brother.DEFF.PL
Translation: He has three brothers.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hä var mö`tje foLKe krö´gom ´en .
Glosses: it be.PST much people.DEFF around he.OBL
Translation: There were a lot of people around him.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: E fjȫƚomsómmarn var -e mȫtje djǟtinga .
Glosses: ? last_summer.DEFF be.PST it much wasp.DEFF.PL
Translation: Last summer there were a lot of wasps.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ini gämeLstän dil häLjen .
Glosses: i old_town.DEFF to holiday.DEFF
Translation: There were so terribly many boys and girls in the church town during the holiday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: för der vär so mitji heondan .
Glosses: for there be.PST so much dog.DEFF.PL
Translation: And I didn’t dare go close to the farms either, for there were so many dogs.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ho hä öynge förhål .
Glosses: she have.PRS no restraint
Translation: She has no restraint, i.e. she cannot restrain herself.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wå söynda skå dö vä så myttji sopan ?
Glosses: What sin.DEFF shall.PRS you with so much milk.DEFF
Translation: What the hell are you going to do with so much milk?’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: in kårvbäit å in hålv lök .
Glosses: one sausage-piece and one half onion
Translation: She took out two cold potatoes, a piece of sausage, and half an onion.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: så forskrätseli mytji smöre
Glosses: so terribly much butter.DEFF
Translation: so terribly much butter’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mytji öle
Glosses: much beer.DEFF
Translation: much beer
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tri hest
Glosses: three horse.SG.INDF
Translation: three horses
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: He je itt na snön på martje .
Glosses: it be.PRS NEG any snow.DEFF on ground.DEFF
Translation: There is not any snow on the ground.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Där vax -e mötje gräse .
Glosses: there grow.PST it much grass.DEFF
Translation: There was much grass.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: utan sto där utan ägg o utan höne
Glosses: but stand.PST there without egg.PL and without hen
Translation: But she did not find any eggs but stood there without eggs and without a hen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na gulblaa tå blomma däri fönstre .
Glosses: some yellow_leave.DEFF.PL from flower.DEFF in window.DEFF
Translation: Granny looked aside, got up and went up to the window, and pinched off some yellow leaves from the plant in the window.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: somlikin sädhin
Glosses: some grain.DEFF
Translation: some of the grain
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han sporde , hulkom gudhenom thet teknit tilhörde .
Glosses: he ask.PST which.DAT.SG.M god.DEFF.DAT.SG that.N sign.DEFF belong.PST
Translation: He asked which of the gods the sign belonged to.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ekke bära mykin matin mz sik .
Glosses: NEG carry.INF much food.DEFF with REFL
Translation: …while they did not manage to carry much food.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: at faa them nakan matin .
Glosses: to get.INF them some.ACC.SG.M food.DEFF
Translation: … but his disciples went into the town to get some food.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wij haffuom intit brödith .
Glosses: we have.PRS.1PL no.N bread.DEFF
Translation: We have no bread.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: …ingan uidn klufin…
Glosses: …no firewood.DEFF hew.PP…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mange kronene var det ikke .
Glosses: many crown.PL be.PST it NEG
Translation: Many crowns it wasn’t.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: De snakket ikke mange ordene .
Glosses: they talk.PST NEG many word.PL.DEFF
Translation: They didn’t speak many words.’ (Internet)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: før døren var åpen .
Glosses: before door.DEFF be.PST open
Translation: It didn’t take many seconds before the door was open.’ (Internet)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han eide ikkje nåla i væggen .
Glosses: he own.PST NEG nail.DEFF in wall.DEFF
Translation: He did not own a nail (lit. the nail) in the wall.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hån hä låga se wita bökso
Glosses: he have.PRS make.DEFF REFL white trouser.DAT.PL
Translation: He’s got crazy, he has got himself white trousers.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hån kåm o lovere ini witböxen .
Glosses: he come.PST and brag.PST in white_trouser.DEFF.DAT.PL
Translation: He came bragging in white trousers.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: å hä jär sto:ra àspom .
Glosses: and it be.PRS big.PL aspen.DAT.PL
Translation: There are eight aspens over there, and they are big aspens.’
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Am est-n .
Glosses: have.1PL horse-DEFF
Translation: We have a horse, i.e. we are horse-owners.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Swedish
Transcription: Vi har häst .
Glosses: we have.PRS horse
Translation: We have a horse, i.e. we are horse-owners.
Language: French
Transcription: Nous avons le téléphone .
Glosses: we have.PRS.1PL DEFF telephone
Translation: We have a (lit. the) telephone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sä vi mâka ôss kâmmarn .
Glosses: so we clear.PST us chamber.DEFF
Translation: so we cleared us a chamber.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: E wa swaindjin å weem .
Glosses: it be.PST bend.DEFF on road.DEFF.DAT
Translation: There was a bend in the road.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Ig ar gart stark-äln ig .
Glosses: I have.PRS make.SUP strong_heel.DEFF.ACC I
Translation: I have made a strong heel’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: He fanns jo separatoN .
Glosses: it exist.PST PRAG separator.DEFF
Translation: There was a milk separator.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jåå , hästn har ve jo .
Glosses: yes horse.DEFF have.PRS we PRAG
Translation: Yes, we do have a horse.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: men strakks hadd ve barra öppenspisn .
Glosses: but right_away have.PST we only open_stove.DEFF
Translation: As you know, we didn’t have an iron stove so we couldn’t bake buns… When we got an iron stove I used to bake wheat buns and gingerbreads, but in the beginning we had only an open fireplace.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi hadd hästn menn ja vor litn .
Glosses: we have.PST horse.DEFF when I be.PST small
Translation: We had a horse when I was a kid.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: se ɑ’nnvä’nnde däm kƚe’sta’i̯t’n .
Glosses: so use.PST they “clothes-poker”.DEFF
Translation: …and long ago where they didn’t have a meat-grinder they used a klädstöt.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hänna dug äint för ajn som ha julpän .
Glosses: this do.PRS NEG for one that have.PRS fly.DEFF
Translation: This won’t do for someone with a fly.’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi ha: häst därhäim .
Glosses: we have.PRS.PL horse at_home
Translation: We have a horse at home.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ja ha:r no: moånanslyö:n .
Glosses: I have.PRS certainly monthly_salary
Translation: Sure, I have a monthly salary.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi had in häst , tå ja va lill .
Glosses: we have.PST INDF horse when I be.PST small
Translation: We had a horse when I was a kid.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Så kviila vi middain .
Glosses: so rest.PST we noon.DEFF
Translation: Then we took a nap.’ (Standard Swedish vila middag)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Å dåm hav öitjon .
Glosses: and they have.PRS dinghy.DEFF
Translation: And they have a dinghy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han ha: ju brännvinsbo:den han .
Glosses: he have.PST PRAG liquor-shop.DEFF he
Translation: He had a liquor shop, he.
Language: Orsamål
Transcription: Wi addum äst’n dö i wa lit’n .
Glosses: we have.PST.1PL horse.DEFF when I be.PST small
Translation: We had a horse when I was a kid.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Swedish
Transcription: Hon äter soppa med (?en) sked .
Glosses: she eat.PRS soup with INDF spoon
Translation: She eats soup with a spoon.
Language: French
Transcription: Elle mange la soupe à la cuillière .
Glosses: she eat.PRS DEFF soup with DEFF spoon
Translation: She eats soup with a spoon.
Language: French
Transcription: Elle mange la soupe avec une cuillière .
Glosses: she eat.PRS DEFF soup with INDF spoon
Translation: She eats soup with a spoon.
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: Sjo ur dier ovo skrievað min knaivem !
Glosses: see how they have.PRS.3PL write.SUP with knife.DEFF.DAT
Translation: Look what they have written with a knife!’
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: An jät suppų min stjiedn .
Glosses: he eat.PRS soup.DEFF.ACC with spoon.DEFF.DAT
Translation: He eats soup with a spoon.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Elfdalian
Transcription: An jät suppų min stjied .
Glosses: he eat.PRS soup.DEFF.ACC with spoon.DAT
Translation: He eats soup with a spoon.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Orsamål
Transcription: An jat suppo mi stjed’n/stjedi .
Glosses: he eat.PRS soup.DEFF.ACC with spoon.DEFF
Translation: He eats soup with a spoon.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Sollerömål
Transcription: An jät såppo minn stjedn .
Glosses: he eat.PRS soup.DEFF.ACC with spoon.DEFF
Translation: He eats soup with a spoon.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han ät soppa ve skea .
Glosses: he eat.PRS soup.DEFF with spoon.DEFF
Translation: He eats soup with a spoon.’ (questionnaire)
Language: Archaic Norrlandic
Transcription: ve slaiven bårti anɷ…
Glosses: with ladle.DEFF from river.DEFF
Translation: …as for the fish, they almost had to scoop it up with a ladle from the river…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi skār a me štjeron .
Glosses: we cut.PST it with sickle.DEFF
Translation: We cut it with a sickle.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vi λōw me lijjan .
Glosses: we cut.PST with scythe.DEFF
Translation: We cut [grass] with a scythe.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ja tjuȫp me tjärron .
Glosses: I drive.PST with cart.DEFF
Translation: I drove [with] a cart.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han jiter sopon me skeiden .
Glosses: he eat.PRS soup.DEFF with spoon.DEFF
Translation: He eats soup with a spoon.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man slōr gräse me līan .
Glosses: one cut.PRS grass.DEFF with scythe.DEFF
Translation: One cuts the grass with a scythe.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bara man tar innoger tāg me hyviln .
Glosses: just one take.PRS a_few take.PL with plane.DEFF
Translation: This will surely be good, if you take a few shavings with a plane.’ (
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: å triske bLai nu mike leta .
Glosses: and threshing become.PST now much easy.CMPR
Translation: Now we could begin to cut the rye with a scythe and the threshing became much easier.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: De här ä körpen .
Glosses: this here be.PRS pick.DEFF
Translation: This is a pick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a sola gick nair i sjön .
Glosses: and sun.DEFF go.PST down in lake.DEFF
Translation: Now evening was coming (lit. it started to become the evening), and the sun set in the lake.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dä kjännte Pissen .
Glosses: that feel.PST pussycat.DEFF
Translation: Spring was coming (lit. it was becoming spring), Cat felt that.’ (Cat Corpus)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nu ä dä snart sommarn .
Glosses: now be.PRS it soon summer.DEFF
Translation: Now it will soon be summer.’ (