lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʂu nɤ tʂu pjɤɕe qʰe ,
Glosses: path ADD path IFR:DOWN-go LNK
Translation: He went all the way down.' (140511 alading-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003953#S102"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qandʑɣi sɤznɤ ɲɯwxti , qaliaʁ sɤznɤ ɲɯxtɕi
Glosses: falcon COMP SENS-be.big eagle COMP SENS-be.small
Translation: It is bigger than a falcon, and smaller than an eagle.' (2011-08-kuwu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo nɯ aʑo sɤz tɯxpa wxti
Glosses: 3SG DEM 1SG COMP one-year be.big:FACT
Translation: She is one year older than me.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S85"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯjwaʁ nɯ , … tɯxpa sɤz tɯxpa ludɤn ŋu ma
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-leaf DEM _ one-year COMP one-year IPFV-be.many be:FACT LNK
Translation: There are more needles (`leaves') each year.' (08-saCW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003462#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤmu kɤfsraŋ mɤtɯcʰa tɕe , nɯ sɤznɤ , arca jɤɣi tɕe , arca , nɤki , laχɕi pɯβzjoz
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-mother INF-protect NEG-2-can:FACT LNK DEM COMP 1SG.POSS-following IMP-come LNK 1SG.POSS-following FILLER trade IMP-learn
Translation: You cannot save your mother, rather than that, come with me to learn some abilities.' (150826 baoliandeng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki kɤrtsi kɯtu me nɤ , aʑo nɯ sɤznɤ , nɤkinɯ , kʰa kɯqanɯ~nɯ ɯŋgɯ zɯ , nɤkinɯ , tɯɕpɤβ kɯβderzɯɣ tɤkɤlɤt nɯnɯ kusɤlɤɣia cʰaa ɕti nɤ !
Glosses: DEM.PROX INF-count SBJ:PCP-exist not.exist:FACT SFP 1SG DEM COMP FILLER house SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.dark 3SG.POSS-inside LOC FILLER INDEF.POSS-corpse four-section AOR-OBJ:PCP-release DEM IPFV-combine-1SG can:FACT-1SG be.AFF:FACT SFP
Translation: [What you ask] is nothing, I am even able to put together a corpse that had been cut into four pieces in a dark house.' (140512 alibaba-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki sɤlaŋpʰɤn ki nɯ sɤznɤ ɲɯwxti wo tɕe kʰa junɯtsɯma tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM.PROX basin DEM.PROX DEM COMP SENS-be.big SFP LNK house IPFV-VERT-take-1SG LNK
Translation: This basin is really big, I will take it home.' (150831 jubaopen)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [aʑɯɣ ɯɕa ra] ma nɯ ma kɯra me
Glosses: 1SG.GEN 3SG.POSS-meat be.needed:FACT LNK DEM apart.from SBJ:PCP-be.needed not.exist:FACT
Translation: I want its meat, and nothing else.' (02-deluge2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤpɤtso kɯɣɤwu ʑo kɤnɯɕpɯz mɤspea ma nɯ mɯma spea
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child SBJ:PCP-cry EMPH INF-imitate NEG-be.able[III]:FACT-1SG LNK DEM apart.from be.able[III]:FACT-1SG
Translation: I cannot imitate a child crying, but apart from that I can imitate [anything].' (27-kikakCi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤpɤtso kɯdɤn nɯra tɕe , tɯpɤrme , ʁnɯpɤrme jamar mɤɕtʂa tɯnɯ kutsʰinɯ .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child SBJ:PCP-be.many DEM:PL LNK one-year.old two-year.old about until INDEF.POSS-breast IPFV-drink-PL
Translation: In [families where] children are numerous, [mothers] breastfeed [the children] until [they are] one or two years old.' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akɯ mɤɕtʂa ɣɯkutalɤt
Glosses: east until CISL-IPFV:EAST-1→2-release
Translation: I will accompany you until the [land of the] east.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S205"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤsɤŋo ʁɟa qʰe , nɯmtɕʰi kɤχpjɤt ʁɟa kɯ kúwɣspa ɕti . nɯ mɤɕtʂa mɤkʰɯ .
Glosses: INF-hear completely LNK 3PL.POSS-mouth INF-observe completely ERG IPFV-INV-be.able be.AFF:FACT DEM until NEG-be.possible:FACT
Translation: (In order to learn the Tshobdun language, since it has no writing system), one has no choice but to listen and observe people's mouth to learn it, otherwise it is not possible.' (150901 tshuBdWnskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora pɤjkʰu <yiyue> <ershiduohao> mɤɕtʂa mɯ́jlɤtnɯ kʰi .
Glosses: 1PL still January twentieth.plus until NEG:SENS-release-PL hearsay
Translation: [At] our [place], they will only have [vacations] on the twentieth something of January, they say.' = `They won't have [vacations] until the twentieth of January.' (conversation, 14-12-24)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma kɯtɕimke nɯnɯtɕu , akɯ kuru tɕe , praʁwɯ ɕaŋdi sɤmto , andi tɕe tɕe , ɕɯfco ɕaŋkɯ nɯ sɤmto tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK TOPO DEM:LOC east IPFV:EAST-look.at LNK TOPO west.from PROP-see:FACT west LNK LNK TOPO east.from DEM PROP-see:FACT LNK
Translation: In Kuchimke, looking towards the east, [the areas] to the west of Praqwu are visible, and in the west, [the areas] to the east of Shyufkyo are visible.' (150904 tshAcim)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmŋɤsqɤrʑaʁ ɕaŋtaʁ cʰɯmdɯnɯ mɤŋgrɤl tutinɯ ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: fifty-day up.from IPFV-live.up.to-PL NEG-be.usually.the.case:FACT IPFV-say-PL SENS-be
Translation: They cannot live more than fifty days, it is said.' (26-GZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003668#S39"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe stu kɯdɤn nɯnɯ tɯxpa [tɯɣjɤn ɕaŋtaʁ] kɯɤmɯtɯɣ pɯme
Glosses: LNK most SBJ:PCP-be.many DEM one-year one-time up.from GENR-RECIP:meet PST.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: At most, we would only meet once per year (we had no opportunity to meet more than once a year).' (12-BzaNsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpɯ nɯnɯ χsɯm ɕaŋtaʁ tu mɯ́jŋgrɤl
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young DEM three up.from exist:FACT NEG:SENS-be.usually.the.case
Translation: It does not usually have more than three offsprings.' (2011-08-kuwu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤmu nɤwa ni ɕaŋpa , aɣe ɕaŋtaʁ tɤrɯndzaŋspanɯ je !
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-mother 2SG.POSS-father DU down.from 1SG.POSS-grandchild up.from IMP-be.careful SFP
Translation: Be careful, [all of you] from your parents (in the upper generation) to my grandson (in the lower generation).' (conversation, 29-09-2020)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wortɕʰi ʑo βɣɤru ci ɕaŋtaʁ ʑo tɤsɯɤwɯwumnɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: please EMPH miller INDEF up.from EMPH IFR-CAUS-RECIP:gather-PL LNK
Translation: Please gather [everybody], from the miller (i.e. the lowliest of servants) up [to the highest ranking person].' (2003 kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmke ɕaŋpa tɕe tɕe ki tɯmɤmke mɤɕtʂa kɯzɣɯt kɯrɲɟi pjɯŋu ra .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-neck down.from LNK LNK DEM.PROX INDEF.POSS-ankle until SBJ:PCP-reach SBJ:PCP-be.long IPFV-be be.needed:FACT
Translation: [Tibetan clothes] have to be long [enough] so as to reach the ankle down from the neck.' (30-tWNga)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora kɯ , nɤki , tsʰuβdɯn ɕaŋlo nɯra `stɤtpapɯ' tutij ŋu .
Glosses: 1PL ERG FILLER TOPO upstream.from DEM:PL pl.n.-person IPFV-say-1PL be:FACT
Translation: We call the people [who live] in Tshobdun and further upstream `Stotpa'.' (23-tCAphW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sqamnɯpɤrme ɕaŋpa nɯnɯ tɯɕɣa tunɤsci kʰɯ
Glosses: twelve-years.old down.from DEM GENR.POSS-tooth IPFV-exchange be.possible:FACT
Translation: Those under twelve years old, their teeth can be replaced.' (27-tWCGArgu) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003708#S55"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤte sqamŋusŋi ɕɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu tɕe , nɤki , nɯrlaʁ tɕe nɯme pɯŋu ɲɯŋu , tɕʰeme nɯ ,
Glosses: that.is fifteen-day before DEM.LOC LNK FILLER AOR-disappear LNK AOR-not.exist PST.IPFV-be SENS-be girl DEM
Translation: That is, fifteen days before, she had disappeared, that girl.' (tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯsŋi χsɤrʑaʁ mɤɕtʂa amɤtɤtɯrɤru ra ma tɕe mɤpʰɤn nɯra toti . matɕi tɕetʰa χsɯsŋi χsɤrʑaʁ ɕɯŋgɯ ɯʑo ɲɯpʰɣo pjɤra lo
Glosses: three-day three-night until IRR-NEG-PFV-2-get.up be.needed:FACT LNK LNK NEG-be.efficient:FACT DEM:PL IFR-say because later three-day three-night before 3SG IPFV-flee IFR.IPFV-be.needed SFP
Translation: [The rabbit] said `Don't get up until three days and three nights [have passed]', because [the rabbit was buying time] and had to flee before [the end of] these three days and nights.' (140427 qala cho kWrtsag)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo ɕɯŋgɯ api ra atu rɤʑinɯ tɕe , nɯnɯra ɣɯ nɯrmi tɤzmɤke qʰe ,
Glosses: 1SG before 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling PL up.there stay:FACT-PL LNK DEM:PL GEN 3PL.POSS-name IMP-CAUS-be.first[III] LNK
Translation: Before [you choose a name for] me, [choose] the names of my elder brothers up there first.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯxso ʑɴɢɯloʁ nɯnɯ , tɕe sqamŋuxpa mɤɕtʂa ɯmat kutsʰoʁ mɯ́jcʰa . pɯ́wɣji ɕimɯma , ɯrɣi pjɯ́wɣji ɯqʰu , sqamŋuxpa kóʁmɯz nɤ ɯmat kutsʰoʁ ŋu tutinɯ ŋgrɤl tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-normal walnut DEM LNK fifteen-year until 3SG.POSS-fruit IPFV-attach NEG:SENS-can AOR-INV-plant just.after 3SG.POSS-seed IPFV-INV-plant 3SG.POSS-after fifteen-year only.after LNK 3SG.POSS-fruit IPFV-attach be:FACT IPFV-say-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT LNK
Translation: Usually, the walnut tree cannot have walnuts until fifteen years [have passed]. Just after one has planted it, after one plants its seeds, it is only fifteen years later that it bears nuts, they say.' (12-ndZiNgri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tʰam kɯβdesqi ɯro topa ma <liu .jiu .nian> pɕintɕɤt
Glosses: LNK now fourty 3SG.POSS-excess IFR-pass.X.years LNK 1969 since
Translation: Now it has been forty years [we have known each other], since 1969.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S12"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕiʑo pɯaritɕi ŋu , mtsʰukʰa pɯftɕɤttɕi ŋu , nɯ ɯqʰu pɕintɕɤt tɕe , nɯʁgra nɯ nɯme ŋu
Glosses: 1DU AOR:DOWN-go[II]-1DU be:FACT lake AOR-subdue-1DU be:FACT DEM 3SG.POSS-after since LNK 2PL.POSS-enemy DEM AOR-not.exist be:FACT
Translation: We went down [into the lake], subdued the [demons in] the lake, and from that time on, your enemy is no more.' (Nyima.'Odzer 2003.2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɤmu nɯ , nɯ ɯqʰu ɕaŋpɕi ʑo kɤrɯndzɤqʰɤjɯ taznɯna
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-mother DEM DEM 3SG.POSS-after from.that.time.on EMPH INF-eat.without.sharing AOR:3→3-stop
Translation: From that [time] on, the mother stopped to eat on her own without sharing.' (tWJo 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯr nɯtɕu iɕqʰa tɤtɕɯpɯ nɯnɯra , jɯfɕɯr jɤznɤ tundzea tɕe pɯapa wo ri
Glosses: yesterday DEM:LOC the.aforementioned boy DEM:PL yesterday when IPFV-eat[III]-1SG LNK PST.IPFV-be.correct SFP LNK
Translation: I should have eaten these boys yesterday.' (160705 poucet5-v2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯŋgu jɤznɤ tɕe , ɯmɤlɤjaʁ nɯra mɯcʰɯpʰaʁnɯ tɕe , tɕe nɯ ɣɯ ɯndʐi kɯfsɯ~fse nɯ pjɯqaʁnɯ tɕe tɕe
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-beginning when LNK 3SG.POSS-limb DEM:PL NEG-IPFV-cut-PL LNK LNK DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-skin SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.like DEM IPFV-remove.skin-PL LNK LNK
Translation: In the beginning, they don't cut off the limbs (from the cattle's body), and take out the skin [in such a way as to preserve its shape] exactly like [that of the living animal].' (06-BGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003408#S68"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯr <gongxun> aɕki jɤɣe .
Glosses: yesterday ANTHR 1SG.POSS-DAT AOR-come[II]
Translation: Yesterday Gong Xun came to [see] me.' (160320, conversation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe smɤt tɯmda rɟɤlpu ɣɯ ɯɕki nɯtɕu , nɤkinɯ , ɯrʑaβ ɯkɯtʰu cʰɤɕe tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK TOPO TOPO king GEN 3SG.POSS-DAT DEM:LOC FILLER 3SG.POSS-wife 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-ask IFR:DOWNSTREAM-go LNK
Translation: He went to ask the king of the lower valley for [one his daughter to take as] a wife.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ mbro tɯskɤt kɯtso nɯnɯ ɯɕki zɯ … toti
Glosses: DEM horse INDEF.POSS-speech SBJ:PCP-understand DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT LOC _ IFR-say
Translation: She said … to the horse who could understand speech' (2003kAndzWsqhaj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa srɯnmɯ nɯ kɯ , … smɤnmimitoʁ kuɕana ɯɕki `nɤʑo tɕʰi ɯrɯɣ tɯŋu' toti ri ,
Glosses: the.aforementioned râkshasî DEM ERG _ ANTHR ANTHR 3SG.POSS-DAT 2SG what 3SG.POSS-race 2-be:FACT IFR-say LNK
Translation: The râkshasî asked Smanmi Metog Koshana, `What type of being are you?' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɤtɕɯ nɯ kɯ ɯwa ɯpʰe nɯra pɯkɯfse nɯra toti ɲɯŋu
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-son DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-father 3SG.POSS-DAT DEM.PL AOR-SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM.PL IFR-say SENS-be
Translation: The boy told his father the things that had happened.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo ɯmɤɲɯtɯstu nɤ , ʑara nɯɕki tɤtʰe jɤɣ
Glosses: 2SG QU-NEG-SENS-2-believe LNK 3PL 3PL.POSS-DAT IMP-ask[III] be.possible:FACT
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ tɤpɤtso nɯ ɯɕki torɯɕmi .
Glosses: DEM INDEF.POSS-child DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT IFR-speak
Translation: It spoke to the child.' (150831 renshen wawa-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006418#S36"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯnmaʁ ɯɕki ɲɤkʰo tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-husband 3SG.POSS-DAT IFR-give LNK
Translation: She gave it to her husband.' (qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɤŋe nɯ nɯɣme tɕe , tɕe tɤŋe ɯɕki ʁɟa ʑo ɕturu tɕe , tɯʑo tɯɕki maka ʑo mɤru
Glosses: LNK sun DEM APPL-be.afraid[III]:FACT-1SG LNK LNK sun 3SG.POSS-DAT completely EMPH TRAL-IPFV:UP-look.at LNK GENR GENR.POSS-DAT at.all EMPH NEG-look.at:FACT
Translation: [If the yeti catches you], it is afraid of the sun, it looks at the sun the whole time, and does not look at you.' (140510 mYWrgAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯrte nɯ ɯrna ɯɕki pɯkɯɴqoʁ nɯnɯ pjɤmɟa tɕe ɯku ɯtaʁ tota .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-hat DEM 3SG.POSS-ear 3SG-DAT AOR:DOWN-NMLZ:S/A-hang DEM IFR:DOWN-take LNK 3SG.POSS-head 3SG-on IFR-put
Translation: He took the hat that was hanging on his ear and put it on his head.' (140505 liuhaohan zoubian tianxia-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤŋe cʰo slɤŋe ʑŋgri ra nɯpʰe nɯtɕu kɤnɤɕqa apɯtɯcʰa ra ma ,
Glosses: sun COMIT moon star PL 3PL.POSS-DAT DEM:LOC INF-bear IRR-PFV-2-can be.needed:FACT LNK
Translation: [When you are] close to the sun, the moon and the stars, you will have to bear [the heat and the cold], otherwise…' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: li tɕetu tɤɣe qʰe , ɯwa ɯɕki kunɯrɤʑi , tɕeki pɯari qʰe , ɯwɯ ɯwi ni ndʑiɕki junɯɕe qʰe ,
Glosses: again up.there AOR:UP-go[II] LNK 3SG.POSS-father 3SG.POSS-DAT IPFV-AUTO-stay, down.there AOR-go[II] LNK 3SG.POSS-grand.father 3SG.POSS-grand.mother DU 3DU.POSS-DAT IPFV-AUTO-go LNK
Translation: When she comes up there, she stays at her father's house, and when she goes down there, she goes to her grandparent's place.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯre aʑo aɕki ɕti ma , ɯʑo ɯɕki me wo .
Glosses: DEM:PROX:LOC 1SG 1SG.POSS-DAT be.AFF:FACT LNK 3SG 3SG.POSS-DAT not.exist:FACT SFP
Translation: (The key) is with me here, she doesn't have it.' (so she asked me for it) (conversation, 2021-01)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo kɯnɤ nɤrca ɣia ɕti
Glosses: 1SG also 2SG.POSS-following come:FACT-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I am coming/going with you.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɤnmawombɤr ɣɯ ɯɕɤrɯ ɯβɣi ɯrca tsʰɯntsʰɯn ʑo tawumnɯ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: ANTHR GEN 3SG.POSS-bone 3SG.POSS-ash 3SG.POSS-following IDPH(II):neat EMPH AOR:3→3-collect-PL SENS-be
Translation: They collected all of Padma 'Od-'bar's bones together with his ashes.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯjɤɣɤt ɯrca tɤse cʰɯnɯɬoʁ
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-feces 3SG.POSS-following INDEF.POSS-blood IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-AUTO-come.out
Translation: (In the case of this disease), blood comes out together with the feces.' (24-pGArtsAG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003624#S109"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕoʁ nɯnɯ tɤrɤku tɤrca ŋu , sɯjno maʁ .
Glosses: buckwheat DEM INDEF.POSS-crops INDEF.POSS-following be:FACT grass not.be:FACT
Translation: Buckwheat is a type of crops, it is not a [type of] grass.' (13-NanWkWmtsWG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003492#S64"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯʑora ɣɯ nɯtɤsno kɯfse ɯtsʰɤt nɯ , tɕiʑo ɣɯ , tɕixɕɤndʑu χsɯldʑa pɯtu tɕe , nɯnɯ lɤnɯβlɯtɕi ɕti wo
Glosses: 2PL GEN 2PL.POSS-INDEF.POSS-saddle SBJ:PCP-be.like 3SG.POSS-instead.of DEM 1DU GEN 1DU.POSS-twig three-long.object PST.IPFV-exist LNK DEM AOR-AUTO-burn-1DU be.AFF:FACT SFP
Translation: Instead of a saddle like yours, we had three twigs, this is what we burned.' (Kunbzang 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo nɤtsʰɤt , nɤki , si nɯ tuɣɯjtsia jɤɣ
Glosses: 1SG 2SG.POSS-instead.of FILLER tree DEM IPFV-support-1SG be.possible:FACT
Translation: I can support the tree for you/instead of you (while you fetch it).' (150830 afanti-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: si maŋe tɕe tɕe nɯnɯtɕu tɕe , nɯsi ɯtsʰɤt ɲɯŋu
Glosses: tree not.exist:SENS LNK LNK DEM:LOC LNK 3PL.POSS-wood 3SG.POSS-instead.of SENS-be
Translation: [Since] there are no trees, [dung] is used there to replace the firewood.' (05-tamar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ tɤnɯndɤm tɕe aʑo atsʰɤt ŋu tɕe
Glosses: DEM IMP-AUTO-take[III] LNK 1SG 1SG.POSS-instead.of be:FACT LNK
Translation: Take these [as a compensation] instead of having me [as your wife].' (2003kAndzwsqhaj2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rkaŋraŋ ɯtsʰɤt tsa ɲɯkɯnɤɕtʂaʁlianɯ raʁmaʁ ma
Glosses: ANTHR 3SG.POSS-proper.measure a.little IPFV-2→1-torture-1SG-PL SFP SFP
Translation: Rkangrang, don't go over the top in your torturing of me (`torture me with proper measure'), please? (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtsʰɤt tusɯβzunɯ mɯ́jkʰɯ ma , nɯkɤkʰo nɯ mɯtʰaɕkɯt mɤɕtʂa tundze ɲɯɕti .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-proper.measure IPFV-CAUS-make-PL NEG:SENS-be.possible LNK AOR-OBJ:PCP-give DEM NEG-AOR:3→3-eat.completely until IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be.AFF
Translation: They cannot make [the monkey eat] with measure, as it continues eating the [food] that is given to it until there is none.' (19-GzW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ ɯtsʰɤt nɯnɯ ɯpɯ ci ci ʁnɯz tu , ci ci tɯrdoʁ ma me tɕe núndʐa ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-proper.measure DEM 3SG.POSS-young once once two exist:FACT once once one-piece apart.from not.exist:FACT LNK for.this.reason SENS-be
Translation: This is why, depending on the circumstances, sometimes [the goat] has two kids, sometimes only one.' (05-qaZo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtaʁ zɯ kɤamdzɯ nɤ tɤlu patɕɤt ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-on LOC AOR-sit LNK INDEF.POSS-milk AOR:3→3-take.out SENS-be
Translation: She sat on him and milked.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕetu si ɯku zɯ qaliaʁ ɣɤʑu tɕe ,
Glosses: up.there tree 3SG.POSS-top.of LOC eagle SENS:exist LNK
Translation: Up there on the top of the tree there is an eagle.' (140427 laoying mao he yezhu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ kɯspoʁ ŋu , ɯŋgɯ nɯ so tɕe
Glosses: LNK DEM SBJ:PCP-have.a.hole be:FACT 3SG.POSS-inside DEM be.hollow:FACT LNK
Translation: Its [inside] has a hole, its inside is hollow.' (12-Zmbroko)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre nɯnɯ kʰɯtsa ɯmŋu jamar kɯwxti tu ,
Glosses: LNK DEM bowl 3SG.POSS-border about SBJ:PCP-be.big exist:FACT
Translation: Some are about as big as the mouth of a bowl.' (22-BlamajmAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendre pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ mtsʰu ɯmŋu nɯtɕu `ʂɯt' toti tonɯɬoʁ .
Glosses: LNK bird DEM lake 3SG.POSS-border DEM:LOC IDPH.I:sound IFR-say IFR:UP-AUTO-come.out
Translation: The bird came out of the shore of the lake with a noise.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mtsʰu ɯqa zɯ nɤrwɯ mɤkɯnaχtɕɯɣ ci ɣɤʑu tɕe ,
Glosses: lake 3SG.POSS-bottom LOC jewel NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.similar INDEF exist:SENS LNK
Translation: At the bottom of the sea, there is a jewel unlike any other.' (2012 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʁar ɯndo nɯra hanɯni ɲɯɲaʁ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-wing 3SG.POSS-border DEM:PL a.little SENS-be.black
Translation: The extremities of its wings are a bit black.' (23-scuz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯndo tɕe maka kɯtu ɲɯme ɲɯŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-border LNK at.all SBJ:PCP-exist IPFV-not.exist SENS-be LNK
Translation: In the end, nothing is left.' (04-xiaocunzhuang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ ɯndʐi nɯnɯ pjɯχtsɤβnɯ tɕe tɕe tɯŋga ɯndo ri kulɤtnɯ , tɯŋga ɯkuŋa , ɯpɤloʁ ɯku , ɯndo nɯra kulɤtnɯ , tusɯfskɤrnɯ ŋu .
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-skin DEM IPFV-tan-PL LNK LNK INDEF.POSS-clothes 3SG.POSS-border LOC IPFV-release-PL INDEF.POSS-clothes 3SG.POSS-collar 3SG.POSS-sleeves 3SG.POSS-top 3SG.POSS-border DEM:PL IPFV-release-PL IPFV-CAUS-surround-PL be:FACT
Translation: They tan its hide (of the otter) and put it on the lower opening of the clothes, on the collar of clothes, the cuffs of the sleeves and the lower opening, and make it around [these openings].' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qaʑmbri nɯ , tɯji ɯndo , tɯji ɯmŋu nɯra aʁɤndɯndɤt ʑo tuɬoʁ ɕti
Glosses: vine DEM INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-border INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-border DEM:PL everywhere EMPH IPFV:UP-come.out be.AFF:FACT
Translation: The vine, it grows everywhere, on both sides of the fields.' (06-qaZmbri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cɯŋglɯɣ nɯ rɟɤskɤt ɯmŋu zɯ nata ɲɯŋu
Glosses: pestle DEM stairs 3SG.POSS-border LOC AOR:3→3-put SENS-be
Translation: He put the pestle on the top of the stairs.' (tWJo 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʂʰa tɤ́wɣrku tɕe kʰɯtsa ɯmŋuɕɯmŋu stʰɯci tuzɣɯt mɤra ma kɤndo tɕe sɤɕke
Glosses: tea AOR-INV-put.in LNK bowl 3SG.POSS-border:SUPERLATIVE so.much IPFV:UP-reach NEG-be.needed:FACT LNK INF-take LNK PROP-burn:FACT
Translation: When one pours tea, it should not reach the limit of the mouth of the bowl, otherwise it will be burning when one holds it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe pʰaʁrgot ri li ɯʑo ɯstu ʑo ɲɤɣi qʰe , ɕɤmɯɣdɯ kɤlɤt mɯpjɤnɤz qʰe pʰaʁrgot jonɯɕe .
Glosses: LNK boar also again 3SG 3SG.POSS-straight EMPH IFR:WEST-come LNK gun INF-release NEG-IFR.IPFV-dare LNK boar IFR-AUTO-go
Translation: The boar came directly at him, but he did not dare to shoot and the boar went away.' (150829 phaRrgot)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯku kɯɤmtɕoʁ ɲɯŋu tɕe , tɯtaʁ kuotsa tɕe ɲɯɕɯmŋɤm .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-head SBJ:PCP-be.pointy SENS-be LNK GENR.POSS-on IPFV-prick LNK SENS-CAUS-hurt
Translation: [The fir needles] are pointy-headed, they prick people, it hurts.' (08-tWrgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003464#S26"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ʑmbrɯ nɯkɤχtɤr nɯ ɯtaʁ kɤɴqoʁnɯ ra
Glosses: DEM ship AOR-OBJ:PCP-scatter DEM 3SG.POSS-on IMP-hang-PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: Grab the [pieces of the] ship that have been scattered.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrmɯkʰa tɕe tɯlɤt nɯ ɯtaʁ koɴqoʁ tɕe
Glosses: evening LOC second.sibling DEM 3SG.POSS-on IFR-hang LNK
Translation: In the evening, he grabbed the second sister.' (07-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003426#S46"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: maka ʑo ɯtaʁ mɯpjɤpendʑi qʰe , pjɤŋɤnndʑi
Glosses: at.all EMPH 3SG.POSS-on NEG-IPFV.IFR-be.good-DU LNK NEG-IPFV.IFR-be.bad-DU
Translation: They did not treat him well, they treated him badly. (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: api ra ataʁ nɯtɯpe pɯsɤre ʑo tɕe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling PL 1SG.POSS-on 3PL.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.good PST.IPFV-be.ridiculous EMPH LNK
Translation: My elder brothers treated me very well.' (140501 tshering skyid)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤtaʁ stua mbata ʑo ɕti
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-on try.hard(1):FACT-1SG try.hard(2):FACT-1SG EMPH be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I will treat you well.' (2005lobzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtaʁ tɯmci pjɯ́wɣlɤt
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-on GENR.POSS-spit IPFV-INV-release
Translation: If one spits on it,' (08-qaJAGi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003458#S27"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʁjoʁ ra nɯtaʁ kɯnɤ kɤari tɕe scoʁqʰu ci tulɤt , nɯɣe tɕe tɤŋkʰɯt ci tulɤt
Glosses: servant PL 3PL.POSS-on also AOR:EAST-go[II] LNK ladle-back once IPFV-release AOR:WEST-come[II] LNK fist once IPFV-release
Translation: Every time she went right she would hit the servants with the back of the ladle, every time she went left she hit them with the fist.' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑmbrɯ ɯtaʁ toɕe tɕe jonɯɕe
Glosses: boat 3SG.POSS-on IFR:UP-go LNK IFR-VERT-go
Translation: He took a boat and went back home.' (150907 niexiaoqian-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006262#S130"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑmbrɯ ɯtaʁ pjɤɬoʁnɯ
Glosses: boat 3SG.POSS-on IFR:DOWN-come.out-PL
Translation: They took off the boats.' (140508 shier ge tiaowu de gongzhu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003937#S144"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe jɯɣi ɯtaʁ tufɕɤt tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK book 3SG.POSS-on IPFV-tell LNK
Translation: It is told in a book, that…' (27-qaCpa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003716#S5"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɯtsa ɯŋgɯ tɯci turkunɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: bowl 3SG.POSS-inside INDEF.POSS-water IPFV-put.in-PL LNK
Translation: People used to put water in a bowl, and…' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯji ɯŋgɯ zɯ tsʰɤt ɯɣli nɯ cʰɯ́wɣlɤt tɕe , tɤrɤku wuma ʑo tusɤpe cʰa
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-inside LOC goat 3SG.POSS-manure DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-release LNK INDEF.POSS-crops really EMPH IPFV-do.well can:FACT
Translation: If one spreads goat manure on the fields, it can make the crops grow really well.' (05-qaZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003404#S28"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <chuzu> ɯŋgɯ tʰɯɣea tɕe
Glosses: taxi 3SG.POSS-inside AOR:DOWNSTREAM-come[II]-1SG LNK
Translation: I came on a taxi.' (2010-01-Dpalcan)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtʰɤcu maŋtʰi qʰajŋgɯ nɯ kɯ , nɤki , βɣa ɯpa ri tɕʰɯŋkʰɤr tu tɕe , tɕʰɯŋkʰɤr ɯtaʁ ri cʰɯlɤt tɕe , tɕʰɯŋkʰɤr ɯtaʁ nɯre ri βɣɤrnɤjwaʁ kɤti tu tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-downstream downstream water.trough DEM ERG FILLER mill 3SG.POSS-under LOC water.wheel exist:FACT LNK water.wheel 3SG.POSS-on LOC IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-release LNK LNK water.wheel DEM:LOC LOC blades OBJ:PCP-say exist:FACT LNK
Translation: The inferior water trough – under the mill there is a water wheel – [the water trough] directs [the water] onto that water wheel – on the water wheel there are things called `blades'.' (06-BGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003408#S23"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtʰoʁ ɯpa ri tuɬoʁ nɯra mɯ́jcʰa
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-earth 3SG.POSS-below LOC IPFV:UP-come.out DEM:PL NEG:SENS-can
Translation: [Its shoots] cannot come out from under the ground.' (15-babW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr kʰri ɯtaʁ zɯ pjɤrɤʑi tɕe ɯtɯɣɤχsrɯ pjɤsaχaʁ ʑo .
Glosses: gold bed 3SG.POSS-on LOC IFR.IPFV-stay LNK 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.handsome IFR.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH
Translation: He was sitting on the golden bed, very handsome.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤmtsʰu ɣɯ ɯrkɯ qambɯt ɯtaʁ nɯtɕu pjɤrɤʑi .
Glosses: ocean GEN 3SG.POSS-side sand 3SG.POSS-on DEM:LOC IFR.IPFV-stay
Translation: He stayed on the beach.' (140511 xinbada-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤndʑiʁi nɯŋgɯz stu kɯxtɕi nɯnɯ kɯ … nɯra ntsɯ tuti pjɤŋu .
Glosses: COLL:siblings 3PL.POSS-among:LOC most SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM ERG _ DEM:PL always IPFV-say IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: The youngest among the sisters was always saying …' (150828 donglang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯmdoʁ nɯ aj kɤti mɯ́jspea ma arŋi ɯŋgɯz kɯnɤ pɣi kɯfse
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-colour DEM 1SG INF-say NEG:SENS-be.able[III]-1SG LNK be.green:FACT 3SG.POSS-inside:LOC also be.grey:FACT SBJ:PCP-be.like
Translation: I cannot say its colour, it is somewhere between green and grey.' (06-qaZmbri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χɕitka ɯraŋ tɕe , tɕendɤre pɣa ra , nɯkɤndza maka cʰɯme ɲɯŋu tɕe , tɕendɤre ɯtɯmtsɯr pjɤsaχaʁ ʑo ɲɯŋu ,
Glosses: spring 3SG.POSS-during LNK LNK bird PL 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat at.all IPFV-not.exist SENS-be LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.hungry IFR.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH SENS-be
Translation: In spring, the birds' food has gone out and [that crow] was extremely hungry.' (kWjujmAlu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯrɤɣ ɣɤʑu ma nɤkinɯ sɲikuku ʑo ɲɯmaʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-specific.time exist:SENS LNK filler every.day EMPH SENS-not.be
Translation: [The rut] occurs at a specific time, not every day.' (27-qartshAz) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003702#S150"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre ɯfsaqʰe tɕe nɯ ɯrɤɣ tɕe li loɣi
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-next.year LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-specific.time LNK again IFR:UPSTREAM-come
Translation: It came back at exactly the same time the next year.' (22-qomndroN) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003598#S40"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ci ɯmpʰru ci ʑo konɯpoʁ qʰe losɯɣe .
Glosses: one 3SG.POSS-after one EMPH IFR-kiss LNK IFR:UPSTREAM-CAUS-come
Translation: [The mother] kissed [her children] one after the one and had them come inside.' (160701 poucet2) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006155#S38"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ ɯmpʰru tɕe tɕʰi toti ?
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK what IFR-say
Translation: What does it say next?' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S103"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯrdoʁ pjɤsat tɕe tɕeri nɯnɯ ɯmpʰru tɯsla jamar nɯnɯ tɯci ɯtaʁ nɯtɕu ɯzda nɯ loɕe nɤ cʰɤɣi , loɕe nɤ cʰɤɣi ɲɤɕar
Glosses: LNK one-piece IFR-kill LNK LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-after one-month about DEM INDEF.POSS-water 3SG.POSS-on DEM:LOC 3SG.POSS-mater DEM IFR:UPSTREAM-go LNK IFR:DOWNSTREAM-come IFR:UPSTREAM-go LNK IFR:DOWNSTREAM-come IFR-search
Translation: [Someone] killed one of them, and after that, [the other one] flew along the river searching for its mate for about one month.' (22-qomndroN)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo kuɕea tɕe zɲɯsaʁjara ŋu tɕe nɯ ɯpɤrtʰɤβ tɕe nɯʑo ra kɯ ɕpɯrlanɯ je tɕe lɤtsɯmnɯ je
Glosses: 1SG IPFV:EAST-go-1SG LNK TRAL-SENS-delay-1SG be:FACT LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-in.the.middle LOC 2PL PL ERG TRAL-IMP-untie-PL SFP LNK IMP:UPSTREAM-take.away-PL SFP
Translation: I will go there and delay him_i, and in the meantime, you go there and untie him_j, and take him_j away.' (tWJo 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤki tɤtʂu nɯ ajaʁ tɤkʰɤm !
Glosses: DEM:MEDIAL lamp DEM, 1SG.POSS-hand IMP:UP-give[III]
Translation: Hand over to me (up here) that lamp.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki mbro ki nɤjaʁ ɲɯkʰoj ŋu
Glosses: DEM.PROX horse DEM.PROX 2SG.POSS-hand IPFV-give-1PL be:FACT
Translation: (If you succeed), we will give you this horse.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa tɤtʂu nɯ ajaʁ anɯzɣɯt ra
Glosses: the.aforementioned lamp DEM 1SG.POSS-hand IRR-PFV-reach be.needed:FACT
Translation: I have to obtain this lamp.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰi ra nasɯso ʑo nɯ , ɯjaʁ junɯsɯɤzɣɯt pjɤcʰa .
Glosses: what PL AOR:3→3-think EMPH DEM 3SG.POSS-hand IPFV-AUTO-CAUS-reach IFR.IPFV-can
Translation: He was able to get whatever he wanted.' (140508 benling gaoqiang de si xiongdi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo nɤndʐa pɯɣea ɕti
Glosses: 2SG 2SG.POSS-reason PST:DOWN-come[II]-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I came down [here] for you.' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pʰa kɤmɲɯ ɣɯ kɯpe ɣɯ ɯskɤt nɯtɕu toβzunɯ ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: all TOPO GEN SBJ:PCP-be.good GEN 3SG.POSS-speech DEM:LOC IFR-make-PL SENS-be
Translation: People built it there for the benefit of all of Kamyu.' (150904 tshAcim)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɯcʰaa nɯra nɤj nɤtʰɯrʑi kɯ pɯcʰaa
Glosses: AOR-can-1SG DEM:PL 2SG 2SG.POSS-mercy ERG AOR-can-1SG
Translation: I succeeded all thanks to you.' (2011 04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma jinde nɯra kɯfse kɤmtsʰɤm maŋe tɕe , smɤn ɯtʰɯrʑi ɯmɤŋu ma
Glosses: LNK nowadays DEM:PL SBJ:PCP-be.like INF-hear not.exist:SENS LNK medicine 3SG.POSS-mercy PROB-be:FACT LNK
Translation: Nowadays we do not hear about [this disease], probably thanks to the medicine.' (27-tWfCAl)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤzdɯɣ ɯxɕɤt kɯ pjɯsi ɕti ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-toil 3SG.POSS-strength ERG/INSTR IPFV-die be:AFF:FACT
Translation: [The bees] die of exhaustion.' (26 GZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003668#S40"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: prɤɕta cʰo rgɯnba ni ndʑipɤrtʰɤβ ri ŋu
Glosses: TOPO COMIT monastery DU 3DU.POSS-between LOC be:FACT
Translation: It is between Prashta and the monastery.' (140522 Kamnyu zgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe awɯ cʰo aʁi ni pjɯtɯsat mɤjɤɣ
Glosses: LNK 1SG.POSS-grandfather COMIT 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling DU IPFV-2-kill NEG-be.possible:FACT
Translation: You cannot kill my grandfather and my younger brother.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbɣɤru nɯ jla ʁnɯz ni ndʑitʰɤβ ri ɲɯɕe tɕe
Glosses: plough.beam DEM hybrid.yak two DU 3DU.POSS-between LOC IPFV:WEST-go LNK
Translation: The beam of the plough goes between the two hybrid yaks.' (24-mbGo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003621"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zaŋ cʰo raʁ ni ʁnaʁna ʑo ʁja kute ɲɯŋu
Glosses: copper COMIT brass DU both EMPH verdigris IPFV-put[III] SENS-be
Translation: Both copper and brass get verdigris.' (30-Com)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmu ɯwa ni kɯ ɲɯznɤjandʑi qʰe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-father DU ERG IPFV-CAUS-be.a.pity-DU LNK
Translation: Her parents could not stand to part with her.' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S275"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕiʑo ni wuma ʑo pɯamɯmitɕi tɕe
Glosses: 1DU DU really EMPH PST.IPFV-be.on.good.terms-1DU LNK
Translation: We were in harmony together.' (140512 fushang he yaomo-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpi ni ndʑisroʁ kori tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-elder.sibling DU 3DU.POSS-life IFR-save LNK
Translation: He saved the life of his two brothers.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯɕɯŋgɯ tɕe tɕe atu <qinghai> ʑɴɢɯloʁ nɯtɕu tɕe , ʁjɯmbrɯɣ ʁzɤmi ci pjɤtundʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: in.former.times LNK LNK up.there ANTHR ANTHR DEM:LOC LNK dragon husband.and.wife one IFR.IPFV-exist-DU LNK
Translation: In former times, in Qinghai, in the Mgolog area, there was a couple of dragons.' (150820 qaprANar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɯŋgɯ zɯ tɯrme wuma ʑo kɯwxti ʁnɯz tundʑi tɕe
Glosses: forest LOC person really EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.big two exist:FACT-DU LNK
Translation: In the forest, there are two giants.' (140428 yonggan de xiaocaifeng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmɲaʁ χcʰoʁe ni tomto .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-eye left.and.right DU AOR-have.sight
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤpi ni kɯ nɤʑo nɯɣi kɤsɯso kɯ ʁmaʁ χsɯtɤxɯr kɯ paznɤkʰarnɯ ɕti tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-elder.sibling DU ERG 2SG come.back:FACT INF-think ERG soldier three-round ERG AOR:3→3-CAUS-surround-PL be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: Your two elder brothers, thinking that you are coming back, had [the palace] guarded on all sides by three rows of soldiers.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmaʁ si ra cʰo nɯmdoʁ mɤnaχtɕɯɣ
Glosses: other tree PL COMIT 3PL.POSS-colour NEG-be.the.same:FACT
Translation: Its colour is different from that of the other trees.' (`this tree and other trees, their colours are different') 11-qrontshom)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rdɤstaʁ ra pjɯtʂaβnɯ qʰe tɯrme tuxtsɯɣ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: stone PL IPFV-cause.to.fall-PL LNK people IPFV-hit SENS-be
Translation: [Goats and sheep], (as they climb high) cause stones (and other things) to fall and these hit people.' (tshAt-qaZo-kAlAG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003420#S3"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ci ci χsɯm kɯβde ra ɲɯlɤt ɲɯŋgrɤl . tsuku tɕe ʁnɯz jamar ma mɯ́jlɤt ,
Glosses: one one three four PL SENS-throw SENS-be.usually.the.case . some LNK two about apart.from NEG:SENS-throw
Translation: Sometimes [dogs] have three or four [puppies], some only have two.' (05-khWna)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: βʑɯ nɯ wuma ʑo ŋɤn tɕe , tɕendɤre aʁɤndɯndɤt ʑo kʰa ra cʰɯrɤpɯ . tɯji ɯngɯ ra cʰɯrɤpɯ ,
Glosses: mouse DEM really EMPH be.evil:FACT LNK LNK everywhere EMPH house PL IPFV-bear.young INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-inside PL IPFV-bear.young
Translation: The mouse is fierce, it has pups everywhere in the house, and has pups in the fields.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯβri ra ɲɯɬoʁ , nɯmke nɯra ɲɯɬoʁ nɯrŋa ra brɤβbrɤβ ʑo ɲɯɬoʁ ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-body PL IPFV-come.out 3PL.POSS-neck DEM:PL IPFV-come.out 3PL.POSS-face PL IDPH(II):covered.by.tiny.bumps EMPH IPFV-come.out SENS-be
Translation: [People who suffer from this disease have little blisters] appearing on their body, on their neck and all over their face.' (27-kharwut)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qapar nɯ kɯ li , … tɤwi ra tonɯɕpɯz tɕe , tɕe ɯskɤt ra cʰɤsɯɤmtɕoʁ ʑo tɕe nɯra toti .
Glosses: dhole DEM ERG again _ INDEF.POSS-grandmother PL IFR-impersonate LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-voice PL IFR-CAUS-be.sharp EMPH LNK DEM:PL IFR-say
Translation: The wolf was pretending to be the grandmother, and said these [words] with a sharp voice.' (140428 xiaohongmao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003884#S91"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɯku tɕe tʰɣe kɯfse , kɯmaʁ si ra nɯmat nɯra ɕpjɯnɯpʰɯt tɕe tundze ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: tree LNK acorn SBJ:PCP-be.like other tree PL 3PL.POSS-fruit DEM:PL TRAL-IPFV:DOWN-AUTO-pluck LNK IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: On the trees, [the bear] plucks acorn or fruits from other trees to eat.' (21-pri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯŋga ɯtaʁ ra ɯmat bɤbɤβ ʑo kundzoʁ .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-clothes 3SG.POSS-on PL 3SG.POSS-fruit IDPH(II):in.clusters EMPH IPFV-ANTICAUS:attach
Translation: Its seeds attach in clumps to one's clothes.' (18-qromJoR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɤti mɤkɯpe kɯfse tukɯti] nɯnɯra tɕe , [[kɤnɯtsɯ kɯra] ra kɯnɤ tukɯti] nɯnɯra , tɯrme ra kɯnɤ , tɕaɣi tusɤrminɯ ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: INF-say NEG-NMLZ.S/A-be.good NMLZ.S/A-be.like IPFV-NMLZ.S/A-say DEM:PL LNK INF-hide NMLZ.S/A-be.needed PL also IPFV-NMLZ.S/A-say DEM:PL people PL also parrot IPFV-call-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: Those who say things that one should not say, who say even what should be concealed, even [if they are] people, they call them `parrots'. (24-qro)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: li tɯji ɯŋgɯ ra ɣɯkunɯru ra ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: again INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-inside PL CISL-IPFV-eat.crops PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: It also usually comes to eat crops in the fields.' (24-ZmbrWpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003628#S35"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɣɤmdzu tɕe nɯnɯ kɤnɤjaʁ ra mɤsɤnɤz tɕe
Glosses: be.thorny:FACT LNK DEM INF-touch PL NEG-PROP-dare:FACT LNK
Translation: It is thorny and one does not dare to touch it with the hand.' (11-qrontshom) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003482#S85"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: alo ra ɲɯmbɣomnɯ qʰe
Glosses: upstream PL SENS-be.in.a.hurry-PL LNK
Translation: Those in the village, they [do things] in a hurry.' (conversation140510 tshering)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑi ra nɯ<bandeng> ɲɯɕara ɕi aʑo tuozgrɯa ma
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-young.lady PL 3PL.POSS-seat IPFV-look.for-1SG QU 1SG IPFV-bend-1SG LNK
Translation: Young lady, should I look for a seat for you, or bend down [for you to sit on my back]?' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo ɣɯɕaβa tɤŋu tɕe , ki srɯnloʁpɯ ki ɲɯɕtʰɯza tɕe ,
Glosses: 1SG INV-catch.up:FACT-1SG AOR-be LNK DEM.PROX ring-DIM DEM.PROX IPFV:WEST-turn.toward-1SG LNK
Translation: When [the râkshasas] are about to catch up with me, I will turn this little ring towards west [in their direction].' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S209"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo kɯki tɤɲi ki lunɤkʰɯkʰrɯta tɕe
Glosses: 1SG DEM.PROX staff DEM.PROX IPFV:UPSTREAM-drag-1SG LNK
Translation: I will drag along this staff [on the ground].' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa kɯki <qingjiao> kɯki tɕe , ɯqa kɯwɣrum ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: the.aforementioned DEM.PROX plant.name DEM.PROX LNK 3SG.POSS-root SBJ:PCP-be.white SENS-be
Translation: This [plant that is called] qingjiao (in Chinese), its root is white (unlike the other qingjiao whose root is red).' (17-ndZWnW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003524#S75"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki rgɤtpu kɯki kɯ , iɕqʰa , qaʑo nɯ tomtsʰi qʰe , li tʂu kɯwxti nɯtɕu joɕe tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM.PROX old.man DEM.PROX ERG the.aforementioned sheep DEM IFR-lead LNK again road SBJ:PCP-be.big DEM:LOC IFR-go LNK
Translation: The old man, leading the sheep, went to the big road.' (150822 laoye zuoshi zongshi duide-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯrʑaβ nɯ kɯ , ɯkɯki arʑaβ kɯki , kɯki ɕkom ki nasɯɤβzu tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-wife DEM ERG DEM.PROX.EMPH 1SG.POSS-wide DEM.PROX DEM.PROX muntjac DEM.PROX AOR:3→3-CAUS-become LNK
Translation: [My son's] wife turned this wife of mine into this muntjac.' (140512 fushang he yaomo-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki tɕʰeme kɯra nɯrca aʑo tuɕea ɲɯntsʰi ma mɯ́jpe
Glosses: DEM girl DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-following 1SG IPFV:UP-go-1SG SENS-have.better apart.from NEG:SENS-be.good
Translation: I have no other choice but to go [to heaven] with these girls.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯra pɣa nɯra lonba ʑo ɲɤmenɯ tɕe , ʁʑɯnɯ sqaptɯɣ ɲɤkɤpanɯci .
Glosses: DEM.PL bird DEM.PL all EMPH IFR-not.exist LNK young.man eleven IFR-PEG-become-PL-PEG
Translation: All those birds disappeared, and became eleven young men.' (140520 ye tiane-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤki nɯtɤɲi ɯtaʁ kɤrɤt nɯ ɯβrɤkɯznɤmɲoanɯ
Glosses: DEM:MEDIAL 2PL.POSS-staff 3SG.POSS-on OBJ:PCP-write DEM RH.Q-2→1-CAUS-watch-1SG-PL
Translation: You wouldn't show me what is written on that staff of yours, would you?' (2003 sras)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤki nɤtɤri nɯ ŋotɕu pɯtu
Glosses: DEM:MEDIAL 2SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-thread DEM where PST.IPFV-exist
Translation: That thread of yours, where is it from?' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki χsɤr pɣɤtɕɯ ki nɤjaʁ ɲɯkʰama ŋu
Glosses: DEM.PROX gold bird DEM.PROX 1SG.POSS-hand IPFV-give[III]-1SG be:FACT
Translation: (If you succeed) I will give you this golden bird.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯtɕu atɯrsa ŋu , tɕe nɤʑo kɯ [nɯ aʑo aɕɤrɯ nɯnɯra] atɤtɯtɕɤt tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM:LOC 1SG.POSS-tomb be:FACT LNK 2SG ERG DEM 1SG 1SG.POSS-bone DEM:PL IRR-PFV-2-take.out LNK
Translation: My tomb is there, if you take out my bones, …' (150907 niexiaoqian-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki , aʑo [ki aku ki] pɯpʰɯt ra
Glosses: DEM.PROX 1SG DEM.PROX 1SG.POSS-head DEM.PROX IMP-cut be.needed:FACT
Language: Japhug
Transcription: amaŋ amaŋ , atʰi ki kɯ `aβɣo mɤa<nɯ>tɯɣa tɕe ascawa' ɲɯsɯsɤm ɲɯŋu ɣe
Glosses: INTERJ:SURPRISE INTERJ:SURPRISE downstream DEM.PROX ERG 1SG.POSS-uncle NEG-<auto>meet:FACT-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-poor SENS-think[III] SENS-be SFP
Translation: The one down there, he is thinking `Poor me, I will not meet my lama', isn't he?' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: apa , aki nɯ staʁlupa kɤβde ɯspa nɯ mɤnɯxsi ri ,
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-father down DEM born.in.the.year.of.the.tiger OBJ:PCP-throw.away 3SG.POSS-material DEM NEG-AUTO-GENR:know LNK
Translation: Father, the one down there, I don't know if he is a [boy] born in the year of the Tiger, to be thrown [into the lake], but…' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [sɯkɤku nɯtɕu] ɯpʰe nɯtɕu lozɣɯtndʑi tɕe
Glosses: treetop DEM:LOC 3SG.POSS-DAT DEM:LOC IFR:UPSTREAM-reach-DU LNK
Translation: [The tiger and the fox] arrived at [the place where the one who was] on the treetop [was].' (2012-x1-khu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɯŋgɯ kɤkɯnɯχtɕɤn tɕe tɕe si tʰamtɕɤt kɯ nɯnɯ pjɯkɯsat kɯŋgrɤl ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: forest AOR-SBJ:PCP-be.dangerous LNK LNK tree all ERG DEM IPFV-GENR:S/O-kill SBJ:PCP-be.usually.the.case SENS-be
Translation: The fierce/dangerous forest, it was (a place where) all the trees would kill [people thrown into it].' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora tʰɯdɤni qʰe , kʰa nɯ tʰamtɕɤt mɯɲɯɤmɯxtɕʰɯti qʰe
Glosses: 1PL AOR-be.many-1PL LNK house DEM all NEG-SENS-RECIP-have.enough.place-1PL LNK
Translation: There was more of us [than before], and so many of us could not fit in the house.' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S94"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤtsa ra kɤsɯfse kɯ wuma ʑo pjɤnɯrganɯ
Glosses: parents.and.children PL all ERG really EMPH IFR.IPFV-APPL-like-PL
Translation: Everybody in the family liked her very much.' (140429 qingwa wangzi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003890#S5"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo aʁi nɯra lonba aʑo kɯ tɤnɤpɯpata
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling DEM:PL all 1SG ERG AOR-take.care-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: It was I who took care of all my younger brothers and sisters.' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR4)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [awa nɯ tɕʰi kɯfse ci pɯŋu kɯ] lonba akʰɤcɤl pɯfɕɤt ra
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-father DEM what SBJ:PCP-be.like INDEF PST.IPFV-be SFP all 1SG.POSS-discussion IMP-tell be.needed:FACT
Translation: Tell me all about what happened to my father.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯzda rɯdaʁ ɯkɯndza tʰamtɕɤt nɯnɯra nɯrmi lonba kɯrŋi tukɯti ŋu .
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-companion animal 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-eat all DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-name all beast IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: All those that eat the other animals, their generic name is `beast'.' (150822 kWrNi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [ɯzda ra kɯ~kɯtu] kɯ nɯrʑaβ nanɯɕarnɯ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-companion PL TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-exist ERG 3PL.POSS-wife AOR:3→3-AUTO-look.for-PL SENS-be
Translation: All of his companions took [other women] as their wives.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <wangbapi> nɯ kɯ , tɯrju kɯ~kɯpe , kɯmpɕɤr tʰamtɕɤt spɯ~spe ʑo toti ri
Glosses: ANTHR DEM ERG word TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-be.good SBJ:PCP-be.beautiful all TOTAL~be.able:FACT EMPH IFR-say LNK
Translation: Wang Bapi had said all the nice and pleasant words that he could [to convince the old man].' (150831 jubaopen-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑara kɯ iɕqʰa sɤtɕʰa ɣɯ ɯrɟɤlpu tʰanɯndonɯ ndɤre pʰa mkʰɤrmaŋ ʑo tasɤpenɯ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 3PL ERG the.aforementioned place GEN 3SG.POSS-king AOR:3→3-AUTO-take-PL LNK whole population EMPH AOR:3→3-do.good-PL SENS-be
Translation: They became kings of this place, and treated well the whole population.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma pʰa ɯpʰoŋbu ʑo ɯmdzu tu ri , ɯmat ɯtaʁ ʑo ɯmdzu me ,
Glosses: LNK whole 3SG.POSS-body EMPH 3SG.POSS-thorn exist:FACT LNK 3SG.POSS-fruit 3SG.POSS-on EMPH 3SG.POSS-thorn not.exist:FACT
Translation: It has thorns on its whole body, but no thorns on its fruits.' (15-babW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo_i pʰa ɯ_ipʰoŋbu
Glosses: 3SG whole 3SG.POSS-body
Translation: Its whole body' (several attestations)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsuku tɯrme ra kúwɣmtsɯɣnɯ tɕe mɯ́jʁdɯɣ , tsuku tɯrme ra … kúwɣmtsɯɣnɯ tɕe tɕe , wuma ʑo cʰɯ́wɣznɯɣmbɤβnɯ qʰe ɲɯ́wɣznɯtɯfɕɤlnɯ qʰe kurŋgɯnɯ ɲɯra .
Glosses: some people PL IPFV-INV-bite-PL LNK NEG.SENS-be.serious some people PL _ IPFV-INV-bite-PL LNK LNK really EMPH IPFV-INV-CAUS-swell-PL LNK IPFV-INV-CAUS-have.diarrhea-PL LNK IPFV-lie.down-PL SENS-be.needed
Translation: Some people, when they are stung (by bees) are fine, other people, when they are stung, it causes them swelling and diarrhea and they have to lie down.' (26-ndzWrnaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: `pjɯnɯβlea ɲɯra' ɲɤsɯso tɕe , kɯmtɕʰɯ tsuku ɲɤkʰo tɕe ,
Glosses: IPFV-cheat[III]-1SG SENS-be.needed IFR-think LNK toy some IFR-give LNK
Translation: She thought `Let's cheat him' and gave him some toys.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ri kɯmɯrkɯ tsuku pjɤtunɯ tɕe tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK SBJ:PCP-steal some IFR.IPFV-exist-PL LNK LNK
Translation: There were some thieves.' (X1-khu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsuku tɯrme tɯrdoʁ ɣɯ ɯrɟit , sqafsum jamar , sqamŋu jamar tukɯtu pjɤtu .
Glosses: some person one-piece GEN 3SG.POSS-offspring thirteen about fifteen about IPFV-GENR:S/A-exist IFR.IPFV-exist
Translation: [In] some [cases], a single [woman] had thirteen or fifteen children.' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paʁ rcanɯ , tɯtɯpɯ raŋri kɯ ʑo pjɯχsunɯ ra .
Glosses: pig UNEXP:DEG one-household each ERG EMPH IPFV-raise-PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: Each single household has to raise pigs.' (05-paR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003400#S4"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sqamŋu raŋri ʑo zgo tuɕe pɯŋu ɲɯŋu ,
Glosses: fifteen EACH EMPH mountain IPFV:UP-go PST.IPFV-be SENS-be
Translation: Every fifteen days, she would go up the mountain.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rirɤβ raŋri χsɯtɤxɯr atɤtɯsɯlɤt tɕe ,
Glosses: mountain each three-lap IRR-PFV-2-CAUS-throw LNK
Translation: Drag her three times around each mountain.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa ɯmat raŋri ʑo nɯ ɯru tɯka ntsɯ tu .
Glosses: the.aforementioned 3SG.POSS-fruit each EMPH DEM 3SG.POSS-stalk own always exist:FACT
Translation: Each of its fruits has its own stalk.' (17-thowum)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑakastaka nɯkʰo tɯka pjɤtu tɕe
Glosses: each.his.own 3PL.POSS-room each IFR.IPFV-exist LNK
Translation: Each of them had her own room.' (140508 shie ge tiaowu de gongzhu)