lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯ-tɯcɯr tú-wɣ-lɤt tɕe tɯ-tɯcɯr
Glosses: three-part IPFV-INV-release LNK one-part
Translation: 13; literally `Making three parts, one part.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sqi nɯ kɯmŋu-tɯkro ɲɯ́-wɣ-lɤt tɕe , ʁnɯz nɤ ʁnɯz ɲɯ́-wɣ-sɤβzu kʰɯ
Glosses: ten DEM five-part IPFV-INV-throw LNK two LNK two IPFV-INV-transform be.possible:FACT
Translation: 105=2; literally `Making 5 parts out of 10, one can make them in sets of two.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯra tʰɯ-sta-nɯ
Glosses: woman DEM:PL AOR-wake.up-PL
Translation: The women woke up.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ jamar kóʁmɯz nɯ lɯlu nɯ , /kɯ/, cʰɤ-sta .
Glosses: DEM about only.then DEM cat DEM ERG IFR-wake.up
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo nɯ mɯ-pɯ-mto-t-a ri nɯ ɯ-sŋi wuma ʑo pɯ-ɣɤndʐo
Glosses: 1SG DEM NEG-AOR-see-TR:PST-1SG LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-day really EMPH PST.IPFV-be.cold
Translation: I did not see it (the eclipse), but on that day is was very cold.' (29-RmGWzWn2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsuku tɯrme ra kú-wɣ-mtsɯɣ-nɯ tɕe mɯ́j-ʁdɯɣ ,
Glosses: some people PL IPFV-INV-bite-PL LNK NEG.SENS-be.serious
Translation: Some people, when they are stung [by bees] are fine.' (26-ndzWrnaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [iɕqʰa pʰantsɯt nɯ] ta-ʑmbri ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: the.aforementioned plate DEM AOR:3→3-make.noise SENS-be
Translation: He made noise with the (magical wish-granting) plate (by hitting on it). (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯ-mu cʰo ndʑi-kɤ-ndza kɤ-tsʰi kɯ-dɯ~dɤn ʑo nɯ] ta-ʑmbri nɤ ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother COMIT 3DU.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat OBJ:PCP-drink SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.many EMPH DEM AOR:3→3-make.noise ADD
Translation: He [made appear] a lot of food and drink for him and his mother by making noise (with the wish-granting plate).' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-mɯ ɲɯ-ɤsɯ-lɤt
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sky SENS-PROG-release
Translation: It is raining.' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕlaʁ ʑo cʰɯ-mda ɕɯŋgɯ tɕe tɕe qale ta-βzu tɕe tɕe cʰɯ-tʂaβ ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: IDPH(I):suddenly EMPH IPFV-be.the.time before LNK LNK wind AOR:3→3-make LNK LNK IPFV-cause.to.fall be:FACT LNK
Translation: When there is wind suddenly before [the barley] is fully ripe, it presses them [on the ground, and it cannot grow any more].' (25-cWXCWz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕirɴɢo nɯnɯ , paʁ ra mɤ-rga-nɯ ri , nɯŋa wuma ʑo rga .
Glosses: Anisodus.tanguticus DEM pig PL NEG-like:FACT-PL LNK cow really EMPH like:FACT
Translation: The Anisodus tanguticus, pigs don't like it, but cows do.' (16-CWrNgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo ʁo nɯ mɤ-rga-a
Glosses: 1SG TOP.ADVERS DEM NEG-like-1SG
Translation: But as for me, I don't like it.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: naŋrzoŋ ɯ-ɲɯ-tɯ-tso ?
Glosses: interior.decoration QU-SENS-2-understand
Translation: Do you understand [the word] `interior decoration'?' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S82"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-mu ɯ-ɕki tɤtʂu nɯ ɲɤ-kʰo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-DAT lamp DEM IFR-give
Translation: He gave the lamp to his mother.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-me ta-mbi ra
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-daughter 1→2-give:FACT be.needed:FACT
Translation: I will give you my daughter.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S281"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤ-ta-mbi ma ʁnɯz nɯ-ta-mbi ri , nɤʑo cʰɤ-tɯ-ɕɣɤz ɕti tɕe
Glosses: NEG-1→2-give:FACT LNK two AOR-1→2-give LNK 2SG IFR-2-give.back be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: I won't give her [my youngest daughter] to you, as I gave you two [of my daughters], and you sent them back.' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ji-me nɯ nɤ-rʑaβ ɲɯ-kʰo-tɕi je , ɲɯ-ta-mbi je to-ti
Glosses: 1PL.POSS-daughter DEM 2SG.POSS-wife IPFV-give-1DU SFP IPFV-1→2-give SFP IFR-say
Translation: He said: `We will give you our daughter in marriage.” (150831 laoshu jianv-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-kɯmtɕʰɯ ɲɯ-ta-mbi
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-toy IPFV-1→2-give
Translation: I give it to you as a toy.' (28-kWpAz) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003714#S166"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki stu kɯ-xtɕi ki tɯrme ɲɯ-pe tɕe
Glosses: DEM.PROX most SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM.PROX person SENS-be.good LNK
Translation: The smallest one is very nice as a person.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo tɯrme wuma ɲɯ-tɯ-pe
Glosses: 2SG person really SENS-2-be.good
Translation: You are very nice as a person.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsʰɤt nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-ɣli nɯnɯ tɤ-rɤku ɯ-taʁ tɯ-ɣli wuma ʑo pe .
Glosses: goat DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-manure DEM INDEF.POSS-crops 3SG.POSS-on INDEF.POSS-manure really EMPH be.good:FACT
Translation: Goat manure is very good as a fertilizer for the crops.' (05-qaZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003404#S27"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbro tɯ-skɤt kɯ-tso ci , a-mbro tɤ-rku-nɯ ra
Glosses: horse c.POSS-speech SBJ:PCP-understand INDEF 1SG.POSS-horse IMP-put.in-PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: Give me a horse who understands human speech as my horse.' (2003 kandzWsqhaj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ ɯ-pʰɯ rŋɯl mɤ-ra ,
Glosses: 1SG:GEN 3SG.POSS-price silver NEG-be.needed:FACT
Translation: I don't want money as the price [for these clothes].' (140506 shizi he huichang de bailingniao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003927#S235"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsuku kɯ paʁndza ɲɯ-nɯ-pʰɯt-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu ri ,
Glosses: some ERG hogwash IPFV-AUTO-pluck-PL SENS-be LNK
Translation: Some people cut [Sambucus] as hogwash.' (12-ndZiNgri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zɣɤmbu ɯ-spa ɲɯ-nɯ-pʰɯt-nɯ ŋgrɤl
Glosses: broom 3SG.POSS-material IPFV-AUTO-cut-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: They cut it to make brooms. (`as a material for brooms')' (140505 sWjno)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo a-tɕɯ tu-ta-nɯ-sɤrtsi ŋu
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-son IPFV-1→2-AUTO-consider.as be:FACT
Translation: I consider you as my son.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wortɕʰi ʑo aʑo nɤ-slama ku-kɯ-wum-a
Glosses: please EMPH 1SG 2SG.POSS-student IPFV-2→1-gather-1SG
Translation: Please take me as your student.' (150907 laoshandaoshi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-pi kɯ nɯra pɯ-fse tɕe , pɣɤtɕɯ ri pɯ́-wɣ-sɯ-sat-a , tɤ-mdzu ri tʰɯ́-wɣ-sɯ-sat-a
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling ERG DEM:PL PST.IPFV-be.like LNK bird also AOR-INV-CAUS-kill-1SG INDEF.POSS-thorn also AOR-INV-CAUS-kill-1SG
Translation: Your elder sister was like that, she had me killed [while I was a] bird, and had also me killed [while I was a] thorn.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯ-qʰu tɕe pɣɤtɕɯ tɤ-sci-a , nɯ ɯ-qʰu tɕe tɤ-mdzu tɤ-sci-a qʰe
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK bird AOR-be.born-1SG DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK INDEF.POSS-thorn AOR-be.born-1SG LNK
Translation: After that I was reborn as a bird, and after that I was reborn as a thorn.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ-mɤrʑaβ qʰe tɕe tɯrme-kʰa jɤ-ari ɕti qʰe
Glosses: LNK AOR-marry LNK LNK people-house AOR-go[II] be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: She married and went to [live in] other people's (her in laws') house.' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S9"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe pjɯ-sɤ-sɯxɕat-a pɯ-ŋu tɕe , rqaco pɯ-rɤʑi-a , tsʰuβdɯn pɯ-rɤʑi-a .
Glosses: LNK IPFV-ANTIPASS-teach-ɕ PST.IPFV-be LNK TOPO PST.IPFV-stay-1SG TOPO PST.IPFV-stay-1SG
Translation: When I was teaching, I lived in Rqakyo and in Tshobdun.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S2"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme ra kɯ nɯ-mtʰɤɣ ɲɯ-rtɤβ-nɯ .
Glosses: people PL ERG 3PL.POSS-waist IPFV-attach-PL
Translation: People attach [badger skin] around their waist (as a remedy for rheumatism).' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe pɤjka ɣɯ cʰo wuma ʑo naχtɕɯɣ .
Glosses: LNK pumpkin GEN COMIT really EMPH be.similar:FACT
Translation: Its [little thorn-like things] are like those of the pumpkin.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯrtsi nɯ pjɯ́-wɣ-βzu tɕe , nɯŋa ra , kɯ nɤ-mɯm-nɯ cʰo wuma ʑo ɣɯ-ɕɯ-fka-nɯ
Glosses: LNK cow.food DEM IPFV-INV-make LNK cow PL ERG TROP-be.tasty:FACT-PL COMIT really EMPH INV-CAUS-be.satiated:FACT-PL
Translation: They make cow food with flour, the cows find it tasty, and it satisfies their hunger.' (140513 tWrtsi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre iɕqʰa <xifangping> nɯ , nɤkinɯ , kɯ `ɯ-wa ɣɯ nɯnɯ tʰɯci ɯ-tɯtʂaŋ ci a-pɯ-tu ra' ntsɯ ɲɯ-sɯsɤm pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK the.aforementioned ANTHR DEM FILLER ERG 3SG.POSS-father GEN DEM something 3SG.POSS-justice INDEF IRR-IPFV-exist be.needed:FACT always SENS-think[III] IFR-be
Translation: Xi Fangping wanted to obtain justice for his father.' (150909 xifangping-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <bageda> kɤ-ti nɯnɯtɕu , zɯ , nɤkinɯ ,
Glosses: TOPO OBJ:PCP-say DEM:LOC LOC FILLER
Translation: In the [place] called Baghdâd…' (140515 facaimeng-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004000#S2"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri ɯ-tɕɯ nɯ kɯ nɯ pjɤ-sɯχsɤl
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-son DEM ERG DEM IFR-recognized
Translation: But the son realized it (that she was a râkshasî).' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo tɯsqar kɯ nɤki nɯ tʰɯ-tɯ́-wɣ-stu ɕti tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG tsampa ERG DEM.MEDIAL DEM AOR-2-INV-do.like be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: Tsampa made you the [way you are now].' = `You grew that big by eating tsampa.' (2011-07-tWsqar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: maʁ nɤ , aʑo tɤ-mɲo-t-a , kɯki kɯ tɕi mɤ-βze rca !
Glosses: not.be:FACT SFP 1SG AOR-prepare-PST:TR-1SG DEM.PROX ERG also NEG-make[III]:FACT SFP
Translation: No, it is I who prepared [our lunch], she does not do it.' (Answer to the question 'Did she prepare your lunch?) (conversation 140510)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ kɯ-fse tɕe tɤscoz ɯʑo kɯ ɲɯ-sɯ-ɣɯt , aʑo kɯ ku-sɯ-tsɯm-a tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like LNK letter 3SG ERG IPFV:WEST-CAUS-bring 1SG ERG IPFV:EAST-CAUS-take.away-1SG LNK
Translation: And like that, she sent me letters, and I sent her letters.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S24"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tɤɕime nɯ kɯ , nɤkinɯ , nɯ ma ɯ-kɤpa pjɤ-me qʰe `jɤɣ jɤɣ jɤɣ' to-ti ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK young.lady DEM ERG FILLER DEM apart.from 3SG.POSS-method IPFV.IFR-not.exist LNK be.possible:FACT be.possible:FACT be.possible:FACT IFR-say SENS-be
Translation: The young lady had no other way but to say “yes, yes, yes".' (140428 mu e guniang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003880#S86"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa rgɤtpu nɯ kɯ , jo-ɣi tɕe , nɤki , ɬɤndʐi nɯnɯ jo-tsʰi
Glosses: the.aforementioned old.man DEM ERG IFR-come LNK FILLER demon DEM IFR-block
Translation: The old man came and stopped the demon.' (140512 fushang he yaomo1-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003969#S59"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯ kɯ tso ma
Glosses: who ERG understand:FACT LNK
Translation: Who would know.' (150909 xiaocui-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006386#S59"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pɯ nɯ ɯ-lu kɯ cʰɯ-sɯ-χse ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young DEM 3SG.POSS-milk ERG IPFV-CAUS-feed[III] SENS-be
Translation: [The whale] feeds its young with milk.' (160703 jingyu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤlpu kɯ nɯnɯ kɯ ɯ-βri a-pɯ-sɯ-χtɕi ndɤre , mɤʑɯ nɤ-sɤ-scit tʰaŋ nɤ !
Glosses: king ERG DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-body IRR-PFV-CAUS-wash LNK even.more TROP-PROP-be.happy:FACT HYPOTH SFP
Translation: If the king washes his body with this, he will find it even nicer.' (140514 xizajiang he lifashi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰaz ɯ-ndʐi kɯ cʰɯ-βzu-nɯ tɕe , nɯ stu kɯ-ʑru .
Glosses: deer 3SG.POSS-hide ERG IPFV-do-PL LNK DEM most SBJ:PCP-precious
Translation: They make [shoes] with deer hide, it is the most precious [type of skin].' (30-mboR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰaz ɯ-ndʐi ʁɟa kɯ ʑo tʰɯ-kɤ-sɯ-βzu
Glosses: deer 3SG.POSS-hide entirely ERG EMPH AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-do
Translation: [It is] entirely made of deer hide.' (30-mboR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-tɕɯ nɯ kɯ sɲikuku ʑo si ʑ-lu-pʰɯt tɕe , nɯ ɲɯ-ntsɣe-ndʑi tɕe , nɯ kɯ ndʑi-xtu cʰɯ-sɯ-χsu-ndʑi pɯ-ŋu ɲɯ-ŋu ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-son DEM ERG every.day EMPH tree TRAL-IPFV-fell LNK DEM IPFV-sell-DU LNK DEM ERG 3DU.POSS-belly IPFV-CAUS-feed-DU PST.IPFV-be SENS-be
Translation: The son went every day to fell trees, they sold [the wood], and they fed their bellies this way.' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kumpɣa cʰo kʰɯna ni li tɤ-mqe tɤ-ndɯt kɯ jo-ɣi-ndʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: chicken COMIT dog du again INDEF.POSS-verbal.fight INDEF.POSS-dispute ERG IFR-come-DU LNK
Translation: The chicken and the dog came fighting and arguing [with each other].' (150826 shier shengxiao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤŋɤm kɯ pjɯ-si ɲɯ-ra .
Glosses: pain ERG IPFV-die SENS-be.needed
Translation: [The animal that is devoured alive by the lions] dies in pain.' (20-sWNgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003562#S45"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯ-ʁrɯm nɯ kɯ tɕe tɕe ɲɯ-ɣɤɕu
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-shade DEM ERG LNK LNK SENS-be.cool
Translation: Due to the shade of the buildings, [this road] is not exposed to the heat of the sun.' (conversation 2014-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qambalɯla nɯ , nɯ ɯ-ndʐa kɯ tʰa ɯβrɤ-si ma
Glosses: butterfly DEM DEM 3SG.POSS-cause ERG later RH.Q-die:FACT SFP
Translation: The butterfly might die because of that.' (150818 muzhi guniang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: li mdaʁʑɯɣ ci to-lɤt tɕe , tɕendɤre , nɤki , qapri kɯ-ɲaʁ nɯ kɯ kɯ-wɣrum nɯnɯ lo-sɯ-qioʁ tɕe tɕe ɲɤ-sɯ-ɤkɤlɤt .
Glosses: again bow one IFR-release LNK LNK filler snake SBJ:PCP-be.black DEM ERG SBJ:PCP-be.white DEM IFR-CAUS-vomit LNK LNK IFR-CAUS-detach
Translation: He shot an arrow and caused the black snake to vomit the white one, and separated it [from the other one].' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S100"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: to-lɤt tɕe tɕendɤre nɯnɯ qapri kɯ-ɲaʁ nɯ , kɯ-wɣrum nɯ kɯ lo-sɯ-qioʁ tɕe ɲɤ-sɯ-ta .
Glosses: IFR-release LNK LNK DEM snake SBJ:PCP-be.black DEM SBJ:PCP-be.white DEM ERG IFR-CAUS-vomit LNK IFR-CAUS-put
Translation: He shot [an arrow] and caused the white one to vomit the black snake and to release it.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤlpu kɯ ɯ-tɕɯ stu kɯ-xtɕi nɯ ɕ-ko-z-rɯru .
Glosses: king ERG 3SG.POSS-son most SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM TRAL-IFR-CAUS-guard
Translation: The king sent his youngest son to guard [the trees].' (140507 jinniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ a-tɕɯ pɯ́-wɣ-sɯ-mto-a
Glosses: 3SG ERG 1SG.POSS-son AOR-INV-CAUS-see-1SG
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ a-tɕɯ kɯ pɯ́-wɣ-sɯ-mto-a
Glosses: 3SG ERG 1SG.POSS-son ERG AOR-INV-CAUS-see-1SG
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mahi nɯnɯ kɯ aʑo sɤz cʰa
Glosses: water.buffalo DEM ERG 1SG COMP can:FACT
Translation: The water buffalo is stronger than me.' (150831 laoshu jianv-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑi-tsʰɯɣa nɯra wuma naχtɕɯɣ . tɕeri tɯrgilaŋlaŋ nɯ kɯ xtɕi .
Glosses: 2DU.POSS-form DEM:PL really be.similar:FACT but fir.cone DEM ERG be.small:FACT
Translation: Their shape is similar, but the fir cone is smaller.' (08-tWrgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003464#S74"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-tɯrpa kɯ sqi jamar ɲɯ-ra .
Glosses: one-pound ERG ten about SENS-be.needed
Translation: You need ten [renminbis] per pound [of Angelica].' (17 ndZWnW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-tɯrpa kɯ ɣurʑa jamar ɲɯ́-wɣ-sɤndu ɲɯ-kʰɯ
Glosses: one-pound ERG hundred about IPFV-INV-exchange SENS-be.possible
Translation: One can exchange (sell) one pound for a hundred [renminbis].' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʂapa tʰamtɕɤt , nɯ-mbro nɯ-jla , nɯŋa paʁ nɯra ɲɤ-mtsʰɤt .
Glosses: pen all 3PL.POSS-horse 3PL.POSS-hybrid.yak cow pig DEM:PL IFR-be.full
Translation: All the pens had become full of horses, hybrid yak, cows and pigs.' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pa nɯtɕu rca , kɯ-nɤmɲo kɯ pjɤ-mtsʰɤt ʑo
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-down DEM:LOC UNEXP:DEG SBJ:PCP-watch ERG IPFV.IFR-be.full EMPH
Translation: Down [the stage], [the seats] were full of spectators.' (150822 yan muouxi de ren-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-qioʁ kɯ tó-wɣ-sɯ-kʰɤt ʑo tɕe , tɕe nóʁmɯz nɤ tɯɣ nɯnɯ ló-wɣ-sɯ-tɕɤt
Glosses: NMLZ:ACTION-vomit ERG IFR-INV-CAUS-do.a.long.time EMPH LNK LNK only.then LNK poison DEM IFR-INV-CAUS-take.out
Translation: [The medicine] caused [Gesar] to vomit a long time until he expelled the poison.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ta-ma kɯ ta-kʰɤt ʑo
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-work ERG AOR:3→3-do.a.long.time EMPH
Translation: He did a lot of work.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤcɤl kɯ tɤ-kʰat-a ʑo
Glosses: conversation ERG AOR-do.a.long.time-1SG EMPH
Translation: I have a long conversation.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ri ɣʑɤndza ɣɯ ɯ-jwaʁ nɯra mɤ-wxti ri , ɲaʁ ʑo qʰe ,
Glosses: LNK Agastache.rugosa GEN 3SG.POSS-leaf DEM:PL NEG-be.big:FACT LNK be.black:FACT EMPH LNK
Translation: The leaves of the Agastache rugosa are not large and quite dark in colour.' (11-qarGW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑo ɣɯ <guoyu> ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , nɯnɯ kɤsɯfse ɣɯ ji-rju ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: 1PL GEN national.language SENS-be LNK DEM all GEN 1PL.POSS-speech SENS-be LNK
Translation: [Chinese] is our national language, it is our common language.' (150901 tshuBdWnskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ci kɯ-wxti ɣɯ kɯnɤ ɯ-rkɯ ri nɯra tu ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water SBJ:PCP-be.big GEN also 3SG.POSS-side LOC DEM:PL exist:FACT be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: [Dragonflies] are also found near large rivers.' (26-quspunmbro)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paχɕi ɯ-jwaʁ tsa fse ri , nɯ sɤznɤ artɯm ,
Glosses: apple 3SG.POSS-leaf a.little be.like:FACT LNK DEM COMP be.round:FACT
Translation: [Its leaves] are a little like the leaves of an apple tree, but more round.' (09-mi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-rɣi nɯnɯ , nɤki , <beigua> ɣɯ sɤz ɲɯ-jaʁjɯ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-seed DEM FILLER pumpkin GEN COMP SENS-be.thick.and.strong
Translation: Its seeds are thicker than those of the pumpkin.' (16-CWrNgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003518#S126"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰaz pʰu nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-ʁrɯ ɣɤʑu
Glosses: deer male DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-horn exist:SENS
Translation: The male deer has horns.' (27-qartshAz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ a-βlu tu
Glosses: 1SG:GEN 1SG.POSS-trick exist:FACT
Translation: I have an idea.' (140507 tangguowu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003933#S28"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ maka kɤ-ntɕʰoz mɤ-kɯ-ɤrɕo kɯ-fse ʑo tɯrɟɯ laχtɕʰa ɯʑo ɣɯ tu-ɣɤ-te-a jɤɣ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS ERG at.all INF-use NEG-INF:STAT-be.finished INF:STAT-be.like EMPH wealth thing 3SG.POSS GEN IPFV-CAUS-exist[III]-1SG be.possible:FACT
Translation: [If someone saves me], I will make him have more wealth and riches than he can ever use.' (140512 yufu yu mogui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qamtɕɯr nɯ ɯ-mtɕʰi nɯnɯ βʑɯ sɤznɤ mɤʑɯ ʑo amtɕoʁ tɕe nɯ βʑɯ ɣɯ ɯ-qiɯ kɯnɤ me
Glosses: shrew DEM 3SG.POSS-mouth DEM mouse COMP yet EMPH be.pointy LNK DEM mouse GEN 3SG.POSS-half even not.exist:FACT
Translation: The shrew's mouth is even sharper than that of the mouse, and [its size] is not even half that of the mouse.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯ ʑo stu kɯ-mɤku pɯ-tɯ-mto-t nɯnɯ , laχtɕʰa pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu , tɯrme pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu nɯ , aʑɯɣ nɯ-kʰɤm tɕe tɕendɤre , aʑo ɲɯ-ta-lɤt jɤɣ
Glosses: who EMPH most SBJ:PCP-be.first AOR-2-see-PST:TR DEM thing PST.IPFV-AUTO-be person PST.IPFV-AUTO-be DEM 1SG:GEN IMP-give[III] LNK LNK 1SG IPFV-1→2-release be.possible:FACT
Translation: Give me the first thing that you see [when you arrive home], be it a person or an object, and I will release you.' (140506 shizi he huichang de bailingniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɤ-tsɯm tɕe iɕqʰa nɯ kɯβʁa nɯ ɣɯ a-nɯ-tɯ-kʰɤm
Glosses: IMP-take.away LNK the.aforementioned DEM noble DEM GEN IRR-PFV-2-give[III]
Translation: Take it and give it to the nobleman.' (150831 renshen wawa-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006418#S43"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ ɯ-ɕɤrɯ ra
Glosses: 1SG:GEN 3SG.POSS-bone be.needed:FACT
Translation: I want its bones.' (07-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003426#S9"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ wuma ʑo ʁzi ɲɯ-ŋu , a-kɤ-ntɕʰoz sna ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 1SG:GEN really EMPH be.necessary:FACT SENS-be 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-use be.good:FACT SENS-be
Translation: It will be useful for me, it will have good use of it.' (150902 hailibu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006316#S44"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo a-rŋɯl a-χsɤr ra mɤ-ra
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-silver 1SG.POSS-gold PL NEG-be.needed:FACT
Translation: I don't need silver or gold.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [βdaʁmu kɤ-ndo] nɤʑɯɣ a-pɯ-ŋgrɯ qʰe , tɕendɤre tu-tɯ-ŋke maka mɤ-ra
Glosses: queen INF-take 2SG:GEN IRR-PFV-succeed LNK LNK IPFV-2-walk at.all NEG-need:FACT
Translation: If you succeed in becoming the queen, you will not need to walk anymore.' (140504 huiguniang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003909#S188"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑɯɣ tɕʰi tu-nɤme-a ra , tɤ-ti
Glosses: 2SG:GEN what IPFV-do[III]-1SG be.needed:FACT IMP-say
Translation: Tell me what I shall do for you.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-fso tʰɯ-wxti tɕe aʑɯɣ mɤ-pe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-tomorrow AOR-be.big LNK 1SG:GEN NEG-be.good:FACT
Translation: In the future, when he will have grown up, he will cause me trouble.' (`he will not be good to me', 2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora ɣɯ [tɕʰi tu-fse-j tɕe ji-tɯ-ci ɣɤʑu] tu-tɯ-tʰe ɯ-tɯ́-cʰa ?
Glosses: 1PL GEN what IPFV-be.like-1PL LNK 1PL.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water exist:SENS IPFV-2-ask[III] QU-2-can:FACT
Translation: Can you ask on our behalf how we should do to have water?' (2005 divination)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰoʁtɤm ka-wum tɕe , ɯʑɤɣ pjɤ-maʁ kɯ , tɕoχtsi rɟɤlpu ɣɯ ku-wum ,
Glosses: taxes AOR:3→3-collect LNK 3SG:GEN IFR.IPFV-not.be ERG ANTHR king GEN IPFV-collect
Translation: The taxes that he had collected were not for himself, he was collecting them for the king of Cogtse.' (150901 NAjstsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr kʰɯtsa ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu a-tɯ-ci ci tɤ-rke ma wuma ɲɯ-ɕpaʁ-a
Glosses: gold bowl 3SG.POSS-inside DEM:LOC 1SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water a.little IMP-put.in[III] LNK really SENS-be.thirsty-1SG
Translation: Please pour some water in the golden bowl for me, I am thirsty.' (140428 mu e guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri fsapaʁ ɣɯ kɯnɤ ɯ-kɤrnoʁ ɲɯ-mtɕɯr ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: LNK animal GEN also 3SG.POSS-head SENS-turn SENS-be
Translation: But animals too can feel dizzy.' (29-tAmtshAzkAkWndo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr ɣɯ , nɤkinɯ , kʰɯtsa ci to-nɯ-ndo .
Glosses: gold GEN FILLER bowl INDEF IFR-AUTO-take
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre ɯ-jaʁ nɯtɕu [ftsoʁ kɯngɯt ɯ-pʰɯ] ɣɯ srɯnloʁ pjɤ-k-ɤ-rku-ci
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS DEM:LOC female.hybrid.yak nine 3SG.POSS-price GEN ring IFR.IPFV-PEG-pass-put.in-PEG
Translation: She had a ring worth nine female hybrid yak in her hand.' (2003gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ tɯxpalɤskɤr ɣɯ nɯ-mgozmɤrɤβ nɯ nɯ ma pjɤ-me .
Glosses: LNK DEM whole.year GEN 3PL.POSS-vegetable DEM DEM apart.from IFR.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: It was the only vegetable that they had the whole year.' (140522 kAmYW tWji)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-xpa ɣɯ tɯ-ɣli nɯ cʰɯ́-wɣ-tɕɤt tú-wɣ-rmbɯ
Glosses: one-year GEN INDEF.POSS-manure DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-take.out IPFV-INV-heap
Translation: People take out (from the stable) the whole year's manure and heap it up.' (2010-tArAku)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <longtoutan> nɯ kupa-skɤt ɕti . tɕe iʑora ɣɯ tɕʰi tu-kɯ-ti ŋu mɤ-xsi .
Glosses: TOPO DEM Chinese-language be.AFF:FACT LNK 1PL GEN what IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT NEG-GENR:know
Translation: Longtoutan is a Chinese word; I don't know how it is said in our [language].' (150820 qaprANar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ ta-ɕɯ-mŋɤm , aʑɯɣ a-laχtɕʰa ra ja-nɯ-tsɯm-nɯ
Glosses: 1SG:GEN AOR:3→3-CAUS-be.painful 1SG:GEN 1SG.POSS-thing PL AOR:3→3-VERT-take.away-PL
Translation: He hurt me and took away my things.' (140426 luozi he qiangdao) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003814#S31"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɯ-ɣɤndʐo ri kɯ-me], [kɯ-sɤ-mtsɯr ri kɯ-me], [kɤ-nɯsɯmɯzdɯɣ ri mɤ-kɯ-ra] ɣɯ sɤtɕʰa nɯtɕu jo-ɕe-ndʑi ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.cold also SBJ:PCP-not.exist SBJ:PCP-PROP-be.hungry also SBJ:PCP-not.exist INF-worry also NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.needed GEN place DEM:LOC IFR-go-DU SENS-be
Translation: The two of them went to a place where they was cold cold and hunger, and where one did not need to worry.' (140519 mai huochai de xiao nvhai-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [tɯ-xpa tu-kɯ-ɬoʁ] ɣɯ sɯjno nɯ ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK one-year IPFV-SBJ:PCP-come.out GEN TOPO DEM be:FACT LNK
Translation: It is an annual plant.' (18-NGolo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ɕɣa a-tɤ-mŋɤm tɕe tɕe tɤ-rca tɯ-ɣmba , tɯ-ku nɯra tu-mŋɤm ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , nɯnɯ “[tɯ-ɕɣa kɯ-mŋɤm] ɣɯ ɯ-rɟɤŋgo ɣɤʑu" tu-kɯ-ti ŋu .
Glosses: GENR.POSS-tooth IRR-PFV-be.painful LNK LNK INDEF.POSS-following GENR.POSS-cheek GENR.POSS-head DEM:PL IPFV-be.painful SENS-be LNK DEM INDEF.POSS-tooth SBJ:PCP-be.painful GEN 3SG.POSS-radiating.pain exist:SENS IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: When one has a toothache, and that one feels pain in one's cheek or a headache, one says `the toothache has a radiating pain.” (140516 WrJANgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [<donggua> cʰo <qiezi> ni tɕʰi ʑo mɯ́j-naχtɕɯɣ] ɣɯ ɯ-tɕʰa a-jɤ-tɯ-ɣɯt ra
Glosses: gourd COMIT eggplant DU what EMPH NEG:SENS-be.the.same GEN 3SG.POSS-information IRR-PFV-2-bring be.needed:FACT
Translation: [Go there and come back to] tell me in what way gourd and eggplant differ from each other.' (2010-02-yitian bi yitian-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe paʁ ɣɯ [stu ɯ-kɤ-nɯmga], iʑora ji-kɤ-nɯmga nɯ ɯ-ɕa ŋu tɕe
Glosses: LNK pig GEN most 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-want.from 1PL 1PL.POSS-OBJ:PCP-want.from DEM 3SG.POSS-meat be:FACT LNK
Translation: What is most wanted from pigs, what we want from them is their meat.' (05-paR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: slama ra ɣɯ [tʰɯtʰɤci kɯ-fse], nɯ kɤ-rɤ-βzjoz ra ɲɯ-stu mɯ́j-stu nɯ , nɯ-stu ɲɯ-nɤma-nɯ mɯ́j-nɤma-nɯ , nɯnɯra nɯ-pʰama ra nɯ-ɕki kɯ-rɤ-fɕɤt ɲɯ-ra .
Glosses: student PL GEN something SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM INF-ANTIPASS-learn PL SENS-be.assiduous SENS-be.assiduous DEM 3PL.POSS-truth SENS-work-PL NEG:SENS-work-PL DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-parent PL 3PL.POSS-DAT GENR:S/O-ANTIPASS-tell:FACT SENS-be.needed
Translation: One has to tell the parents all kinds of things concerning the students, whether they try hard or not, whether they work seriously or not.' (150901 tshuBdWnskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rgɤtpu nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-kɯ-rtoʁ jo-ɣi .
Glosses: old.man DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-see IFR-come
Translation: He came to see the old man.' (150908 menglang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: japa tɕe alo <ercha> nɯtɕu , nɤkinɯ , iɕqʰa tsʰapa co nɯtɕu tɯɲɤt cʰɤ-ɣi .
Glosses: last.year LNK upstream TOPO DEM:LOC FILLER FILLER TOPO valley DEM:LOC rock.slide IFR:DOWNSTREAM-come
Translation: Last year, at Ercha, at the valley of Tshapa, there was a rock slide.' (160715 nWNa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jo-nɯ-ɕe tɕe , tʂu tɕu ɲɤ-mtsɯr ,
Glosses: IFR-AUTO-go LNK road LOC IFR-be.hungry
Translation: He went away, and on the road he felt hungry.' (2002 qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤxtɤndo tɕu ko-zo
Glosses: side.of.the.top.terrace LOC IFR-land
Translation: [The raven] landed on the side of the top terrace.' (2002 qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯβʁa ra ɣɯ nɯ-kʰa ɯ-kɯm nɯtɕu cʰɤ-nɯ-ɬoʁ tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM nobleman PL GEN 3PL.POSS-house 3SG.POSS-door DEM:LOC IFR:DOWNSTREAM-AUTO-come.out LNK
Translation: He went out from the door of the nobleman's house.' (140513 mutong de disheng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmɯkɤrŋi ɯ-me kɯɕnɯz nɯ nɯ-jaʁ zɯ , nɤkinɯ , <shanzi> kɯ-mpɕɯ~mpɕɤr ʑo , qale ɯ-sɤ-lɤt nɯ pjɤ-k-ɤsɯ-ndo-nɯ-ci tɕe , tɯmɯnɤmkʰa zɯ pjɤ-nɯ-ɬoʁ-nɯ .
Glosses: heaven 3SG.POSS-daughter seven DEM 3PL.POSS-hand LOC FILLER fan SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.beautiful EMPH wind 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-release DEM IFR.IPFV-PEG-PROG-hold-PL-PEG LNK sky LOC IFR:DOWN-AUTO-come.out-PL
Translation: The seven daughters of heaven, holding beautiful fans in their hands, came down from the sky.' (150828 niulang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-mbro ɯ-jme zɯ kɤ-zo ,
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-horse 3SG.POSS-tail LOC IMP-land
Translation: Land on my horse's tail.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤxtu ri pɯ-rɤʑi-a tɕe tɤ-mtʰɯm tu-ndze-a pɯ-ŋu ri ,
Glosses: terrace LOC PST.IPFV-stay-1SG LNK INDEF.POSS-meat IPFV-eat[III]-1SG PST.IPFV-be LNK
Translation: I was on the terrace eating meat.' (150909 qandZGi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006358#S4"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ nɯ-kʰa ri ɯʑo kɤ-ari ɯ-qʰu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK DEM 3PL.POSS-house LOC 3SG AOR:EAST-go[II] 3SG.POSS-after LNK
Translation: After he went to [his wife's family's] house…' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S165"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tsʰuβdɯn kɯ-sɤ-sɯxɕɤt lɤ-ari-a . tɕe nɯre ri li a-kumpɣa pɯ-tu tɕe
Glosses: LNK TOPO NMLZ-ANTIPASS-teach AOR:UPSTREAM-go[II]-1SG LNK DEM:LOC LOC again 1SG.POSS-hen PST.IPFV-exist LNK
Translation: I went to Tshobdun to teach. There, I had a hen again.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S69"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo tɕekɯ nɯtɕu zɯ pjɤ-rɤʑi qʰe
Glosses: 3SG EAST DEM:LOC LOC IFR.IPFV-stay LNK
Translation: (When) he was on the east side, …' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-xsoz ri tɕe jo-ɣi ri , ɯ-βri tɤʑri ɣɤʑu , ɲɯ-ɤci .
Glosses: one-morning LOC LNK IFR-come LNK 3SG.POSS-body dew exist:SENS SENS-be.wet
Translation: One morning, [our hen] came [back from the forest, where it was laying eggs] and its body was wet from the dew.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S19"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-xpa nɯtɕu … tɯ-tɯpʰu , ɣʑo nɯra kɯ , ɣʑɤzga nɯnɯ , nɯnɯ sqɯ-tɯrpa ɯ-ro nɯ ku-sɯ-ɤjtɯ-nɯ ɲɯ-cʰa-nɯ .
Glosses: one-year DEM:LOC _ one-hive bee DEM:PL ERG honey DEM DEM ten-pound 3SG.POSS-excess DEM IPFV-CAUS-accumulate-PL SENS-can-PL
Translation: In one year, one hive, the bees, the honey, they can gather more than ten pounds of it.' (26-GZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003668#S33"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯ-sŋi tɕe ɲɤ-k-ɤtɯɣ-ci tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK one-day LNK IFR-PEG-meet-PEG LNK
Translation: One day, [the bear finally] met [the rabbit].' (2011-13-qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kupa-cʰu nɯra , atʰi pɕoʁ nɯra , ɯ-pɕi nɯra kɯ kɯre ri ɣɯ-cʰɯ-sɯ-χtɯ-nɯ ŋu .
Glosses: LNK Chinese-APPROX.LOC DEM:PL downstream side DEM:PL 3SG.POSS-outside DEM:LOC ERG DEM.PROX:LOC LOC CISL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-but-PL be:FACT
Translation: People from the Chinese areas downstream, outsiders, send [people] here to buy [these mushrooms]. (20-grWBgrWB) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003554#S57"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-jwaʁ ɯ-ʁɤri ɯ-stu nɯ ɲɯ-ɤrŋi , ɯ-jwaʁ ɯ-qʰu-cʰu nɯ ɲɯ-pɣi ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-leaf 3SG.POSS-front 3SG.POSS-direction DEM SENS-be.green 3SG.POSS-leaf 3SG.POSS-behind-APPROX.LOC DEM SENS-be.grey
Translation: The upper side of its leaves is green, and the lower side is grey.' (13-NanWkWmtsWG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003492#S7"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-xtɤpa cʰo ɯ-mi , ɯ-jaʁ , ɯ-ŋgɯ-cʰu nɯra ɲɯ-wɣrum .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-lower.belly COMIT 3SG.POSS-foot 3SG.POSS-hand 3SG.POSS-INSIDE-APPROX.LOC DEM:PL SENS-be.white
Translation: The lower part of its body, its feet, its paws, the inside part are white.' (20-xsar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pa jɯl pɕoʁ nɤki , tɯ-ji ɯ-rkɯ nɯra maka me . rɯŋgu kɯnɤ lo-cʰu koŋla ʑo kɯ-ɣɤndʐo mɤɕtʂa tʰi nɯra me
Glosses: down village side FILLER INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-side DEM:PL at.all not.exist:FACT pasture also upstream-APPROX.LOC completely EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.cold until downstream DEM:PL not.exist:FACT
Translation: It is not found down in the villages, near the fields. Even on the pastures, it only exists at high altitudes where it is very cold, not lower.' (15-babW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-rɟara cʰɯ pjɤ-k-ɤmdzɯ-ci tɕe ,
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-yard INDEF.LOC PST.IPFV-PEG-sit-PEG LNK
Translation: She was sitting in their yard.'(150907 yingning-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006264#S57"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-βzɯr cʰizɯ , nɤki , kɯ-spoʁ ci pjɤ-tu tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-corner INDEF.LOC FILLER SBJ:PCP-have.a.hole INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist LNK
Translation: In one of the corners, there was a hole.' (140510 sanpian sheye-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003945#S62"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯ-mɯ-cʰɯ nɯ ɯ-kɯ-ru nɯ ɯ-ɣmɤr ɯ-ŋgɯ ʑo ɕ-pjɤ-lɤt ,
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-sky-towards DEM 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-look.at DEM 3SG.POSS-mouth 3SG.POSS-inside EMPH TRAL-IFR-release
Translation: It dropped [the medicine] inside the mouth of [Gesar], who was [lying on his back] face up towards the sky.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kutɕu zgo tɕe tɕekɯ zgo ku-nɯ-tsɯm ɲɯ-ŋgrɤl ma
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC mountain LOC east mountain IPFV:EAST-AUTO-take.away SENS-be.usually.the.case LNK
Translation: [The crossoptilon] would take [the weasel] from the mountain here to the mountain over there (on the other side of the river).' (23-qapGAmtWmtW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003608#S82"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ci nɯra pa tɕe taʁ ʁɟa ʑo ɣɯ-tsɯm pjɤ-ra .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water DEM:PL down LOC up completely EMPH INV-take.away:FACT IFR.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: One had to bring water from the lower part [of the valley] upwards.' (140522 RdWrJAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsɯ tɕe ɲɯ-jpum ftɕar tɕe tu-mbro ŋu .
Glosses: winter LOC IPFV-be.thick summer LOC IPFV-be.high be:FACT
Translation: It grows thicker in winter, and taller in summer. (07-tAtho) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003432#S19"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo a-sɯm tɕe , nɯ-ʁrɯ ʑo ɣɤʑu ɕti tɕe
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-mind LOC 3PL.POSS-horn EMPH exist:SENS be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: In my opinion, [since] they have horns, (they should be able to fight the predators off).' (20-RmbroN)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯʑo ɯ-sɯm tɕe tɕe tu-tsɯm tɕe tɕendɤre iʑora ji-sɤtɕʰa ra lonba ʑo tɯ-ci ɲɯ-sɯ-ɤβze to-ʁmɯɣ .
Glosses: LNK 3SG 3SG.POSS-mind LOC LNK IPFV:UP-take LNK LNK 1PL 1PL.POSS-place PL all EMPH INDEF.POSS-water IPFV-CAUS-become[III] IFR-have.the.intention
Translation: In his mind, [the snake] wanted to take the water upwards and transform our whole area into water.' (150820 qaprANar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯʑo cʰo] kɯ-naχtɕɯɣ [sɯjno , xɕaj ma mɤ-kɯ-ndza nɯra cʰonɤ] amɯmi-nɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG COMIT SBJ:PCP-be.the.same vegetables grass apart.from NEG-SBJ:PCP-eat DEM:PL COMIT be.on.good.terms:FACT-PL LNK
Translation: [The rabbit] is on good terms with [the animals] which eat only grass and vegetables like him.' (04-qala2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kʰu cʰondɤre] mbro ni to-rɤkrɤz-ndʑi .
Glosses: tiger COMIT horse DU IFR-discuss-DU
Translation: The tiger and the horse had a discussion.' (20-tArka)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-rqʰu nɯ ɣɯrni laʁma ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯ [sɤjku cʰo] ɲɯ-naχtɕɯɣ-ndʑi ri
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-bark DEM be.red:FACT apart.from.the.fact 3SG.POSS-inside DEM birch COMIT SENS-be.the.same-DU LNK
Translation: Apart from the fact that its bark is red, it is identical in the inside with the birch.' (06-mbrAj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-wɯ cʰo a-ʁi ni cʰɯ-ɣi-ndʑi ra ma ʑɤni-sti kɤ-rɤʑi mɤ-cʰa-ndʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grand.father COMIT 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling DU IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-DU be.needed:FACT LNK 3DU-alone INF-stay NEG-can:FACT-DU LNK
Translation: My grandfather and my younger brother have to come, they cannot stay by themselves.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri ɯʑo ndɤre , qajdo cʰo ra kɯ ndɤ tú-wɣ-ndza ɕti
Glosses: but 3SG ADVERS crow COMIT PL ERG ADVERS IPFV-INV-eat be.AFF:FACT
Translation: But it is eaten by crows and other [animals].' (26-NalitCaRmbWm)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯ-pɯ ra cʰo] tɯtɯrca to-ndza-nɯ tɕe to-nɯ-ʑɣɤ-ɕɯ-fka-nɯ ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young PL COMIT together IFR-eat-PL LNK IFR-AUTO-REFL-CAUS-be.full-PL EMPH SENS-be
Translation: [The eagle] ate them together with its fledglings and they ate to their full.' (huli yu shanying-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-rʑaβ cʰo ndʑi-me ci tu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-wife COMIT 3DU.POSS-daughter one exist:FACT LNK
Translation: He and his wife have a daughter.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-rpi nɤ tɤ-rpi ʑo ɲɯ-sɯ-βzu-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sutra ADD INDEF.POSS-sutra EMPH IPFV-CAUS-make-PL SENS-be LNK
Translation: They ask [lamas] to chant sutras after sutras.' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-χti nɯ kɯ cʰa ntsɯ ku-tsʰi pɯ-ŋu tɕe cʰa nɤ cʰa ku-tsʰi pjɯ-ɕti tɕe
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-companion DEM ERG alcohol always IPFV-drink PST.IPFV-be LNK alcohol add alcohol IPFV-drink IPFV-be.AFF LNK
Translation: Her husband used to drink all the time, drank alcohol again and again.' (17-lhazgron)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ci nɯ taʁ nɤ taʁ , taʁ nɤ taʁ tu-ɣi pjɤ-ɕti
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water DEM up ADD up up ADD up IPFV:UP-come IFR.IPFV-be.AFF
Translation: The water was raising up and up.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʂu nɤ tʂu pjɤ-ɕe qʰe ,
Glosses: path ADD path IFR:DOWN-go LNK
Translation: He went all the way down.' (140511 alading-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003953#S102"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qandʑɣi sɤznɤ ɲɯ-wxti , qaliaʁ sɤznɤ ɲɯ-xtɕi
Glosses: falcon COMP SENS-be.big eagle COMP SENS-be.small
Translation: It is bigger than a falcon, and smaller than an eagle.' (2011-08-kuwu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo nɯ aʑo sɤz tɯ-xpa wxti
Glosses: 3SG DEM 1SG COMP one-year be.big:FACT
Translation: She is one year older than me.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S85"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-jwaʁ nɯ , … tɯ-xpa sɤz tɯ-xpa lu-dɤn ŋu ma
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-leaf DEM _ one-year COMP one-year IPFV-be.many be:FACT LNK
Translation: There are more needles (`leaves') each year.' (08-saCW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003462#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-mu kɤ-fsraŋ mɤ-tɯ-cʰa tɕe , nɯ sɤznɤ , a-rca jɤ-ɣi tɕe , a-rca , nɤki , laχɕi pɯ-βzjoz
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-mother INF-protect NEG-2-can:FACT LNK DEM COMP 1SG.POSS-following IMP-come LNK 1SG.POSS-following FILLER trade IMP-learn
Translation: You cannot save your mother, rather than that, come with me to learn some abilities.' (150826 baoliandeng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki kɤ-rtsi kɯ-tu me nɤ , aʑo nɯ sɤznɤ , nɤkinɯ , kʰa kɯ-qanɯ~nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ zɯ , nɤkinɯ , tɯ-ɕpɤβ kɯβde-rzɯɣ tɤ-kɤ-lɤt nɯnɯ ku-sɤlɤɣi-a cʰa-a ɕti nɤ !
Glosses: DEM.PROX INF-count SBJ:PCP-exist not.exist:FACT SFP 1SG DEM COMP FILLER house SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.dark 3SG.POSS-inside LOC FILLER INDEF.POSS-corpse four-section AOR-OBJ:PCP-release DEM IPFV-combine-1SG can:FACT-1SG be.AFF:FACT SFP
Translation: [What you ask] is nothing, I am even able to put together a corpse that had been cut into four pieces in a dark house.' (140512 alibaba-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki sɤlaŋpʰɤn ki nɯ sɤznɤ ɲɯ-wxti wo tɕe kʰa ju-nɯ-tsɯm-a tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM.PROX basin DEM.PROX DEM COMP SENS-be.big SFP LNK house IPFV-VERT-take-1SG LNK
Translation: This basin is really big, I will take it home.' (150831 jubaopen)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯm ci mɯma nɯnɯ tɕe znde ʁɟa ʑo ɕti
Glosses: door one apart.from DEM LNK wall completely EMPH be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Apart from one door, there are walls everywhere.' (2011-11-kha)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [aʑɯɣ ɯ-ɕa ra] ma nɯ ma kɯ-ra me
Glosses: 1SG.GEN 3SG.POSS-meat be.needed:FACT LNK DEM apart.from SBJ:PCP-be.needed not.exist:FACT
Translation: I want its meat, and nothing else.' (02-deluge2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-pɤtso kɯ-ɣɤwu ʑo kɤ-nɯɕpɯz mɤ-spe-a ma nɯ mɯma spe-a
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child SBJ:PCP-cry EMPH INF-imitate NEG-be.able[III]:FACT-1SG LNK DEM apart.from be.able[III]:FACT-1SG
Translation: I cannot imitate a child crying, but apart from that I can imitate [anything].' (27-kikakCi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-pɤtso kɯ-dɤn nɯra tɕe , tɯ-pɤrme , ʁnɯ-pɤrme jamar mɤɕtʂa tɯ-nɯ ku-tsʰi-nɯ .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child SBJ:PCP-be.many DEM:PL LNK one-year.old two-year.old about until INDEF.POSS-breast IPFV-drink-PL
Translation: In [families where] children are numerous, [mothers] breastfeed [the children] until [they are] one or two years old.' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akɯ mɤɕtʂa ɣɯ-ku-ta-lɤt
Glosses: east until CISL-IPFV:EAST-1→2-release
Translation: I will accompany you until the [land of the] east.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S205"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤ-sɤŋo ʁɟa qʰe , nɯ-mtɕʰi kɤ-χpjɤt ʁɟa kɯ kú-wɣ-spa ɕti . nɯ mɤɕtʂa mɤ-kʰɯ .
Glosses: INF-hear completely LNK 3PL.POSS-mouth INF-observe completely ERG IPFV-INV-be.able be.AFF:FACT DEM until NEG-be.possible:FACT
Translation: (In order to learn the Tshobdun language, since it has no writing system), one has no choice but to listen and observe people's mouth to learn it, otherwise it is not possible.' (150901 tshuBdWnskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora pɤjkʰu <yiyue> <ershiduohao> mɤɕtʂa mɯ́j-lɤt-nɯ kʰi .
Glosses: 1PL still January twentieth.plus until NEG:SENS-release-PL hearsay
Translation: [At] our [place], they will only have [vacations] on the twentieth something of January, they say.' = `They won't have [vacations] until the twentieth of January.' (conversation, 14-12-24)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma kɯtɕimke nɯnɯtɕu , akɯ ku-ru tɕe , praʁwɯ ɕaŋdi sɤ-mto , andi tɕe tɕe , ɕɯfco ɕaŋkɯ nɯ sɤ-mto tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK TOPO DEM:LOC east IPFV:EAST-look.at LNK TOPO west.from PROP-see:FACT west LNK LNK TOPO east.from DEM PROP-see:FACT LNK
Translation: In Kuchimke, looking towards the east, [the areas] to the west of Praqwu are visible, and in the west, [the areas] to the east of Shyufkyo are visible.' (150904 tshAcim)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmŋɤsqɤ-rʑaʁ ɕaŋtaʁ cʰɯ-mdɯ-nɯ mɤ-ŋgrɤl tu-ti-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: fifty-day up.from IPFV-live.up.to-PL NEG-be.usually.the.case:FACT IPFV-say-PL SENS-be
Translation: They cannot live more than fifty days, it is said.' (26-GZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003668#S39"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe stu kɯ-dɤn nɯnɯ tɯ-xpa [tɯ-ɣjɤn ɕaŋtaʁ] kɯ-ɤmɯtɯɣ pɯ-me
Glosses: LNK most SBJ:PCP-be.many DEM one-year one-time up.from GENR-RECIP:meet PST.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: At most, we would only meet once per year (we had no opportunity to meet more than once a year).' (12-BzaNsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pɯ nɯnɯ χsɯm ɕaŋtaʁ tu mɯ́j-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young DEM three up.from exist:FACT NEG:SENS-be.usually.the.case
Translation: It does not usually have more than three offsprings.' (2011-08-kuwu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-mu nɤ-wa ni ɕaŋpa , a-ɣe ɕaŋtaʁ tɤ-rɯndzaŋspa-nɯ je !
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-mother 2SG.POSS-father DU down.from 1SG.POSS-grandchild up.from IMP-be.careful SFP
Translation: Be careful, [all of you] from your parents (in the upper generation) to my grandson (in the lower generation).' (conversation, 29-09-2020)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wortɕʰi ʑo βɣɤru ci ɕaŋtaʁ ʑo tɤ-sɯ-ɤwɯwum-nɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: please EMPH miller INDEF up.from EMPH IFR-CAUS-RECIP:gather-PL LNK
Translation: Please gather [everybody], from the miller (i.e. the lowliest of servants) up [to the highest ranking person].' (2003 kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-mke ɕaŋpa tɕe tɕe ki tɯ-mɤmke mɤɕtʂa kɯ-zɣɯt kɯ-rɲɟi pjɯ-ŋu ra .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-neck down.from LNK LNK DEM.PROX INDEF.POSS-ankle until SBJ:PCP-reach SBJ:PCP-be.long IPFV-be be.needed:FACT
Translation: [Tibetan clothes] have to be long [enough] so as to reach the ankle down from the neck.' (30-tWNga)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora kɯ , nɤki , tsʰuβdɯn ɕaŋlo nɯra `stɤtpa-pɯ' tu-ti-j ŋu .
Glosses: 1PL ERG FILLER TOPO upstream.from DEM:PL pl.n.-person IPFV-say-1PL be:FACT
Translation: We call the people [who live] in Tshobdun and further upstream `Stotpa'.' (23-tCAphW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sqamnɯ-pɤrme ɕaŋpa nɯnɯ tɯ-ɕɣa tu-nɤsci kʰɯ
Glosses: twelve-years.old down.from DEM GENR.POSS-tooth IPFV-exchange be.possible:FACT
Translation: Those under twelve years old, their teeth can be replaced.' (27-tWCGArgu) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003708#S55"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤte sqamŋu-sŋi ɕɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu tɕe , nɤki , nɯ-rlaʁ tɕe nɯ-me pɯ-ŋu ɲɯ-ŋu , tɕʰeme nɯ ,
Glosses: that.is fifteen-day before DEM.LOC LNK FILLER AOR-disappear LNK AOR-not.exist PST.IPFV-be SENS-be girl DEM
Translation: That is, fifteen days before, she had disappeared, that girl.' (tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯ-sŋi χsɤ-rʑaʁ mɤɕtʂa a-mɤ-tɤ-tɯ-rɤru ra ma tɕe mɤ-pʰɤn nɯra to-ti . matɕi tɕetʰa χsɯ-sŋi χsɤ-rʑaʁ ɕɯŋgɯ ɯʑo ɲɯ-pʰɣo pjɤ-ra lo
Glosses: three-day three-night until IRR-NEG-PFV-2-get.up be.needed:FACT LNK LNK NEG-be.efficient:FACT DEM:PL IFR-say because later three-day three-night before 3SG IPFV-flee IFR.IPFV-be.needed SFP
Translation: [The rabbit] said `Don't get up until three days and three nights [have passed]', because [the rabbit was buying time] and had to flee before [the end of] these three days and nights.' (140427 qala cho kWrtsag)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo ɕɯŋgɯ a-pi ra atu rɤʑi-nɯ tɕe , nɯnɯra ɣɯ nɯ-rmi tɤ-z-mɤke qʰe ,
Glosses: 1SG before 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling PL up.there stay:FACT-PL LNK DEM:PL GEN 3PL.POSS-name IMP-CAUS-be.first[III] LNK
Translation: Before [you choose a name for] me, [choose] the names of my elder brothers up there first.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-xso ʑɴɢɯloʁ nɯnɯ , tɕe sqamŋu-xpa mɤɕtʂa ɯ-mat ku-tsʰoʁ mɯ́j-cʰa . pɯ́-wɣ-ji ɕimɯma , ɯ-rɣi pjɯ́-wɣ-ji ɯ-qʰu , sqamŋu-xpa kóʁmɯz nɤ ɯ-mat ku-tsʰoʁ ŋu tu-ti-nɯ ŋgrɤl tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-normal walnut DEM LNK fifteen-year until 3SG.POSS-fruit IPFV-attach NEG:SENS-can AOR-INV-plant just.after 3SG.POSS-seed IPFV-INV-plant 3SG.POSS-after fifteen-year only.after LNK 3SG.POSS-fruit IPFV-attach be:FACT IPFV-say-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT LNK
Translation: Usually, the walnut tree cannot have walnuts until fifteen years [have passed]. Just after one has planted it, after one plants its seeds, it is only fifteen years later that it bears nuts, they say.' (12-ndZiNgri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tʰam kɯβdesqi ɯ-ro to-pa ma <liu .jiu .nian> pɕintɕɤt
Glosses: LNK now fourty 3SG.POSS-excess IFR-pass.X.years LNK 1969 since
Translation: Now it has been forty years [we have known each other], since 1969.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S12"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕiʑo pɯ-ari-tɕi ŋu , mtsʰukʰa pɯ-ftɕɤt-tɕi ŋu , nɯ ɯ-qʰu pɕintɕɤt tɕe , nɯ-ʁgra nɯ nɯ-me ŋu
Glosses: 1DU AOR:DOWN-go[II]-1DU be:FACT lake AOR-subdue-1DU be:FACT DEM 3SG.POSS-after since LNK 2PL.POSS-enemy DEM AOR-not.exist be:FACT
Translation: We went down [into the lake], subdued the [demons in] the lake, and from that time on, your enemy is no more.' (Nyima.'Odzer 2003.2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɤ-mu nɯ , nɯ ɯ-qʰu ɕaŋpɕi ʑo kɤ-rɯndzɤqʰɤjɯ ta-znɯna
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-mother DEM DEM 3SG.POSS-after from.that.time.on EMPH INF-eat.without.sharing AOR:3→3-stop
Translation: From that [time] on, the mother stopped to eat on her own without sharing.' (tWJo 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯr nɯtɕu iɕqʰa tɤtɕɯpɯ nɯnɯra , jɯfɕɯr jɤznɤ tu-ndze-a tɕe pɯ-apa wo ri
Glosses: yesterday DEM:LOC the.aforementioned boy DEM:PL yesterday when IPFV-eat[III]-1SG LNK PST.IPFV-be.correct SFP LNK
Translation: I should have eaten these boys yesterday.' (160705 poucet5-v2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-ŋgu jɤznɤ tɕe , ɯ-mɤlɤjaʁ nɯra mɯ-cʰɯ-pʰaʁ-nɯ tɕe , tɕe nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-ndʐi kɯ-fsɯ~fse nɯ pjɯ-qaʁ-nɯ tɕe tɕe
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-beginning when LNK 3SG.POSS-limb DEM:PL NEG-IPFV-cut-PL LNK LNK DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-skin SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.like DEM IPFV-remove.skin-PL LNK LNK
Translation: In the beginning, they don't cut off the limbs (from the cattle's body), and take out the skin [in such a way as to preserve its shape] exactly like [that of the living animal].' (06-BGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003408#S68"></fn>