lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ustaz₁ stol-nu otou-ʁa [ ešik-ni ac-ɨp] kij-ir-di
Glosses: teacher table-ACC room-DAT  door-ACC open-CONV come.in-CAUS-PST1.3SG
Translation: The teacher carried the table into the room, having opened the door.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima₁ [ bir kitap-nɨ =da oqu-p] sejirsin-me-gen-di
Glosses: Fatima  one book-ACC=ADD read-CONV be.surprised-NEG-PST2-3SG
Translation: Fatima₁ wasn’t surprised, while PRO₁ reading any book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima₁ Kerim-ge₂ [ zɨr-ʁa tɨŋɨla-p] tüš azɨq et-di
Glosses: Fatima Kerim-DAT  song-DAT listen-CONV sleep food make-CAUS-PST1.3SG
Translation: Fatima made Kerim₂ make dinner, PRO₂ listening to the song.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima₁ Kerim-ge₂ [ zɨr-ʁa tɨŋɨla  tüš azɨq et-dɨ
Glosses: Fatima Kerim-DAT  song-DAT listen-CONV stand-CONV sleep food make-CAUS-PST1.3SG
Translation: Fatima₁ made Kerim₂ make dinner, PRO constantly listening to a song.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima₁ Kerim-ge₂ kitap-nɨ [ zɨr-ʁa tɨŋɨla oqu--xan-dɨ
Glosses: Fatima Kerim-DAT book-ACC  song-DAT listen-NEG-CONV read-CAUS-PST2-3SG
Translation: Fatima₁ made Kerim₂ read the book, without PRO listening to a song.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: marat alsu-dan išek-ne ač-tɤr-ɤ-p kuj-dɤr-dɤ
Glosses: Marat Alsu-ABL door-ACC open-CAUS-ST-CONV stand-CAUS-PST
Translation: Marat made Alsu open the door.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima₁ zajau [ quanclɨ zɨr-nɨ zɨrla-j] bar-a e-di
Glosses: Fatima by.foot  happy song-ACC sing-CONV go-CONV AUX-PST1.3SG
Translation: Fatima₁ was walking by foot, PRO₁ singing a happy song.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Aslan₁ šindik-de [ meni zɨr-ɨm-ma tɨŋɨla-j] oltur-a e-di
Glosses: Aslan chair-LOC  my song-1SG-DAT listen-CONV sit-CONV AUX-3SG
Translation: Aslan₁ was sitting on the chair, PRO₁ listening to my song.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima Kerim-ni₁ bu zol bla
Glosses: Fatima Kerim-ACC this road with
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ tüken-den cɨʁ-ɨp] bar-ʁan-dɨ
Glosses:  store-ABL come.out-CONV go-CAUS-PST2-3SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ tüken-den cɨʁ bar-ʁan-dɨ
Glosses:  store-ABL come.out-CAUS-CONV go-PST2-3SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ tüken-den cɨʁ bar-ʁan-dɨ
Glosses:  store-ABL come.out-CAUS-CONV go-CAUS-PST2-3SG
Translation: Fatima made Kerim₁ go by this road, after PRO₁ leaving the store.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Fatima Aslan-ʁa₂ [ zɨr-ʁa tɨŋɨla-p] tüš-ge azɨq et-dir-gen-di
Glosses: Fatima Aslan-DAT  song-DAT listen-CONV sleep-DAT food make-CAUS-PST2-3SG
Translation: Fatima made Aslan₂ make dinner, after PRO₂ listening to the song.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *zɨr-la-nɨ₂ men Fatima₁ bu zol bla [ zɨrla-j] [ gül-le-ni zɨj-a] ajla-ŋan sun-a-ma
Glosses: song-PL-ACC I Fatima this road with  sing-CONV  flower-PL-ACC collect-CONV walk-PST2 think-PRS-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: gül-le-ni men Fatima₁ bu zol bla [ zɨr-la-nɨ zɨrla-j] [ zɨj-a] ajla-ŋan sun-a-ma
Glosses: flower-PL-ACC I Fatima this road with  song-PL-ACC sing-CONV  collect-CONV walk-PST2 think-PRS-1SG
Translation: I think that Fatima₁ is walking down this road, .
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj kwárta .
Glosses: EXIST money
Translation: Context: You open a box and look inside; someone asks ‘what’s inside?’ ‘There is money.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj kwárta sa síja .
Glosses: EXIST money LOC chair
Translation: There’s money on the chair.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj kwárta ro maʔéstra .
Glosses: EXIST money TOP teacher
Translation: The teacher has money.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *maj ro maʔéstra kwárta .
Glosses: EXIST TOP teacher money
Translation: Intended: ‘The teacher has money.’ (cf. 5c)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *maj {ʔit/ko kwárta} {ro maʔéstra}.
Glosses: EXIST UNM.OBL money TOP teacher
Translation: Intended: ‘The teacher has money.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: May [b<in>ili-ng libro] ang babae .
Glosses: EXIST <PV.PFV>buy-LK book TOP woman
Translation: The woman bought a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj [gin-bakáɰ ŋa líbro] ro báji .
Glosses: EXIST PV.PFV-buy LK book TOP woman
Translation: The woman bought a book.’ (EEC)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj [gin-taʔó sa ʔuŋáʔ] ro maʔéstra .
Glosses: EXIST PV.PFV-give DAT child TOP teacher
Translation: The teacher gave something to the child.’ (EEC)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: gin-ɰáhaʔ ni María ro ʔísdaʔ
Glosses: PV.PFV-COOK UNM M . TOP fish
Translation: Maria cooked the fish.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: naʔílaʔ akó ʔit ɰáŋkaʔ .
Glosses: (STAT)like 1SG.TOP UNM jackfruit
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ro maʔéstra maj [ [ t [ ][ Op [ PRO gin-taʔó t sa ʔuŋáʔ]]]].
Glosses: TOP teacher EXIST  PV.PFV-give DAT child
Translation: The teacher gave something to the child.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ro maʔéstra
Glosses: TOP teacher
Translation: the teacher
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔit hampáŋ-an
Glosses: UNM play-LV
Translation: a toy
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ro maʔéstra maŋa
Glosses: TOP teacher PL
Translation: Intended: ‘the teachers
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *maŋa gin-taʔó ko maʔéstra sa ʔuŋáʔ ro líbro .
Glosses: PL PV.PFV-give OBL teacher DAT child TOP book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔána ŋa maŋa bákɰ-an
Glosses: 3SG.GEN LK PL buy-LV.FUT
Translation: (the places) where s/he will buy from
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: si María maj gin-dibúho .
Glosses: TOP M . EXIST PV.PFV-carve
Translation: Maria did a carving.’ (EEC)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: si María maj dibúho .
Glosses: TOP M . EXIST carving
Translation: Maria has a carving.’ (Consultant’s Comment: ‘That is clearly not Maria’s carving, it just means she bought it or stole it. She has a carving that wasn’t made by her.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj gin-taʔó sa ʔána=ŋ ʔasáwa si Gloría
Glosses: EXIST PV.PFV-give DAT 3SG.GEN=LK spouse TOP G . 
Translation: Gloriaₓ gave something to herₓ partner,
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔag maw man si María .
Glosses: and so also TOP M . 
Translation: and so too did Maria [PRO give something to her partner].’ (EEC)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj [PRO gin-ɰáhaʔ] [ro tátaj ni Raʔúlₓ].
Glosses: EXIST  PV.PFV-cook TOP father UNM R . 
Translation: [Raul’sₓ father] cooked something.’ (EEC)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: L’Eva es dedica a [PRO la falsificació de passaports].
Glosses: the.Eva REF devotes to the forgery of passports
Translation: Eva forges passports (for a living).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ga-ʔúsoj akó ʔit koŋ náno ro ʔákon ŋa ma-druwíŋ-an .
Glosses: AV.IPFV-seek 1SG.TOP UNM C what TOP 1SG.GEN LK POT-draw-LV
Translation: I’m looking for something I can draw on.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maj [dájwa=ŋ gin-ɰáhaʔ] si Raʔúl .
Glosses: EXIST two=LK PV.PFV-cook TOP R . 
Translation: Raul cooked two things.’ (EEC)
Language: German
Transcription: Was hat Otto [ immer [t für Romane] gelesen]?
Glosses: what has Otto  always t for novels read
Translation: What kind of novels has Otto always read?
Language: German
Transcription: *Was hat Otto [ [t für Romane] immer t gelesen]?
Glosses: what has Otto  t for novels always t read
Translation: What kind of novels has Otto always read?
Language: German
Transcription: *Was₁ haben [₃ t₁ für Bücher] [₂ den Fritz] beeindruckt ?
Glosses: what have  t₁ for books.NOM  the.ACC Fritz impressed
Translation: What kind of books impressed Fritz?
Language: German
Transcription: Was₁ haben [₂ den Fritz] [₃ t₁ für Bücher] beeindruckt ?
Glosses: what have  the.ACC Fritz  t₁ for books.NOM impressed
Translation: What kind of books impressed Fritz?
Language: German
Transcription: Was₁ haben [₂ den Fritz] [₃ t₁ für Bücher] t₂ beeindruckt ?
Glosses: what have  the.ACC Fritz  t₁ for books.NOM t₂ impressed
Translation: What kind of books impressed Fritz?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Was haben [₂ den Fritz] [₃ t₁ für BÜCHER] t₂ beeindruckt ?
Glosses:     L    H*L   H%
Translation: What kind of BOOKS have impressed Fritz?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Was haben [₃ t₁ für Bücher] [₂ den FRITZ] beeindruckt ?
Glosses:      L   H*L  H%
Translation: What kind of books have impressed FRITZ?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Was haben [₃ t₁ für BÜCHER .NOM] [₂ den .ACC Fritz] beeindruckt ?
Glosses:      H*L   L  H%
Translation: Which BOOKS have impressed Fritz?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Was haben den für Ärzte den den MINISTER kritisiert ?
Glosses: what have PRT for doctors.NOM PRT the.ACC minister criticized ? 
Translation: What kind of doctors criticized the MINISTER?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Was haben den für ÄRZTE den den Minister kritisiert ?
Glosses: what have PRT for doctors.NOM PRT the.ACC minister criticized ? 
Translation: What kind of DOCTORS criticized the minister?
Language: Slovenian
Transcription: Krava in njena teleta so trčila druga ob drugo .
Glosses: cow and her calves AUX collided other into another
Translation: A cow and her calves collided with each other.
Language: German
Transcription: Ich blätterte in der Zeitung und Peter las in einem Roman .
Glosses: I browsed in the journal and Peter read in a novel
Translation: I browsed through the journal, and Peter read in a novel.
Language: German
Transcription: ?Ich blätterte in der Zeitung und in einem Roman las Peter .
Glosses: I browsed in the journal and in a novel read Peter
Translation: I browsed through the journal, and in a novel, Peter read.
Language: German
Transcription: *Ich blätterte in der Zeitung und in einem Roman Peter .
Glosses: I browsed in the journal and in a novel Peter
Language: Dutch
Transcription: Marije gaat naar school en Fenna gaat naar de universiteit .
Glosses: Marije goes to school and Fenna goes to the university
Translation: Marije goes to school and Fenna goes to the university.
Language: Dutch
Transcription: ?Marije gaat naar school en naar de universiteit gaat Fenna .
Glosses: Marije goes to school and to the university goes Fenna
Translation: Marije goes to school and to University, Fenna goes.
Language: Dutch
Transcription: *Marije gaat naar school en naar de universiteit Fenna .
Glosses: Marije goes to school and to the university Fenna
Language: German
Transcription: [ MIR] hat das Müsli heute morgen nicht geschmeckt .
Glosses:  to.me has the cereal today morning not tasted
Translation: I didn’t like the cereals this morning.
Language: German
Transcription: Der Opa liegt auf dem Sofa und die Oma liegt im Bett .
Glosses: the grandpa lies on the sofa and the grandma  in.DAT bed
Translation: Grandpa is lying on the sofa, and grandma in bed.
Language: German
Transcription: Auf dem Sofa liegt der Opa und im Bett liegt die Oma .
Glosses: on the sofa lies the grandpa and in.DAT bed  the grandma
Translation: Grandpa is lying on the sofa, and grandma in bed.
Language: German
Transcription: *Der Opa liegt auf dem Sofa und im Bett liegt die Oma .
Glosses: the grandpa lies on the sofa and in.DAT bed  the grandma
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Yo iré a Madrid (… los otros , no sé)
Glosses: I go.FUT to Madrid  the others not know.1SG
Translation: I will go to Madrid (… I don’t know about the others).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: YO iré a Madrid (… no Juan).
Glosses: I go.FUT to Madrid  not Juan
Translation: I will go to Madrid (… not John).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: yo no creo ese<alargamiento/> <vacilación/> ese término que le acabas de dar a la ciudad como ciudad dormitorio ¿eh ? / yo creo que es todo lo contrario
Glosses: I not think.1SG this<lengthening> <hesitation> this term that him finish.2SG of give.INF to the city like dormitory town eh  I think that is.3SG all the contrary
Translation: I don’t think that this… term ‘dormitory town’, that (you) just gave the city, is the right one. I think that it is entirely the opposite.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: estaban por las calles y estaban todo el día en Alcalá y todo / o sea y <vacilación/> y bueno no te digo todo <vacilación/> toda su vida militar / ahora yo creo que / salen del cuartel y se van a sus casas
Glosses: were.3PL in the streets and were.3PL all the day in Alcalá and all  that is and <hesitation> and well not you say.1SG all <hesitation> all their life military  now I think that  leave.3PL of-the barracks and REFL go.3PL to their homes
Translation: (They) were in the streets and (they) were in Alcalá all day long. That is, and … well (I) don’t say all… their military life. Now, that (they) leave the barracks and (they) go home.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: [ … (Yo) digo/creo/sé [ Top que [ pro se van a sus casas]]
Glosses:  I say/think/know  that  (they) REFL go.3PL to their home
Translation: I say/think/know that (they) go home.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ¿Qué hizo Juan ayer ?
Glosses: what made.3SG Juan yesterday
Translation: What did John do yesterday?
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Yo creo que pro fue al cine .
Glosses: I think that  went.3SG to-the cinema
Translation: I think that he went to the cinema.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: también depende es que<alargamiento/> no sé yo creo que no sé que habrá otros factores que<alargamiento/> sean los que te hagan ver<alargamiento/> // con más comodidad o no […]
Glosses: also depend.3SG is that<lengthening> not know.1SG I think that not know.1SG that be.FUT other factors that<lengthening> be.SBJV.3PL those that you make.SBJV.3PL see.INF<lengthening>  with more ease or not
Translation: It also depends…(I) don’t know I think that (I) don’t know that there will be other factors that… will be those that will make you see … more comfortably or not […].
Language: Spanish
Transcription: que sí sí está cambiando yo creo que sí // la mayoría de la gente piensa que sí /
Glosses: that yes yes is.3SG changing I think that yes  the majority of the people think.3SG that yes
Translation: yes yes, it is changing I think that it does … most people think that it does
Language: Spanish
Transcription: <simultáneo> yo </simultáneo> creo que sí yo creo que el / tiempo<alargamiento/> las variaciones climatológicas afectan afectan al al individuo creo mmm creo ¿ eh ? creo no puedo tampoco porque claro no tengo<alargamiento/> base para poder opinar ¿ no ?
Glosses: <simultaneous> I <simulataneous> think.1SG that yes I think.1SG that the weather<lengthened> the variations climatological affect.3PL affect.3PL at-the at-the individual think.1SG hm think.1SG eh think.1SG not can.1SG neither because clear not have.1SG<lengthened> base for be-able-to.INF opinion.INF no
Translation: I think that it does. I think that the weather… the variations in the climate affect people. (I) think, right? (I) think. (I) cannot really because of course (I) don’t have background so as to voice an opinion, right?
Language: Spanish
Transcription: yo creo que se hacen cosas / que <vacilación/> / que no están bien
Glosses: I think that SE make.3PL things  that <hesitation>  that not are well
Translation: I think that there are things that are not well-done.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: pero sé que el año pasado / creo que hubo una exhibición
Glosses: but know.1SG that the year past  think.1SG that was.3SG an exhibition
Translation: but (I) know that last year … (I) think that there was an exhibition
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ahí se hace los viernes por la noche creo que son dos <vacilación/> do<alargamiento/>s <vacilación/> / dos fines de semana al mes // es por la noche
Glosses: there SE make.3SG the Fridays at the night think.1SG that are.3PL two <hesitation> two<lengthening> <hesitation>  two weekends per month is.3SG at the night
Translation: It’s done there on Friday evenings (I) think that it is two weekends per month It is at night
Language: Spanish
Transcription: pero<alargamiento/> yo sí sabía que un perro es muy esclavo / que te cambia<alargamiento/> mucho la vida
Glosses: but<lengthening> I yes knew.1SG.IPFV that a dog is very slave that you.DAT change.3SG<lengthening> much the life
Translation: but I did know that a dog is very servile, that it changes your life
Language: Spanish
Transcription: yo creo que también la gente tampoco está concienciada de que realmente puede llegar a pasar algo
Glosses: I think that also the people also.not is.3SG become.aware-PTCP of that really can arrive at happen.INF something
Translation: I think that the people are also not aware that something could really happen
Language: Spanish
Transcription: yo creo que es igual / que la gente no<alargamiento/> <vacilación/> no se conciencia
Glosses: I think that is same  that the people not<lengthening> <hesitation> not REFL become-aware
Translation: I think it’s the same … that the people do not become aware
Language: Spanish
Transcription: No sé qué decirte .
Glosses: not know.1SG what say.INF-you
Translation: (I) don’t know what to tell you.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: yo creo que antes estábamos mucho mejor comunicados // que ahora ¿no ?
Glosses: I think that before were.1PL much better connected  than now no
Translation: I think that before (we) were better connected than now, right?
Language: Spanish
Transcription: bueno pues yo creo que ya hemos terminado
Glosses: well well I think.1SG that already have.1PL finished
Translation: Well … I think that (we) have already finished.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: claro / pues yo creo que ya hemos terminado ¿qué dices tú ?
Glosses: sure  well I think.1SG that already have.1PL finished what say.2SG you
Translation: Sure… well I think that (we) have already finished. What do you say?
Language: Spanish
Transcription: yo es que / creo que es una cosa que no tiene tantas variaciones como a veces se dice que hay ¿no ?
Glosses: I is that  think.1SG that is a thing that not have.3SG so-many variations as sometimes SE say.3SG that there-are no
Translation: Me, the thing is that I think that it is something that doesn’t have so much variation as (they) sometimes say that there is, right?
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ¿hay mucho problema en el barrio ? […] concretamente en el barrio de Salamanca
Glosses: there-is much problem in the neighborhood  concretely in the neighborhood of Salamanca
Language: Spanish
Transcription: no yo en el barrio de Salamanca aah no creo que<alargamiento/> no creo si hacemos un término comparativo con otros barrios
Glosses: no I in the neighborhood of Salamanca aah not think.1SG that<lengthening> not think.1SG if make.1PL a term comparative with other neighborhoods
Translation: E: Are there a lot of problems in the neighborhood? To be precise, in the neighborhood of Salamanca?’ ‘I: No. No. Me, in the Salamanca neighborhood, I don’t think that … I don’t think so, if we compare it to other neighborhoods.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: es que yo creo que ahora la gente son más decididas porque […]
Glosses: is that I think that now the people are more determined because
Translation: [The thing] is that I think that the people are more determined now because […]
Language: Spanish
Transcription: y<alargamiento/> observo que por la calle / mmm sí tienen los dos cubos el amarillo y el normal ¿no ? / pero el amarillo yo creo que no se saca tanto como<alargamiento/> como el normal /
Glosses: and<lengthening> observe.1SG that on the street  mmm yes have.3PL the two bins the yellow and the normal no  but the yellow I think that not SE take-out so-much like<lengthening> like the normal
Translation: And …(I) observe that (they) do have both garbage cans on the street – the yellow [one] and the normal [one], right? But the yellow [one], I think that (they) don’t take it out as often as the normal [one]
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ahí hay una <vacilación/> un defecto yo creo que de of
Glosses: there there-is a <hesitation> a flaw I think.1SG that previsión / foresight
Translation: there is a flaw, I think [that], of foresight
Language: Spanish
Transcription: y tú crees que eso eeh eso que se cuenta de del / del cambio climático ¿tú todo eso cómo lo ves ?
Glosses: and you think.2SG that this eh this that SE tell of of-the  of-the change climatic you all that how it see.2SG
Translation: And you think that what they say about climate change, you, all that, what do you think about it?
Language: German
Transcription: Ich glaube er hat recht .
Glosses: I believe.1SG he has right
Translation: I think, he’s right.
Language: German
Transcription: Ich glaube nicht , *er hat recht / ᵒᵏdass er recht hat .
Glosses: I believe.1SG not, *he has right / that he right has
Language: Spanish
Transcription: (Yo) creo que tiene razón .
Glosses: I think.1SG that has.IND right
Language: Spanish
Transcription: (Yo) no creo que tenga razón .
Glosses: I not think.1SG that has.SBJV right
Translation: I (don’t) think that he’s right.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: { Ella / pro} le acaba de pedir el divorcio .
Glosses:  she him finish.3SG of ask.INF the divorce
Translation: (She) has just asked him for a divorce.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Der Ampfang wurde vom / *von dem Burgermeister eroffnet .
Glosses: the reception was by.the / by the mayor opened
Translation: The reception was opened by the mayor.’ (Schwarz 2009)
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Hans hat einen Schriftsteller und einen Politiker interviewt .
Glosses: Hans has a writer and a politician interviewed
Translation: Hans interviewed a writer and a politician.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Er hat *vom / von dem Politiker keine interessanten Antworten bekommen .
Glosses: He has from.the / from the politician no interesting answers gotten
Translation: He didn’t get any interesting answers from the politician.’ (Schwarz 2009)
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: rahëṭ-no bëtre d-u zcuro
Glosses: run-1SG after of-DEF child
Translation: I chased the boy.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: rahëṭ-no bëtre d-u zcur-awo
Glosses: run-1SG after of-DEF child-DEM
Translation: I chased that boy.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: aḥoni macmarle bayto
Glosses: brother.POSS.1 built house
Translation: My brother built a house.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u bayto qariwo-yo l-u bayto d-u malko
Glosses: DEF house near-COP to-DEF house of-DEF king
Translation: The house is near the house of the king.’ (Doron & Khan 2016)
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u kalbo carša kokoyu
Glosses: DEF dog tooth hurt
Translation: The dog has a toothache
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: lazëm ëzi l-u dukano
Glosses: must go.1SG to-DEF store
Translation: I must go to the grocer.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Armstrong wa ‘u barnošo qamoyo d-faer l-u sahro
Glosses: Armstrong COP.PST DEF person first COMP-fly to-DEF moon
Translation: Armstrong was the first person to fly to the moon.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ḥze-lan cito b-falge d-I krito .
Glosses: saw-to.us church in-middle of-DEF village
Translation: We found a church in the middle of the village.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u burgo ëšmto cwiyo wa
Glosses: DEF tower a little bit crooked COP.PST
Translation: The tower was a little crooked.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Abgar zvëlle kowo adyawma .
Glosses: Abgar bought book today
Translation: Abgar bought a book today.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u kaowo franšoyo yo .
Glosses: DEF author French COP
Translation: The author is French.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: zvëlli furtakala .
Glosses: bought.for.me orange . 
Translation: I bought an orange today.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘i furtakala ġalabe basëmto wa
Glosses: DEF orange very tasty COP.PST
Translation: The orange was very tasty.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u Sargon sëmle mëqablonuto cam katowo w politiqayo .
Glosses: DEF Sargon had interview with writer and politician
Translation: Sargon interviewed a writer and a politician.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: lo atile funoye ṭowe m-u politiqayo
Glosses: NEG get answers good from-DEF politician
Translation: He didn’t get any interesting answers from the politician.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Muše lat-yo ‘u kaowo yëḥidoyo d-u ktow-awo
Glosses: Moushe NEG-COP DEF author only of-DEF book-DEM.FEM
Translation: Moushe is not the only author of that book.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Sona lo zmërla wa ‘i zmirto yaḥidayto b-u ḥago
Glosses: Sona NEG sing COP.PST DEF song only at-DEF party
Translation: Sona did not sing the only song at the party.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: a karkdone ḥewore mën-kara-ḍe
Glosses: DEF.PL rhino white became-extinct-3PL
Translation: The white rhino has become extinct.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘i eqaro amrikayto ko-quryo 16 ktowe kul šato
Glosses: DEF family American read 16 books every year
Translation: The American family reads 16 books a year.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: a kalbe lo kruḥmi a qatune
Glosses: DEF.PL dogs NEG love DEF.PL cats
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: a iṭaloye ṭaboxe ṭawe-ne
Glosses: DEF.PL Italians cooks good-COP.3PL
Translation: Italians are good cooks.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Bob qrele ‘i gazeta , w John ste (qrela ‘i gazeta)
Glosses: bob read DEF newspaper and John also (read DEF newspaper)
Translation: Bob read the newspaper, and John did too.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: kroḥam-no ‘i radayta-yo ‘i semaqto
Glosses: love-1SG DEF car-DEM DEF red
Translation: I love that red car.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u kalb-ayi ‘u šafiro
Glosses: DEF dog-POSS DEF beautiful
Translation: my beautiful dog
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: huwe yo ‘u zamor-ayi ‘u rḥimo
Glosses: PRO COP DEF artist-POSS DEF favorite
Translation: He is my favorite artist.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: aḥon-i ‘u nacimu
Glosses: brother-POSS DEF small
Translation: my younger brother
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: g-coyašno b-u bayt-ano ‘u nacimo
Glosses: FUT-live in-DEF house-DEM DEF small
Translation: I shall live in this small house.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: hate yo ‘i wardo d-Ashur ‘i šafirto
Glosses: this COP.PRES DEF rose of-Ashur DEF beautiful
Translation: This is Ashur’s beautiful rosebush
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘u-nacimo d-kulle
Glosses: DEF-small of-all
Translation: the smallest’ (lit. ‘the small of all’) Waltisberg (2016: 61, ex. (106))
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: rab kowo hano yo
Glosses: big.CMPR book DEM COP
Translation: This is the biggest book.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Sargon salaq l-ali-tër ṭuro b-afrika
Glosses: Sargon climbed to-high-CMPR mountain in-Africa
Translation: Sargon climbed the highest mountain in Africa.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘i momo kosaymo basim-tër besqwit b-i brito
Glosses: DEF mother bakes tasty-CMPR cookies in-DEF world
Translation: Mom bakes the yummiest cookies in the whole world.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: lat-no ‘u hadomo d-i iqartaydi d-këtla nacëm-tër kacaro
Glosses: NEG-1SG DEF person of-DEF family.POSS COMP-has small-CMPR waist
Translation: I’m not the one in the family with the thinnest waist.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ono no d-košote noketz-tër qahwuto
Glosses: REDUP 1SG COMP-drink less-CMPR coffee
Translation: I am the one who drinks the least coffee.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ‘i momo këmmo-le kolazëm d-šote qahwuto noketz-tër
Glosses: DEF mother says-to.him needs to-drink coffee little-CMPR
Translation: Mom says that he ought to drink less coffee.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ṭav-tër yalufo b-u sedro d-malfono Malka gëd otile dašno
Glosses: good-CMPR student in-DEF class of-teacher Malka will get prize
Translation: The best student in Mr. Malka’s class will get a reward.’ (Wespel 2008)
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: b-u sedro d-malfono Malka ṭav-tër yalufo gëd otile dašno
Glosses: in-DEF class of-teacher Malka good-CMPR student will get prize
Translation: In Mr. Malka’s class, the best pupil will get a reward. (Wespel 2008)
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: me-bayne d-u Moushe wa ‘u Sargon wa ‘i Atour ‘u Sargon salak l-ali-tër ṭuro
Glosses: from-among of-DEF Moushe and DEF Sargon and DEF Atour DEF Sargon climbed to-high-CMPR mountain
Translation: Among Moushe, Sargon, and Atour, Sargon climbed the highest mountain.’ (Wespel 2008)
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: al-kaatib-u l-gayyid-u HaDar-a
Glosses: DEF-writer.3M.SG-NOM DEF-good.3M.SG-NOM came.3M.SG
Translation: The good (male) writer came.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: Aagwad-u kaatib-i-n HaDar-a
Glosses: good.SPRL-NOM writer.3M.SG-GEN-INDEF came.3M.SG
Translation: The best (male) writer came.
Language: Turoyo
Transcription: ann armënoye ḥzalle cayni tacadda
Glosses: DEF.PL Armenians saw same persecution
Translation: The Armenians experienced the same persecution (as the Syriac people)’ (Jastrow & Talay 2019: 168)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maryam (a) ketāb . (b) yek ketāb (c) ketāb-rā kharid .
Glosses: Maryam  book   one book  book-OM bought . 
Translation: Maryam bought (a) a book / books / (b) a book / (c) the book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hæmeh ketāb khoondand .
Glosses: all book read.PL
Translation: All people read a book/books.’ ∀ > ∃
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali ketab-e-kohneh kharid
Glosses: Ali book-EZ-old bought
Translation: Ali bought old books.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (KETĀB) (OFTAD)
Glosses: book fell.3SG
Translation: The book fell.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (KETĀB oftad).
Glosses: book fell.3SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (MOOSH) ((GHAZA-RĀ) (KHORD-E)).
Glosses: mouse food-OM eat-PERF.3SG
Translation: The mouse ate the food
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (GHAZA-RĀ) (MOOSH khord-e).
Glosses: food-OM mouse ate.3SG
Translation: The food, some mouse / mice ate.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Leila mikhad ye mashin be-khareh .
Glosses: Leila want.3SG a car SUBJUNCTIVE-buy.3SG
Translation: Leila wants to buy a car.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Max rooznameh khoond . Maryam ham hamin-tor .
Glosses: Max newspaper read.3SG Maryam also same-way
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Razi alcohol-rā kashf-kard .
Glosses: Razi alcohol-OM discover-did.3SG
Translation: Razi discovered alcohol.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ KETĀB₂ [ hamē [ diruz [ t₁ [ t₂ [ kharidand ]]]]]]
Glosses:  book  everybody  yesterday  bought.3PL
Translation: It is a book / books that everybody bought yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maryam yek ketāb-rā bardasht
Glosses: Maryam one book-OM picked.3SG
Translation: Maryam picked up a book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: va be yek doost-i dād
Glosses: and to one friend-DAT gave.3SG
Translation: and gave it to a friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oo ham foran khoond-esh .
Glosses: (s)he also immediately read-did.3SG
Translation: He read it immediately.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Har vaght Maryam yek ketāb mi-kharid , oon-o be yek doost-i mi-dad .
Glosses: every time Maryam one book DUR-buy.3SG that-OM to one friend-IDF DUR-gave3SG
Translation: Whenever Maryam bought a book, she gave it to a friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Jeld charmi bood .
Glosses: cover-3SG leather was.3SG
Translation: Its cover was of leather.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jeld charmi bood .
Glosses: cover-3PL leather was.3SG
Translation: Their covers were of leather.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maryam₁ ∃ [ t₁ ketāb kharid]
Glosses: Maryam  book bought
Translation: Maryam bought a book / books
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maryam too foroushgah yek ketāb va yek taghvim did .
Glosses: Maryam in store one book and one calendar saw.3SG
Translation: Maryam saw a book and a calendar in the store.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ketāb₁-rā ∃ [ t₁ kharid]
Glosses: book-OM  bought
Translation: Maryam bought the book.’ cf. DRS in (30b)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maryam₁ ∃ [ t₁ ketāb]. kharid Jeld-/  charmi bood .
Glosses: Maryam   book bought cover-3SG/3PL leather was.3SG
Translation: Maryam bought a book / books.’ ‘Its / their cover was/were of leather.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali #(ye) khaneh dareh . Khane-ye-digari ham dareh ke ejareh mideh .
Glosses: Ali one house has house-of-other also has that rent gives . 
Translation: Ali owns a house. He also owns another house that he rents.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maryam divar-rā rang zad .
Glosses: Maryam wall-OM color hit.3SG
Translation: Mary painted the wall.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Gheimat-e-sh geroon bood
Glosses: price-of-it expensive was.3SG
Translation: Its price was high.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gheimat-e rang geroon bood
Glosses: price-of color expensive was
Translation: The price of the paint was high.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Leili az ketāb-foroushi     khærid , va ba deghat kado-∅ / / kard , va be khaneh-ye-doost-a-sh raft .
Glosses: Leili from book-store book / one book bought.3SG and carefully wrapped-∅ / it / them did and to house-EZ-friend-EZ-her went.3SG
Translation: Leili bought a book/books from bookstore, carefully wrapped (∅-it-them) and went to the house of her friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Banna too sakhteman    sakht , modati baad …
Glosses: builder in building wall / one wall built, sometime later …
Translation: The builder constructed a wall in the building, but sometimes later…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ▢ kharab kard ▢ kharab kard ▢ kharab kard
Glosses: destroy-Ø did.3SG  destroyed-it did.3SG  destroyed-them did.3SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Banna too sakhteman ▢  ▢  sakht , modati baad …
Glosses: builder in building  wall  one wall built, sometime later …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kharab kard / kharab kard / kharab kard
Glosses: destroy-Ø did.3SG  destroyed-it did.3SG  destroyed-them did.3SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Negar dar ketābkhooneh  /   khoond va ________________
Glosses: Negar in library newspaper / one newspaper read.3SG and
Translation: Negar read newspaper / a newspaper in the library and _________________________
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: az ketab-foroushi-e Tahoori ketab kharidam in faal-e hafez ra gozasht la-ye ketab .
Glosses: from book-store -EZ Tahoori book bought.1SG this poem-EZ Hafez-OM put.3SG in.between-EZ book
Translation: bought a book/books from Tahoori bookstore, they put this poem by Hafis into the book
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Voilà des fourmis . Montre-moi celle qui tire la coccinelle .
Glosses: Here some ants . Show-me this/that-her that pulls the . ladybug
Translation: Here are some ants. Show me the one that is pulling the ladybug.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Voilà des fourmis . Montre-moi celle que la coccinelle tire .
Glosses: Here some ants . Show-me this/that-her that the . ladybug pulls
Translation: Here are some ants. Show me the one that the ladybug is pulling.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Voilà des éléphants . Montre-moi ceux qui arrosent le garçon .
Glosses: Here some elephants . Show-me this/that-them that splash the . boy
Translation: SRC (number mismatch) +R – N+Masc+Pl +N+Masc+Sg ‘Here are some elephants. Show me the ones that are splashing the boy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Voilà des éléphants . Montre-moi ceux que le garçon arrose .
Glosses: Here some elephants . Show-me this/that-them that the . boy splashes
Translation: Here are some elephants. Show me the ones that the boy is splashing.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Montre-moi le chameau  que le zèbre suit .
Glosses: Show-me the . camel that the . zebra follows
Translation: Show me the camel that the zebra is following.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Montre-moi le vélo que le chien suit .
Glosses: Show-me the . bike that the . dog follows
Translation: ORC animacy mismatch +R+N –An +N+An ‘Show me the bike that the dog is following.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Qui est-ce que la grenouille arrose6 ?
Glosses: Who ESK  the . frog splashes
Translation: Who is the frog splashing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Quelle princesse est-ce que la grenouille arrose ?
Glosses: Which . princess ESK  the . frog splashes
Translation: Which princess is the frog splashing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tare li et . ha-sus she-mesarkim oto  (Friedmann et al . 2009)
Glosses: show to-me ACC the-horse that-brush-PL him  
Translation: Show me the horse that they. are brushing.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: La grenouille arrose qui/quelle princesse ?
Glosses: The.FEM.SG frog splashes who/which.FEM.SG princess
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Qui/Quelle princesse la grenouille arrose ?
Glosses: Who/Which.FEM.SG princess the.FEM.SG frog splashes
Translation: Who/Which princess is the frog splashing?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ani xoshev [ she [ et ha glida ha zo [ha yalda axla .]]]
Glosses: I think  that  P.ACC the-ice.cream the-this the-girl ate
Translation: I think that this girl ate this ice-cream.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ha-glida [ she-[ ot-a [ha yalda axla]]] hayta yeruka .
Glosses: the-ice.cream.FEM  that P.ACC-3SG.FEM the-girl ate was green
Translation: The ice-cream that the girl ate was green.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: *Ani xoshev [ et ha glida ha zo [ she [ha yalda axla .]]]
Glosses: I think  P.ACC the-ice.cream the-this  that the-girl ate
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ani toha [ im [ et nisui ha xazara ha arox ha ze [miri herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder if  P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this Miri ran by-herself
Translation: I wonder whether Miri ran this long repetition experiment by herself.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: *Ani toha [ et nisui ha-xazara ha arox ha-ze [ im [miri herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this if Miri ran by-herself
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: … ve-[ et ha maamar al afazia , [ mi roce lehacig ?]]
Glosses: … and P.ACC the-paper about aphasia who wants to.present
Translation: … ‘and who wants to present the-paper about aphasia?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: *…. ve-[ mi [ et ha maamar al afazia roce lehacig]]?
Glosses: * and who P.ACC the-paper about aphasia wants to.present ?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: …. ve-[ lama [ et ha maamar al afazia [at lo roca lehacig ?]]]
Glosses: …. and why P.ACC the-paper about aphasia you no want to.present
Translation: … ‘and why don’t you want to present the-paper about aphasia?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Pitom Yoni hitxarfen ve halax .
Glosses: suddenly Yoni flipped_out and-left
Translation: Suddenly Yoni flipped out and left.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: [ Mi [ pitom kam ve-halax ?]]
Glosses:  who suddenly stood_up and-left
Translation: Who suddenly stood up and left?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ??[ Pitom [ mi kam ve-halax ?]]
Glosses:  suddenly who stood_up and-left
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: [ Pitom [ lakax [ Yoni et ha duvdevanim ve halax .]]]
Glosses:  suddenly  took  Yoni P.ACC the-cherries and-left
Translation: Suddenly Yoni took the cherries and left.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ma axla ha yalda b a    kikar ?
Glosses: what ate the-girl in-the-square
Translation: What did the girl in the square eat?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Eix osa para ?
Glosses: how does cow
Translation: What sound does a cow make?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ani toha ma axla ha yalda b a    kikar .
Glosses: I wonder what ate the-girl in-the-square
Translation: I wonder what the girl ate in the square.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Et ha-glida axla ha yalda be-teavon rav .
Glosses: P.ACC the-ice.cream ate the-girl in appetite much
Translation: The girl ate the ice-cream with much appetite.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ha glida she axla ha yalda hayta yeruka .
Glosses: the-ice.cream that-ate the-girl was green
Translation: The ice-cream that the girl ate was green.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: *Ani xoshev she axla ha yalda glida .
Glosses: I think that-ate the-girl ice.cream
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Axshav ani ekax et ha dag ha ze . (Uri , 2;5)
Glosses: now I take.FUT P.ACC the-fish the-this
Translation: Now I will take this fish.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ze oxel she-(arb pro)-notnim b-a-tei .
Glosses: this food that              give.PL in-the-tea
Translation: that’s food that one puts(?) in the tea.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Hine ha gorila she-(pro)-macat .
Glosses: here the-gorilla that        found.2SG.FEM
Translation: Here is the gorilla that you found.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ani ekax od cura she-ani roce .
Glosses: I take.FUT another form that-I want
Translation: I will take another form that I want.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Eize tinok (arb pro)-nasim po levad ?
Glosses: which baby put.FUT.PL here alone
Translation: Which baby shall we put here alone?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Dag be-ceva kesef she lo maca l o xaverim .
Glosses: fish in color silver that-no found for-him friends
Translation: A silver-colored fish that hasn’t found any friends.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ? ….ve-[ et ha maamar al afazia [ lama at lo roca lehacig ? ]]
Glosses:  ….and P.ACC the-paper about aphasia why you not want to.present
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ani toha [ lama [ et nisui ha xazara ha arox ha ze [Hedva herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder why P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this Hedva ran in-herself
Translation: I wonder why did Hedva run this long repetition experiment by herself.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: *Ani toha [ et nisui ha xazara ha arox ha ze [ lama [Hedva herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this why Hedva ran in-herself
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: (b a    yeshiva) etmol , mi kam ve halax ?
Glosses: (in-the-meeting) yesterday who stood_up and-left
Translation: (In-the-meeting) yesterday, who stood up and left?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Et ha xaver ha ze Dan pagash b a    gan .
Glosses: P.ACC the-friend the-this Dan met in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Et ha xaver ha ze pagash Dan b a    gan .
Glosses: P.ACC the-friend the-this met Dan in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Ha xaver ha ze , Dan pagash ot o b-a    gan .
Glosses: the-friend the-this, Dan met P.ACC-3SG.MAS in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: *Ha xaver ha ze , pagash Dan ot o b a    gan .
Glosses: the-friend the-this, met Dan P.ACC-3SG.MAS in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Lama ma kara ?
Glosses: why what happened ?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Lama ma ?
Glosses: why what ?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Lama mi met ?
Glosses: why who died ?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: Hine safta ba’a (Leor 2;2)
Glosses: here grandma comes
Translation: Here comes grandma.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: era su primer clase […] porque ella era una junior
Glosses: be-IMP.3SG her first class […] because she be-IMP.3SG a . junior
Translation: it was her first class because she was a junior’ (CESA024)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sí , tengo un pues ahorita tengo un stepson
Glosses: yes, have-PRS.1SG um well right now have-PRS.1SG a . stepson . 
Translation: yes, right now I have a stepson’ (CESA024)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: él hasta a veces lo saco sin la leash
Glosses: ‘he [a dog] sometimes CL.ACC take-PST.1SG out without the . leash’
Translation: sometimes I even take him [the dog] out without the leash’ (CESA028)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: y siempre tenía un wand […] pero él cargaba el wand
Glosses: and always have-IMP.3SG a . wand […] but he carry-IMP.3SG the . wand
Translation: and he always had a wand […] but he would carry the wand’ (CESA020)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: porque yo era una tomboy cuando era chiquita
Glosses: because I be-IMP.1SG a . tomboy when be-IMP.1SG small-F
Translation: because I was a tomboy when I was little’ (CESA013)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mi amiga era una border patrol agent
Glosses: my friend-F.SG be-IMP.3SG a . border patrol agent
Translation: my friend was a border patrol agent’ (CESA024)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: pero queríamos el bishop
Glosses: but want-IMP.2PL the . bishop
Translation: but we wanted the bishop’ (CESA006)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cristóbal Colón no es-no descubrió , fue un intruder
Glosses: C . C . no is -no discover-PAST.3SG is.PAST.3SG a . intruder
Translation: C. C. did not discover, he was an intruder’ (CESA0045)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ehh , me pusieron en la cash registrar ahora
Glosses: ehh, CL put-PAST.3PL in the . cash registrar now
Translation: ehh, they put me in the cash register’ (CESA041)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: pero también el curfew para mí se lo quitaron mis papás
Glosses: but also the . curfew for me CL CL.ACC take-PAST.3PL my parents
Translation: but the curfew my parents lift it out too’ (CESA067)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Y él tenía alto . Y yo tenía el go
Glosses: and he have-IMP.3SG stop . And I have-IMP.1SG the . go
Translation: and he had a red light. And I had a green light’ (CESA041)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: me hicieron un drop una de mis clases
Glosses: to-me do-PAST.3PL a . drop one-F of my classes
Translation: they dropped one of my classes’ (CESA062)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: The old man está enojado . (Woolford 1983: 527)
Glosses: The old man is mad-M
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I’m not terca . (Pfaff 1979: 305)
Glosses: I’m not stubborn-F
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: pues yo voy a entrar en el army
Glosses: well I go-PST.1SG to join-INF in the . army
Translation: well, I will join the army’ (CESA007)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: *Leer , lamento que haya leído .
Glosses: to.read regret.1SG that have.3SG read
Translation: As for reading, I regret that she/he did read.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: *Lamento que algo haya leído .
Glosses: regret.1SG that something have.3SG read
Translation: I regret that she/he did read.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer el libro , sé que lo leyó .
Glosses: to.read the book know.1SG that it read.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, I know that he read it.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: *Leer el libro , lamento que lo haya leído .
Glosses: to.read the book regret.1SG that it have.3SG read
Translation: As for reading the book, I regret that he read it.
Language: Ancient Hebrew
Transcription: Lirkod Gil lo yirkod ba-xayim .
Glosses: to.dance Gil not will.dance in.the.life
Translation: As for dancing, Gil will never dance.
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: Énekelni , énekelt Mari .
Glosses: to.sing sang.3SG Mari
Translation: As far as singing is concerned, Mari did sing yesterday.
Language: Eastern Yiddish
Transcription: Essen fish est Maks .
Glosses: to.eat fish eat.3SG Maks
Translation: As for eating fish, Maks eats them.
Language: Brazilian Portuguese
Transcription: Emprestar a caneta para a Maria , o João emprestou .
Glosses: to.lend the pen for the Maria the João lent.3SG
Translation: As for lending the pen to Maria, João lent it.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer , leyó .
Glosses: to.read read.3SG
Translation: As for reading, she/he did read.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer el libro , lo leyó .
Glosses: to.read the book it read.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, she/he did read it.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Juan no leyó el libro .
Glosses: Juan not read.3SG the book
Translation: Juan did not read the book
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer , lo LEYÓ (pero no lo entendió).
Glosses: to.read it read.3SG but not it understood.3SG
Translation: As for reading, he did read it (but he did not understand it).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer , leí EL LIBRO (no la revista).
Glosses: to.read read.1SG the book not the magazine
Translation: As for reading, I read THE BOOK (not the magazine).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer el libro , lo leí YO (no Juan).
Glosses: to.read the book it read.1SG I not Juan
Translation: As for reading the book, I read it (not Juan).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Leer el libro , lo leí AYER (no hoy).
Glosses: to.read the book it read.1SG yesterday not today
Translation: As for reading the book, I read it YESTERDAY (not today).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ¿Leyó el libro Juan ?
Glosses: read.3SG the book Juan
Translation: Did Juan read the book?