lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Kabeo  nutta hito]ga isuo  nutta nowa naniironi desu ka ?
Glosses: wall-ACC  painted person-NOM chair-ACC  painted COMP-TOP what color COP Q
Translation: *[What color] was it that the person who painted the wall pg painted the chair t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Hanakowa musukoo Taroto naduketa . Marimo musukoo pro/soreto naduketa .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP her son-ACC Taro named Mari-too her son-ACC pro/it named
Translation: Hanako named her son Taro. Mari named her son pro/it, too.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakoga musukoo t naduketa nowa nanto desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako-NOM her son-ACC  named COMP-TOP what COP Q
Translation: What was it that Hanako named her son ?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Mariga  musukoo nadukeru maeni] Hanakoga musukoo  naduketa nowa nanto desu ka ?
Glosses: Mari-NOM  her son-ACC named before Hanako-NOM her son-ACC  named COMP-TOP what COP Q
Translation: What was it that Hanako named her son t before Mari named her son t?
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: *Hanakowa kousite sono teirio syomeisita . Tarowa kono teirio pro/soosite syomeisita .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM in this way that theorem-ACC proved Taro-NOM this theorem-ACC pro/in that way proved
Translation: Hanako proved that theorem this way. Taro proved this theorem pro/in that way.
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: Hanakoga sono teirio t syoomeisita nowa dooyatte desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako-NOM that theorem-ACC  proved COMP-TOP how COP Q
Translation: How was it that Hanako proved that theorem?
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: *[Sono teirio  syoomeisita hito]ga kono teirimo  syoomeisita nowa dooyatte desu ka ?
Glosses: that theorem-ACC  proved person-NOM this theorem-too  proved COMP-TOP how COP Q
Translation: How was it that the person who proved that theorem pg proved this theorem t?
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: *Syatyooga Taroo kousita riyuude kaiko sita . Syatyowa Hanakomo pro/sorede kaikosiyooto siteiru .
Glosses: president-NOM Taro-ACC these reason fired  president-TOP Hanako-too pro/for that reason trying to fire being
Translation: The president fired Taro for these reasons. He is trying to Hanako pro/for it, too.
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: Syatyooga Taroo t kaikosita nowa naze/dooyuu riyuu de desu ka ?
Glosses: president-NOM Taro-ACC  fired COMP-TOP why/what reason  COP Q
Translation: Why/For what reason was it that the president fired Taro t?
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: *[Taroo  kaikosita hito]ga Hanakomo  kaikosiyooto siteiru nowa naze/dooyuu riyuu de desu ka ?
Glosses: Taro-ACC  fired person-NOM Hanako-too  is trying to fire COMP-TOP why/for what reason  COP Q
Translation: Why/For what reason is it that the person who fired Taro is trying to fire Hanako, too?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarowa [suugakuo] [jukude] benkyoosite [kasikoku] natta .
Glosses: Taro-TOP math-ACC cram school-LOC studied and smart became
Translation: Taro studied math at cram school and became smart.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [Hanako kara [ sigotoo yameru toyuu] uwasao kiita hito]ga  atta nowa dareni desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako from  job-ACC quits COMP rumor-ACC heard person-NOM  saw NL-TOP who-DAT COP Q
Translation: Who was it that the person who heard from Hanako the rumor that pg would quit his job saw t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Sono teirio  syoomeisita hito]ga kono teirimo t syoomeisita nowa dooyatte desu ka ?
Glosses: that theorem-ACC  proved person-NOM this theorem-too  proved COMP-TOP how COP Q
Translation: How was it that the person who proved that theorem pg proved this theorem t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Taroo  kaikosita hito]ga Hanakomo t kaikosiyooto siteiru nowa naze/dooyuu riyuu de desu ka ?
Glosses: Taro-ACC  fired person-NOM Hanako-too  is trying to fire COMP-TOP why/for what reason  COP Q
Translation: Why/For what reason is it that the person who fired Taro pg is trying to fire Hanako t, too?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dorekurai hayaku Taroowa hasitta no ?
Glosses: how fast Taro-TOP ran Q
Translation: How fast did Taro run?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Donna kerio Tarowa sono mondaini tuketa no ?
Glosses: what kind of end-ACC Taro-TOP that problem-to attached Q
Translation: lit. What end did Taro attached to that problem?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?* [Soituno hahaoya]ga dareo aisiteru no ?
Glosses:  that guy-GEN mother-NOM who-ACC love Q
Translation: His mother loves who?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dareo [soituno hahaoya]ga aisiteru no ?
Glosses: who-ACC that guy-GEN mother-NOM love Q
Translation: Who his mother loves t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Dareo [hazimete  atta] hitoga [ Johnga  kenasita to] itteita no ?
Glosses: who-ACC for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  John-NOM  criticized COMP said Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw for the first time say that John had criticized?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [e] wa[[ [hazimete pg atta] hitoga dareo kenasita no] desu] ka
Glosses:  TOP for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM who-ACC criticized NL COP Q
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dareo [hazimete  atta] hitoga  kenasita no desu ka ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticize NL COP Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription:  Tarowa [darega tukutta] udono tabemasita ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-TOP who made udon-ACC ate Q
Translation: For which person x, Taro ate udon such that x made?
Language: Japanese
Transcription:  Tarowa [darega tabetagatta kara] udono tukurimasita ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-TOP who want to eat because udon-ACC made Q
Translation: For which person x, Taro made udon because x wanted to eat?
Language: Japanese
Transcription:  [Dareo izimeta hito ]ga sikarareta no ?
Glosses:  who bullied person -NOM be scolded Q
Translation: For which person x, the person bullied x and was scolded?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dareo [hazimete  atta] hitoga t kenasita no desu ka ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticize NL COP Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Darega [ iiyoru danseiniyotte] t korosaremasita ka ?
Glosses: who  advancing man-DAT-by  be killed Q
Translation: Who was killed by a man advancing to her?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [Hazimete  atta hito]ga  kenasita nowa dare desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw pg for the first time criticized t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: ??Maryni Johnga hanao okuri , Tomga nagusameta .
Glosses: Mary-DAT John-NOM flower-ACC give Tom-NOM comforted
Translation: (To) Mary, John give a flower and Tom comforted.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: ??Maryo Johnga dansuni sasoi , Tomga rabu retaao kaita .
Glosses: Mary-DAT John-NOM dance-to invite Tom-NOM love letter-ACC wrote
Translation: (To) Mary, John invited to a dance, and Tom wrote a love letter.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Niwani Taroga imasu .
Glosses: garden-LOC Taro-NOM exists
Translation: There is Taro in the garden.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Niwani kare/soituga imasu .
Glosses: garden-LOC he/that guy-NOM exists
Translation: There is him/that guy in the garden.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Kare/soituwa niwani imasu .
Glosses: he/that guy-TOP niwa-LOC exists
Translation: (lit.) As for him/that guy, he exists in the garden.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ngh è rivàgghi na fjola .
Glosses: LOC is arrived-LOC a girl
Translation: There arrived a girl (here).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ngh è fundàgghi na nave .
Glosses: LOC is sunk-LOC a ship
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ngh è partègghi na fjola .
Glosses: LOC is left-LOC a girl
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: habe gehabt ha(t)te
Glosses: /haːb-ə/ /gə-haːb-t/ /ha-tə/
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hat gehabt ha(t)te
Glosses: /ha-t/ /gə-haːb-t/ /ha-tə/
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Haganlo !1 [imperative]
Glosses: do.IMP-2PL-CL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hacerlo [infinitive]
Glosses: do-INF-CL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: haciendolo [gerund]
Glosses: do-GRND-CL 
Translation: doing it
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Haganlon ! [doubling]
Glosses: do.IMP-2PL-CL-n
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Hagalon ! [displacement]
Glosses: do.IMP-CL-N
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hagamo(s)lon /* hagamoslomos [doubling]
Glosses: do.IMP-1PL-CL-N /   do.IMP-1PL-CL-1PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *hagalon /*hagalomos [displacement]
Glosses: do.IMP-CL-N (1PL) /  do.IMP-CL-1PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: decídmen /*decídmed [doubling]
Glosses: say.IMP-2PL-CL-N /  say.IMP-2PL-CL-2PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ??decímen /*decímed [displacement]
Glosses: say.IMP-CL-N /  say.IMP-CL-2PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hacerlon /*hacerlor [doubling]
Glosses: do-INF-CL-N /  do-INF-CL-INF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ??hacelon /*hacelor [displacement]9
Glosses: do-CL-N /  do-CL-INF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: haciendolon /*hacienndolondo [doubling]
Glosses: do-GRND-CL-N / do-GRND-CL-GRND
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *hacielon /*hacielondo [displacement]
Glosses: do-CL-N /  do-CL-GRND
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *hagamoslomos [doubling]
Glosses: do.IMP-1PL-CL-1PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *hagalomos [displacement]
Glosses: do.IMP-CL-1PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: purtæd’dimǝ lǝ
Glosses: bring-CL-1PL it/them
Translation: Let us bring it/them to him/her/them!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pueden comprarlon . [raising structures]
Glosses: can.2/3PL buy.INF-CL-N 
Translation: They/You can buy it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Siguen haciendolon .
Glosses: go on.2/3PL do.GRND-CL-N
Translation: They/You keep on doing it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Juraron hacerlon . [subject/object control constructions]
Glosses: swear.2/3PL do.INF-CL-N 
Translation: They/You swore to do it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Obligó a los trabajadores a hacerlon .
Glosses: compel.3SG the workers to do.INF-CL-N
Translation: They/You obliged the workers to do it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: para no matarsen con la mentira .
Glosses: to not kill.INF-CL-N with the lie
Translation: They hurt each other with the truth so as not to kill each other with lies.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ellos reaccionan pegándolen . [adverbial gerund constructions]
Glosses: they react.PRS.3PL kick.GRND-CL-N 
Translation: They react kicking them.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: gusta bañarsen .
Glosses: like.PRS swim.INF-CL-N
Translation: The boys like swimming
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Diganlen a [los chicos].
Glosses: say.IMP-2PL-CL.PL-N to the-PL boy-PL
Translation: Say it to the boys.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Digansenlo a [los chicos].
Glosses: say.IMP-2PL-CL.PL-N-CL.ACC to the-PL boy-PL
Translation: Say it to the boys.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Diganoslon !
Glosses: say-CL.1PL-CL-N
Translation: Say it to us!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Si no [los] quieren , denoslon !
Glosses: If not CL.ACC-PL want, give.IMP-CL.1PL-CL.ACC.PL-N
Translation: If you don’t want them, give them to us!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Demosle !
Glosses: give.IMP-1PL-CL
Translation: Let’s give her/him (something)!
Language: Caribbean Spanish
Transcription: Demoles !
Glosses: give.IMP.1PL-CL-S
Translation: Let’s give her/him (something)!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Denoslo !
Glosses: give.IMP.2PL/SG-CL.1PL-CL.3SG
Translation: Give us it!
Language: Caribbean Spanish
Transcription: Denolos .
Glosses: give.IMP.2PL/SG-CL.1PL-CL.3SG-S
Translation: Give us it!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Noslo dan .
Glosses: CL.1PL-CL3SG give.2/3PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nolos dan .
Glosses: CL.1PL-CL3SG-S give.2/3PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *No(s)lon dan .
Glosses: CL.1PL-CL3SG-N give.2/3PL
Translation: You/They give it to us.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eso diganselos [a los estudiantes .]
Glosses: this say.IMP-2PL-CL.PL-CL.SG-S to the students
Translation: Say that to the students.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eso diganselon [a los estudiantes .]
Glosses: this say.IMP-2PL-CL.PL-CL.SG-N to the students
Translation: Say that to the students.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eso se los dicen a los estudiantes .
Glosses: this CL.PL CL.SG-S say.2/3PL to the students
Translation: You/They say this to the students.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cantemo . (cantemos ‘let’s sing’ in standard Spanish)
Glosses: sing.IMP-1(PL)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Diganle [a los niños]. (diganles ‘tell them’ in standard Spanish)18
Glosses: say.IMP-2PL-CL to the boys 
Translation: Say it to the boys!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Diganlen [a los niños].
Glosses: say.IMP-2PL-CL.PL-N to the boys
Translation: Say it to the boys!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Digalen [a los niños].
Glosses: do.IMP-CL-N to the boys
Translation: Say it to the boys!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Digales . (referring to 2PL)
Glosses: say.IMP-CL-S
Translation: Say it to them!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Observad y decidmen qué opinais
Glosses: lood.IMP-2PL and tell.IMP-2PL-CL-N what think.2PL
Translation: Take a look and tell me what you think about it’ https://charhadas.com/articulo/2850542-puertas-que-invitan-a-sonar
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Por favor , ayudadmen decidmen…
Glosses: please, help.IMP-2PL-CL-N tell.IMP-2PL-CL-N
Translation: Please, help me. Tell me…’ https://www.tuexperto.com/2012/05/31/sony-xperia-acro-s-analisis-a-fondo/
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Diganlen a [los niños].
Glosses: say.IMP-2PL-CL.PL-N to the boys
Translation: Say it to the boys!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Digalen a [los cordobeses].
Glosses: say.IMP-CL.PL-N to the people-from-Córdoba
Translation: Say it to people from Córdoba!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tu puedes hacerlon
Glosses: you can-2SG do.INF-CL-N
Language: German Sign Language
Transcription: FRAU (IXrt) | TELLER (IXfr) | LECKteller
Glosses: woman she plate it lick-plate
Translation: a. ‘A woman is there. A plate is there. (She) licks the plate.’ b. ‘The woman licked the plate.
Language: German Sign Language
Transcription:   MANN IXlf SCHÜTTELlf WACHlf 
Glosses: the woman man him shake-him awake-him she
Translation: #‘The woman shook the man awake, she did.’ ?‘The woman shook the man. She woke up.
Language: German Sign Language
Transcription: IX .2 LÖFFEL IXlf [PRO FLACHlf] HÄMMERlf KANN
Glosses: you spoon the  flat hammer can
Translation: You can hammer the spoon flat.
Language: German Sign Language
Transcription: LÖFFEL IXlf HÄMMERlf [PRO FLACHlf] WER
Glosses: spoon the hammer  flat who
Translation: Who hammered the spoon flat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: MARY LICK PLATE NOTRACELEFT
Glosses:  cause result
Translation: Mary licked the plate clean/empty.
Language: German Sign Language
Transcription: IX2 LÖFFEL IXlf FLACHlf HÄMMERlf KANN
Glosses: you spoon it/the flat hammer can
Translation: You can hammer the spoon flat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: t SUSI IXfr TASCHE GEBURTSTAG GEBfr WER
Glosses:  Susi she purse birthday give who
Translation: Who gave Susi a purse for her birthday?
Language: Polish
Transcription: Wiem , że wygraliśmy/łyśmy .
Glosses: know.1SG that win.PART.VIR.PL-1/PART.NVIR.PL-1
Translation: I know that we won.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Wiem , żeśmy wygrali/ły .
Glosses: know.1SG that-1 win.PART./PART . 
Translation: I know that we won.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chcę , żebyś przestał mi przeszkadzać .
Glosses: want.1SG that stop.PART.M.SG I.DAT disturb.INF
Translation: I want you to stop disturbing me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Chcę , że przestałbyś mi przeszkadzać .
Glosses: want.1SG that stop.PART.M.SG I.DAT disturb.INF
Translation: I want you to stop disturbing me.
Language: Polish
Transcription: *Chcę , żebyś przestałeś mi przeszkadzać .
Glosses: want.1SG that stop.PART . I.DAT disturb.INF
Translation: I want you to stop disturbing me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ich dink des/*det doow en ich ôs kenne treffe .
Glosses: I think that-2SG/that you.2SG and I each.other can.PL meet
Translation: I think that you and I can meet.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Chcę żebyś przyszła na wykład .
Glosses: want.1SG that.COND-2 came . to lecture
Translation: I want you to come to the lecture.
Language: Polish
Transcription: *Ja iśmy Maria poszły na wykład .
Glosses: I and-1 Maria went.NVIR.PL to lecture
Translation: Maria and I went to the lecture.
Language: Polish
Transcription: *[Ja i Maria]śmy poszły na wykład .
Glosses: I and Maria-1 went.NVIR.PL to lecture
Translation: Maria and I went to the lecture.
Language: Polish
Transcription: żebyś on/ona/my i ty
Glosses: that.COND-2 he/she/we and you
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: Dórának NewYorkba kell mennie . (deont)
Glosses: Dóra.DAT New-York.ILL must go.INF.3SG
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: Dórának nagyon kell szeretnie NewYorkot ! (epist)
Glosses: Dóra.DAT much must like.INF.3SG New-York.ACC
Translation: Dóra must really like New-York!
Language: Min Dong Chinese
Transcription: Huoche yidingᴰ yaoᴰ kai le , women dei yizhao shijianbiao fache . (deont)
Glosses: Train obligatorily YAO start Inc we have.to according.to time-table launch
Translation: The train mustᴰ leave, so it has to launch according to the time table.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gagner 30 sur un terrain aussi difficile , ça ne peut pas être banal .19
Glosses: win-.NF 3-0 on a ground so difficult, that NEG can not be unimpressive
Translation: To win 3-0 on such a difficult field cannot be unimpressive.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Puissetelle gagner une médaille !
Glosses: can.SUBJ she win a medal
Translation: May she win a medal!
Language: French
Transcription: *La semaine prochaine , puissetelle obtenir une médaille !
Glosses: the week next may.SUBJ she get.INF a medal
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ne mangetelle pas de bonbons ?
Glosses: NE eat-she NEG of sweets
Translation: Doesn’t she eat sweets?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Puissiezvous  avoir raison !
Glosses: can.SUBJ.2PL you have right
Translation: May you be right!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ne puissiezvous  pas avoir raison !
Glosses: NEG can.SUBJ.2PL you not have right
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ne pouvezvous pas venir ?
Glosses: NEG can you not come
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mettonsnous au travail !
Glosses: Put.1PL us to work
Translation: Let’s get to work!
Language: French
Transcription: *La boîte rouge , prends(la)!
Glosses: the box red take.IMP (it)
Language: French
Transcription: *La boîte rouge , prenons(la)!29
Glosses: the box red take.IMP.1PL (it)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Puissiezvous  ne ´pas avoir raison (mais entièrement raison !)
Glosses: Can.SUBJ.2PL you NEG not have right but entirely right
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Puissiezvous  ne ´pas entendre une bêtise !
Glosses: can.SUBJ.2PL you NEG not hear a stupidity
Translation: May you nót hear something stupid’!
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga eigoo/ga hanaseru .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM English-ACC.NOM speak-can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can speak English.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga migimedakeo tumureru .
Glosses: John-NOM right.eye-only-ACC close-can-PRES
Translation: John can close only his right eye.’ (i) can > only (John can wink his right eye.) (ii) ?*only > can (It is only his right eye that he can close.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga migimedakega tumureru .
Glosses: John-NOM right.eye-only-NOM close-can-PRES
Translation: John can close only his right eye.’ (i) *can > only (ii) only > can
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnwa migimedakeo tumuru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: John-TOP right.eye-only-ACC close-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: John can close only his right eye.’ (i) can > only (ii) ?*only > can
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnwa migimedakega tumuru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: John-TOP right.eye-only-NOM close-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: John can close only his right eye.’ (i) *can > only (ii) only > can
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Watasiwa [eigoo ryuutyooni hanasu koto] to [pianoo ryootede hiku koto]ga dekiru .
Glosses: I-TOP English-ACC fluently speak NMLZ and piano-ACC both.hands-with play NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: I can speak English fluently and play the piano with both hands.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Watasiwa eigoga ryuutyooni hanasu koto to pianoga ryootede hiku kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: I-TOP English-NOM fluently speak NMLZ and piano-NOM both.hands-with play NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: I can speak English fluently and play the piano with both hands.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa [Hanakoga gohano zenbu tabetesimatta koto]ni mattaku harao tatenakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-NOM rice-ACC all ate NMLZ-DAT at.all belly-ACC make.stand.up-not-past
Translation: Taroo did not get angry at all at Hanako’s eating all the rice.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Taroowa [Hanakoga gohano tabenai koto]ni mattaku harao tateta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-NOM rice-ACC eat-not NMLZ-DAT at.all belly-ACC make.stand.up-past
Translation: Lit. ‘Taroo got angry at all at Hanako’s not eating rice.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa [Hanakoga mattaku gohano tabenai koto]ni harao tateta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-NOM at-all rice-ACC eat-not NMLZ-DAT belly-ACC make.stand.up-past
Translation: Taroo got angry at Hanako’s not eating rice at all.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa [mattaku migimeo tumuranai koto]ga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP at.all right.eye-ACC close-not NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo is able not to close his right eye at all.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Taroowa [mattaku migimega tumuranai koto]ga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP at.all right.eye-NOM close-not NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo is able not to close his right eye at all.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa migimega [mattaku tumuranai koto]ga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP right.eye-NOM at.all close-not NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo is able not to close his right eye at all.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Johnwa migimedakega₁ [PRO pro₁ tumur]eru .
Glosses: John-TOP right.eye-only-NOM close-can-PRES
Translation: John can close only his right eye.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Johnwa migimedakega₁ [PRO pro₁ tumuru] kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: John-TOP right.eye-only-NOM close-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: John can close only his right eye.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga Hanakoni₁ zibun₁no migitedakega agesaseru kotoga dekita .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM Hanako-DAT self-GEN right.hand-only-NOM raise-cause-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-past
Translation: Lit. ‘Taroo could make Hanako₁ raise only self₁’s right hand.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Zibun₁no senseiwa Hanako₁ni mondaio tokaseta .
Glosses: self₁-GEN teacher-TOP Hanako₁-DAT question-ACC answer-cause-past
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [Hanakoni]₁ senseiwa t₁ mondaio tokaseta .
Glosses: Hanako-DAT teacher-TOP  question-ACC answer-cause-past
Translation: The teacher made Hanako answer the question.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga migimedakega tumurenai .
Glosses: John-NOM right.eye-only-NOM close-can-not-PRES
Translation: John cannot close only his right eye.’ (only > not > can)
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga Hankoni hihansareta .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM Hanako-DAT criticize-PASS-past
Translation: Taroo was criticized by Hanako.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakowa [Tarooga nanio katta to mo] omowanakatta .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP Taroo-NOM what-ACC buy-past that PART think-not-past
Translation: Hanako did not think that Taroo bought anything.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Darega waraimo sinakatta .
Glosses: who-NOM laugh-PART do-not-past
Translation: Nobody laughed.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa dareni aimo sinakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP who-DAT see-PART do-not-past
Translation: Taroo did not meet anyone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Koremade darega kangaemo sinakatta aidia
Glosses: this.till who-NOM think-PART do-not-past idea
Translation: the idea which nobody has ever thought of
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Watasiwa dareni [koi to mo] itteinai .
Glosses: I-TOP who-DAT come that PART said-have.not
Translation: I haven’t said to anyone to come.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga nattooo tabe , Jirooga koohiio nomu yooni natta .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM nattoo-ACC eat Jiroo-NOM coffee-ACC drink-PRES COMP happened
Translation: It happened that Taroo ate nattoo and Jiroo drank coffee.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Tarooga Hanakoni nattooo tabe , Johnga Maryni koohiio nomu yooni itta .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM Hanako-DAT nattoo-ACC eat John-NOM Mary-DAT coffee-ACC drink COMP told
Translation: Taroo told Hanako to eat nattoo and John told Mary to drink coffee.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakowa gakuhuga surasurato yomu kotoga deki , pianoga ryoootede hiku kotoga dekiru yooni natta .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP score-NOM easily read-PRES NMLZ-NOM can piano-NOM both.hands-with play-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES COMP happened
Translation: It happened that Hanako was able to read scores easily and play the piano by both hands.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tarooga okanega hosii/hituyooda/aru .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM money-NOM want/need-be/have
Translation: Taroo {wants/needs/has} some money.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa issyookenmei benkyoosuru kotoo kokoromita .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP hard study-PRES NMLZ-ACC try-past
Translation: Taroo tried to work hard.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa migimedakega tumuru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP right.eye-only-NOM close-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can close only his right eye.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa darenimo awanakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP who-DAT-PART see-not-past
Translation: Taroo did not see anyone.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Taroowa darenimo atta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP who-DAT-PART see-past
Translation: Lit. ‘Taroo saw anyone.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Taroowa [Hanakoga darenimo au to] iwanakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-NOM who-DAT-PART see that say-not-past
Translation: Taroo did not say that Hanako would see anyone.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga nanimo yomanakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM what-PART read-not-past
Translation: Taroo did not read anything.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Taroowa [darenimo purezentoo ageru koto]o kokorominakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP who-DAT-PART present-ACC give-PRES NMLZ-ACC try-not-past
Translation: Taroo didn’t try to give a present to anyone.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa [darenimo purezentoo ageru koto]ga dekinai .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP who-DAT-PART present-ACC give-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-not
Translation: Taroo can’t give a present to anyone.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Darenimo purezentoo ageru koto]ga kokoromirarenakatta .
Glosses: who-DAT-PART present-ACC give-PRES NMLZ-NOM try-PASS-not-past
Translation: Lit. ‘It was not tried to give a present to anyone.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga katta hon
Glosses: Taroo-NOM bought book
Translation: the book Taroo bought
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroono katta hon
Glosses: Taroo-GEN bought book
Translation: the book Taroo bought
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Konohono/*ga Tarooga yonda .
Glosses: this-book-ACC.NOM Taroo-NOM read-past
Translation: Taroo read this book.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tarooga migimedakeo tumuru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM right.eye-only-ACC close-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can close only his right eye.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [ [ Konohono/*ga ₁ [ Tarooga [ t₁ yon]]]da].
Glosses:  this-book-ACC/NOM Taroo-NOM read-past
Translation: Taroo read this book.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa migimedakeo/*ga tumuru kotoo kokoromita .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP right.eye-only-ACC/NOM close-PRES NMLZ-ACC try-past
Translation: Taroo tried to close only his right eye.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa [eigoga/*no hanasu koto]ga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP English-NOM.GEN speak-PRES NMLZ.NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can speak English.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa [Hanakoga/no kaetta koto]o sitta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-NOM.GEN left NMLZ-ACC knew
Translation: Taroo knew that Hanako left.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroono/ga honega oreta .
Glosses: Taroo-GEN.NOM bone-NOM break-past
Translation: Taroo’s bone broke.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Subeteno gakuseiga sonohono yomanakatta .
Glosses: all-GEN student-NOM the-book-ACC read-not-past
Translation: All the students did not read the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga migimedakeo tumurenai .
Glosses: John-NOM rightv.eye-only-ACC close-can-not-PRES
Translation: John cannot close only his right eye.’ (not > can > only)
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Johnga subeteno hono yomenai .
Glosses: John-NOM all-GEN book-ACC read-can-not-PRES
Translation: John cannot read all the books.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa darekani 40izyoono sigotoo makaseru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP someone-DAT more.than.40-GEN job-ACC leave-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can leave someone more than 40 jobs.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa darekani 40izyoono sigotoga makaseru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP someone-DAT more.than.40-GEN job-NOM leave-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can leave someone more than 40 jobs.
Language: Paakantyi
Transcription: Taroowa ryuutyooni Kankokugoo hanasu kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP fluently Korean-ACC speak-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can speak Korean fluently.
Language: Paakantyi
Transcription: ??/*Taroowa ryuutyooni Kankokugoga hanasu kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP fluently Korean-NOM speak-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can speak Korean fluently.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tarooga Hanakoni zibunno migitedakega agesaserareta .
Glosses: Taroo-NOM Hanako-DAT self-GEN right.hand-only-NOM raise-cause-can-past
Translation: Lit. ‘Taroo could make Hanako raise only self’s right hand.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa sono sigotoga Hanakoni makaseru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP that job-NOM Hanako-DAT leave-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can leave the job to Hanako.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: ??Taroowa Hanakoni sono sigotoga makaseru kotoga dekiru .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-DAT that job-NOM leave-PRES NMLZ-NOM can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can leave the job to Hanako.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Eigoga hanase]sae₁ Kaiga t₁ sita .
Glosses: English-NOM speak-can-even Kai-NOM did 
Translation: Even to be able to speak English, Kai managed.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroowa Hanakoga kaetta kotoo sitta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP Hanako-NOM left NMLZ-ACC knew
Translation: Taroo knew that Hanako left.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroosika konakatta .
Glosses: Taroo-only come-not-past
Translation: Only Taroo came.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Taroosika kita .
Glosses: Taroo-only come-past
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [t₁ tumuru kotoga]₂ Taroowa migimedakega₁ t₂ dekiru .
Glosses:  close NMLZ-NOM Taroo-TOP right.eye-only-NOM  can-PRES
Translation: Taroo can close only his right eye.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Maryga t₁ yonda to]₂ sono hono₁ Johnga t₂ itta (koto).
Glosses: Mary-NOM read that that book-ACC John-NOM said fact
Translation: (the fact that) John said that Mary read that book.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakoni purezentoo/*ga ageru kotoga kokoromirareta .
Glosses: Hanako-DAT present-ACC/NOM give-PRES NMLZ-NOM try-PASS-past
Translation: Lit. ‘It was tried to give a present to Hanako.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [kotosi sinjuno yasukunaru] kanoosee
Glosses: this.year pearl-GEN cheap-become possibility
Translation: the possibility that pearl will become cheap this year
Language: Japanese
Transcription: kinoo Tarooga/*no wagayani kita koto
Glosses: yesterday Taroo-NOM.GEN my-house-to came fact
Translation: the fact that Taroo came to my house yesterday
Language: Japanese
Transcription: natuyasumino aidani Tarooga/*no daizina zikkenni sippaisita kanoosei
Glosses: summer-break-GEN during Taroo-NOM.GEN important experiment-at failed possibility
Translation: the possibility that Taroo failed an important experiment during the summer break
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Barnið lét ekki í ljós [að það hefði verið hugsað vel um sig].
Glosses: child.DEF put not in light that there had-SBJV been thought well about ANAPH
Translation: [The child] didn’t reveal [ that she had been taken good care of].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Barnið bar þess ekki merki [að það hefði verið hugsað vel um sig].
Glosses: child.DEF bore of it not signs that there had-SBJV been thought well about ANAPH
Translation: [The child] didn’t look [ as if she had been taken good care of].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Han drar den mot seg .
Glosses: He[NOM] pull-PRS it towards ANAPH
Translation: He pulls it towards himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Forbrukerrådet argumenterer mot [seg selv]
Glosses: consumer.council-DEF argue-PRS against ANAPH self . 
Translation: [The consumer council] argues against itself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Iinkaiga zibuno erabI soo ni natta toki , Takasiwa huanni natta .
Glosses: committee[NOM] ANAPH-ACC elect likely become-PST when Takasi-TOP worried become-PST
Translation: When it came to be likely that the committee might elect self, Takashi became anxious.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Iinkaiga zibuno erabi soo ni natta toki , Takasiwa gussuri nemutteita .
Glosses: committee[NOM] ANAPH-ACC elect likely become-PST when Takasi-TOP fast asleep be-PST
Translation: When it came to be likely that the committee might elect self, Takashi was fast asleep.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lapropria moglie preoccupa molto Gianni .
Glosses: self’s wife worries a lot Gianni
Translation: Gianni is worried by self’s wife.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Naan [ Seetha tannæ paarttaaɭ ŭnnŭ] sonneen .
Glosses: I[NOM]  Seetha[NOM] ANAPH-ACC see-PST-3FSG COMP say-PST-1SG
Translation: I said [ that Seetha saw me].’ (Intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Nii [ pasaŋgaɭ tannæ aɖittaaŋ gaɭŭnnŭ] nenettaaj .
Glosses: You[NOM]  boys-PL[NOM] ANAPH-ACC hit-PST-3M PL-COMP think-PST-2SG
Translation: You thought [ that the boys hit you].’ (Intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman tannooɖæ eɖædŭpakkattŭlæ irŭndæ paambæ konnaan .
Glosses: Raman ANAPH-DAT left-side-LOC be-PST-REL snake-ACC kill-PST-3MSG
Translation: Raman killed the snake that was to his left.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman avanŭkkŭ eɖædŭpakkattŭlæ irŭndæ paambæ konnaan .
Glosses: Raman he-DAT left-side-LOC be-PST-REL snake-ACC kill-PST-3MSG
Translation: Raman killed the snake (that was) to his left.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Andæ muʈʈaaɭ neʤamaavee schoolæ viʈʈaanaa ?
Glosses: that idiot[NOM] really-EMPH school-ACC leave-PST-3MSG-Q
Translation: Had that idiot really dropped out of school?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taan andæ muʈʈaaɭæ patti kanavŭkaɳɖaanaa ?
Glosses: ANAPH.NOM that idiot-SG.ACC about dream-PST-3MSG-Q
Translation: Had he dreamed about [that idiot]?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Kuuɖam [PRO tannæ electsejjæ] varampoɻŭdŭ] Raman kavalæpaɖæaarambiččaar .
Glosses: committee[NOM]  ANAPH.NOM elect-do-INF come-when Raman[NOM] worry-do-start-PST-3HON.MSG
Translation: When the committee was about to elect him, Raman started worrying.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Kuuɖam [PRO avaɻæ electsejjæ] varampoɻŭdŭ] Raman tuuŋgikkoɳɖirundaar .
Glosses: committee[NOM]  he.HON.NOM elect-do-INF come-when Raman[NOM] sleep-PST-ASP-COP-PST-3HON.MSG
Translation: When the committee was about to elect him, Raman slept.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Kuuɖam [PRO tannæ electsejjæ] varampoɻŭdŭ] Raman tuuŋgikkoɳɖirundaar .
Glosses: committee[NOM]  ANAPH.NOM elect-do-INF come-when Raman[NOM] sleep-PST-ASP-COP-PST-3HON.MSG
Translation: When the committee was about to elect him, Raman slept.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ramanŭkkŭ [taan ʤejččæ višijamee] terijaadŭ .
Glosses: Raman-DAT ANAPH[NOM] win-INF news-EMPH know-NEG
Translation: Raman didn’t even know [ of his having won].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Raman Anandkiʈʈæ [ Seetha tannæ kaappaattinaaɭŭnnŭ] sonnaannnŭ] Krishnan paarttaan .
Glosses:  Raman[NOM] Anand-ALL  Seetha[NOM] ANAPH-ACC save-PST-3FSG-COMP] say-PST-3MSG-COMP Krishnan[NOM] saw-PST-3MSG
Translation: Krishnan saw [ that Raman told Anand [ that Seetha saved him]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Krishnan [ Seetha tannæ kaadalikkiraaɭŭnnŭ] Ramanæ nenekkavejttaan .
Glosses: Krishnan[NOM]  Seetha[NOM] ANAPH-ACC love-PRS-3FSG-COMP Raman-ACC think-CAUS-PST-3MSG
Translation: Krishnan made Raman believe [ that Seetha loved him].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Taan avvaɭavŭ eeɻæjaaga irŭndadŭ] [ Ramanooɖæ aɳɳaavæ] rombævee baadijirŭkkiradŭ .]
Glosses:  ANAPH[NOM] so poor-ADJ be-PST-3NSG.NOM  Raman-GEN brother-ACC very-EMPH affect-be-PRS-3NSG
Translation: [ His having been so poor] has really affected [ [ Raman]’s brother].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Seethavŭkkŭ oɳɳum purijalæ . Taan maʈʈum een ivvaɭavŭ kašʈappaɖaɳum ?
Glosses: Seetha-DAT anything understand-NEG . ANAPH.NOM alone why this.much suffer-must
Translation: Seetha didn’t understand at all. Why must she alone suffer this much?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Raman tannæ paarttaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM] ANAPH-ACC see-PST-3MSG
Translation: Intended: ‘Raman saw himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Nii parisæ tookkapoo rænnŭ] avan nambinaan .
Glosses: you[NOM] prize-ACC lose.go PRS-2SG-COMP he[NOM] believe-PST-3MSG
Translation: He believed [ that you would lose the prize].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Avaɭ parisæ tookkapoo raaɭŭnnŭ] avan nambinaan .
Glosses: she[NOM] prize-ACC lose.go PRS-3FSG-COMP he[NOM] believe-PST-3MSG
Translation: He believed [ that she would lose the prize].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Avaɭ [ avan [ taan parisæ tookkapoogiraaɭnnŭ] nambinaanŭnnŭ] [pasaŋgaɭkiʈʈæ] kaaʈʈinaaɭ .
Glosses: she[NOM]  he[NOM]  ANAPH[NOM] prize-ACC lose.go-PRS-3FSG-COMP believe-PST-3MSG-COMP boy-3PL-ALL show-PST-3FSG
Translation: She showed [the boys] [ that he believed [ that herself/*himself/*themselves would lose the prize]].’ (literal)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Avaɭ [ avan [ taan parisæ tookkapoogiraannnŭ] nambinaanŭnnŭ] [pasaŋgaɭkiʈʈæ] kaaʈʈinaaɭ .
Glosses: she[NOM]  he[NOM]  ANAPH[NOM] prize-ACC lose.go-PRS-3MSG-COMP believe-PST-3MSG boy-3PL-ALL show-PST-3FSG
Translation: She showed [the boys] [ that he believed [ that himself/*herself/*themselves would lose the prize]].’ (literal)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Koɻændæ naɖandadæpatti joosiččadŭ . Taan een kašʈappaʈʈadŭ ?
Glosses: the.child[NOM] happening-ACC-about reflect-PST-3NSG . ANAPH[NOM] why suffer-PST-3NSG
Translation: The child reflected about what had happened. Why had itself suffered?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman [ taan viiʈʈŭkkŭ tanijaa pooreennnŭ] sonnaan .
Glosses: Raman  ANAPH[NOM] house-DAT alone go-PRS-1SG-COMP say-PST-3MSG-COMP
Translation: LITERAL: ‘Raman said [CP that self am going home alone].’ READING: ‘Raman said [CP that he is going home alone].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman [ Krishnan [ taan Seethavæ kaadalikkireen/*aannnŭ] sonnaannnŭ] sonnaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM]  Krishnan[NOM]  ANAPH[NOM] Seetha-ACC love-PRS-1SG/*3MSG-COMP say-PST-3MSG-COMP overhear-PST-3MSG
Translation: Raman said [ that Krishnan said [ that he loves Seetha]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman [ Krishnan [ taan Seethavæ kaadalikkiraan/*eennnŭ] sonnaannnŭ] sonnaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM]  Krishnan[NOM]  ANAPH[NOM] Seetha-ACC love-PRS-3MSG/*1SG-COMP say-PST-3MSG-COMP say-PST-3MSG
Translation: Raman said [ that Krishnan said [ that he loves Seetha]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pasaŋgaɭ [taaŋgaɭ viiʈʈŭkkŭ tanijaa pooroomŭnnŭ] sonnaaŋgaɭ .
Glosses: boy-PL.NOM [ANAPH-PL.NOM home-DAT alone go-PRS-1PL-COMP] say-PST-3M-PL
Translation: Literal: ‘The boys said [ that themselves are going home alone].’ Reading: ‘The boys said [ that they are going home alone].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nii [ nii viiʈʈŭkkŭ tanijaa pooreennnŭ] sonnijaa ?
Glosses: you.SG.NOM  you.SG.NOM house-DAT alone go-PRS-1SG-COMP say-PST-2SG-Q
Translation: Literal: ‘Did you say [ that you am going home alone]?’ Reading: ‘Did you say [ that you are going home alone]?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Avaɭ [ avaɭ viiʈʈŭkkŭ tanijaa pooreennnŭ] sonnaaɭ .
Glosses: she.SG.NOM  she.SG.NOM house-DAT alone go-PRS-1SG-COMP say-PST-3FSG
Translation: Literal: ‘She said [ that she am going home alone].’ Intended reading: ‘She said [ that she is going home alone].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Naan [ taan schoolŭkkŭ pooreennnŭ] sonneen .
Glosses: I[NOM]  ANAPH[NOM] school-DAT go-PRS-1SG-COMP say-PST-1SG
Translation: I said [ that I am going to school].’ (Intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman [avaɭ [ [ pro taan parisæ tookkapoogiraannnŭ]] nambinaaɭŭnnŭ] [Krishnankiʈʈæ] kaaʈʈinaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM] she    ANAPH[NOM] prize-ACC lose.go-PRS-3MSG-COMP believe-PST-3MSG-COMP Krishnan-OBL show-PST-3MSG
Translation: Raman showed [Krishnan] [ that she believed [ [ pro that himself/*herself/*Krishnan would lose the prize]]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman [avaɭ [ [ pro taan parisæ tookkapoogiraanŭnnŭ]] nambinaaɭŭnnŭ] [Krishnankiʈʈæ] kaaʈʈinaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM] she    ANAPH[NOM] prize-ACC lose.go-PRS-3MSG-COMP believe-PST-3MSG-COMP Krishnan-OBL show-PST-3MSG
Translation: Raman showed [Krishnan] [ that he believed [ [ pro that himself/*herself/*Krishnan would lose the prize]]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kumar [ [ pro [tan manaivikkŭ]]] [ [ PRO [tangæ viiʈʈæ]]] kaaʈʈinaan .
Glosses: Kumar[NOM]    ANAPH.GEN wife-DAT]    self-PL.GEN house-ACC] show-PST-3MSG
Translation: Literal: ‘Kumar showed self’s wife selves house.’ Reading: ‘Kumar showed his wife their house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ramanŭkkŭ daan andæ teacherŭ kkŭ tannæ puɖikkaadŭnnŭ neneppŭ .
Glosses: Raman-DAT only that teacher-DAT ANAPH-ACC like-NEG-COM thinks
Translation: Literal: ‘Only Raman thinks the teacher doesn’t like self.’ Scenarios compatible with (72): ✔(70), ✔(71).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Takasidakega senseiga zibuno suisen suru to omowte iru .
Glosses: Takasi-only-NOM teacher-NOM ANAPH-ACC recommend do that think be
Translation: Only Takashi thinks the teacher will recommend self.’ BOUND-VARIABLE ✔: ∀x[Think(x, Recommend(iy.teacher(y), x)) → (x = Takashi)] STRICT ✔: ∀x[Think(x, Recommend(iy.teacher(y), Takashi)) → (x = Takashi)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Avan tannæ paarttaan .
Glosses: he[SG.NOM] ANAPH-ACC see-PST-3MSG
Translation: Intended: ‘He saw himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raman [ taan tannæ paarttaannnŭ] nenæččaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM]  ANAPH[NOM] ANAPH-ACC see-PST-3MSG-COMP think-PST-3MSG
Translation: LITERAL: ‘Raman thought [ that self saw self].’ READING: ‘Raman thought [ that he saw himself].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sri [Mia [ [ ta(a)n tannæ aɖiččadaagæ]] kanavukaɳɖaaɭŭnnŭ] sonnaan .
Glosses: Sri Mia  ANAPH[NOM] ANAPH-ACC hit-PST-NMLZ dream-PST-3FSG-COMP say.3MSG
Translation: Literal: ‘Sri said [ that Mia dreamed [ of self hitting self]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sri [Mia [ avaɭ avanæ aɖiččadaagæ] kanavukaɳɖaaɭŭnnŭ] sonnaan .
Glosses: Sri Mia  she[NOM] he-ACC hit-PST-NMLZ dream-PST-3FSG-COMP say.3MSG
Translation: Sri said [ that Mia dreamed [ that she hit him]].’ (81), as reported by Krishnan, is compatible with: ✔(79c).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sri [Mia [ avan avaɭæ aɖiččadaagæ] kanavukaɳɖaaɭŭnnŭ] sonnaan .
Glosses: Sri Mia  he[NOM] her-ACC hit-PST-NMLZ dream-PST-3MSG-COMP say.3MSG
Translation: Sri said [ that Mia dreamed [ that he hit her]].’ (82), as reported by Krishnan, is compatible with: ✔(79d).
Language: Coyutla Totonac
Transcription: Raman [ [ Seetha tannooɖæ paɳattæ [ [ tanakkŭ pakkattŭlæ]] oɭiččaaɭŭnnŭ]] nenæččaan .
Glosses: Raman[NOM]  Seetha ANAPH-GEN money-ACC  ANAPH-DAT near-LOC hide-PST-3FSG-COMP think-PST-3MSG
Translation: Literal: ‘Raman thought [ [ pro that Seetha hid self’s cash [ [ pro near self]]]].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kencow so yuruma .
Glosses: 1+2O-see-TP.COLL COLL duck
Translation: The duck saw us[.incl].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tooto komo nîwîntîkacow .
Glosses: people COLL 3S-sleep-COMPL-TP+COLL
Translation: All the people went to sleep.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pahxaxa amna øcesî .
Glosses: tomorrow 1+3PRO 3S-go-SF.INP
Translation: Tomorrow we (excluding addressee) will go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: áine ŋáradi
Glosses: woman that-PL
Translation: those women
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: áine ŋaradíaru
Glosses: woman that-PL-LINKER-DL
Translation: those two women
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: an i ge
Glosses: [+author] PL [–participant]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: an i
Glosses: [+author] PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: an i ∅
Glosses: D PL [author, addressee]
Language: Tagalog
Transcription: Nakunan ni Ben ng litrato si Luisa .
Glosses: AIA-PFV.take GEN Ben GEN picture NOM Luisa
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cúy’=ljkacw=ha kacwáka lh=ma7g’úlm’ecw=as ?
Glosses: going.to=1SG.SBJ=YNQ CIRC-wake-CIRC COMP=daybreak=3CONJ
Translation: Are you going to be able to wake up at dawn?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: qwaqwxmín=lhkan ta=scwelálhp=a , kacwák=kana aylh .
Glosses: nightmare-RED=1SG.SBJ DET=ghost=EXIS CIRC-wake=1SG.SBJ-CIRC then
Translation: I had a nightmare about a ghost, then I woke up suddenly.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dareka himasoona hitoo yoboo .
Glosses: someone free.looking LN-ACC invite
Translation: Let’s invite someone who looks free.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Himasoona darekao yoboo .
Glosses: free.looking someone-ACC invite
Translation: Let’s invite someone who looks free.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Nanika karai noo tabetai .
Glosses: something spicy LN-ACC eat-want
Translation: I want to eat something spicy.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Karai nanikao tabetai .
Glosses: spicy something-ACC eat-want
Translation: I want to eat something spicy.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Doreka karakunai noo tabetai .
Glosses: either spicy-not LN-ACC eat-want
Translation: I want to eat one (of them) that is not spicy.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: ??Karai dorekao tabetai .
Glosses: spicy either-ACC eat-want
Translation: I want to eat one (of them) that is spicy.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dokoka tooi tokoroe ikitai .
Glosses: someplace far.away LN-to go-want
Translation: I want to go somewhere far away.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Tooi dokokae ikitai .
Glosses: far.away someplace-to go-want
Translation: I want to go somewhere far away.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Ituka himana tokini aimasyoo .
Glosses: sometime free LN-at meet
Translation: Let’s meet sometime when you are free.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Himana itukani aimasyoo .
Glosses: free sometime-at meet
Translation: Let’s meet sometime when you are free.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Kuruma akaio katta .
Glosses: car red-ACC bought
Translation: (Intended: ‘I bought a red car.’) (postnominal)
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Akai kurumao katta .
Glosses: red car-ACC bought
Translation: I bought a red car.’ (prenominal)
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *Tabemono/raamen karai noo tabetai .
Glosses: food/ramen spicy LN-ACC eat-want
Translation: (Intended: ‘I want to eat spicy food/ramen.’)
Language: Central Alemannic
Transcription: öper luschtigs
Glosses: someone funny-S
Translation: someone funny