lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Old Spanish
Transcription: Conbidarle ien degrado
Glosses: invite.INF.=DAT.3SG have.AUX.IPFV.IND.3PL readily
Translation: They would invite him readily
Language: Icelandic
Transcription: Bjórinn kláraðist .
Glosses: the.beer finished-MID
Translation: The beer got finished up.
Language: Icelandic
Transcription: Stóllinn eyðilagðist .
Glosses: chair.the destroyd-MID
Translation: The chair got destroyed.
Language: Icelandic
Transcription: klæða , klæðast
Glosses: dress, dress-REFL
Translation: dress, dress oneself
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dyrnar læsast .
Glosses: the.doors.NOM lock-MID
Translation: The doors are locking.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mér bauðst vinna .
Glosses: me.DAT offered-MID job.NOM
Translation: I got the opportunity to get a job.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dyrnar læsast ekki .
Glosses: the.doors.NOM lock-MID not
Translation: The doors are not locking.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dyrnar ættu að læsast .
Glosses: the.doors.NOM ought to lock-MID
Translation: The doors should be locking.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Dyrnar læsast auðveldlega .
Glosses: the.doors.NOM lock-MID easy
Translation: The doors are locking easily.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali bir piyanoyu kiralamak istiyor .
Glosses: Ali one piano-ACC to-rent wants
Translation: Ali wants to rent a certain piano.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Juma alimpiga risasi tembo jana usiku .
Glosses: Juma SM.PST.OM.hit bullet elephant yesterday night
Translation: Juma shot an/the elephant last night.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: risasi ilipigamti karibu na sisi .
Glosses: bullet SM.PST.hit tree near us
Translation: The bullet struck the tree near us.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polis öldürdü∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman kill.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has killed a policeman/policemen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polis tekmeledi∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman kick.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has kicked a policeman/policemen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Paul polis duydu∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman hear-PFV-3
Translation: Paul has heard a policeman/policemen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polisi duydu∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman.ACC hear.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has heard the policeman.’ Class 2A
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Paul polis dinledi∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman listen.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has listened to a policeman/policemen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polisi dinledi∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman.ACC listen.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has listened to the policeman.’ Class 2B
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Paul polis aradı∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman search.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has looked for a policeman/policemen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polisi aradı∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman.ACC search.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has looked for the policeman.’ Class 3
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Paul polis tanıyor∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman know.IPFV.3
Translation: Paul knows a policeman/policemen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polisi tanıyor∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman.ACC know.IPFV.3
Translation: Paul knows the policeman.’ Class 4
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polisten nefret etti∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman.ABL hate do.PFV.3
Translation: Paul has come to hate the policemen.’ Class 5
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul polise benziyor∅.
Glosses: Paul policeman.DAT resemble.IPFV.3
Translation: Paul resembles a/the policeman.’ Class 6
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Paul (bu) sporda iyi∅.
Glosses: Paul this sports.LOC good.3
Translation: Paul is good at (this) sport(s).’ Class 7
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nic(a)xon hamiflaga al yeriveha (Hebrew)
Glosses: victory.CS the-political.party(F) on rival.PL.CS-3SGF.POSS 
Translation: the victory of the political party over its rivals
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hanicaxon ∫el hamiflaga al yeriveha
Glosses: the-victory.NCS of the-political.party(F) on rival.PL.CS-3SGF.POSS
Translation: the victory of the political party over its rivals
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: milxemet hamevaker ba∫xitut hamimsadit
Glosses: war.CS the-inspector.general in.the-corruption(F) the-institute-ADJ-F
Translation: the war of the inspector general against institutional corruption
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hamilxama ∫el hamevaker ba∫xitut hamimsadit
Glosses: the-war.NCS of the-inspector.general in.the-corruption(F) the-institute-ADJ-F
Translation: the war of the inspector general against institutional corruption
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maxsor hairiya beovdim
Glosses: shortage.CS the-municipal.government in-worker-PL(M)
Translation: the municipal government’s shortage of employees
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hamaxsor ∫el hairiya beovdim
Glosses: the-shortage.NCS of the-municipal.government in-worker-PL(M)
Translation: the municipal government’s shortage of employees
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nic(a)xon hamiflaga al/*et(/*ϕ) yeriveha
Glosses: victory.CS the-political.party(F) on/*ACC(/*ϕ) rival.PL.CS-3SGF.POSS
Translation: the victory of the political party over its rivals
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hanicaxon ∫el hamiflaga al/*et(/*ϕ) yeriveha
Glosses: the-victory.NCS of the-political.party(F) on/*ACC(/*ϕ) rival.PL.CS-3SGF.POSS
Translation: the victory of the political party over its rivals
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hamiflaga nicxa et yeriveha
Glosses: the-political.party(F) win.PAST-3SGF ACC rival.PL.CS-3SGF.POSS
Translation: The political party beat its rivals.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: harisat hacava et habait
Glosses: destruction-F-CS the-army ACC the-house
Translation: the army’s destruction of the house
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: haharisa ∫el hacava et habait
Glosses: the-destruction-F of the-army ACC the-house
Translation: the army’s destruction of the house
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *nic(a)xon al yeriveha hamiflaga
Glosses: victory.CS on rival.PL.CS-3SGF.POSS the-political.party(F)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hanicaxon ∫el liverpul al mančester
Glosses: the-victory.NCS of Liverpool on Manchester
Translation: the victory of Liverpool over Manchester
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?hanicaxon al mančester ∫el liverpul
Glosses: the-victory.NCS on Manchester of Liverpool
Translation: the victory of Liverpool over Manchester
Language: German
Transcription: wir (*die) Malerinnen
Glosses: we DET.PL painter-F-PL
Translation: we painters
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: watasitati gengogakusya
Glosses: 1-PL linguist
Language: Japanese
Transcription: karera tetugakusya
Glosses: 3-PL philosopher
Translation: they philosophers
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I verstehs guad , die neia Nachbarn .
Glosses: I understand-3PL.ACC well, the new neighbours
Translation: I understand them well, the new neighbours.
Language: Hoava
Transcription: Keke rane la habu [ria].
Glosses: NUM-one day go find.food 3PL
Translation: One day they went to find food.
Language: Icelandic
Transcription: þeir málfræðingurinn
Glosses: they.M linguist.SG-DEF
Translation: he and the linguist’ (‘he’ is not a linguist)
Language: Icelandic
Transcription: þeir málfræðingarnir
Glosses: they.M linguist.PL-DEF
Translation: he and the (other) linguists’ (‘he’ may be a linguist)
Language: Kwaio
Transcription: ‘agaurua ta’a i ‘Ai’eda
Glosses: FOC-3PL-? people LOC ‘Ai’eda
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔintu ʔittalamza tiħibbu ʔilliʕb .
Glosses: you.PL DET-students 2PL.like playing
Translation: You students like playing.
Language: Maltese
Transcription: Intom ilħaddiema għandkom tingħaqdu .
Glosses: you.PL DET-workers have-2PL unite-2PL
Translation: You workmen should unite together.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sōʔ k’tá wū ȕɕk’ènē
Glosses: water draw.water she drink--MED
Translation: She drew water and drank.
Language: Bench
Transcription: sōʔ kȉtı̋ yī ȕɕk’ùē
Glosses: water draw.water-/ he drink--MED
Translation: He drew water and drank.
Language: Bench
Transcription: sōʔ kȉtı̋ ’tsȁyk’n̄ī ȕɕk’èndē
Glosses: water draw.water-/ they drink--MED
Translation: They drew water and drank.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sōʔ kȉtá tā ȕɕk’ùē
Glosses: water draw.water I drink--MED
Translation: I drew water and drank.’ (male or female subject)
Language: Bench
Transcription: sōʔ kȉtá nē ȕɕk’ùē
Glosses: water draw.water you.SG drink--MED
Translation: You (SG) drew water and drank.’ (male or female subject)
Language: Bench
Transcription: sōʔ kȉtá nū ȕɕk’ùē
Glosses: water draw.water we.EXCL drink--MED
Translation: We (EXCL) drew water and drank.’ (male or female subjects)
Language: Bulgarian
Transcription: Studeno i e bilo .
Glosses: cold-N.SG she.DAT.SG AUX.3SG be.PST-N.SG
Translation: She was cold.’ (literally ‘her was cold’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Buto asiabĩ bũĩhũ .
Glosses: very.much be.hot-PRS-3SG.M sun(M)
Translation: The sun is very hot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Asiaha .
Glosses: be.hot-PRS-PRS.3.INAN
Translation: It is hot.
Language: Kulina Pano
Transcription: hadai ohani
Glosses: old-M 1SG-COP-F
Language: Kulina Pano
Transcription: hadani ohani
Glosses: old-F 1SG-COP-F
Translation: I am old.’ (female speaker)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: “… hàɕkán wògńsá tā yískùē” màkèn .
Glosses:  this.M.SG-INESS sit.down-PRF-F.SG 1SG.NOM be.located.PRS--MED say-F.SG
Translation: …and I am sitting here” she said.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wȕsā “tȁnā sōʔk’án hānk’á yískènē .”
Glosses: 3SG.F-NOM.F.SG 1SG-NOM.F.SG water-INESS go-FS-F.SG be . located.PRS--MED
Translation: She (said) “I am going to the river.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hámn̄sártȁnù .
Glosses: go.NFS-FUT-NEG--M.SG
Translation: I will not go!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tȁ àtùı̏sè8
Glosses: 1SG.NOM reach-M.SG--MED
Translation: I arrived!
Language: Siona-Tetete
Transcription: hasuhi
Glosses: be.hot-PRS.3SG.M
Translation: it is hot
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: m̋ʔā ʃīd
Glosses: eat-F.SG stay
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: m̋ʔī ʃídn̄d
Glosses: eat-M.SG stay-PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: m̋ʔī ʃīd
Glosses: eat-M.SG stay
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: m̋ʔā ʃídn̄d
Glosses: eat-F.SG stay-PL
Language: Bench
Transcription: waakʉ jaha jʉʉ
Glosses: go-M.SG do-PRS.3.INAN 1SG
Language: Bench
Transcription: waako jaha jʉʉ
Glosses: go-F.SG do-.PRS3.INAN 1SG
Translation: I am going.’ (feminine)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sonyentuli [ senmwulul twukayssik] sassta .
Glosses: Boy.PL.NOM  present.ACC two.CLF.DISTR buy.PAST.DEC
Translation: a. ‘(The) boys each bought two presents.’ b. ‘(The) boys bought two presents at each/different place(s)/time(s).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Doperator DistKey DistShare
Glosses: ∀ set in restriction entities in scope
Language: Telugu
Transcription: RenDu renDu kootulu egiriniyyi .
Glosses: Two two monkey.PL jump.PAST.PL
Translation: Two monkeys jumped in each location/time interval.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dečaci nose po jedan klavir .
Glosses: boy.PL.NOM carry DISTR one piano.ACC
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sonyentuli phianolul hantayssik naluko issta .
Glosses: boy.PL.NOM piano.ACC one.CLF.DISTR carry.PROG.DEC
Translation: i. ‘(The) boys each are carrying one piano.’ ii. ‘(The) boys are carrying one piano at each/different place(s).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pleše po jedan majmun .
Glosses: dance DISTR one monkey.NOM
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wenswungika hanmalissik chwumul chwukoissta .
Glosses: monkey.NOM one.CLF.DISTR dance.ACC dance.PROG.DEC
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pleše [po jedan majmun].17
Glosses: dance DISTR one monkey.NOM
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Wenswungika hanmalissik] chwumul chwuko issta .
Glosses: monkey.NOM one.CLF.DISTR dance.ACC dance.PROG.DEC
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pleše [po jedan majmun].
Glosses: dances DISTR one monkey.NOM
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Igračke su (svuda) po podu .      Spatialdenoting locative
Glosses: toy.NOM.PL AUX.3.PL (everywhere) DISTR floor.LOC.SG
Translation: The toys are all over the floor.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ivan spava po danu . Temporaldenoting locative
Glosses: Ivan.NOM sleep.3.SG.PS.IMPF DISTR day.LOC.SG 
Translation: Ivan sleeps throughout/during the day.
Language: Avar
Transcription: ʕalica ži‹w›go w–ecc        ana .
Glosses: Ali-ERG ‹M›REFL.ABS M–praise-PST
Translation: Ali has praised himself.
Language: Avar
Transcription: ʕalil insuca ži‹w›go w–ecc        ana .
Glosses: Ali-GEN father.ERG  –praise-PST
Language: Avar
Transcription: Insuda ži‹w›go mat’ujału‹w› w–ix    ana , hedingo wasasdagi .
Glosses: father.LOC ‹M›REFL.ABS ‹M›mirror.INE M–see-PST also son.LOC-CNJ
Translation: Father saw himself in the mirror, and his son did too.’ = the son saw himself in the mirror ≠ the son saw father in the mirror (Rudnev 2017: 158)
Language: Avar
Transcription: Die b–oł’    ana [ɣo‹j›e t’ade j–aχ      ine].
Glosses: 1SG.DAT N–want-PST ‹F›DEM.LAT up  LAT F–move-INF
Translation: I wanted to go up there.’ (modelled on Forker to appear: (35a))
Language: Tamil
Transcription: Mia [Sri [taan too    pp        aaɭ        ŭnnŭ ] nene  tt        aan        nŭ ] paartt        aaɭ .
Glosses: Mia.NOM Sri.NOM ANAPH.SG.NOM lose-FUT-3FSG-COMP  think-PST-3MSG-COMP  see      PST-3FSG
Translation: Mia saw that Sri thought that she/*he would lose.
Language: Avar
Transcription: Muradica ebel al      da was w–oł’        iza‹w›una .
Glosses: Murad-ERG mother OBL-LOC son . –love-CAUS PST
Translation: Murad made mother love the boy.
Language: Avar
Transcription: Muradica ebel          al        da žiwgo w–oł’        iza‹w›una .
Glosses: Murad-ERG mother-OBL-LOC self . –love-CAUS PST
Translation: Murad made mother love himself.
Language: Avar
Transcription: Muradica ebel          al        da žijgo j–oł’          iza‹j› una .
Glosses: Murad ERG mother-OBL-LOC self . –love-CAUS-PST
Translation: Murad made mother love herself.
Language: Avar
Transcription: ʕalica ži‹w›go w–ecc            i
Glosses: Ali-erg ‹M›REFL.ABS M–praise-NMLZ
Translation: Ali praising himself
Language: Avar
Transcription: Di        da [ʕalie jas j–oł’        un j–ik’in            ∅ ] b/j– ixana .
Glosses: 1SG-LOC Ali-DAT girl.ABS F–like-CVB F–be-NMLZ-ABS  N/F–see-PST
Translation: I saw that Ali liked the girl.’ (Rudnev 2015: 78)
Language: Archi
Transcription: Lahas dija wak:urši wi .
Glosses: child(II).SG.OBL-DAT father(I).SG.ABS I.SG-see-IPF-CVB I.SG-BE.PRS
Translation: A girl sees her father.
Language: Archi
Transcription: Lo dija wak:urši di .
Glosses: child(II).[SG.ABS] father(I).SG.ABS I.SG-see-IPF-CVB II.SG-BE.PRS
Translation: A girl sees her father.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gesatmuitl ’ntgijl .
Glosses: love-DFLT-APPL-1OBJ-3-OBV 1POSS-mother-OBV
Translation: S/he loves my mother.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gnasgmuatl [Pieloq ugtatlai’ml].
Glosses: wear-DFLT-APPL-3OBJ-3-OBV Peter-ABSEN 3POSS-shirt-POSS-OBV
Translation: S/he is wearing (deceased) Peter’s shirt.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mali nemituapn [ji’nmuei atlai].
Glosses: Mali see-DFLT-APPL-3>3OBJ.DIR-PST man-GEN shirt
Translation: Mary saw the man’s shirt.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Gesatmuugsiegp ’ntgijinen .
Glosses: love-DFLT-APPL-3>1/2PL.PASS-1PL-PST 1POSS-mother-1PL
Translation: Our mother was loved.
Language: Nez Perce
Transcription: Haamapim hineeswewkunye’nyØe hahaacwalna lawtiwaa .
Glosses: man-ERG 3SBJ-OBJ.PL-meet-APPL-PFV-REM.PST PL-boy-OBJ friend.NOM
Translation: The man met the boys’ friend.
Language: Nez Perce
Transcription: ’Isiine ’esewleke’ykey’seØ ’aatoc ?
Glosses: who-OBJ 3OBJ-drive-APPL-IPFV-PRS car.NOM
Translation: Whose car are you driving?
Language: Nez Perce
Transcription: ’Aaxnay’saqa [’ipnim huukux].
Glosses: 3OBJ-see-APPL-IPFV-REC.PST 3SG.GEN hair.NOM
Translation: I saw her hair.
Language: Tzeltal
Transcription: Lah awe’bon *(k)waj .
Glosses: PFV A2-eat-APPL.B1 1POSS-tortilla
Translation: You ate my tortilla.
Language: Tzotzil
Transcription: 7a [li stot li Xune], 7ijk’oponbe .
Glosses: TOP the 3POSS-father DET Xun-CL CP-A1-speak-APPL.B3
Translation: I spoke to Xun’s father.
Language: Tzotzil
Transcription: [K’usi stzekilal] chajalbe ?
Glosses: what 3POSS-skirt-POSS ICP-A2-weave-APPL.B3
Translation: What are you making the skirt for?
Language: Tzeltal
Transcription: [Mach’a smut] lah awilbe ?
Glosses: who 3POSS-chicken PFV A2-see-APPL.B3
Language: Tzeltal
Transcription: *Te Pedrohe’ xMarta lah skuch’be yala’al .
Glosses: DET Pedro-CL F-Marta PFV A3-carry-APPL.B3 3POSS-baby
Translation: As for Pedro, it was Marta’s that he hugged the baby.
Language: Okanagan
Transcription: Way’ kaʔkícłtsәn anq ̓aʔxán .
Glosses: yes find-APPL-TR-2SG.OBJ-1SG.SBJ 2SG.POSS-shoes
Language: Spokane
Transcription: Músłtǝn łuɁ Albert sǝnɁuršíctis .
Glosses: feel-APPL-TR-1SG.SBJ.3OBJ DET Albert stove-3POSS
Language: Okanagan
Transcription: Lut kʷu aksnaq ̓wmłtәm inkәwáp .
Glosses: NEG 1SG.OBJ 2SG.IRR-steal-REL-APPL-TR-INTR 1SG.POSS-horse
Translation: Don’t steal my horse from me.
Language: Okanagan
Transcription: NɁiyłtsn Fred iɁ pʾúyxǝns .
Glosses: buy-APPL-TR-2SG.OBJ-1SG.SBJ Fred DET car-3SG.POSS
Translation: I bought you Fred’s car.
Language: Okanagan
Transcription: Kʷup’íc’łtxʷ .
Glosses: 1SG.OBJ-pinch-APPL-TR-2SG.SBJ
Translation: Lit. You pinched it of mine.
Language: Okanagan
Transcription: Kʷup’íc’xtxʷ .
Glosses: 1SG.OBJ-pinch-APPL-TR-2SG.SBJ
Translation: You pinched it for me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gʷnitłtsels k̓ʷít̓n .
Glosses: call-APPL-TR-1SG.OBJ-3SBJ mouse
Translation: He asked for my mouse.
Language: Spokane
Transcription: Ɂíłiłtǝn [łuɁ Albert sqéltč3].
Glosses: ate-APPL-TR-1SG.SBJ.3OBJ DET Albert meat-3POSS
Translation: I ate Albert’s meat.
Language: Spokane
Transcription: Ɂíłištǝn [łuɁ Albert] [łuɁ t sqéltč].
Glosses: ate-APPL-TR-1SG.SBJ.3OBJ DET Albert DET OBL meat
Language: Columbia-Wenatchi
Transcription: [John l qácks] x̣ə́lq’ɫtm t sʕʷáʔʕʷaʔ .
Glosses: John GEN brother-3SG kill-APPL.PASS OBL cougar
Translation: John’s brother was killed by a cougar.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Juan tajje’ [un [mu’ Sergios]].
Glosses: Juan(M) touch-CLF-3SG.F.OBJ hand(F) DET.M Sergio(M)-F
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Juan tajjebite [un [mu’ Sergios/*Sergio]].
Glosses: Juan(M) touch-CLF-APPL-3SG.M.OBJ hand(F) DET.M Sergio(M)-F/Sergio(M)
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Cạvebite [ococo mu’si’].
Glosses: see-CLF-APPL-3SG.M.OBJ frog(F) his-F
Translation: I saw his frog.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Yụ nạijbite [ococo=mu’].
Glosses: I see-CLF-APPL-3SG.M.OBJ frog(F)=his
Translation: I saw his frog.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Chịyacsebi [mọ’ dyijyedye’=mu’in mu’insi’=in].
Glosses: know-CLF-3PL.OBJ-APPL.PL.M.SBJ DET.F thought(F)=their their-F.PL
Translation: He knew their thoughts.
Language: Shuswap
Transcription: Młmałqʷxts tǝ citxʷs .
Glosses: paint-APPL-TR-3SG.SBJ.3OBJ OBL house-3POSS
Translation: He paints the/his house for him/He paints his house.
Language: Thompson
Transcription: ɁúqʷeɁxitsemes tǝ tíy .
Glosses: drink-APPL-TR-1SG.BJ-3SBJ OBL tea
Translation: She drank my tea up on me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mi kmäñbeñ waj aläl .
Glosses: IPFV A1-buy-APPL-TR.B3 tortilla child
Translation: I buy the child the tortillas.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi ats’äkäbe kalo’bil .
Glosses: PFV A2-cure-TR-APPL.B3 1POSS-son
Translation: You cured my son for him/her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi kiläbe [yalo’bil ajBetu] pro .
Glosses: PFV A1-see-TR-APPL.B3 3POSS-son CL-Beto 
Translation: I saw Beto’s son.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi iläbeñtyiyoñ kalo’bil .
Glosses: PFV see-TR-APPL-TR-PAS-0-B1 1POSS-son
Translation: My son was seen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi k’ajtyibeñtyiyoñ ts’ak (joñoñ).
Glosses: PFV ask-TR-APPL-TR-PAS-0-B1 medicine 1SG
Translation: I was asked for the medicine.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mi kmäñ waj cha’añ aläl .
Glosses: IPFV A1-buy.B3 tortilla PP child
Translation: I buy tortillas for the child.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi kilä [yalo’bil ajBetu].
Glosses: PFV A1-see-TR.B3 3POSS-son CL-Beto
Translation: I saw Beto’s son.
Language: Tequistlatecan
Transcription: 7ujäksäb0ón 7ucho7án .
Glosses: A3-lower-CAUS-APPL-CP-B1 1POSS-price
Translation: They lowered the price for me.
Language: Nez Perce
Transcription: ’Ehiteemeney’se Cecilne tiim’es .
Glosses: 3OBJ-read-APPL-IPFV.PRS Cecil-OBJ book.NOM
Translation: I’m reading Cecil the book.
Language: Nez Perce
Transcription: Kaa pée’wiènye tilóqana wewúkiye .
Glosses: and 3ERG-shoot-APPL.ASP people-OBJ elk.NOM
Translation: And he shot the elk for the people/And he shot the people’s elk.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elugwatmuitl a’pil .
Glosses: fix-DFLT-APPL-1OBJ-3-OBV net-OBV
Translation: S/he fixes a/the net for me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elugwatmuugsiegp a’pil .
Glosses: fix-DFLT-APPL-3>1/2.PL.PASS-1PL-PST net-OBV
Translation: A/the net was fixed for us.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gesalatl ’ntgijl .
Glosses: love-AN-3OBJ.DIR-3-OBV 1POSS-mother-OBV
Translation: S/he loves my mother.
Language: Tzeltal
Transcription: Lah kil(be) snah Pedro .
Glosses: PFV A1-see(-APPL).B3 3POSS-house Pedro
Translation: I saw Pedro’s house.
Language: Tzotzil
Transcription: Chitoyilanbat jjol .
Glosses: ICP-B1-keep.lifting-APPL.PASS 1POSS-head
Translation: My head was lifted over and over.
Language: Tzotzil
Transcription: *Lichambe jtot .
Glosses: CP.B1-die-APPL 1POSS-father
Translation: My father died.
Language: Tzeltal
Transcription: Ilbot snah Mariya .
Glosses: see-APPL.PASS.B3 3POSS-house Maria
Translation: Maria’s house was seen.
Language: Tzeltal
Transcription: Lah kmilbat .
Glosses: PFV A1-kill-APPL.B2
Translation: I killed it (lit. I killed your it).
Language: Columbia-Wenatchi
Transcription: *Kn c’aw’ntm t John .
Glosses: 1SG wash-TR.PASS OBL John
Translation: I was washed by John.
Language: Columbia-Wenatchi
Transcription: Ɂinqack x̨ǝlq’(*ɫt)ntm t sʕʷáʔʕʷaʔ .
Glosses: 1POSS-older.brother kill-APPL-TR-PASS OBL cougar
Translation: My older brother was killed by a cougar.
Language: Nez Perce
Transcription: Haacwalnimagent peekiwyekey’seØ [’ipnim ciq’aamqal] [Melinm ke’niks].
Glosses: boy-ERG 3>3-feed-APPL-IPFV-PRS 3SG.GEN dog.NOM Mary-GEN leftovers.NOM
Translation: The boy is feeding his/her dog Mary’s leftovers.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Mi naͅijbite [ococo Juansi’] munja=mu’.
Glosses: 2SG see-APPL-3SG.M.OBJ frog(F) Juan(M)-F yesterday=3SG.M
Translation: You saw Juan’s frog yesterday.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Mi naͅijtye‘ [ococo Juansi’](?*=mu’).
Glosses: 2SG see-3SG.F.OBJ frog(F) Juan(M)-F(=3SG.M)
Translation: You saw Juan’s frog.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: [Mariaty vojity]=mọ’ ja’ĉatbuti’ (Juan).
Glosses: Maria(F)-M brother(M)=3SG.F PASS-hit-APPL-PASS-3.SG.F.SBJ Juan(M)
Translation: Maria’s brother was hit (by Juan).
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Judyeya’ acadyes jäcbite tsun .
Glosses: and house(F)-PURP.F remove-APPL-3SG.M.OBJ 1PL
Translation: And we take it (lit. its it) to make houses.
Language: Mosetén-Chimané
Transcription: Chị͔yacsebi mọ’ dyijyedye’.
Glosses: know-CLF-3PL.OBJ-APPL.PL.M.SBJ DET.F thought(F)
Translation: He knew their thoughts.
Language: Yupik
Transcription: angutet kiputaat
Glosses: man-ERG.PL buy-OM.SG-SM.PL
Translation: The men bought it.
Language: Yupik
Transcription: angutek kiputaak
Glosses: man-ERG.DU buy-OM.SG-SM.DU
Translation: The men (du) bought it.
Language: Yupik
Transcription: angutet kuigat
Glosses: man-ERG.PL river-SG-AGR.PL
Translation: the men’s river
Language: Yupik
Transcription: angutek kuigak
Glosses: men-ERG.DU river-SG-AGR.DU
Translation: the men’s (du) river
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: a pro kalapunk
Glosses: the  hat-POSS.1PL
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: a mi kalapunk
Glosses: the we.NOM hat-POSS.1PL
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: a Mari kalapja
Glosses: the Mari.NOM hat-POSS
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: Marinak a kalapja
Glosses: Mari-DAT the hat-POSS
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: Marinak₁ PETER làtta [ a kalapja].
Glosses: Mari-DAT Peter saw  the hat-POSS
Translation: Peter saw Mary’s hat.
Language: Hungarian
Transcription: *Mari₁ PETER làtta [ a  kalapja].
Glosses: Mari.NOM Peter saw  the  hat-POSS
Translation: Peter saw Mary’s hat.
Language: Mohawk
Transcription: Karakv thikv kanuhsaʔ .
Glosses: 3N-white DEM PRE-house-SUF
Translation: That house is white
Language: Mohawk
Transcription: Kanuhsrakv thikv .
Glosses: 3N-house-white DEM
Translation: That house is white.
Language: Mohawk
Transcription: Kanuhsrakv [nehneh aakahninu].
Glosses: 3N-house-white DEM INDF-3F-buy
Translation: The house that she would like to buy is white.
Language: Mohawk
Transcription: Kanuhsrakv [ne wisk nikawa].
Glosses: 3N-house-white  five PART-3N-PL
Translation: Five houses are white.
Language: Mohawk
Transcription: Hraonuhsrakv [ne sawatis].
Glosses: 3M-house-white  John
Translation: John’s house is white.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Hasanɪn kitabɪn
Glosses: Hasan-GEN book-POSS.3SG
Translation: Hasan’s book
Language: Latin
Transcription: puer bonus/ puella bona
Glosses: boy.M good-M girl.F good-F
Translation: good boy/good girl
Language: German
Transcription: (ein) roter Wein
Glosses: a red-STR wine
Translation: a red wine
Language: German
Transcription: einem roten Wein
Glosses: a-DAT red-WK wine
Translation: to a red wine
Language: German
Transcription: rotem Wein
Glosses: red-STR wine
Translation: to red wine
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: One vladike su me jučce posetile/posetili .
Glosses: those-F.PL bishop-PL are me yesterday visit.PTCP-F.PL/M.PL
Translation: Those bishops visited me yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oni stare vladike su se posvadjali/*posvadjale na ulici .
Glosses: those-M.PL old-F.PL bishops are REFL argued-M.PL/argued-F.PL on street
Translation: Those old bishops argued on the street.
Language: Swedish
Transcription: det stora huset
Glosses: DEF big-WEAK house-DEF
Translation: the big house
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔayy bint Fariid kaal [ (*innu) ___ ištarat lfusṭaan]?
Glosses: which girl Fariid said  that  bought the-dress
Translation: Which girl did Fariid say bought the dress?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔayy fusṭaan Fariid kaal [ (innu) lbint ištarat ___]?
Glosses: which dress Fariid said  that the-girl bought 
Translation: Which dress did Fariid say that the girl bought?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nakàn [ na Musa gàn [ gànán bagizì ba ___]] na
Glosses: meat  C Musa say  C man-PL cut  PRT
Translation: the meat that Musa said that the men cut
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bagizì [ na Musa gàn [ {*gànán , ✓’án , *∅} ___ ba nakàn]] na
Glosses: man-PL  C Musa say  C C   cut meat PRT
Translation: the men that Musa said cut the meat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bagizì [ na Musa gàn [ gànán [ pányí lě [ ___ ba nakàn]]] na
Glosses: man-PL  C Musa say  C  long ago formerly  cut meat PRT
Translation: the men that Musa said that long ago cut the meat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *bagizì [ na Musa gàn [ gànán [ ___ [ dàdà [ ba nakàn]]]]] na
Glosses: man-PL  C Musa say  C   quickly  cut meat PRT
Translation: Intended: ‘the men that Musa said quickly cut the meat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Iogari surari itsamaitakotakiro sekatsi .
Glosses: DEM man 3SG-cultivate manioc
Translation: The man cultivates manioc.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ hocayi gören(*ler)] öǧrenciler
Glosses:  lecturer-ACC see-PART-(*PL) student-PL
Translation: the students who saw the lecturer
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: An ytaokyt yn .
Glosses: 2SG 1SG-DECL-kill/hurt-NFUT 1SG
Translation: You will hurt me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ytaopisot yn .
Glosses: 1SG-DECL-listen-NFUT 1SG
Translation: I listened.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Moramon ihyryp ?
Glosses: who-COP I-cry
Translation: Who cried?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Moramon an tihit∅ taj̃ty ?
Glosses: who-COP 2SG TI-give-NFUT knife-OBL
Translation: Who did you give the knife?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Morã ysokõ’i ?
Glosses: who 1SG-tie.up
Translation: Who tied me up?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hayeled [ še= Rina ’ohevet (’oto)].
Glosses: the-boy  that Rina loves ACC.3SGM
Translation: literally ‘the boy that Rina loves (him)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: an ghirseach [ ar ghoid na síogaí í]
Glosses: the girl  aᴺ-PAST stole the fairies her
Translation: literally ‘the girl that the fairies stole away (her)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’arie [ še= (*hu) taraf ’et hayeled]
Glosses: the-lion  that 3SGM devoured ACC the-boy
Translation: literally ‘the lion that he devoured the boy
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iš [ še= Xana ’amra [ še= (hu) ’ohev ’arayot]
Glosses: the-man  that Hannah said  that 3SGM loves lions
Translation: literally ‘the man that Hannah said (he) loves lions
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: an fear [ ar shíl muid [ go raibh sé breoite]]
Glosses: the man  aᴺ-PAST thought we  C was he ill
Translation: literally ‘the man that we thought he was ill
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iš [ še= [rak ’al kesef] (hu) xošev]
Glosses: the-man  that only about money 3SGM thinks
Translation: the man that thinks only about money’ (Borer 1984: 247)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iša [ še= [rak hi] ’ohevet ’arayot]
Glosses: the-woman  that only 3SGF loves lions
Translation: literally ‘the woman that only she loves lions’ (Hadas Kotek, p.c.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iša [ še= ’et hamatana natna hi leDina]
Glosses: the-woman  that ACC the-present gave 3SGF DAT-Dina
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iša [ še= leDina natna hi ’et hamatana]
Glosses: the-woman  that DAT-Dina gave 3SGF ACC the-present
Translation: the woman that gave the present to Dina
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iš [ še= {’oto} Xana ’amra [ še= {’oto} Dalya ma’amina [ še= {’oto} Kobi pagaš {’oto}]]]
Glosses: the-man  that ACC.3SGM Hannah said  that ACC.3SGM Dalya believes  that ACC.3SGM Kobi met ACC.3SGM
Translation: the man that Hannah said that Dalya believes that Kobi met
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha’iš [ še= Xana ’amra [ še= hu ’ohev ’arayot]
Glosses: the-man  that Hannah said.3SGF  that 3SGM loves.3SGM lions
Translation: the man that Hannah said loves lions
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ha’iš [ še= hu Xana ’amra [ še= ___ ’ohev ’arayot]]
Glosses: the-man  that 3SGM Hannah said  that  loves lions
Translation: Intended: ‘the man that Hannah said loves lions
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ (yek mošt) gerdu(=ye tāze)] [ tu=ye sālād] [ mirizad] [ (yek meqdār) serke(=ye sib)]
Glosses:  a handful walnut=EZ fresh  in=EZ salad  IPFV-put.PRS.3SG  a quantity vinegar=EZ apple
Translation: Ali always puts (a handful of) (fresh) walnuts / (a small quantity of) (apple) vinegar in the salad.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ yek arusak / arusak=rā] [ barāye Zohre (ke dāšt gerye mikard)] [ yek ābnabāt / ābnabāt=rā] [ xarid]
Glosses:  a doll / doll=RA  for Zohreh that AUX cry IPFV-do.PST.3SG  a candy / candy=RA  buy.PST.3SG
Translation: Parvin bought the/a doll/candy for Zohreh (who was crying).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: in medād=rā [ke qermez ast] xaridam
Glosses: this pencil=RA that red is buy.PST.1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: in medād [ke qermez ast]=rā xaridam
Glosses: this pencil that red is=RA buy.PST.1SG
Translation: I bought this pencil which is red.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: yek mard āmad [ke hame=rā mišenāxt]
Glosses: a man come.PST.3SG that all=RA IPFV-know.PST.3SG
Translation: A man came who knew everybody.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan a nawalas a wa bas a Qalambas ma gi
Glosses: Natan 3SG 1SG-tell 3SG say tomorrow 3SG Kalabahi COME go
Translation: Natan told me that he will go to Kalabahi tomorrow.’ [LT.CD1.008]1
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan a nawalas
Glosses: Natan 3SG 1SG-tell
Translation: Natan was talking to me.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Ba a ta tupan a pin Ø gi
Glosses: SEQ 3SG TOP get.up-REAL 3SG [hold Ø go]
Translation: So he got up and left.’ (Klamer 2010a: 308)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Ni’in sen qar olan gax wan maan
Glosses: 1PL.EXCL [money [rice buy-REAL] 3SG-possession] be NEG
Translation: We do not have money to buy rice.’ (Klamer 2010a: 377) (Lit. ‘[Possession of money to buy rice] does not exist (at) us’).
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: iman a wa iman paat , pisoxai le , pipantum le
Glosses: they 3SG say they not.know 1PI-dance or 1PI-poem(IND) or
Translation: They say they do not know our dances or our songs.’ (Klamer 2010a: 275)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: A niregan gigalal ba ni arian maan .
Glosses: 3SG 1PL.EXCL-ask why SEQ 1PL.EXCL arrive-REAL NEG
Translation: He asked us why we did not come.’ (Klamer 2010a: 366)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: A miaag bif goqai gu’an yilag la miaag garegan ?
Glosses: 3SG yesterday child 3SG-child 3SG-cradle who FOC yesterday 3SG-ask
Translation: Who asked him if he carried a child yesterday?’ (Klamer 2010a: 366)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Iman misan wan om mai om garegan taxaran si pi ta in i er ?
Glosses: 3PL sit-REAL be inside store inside 3SG-ask how SIM 1PL.INCL TOP thing FORTHC make
Translation: They sat planning thinking: “How shall we do it?”’ (Klamer 2010a: 373)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na bangan nabangan qau .
Glosses: 1SG ask.for 1SG-life good
Translation: I ask for a good life.’ (Klamer 2010a: 366)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na bangan Kri Bas nunmulax geneg .
Glosses: 1SG ask.for Mr Bas 1S.APPL-help a.bit
Translation: I ask Mr Bas to help me a bit.’ (Klamer 2010a: 367) (Lit. ‘I ask for Mr Bas [he] helps me a bit.’)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: a tupan a emaq u gawalas , a wa a mau tewar por awan ta gi .
Glosses: 3SG get.up-REAL 3SG wife DIST 3SG-tell 3SG say 3SG want(IND) walk island far TOP go
Translation: he got up [and] said to his wife, he said he wanted to go to an island far away’ (Klamer 2010a: 367)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: … ayivar gawalas a wa: “Ha siga’ ga’an”
Glosses: … 3SG-dog 3SG-tell 3SG say 2SG be.quiet 3SG
Translation: … [he] told his dog saying: “You be quiet”’ (Klamer 2010a: 367–68)
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Babandu babolela Alfredi bali akhakhile .
Glosses: 2-2-people 2S-said-AP-FV 1Alfred 2-that 1S-FUT-conquer
Translation: The people told Alfred that he will win.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Alfredi kabolela babandu ali bakhakhile .
Glosses: 1Alfred 1S-said-AP-FV 2-2-people 1-that 2S-FUT-conquer
Translation: Alfred told the people that they will win.’ (Diercks 2013: 358)
Language: Nanti
Transcription: no=keNkitsaaki noka no=goNkehaaa ShaNpiNkihari
Glosses: 1SG=tell.story-PERF-REALIS.I 1SG-QUOT 1SG=arrive-CL:WATER-REAL.A place name
Translation: I told a story of my arriving in ShaNpiNkihari.
Language: Nanti
Transcription: i=NkaNte ikaha tomi no=hai noNkamosoe
Glosses: 3MS=IRR-say-IRR.I 3MS-QUOT-NEG.IRR son 1SG-go-REAL.I 1SG=REAL-visit-REAL.I
Translation: He would say: I will not go and visit my son.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: umma anakuma alpum sa taqabbi’u [ula i] zzaaz
Glosses: umma 1-PART ox-NOM REL you.say-SUB is not available
Translation: I said: “the ox you are talking about is not available”.’ (Deutscher 2000: 72)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: ašpurakkum umma anākuma litma’ā …
Glosses: I.wrote-to.you umma 1.PART let.them.swear …
Translation: I wrote to you, (and) this is what I said: “…”’ (Deutscher 2000: 72)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: aappáalsu [umm]a anākuma … [5 lines]
Glosses: I.answered-him umma 1-PART
Translation: I answered, (and) this is what I said “…”’ (Deutscher 2000: 72)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: iq̄biú niimma umma sunuma …
Glosses: they.said-to me-PART umma they-PART …
Translation: They talked to me, (and) this is what they said “…”’ (our translation) (Deutscher 2000: 73)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: iman i wa , saxa’ gatof la un tei gom me’
Glosses: they 3PL say chicken 3SG-egg FOC CONT.DST box 3SG-inside be.in
Translation: They think that there is a chicken egg in the box.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: ha ho’on
Glosses: 2SG 2SG-hide
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan a wa hahutan ari’
Glosses: Natan 3SG say 2SG-bow break
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: kri Bart [indan ma] nawalas maan
Glosses: respected.old.man Bart anything COME 1SG-tell NEG
Translation: Bart did not tell me (about) anything.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: amidan la Natan [t ma] hawalas ?
Glosses: what FOC Natan COME 2SG-tell
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan [amidan ma] hawalas ?
Glosses: Natan what COME 2SG-tell
Translation: Natan told you what?
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Hala nawulul a i’.
Glosses: people 1SG-tell 3SG sick
Translation: People tell me that he’s sick.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: na nom na wa ha un Qalambas me’
Glosses: 1SG 1SG-inside 1SG say you CONT Kalabahi be.in
Translation: I thought to myself that you would be in Kalabahi.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: yi’in la nawalas maan yi wa insi yiyaf waad wan kariyan
Glosses: 2PL FOC 1SG-tell NEG 2PL say FUT 2PL-house big be work
Translation: You did not tell me that you will perhaps build a big house (for yourselves).
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Hala napuan yaa qai hala wa a ii
Glosses: others 1SG-talk nonsense others say 3SG sick
Translation: They told me as joke that he is sick.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: na nom a wa […]
Glosses: 1SG 1SG-inside 3SG say …
Translation: I thought to myself he said that …
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Hadan napakan gaxai .
Glosses: 2SG-PART 1SG-call-REAL do.not
Translation: Do not call me.’ (Lit. ‘Your obligation is not to call me’) (Klamer 2010a: 301)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Hamar ma walas le , hadan eran xoran .
Glosses: pray COME tell or 2SG-PART make-REAL thus
Translation: You should pray!’ (Lit. ‘Saying prayers, make that your obligation!’) (Klamer 2010a: 299)
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Hadan Ben gawalas gaxai ha wa na tabako ma iga
Glosses: 2SG-PART Ben 3SG-tell do.not 2SG say 1SG tobacco COME hide
Translation: Do not tell Ben that I hid the tobacco.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Yilag la Ben a wa ha gua ?
Glosses: who FOC Ben 3SG say 2SG 3SG-hit
Translation: Who did Ben say you hit?
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Amidan la Ben ma haultagan a wa bif ga’an sii ?
Glosses: What FOC Ben COME 2SG-tell-REAL 3SG say child that bite
Translation: About what did Ben tell you that it bit that child?
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Yilag la Ben piwalas a wa insi a nua
Glosses: who FOC Ben 1PL.INCL-tell 3SG say maybe 3SG 1SG-hit ? 
Translation: Who did Ben tell us will hit me?
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: ha fa ata gasoi ulang Bimbo gaultag sin .
Glosses: 2SG try once.again 3SG-order repeat(IND) Bimbo 3SG-talk first
Translation: Tell him to repeat what Bimbo said.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan a nawalas a wa a pemantik pin ayaf ma gi
Glosses: Natan 3SG 1SG-tell 3SG say 3SG lighter(IND) hold 3SG-house COME go
Translation: Natan told me that he took the lighter to his house.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan a nawalas a wa a bai gaal
Glosses: Natan 3SG 1SG-tell 3SG say 3SG pig shoot.with.arrow
Translation: Natan told me that he shot a pig.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: atab , a gawalas maan a wa , a gi tabaku gauyan
Glosses: true 3SG 3SG-tell NEG 3SG say 3SG go tobacco 3SG-search
Translation: That’s true, he did not say that he went to get tobacco.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: na Ben gawalas Natan gabaq muling
Glosses: 1SG Ben 3SG-tell Natan 3SG-body weak
Translation: I told Ben [that] Natan is tired.’ [JL.E789.56]
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan ma nawalas Ben gawalas a un tii’in quri
Glosses: Natan COME 1SG-tell [Ben 3SG-tell [3SG PROG lie.down-REAL sleepy]]
Translation: Natan told me to tell Ben that he is going to sleep.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: na gawalas [nɑʊ] gabaq muling
Glosses: 1SG 3SG-tell 1SG say 3SG-body weak
Translation: I tell him he is tired.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: na gawalas nǝ , Natan tuax maya’
Glosses: 1SG 3SG-tell 1SG.say Natan wine spill
Translation: I tell him that Natan spilled the wine.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Natan a nawalas maan a wa a xaf kariman ol
Glosses: Natan 3SG 1SG-tell  3SG say 3SG boat small buy
Translation: bisentential: ‘Natan did not talk to me. He said he is buying a small boat.’ monosentential: ‘Natan did not tell me that he is buying a small boat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Natan: na gi bui gu’uyan .
Glosses:  1SG go betelnut 3SG-search
Language: Beng
Transcription: Ben: Natan amidan la ma hawalas ?
Glosses:  Natan what FOC COME 2SG-tell
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bimbo: Natan a wa , a gi tabako gu’uyan .
Glosses:  Natan 3SG say 3SG go tobacco 3SG-search
Translation: Bimbo (to Ben): ‘Natan said he goes to search tobacco.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: LT: xoran si , atab Natan a Bimbo gawalas maan a wa , a gi tabako gu’uyan le maan ?
Glosses:  then SIM true Natan 3SG Bimbo 3SG-tell NEG 3SG say 3SG go cigarette 3SG-search or NEG
Translation: LT: ‘So then, Natan did not say to Bimbo that he went to look for cigarettes.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: AM: atab a gawalas maan a wa , a gi tabako gu’uyan
Glosses:  true 3SG 3SG-tell NEG 3SG say 3SG go cigarette 3SG-search
Translation: AM: ‘Yes, he did not tell him that went to look for cigarettes.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Hadan Ben gawalas ha wa na gapemantik ma iga .
Glosses: 2SG-PART Ben 3SG-tell 2SG say 1SG 3SG-lighter COME hide
Translation: Do not tell Ben that I hid his lighter.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: A xoran si yi gasar le maan ?
Glosses: 3SG thus SIM 2PL 3SG-find or NEG
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Bimbo a Ben gawalas maan a wa Natan gawarax sin le maan ?
Glosses: Bimbo 3SG Ben 3SG-tell  3SG say Natan 3SG-wait first or NEG
Translation: (lit.) ‘Bimbo did not tell Ben – he said to wait for Natan – or not?
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: nom qalixil
Glosses: 1SG-inside itchy
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: (na) nom garegan
Glosses: 1SG 1SG-inside 3SG-ask
Translation: I think/say to myself.’ (Klamer 2010a: 94 & 98)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: O kathijitis chirokroti tus fitites .
Glosses: the professor applaud.ACT.PRES-3S the students
Translation: The professor applauds the students.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I fitites chirokrotunde apo ton kathijiti .
Glosses: the students applaud-NACT.PRES.3P by the professor
Translation: The students are applauded by the professor.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I fitites chirokrotithikan apo ton kathijiti .
Glosses: the students applaud-NACT.PAST-3P by the professor
Translation: The students were applauded by the professor.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: O kathijitis ksirizete .
Glosses: the professor shave-NACT.PRES.3S
Translation: The professor is shaving.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ta pedhia agaliazonde .
Glosses: the children hug-NACT.PRES.3P
Translation: The children are hugging each other.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To kenurjo vivlio tu Markari diavazete ghrighora .
Glosses: the new book the Markari.GEN read-NACT.PRES.3S fast
Translation: Markari’s new book reads fast.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I nosokoma peripiite kala ton astheni .
Glosses: the nurse take care-NACT.PRES.3S well the patient
Translation: The nurse takes good care of the patient.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To trapezomandilo lerothike (apo ti saltsa).
Glosses: the tablecloth get dirty-NACT.PAST-3S from the sauce
Translation: The tablecloth got dirty from the sauce.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To vazo espase (apo ton sismo).
Glosses: the vase break.ACT.PAST-3S from the earthquake
Translation: The vase broke from the earthquake.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ta mallia mu stegnothikan apo tin komotria .
Glosses: the hair mine dry-NACT.PAST-3P from the hairdresser
Translation: My hair was dried from the hairdresser.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I Maria aghapithike poli apo ton adra tis .
Glosses: the Maria love-NACT.PAST-3S a lot by the husband her
Translation: Maria was loved a lot by her husband.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I tenia pu misithike apo ton spudheo skinotheti .
Glosses: the movie that hate-NACT.PAST-3S by the important director
Translation: The movie that was hated by the important director.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To ghrama paralifthike apo ton Emona .
Glosses: the letter receive-NACT.PAST-3S by the Emona
Translation: The letter was received by Emonas.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I epifania tha kopi ce tha charahti apo to laser .
Glosses: the surface will cut.NACT.PAST-3S and will engrave.NACT.PAST-3S by the laser
Translation: The surface will be cut and engraved by the laser.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tha enimerothike apo kapjo pulaci .
Glosses: must inform-NACT.PAST-3S by some little.bird
Translation: He must have been filled in/informed by some little bird.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To bukali adjase apo mono tu . Anticausative
Glosses: the bottle empty.ACT.PAST-3S by alone its 
Translation: The bottle was emptied by itself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To vivlio diavastike (*apo mono tu). Passive
Glosses: the book read-NACT.PAST-3S by alone its 
Translation: The book was read by itself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I porta anikse (*skopima) (apo ton aera). Anticausative
Glosses: the door open.ACT.PAST-3S intentionally from the wind 
Translation: The door opened (*intentionally) from the wind.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To thima dholofonithike (skopima). Passive
Glosses: the victim murder-NACT.PAST-3S intentionally 
Translation: The victim was murdered intentionally.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To sistima ijias apodhiorganothike ce katalithike (*apo mono tu).
Glosses: the system health disorganize-NACT.PAST-3S and eradicate-NACT.PAST-3S by alone its
Translation: The health system was disorganized and eradicated (*by itself).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To sistima ijias apodhiorganothike ce katalithike (skopima) (ja na to fortosun stin kivernisi).
Glosses: the system health disorganize-NACT.PAST-3S and eradicate-NACT.PAST-3S intentionally for na it.CL blame.ACT.PRES-3P to-the government
Translation: The health system was disorganized and eradicated (intentionally) (so that they can blame it on the government).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To sistima ijias apodhiorganothike ce katalithike (apo tin pandhimia).
Glosses: the system health disorganize-NACT.PAST-3S and eradicate-NACT.PAST-3S by the pandemic
Translation: The health system was disorganized and eradicated (by the pandemic).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ta dhakrighona metaferthikan edho (*apo mona tus).
Glosses: the tear gas transfer-NACT.PAST-3P here by alone their
Translation: The tear gas was transferred (*by itself).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ta dhakrighona metaferthikan edho (skopima).
Glosses: the tear gas transfer-NACT.PAST-3P here deliberately
Translation: The tear gas was transferred here (on purpose).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ta dhakrighona metaferthikan edho (apo tin vrochi).
Glosses: the tear gas transfer-NACT.PAST-3P here by the rain
Translation: The tear gas was transferred here (by the rain).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I ekdhilosi amavrothike (*apo moni tis).
Glosses: the demonstration tarnish-NACT.PAST-3S by alone its
Translation: The demonstration was tarnished (*by itself).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I ekdhilosi amavrothike (skopima).
Glosses: the demonstration tarnish-NACT.PAST-3S deliberately
Translation: The demonstration was tarnished deliberately.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I ekdhilosi amavrothike (apo ta jeghonota).
Glosses: the demonstration tarnish-NACT.PAST-3S by the events
Translation: The demonstration was tarnished by the events.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: O tihos vaftike kokinos (*apo monos tu).
Glosses: the wall paint-NACT.PAST-3S red by alone its
Translation: The wall was painted red by itself.