lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tɯ-ɲɟɤt kɯ tɯ-ci ɯ-ŋgɯ pjɤ-mtsaʁ qʰe pjɤ-si .
Glosses: LNK NMLZ:ACTION-regret ERG INDEF.POSS-water 3SG.POSS-in IFR:DOWN-jump LNK IFR-die
Translation: (Desperate from) regret, he jumped into the water and died.' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pot stʰɯci kɯ-ɤrqʰi me ri , nɯtɕu tɤ-ari ɕti tɕe
Glosses: Tibet such.as SBJ:PCP-be.far not.exist:FACT LNK DEM.LOC AOR:UP-go[II] be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: There is no [place] further away [from here] than Tibet, but he went there.' (meimeidegushi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟa pjɤ-ɕe tɕe
Glosses: Chine IFR:DOWN-go LNK
Translation: He went to China.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “rqaco pjɯ-ɕe-a" tu-kɯ-ti , “smɯlju pɯ-ari-a" tu-ti-nɯ . tɕe ma nɯnɯ zgo nɯ tu-kɯ-ɕe tɕe , akɯ tɕe pa pjɯ-kɯ-ɕe ɲɯ-ra loβ , tɕe núndʐa ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: TOPO IPFV:DOWN-go-1SG IPFV-GENR-say TOPO AOR:DOWN-go[II]-1SG IPFV-say-PL LNK LNK DEM mountain DEM IPFV:UP-GENR:S/O-go LNK east LOC down IPFV:DOWN-GENR:S/O-go SENS-be.needed SFP LNK for.this.reason SENS-be
Translation: People say `I will go (down) to Rqakyo', or `I went [down] to Smeliu', this is because one has to go up a mountain and back down its eastern side.' (150904 akW andi-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006372#S15"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: alo ji-tɯ-ci cʰɯ-kɯ-ɣi , <jiaomujiao> tɯ-ci nɯ
Glosses: upstream 1PL.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-SBJ:PCP-come pl.n INDEF.POSS-water DEM
Translation: Our river upstream [in Kamnyu], the Kyomkyo river…' (150820 ZNGWloR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɕʰitʰɤn cʰɤ-ɣi tɕendɤre <dianchang> cʰɤ-pʰɯt . <dianchang> cʰɤ-pʰɯt , nɯnɯ tɯɲɤt tʰɯ-ɣe nɯ ɯ-rca nɯtɕu tɕe , nɯŋa pɯ-kɯ-nɯrɯ nɯ tɤrca cʰɤ́-wɣ-ɣɯt , tɯ-rdoʁ .
Glosses: LNK mudslide IFR:DOWNSTREAM-come LNK power.station IFR:DOWNSTREAM-take.out power.station IFR:DOWNSTREAM-take.out DEM landslide AOR:DOWNSTREAM-come[II] DEM 3SG.POSS-together DEM.LOC LOC cow PST.IPFV-SBJ:PCP-grazing DEM together IFR:DOWNSTREAM-INV-bring one.piece
Translation: The mudslide swept away the power station. It swept away the power station, and when the landslide occurred, it took away a cow that was grazing [there].' (160715 nWNa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki tɯ-ci cʰɯ-kɯ-ɣi kɯki tú-wɣ-nɯɴqʰu lu-kɯ-ɕe tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM.PROX INDEF.POSS-water IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-SBJ:PCP-come DEM.PROX IPFV-INV-follow IPFV:UPSTREAM-GENR:S/O-go LNK
Translation: [If] you follow this creek upstream…' (04-cuiniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰipʰɯɣ ɯ-pɕoʁ lu-kɯ-ɕe nɯ tɕe “lo", tɕʰimtʰa ɯ-pɕoʁ cʰɯ-kɯ-ɕe nɯ tɕe “tʰɯ-ari-a", “tʰi” tú-wɣ-nɯ-sɤrmi ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: source.of.the.river 3SG.POSS-side IPFV:UPSTREAM-gen:S/O-go DEM LNK upstream lower.reaches 3SG.POSS-side IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-GENR:S/O-go DEM LNK AOR:DOWNSTREAM-go[II]-1SG downstream IPFV-INV-AUTO-call SENS-be
Translation: One calls going towards the source of the river UPSTREAM, and going towards the lower reaches of the river `downstream.' (150904 akW andi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsʰuβdɯn kɯ-sɤ-sɯxɕɤt lɤ-ari-a .
Glosses: TOPO SBJ:PCP-APASS-teach AOR:UPSTREAM-go[II]-1SG
Translation: I went to Tshobdun to teach.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S69"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟa sɤz kɯ-ɤrqʰi me ri , nɯtɕu tʰɯ-ari ɕti
Glosses: China COMIT SBJ:PCP-be.far.away not.exist:FACT LNK DEM:LOC AOR:DOWNSTREAM-go[II] be.AFF:FACT
Translation: There is no [place] further away [from here] than China, but he went there.' (meimeidegushi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕɯχtsi kɤ-ari-j , kɯ-nɤmɲo
Glosses: TOPO AOR:EAST-go[II]-1PL SBJ:PCP-watch
Translation: We went to Cogtse, to visit.' (conversation, 2013-10-15)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɤɣɤt ci cʰɯ-ɕe-a
Glosses: toilet a.little IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-go-1SG
Translation: I am going to the bathroom.' (heard several times in context)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤmɲɯ mɯ-lɤ-tsɯm-a
Glosses: TOPO NEG-AOR:UPSTREAM-take.away-1SG
Translation: I did not take [my mobile phone] to Kamnyu.' (said after having come back to Mbarkham, conversation, 16-02-21)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe mbarkʰom kɯ-rɤ-βzjoz tʰɯ-ɣe-a ,
Glosses: LNK TOPO SBJ:PCP-APASS-study AOR:DOWNSTREAM-come[II]-1SG
Translation: I came to Mbarkham to study.' (140501 tshering skyid) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003902#S48"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕlaʁ ʑo tɯ-ci ɯ-ŋgɯ cʰɤ-mtsʰaʁ tɕe pjɤ-ʑɣɤ-sat .
Glosses: IDPH(I):immediately EMPH INDEF.POSS-water 3SG.POSS-in IFR:DOWNSTREAM-jump LNK IFR-REFL-kill
Translation: He immediately jumped into the water to commit suicide and died.' (qajdoskAt 2002) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003366#S117"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: βlama nɯra kɯ … tsʰɤtʰɤr lu-lɤt-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu . tɕe tɯ-ci ɯ-ŋgɯ s-cʰɯ-lɤt-nɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: lama DEM:PL ERG _ life.release IPFV-release-PL SENS-be LNK INDEF.POSS-water 3SG.POSS-in TRAL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-release-PL LNK
Translation: The lamas perform life release and release [aquatic animals] into the water.' (140510 wugui) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003951#S14"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <wugui> nɯ tɯ-ci ɯ-ŋgɯ lo-nɯ-ɬoʁ
Glosses: turtle DEM INDEF.POSS-water 3SG.POSS-in IFR:UPSTREAM-AUTO-come.out
Translation: The turtle came out of the water.' (elicited, based on a text example)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrmɯkʰa ri tɕe tɕendi ri tɤŋe ɯ-sɤ-ɕqʰlɤt pɕoʁ ri tu .
Glosses: dusk LOC LNK west LOC sun 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-disappear side LOC exist:FACT
Translation: [This star] is found in the west at dusk, at the place where the sun sets.' (29-mWBZi,76)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-rdoʁ nɯnɯ , ɕɤrpɕoʁ ko-ɕe , tɯ-rdoʁ nɯnɯ ʁmbɣi ɯ-sɤ-ɕqʰlɤt nɯtɕu ɲɤ-ɕqʰlɤt .
Glosses: one-piece DEM east IFR:EAST-go one-piece DEM sun 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-disappear DEM:LOC IFR:WEST-disappear
Translation: One [of the feathers] went to the east, another one disappeared in the direction where the sun sets.' (140510 sanpian yumao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003947#S16"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤŋe ɲɤ-nɯ-ɬoʁ
Glosses: sun IFR:WEST-AUTO-come.out
Translation: The sun rose (from the east, towards the west)'. (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora tɕe “sɤrndzu kɤ-ari-a" tu-kɯ-ti ŋu .
Glosses: 1PL LNK TOPO AOR:EAST-go[II]-1SG IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: We (in Kamnyu) say “I went (eastwards) to Sarndzu.' (150904 akW andi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006372#S21"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <jinchuan> nɯ-azɣɯt-i ri
Glosses: TOPO AOR:WEST-arrive-1PL LNK
Translation: When we arrived in Jinchuan…' (2010-1)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-rca aʑo kɯnɤ <faguo> ɲɯ-ɣi-a .
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-following 1SG also France IPFV:WEST-come-1SG
Translation: I am going with you to France.' (conversation, 2013)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ (<dianhua>) ku-lɤt ɕti ma , aʑo ɲɯ-lat-a mɤ-kʰɯ tɕe , andi ku-rɤʑi tɕe ɯ-<dianhuahaoma> a-kɤ-ti mɤ-kʰɯ
Glosses: 3SG ERG phone IPFV:WEST-release be.AFF:FACT LNK 1SG IPFV:WEST-release-1SG NEG-be.possible:FACT LNK west IPFV-stay LNK 3SG.POSS-phone.number 1SG.POSS-INF-say NEG-be.possible:FACT
Translation: It is he who calls [me on the phone], I cannot call him, he lives in the west (in France), I cannot say his phone number.' (conversation, 16-12-28)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: andi smɤnmimitoʁkuɕana ɕɯ-nɤʁdan-a ra tɕe , ɲɯ-ɕe-a tɕe , kɤ-ɣe-a tɕe a-pɯ-ŋu
Glosses: west ANTHR TRAL-invite:FACT-1SG be.needed:FACT LNK IPFV:WEST-go-1SG LNK AOR:EAST-come[II]-1SG LNK IRR-IPFV-be
Translation: I am going to the west to invite Smanmi Metog Koshana [to our realm], let us do [the wedding] when I come [back].' (smAnmi 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ rɟɤkɤr ɲɯ-ɕe kɯ-ra ,
Glosses: DEM India IPFV:WEST-go SBJ:PCP-be.needed
Translation: That [daughter] has to go to India.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ χwɤr ku-ɕe kɯ-ra ɕti ,
Glosses: DEM TOPO IPFV:EAST-go SBJ:PCP-be.needed be.AFF:FACT
Translation: That [daughter] has to go to Hor.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qapri nɯ kɯ kɯ-cʰu pʰɤri li kɤ́-wɣ-tɕɤt ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: snake DEM ERG east-APPROX.LOC opposite.bank again AOR:EAST-INV-take.out SENS-be
Translation: The snake took him to the opposite bank.' (divination 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯ-cʰu pʰɤri nɯtɕu ɯ-wa ko-tsɯm tɕe ,
Glosses: east-APPROX.LOC opposite.bank DEM.LOC 3SG.POSS-father IFR:EAST-take.away LNK
Translation: He took his father to the opposite bank of the river.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-<beifen> kɯ-mbro nɯra lu-maŋlo-nɯ ,
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-seniority SBJ:PCP-be.high DEM.PL IPFV:UPSTREAM-be.upstream-PL
Translation: The elders [sit] higher (i.e. upstream).' (31-khAjmu) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004079#S59"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ tɤ-ftsa nɯ tɤ-rpɯ sɤz lu-kɯ-maŋlo mɯ-pjɤ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: LNK DEM INDEF.POSS-ZS DEM INDEF.POSS-MB COMP IPFV-GENR:S/O-be.upstream NEG-IFR.IPFV-be.usually.the.case
Translation: (In former times) nephews (were not allowed to) be seated higher (i.e. upstream) than their maternal uncles.' (08-saCW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003462#S12"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo ɲɯ-tɯ-maŋlo ɕti ma aʑo ɲɯ-maŋtʰi-a ɕti tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG SENS-2-be.upstream be.AFF:FACT LNK 1SG SENS-be.downstream-1SG be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: You are upstream and I am downstream.' (2014, lang he yang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯ-pa pɯ-ari tɕe tɕe , a-wɤmɯ ɯ-ɣe pɯ-nɯ-ŋu , a-sqʰaj ɣɯ ɯ-ɣe pɯ-nɯ-ŋu tɕe aʑo tɤrcɯrca “a-ɣe" tu-ti-a ɕti .
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-down AOR:DOWN-go[II] LNK LNK 1SG.POSS-brother 3SG.POSS-grandchild PST.IPFV-AUTO-be 1SG.POSS-sister GEN 3SG.POSS-grandchild PST.IPFV-AUTO-be LNK 1SG together 1SG.POSS-grandchild IPFV-say-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: In the [generation] below [that of my nephews], I say a-ɣe `my grandchild' (to all grandnephews), whether they are my brother's grandchildren or my sister's granchildren.' (140425 kWmdza02) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003786"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-tɯ-sɤ-scit kɯ nɯ tɤ-rʑaʁ nɯ-ari mɯ-pjɤ-tso .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-PROP-be.happy ERG DEM INDEF.POSS-time AOR:WEST-go[II] NEG-IFR-understand
Translation: It was so nice there that he did not realize that [a lot of] time had passed.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S273"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤntɕʰɯ-sla ɲɤ-ɕqʰlɤt ri
Glosses: several-months IFR:WEST-disappear LNK
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯ-xpa jɤ-tsu-j ,
Glosses: three-year AOR:UNSPECIFIED-pass-1SG
Translation: We have been [together] for three years [now], and …' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: praʁkʰaŋ ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu lo-ɕe ɲɯ-ŋu tɕeri
Glosses: cave 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC IFR:UPSTREAM-go SENS-be LNK
Translation: He went into the cave.' (140425 shizi huli he lu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯ-ŋgɯ lɤ-ɣi-ndʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-in IMP:UPSTREAM-come-DU LNK
Translation: Come inside the house.' (140507 tangguowu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003933#S87"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: spjaŋkɯ nɯ kɯ kɯm lo-stʰoʁ tɕe , ɯ-ŋgɯ lo-ɕe .
Glosses: wolf DEM ERG door IFR:UPSTREAM-push LNK 3SG.POSS-in IFR:UPSTREAM-go
Translation: The wolf pushed the door open and went in.' (140428 xiaohongmao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯ-pɕi cʰɤ-ɬoʁ .
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-outside IFR:DOWNSTREAM-come.out
Translation: She came out of the house.' (140428 xiaohongmao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003884#S27"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤmɯɣdɯ ɯ-lɤcu ɯ-mŋu ri qandʑi cʰɯ-rku-nɯ
Glosses: musket 3SG.POSS-upstream 3SG.POSS-opening LOC bullet IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-put.in-PL
Translation: They load the bullet into the [barrel] of the musket from the opening [the muzzle]' (28-CAmWGdW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003712#S37"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ mɯzi nɯ tu-nɯt tɕe tɕe qandʑi nɯ lu-βde tɕe ju-ɕe ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: DEM gunpowder DEM IPFV-burn LNK LNK bullet DEM IPFV:UPSTREAM-throw LNK IPFV:UNSPECIFIED-go SENS-be
Translation: The gunpowder flares and drives the bullet out (of the barrel of the muzzle).' (28-CAmWGdW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: scapa lo-χɕoʁ
Glosses: sword IFR:UPSTREAM-take.out
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre “tɤ-fkɯm ɯ-ŋgɯ tɕe tʰɯ-ɕe ɲɯ-ntsʰi wo" to-ti . tɕendɤre <dongguoxiansheng> nɯ kɯ iɕqʰa tɤ-fkɯm ɯ-ŋgɯ jɯɣi nɯra tsuku lo-tɕɤt , … spjaŋkɯ nɯ nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ cʰɤ-rku .
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-bag 3SG.POSS-in LOC IMP:DOWNSTREAM-go SENS-be.better SFP IFR-say LNK ANTHR DEM ERG the.aforementioned INDEF.POSS-bag 3SG.POSS-in book DEM:PL some IFR:UPSTREAM-take.out _ wolf DEM DEM 3SG.POSS-in IFR:DOWNSTREAM-put.in
Translation: Mr. Dongguo said: `Why don't you go into the bag [to hide]', took out some of the books from the bag, and put the wolf into it.' (150901 dongguo xiansheng he lang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <suoluomen> nɯ kɯ aʑo kɯki pʰoŋ ɯ-ŋgɯ tɕe tʰɯ́-wɣ-rku-a ŋu ,
Glosses: ANTHR DEM ERG 1SG DEM.PROX bottle 3SG.POSS-in LOC AOR:DOWNSTREAM-INV-put.in-1SG be:FACT
Translation: Solomon put me in this bottle.' (140512 yufu yu mogui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mar-rgɤm ɯ-ŋgɯ zɯ χwɤr ra ɣɯ nɯ-rɟɤβlun tʰamtɕɤt ɣɯ nɯ-ku nɯ pjɤ-rku
Glosses: butter-box 3SG.POSS-in LOC TOPO PL GEN 3PL.POSS-ministers ALL GEN 3PL.POSS-head DEM TRAL-IFR:DOWN-put.in
Translation: He had put the heads of all the ministers of Hor in a butter box.' (gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-sloχpɯn nɯ kɯ rgɤm ɯ-ŋgɯ zɯ , nɤkinɯ , χɕɤlmdoŋ ci to-tɕɤt tɕe ɲɤ-mbi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-teacher DEM ERG box 3SG.POSS-in LOC FILLER spyglass INDEF IFR:UP-take.out LNK IFR-give
Translation: His teacher took a spyglass from a box and gave it to him.' (140508 benling gaoqiang de si xiongdi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: taqaβ nɯ ɯ-rna ri spoʁ tɕe , tɕe nɯtɕu tɤ-ri ɲɯ́-wɣ-rʁe ,
Glosses: needle DEM 3SG.POSS-ear LOC have.a.hole:FACT LNK LNK DEM:LOC INDEF.POSS-thread IPFV:WEST-INV-pass.through
Translation: The needle has an eye at its tip, and one passes the thread though it.' (12-kAtsxWb) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003486#S29"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯŋa ɯ-ndʐi tʰɯ-kɤ-rɤɣdɯt ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu ko-ɕe .
Glosses: cow 3SG.POSS-skin IPFV-OBJ:PCP-distend 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC IFR:EAST-go
Translation: He went into the distended hide of the cow.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-rna ɯ-ŋgɯ xɕelwi ko-ɕe ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-ear 3SG.POSS-in tick IFR:EAST-go SENS-be
Translation: A tick went into his ear.' (kAndZislama 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ɕa ɯ-ŋgɯ kɤ-ari qʰe , koŋla ɯ-ŋgɯ ʑo ku-ɕe ɕti .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-flesh 3SG.POSS-in AOR:EAST-go[II] LNK completely 3SG.POSS-in EMPH IPFV:EAST-go be.AFF:FACT
Translation: When [its thorn] goes into the flesh, it penetrates completely.' (17-xCAj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-rme nɯ ɯ-pɕi ɲɤ-ɕtʰɯz , ɯ-ndʐi nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ ko-ɕtʰɯz tɕe tɕe to-ŋga .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-hair DEM 3SG.POSS-outside IFR:WEST-turn.towards 3SG.POSS-skin DEM 3SG.POSS-in IFR:EAST-turn.towards LNK LNK IFR-wear
Translation: He turned the fur [of the jacket]_i towards the outside, and the leather towards the inside and wore it_i.' (140513 mutong de disheng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-mbri ɯ-kʰɯkʰa ɯ-ʁar nɯ kɯra ntsɯ tu-ste ŋu ma jɯ-kɯ-nɯqambɯmbjom tɤ-kɯ-rɤŋgat nɯ kɯ-fse , ɯ-ʁar nɯ ɲɯ-qɤt nɤ ku-wum … ŋu
Glosses: AOR-make.noise 3SG.POSS-while 3SG.POSS-wing DEM DEM.PROX:PL always IPFV-do.like[III] be:FACT LNK PROXM-SBJ:PCP-fly IPFV-SBJ:PCP-prepare DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like 3SG.POSS-wing DEM IPFV:WEST-separate ADD IPFV:EAST-gather _ be:FACT
Translation: When it sings, it does this with its wings, as if it is about to fly, it [repeatedly] spreads its wings and then folds them back.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pjɤ-ɣɤrɤt tɕe ɯ-rɟit ra kɯ ko-rɤɕi-nɯ ɲɤ-rɤɕi-nɯ ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: IFR:DOWN-throw LNK 3SG.POSS-offspring PL ERG IFR:EAST-pull IFR:WEST-pull-PL EMPH SENS-be
Translation: She threw them_i down there, and her children tore them_i apart (pulled them_i right and left in a disorderly way).' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S349"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: lɯlu nɯ kɯ ci ko-mɟa , ci ɲo-mɟa tɕe
Glosses: cat DEM ERG one IFR:EAST-grab one IFR:WEST-grab LNK
Translation: The cat grabbed one from his left and one from his right.' (lWlu 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɟiga ki kɯ-fse ku-ɕe nɤ ɲɯ-ɣi , ku-ɕe nɤ ɲɯ-ɣi ,
Glosses: zigzag DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV:EAST-go ADD IPFV:WEST-come IPFV:EAST-go ADD IPFV:WEST-come
Translation: The zigzags go left and right.' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S37"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤdi nɯnɯ tɕe atʰi tu-ti-nɯ . ɕaŋlo nɯ tɕe alo tu-ti-nɯ , kʰɤɕkʰɤr nɯ tɕe kutɕu pɕoʁ pɯ-nɯ-ŋu , kutɕu pɕoʁ pɯ-nɯ-ŋu , tɕekɯ tu-ti-nɯ . tɕe “nɤʑo tɕekɯ kɤ-nɯ-ɕe" nɯra tu-ti-nɯ .
Glosses: lady.seating.place DEM LNK downstream IPFV-say-PL elder.lady.seating.place DEM LNK upstream IPFV-say-PL man.seating.place DEM LNK here side PST.IPFV-AUTO-be here side PST.IPFV-AUTO-be eastwards IPFV-say-PL LNK 1SG eastwards IMP:EAST-AUTO-go DEM:PL IPFV-say-PL
Translation: For the seating of the ladies, they say DOWNSTREAM, for that of the elder ladies they say UPSTREAM, for that of the men, whether it is here or here, they say EASTWARDS, they say `go over there EASTWARDS'. (31-khAjmu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-tɕɯ nɯ pɯ-nɯ-xtɕi-nɯ pɯ-nɯ-wxti-nɯ tɕe kʰɤɕkʰɤr tɕu ku-ɕe-nɯ .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-son DEM PST.IPFV-AUTO-be.small-PL PST.IPFV-AUTO-be.big-PL LNK men.seating.place LOC IPFV:EAST-go-PL
Translation: Men, whether they are young or older, go to the men's EASTWARD seating place.' (31-khAjmu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: saŋdi nɯtɕu si ɲɯ-ta-nɯ
Glosses: seating.place DEM:LOC wood IPFV:WEST-put-PL
Translation: They put the firewood on the WESTWARD seating place (that is opposite the men's EASTWARD seating place).' (31-khAjmu) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004079#S36"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-sqar nɯ tʰɯ-ari tɕe tɕe , nɤki , kɯki tú-wɣ-stu tɕe cʰɯ́-wɣ-ɣnda .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-intersection.of.warp.threads DEM AOR:DOWNSTREAM-go[II] LNK LNK FILLER DEM.PROX IPFV-INV-do.like LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-tamp
Translation: As the intersection of the [upper and lower] warp threads goes down, one does this to tamp it down.' (vid-20140429090403) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003776#S57"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-taʁ cʰo ɯ-pa ɣɯ ɯ-ʁjar ni pjɯ-ɤqɤtʂʰa-ndʑi , nɯtɕu tɯ-jlɤβ ɲɯ́-wɣ-rʁe tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-top COMIT 3SG.POSS-bottom GEN 3SG.POSS-warp DU IPFV-be.crossed-DU DEM.LOC INDEF.POSS-weft IPFV:WEST-INV-insert LNK
Translation: The upper and lower warp threads are crossed, and at [the crossing place] one inserts the weft.' (additional explanation provided while transcribing the video from which fig:loom1 is taken).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕnat kɯ tɤ-ri ra tɕe nɯ kɯ tú-wɣ-sɯ-joʁ tɕe ,
Glosses: heddle ERG INDEF.POSS-thread PL LNK DEM ERG IPFV:UP-INV-CAUS-raise LNK
Translation: One lifts the [warp] threads with the heddles.' (2011-06-thaXtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsɯ tɕe ku-cɯ ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: winter LOC IPFV-hibernate SENS-be
Translation: In winter, [the bear] hibernates.' (21-pri) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003580#S49"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe qartsɯ tɕe nɯnɯ si kʰoŋrɤl tɤ-kɯ-ɤri nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯmaʁ tu-cɯ , nɯmaʁnɤ , praʁpa ɯ-ŋgɯ lu-ɕe tɕe lu-cɯ .
Glosses: LNK winter LOC DEM wood hollow.tree AOR:UP-SBJ:PCP-go[II] DEM 3SG.POSS-in otherwise IPFV:UP-hibernate otherwise cave 3SG.POSS-in IPFV:UPSTREAM-go LNK IPFV:UPSTREAM-hibernate
Translation: In winter, it either hibernates in a hollow tree, or goes into a cave and hibernates (there).' (21-pri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: si ɯ-ngɯ tɤ-kɯ-so , ɯ-ŋgɯ tɤ-kɯ-rom , nɯnɯ pjɯ-saχsi tɕe , nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ ɕ-tu-cɯ ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: wood 3SG.POSS-in IPFV:UP-SBJ:PCP-be.hollow 3SG.POSS-in IPFV:UP-SBJ:PCP-be.dried DEM IPFV-do.completely LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-in TRAL-IPFV:UP-hibernate SENS-be
Translation: Trees whose inside is hollow, whose inside is dried out, [the bear] hollows it completely, goes up [the hole] and hibernates there.' (21-pri) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003580#S53"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤmɲɯ tɕe tɕe mɯŋi kɤ-ɕe tɤ-ra tɕe , “mɯŋi ɲɯ-ɕe-a" tu-kɯ-ti ŋu . tɕe mɯŋi tɕe kɤmɲɯ nɯ tɕe tɕe , nɤki , “kɤmɲɯ kɤ-ɣe-a , kɤmɲɯ ku-ɕe-a ŋu" nɯra tu-ti-nɯ .
Glosses: TOPO LOC LNK TOPO INF-go AOR-be.needed LNK TOPO IPFV:WEST-go-1SG IPFV-GENR:S/O-say be:FACT LNK TOPO LOC TOPO DEM LNK LNK FILLER TOPO AOR:EAST-come[II]-1SG pl.n IPFV:EAST-go-1SG be:FACT DEM:PL IPFV-say-PL
Translation: When one has to go from Kamnyu to Mengi, one says `I am going (westwards) to Mengi, and from Mengi to Kamnyu, people say `I came (eastwards) to Kamnyu, I am going (eastwards) to Kamnyu.' (150904 akW andi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯŋi ɲɯ-sɤx-ɕe tʂu nɯnɯre ri ,
Glosses: TOPO IPFV:WEST-OBL:PCP-go path DEM:LOC LOC
Translation: On the road (from Kamnyu) towards Mengi…' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S2"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akɯ pɕoʁ nɯ mɯŋi ŋu , andi pɕoʁ praʁwɯ ŋu .
Glosses: east side DEM TOPO be:FACT west side TOPO be:FACT
Translation: Mengi is in the east, and Praqwu (a small locality in Kamnyu) is in the west.' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S21"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kɤmɲɯ tɕe tɕe <erchacun> ɲɯ-kɯ ... ku-kɯ-ɕe tɕe tɕe , nɯnɯ “ku-ɕe-a" tu-kɯ-ti ŋu . <erchacun> tɕe kɤmɲɯ a-nɯ-ɣi-nɯ tɕe nɯ `kɤmɲɯ nɯ-ari-a , kɤmɲɯ nɯ-ɣe-a" nɯra tu-ti-nɯ ŋu .
Glosses: LNK TOPO LOC LNK TOPO _ IPFV:EAST-GENR:S/O-go LNK LNK DEM IPFV:EAST-go-1SG IPFV-GENR:S/O-say be:FACT TOPO LOC TOPO IRR-PFV:WEST-come-PL LNK DEM TOPO AOR:WEST-go[II]-1SG TOPO AOR:WEST-come[II]-1SG DEM:PL IPFV-say-PL be:FACT
Translation: When one goes from Kamnyu to Erchacun, one says `I go (eastwards)', and when people come to Kamnyu from Erchacun, they says `I went, I came (westwards).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯrtsɤɣ nɯ kɯ , nɤki , tɯrme ra ɣɯ nɯ-fsapaʁ nɯ cʰɯ-ndze , … qaʑo tsʰɤt nɯ cʰɯ-ndze pjɤ-ŋu ,
Glosses: leopard DEM ERG FILLER people PL GEN 3PL.POSS-animal DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-eat[III] _ sheep goat DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-eat[III] IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: The snow leopard was eating farm animals, eating …., sheep and goats.' (qala kWCqraR 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri qandʐe kɯ tʰɤlwa ʁɟa cʰɯ-ndze ɲɯ-ɕti .
Glosses: LNK earthworm ERG earth completely IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-eat[III] SENS-be.AFF
Translation: The earthworm only eats earth.' (25-akWzgumba)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-rkɯ kɯ-fse ku-ʑe tɕe , mɯ-kɤ-arɕo mɤɕtʂa ku-ndze ɣɤʑu ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-side SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV:EAST-being[III] LNK NEG-AOR:EAST-be.finished until IPFV:EAST-eat[III] exist:SENS
Translation: Sometimes [the eclipse] starts on one side, and `eats' [the moon] until it [disappears] completely.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯŋa qʰe qaʑo tsʰɤt nɯra pjɤ-dɤn-nɯ tɕe , nɯtɕu ɲɯ-nɯrɯ-nɯ tɕe sɯjno tu-ndza-nɯ pjɤ-ŋu ,
Glosses: cow LNK sheep goat DEM:PL IFR.IPFV-be.many-PL LNK DEM:LOC IPFV:WEST-eat.grass-PL LNK grass IPFV:UP-eat-PL IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: There were many cows, sheep and goats, and they were eating grass there.' (150819 woniu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ci ko-nɯkʰɯɣ ʑo ko-tsʰi .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water IFR:EAST-gulp EMPH IFR:EAST-drink
Translation: He gulped the water.' (140429 jiedi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ci kɯnɤ cʰɯ-ɕe mɯ-ɲɤ-kʰɯ . tɯ-ci cʰɯ-tsʰi mɯ-ɲɤ-kʰɯ
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water also IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-go NEG-IFR-be.possible INDEF.POSS-water IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-drink NEG-IFR-be.possible
Translation: Even water could not go [down his throat], he could not drink anymore.' (of a person suffering from throat cancer) (27-tWfCAl) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003710#S87"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-wa nɯ kɯ cʰa ntsɯ cʰɯ-tsʰi qʰe , ɯ-me mɯ́j-nɯβdaʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-father DEM ERG alcohol always IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-drink LNK 3SG.POSS-daughter NEG:SENS-take.care
Translation: Her father was drinking alcohol all the time, and did not take care of his daughter.' (17-lhazgron)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-sŋɯro lu-χɤβ ʑo tɕe nɯ βɣɤza nɯ ɯ-kɯr ɯ-ŋgɯ lu-nɯ-ɕe ɕti
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-breath IPFV:UPSTREAM-suck EMPH DEM LNK fly DEM 3SG.POSS-mouth 3SG.POSS-in IPFV:UPSTREAM-AUTO-go be.AFF:FACT
Translation: [The frog]_i breathes in and the fly goes into its_i mouth by itself.' (27-qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki ɯ-ʁɤri sɯstaʁ ʑo ɯ-ɕɣa a-nɯ-xtɕi ra
Glosses: DEM.PROX 3SG.POSS-before COMP EMPH 3SG.POSS-age IRR-PFV:WEST-small be.needed:FACT
Translation: May she become younger than before!' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤʑɯ ʑo ɯ-kʰa ra to-wxti tɕe ,
Glosses: even.more EMPH 3SG.POSS-house PL IFR:UP-be.big LNK
Translation: His house had become even bigger.' (140430 yufu he tade qizi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri ɯ-tɕɯ nɯ ʑɯrɯʑɤri cʰɤ-wxti
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-son DEM progressively IFR:DOWNSTREAM-be.big
Translation: His son progressively grew up.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe <yimi> jamar ma tu-rɲɟi mɤ-cʰa ma
Glosses: LNK one.meter about apart.from IPFV:UP-be.long NEG-can:FACT LNK
Translation: It cannot grow longer than about one meter.' (11-qarGW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrgi ɣɯ ɯ-mat lu-rɲɟi tsa ŋu tɕe , nɤki jima popo tsa fse .
Glosses: fir GEN 3SG.POSS-fruit IPFV:UPSTREAM-be.long a.little be:FACT LNK FILLER maize cob a.little be.like:FACT
Translation: The fir cone is elongated, a bit like the corncob (07-tAtho)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤr nɯ cʰɯ-rɲɟi , sŋi nɯ cʰɯ-xtɯt ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: night DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-be.long day DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-be.short SENS-be
Translation: The nights are becoming longer, and the days shorter.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɯ-kɯ-xtɕi tɕe , nɯnɯ ʑŋgri nɯ nɯ-mɤrʑaβ ɯ-raŋ tɕe , tɯ-kɤrme cʰɯ́-wɣ-rɤɕi tɕe , cʰɯ-rɲɟi ŋu to-ti-nɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: PST.IPFV-GENR:S/O-be.small LNK DEM star DEM AOR-marry 3SG.POSS-time LNK GENR.POSS-hair IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-pull LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-be.long be:FACT IFR-say-PL LNK
Translation: When we were young, people said that when there is a shooting star, if you pull your hair, it will grow longer.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤɣ nɯ li kɯ-mbɯ~mbro tu-βze cʰa
Glosses: juniper DEM again SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.high IPFV:UP-make[III] can:FACT
Translation: The juniper grows very high.' (08-CAG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003442#S1"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrgi laŋlaŋ nɯnɯ , la-βzu ɕimɯma nɯ ɲɯ-ɤrŋi ,
Glosses: fir cone DEM AOR:UPSTREAM:3→3-make immediately DEM SENS-be.green
Translation: The fir cone is green when it has just come out.' (08-tWrgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003464#S67"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-ru ra kɯ-xtsʰɯ~xtsʰɯm ŋu ri , kɯ-zɯ~zri ʑo cʰɯ-βze qʰe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-stalk PL SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.thin be:FACT LNK SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.long EMPH IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-make[III] LNK
Translation: Although its stalk is very thin, it grows very long.' (19-qachGa mWntoR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɯŋgɯpɤjka nɯ ɯ-mat nɯnɯ pɤjka kɯ-fse cʰɯ-βze ,
Glosses: wild.squash DEM 3SG.POSS-fruit DEM squash SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-make[III]
Translation: Wild squash grows fruits like those of the [cultivated] squash.' (16-CWrNgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-pɤtso cʰo-ndzɤt
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child IFR:DOWNSTREAM-grow
Translation: The child grew up.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰam tɕe mɤʑɯ tɤ-dɤn-nɯ
Glosses: now LNK even.more AOR:UP-be.many-PL
Translation: Now they are even more numerous than before.' (140522 tshupa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004053#S84"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑi-tɕɯ ci to-tu
Glosses: 3du.POSS-son INDEF IFR:UP-exist
Translation: They had one son.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-tɕɯ to-sci ɕi , ɯ-me to-sci ?
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-son IFR-be.born QU 3SG.POSS-girl IFR-be.born
Translation: Did she have a boy or a girl?' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯʑora nɯ-ɕki ɣɯ-to-mkʰroŋ ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: 2PL 2PL.POSS-DAT CISL-IFR:UP-be.born SENS-be
Translation: He had come to be born in their [family].' (150825 nezha naohai-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006272#S35"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsʰɤt nɯ tʰɯ-rɤpɯ tɕe , ʁnɯz ntsɯ cʰɯ-lɤt ŋgrɤl
Glosses: goat DEM AOR:DOWNSTREAM-have.young LNK two always IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-release be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: When goats have young, they give birth to two [kids] at a time.' (05-qaZo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ji ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯra cʰɯ-rɤŋgɯm ŋgrɤl
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-in DEM:PL IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-lay.eggs be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: It lays eggs in the fields.' (24-kWmu) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003618#S80"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɯr ɯ-ŋgɯ tɯ-ci pɯ-aʁe-a tɕe , a-sroʁ to-tu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-mouth 3SG.POSS-in INDEF.POSS-water AOR:DOWN-be.needed.eat-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-life IFR:UP-exist
Translation: I have water in my mouth to drink, my life is back.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-rte ra ɲɤ-nɯ-βde tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-hat PL IFR:WEST-AUTO-lose LNK
Translation: [The boy] lost his hat' (Pear story 2010, Tshendzin, 12)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mtsʰu nɯ cʰɯmcʰɯm ʑo , tɕe , tɯ-skɤm pjɤ-sɤʑa tɕe mtsʰu nɯ ɲɤ-me tɕe
Glosses: lake DEM IDPH(II):slowly EMPH LNK INF:II-dry.up IFR:DOWN-start LNK lake DEM IFR:WEST-not.exist LNK
Translation: The level of the lake started to go down slowly and the lake disappeared.' (nyima2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zgoku nɯtɕu si nɯ ʑɯrɯʑɤri ɲɯ~ɲɤ-rkɯn ʑo
Glosses: mountain DEM:LOC tree DEM progressively INCR~IFR:WEST-be.few EMPH
Translation: There were fewer and fewer trees on the mountain.' (04-xiaocunzhuang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003394#S24"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤŋe nɯ ɲɯ-ɕqʰlɤt ku-nɤjɤm ra kʰi ma tɤŋe nɯ wuma ʑo nɯɣ-me kʰi .
Glosses: sun DEM IPFV:WEST-disappear IPFV-wait[III] be.needed:FACT hearsay LNK sun DEM really EMPH APPL-be.afraid[III]:FACT hearsay
Translation: [The yeti] waits for the sun to disappear [before eating the man he has caught], because he fears the sun, it is said.' (140510 mYWrgAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma si tɤ-me tɕe li nɯ ɲɯ-pʰɯt-nɯ
Glosses: DEM apart.from wood AOR:UP-not.exist LNK again DEM IPFV-take.out-PL
Translation: When there is no other wood than this, people cut it.' (07-Zmbri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo ɯ-χti ɲɤ-me tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG 3SG.POSS-companion IFR:WEST-not.exist LNK
Translation: Her husband passed away.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S111"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: βdaʁmu nɯ to-ngo tɕe ɲɤ-si .
Glosses: lady DEM IFR-be.ill LNK IFR:WEST-die
Translation: The lady became ill and died.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jima ɯ-rɣi nɯ-plɯt-i
Glosses: maize 3SG.POSS-grain AOR:WEST-destroy-1PL
Translation: We have used up all the maize grains.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕetu ʑara nɯ-ɴɢarmɯ nɯ pjɤ-si kʰi tɕe ,
Glosses: up.there 3PL 3PL.POSS-hybrid.cow DEM IFR:DOWN-die hearsay LNK
Translation: Those up there, their cow died, it is said.' (Tagrdo conversation, 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atu pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ ɕ-pɯ-sat-nɯ ra
Glosses: up.there bird DEM TRAL-IMP:DOWN-kill-PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: Go and kill the bird up there.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ-nɯŋa pjɤ-nɯ-ntɕʰa-nɯ
Glosses: LNK 3PL.POSS-cow IFR:DOWN-AUTO-butcher-PL
Translation: They killed their cow (for themselves to eat).' (02-deluge2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003376#S16"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: fsapaʁ ɯ-ŋgru pɯ-nɯ-ŋu , rɯdaʁ ɯ-ŋgru pɯ-nɯ-ŋu , nɯnɯ na-ntɕʰa-nɯ tɕe tu-tɕɤt-nɯ tɕe tɕe tu-sɯɣ-rom-nɯ .
Glosses: farm.animals 3SG.POSS-sinew PST.IPFV-AUTO-be 3SG.POSS-sinew wild.animals PST.IPFV-AUTO-be DEM AOR:WEST:3→3-butcher-PL LNK IPFV:UP-take.out-PL LNK LNK IPFV-CAUS-be.dry-PL
Translation: Whether it is sinew_i from a farm or a wild animal,_j after they butcher them,_j they take it_i out and dry it_i.' (150906 tWNgru) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006304#S5"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ pa-sat-nɯ tɕe tɕe ju-nɯ-ɣɯt-nɯ tɕe ɲɯ-ntɕʰa-nɯ
Glosses: DEM AOR:DOWN:3→3-kill-PL LNK LNK IPFV-VERT-bring-PL LNK IPFV:WEST-butcher-PL
Translation: After [the hunters] have killed [the animals]_i, they bring them_i home and butcher them_i.' (150829 KAGWcAno) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006420#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰi nɯ sŋi tɕe cʰɯ-nɯrɤɣo nɤ cʰɯ-nɯrɤɣo ŋu tɕe
Glosses: cicada DEM day LOC IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-sing ADD IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-sing be:FACT LNK
Translation: The cicada [was] singing all day long. (26-NalitCaRmbWm)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ rɤɣo cʰɯ-tɯ-ʑa qʰe , tɤrcɯrca ʑo cʰɯ-ti-nɯ to-cʰa-nɯ .
Glosses: DEM song IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CONV:IMM-start LNK together EMPH IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-say IFR-can-PL
Translation: They became able to sing along as soon as it started its song.' (140519 yeying-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɟuli nɯ cʰɤ-lɤt .
Glosses: flute DEM IFR:DOWNSTREAM-release
Translation: He played the flute' (140513 mutong de disheng-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003977#S77"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯra kɯ rkɤdɯt cʰɯ-ʑ-mbri-nɯ pjɤ-mtsʰɤm .
Glosses: DEM:PL ERG horn IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-make.noise-PL IFR-hear
Translation: She heard [the hunters] blowing the horn.' (140520 ye tiane-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004044#S234"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-lɤcu cʰɯ́-wɣ-ɣɤmɯt tɕe tɯ-rtsʰɤz nɯ ɲɯ-fka ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-upstream IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-blow LNK INDEF.POSS-lung DEM SENS-be.full be:FACT
Translation: One blows [into the pig's trachea] and its lungs fill up.' (20-kAPjAt) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003556#S12"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯ-mɯnmu nɤ ɲɯ-mɯnmu tɕe tɕe , nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ ɴɢoɕna kɯ-rɤʑi nɯ kɯ pjɯ-mtsʰɤm tɕe
Glosses: IPFV-move ADD IPFV-move LNK LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-in spider SBJ:PCP-stay DEM ERG IPFV:DOWN-feel LNK
Translation: [The fly that has been caught in the spider's web] moves and moves, and the spider inside feels it.' (26-mYaRmtsaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmɯkɯmpɕi kɯ pɯ́-wɣ-mbi-a ŋu
Glosses: heaven ERG AOR:DOWN-INV-give be:FACT
Translation: The heavens gave it to me.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: laʁjɯɣ nɯ ɯ-taʁ nɯ ɯ-pʰe to-kʰo tɕe ,
Glosses: staff DEM 3SG.POSS-on DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT IFR:UP-give LNK
Translation: He gave the staff to the [thief] who was on [the tiger].' (khu2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: taʁ kɯ , <piaozi> pɯ́-wɣ-mbi-j .
Glosses: up ERG money AOR:DOWN-INV-give-1PL
Translation: The ones above (i.e. the government) gave us money.' (2010-09)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯtɕu zɯ laftaʁ cʰɤ-tɯ-kʰo-nɯ tɕe , nɯnɯ nɯ-jɯm nɯ ɕɯ-ɕar-i ra
Glosses: DEM:LOC LOC token IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-2-give-PL LNK DEM 3PL.POSS-wife.of.lama DEM TRAL-look.for:FACT-1PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: [Since] you have given her a token, we will go and look for (this woman, who is to be) your wife.' (sras 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ma nɯnɯ kumpɣa nɯnɯ , nɤkinɯ , pɯ-nɯʑɯβ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ku-sɤwi ɲɯ-ŋu . tɕeri ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rqʰu nɯnɯ , nɤkinɯ , pjɯ-ɣi tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁrdu nɯ pjɯ-fkaβ kɯ-fse ɲɯ-ŋu ma
Glosses: LNK LNK DEM hen DEM FILLER AOR-sleep LNK 3SG.POSS-eye IPFV-close SENS-be LNK 3SG.POSS-eye 3SG.POSS-husk DEM FILLER IPFV:DOWN-come LNK 3SG.POSS-eyeball DEM IPFV:DOWN-cover SBJ:PCP-be.like SENS-be LNK
Translation: When the hen falls asleep, it closes its eyes. Its nictitating membrane (literally: `eye husk') comes down and covers its eyeball.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S46"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: maka kʰa ntsɯ ku-kɯ-rɤʑi ku-kɯ-lkɯɣ mɯ́j-sɤ-scit .
Glosses: at.all house always IPFV-GENR:S/O-stay IPFV-GENR:S/O-be.stiff NEG:SENS-PROP-be.happy
Translation: Staying at home all the time, one feels stiff, it is not nice.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pjɯ-kɯ-fkaβ ʑo kɯ-fse
Glosses: IPFV:DOWN-GENR:S/O-cover EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.like
Translation: One feels like one is covered (oppressed).' (conversation, 14-05-01)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: staχpɯ tɤ-rɲɟi tɕe stoʁ nɯ cʰɯ-fkaβ
Glosses: pea AOR:UP-be.long LNK broad.bean DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-cover
Translation: When the pea has grown, it covers the broad bean.' (25-sthoRthAB)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ra cʰɤ-fkaβ-ndʑi
Glosses: house PL IFR-cover-DU
Translation: They built a house.' (02-deluge2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003376#S121"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cizcʰiz ri ɲɯ-ta-nɯ tɕe tɕe , nɤki , pjɯ-fkaβ-nɯ . pjɯ-fkaβ-nɯ tɕe tɕe , ɯ-taʁ tɕe tɯ-ŋga ku-ta-nɯ , soʁma ra ku-ta-nɯ tɕe
Glosses: somewhere LOC IPFV:WEST-put-PL LNK LNK FILLER IPFV:DOWN-cover-PL IPFV:DOWN-cover-PL LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-on LOC INDEF.POSS-clothes IPFV:EAST-put-PL hay PL IPFV:EAST-put-PL LNK
Translation: They put [the pot] somewhere and cover it. They cover it, put clothes or hay on it.' (160703 araR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕkɤbɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu kú-wɣ-mpʰɯr ŋu .
Glosses: onion.bun 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC IPFV:EAST-INV-wrap be:FACT
Translation: People wrap it inside onion buns.' (160706 thotsi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯrmɯmbju ɣɯ ɯ-tɯɣmaz ra to-mpʰɯr .
Glosses: swallow GEN 3SG.POSS-wound PL IPFV:UP-wrap
Translation: She bound up the wound of the swallow.' (150825 huluwa-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe βzɯr ri tɕe cʰɯ́-wɣ-mpʰɯr cʰɯ́-wɣ-ʑa tɕe mɤpɕoʁ cʰu βzɯr nɯ ɯ-ɕki mɤɕtʂa cʰɯ́-wɣ-mpʰɯr .
Glosses: LNK angle LOC LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-wrap IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-start LNK opposite.side APPROX.LOC angle DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT until IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-wrap
Translation: One starts wrapping [the square piece of cloth] at one of the angles until the opposite angle [on the diagonal].' (30-mboR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯ-ci ɣɯ-pjɯ-nɯ-tsʰi-nɯ
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-water CISL-IPFV-AUTO-drink-PL
Translation: [The wild yaks] come and drink water.' (20-RmbroN) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003560#S43"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯ-ci ɕ-pjɤ-nɯ-tsʰi .
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-water TRAL-IFR-AUTO-drink
Translation: She went [there] and drank water.' (140428 mu e guniang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003880#S66"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tɕetu zgo kɯ-mbɯ~mbro mɤɕtʂa to-ɕe , to-nɯrʁɯrʁa .
Glosses: LNK up.there mountain SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.high until IFR:UP-go IFR:UP-climb
Translation: He went up there, climbing the very high mountain.' (150825 huluwa-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006346#S151"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: praʁpa ɯ-ŋgɯ lu-ɕe tɕe lu-cɯ .
Glosses: cave 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV:UPSTREAM-go LNK IPFV:UPSTREAM-hibernate
Translation: (Otherwise), [the bear] goes into a cave and hibernates [there].' (21-pri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕ-tɤ-ru-t-a
Glosses: TRANSL-AOR:UP-bring-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I fetched it.' (Japhug)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rə-ɕɐ-rô-ŋ
Glosses: AOR:UP-TRANSL-bring[II]-1SG
Translation: I fetched it.' (Situ)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qajɯ ra tu-ndze ma tɤ-rɤku ɣɯ-tu-ndze mɤ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: bugs PL IPFV-eat[III] LNK INDEF.POSS-crops CISL-IPFV-eat[III] NEG-be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: It eats bugs, and it does not come and eat the crops.' (24-ZmbrWpGa) (Japhug)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯʑo nɯ ɲɤ-nɯ-pʰɣo matɕi tɕe , nɯmaʁnɤ ɣɯ́-ndza pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK 3SG DEM IFR-AUTO-flee LNK LNK otherwise INV-eat:FACT IFR-be
Translation: [The rabbit], he had fled, otherwise he would have been eaten.' (140427 qala cho kWrtsAG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003852#S71"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-rɤku kɯ-fse ɣɯ-ndze mɤ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-crop SBJ:PCP-be.like CISL-eat[III]:FACT NEG-be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: It does not come and eat crops.' (23-pGAYaR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003606#S21"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰu a-jɤ-ɤzɣɯt ndɤ ɣɯ́-wɣ-ndza ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: tiger IRR-PFV-arrive LNK CISL-INV-eat:FACT SENS-be
Translation: If the tiger comes, it will eat him [the man].' (kandZislama 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre ɯ-pɯ ra nɯ-ndza ʑ-na-ɕar
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-young PL 3PL.POSS-food TRAL-AOR:3→3-search
Translation: The [cat mother] went to look for food for her [kitten].' (21-lWLU)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ʑakastaka kɯ-tu nɯnɯ ɣɯ nɯ-<gongfen> ra ʑ-ɲɯ-lat-a ɕ-tu-kʰat-a pɯ-ra .
Glosses: DEM each SBJ:PCP-exist DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-work.point PL TRAL-IPFV-throw-1SG TRAL-IPFV-do.everywhere-1SG PST.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: I had to go everywhere to count work points for every single person.' (2010-09)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre nɯtɕu ɕɯ-kɤ-rɤŋgɯm ndɤre kumpɣɤtɕɯ mɯ́j-nɤz
Glosses: LNK DEM:LOC TRAL-INF-lay.eggs LNK sparrow NEG:SENS-dare
Translation: The sparrow does not dare to lay eggs there (on the ground).' (22-kumpGatCW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003590#S80"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma-ɕɯ-tɯ-nɤtɯti
Glosses: NEG-TRAL-2-tell.everywhere
Translation: Do not go around talking about it.' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ndʑi-ŋga ɕɯ-te pjɤ-ra
Glosses: LNK 3DU.POSS-clothes TRAL-put[III]:FACT PST.IFR-be.needed
Translation: She had to make their beds (cover them with a quilt)'. (2003 kWBRa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aki ɕ-pɯ-sɤŋo
Glosses: down TRAL-IMP-listen
Translation: Go down there and listen' (many attestations).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pʰaʁrgot ci tu tɕe , nɯ ɕ-pɯ-sat ra
Glosses: boar INDEF exist:FACT LNK DEM TRAL-IMP-kill be.needed:FACT
Translation: There is a boar, go and kill it.' (140428 yonggan de xiaocaifeng-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003886#S214"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕetʰa nɯ ɬɤndʐi tɤ-mu nɯnɯ ɣi tɕe nɤʑo ɣɯ-tɯ́-wɣ-nɯsnɯɲaʁ ɕti
Glosses: later DEM ghost INDEF.POSS-mother DEM come:FACT LNK 2SG CISL-2-INV-do.harm be.AFF:FACT
Translation: The ghost woman will come and cause you harm.' (150907 niexiaoqian-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo kɯre rɤʑi-a , tɕe ɣɯ-pjɯ-kɯ-mɟa-a wo
Glosses: 1SG here stay:FACT-1SG LNK CISL-IPFV-2→1-take-1SG SFP
Translation: I am here, come and take me!' (150825 huluwa-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kupa-cʰu nɯra atʰi pɕoʁ nɯra , ɯ-pɕi nɯra kɯ kɯre ri ɣɯ-cʰɯ-sɯ-χtɯ-nɯ ŋu .
Glosses: LNK Chinese-LOC DEM:PL downstream direction DEM:PL 3SG-outside DEM:PL ERG here LOC CISL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-buy-PL be:FACT
Translation: People from the Chinese areas downstream, outsiders, send people here to buy [matsutake].' (20 grWBgrWB 58) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003554#S57"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-scun pjɤ-tu tɕe , … kutɕu ɣɯ-pjɤ́-wɣ-lɤt pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-fault PST:IPFV-exist LNK _ here CISL-IFR:DOWN-INV-release PST:IPFV-exist
Translation: He had broken the law, … and had been sent (down) here [to earth, as punishment].' (180501 xiyouji 08-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <jiazhang> ra ju-ɣi-nɯ tɕe <laoshi> ɯ-ɕki , tɯ-ɕki ʑo ɣɯ-ju-ɣi-nɯ ɕti netɕi ?
Glosses: parents PL IPFV-come-PL LNK teacher 3SG.POSS-DAT GENR.POSS-DAT EMPH CISL-IPFV-come-PL be.AFF:FACT SFP
Translation: The parents come, they come to (us) the teachers, right?.' (conversation140501 01)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: li nɤki iɕqʰa nɯ tɤjlu kɤ-rku ɯ-ŋgɯ zɯ ɕ-pjɤ-ɕe
Glosses: again DEM the.aforementioned DEM flour OBJ:PCP-put.in 3SG.POSS-inside LOC TRAL-IFR:DOWN-go
Translation: He went into [a bag of] flour.' (140519 chou xiaoya-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre nɯnɯ ɕ-to-nɯ-ŋke-nɯ tɕe , lu χsɯ-xpa ɕ-pjɤ-ŋke-nɯ ,
Glosses: LNK DEM TRAL-IFR-APPL-walk-PL LNK year three-year TRAL-IFR-walk-PL
Translation: The ministers went to look for [the girl], they walked for three years.' (sras 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯ-nŋo nɯ qʰe ci ci ɕ-tu-mɯrki kɯ-fse ma nɯ ma mɯ-ɲɯ-ɤʁe .
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.defeated DEM LNK one one TRAL-IPFV-steal[III] SBJ:PCP-be.like apart.from DEM apart.from NEG-SENS-be.needed.eat
Translation: The [lion] which is defeated steals a little [meat], but apart from that has nothing to eat.' (20-sWNgi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki a-tɕɯ ki tɕetu zgoku tɕe ɕ-pjɯ-ski-a ɲɯ-ntsʰi
Glosses: DEM.PROX 1SG.POSS-son DEM.PROX up.there mountain LOC TRAL-IPFV:DOWN-bury[III]-1SG SENS-be.better
Translation: Let's bury my son up there on the mountain.' (150904 cuzhi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟa ɣɯ ɯ-laχtɕʰa tu-ɣɯt-a tɕe pot zɯ ɕ-tu-ntsɣe-a , pot ɣɯ ɯ-laχtɕʰa pjɯ-ɣɯt-a tɕe , rɟa zɯ ɕ-pjɯ-ntsɣe-a .
Glosses: China GEN 3SG.POSS-thing IPFV:UP-bring-1SG LNK Tibet LOC TRAL-IPFV:UP-sell-1SG Tibet GEN 3SG.POSS-thing IPFV:DOWN-bring-1SG LNK China LOC TRAL-IPFV:DOWN-sell-1SG
Translation: I bring things [down] from central Tibet, and sell them in China.' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕetʰi tɤmuj jlɤrɯcɤrna ɣɯ ɯ-pʰe nɯtɕu kɯ-mɯrkɯ cʰɯ-ɕe-a ŋu tɕe . tsʰɤt ɯ-ʁrɯ ɣɯ ɯ-ci nɯnɯ ʑ-lu-mɯrki-a ri a-qʰu zɯ lɤ-ɣe-nɯ tɕe
Glosses: downstream TOPO TOPO GEN 3SG.POSS-DAT DEM:LOC SBJ:PCP-steal IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-go-1SG be:FACT LNK goat 3SG.POSS-horn GEN 3SG.POSS-water DEM TRAL-IPFV:UPSTREAM-streal[III]-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-after LOC AOR:UPSTREAM-come[II]-PL LNK
Translation: (Tomorrow morning) I will go downstream to steal from Tamuj Jlarukyarna, and I will steal the water from the goat's horn, but when [the mountain god] comes after me…' (25-kAmYW-XpAltCin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: lo-mɯrkɯ pjɤ-cʰa tɕe lo-ɣɯt ri
Glosses: IFR:UPSTREAM-steal IFR-can LNK IFR:UPSTREAM-bring LNK
Translation: He was able to steal it and brought it upstream.' (02-montagnes-kamnyu-cz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕi-kɯm lu-pe-a je !
Glosses: 1DU.POSS-door IPFV:UPSTREAM-close[III]-1SG SFP
Translation: Let me close the door (for us).' (conversation, 03-05-2018, Tshendzin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe mbroχpa ri jla nɯ s-cʰɯ-χtɯ-nɯ ʁɟa pɯ-ra .
Glosses: LNK nomad LOC hybrid.yak DEM TRAL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-buy-PL completely PST.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: People had to buy hybrid yaks from the nomads.' (150820 kAnWCkat)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pɕi nɯra kɯ kɯre ri ɣɯ-cʰɯ-sɯ-χtɯ-nɯ ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG-outside DEM:PL ERG here LOC CISL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-buy-PL be:FACT
Translation: Outsiders send people to come here and buy [matsutake].' (20 grWBgrWB)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atʰi ɯ-pɕi ri <chengdu> ri <diannao> ci ɕ-pa-βzjoz
Glosses: downstream 3SG.POSS-outside LOC Chengdu LOC computer INDEF TRAL-AOR:3→3-learn
Translation: He went outside of [Tibetan areas, downstream], to Chengdu, and studied computers there a little bit.' (12-BzaNsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pʰɤri praʁ ɯ-ŋgɯ mɤɕtʂa ku-tsɯm qʰe , tɕe nɯtɕu ɕ-tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: the.opposite.side cliff 3SG.POSS-in until IPFV:EAST-take.away LNK LNK DEM:LOC TRAL-IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: [The eagle] takes [the young animal] to the cliff on the other side [of the river] and eats it there.' (19-qandZGi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-zrɤm ju-ɕe qʰe nɯre ri , kɯmaʁ ɯ-pɕoʁ ɕ-tu-ɬoʁ ɲɯ-ɕti ma
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-root IPFV-go LNK DEM:LOC LOC other 3SG.POSS-place TRAL-IPFV-come.out SENS-be.AFF LNK
Translation: Its root spreads and it grows there, at a different place.' (15-babW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-nɯ-χɕaʁ , a-nɯ-si tɕe tɕe , kɯmaʁ pɕoʁ ri li ɕ-tu-sci ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: IRR-PFV-pass.away IRR-PFV-die LNK LNK other place LOC again TRAL-IPFV-be.born SENS-be
Translation: When [the reincarnated lama] passes away, he is born in another place.' (160722 skWBli)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe saɕɯ nɯ tɯrgi ɯ-locu zɯ ɕ-to-ɬoʁ tɕe , tɕe nɯnɯ tɤ-ftsa nɯ tɤ-rpɯ sɤz lu-kɯ-maŋlo mɯ-pjɤ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: LNK larch DEM fir 3SG.POSS-upstream LOC TRAL-IFR-come.out LNK LNK DEM INDEF.POSS-nephew DEM INDEF.POSS-MB COMP IPFV:UPSTREAM-GENR:S/O-be.upstream NEG-IFR.IPFV-be.usually.the.case
Translation: The larch grew in a place higher than the fir, but nephews could not be seated higher (i.e. upstream) than their maternal uncles (and this is why the larch became deciduous).' (08-saCW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003462#S11"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <guanzi> ɯ-ŋgɯ ri ɕ-tɤ-rɯndzɤtsʰi-j .
Glosses: restaurant 3SG.POSS-in LOC TRAL-AOR-east-1PL
Translation: We went to a restaurant and ate there.' (2010-1)