lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpi kɯ joɣi tɕe , tɯci kɤɕar toznɯna tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-elder.sibling ERG IFR-come LNK INDEF.POSS-water inf-search IFR-stop LNK
Translation: His brother came and stopped looking for water.' (2002 nyimawodzer)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯsta tɤnɯsɯqaʁa
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-place AOR-AUTO-delimit-1SG
Translation: I delimited the site [to build] the house.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ mɤkɯftsʰi ɲɯkɯnɯsɯkʰoa pɯ~pɯɕti qʰe , kɯki aʑo sɤlaŋpʰɤn ki pjɯqria ŋu
Glosses: DEM forcing IPFV-2→1-extort-1SG COND~PST.IPFV-be.AFF LNK DEM.PROX 1SG basin DEM.PROX IPFV-break[III]-1SG be:FACT
Translation: If you [try] to take it from me forcibly, I will break this basin.' (150831 jubaopen-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri tɤɕime nɯ kɯ , tɕe ɯwa nɯ kɯ mɯtówɣsɯftsʰi qʰe , nɯnɯ ɕɯŋgɯ ɯsŋi tʰɯtʰɤci pɯkɯfse nɯnɯra ɯwa ɯtɯfɕɤt pjɤβzu
Glosses: but girl DEM ERG LNK 3SG.POSS-father DEM ERG NEG-IFR-INV-force LNK DEM before 3SG.POSS-day something PST.IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM:PL 3SG.POSS-father 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:ACTION-tell IFR-make
Translation: The girl, pressed by her father, told him everything that had happened in the day before that.' (140429 qingwa wangzi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wuma ʑo ɲɯmŋɤm tɕendɤre mɯcʰɤftsʰi tɕe pjɤɣi tɕe
Glosses: really EMPH SENS-hurt LNK NEG-IFR-feel.better LNK IFR:DOWN-come LNK
Translation: It hurt a lot, she could not stand it and came [down to Mbarkham for treatment].' (12-BzaNsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤanbaʁa
Glosses: AOR-hide-1SG
Language: Japhug
Transcription: arɟit ra nɯɣinɯ ɕti tɕetʰa , kɤndza kowa tɯ́wɣβzu ɕti tɕe kutasɯɤnbaʁ ŋu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-child PL VERT-come:FACT-PL be.AFF:FACT later INF-eat manner 2-INV-make:FACT be.AFF:FACT LNK IPFV-1→2-CAUS-hide be:FACT
Translation: My children are about to come back and will try to eat you, let me hide you.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤmu nɯ kɯ tɤpɤtso ra kʰri ɯpa zɯ kosɯɤnbaʁ
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-mother DEM ERG INDEF.POSS-child PL bed 3SG.POSS-under LOC IFR-CAUS-hide
Translation: The old woman hid the children under the bed.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χpi pjɯfɕata , pjɯkɯsɯfɕatandʑi nɯ ʁo jɤɣ
Glosses: story IPFV-tell-1SG IPFV-2→1-CAUS-tell-1SG-DU DEM TOP.ADVERS be.acceptable:FACT
Translation: I can tell a story_i, the two of you can have me tell it_i, but …' (140511 1001 yinzi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: taʁndo mɯ́jtɯtso tɕe , tɕe li tɤkɯsɯʁndɯa
Glosses: speech NEG:SENS-2-understand LNK LNK again AOR-2→1-CAUS-hit-1SG
Translation: You are not listening [to what I say], you caused me to be beaten again.' (2003-kWBRa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤɣpɣa nɯnɯ , smɤn saŋrɟɤz ra kɯ ci pjɤsɯɣɯtnɯ tɕe , nɯ ɕɤɣ ɯku qʰe pjɤnɯɕlɯɣ , tɕe qajdo kɯ ci pjɤsɯɣɯtnɯ ri , nɯnɯ ɕkrɤz ɯku pjɤnɯɕlɯɣ ,
Glosses: bird.sp . DEM medicine buddha PL ERG once IFR:DOWN-CAUS-bring-PL LNK DEM juniper 3SG.POSS-head LNK IFR:DOWN-AUTO-CAUS-get.loose LNK crow ERG once IFR:DOWN-CAUS-bring-PL LNK DEM oak 3SG.POSS-head IFR:DOWN-AUTO-CAUS-get.loose
Translation: The buddhas_i sent the juniper bird_j to bring the medicine_k [to Gesar], but it_j dropped it_k on a juniper tree, they_i sent a crow_l, but it_l dropped it_k on an oak.' (2003 gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤrʑaβ nɯ kɯ iɕqʰa , tsʰaŋ ɯŋgɯ lanɯrku kɯmɯm nɯra cʰɤtɕɤt tɕe tówɣsɯndzandʑi pjɤra .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-wife DEM ERG the.aforementioned cupboard 3SG.POSS-in AOR:UPSTREAM:3→3-AUTO-put.in SBJ:PCP-be.tasty DEM:PL IFR:DOWNSTREAM-take.out LNK IFR-INV-CAUS-eat-DU IFR.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: The wife had no choice but to take out the nice [food] that she had put in the cupboard and give it to [her husband and herself].' (150824 kelaosi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɕɤmɯɣdɯɣ kɤlɤt kɯmkʰɤz nɯra ra ma mɤkɯspa nɯra mɤsɯxɕenɯ .
Glosses: DEM gun INF-release SBJ:PCP-be.expert DEM:PL be.needed:FACT LNK NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.able DEM:PL NEG-CAUS-go:FACT-PL
Translation: They need people who are good at shooting with guns, they don't let those who are not able (to shoot) go.' (150829 KAGWcAno)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɣʑo ɯkʰo tafsraŋ nɯnɯ , [ɯpi ni mɯpasɯpʰɯt] ra ɣɯ , ɣʑo ra ɣɯ nɯrɟɤlpu nɯ joɣi .
Glosses: bee 3SG.POSS-house AOR:3→3-protect DEM 3SG.POSS-elder.sibling DU NEG-pfv:3→3-CAUS-take.off PL GEN bee PL GEN 3PL.POSS-king DEM IFR-come
Translation: The king of the bees whose hive he had protected and prevented his brothers from destroying came.' (140510 fengwang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: amu rcanɯ ndʑu tɯldʑa cinɤ amɤpɯtɯsɯqlɯtnɯ ra
Glosses: mother UNEXP:DEG chopsticks one-stick even IRR-NEG-PFV-2-CAUS-break-PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: Make sure that my mother does not even need to break chopsticks.' (an idiomatic expression meaning “please take care of my mother's every need”, 2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯjaʁ nɯ kɯ tʰɤlwa ki cʰɯsɯste nɯ ɯtʰɤcu cʰɯsɯβde
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-hand DEM ERG earth DEM.PROX IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-do.like[III] DEM 3SG.POSS-downstream IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-throw
Translation: [The mole] does this with its forepaws, and throws the earth below.' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atʂʰa ci pɯzmɤke pɯrke
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-tea once IMP-CAUS-be.first[III] IMP-put.in[III]
Translation: Serve me some tea first.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmŋu nɯra koŋla ʑo koxtɕɤr kosɯɤsɯɣ ʑo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-opening DEM:PL completely EMPH IFR-tie IFR-CAUS-be.tight EMPH
Translation: He tied the opening [of the bag] very tightly.' (150824 kelaosi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <luban> kɯ rcanɯ kɯpɯpe ʑo , maka mɤkɯɤntɕʰoʁjɤr ʑo toti tosɤpe .
Glosses: ANTHR ERG UNEXP:DEG INF:STAT-EMPH~be.good EMPH at.all NEG-INF:STAT-be.incomplete EMPH IFR-say IFR-CAUS-be.good
Translation: Luban said [the answers] very well, without missing anything.' (150902 luban-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [alɤn kɤkʰo] ɯtɤtɯsɤpet nɤ tɕe kutawum ŋu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-answer INF-give QU-AOR-2-CAUS-be.good-PST:TR ADD LNK IPFV-1→2-gather be:FACT
Translation: If you give a good answer [to all my questions], I will take you [as my disciple].' (150902 luban-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤɣndʑɯr cʰɤsɯɤmɲɤm
Glosses: INF-grind IFR:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-be.homogeneous
Translation: He ground [the flour] very homogeneously.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paχɕi nɯ ɯjwaʁ kɤlɤt ɲɯzmɤke , nɯ ɯqʰu tɕe ɲɯrɯmɯntoʁ ,
Glosses: apple DEM 3SG.POSS-leaf INF-release IPFV-CAUS-be.first[III] DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK IPFV-bloom
Translation: The apple [tree] first grows leaves, and after that blooms.' (07-paXCi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯrʑi tɕe [kɤfkur] mɯ́jtɯwɣsɯxcʰa .
Glosses: SENS-be.heavy LNK INF-carry.on.the.back NEG:SENS-2-INV-CAUS-can
Translation: It is heavy, you won't be able to carry it on your back.' (elicitation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kumpɣa pʰu nɯ ɲɯβʁa tɕe , mu nɯra mɯɲɯsɯxcʰe
Glosses: fowl male DEM SENS-win LNK female DEM:PL NEG-SENS-CAUS-can[III]
Translation: (Otherwise) the roosters are too strong, and the hens cannot bear it.' (150819 kumpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯχpɯm pjɤtsʰoʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-knee IFR-attach
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯrkɯ nɯtɕu nɯχpɯm pjɯsɯtsʰoʁ , tɕe ɯndzɤtsʰi ɯro nɯkɯri nɯnɯra , nɯʁɤri pjɯχtɤr tɕe , tusɯndze pjɤŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-side DEM:LOC 3PL.POSS-knee IPFV-CAUS-attach LNK 3SG.POSS-food 3SG.POSS-excess AOR-SBJ:PCP-remain DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-front IPFV:DOWN-scatter LNK IPFV-CAUS-eat[III] IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: [The evil prince] forced them to kneel at his side, and would throw them leftovers from his food and force them to eat them.' (150821 edu de wangzi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aŋga lɤtɯsɯɣɯtndʑi nɯ , axtsa nɯ wuma ɲɯpe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-clothes AOR-2-CAUS-bring-DU DEM 1SG.POSS-shoe DEM really SENS-be.good
Translation: The clothes that you have sent me, the shoes are very nice.' (conversation, 15.04.18)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ kɯjŋu kɯwxtɯ~wxti ʑo nasɯtandʑi ɲɯŋu
Glosses: girl DEM oath SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.big EMPH AOR:3→3-CAUS-put-DU SENS-be
Translation: They_DU forced the girl to swear a big oath.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤpɤtso smɤn mɤkɯftsʰi tɤsɯndzata
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child medicine forcibly AOR-CAUS-eat-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I forced the child to eat the medicine.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ kɯnɤ tɤznɯsmana qʰe tɤmna ɕti
Glosses: 1SG:GEN also AOR-CAUS-treat-1SG LNK AOR-be.better be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I had my own [bellyache] treated and it got better.' (2011-13-qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kukɯzrɤʑianɯ ɲɯntsʰi
Glosses: IPFV-2→1-CAUS-stay-1SG-PL SENS-be.better
Translation: Please let me stay [here].' (qajdoskAt 2002) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003366#S67"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: amu nɤndzɣi ɯrcʰɤβ tukɯsɯrtoʁi ra
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-mother 2SG.POSS-fang 3SG.POSS-interstice IPFV-2→1-CAUS-look-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: Mother, let us look at [the thing] that is in the interstice between your fangs?' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯm mɯcʰɯpe qʰe … kɯm kɯɲɟɯ ɲɯβde qʰe laχtɕʰa ra tuzmɯrki
Glosses: door NEG-IPFV-close LNK _ door SBJ:PCP-ACAUS:open IPFV-leave LNK thing PL IPFV-CAUS-steal[III]
Translation: (Due to being a heavy drinker), he would [forget] to close the door, leave it open, and [as a result] have his things stolen [by other people].' (17-lhazgron)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pjɤkɯnɯβlua tɕe mɤjɤɣ ma tɕe axtu kɯmna sɤznɤ ampʰɯz ɯntɕʰɯr nɯtɯsɯpʰɯt tɕe
Glosses: IFR-2→1-cheat-1SG LNK NEG-be.allowed:FACT LNK LNK 1SG.POSS-belly INF:STAT-be.better COMP 1SG.POSS-buttock 3SG.POSS-piece AOR-2-CAUS-take.off LNK
Translation: You cheated me, it is outrageous, not only did my belly not get better, but [by misleading me] you caused a piece of my buttocks to be ripped off.' (2011-13-qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ maʁ nɤ , mɯ́jtɯɣi tɕe kɯsɯsata ɲɯŋu
Glosses: DEM not.be:FACT ADD NEG:SENS-2-come LNK 2→1-CAUS-kill:FACT-1SG SENS-be
Translation: Otherwise, by not coming, you are about to get me killed.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤmtʰɯm ɲɤzɣɤdita
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat IFR-CAUS-have.a.stench-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I let the meat spoil.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <wugui> ɯkɯntsɣe ɣɤʑu tɕe , nɯnɯra nɯɕki li ɯndza ra kɤχtɯ ɣɤʑu .
Glosses: turtle 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-sell exist:SENS LNK DEM.PL 3PL.POSS-DAT again 3SG.POSS-food PL OBJ:PCP-buy exist:SENS
Translation: There are people_i who sell turtles_j, and one [can] buy their_j food from them_i.' (140510 wugui)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <shangdian> ɯŋgɯ kɤχtɯ ɣɤʑu
Glosses: shop 3SG.POSS-inside OBJ:PCP-buy exist:SENS
Translation: It [can] be bought in a shop.' (28-CAmWGdW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɤnmawombɤr kɯ … tɤ́wɣsɯχtɯa ŋu
Glosses: ANTHR ERG _ AOR-INV-CAUS-sell-1SG be:FACT
Translation: It is Padma 'Od'bar who sold it to me.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤmtʰɯm ɯkɯntsɣe ɯɕki tɕe tɤmtʰɯm ɕtosɯχtɯ qʰe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-sell 3SG.POSS-DAT LOC INDEF.POSS-meat TRAL-IFR-CAUS-buy LNK
Translation: She sent him to buy meat at the butcher's.' (160701 poucet2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕaχpa ʁnɯz nɯ kɯ , nɤki , <alibaba> ɣɯ ɯkɯm nɯtɕu <fenbi> kɯ , nɤkinɯ , kɯɤrtɯm ci tosɯrɤtndʑi
Glosses: thief two DEM ERG FILLER ANTHR GEN 3SG.POSS-door DEM:LOC chalk ERG FILLER SBJ:PCP-be.round INDEF IFR-CAUS-write-DU
Translation: The two thieves drew a circle on Alibaba's door.' (140512 alibaba-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯjaʁ kɯ jumɯrʁɯz ɲɯcʰa ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-hand ERG IPFV-scratch SENS-can
Translation: [The mole] can scratch it with its claws.' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ??ɯʑo kɯ sɲɯɣjɯ kɯ tɤscoz pasɯrɤt
Glosses: 3SG ERG pen ERG letter AOR:3→3-CAUS-write
Translation: (intended meaning:) `S/he wrote the letter with the pen.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ sɲɯɣjɯ tando tɕe tɤscoz pasɯrɤt
Glosses: 3SG ERG pen AOR:3→3:UP-take LNK letter AOR:3→3-CAUS-write
Translation: S/he took the pen and wrote the letter with it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰa kɯ lówɣsɯβzi
Glosses: alcohol ERG IFR-INV-CAUS-become.drunk
Translation: He became drunk from the alcohol.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤlɤβ kɯ tɯtʰɯ pɯɕɯfkaβa
Glosses: cover ERG pan AOR-CAUS-cover-1SG
Translation: I covered the pan with a cover.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmu ɯwa ni kɯ ɲɯznɤjandʑi qʰe mɯtasɯɣendʑi ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-father DU ERG SENS-CAUS-be.a.shame-DU LNK NEG-AOR:3→3:UP-CAUS-come-DU
Translation: Her parents could not stand to part with her, and did not let her come.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯji ɲɯnɤja .
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-field SENS-be.a.shame
Translation: These fields, what a shame (nobody is taking care of them).' (150903-friche)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbro ɯjme cʰo nɤkɤrme túwɣsɯɤfsuja ra
Glosses: horse 3SG.POSS-tail COMIT 2SG.POSS-hair IPFV-INV-CAUS-be.of.same.size be.needed:FACT
Translation: Let us compare [the length of] the horse's tail and that of your hair.' (`Let us see which is longest.') (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯlpa ɯpɕi tɕe cʰɤsɯrɟɯɣ .
Glosses: village 3SG.POSS-outside LOC IFR:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-run
Translation: He ran away from the village carrying her [on his back].' (150829 jidian-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbro nɯnɯ ɯku pjɤsɯpʰɯt tɕe , ɯku nɯnɯ ʑara ɣɯ nɯkɤntɕʰaʁ ɣɯ ɯkɯm nɯtɕu tosɯɕɯɴqoʁ .
Glosses: horse DEM 3SG.POSS-head IFR-CAUS-take.off LNK 3SG.POSS-head DEM 3PL GEN 3PL.POSS-street DEM 3SG.POSS-door DEM:LOC IFR:UP-CAUS-CAUS-hang
Translation: She had [people] behead the horse, and hang its head on the city gate.' (140428 mu e guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯ pjɯ́wɣsɯsɯspoʁ ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: DEM ERG IPFV-INV-CAUS-CAUS-have.a.hole SENS-be
Translation: One makes a hole [into it] with this.' (24-mbGo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003621"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ci nɯ tɕe tɕe smi pjɯ́wɣβlɯ tɕe nɯ smɯmba nɯ kɯ ɯrme nɯ kúwɣsɯsɯβɣɯt ɲɯra .
Glosses: one DEM LNK LNK fire IPFV-INV-burn LNK DEM flame DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-hair DEM IPFV-INV-CAUS-CAUS-burn.off SENS-be.needed
Translation: The other [method to remove chicken feathers] is to make a fire and burn off the feathers with the flames.' (150907 kAnWtChWwWt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɯtasɯsɯrɤt
Glosses: AOR-1→2-CAUS-CAUS-write
Translation: I made you write it_i with it_j .
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑitɯtsɣe ra mɯɲɯkɤɣɤkʰɯ ftɕaka ntsɯ tuβze pjɤŋu .
Glosses: 2DU.POSS-commerce PL NEG-IPFV-INF-CAUS-be.possible manner always IPFV-make[III] IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: He was always trying [by all means] to make it impossible for them to manage their business.' (150825 baishe zhuan-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤpi ni tɤtɯβrit ŋu
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-elder.sibling DU AOR-2-save-PST:TR be:FACT
Translation: You saved your two elder brothers.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki atɤtɯndze qʰe qʰe ɯqa nɯtɕu tɯndzrɯ jamar ci ʑo anɯtɯsɯɣri ma
Glosses: DEM.PROX IRR-PFV-2-eat[III] LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-bottom DEM:LOC INDEF.POSS-nail about INDEF EMPH IRR-PFV-2-CAUS-remain LNK
Translation: When you eat this, leave a [quantity of] about a nail [from it in the bowl].' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma jinde tɕe kuχsuj me kɯɲo ntsɯ tundzaj ɕti ma
Glosses: LNK nowadays LNK IPFV-raise-1PL not.exist:FACT SBJ:PCP-be.ready always IPFV-eat-1PL be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: Nowadays we do not raise [chicken] anymore, we eat `ready-made' [eggs].' (22-kumpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯŋga nɯχtɕita tɕe apɯndzar tɕe cʰɯ́wɣɕkʰo jɤɣ
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-clothes AOR-wash-PST:TR-1SG LNK IRR-PFV-drip.dry LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-spread be.allowed:FACT
Translation: I have washed the clothes, let them first drip dry before putting them in the sun to dry.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbrɤz kɯfse lo , <cai> kɯfse nɯnɯra tɕe , ɯŋgɯ tɯci kɯtu nɯra pjɯ́wɣsɯɤrɕo tɕe , nɯnɯ “pɯmdzara" tukɯti ŋu .
Glosses: rice SBJ:PCP-be.like SFP dish SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM:PL LNK 3SG.POSS-inside INDEF.POSS-water SBJ:PCP-exist DEM:PL IPFV-INV-CAUS-be.finished LNK DEM AOR-drip.dry-1SG IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: When one has completely removed the water in the rice or in a dish, one says pɯ-mdzar-a.' (definition)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpʰɯ ɲɯwxti tɕe , nɯra tʰamtɕɤt matɤtɯɣɤwxti
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-price SENS-be.big LNK DEM:PL all NEG-IMP-2-CAUS-be.big
Translation: It is expensive, make it less expensive.' (2010-12)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [cʰa ɯtsʰi] loɣɤtɕʰom
Glosses: alcohol 3SG.POSS-BARE.INF:drink IFR-CAUS-be.too.much
Translation: He drank too much alcohol.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰɤtsʰi koɣɤtɕʰom
Glosses: alcohol.drinking IFR-CAUS-be.too.much
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rgɤtpu nɯ kɯ ɯtɕɯ jastʰoʁ tɕe , ɯxɕɤt ɯlɤt toɣɤtɕʰom tɕe
Glosses: old.man DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-son AOR:3→3-push LNK 3SG.POSS-strength 3SG.POSS-release IFR-CAUS-be.too.much LNK
Translation: The old man pushed his son, but exerted too much strength and…' (150831 jubaopen-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯʁɤri nɯtɕu ɯfkrɤm akɤtɯɣɤβdi
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-front DEM:LOC 3SG.POSS-BARE.INF:place IRR-PFV-2-CAUS-be.well
Translation: Place these nicely [in order] in front of the house.' (smanmi 2003.1)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɤnɯɬoʁ] mɯtɤɣɤkʰɯta .
Glosses: INF-AUTO-come.out NEG-AOR-CAUS-be.possible-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I prevented it/him from coming out.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯrŋɯl kɤtu] tɤɣɤkʰɯta .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-money INF-exist AOR-CAUS-be.possible-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I made it possible for him/her to have money.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <xianling> nɯ nɯrga qʰendɤre , … [nɯʁjoʁ kɯra] nɯ mɯɲɤɣɤra qʰe ,
Glosses: magistrate DEM AOR-be.happy LNK _ 3PL.POSS-servant SBJ:PCP-be.needed DEM NEG-IFR-CAUS-be.needed LNK
Translation: The magistrate was happy, and cancelled the duties that they had to do.' (150904 cuzhi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: axɕɤt ʑo tuɣɤte tɕe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-strength EMPH IPFV-CAUS-exist[III] LNK
Translation: [The rain] gives me (`makes me have') strength.' (150819 woniu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤlpu nɯ ɯkɤti naɣɤme
Glosses: king DEM 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-say AOR:3→3-CAUS-not.exist
Translation: He made the king unable to say anything.' (2005 tAwakWcqraR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmaʁ ɯɣi nɯra nɯrtsawa mɯpjɤnɯɣɤwxti
Glosses: other 3SG.POSS-relative DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-importance NEG-IFR.IPFV-AUTO-CAUS-be.big
Translation: He did not consider his other relatives to be as important [as his wife].' (kWjujmAlu 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯkɯnnɤmqe , ɯkɯnɤre , ɯkɯɣɤkʰe nɯra ɲɯxcat ʑo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-AUTO-scold 3SG.POSS-laugh.at 3SG.POSS-CAUS-be.stupid DEM:PL SENS-be.many EMPH
Translation: There were many people scolding him, making fun of him, calling him stupid.' (150829 phaRrgot)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰɐ́ɟi nekɐsəɣcʰiʔ=nəʔ mimʔ=cə
Glosses: beer IPFV-GENR-CAUS-be.sweet=DEM be.tasty=MED
Translation: Beer is tasty when one allows it to sweeten (naturally and gradually).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰɐ́ɟi nekɐwɐcʰiʔ=nəʔ mimʔ=cə
Glosses: beer IPFV-genr-CAUS-be.sweet=DEM be.tasty=MED
Translation: Beer is tasty when one sweetens it (e.g. by adding sugar).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɤjko mɯtɤtɕur tɕe , ɴɢolo ɯmat nɯ ɲɯ́wɣpʰɯt tɕe , tɕe tɤrca pjɯ́wɣɣɤla tɕe , tɕe tɤjko pjɯsɯxtɕur cʰa .
Glosses: LNK pickle NEG-AOR-be.sour LNK Ribes.stenocarpum 3SG.POSS-fruit DEM IPFV-INV-take.off LNK LNK together IPFV-INV-CAUS-soak LNK LNK pickle IPFV-CAUS-be.sour can:FACT
Translation: When the pickle_i is not sour, one picks fruits from the Ribes stenocarpum_j, soaks them together [with it_i], and it_j can make the pickle sour.' (18-NGolo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtɯtɕur kɯ tɯkɯr ɯŋgɯ lúwɣrku qʰe maka ɲɯsɯɤmɯzɣɯt qʰe , tɯpʰoŋbu ra kɯnɤ ɲɯsɯxtɕur kɯfse ɕti
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.sour ERG GENR.POSS-mouth 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV:UPSTREAM-INV-put.in LNK at.all IPFV-CAUS-DISTR-reach LNK GENR.POSS-body PL also SENS-CAUS-be.sour SBJ:PCP-be.like be.AFF:FACT
Translation: It is so sour that when one puts it into one's mouth, it makes everything [sour in an even way], as if one's whole body becomes sour.' (09-mi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <cai> ɯtɯtɕur mɯ́jrtaʁ tɕe , <cu> pɯlata tɕe pɯɣɤtɕura
Glosses: dish 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.sour NEG:SENS-be.enough LNK, vinegar AOR-release-1SG LNK AOR-CAUS-be.sour-1SG
Translation: As the dish was not sour enough, I added vinegar to make it sourer.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki tɤndɤm tɕe , … ʑimkʰɤm ɯku , tɕʰi kɯtu ʑo nɯ pjɯtɯ́wɣsɯmto cʰa
Glosses: DEM.PROX IMP-take[III] LNK _ world 3SG.POSS-head what SBJ:PCP-exist EMPH DEM IPFV-2-INV-CAUS-see can:FACT
Translation: Take this [spyglass], it will make you able to see everything that exists in the world.' (140508 benling gaoqiang de si xiongdi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯ maka nɯmɲaʁ tuɣɤmtɤm cʰa ri ,
Glosses: DEM ERG completely 3PL.POSS-eye IPFV-CAUS-have.sharp.eyesight[III] can:FACT LNK
Translation: That [plant] can cure their blindness (cause their eyes to recover eyesight).' (140517 mogui de jing-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa tɯxtsa nɯni tɤkɤsŋaʁ pjɤɕti tɕe tɕendɤre , ɲɤʑɣɤɣɤxtɕindʑi
Glosses: the.aforementioned INDEF.POSS-shoe DEM:DU AOR-OBJ:PCP-enchant IFR.IPFV-be.AFF LNK LNK IFR-REFL-CAUS-be.small-DU
Translation: The shoes had been enchanted, and became small by themselves.' (160706 poucet6)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tʂu ri ɲɤtɯzɣɤβdit ɕti tɕe , tɕe nɯtɕu akɤtɯɕe
Glosses: LNK road also IFR-2-CAUS-CAUS-be.well-PST:TR be.AFF:FACT LNK LNK DEM:LOC IRR-PFV:EAST-2-go
Translation: [Since] you have already had the road repaired (by someone else), [take that road] to go [east].' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯzda cʰo ɲɯɤʑɯʑundʑi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-companion COMIT SENS-wrestle-DU
Translation: He is wrestling with his friend.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯzda ɲɯɤznɯɤʑɯʑu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-companion SENS-PROG-APPL-wrestle
Translation: He is wrestling his friend.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe iʑo kɯrɯ ra tɕe tʂʰɤlu nɯ stu jikɤrga ɕti
Glosses: LNK 1PL Tibetan PL LNK milk.tea DEM MOST 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-like be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Milk tea is [the type of tea] that we Tibetans like best.' (05-qaZo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰaχtsa nɯ iʑo kɯrɯ tɕʰeme ra ɣɯ , nɯnɯ mɤlɤn ʑo pjɯtu kɯra tɕe , stu jikɤnɯrga ɕti ,
Glosses: coloured.belt DEM 1PL Tibetan woman PL GEN DEM absolutely EMPH IPFV-exist SBJ:PCP-be.needed LNK most 1PL.POSS-OBJ:PCP-APPL-like be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Coloured belts are something that we Tibetan woman must absolutely have, and it is what we like best.' (thaXtsa 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma aʑo [qajɯ nɯra kɤnɤrtoχpjɤt] pɯrgaa tɕe
Glosses: LNK 1SG bug DEM:PL INF-observe PST.IPFV-like-1SG LNK
Translation: I liked to observe bugs.' (26-quspunmbro)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯtanɤpe ɕti qʰe , aʑo ɲɯtanɯrga
Glosses: SENS-1→2-TROP-be.good be.AFF:FACT LNK 1SG SENS-1→2-APPL-like
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ rɟɤlpu ɯtɕɯ nɯ kɯ apɯ́wɣnɯrgaa ra
Glosses: DEM king 3SG.POSS-son DEM ERG IRR-IPFV-INV-APPL-like-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: May the prince love me!' (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme mɤkɤnɯfse nɯ ɯɕki ɲɯɤndzɯt
Glosses: person NEG-OBJ:PCP-know DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT SENS-bark
Translation: [The dog] is barking at the unknown person.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme mɤkɤnɯfse nɯ ɲɯɤznɯɤndzɯt
Glosses: person NEG-OBJ:PCP-know DEM SENS-PROG-APPL-bark
Translation: [The dog] is barking at the unknown person.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ aʑo ɯɲɯkɯnɤstua nɤ , tɕendɤre , nɯɕimɯma ʑo ɕetɕi tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM 1SG QU-SENS-2→1-APPL-believe-1SG ADD LNK immediately EMPH go:FACT-1DU LNK
Translation: If you believe me, let us go [there] immediately.' (140425 shizi huli he lu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯʑo kɯ tatɯt] nɯ manɯtɯnɤste
Glosses: 1SG ERG AOR:3→3-say[II] DEM NEG-IMP-2-APPL-believe[III]
Translation: Don't believe what he said.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɤʑo tɤtɯtɯt] nɯ mɤstua
Glosses: 2SG AOR-2-say[II] DEM NEG-believe:FACT-1SG
Translation: I don't believe what you said.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤtɕɯ tʰamtɕɤt kɯdɯ~dɤn nɯ ɣɯrnɤɣɯr ʑo tuɣɤɕqalinɯ tɕe , tɕendɤre rɯdaʁ nɯra ɲɯmunɯ tɕe cʰɯpʰɣonɯ ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-boy all SBJ:PCP-be.many DEM IDPH(III):noisy.and.crowded EMPH IPFV-shout-PL LNK LNK wild.animal DEM:PL IPFV-be.afraid-PL LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-flee-PL SENS-be
Translation: The men (i.e. the hunters) all shout together in great numbers, and the wild animals being afraid flee downstream.' (150829 KAGWcAno)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯ tɯrme wuma ʑo ɲɯkɯnɯɣmu .
Glosses: DEM ERG people really EMPH IPFV-GENR:S/O-APPL-be.afraid
Translation: It is very afraid of people.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <xiaocui> nɯ tɤrɯstɯnmɯ ɯqʰu qʰe tɕe iɕqʰa [<yuanfeng> nɯ , taʁndo mɤkɯtso nɯ cʰo] sɲikuku ʑo tɯtɯrca ɲɯɤ<nɯ>ɣrondʑi qʰe
Glosses: ANTHR DEM AOR-marry 3SG.POSS-after LNK LNK the.aforementioned ANTHR DEM speech NEG-SBJ:PCP-understand DEM COMIT every.day EMPH together IPFV-<AUTO>play-DU LNK
Translation: After she married, Xiaocui played every day with Yuanfeng, who did not understand speech.' (150909 xiaocui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤʑɯ kɯmtɕʰɯ kɯfse tɤtu nɤ , tɯɣrɤz ɲɯnɯɤɣrondʑi nɯra pjɤŋgrɤl ,
Glosses: again toy SBJ:PCP-be.like AOR-exist ADD together IPFV-APPL-play-DU DEM:PL IPFV.IFR-be.usually.the.case
Translation: Whenever there was a toy_i, they(DU) played with it_i together.' (lWlu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰemɤpɯ nɯ ɯsni ɲɤzdɯɣ
Glosses: little.girl DEM 3SG.POSS-heart IFR-suffer
Translation: The little girl was very sad.' (140504 huiguniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: laʁnɯsŋi pjɤzdɯɣndʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: one.or.two-day IFR.IPFV-suffer LNK
Translation: They had [worked] hard for several days.' (qajdoskAt 2002) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003366#S18"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa nɯtɕu ɕtokɤkʰuci
Glosses: house DEM:LOC TRAL-IFR-PEG-call-PEG
Translation: He went and called in the direction of the house.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme ɯskɤt kɯsnɯ~sna ci kɯ ʑo túwɣnɯɤkʰɤzŋganɯ ntsɯ .
Glosses: girl 3SG.POSS-voice SBJ:PCP-EMPH~nice INDEF ERG EMPH IPFV-INV-APPL-call-PL always
Translation: A girl who had a beautiful voice was calling them.' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ji<baogao> tɤlɤt , <piaozi> ɕtɤnɯŋke , <dianzhan> βzuj ŋu
Glosses: 1PL.POSS-report IMP-release money TRAL-IMP-look.for electric.station make:FACT-1PL be:FACT
Translation: Make a report for us, go and look for money, and we will build an electrical station.' (2010-09)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯji ɯŋgɯ aʁɤndɯndɤt tukɯnɯŋke kʰɯ tɕe
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-in everywhere IPFV-GENR:S/O-AUTO-walk be.possible:FACT LNK
Translation: One can walk [on this path] everywhere in the fields [as one wishes].' (15-06-05)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤlu koŋla ʑo kúwɣnɤmdzɯ ɲɯra ma ʁlɤwur ʑo tumbuz ɲɯŋu
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-milk completely EMPH IPFV-INV-look.after SENS-be.needed LNK immediately EMPH IPFV-spill.out SENS-be
Translation: One has to look after the milk [in the pan], otherwise it will overflow as soon as [it boils].' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme ra , ʑimkʰɤm ʑo , ɲɯznɯsŋomanɯ cʰaa
Glosses: people PL many EMPH IPFV-CAUS-APPL-envy-1SG-PL can:FACT-1SG
Translation: I will be able to make a lot of people envy [me for my dress].' (jinai de guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ tɤru ɯtɕɯ nɯ kɯ nɯɕimɯma ʑo iɕqʰa tɕʰeme nɯ ɲɤnɤmpɕɤr , tɕe ɲɤnɤpe .
Glosses: LNK DEM chieftain 3SG.POSS-son DEM ERG immediately EMPH the.aforementioned girl DEM IFR-TROP-be.beautiful LNK IFR-TROP-be.good
Translation: The prince immediately found the girl very beautiful and fell in love with her.' (140518 huifei de muma-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤsɤtɕʰa ɯɲɯtɯnɤxtɕi nɤ , aʑo aβlu ci tu tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-place QU-SENS-2-TROP-be.small ADD 1SG 1SG.POSS-trick INDEF exist:FACT LNK
Translation: If you find this place too small for you, I have an idea.' (150829 taishan zhi zhu-zh,203)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtɯtɕur mɤtɕʰom tɕe , pɯ́wɣnɤmɯm ɕti .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-sour NEG-be.exceedingly:FACT LNK PST.IPFV-INV-TROP-be.tasty be.AFF:FACT
Translation: It is not too sour, and we used to find it tasty.' (17-ndZWnW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo anɯ́wɣnɤntsʰia ra
Glosses: 1SG IRR-PFV-INV-love-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: [Aladin thought] `May the princess love me.” (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ɕɤɣ nɯ wuma ʑo pe , tɕe pjɯ́wɣβlɯ tɕe ɯdi wuma mnɤm
Glosses: DEM juniper DEM really EMPH be.good:FACT LNK IPFV-INV-burn LNK 3SG.POSS-smell really have.a.smell:FACT
Translation: The juniper is very nice, when one burns it, it has a strong smell.' (08-CAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: srɯtpʰu nɯ kɯ , ŋotɕu rɤʑinɯ pjɤsɯχsɤl matɕi , nɯdi tunɤmnɤm pjɤɕti tɕe pjɤmtsʰɤm .
Glosses: râkshasa DEM ERG where stay:FACT-PL IFR-realize LNK 3PL.POSS-smell IPFV-TROP-have.a.smell IFR.IPFV-be.AFF LNK IFR-feel
Translation: The ogre realized where they where, as it was sniffing them out and perceived [their smell].' (160706 poucet6)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɤɣi tɕe , pɤjkʰu tutanɤmnɤm
Glosses: IMP-come LNK still IPFV:UP-1→2-TROP-have.a.smell
Translation: Come (here), I will smell you (to see if you have had alcohol).' (140506 loBzi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: (T) atu tɤʁaʁ ɯpɯ́sɤscit ? …
Glosses: _ up.there party QU-PST.IPFV-PROP-be.happy …
Translation: Was the party up there nice?
Language: Japhug
Transcription: (L) pɯsɤscit aɬaʁ , mɤkɯsɤscit pɯme
Glosses: _ PST.IPFV-PROP-be.happy 1SG.POSS-MZ NEG-SBJ:PCP-PROP-be.happy PST.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: It was nice, mother-in-law, there was nothing that was not nice.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: (A) aʑo ndɤre mɯpɯnɤsɤscita , lonɯtɕʰombaa
Glosses: _ 1SG LNK NEG-PST.IPFV-TROP-PROP-be.happy-1SG IFR-have.a.cold-1SG
Translation: As far as I am concerned, I did not find [that party] nice, I caught a cold.' (TaRrdo2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ɯrme ɯŋgɯ ri kuɕe tɕe tɕendɤre kuɕe nɤ kuɕe tɕe tɕe ɯndʐi ɯŋgɯ ri kuotsa ɲɯŋu . tɕe fsapaʁ ra kɯ nɯ nɤsɤɣdɯɣnɯ ŋgrɤl ma
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-hair 2SG.POSS-in LOC IPFV:EAST-go LNK LNK IPFV:EAST-go ADD IPFV:EAST-go LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-skin 3SG.POSS-in LOC IPFV-prick SENS-be LNK animal PL ERG DEM TROP-PROP-be.upset:FACT-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT LNK
Translation: [Its seeds] go into the hair [of the sheep], deeper and deeper, and stick into their skin, and the animals find this unpleasant.' (19-khWlu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo ndɤre ɲɯtanɤɣɤβzi
Glosses: 2SG LNK SENS-1→2-TROP-FACIL-be.drunk
Translation: You, I think that you get drunk easily.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤscoz arɤt
Glosses: letter PASS-write:FACT
Translation: The letter is written/has been written.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯm ɲɤstʰoʁ ri , kɯm pjɤkɤɣɤtɯɣci ɕti tɕe ,
Glosses: door IFR-push LNK DEM IFR.IPFV-PEG-PASS-lock-PEG be:AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: He pushed the door, but the door was locked.' (tWJo 2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004089#S20"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: stuxsi ɣɯ ɯχcɤl ri xtɯrkɯ aβraʁ ,
Glosses: double.yoke GEN 3SG.POSS-middle LOC hide.ripe PASS-attach:FACT
Translation: The hide rope [connecting the yoke to the plough] is attached in the middle of the double yoke.' (24-mbGo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003621"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤmu nɯ ɣɯ ɯtɕɯ nɯ kɯmqʰu pjɤkɤβraʁci tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-mother DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-son DEM door-back IPFV-PEG-PASS-attach-PEG LNK
Translation: The old woman's son was attached on the back of the door.' (tWJo 2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004089#S61"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯm sɤcɯ mɤalɤt
Glosses: door key NEG-PASS-release:FACT
Translation: The door is not locked/has not been locked.' (140428 xiaohongmao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003884#S74"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ pʰoŋ ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu pɯarkua
Glosses: DEM bottle 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC PST.IPFV-PASS-put.in-1SG
Translation: (You don't believe that) I had been put inside this bottle.' (140512 yufu yu mogui-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003973#S111"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jaʁmɤzdoʁzdoʁ nɯ kɯnɤ pɣa ŋu , mɤarɤt
Glosses: bird.sp . DEM also bird be:FACT NEG-PASS-write:FACT
Translation: The jaʁmɤzdoʁzdoʁ is also a bird, it is not written (in the list of bird's names that had been prepared beforehand to ask about all known bird species).' (23-RmWrcWftsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003610#S80"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕelo kutɕu amci ci scʰɯβdea , nɯ ɕɯ ɣɯ ndʑitaʁ kɤkɯɤɲɟoʁ nɯ arʑaβ apɯtɯŋundʑi toti ri … tɕe ci scʰoβde ri , rŋɯlɤsmɤn ɯtaʁ kokɤɲɟoʁci ɕti ri , jaʁmɤcʰɯqa kɯ ɲɤnɯpɕiz qʰe ɯʑo ɯtaʁ konɯɲɟoʁ .
Glosses: upstream DEM.PROX:LOC 1SG.POSS-saliva once TRAL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-throw-1SG, DEM who GEN 2DU.POSS-on AOR-SBJ:PCP-PASS-glue DEM 1SG.POSS-wife IRR-IPFV-2-be-DU IFR-say LNK _ LNK once TRAL-IFR:DOWNSTREAM-throw LNK ANTHR 3SG.POSS-on IFR-PEG-PASS-glue-PEG be.AFF:FACT LNK ANTHR ERG IFR-AUTO-wipe LNK 3SG 3SG.POSS-on IFR-AUTO-glue
Translation: He said `I will spit from here, and whoever of you two gets glued by my spit will be my wife.' He spat, and although [his spit] got glued on Rngulasman, Yagmakhyiqa wiped it off and pasted it onto herself.' (2003-kWBRa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo tɕʰi anɯtɯɤβzu ra ?
Glosses: 2SG what IRR-PFV-2-become be.needed:FACT
Translation: What do you [want to] become?' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme ci anɯɤpaa kɯ , tɯrme ɲɯɤβzua ci apɯkʰɯ kɯ
Glosses: human INDEF IRR-PFV-become-1SG SFP human IPFV-become-1SG a.little IRR-IPFV-be.possible SFP
Translation: If only I could become a human!' (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmat tʰɯaβzu tɕe tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-fruit AOR-grow LNK LNK
Translation: When its fruits grow…' (06-zrAntCW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003422#S25"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯrkɯ nɯtɕu si ɯsno ci ata tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-side DEM:LOC wood 3SG.POSS-saddle INDEF PASS-put:FACT LNK
Translation: Next to [the horse], there is a wooden saddle.' (2012-qachGa2012-qachGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004087#S50"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯtɕu pɯata ri maŋe
Glosses: DEM:LOC PST.IPFV-PASS-put LNK not.exist:SENS
Translation: [The meat] used to be there, but now it is not there [any more].' (meimeidegushi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɤtɕʰa ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu rŋɯl tɯtaɴɢoʁ ɲɯɤrku tɕe ,
Glosses: ground 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC silver one-basket SENS-PASS-put.in LNK
Translation: Inside the ground, there is a basketful of silver.' (2003 divination)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu rŋɯl qʰoʁqʰoʁ tɯrdoʁ pjɤkɤmpʰɯrci ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC silver ingot one-piece IFR.IPFV-PEG-PASS-wrap-PEG
Translation: A silver ingot had been wrapped inside.' (qajdoskAt 2002) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003366#S108"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpa , tɕʰɯŋkʰɤr ɣɯ ɯspjɯŋ tukɯɣi nɯnɯre ri li ɕom atsʰoʁ tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-down water.wheel GEN 3SG.POSS-axle IPFV:UP-SBJ:PCP-come DEM:LOC LOC again iron PASS-attach:FACT LNK
Translation: On the [top extremity of] the axle of the mill coming up from below, a piece of iron is attached.' (06-BGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003408#S50"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯtʰɤcu ri ɕom kɯndzoʁ ci tu tɕe , nɯ tʰaʁmu rmi .
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-downstream LOC iron SBJ:PCP-ACAUS:attach INDEF exist:FACT LNK DEM weaving.blade call:FACT
Translation: Below, there is [a weaving implement] that has a piece of iron attached to it, it is called tʰaʁmu.' (thaXtsa 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmɯntoʁ nɯ kɯnɤ cʰɯɤʑirja tɕe tɯkʰɤl nɯtɕu ʁnɯz , χsɯm kɯβde jamar kundzoʁ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-flower DEM also IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-be.aligned LNK one-place DEM:LOC two three four about IPFV-ACAUS:attach
Translation: Its flowers are also aligned, in each place they are attached in [groups] of about two, three or four.' (16-RlWmsWsi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: xɕiri ɣɯ ɯmtɕʰi ra [tɤse kɯ] pjɤkɤmarci ʑo
Glosses: weasel GEN 3SG.POSS-mouth PL INDEF.POSS-blood ERG IFR.IPFV-PEG-PASS-smear-PEG EMPH
Translation: The weasel's mouth was smeared with blood.' (140518 xuezhe he huangshulang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ kɯ … ɯrŋa taʁɟaz tomar
Glosses: girl DEM ERG _ 3SG.POSS-face soot IFR-smear
Translation: The lady smeared her face with soot.' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmtɕʰi ɯtaʁ tɕe tɤse ra pjɤkɤmarci ʑo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mouth 3SG.POSS-on LOC INDEF.POSS-blood PL IFR.IPFV-PEG-PASS-smear-PEG EMPH
Translation: Its mouth was smeared with blood.' (140518 xuezhe he huangshulang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004032#S19"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤsmɤn ɯjándza ?
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-medicine QU-PEG-PASS-eat:FACT
Translation: Has your medicine been eaten?' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑɤra jikʰa nɯ [jɤɣɤt tɯtɤkʰrɤz nɯ] kuofskɤr .
Glosses: 1PL 1PL.POSS-house DEM balcony one-row DEM IPFV:EAST-PASS-surround
Translation: Our house is surrounded by one row of balcony.' (2011-11-kha2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akʰa ɯrkɯ nɯnɯ [tɯji] afskɤr .
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-house 3SG.POSS-side DEM INDEF.POSS-field PASS-surround:FACT
Translation: The sides of my house are surrounded by fields.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki sɤtɕʰa ki , ɯrkɯ tʰamtɕɤt [praʁ] kɯ kufskɤr ɲɯɕti
Glosses: DEM.PROX place DEM.PROX 3SG.POSS-side all cliff ERG IPFV:EAST-surround SENS-be.AFF
Translation: The sides of this place are all surrounded by cliffs.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤpɤtso ɯsmɤn ambi
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child 3SG.POSS-medicine PASS-give:FACT
Translation: The child has been given his medicine.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤpɤtso ra tɤlu ajtsʰi
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child PL INDEF.POSS-milk PASS-give.to.drink:FACT
Translation: The children have been given milk to drink.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora ɕɤxɕo kuoβdoʁβdij
Glosses: 1PL these.days PRS-be.in.good.health-1PL
Translation: These days we are in good health.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci tʰamtɕɤt tɤse sɯɤpaj
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water all INDEF.POSS-blood CAUS-become:FACT-1SG
Translation: Let us turn all the water into blood.' (2003 smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki jiβdaʁmu kɯ ki kɯfse , nɤki , sɯŋgɯ pɣa nɯ́wɣsɯɤβzuj
Glosses: DEM.PROX 1PL.POSS-queen ERG DEM.PROX SBJ:PCP-be.like FILLER forest bird AOR-INV-CAUS-become-1PL
Translation: Our queen has transformed us into bird from the forest.' (140520 ye tiane-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cupa kɤtɕɤt tɕe ɲɯɴqa ma praʁ ɕpjɯ́wɣpʰɯt ɲɯra … tɕe nɯ tɯmpɕar tɯmpɕar ɲɯ́wɣsɯɤβzu ɲɯra
Glosses: stone.slab INF-take.out LNK SENS-be.hard LNK cliff TRAL-IPFV-INV-take.off SENS-be.needed _ LNK DEM one-sheet one-sheet IPFV-INV-CAUS-become SENS-be.needed
Translation: To extract stone slabs, one has to chop the rocks sheet by sheet (layer by layer).’ (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmu [ɯɕɣa kɯxtɕɯ~xtɕi] [kɯmpɕɯ~mpɕɤr] ʑo nasɯɤβzu ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-age SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.beautiful EMPH AOR:3→3-CAUS-become SENS-be
Translation: He made his mother become young and beautiful.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: xɕiri kɯfse nɯra kɯrŋi mɯɲɯɤrtsi lo .
Glosses: weasel SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM:PL beast.of.prey NEG-SENS-PASS-count SFP
Translation: Weasel and the like do not count as beasts of prey (I think).' (150822 kWrNi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006260#S8"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo api ɯɕki kɯmtɕʰɯ ci nɯsɤmbia
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling 3SG.POSS-DAT toy INDEF AOR-ROG-give-1SG
Translation: I asked my elder brother/sister to give me a toy.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe aʁi nɯre ri , nɯsɤmbinɯ
Glosses: LNK 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling DEM:LOC LOC AOR-ROG-give-PL
Translation: They asked for my younger brother (to come to marry their daughter) there.' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S188"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: awɯ , tɯmgo kɤsɤmbi , tɯci kɤsɤjtsʰi ɯβrɤtu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grandfather INDEF.POSS-food OBJ:PCP-ROG-give INDEF.POSS-water OBJ:PCP-ROG-give.to.drink opt-exist:FACT
Translation: Grandfather, would there be food or water that [we could] ask for [you to give us]?' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: †pjɤʑɣɤsɤɕɤtndʑi torɤmpɕoʁ~mpɕɤrndʑi ,
Glosses: IFR-REFL-comb-DU IFR-EMPH~make.up-DU
Translation: Intended meaning: `They combed themselves and made themselves beautiful.' (150830 baihe jiemei-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑiku pjɤnɯsɤɕɤtndʑi torɤmpɕoʁ~mpɕɤrndʑi ,
Glosses: 3DU.POSS-head IFR-AUTO-comb-DU IFR-EMPH~make.up-DU
Translation: They combed their hair and made themselves beautiful.' (correction of the previous example)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯjmŋo ɯŋgɯ sɯŋgi kontɕʰɤr
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-dream 3SG.POSS-in lion IFR-appear
Translation: He dreamt of a tiger / A tiger appeared to him in a dream.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯjmŋo ɯŋgɯ koʑɣɤsɯntɕʰɤr
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-dream 3SG.POSS-in IFR-REFL-CAUS-appear
Translation: He made himself appear to her in a dream.' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S97"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kunɯʑɣɤfstɯn cʰa
Glosses: 3SG IPFV-AUTO-REFL-serve can:FACT
Translation: It [will] be able to take care of itself on its own.' (150822 laoye zuoshi zongshi duide-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006298#S146"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤkɯtso toʑɣɤpa , <tangseng> nɯ kɯ .
Glosses: NEG-SBJ:PCP-understand IFR-pretend ANTHR DEM ERG
Translation: He pretended not to have understood, Tangseng.' (180503 xiyouji 12-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo ʁgra ɯjaʁ nɯtɕu ɲɯtɯnɯʑɣɤkʰo ʑo ɯmɤkɯɕtici ?
Glosses: 2SG enemy 3SG.POSS-hand DEM:LOC IPFV-2-AUTO-REFL-give EMPH PROB-PEG-be.AFF-PEG
Translation: (By doing that), aren't you handing yourself over to your own enemy?' (2014niulan li de lu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre mbro kɯ “ɲɯpe" toti ɲɯŋu . tɕendɤre tɯrme nɯ kɯ toʑɣɤnɯmbrɤpɯ ɲɯŋu tɕe tɕe tɯrme nɯ mbro ɯtaʁ nɯtɕu toɕe ɲɯŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK horse ERG SENS-be.good IFR-say SENS-be LNK man DEM ERG IFR-REFL-ride SENS-be LNK LNK man DEM horse 3SG.POSS-on DEM:LOC IFR:UP-go SENS-be LNK
Translation: The horse said `good' and let himself be mounted by the man, and the man rode on him.' (ma he lu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯlɤcu nɯtɕu joɕe tɕe loʑɣɤmaŋlo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-upstream DEM:LOC IFR-go LNK IFR:UPSTREAM-REFL-be.upstream
Translation: [The wolf] went to a place upstream [from the lamb], he placed himself upstream.' (2014 lang he yang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯʑo pjɯkɯʑɣɤɣɤtɕa ra ma , tɯzda pjɯ́wɣzɣɤtɕa , tɯʑo (...) pɯkɯnɯɣɤtɕa kɯnɤ pjɯkɯʑɣɤɣɤŋgi tɕe , ɯmbrɤzɯ kɯtu me tukɯti ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: GENR IPFV-GENR:S/O-REFL-be.wrong be.needed:FACT LNK GENR.POSS-companion IPFV-INV-CAUS-be.wrong GENR _ IPFV-GENR:S/O-REFL-be.wrong also IPFV-GENR:S/O-AUTO-be.right LNK 3SG.POSS-result SBJ:PCP-exist not.exist:FACT IPFV-GENR:S/O-say SENS-be
Translation: One has to recognize one's mistakes; if one considers one's companions to be wrong, and if one consider oneself to be always right even if one is wrong, there will be no [good] result.' (lWlu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mapɯtɯʑɣɤsɤɕke
Glosses: NEG-IMP-2-REFL-PROP?-burn
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtʰoʁ zɯ pɯʑɣɤɕpʰaβa
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-ground LOC AOR-lay.flat-1SG
Translation: I laid flat on the ground.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtʰoʁ ɕpʰɤβɕpʰɤβ ʑo ɲɯrɤʑi , kɤnɯqambɯmbjom mɯ́jcʰa
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-ground IDPH(II):laying.flat EMPH SENS-stay INF-fly NEG:SENS-can
Translation: The bird is staying on the ground without moving, it cannot fly.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤpɤtso nɯ ki kɯfse luxtʰomnɯ kuɕɯrŋgɯnɯ pɯmaʁ ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child DEM DEM.PROX SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV:UPSTREAM-put.horizontally-PL IPFV-CAUS-lie.down-PL PST.IPFV-not.be
Translation: People would not lie the babies down horizontally like this.' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR1)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rdɤstaʁ nɯ ɯtɯrʑi kɯ ɯtʰoʁ pjɤ́wɣtʂaβ tɕe pjɤ́wɣsat .
Glosses: stone DEM 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.heavy ERG 3SG.POSS-ground IFR:DOWN-INV-cause.to.fall LNK IFR:DOWN-INV-kill
Translation: The stones [in the wolf's belly] were so heavy that they caused him to fall down and die.' (140428 xiaohongmao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe rŋgɯ nɯni (...) tokɤmɯrpundʑi tɕe pjɤɴɢrɯndʑi tɕe tʂɤndo pjɤndʐaβndʑi .
Glosses: LNK boulder DEM:DU _ IFR-PEG-RECIP-bump-DU LNK IFR:DOWN-ACAUS:shatter-DU LNK side.of.the.road IFR:DOWN-ACAUS:cause.to.roll-DU
Translation: The two boulders bumped into each other, shattered, and rolled down the side of the road.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S135"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre ɯʁi nɯ kɤŋke mɯɲɤcʰa tɕe tɕendɤre londom ɕti tɕe
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-younger.sibling DEM INF-walk NEG-IFR-can LNK LNK IFR:UPSTREAM-ACAUS:put.horizontally be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: His younger brother was not able to walk anymore, and lay down.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯku lo loru tɕe pjɤndʐaβ , tɕe kɤnɯrɤru mɤkɯcʰa nɯ , tɕe londom tukɯti ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-head upstream IFR:UPSTREAM-look LNK IFR:DOWN-ACAUS:cause.to.fall LNK INF-AUTO-get.up NEG-SBJ:PCP-can DEM LNK IFR:UPSTREAM-ACAUS:put.horizontally IPFV-GENR:S/O-say SENS-be
Translation: He fell down, head looking upstream, not able to get up by himself, so one says lo-ndom.' (elicited, explanation of example ex:londom)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʂu nɯtɕu ɲɤʑɣɤxtʰom tɕe pɯkɯsi toʑɣɤpa .
Glosses: road DEM:LOC IFR:WEST-REFL-put.horizontally LNK AOR-SBJ:PCP-die IFR-pretend
Translation: He laid down on the road horizontally and pretended to be dead.' (140517 huli he lang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci kɯwxtɯ~wxti nɯ ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu komtsaʁ . tɕe nɯtɕu koʑɣɤtʂaβ qʰe
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.big DEM 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC IFR:EAST-jump LNK DEM:LOC IFR:EAST-REFL-cause.to.roll LNK
Translation: He jumped into the river, he let himself roll into it.' (150830 baihe jiemei-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006368#S199"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo nɯstʰɯci pjɯsɯzdɯɣa mɯ́jpe ɲɤsɯso tɕe koʑɣɤɕtʰɯz .
Glosses: 3SG so.much IPFV-cause.to.worry-1SG NEG:SENS-be.good IFR-think LNK IFR-reveal.oneself
Translation: She thought: “It is not good of me to cause him so much worries”, and she revealed her true identity to him.' (2003kAndzwsqhaj2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤʑɣɤɕɯfka
Glosses: IMP-REFL-CAUS-be.full
Translation: Eat to your fill!' (a common polite expression)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo nɯ , tɤmuj stʰɯci atɤtɯʑɣɤɣɤʑo , nɤmbro nɯnɯ qale stʰɯci atɤʑɣɤɣɤmbjom tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG DEM INDEF.POSS-feather so.much IRR-PFV-2-REFL-CAUS-be.light 2SG.POSS-horse DEM wind so.much IRR-PFV-REFL-CAUS-be.quick LNK
Translation: [If] you make yourself as light as a feather, and your horse makes itself as quick as the wind, [you will succeed].' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: toʑɣɤɕɯmbɣom ʑo jonɯɕe tɕe ɯjilco ra nɯɕki toti .
Glosses: IFR-REFL-CAUS-be.in.a.hurry EMPH IFR-VERT-go LNK 3SG.POSS-villager PL 3PL.POSS-DAT IFR-say
Translation: He hastened to go back [to the village], and told it to the other villagers.' (150902 hailibu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006316#S104"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: porɤt nɯ kɯnɤ tɕetu kʰɤrka nɯtɕu tɕe pjɯʑɣɤɕɯɴqoʁ ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: small.spider DEM also up.there ceiling DEM:LOC LOC IPFV:DOWN-REFL-CAUS-hang be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: The small spider also lets itself hang down from the ceiling.' (26-mYaRmtsaR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003674#S94"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo daltsɯtsa ʑo li , masɤrɯrju ʑo , srɯtpʰu nɯ ɯɕki koʑɣɤsɯɤrmbat .
Glosses: 3SG slowly EMPH again in.secret EMPH ogre DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT IFR:EAST-REFL-CAUS-be.near
Translation: He moved closer to the ogre slowly in secret.' (160706 poucet6)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtɯɤrqʰi pjɤsaχaʁ ʑo ri , nɯ kɯnɤ joʑɣɤsɯɤzɣɯt .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:degree-be.far IFR.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH LNK DEM also IFR-REFL-CAUS-reach
Translation: [China]_i was very far, but even so he managed to reach it_i.' (140511 alading-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003953#S22"></fn>