lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [pɤnmawombɤr tɯ~tɯ-ŋu] nɤ , pɯ-ta-sɯxɕɤt nɯ nɯ-ndɯn ra
Glosses: ANTHR COND~2-be:FACT ADD AOR-1→2-teach DEM IMP-read be.needed:FACT
Translation: If you (really) are Padma 'Od'bar, recite [the mantra] that I have taught you.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯrme ɲɯ~ɲɯ-maʁ] nɤ , a-ku ɲɯ-sɤpʰar-a ŋu tɕe tɕe , jɤ-pʰɣo
Glosses: person COND~SENS-not.be ADD 1SG.POSS-head IPFV-shake-1SG be:FACT LNK LNK IMP-flee
Translation: If (the thing in the tree) is not a man, I will shake my head, and you (had better) flee.' (khu 2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯrɟɯ laχtɕʰa cʰo rŋɯl ra mɯ~mɤ-jɤ-tɯ-ɣɯt] nɤ , nɤkinɯ , pjɯ-ta-sat ŋu
Glosses: fortune thing COMIT silver PL COND~NEG-AOR-2-bring ADD FILLER IPFV-1→2-kill be:FACT
Translation: If you do not bring goods and money, we will kill you.' (160706 poucet6)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯɕnɯ-rʑaʁ jamar tɤ-tsu tɕe tɕe pjɯ-rle tɕe tu-rtoʁ tɕe , tɕe ɯ-tó-pe nɤ tɕe nɯ ma mɤ-ra , ɯ-mɯ́-to-pe nɤ tɕe li tu-xtɕɤr ŋu .
Glosses: seven-day about AOR-pass LNK LNK IPFV-untie[III] LNK IPFV-look LNK LNK QU-IFR-be.good ADD LNK DEM apart.from NEG-be.needed:FACT QU-NEG-IFR-be.good ADD LNK again IPFV-attach be:FACT
Translation: After seven days, [the doctor] unties [the splint] and looks, if [the fracture] has healed, [the splint] is not needed anymore, if it has not improved, [the doctor] attaches [the splint] again.' (140426 laxthab)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [tɯ-ndzrɯ kɯ mɯ~mɤ-nɯ́-wɣ-sɯ-qʰrɯt] qʰe mɯ́j-ŋgra .
Glosses: LNK GENR.POSS-nail ERG COND~NEG-AOR-INV-CAUS-scrape LNK NEG:SENS-ACAUS:cause.to.fall
Translation: [Nits] (are firmly attached and) will not detach unless one scrapes them with one's nail.' (21-mdzadi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-nɯ-ɲat-nɯ tɕe tɯ-tɕʰa nɤ tɯ-tɕʰa nɯ , nɤki <dianxian> ɯ-taʁ , qʰe sɯku ɯ-taʁ nɯtɕu tu-nɯna-nɯ tɕe
Glosses: IRR-PFV-be.tired-PL LNK one-pair LNK one-pair DEM electric.wire 3SG.POSS-on LNK treetop 3SG.POSS-on DEM LOC IPFV-rest-PL LNK
Translation: If/Whenever [the swallows] are tired (from flying), they rest in pairs on electrical wires or on trees.' (03-mWrmWmbjW-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɯna nɯ a-tɤ-ngo tɕe tɕendɤre ɲɯ-sɲu kɯ-fse ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: dog DEM IRR-PFV-be.ill LNK LNK IPFV-be.mad SBJ:PCP-be SENS-be
Translation: If a dog gets ill (from rabbies), it will become like mad.' (29-chWsYu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ kɤsɯfse kɯ a-pɯ-tsʰi-nɯ tɕe nɯ kóʁmɯz nɤ kɤsɯfse cʰɯ-tsʰu-nɯ ra tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM ALL ERG IRR-PFV:DOWN-drink-PL LNK DEM only.then ADD all IPFV-be.fat-PL be.needed:FACT LNK
Translation: It is only if all [of the pigs] get to eat (hogwash) that they will all grow fat.' (i.e. a person has to be appointed to prevent the pigs from fighting, otherwise the weaker pigs would get nothing to eat).' (160708 paRtshi WkWrWru)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zraβ a-pɯ-tu kóʁmɯz nɤ tsʰɤnmu cʰɯ-rɤpɯ tɕe tɕe nɯ ɲɯ-mpʰɯl ra .
Glosses: male.goat IRR-IPFV-exist only.then ADD female.goat IPFV-bear.young LNK LNK DEM IPFV-reproduce be.needed:FACT
Translation: Nanny goats can bear young and reproduce only if a male goat is present.' (05-qaZo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-mtʰɯm ndɤre , [nɯ-kɯ-ɣɤdi pɯ-nɯ-ŋu] kɯnɤ tu-ndze ɕti .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat LNK AOR-SBJ:PCP-be.smelly PST.IPFV-AUTO-be also IPFV-eat[III] be.AFF:FACT
Translation: [Crows] eat meat even if it has become smelly.' (22-qajdo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [cʰɯ́-wɣ-nɯ-βlɯ] kɯnɤ , tu-nɯt ʁo ŋu ri , ɯ-ʁrɤt nɯ ɲaʁ ʑo qʰe , maka ɲɯ-ɣɤ-mpje mɤ-cʰa .
Glosses: IPFV-INV-burn also IPFV-be.ignited ADVERS be:FACT LNK 3SG.POSS-charcoal DEM be.black:FACT EMPH LNK at.all IPFV-CAUS-be.warm[III] NEG-can:FACT
Translation: Even when one burns it, although it does ignite, its charcoal is black and it does not warm anything. (17-thowum)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯ-ɕɣa pɯ-kɯ-ɴɢrɯ pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu], [pɯ-kɯ-ɣɤtsɯr pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu] qʰe , [qajɯ kɯ tu-ndze pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu], nɯfse tu-kɯ-mŋɤm pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu], nɯnɯ kɯ wuma ʑo nɯsmɤn .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-tooth IPFV-SBJ:PCP-ACAUS:break PST.IPFV-AUTO-be AOR-SBJ:PCP-crack PST.IPFV-AUTO-be LNK bug ERG IPFV-eat[III] PST.IPFV-AUTO-be like.that IPFV-SBJ:PCP-hurt PST.IPFV-AUTO-be DEM ERG very EMPH heal:FACT
Translation: Whether one's tooth is broken, cracked, decayed or whether it simply hurts, he (a particular dentist) treats it very well.' (27-tApGi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯ-sɯm pɯ-a<nɯ>ri] nɤ ju-kɯ-ɕe , [mɯ-pɯ-a<nɯ>ri] nɤ ju-kɯ-ɕe pɯ-ra
Glosses: GENR.POSS-mind PST.IPFV-<AUTO>go[II] LNK IPFV-GENR:S/O-go, NEG-PST.IPFV-<AUTO>go[II] LNK IPFV-GENR:S/O-go PST.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: One had to go whether one liked it or not.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ta-nɤla pɯ-nɯ-ŋu pɯ-nɯ-maʁ] ɕe-a ra
Glosses: AOR:3→3-agree PST.IPFV-AUTO-be PST.IPFV-AUTO-not.be IPFV:go-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: I will go whether he agrees or not.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɯŋa ŋu] ɕi , [mbro ŋu] ma , pjɯ-nɤndɤɣ ɲɯ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: cow be:FACT SFP horse be:FACT LNK IPFV-be.poisoned SENS-be.usually.the.case
Translation: Whether it is a cow or a horse, they end up poisoned.' (25-qarmWrwa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [[ɕe] [mɤ-ɕe] tɯ-me] ma kɤ-nɤma tɯ-cʰa me qʰe naχtɕɯɣ ɕti
Glosses: BARE.INF:go NEG-BARE.INF:go 2-not.exist:FACT LNK INF-work 2-can:FACT not.exist:FACT LNK be.the.same:FACT be:FACT
Translation: [It does not matter] whether you go or not, you are not able to do anything, it amounts to the same.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmɕku nɯ tɕe , ɯ-dɯχɯn wuma ʑo mɯm tɕe , … [tɕʰi <cai> tɤ́-wɣ-nɯ-βzɯ~βzu] ʑo pjɯ-tu ra .
Glosses: garlic DEM LNK 3SG.POSS-fragrance really EMPH be.tasty:FACT LNK _ what dish AOR-INV-AUTO-EMPH~make EMPH IPFV-exist be.needed:FACT
Translation: Garlic has a nice smell, (…), whatever dish one prepares, there has to be [garlic] (in it).' (07-kWmCku)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰomba tɕe [tʰɤjtɕu ɯ-ʁjiz tɤ-ɣe] qʰe ju-nnɯ-ɣi ɕti ma
Glosses: cold LNK when 3SG.POSS-wish AOR-come[II] LNK IPFV-AUTO-come be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: A cold (the disease) comes whenever it wants (i.e. it occurs spontaneously).' (22-tAmbrWm)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɕʰi pɯ-nɯ-fsɤ~fse] ʑo nɤ-rca tu-kɯ-tsɯm-a ra
Glosses: what PST.IPFV-AUTO-EMPH~be.like EMPH 2SG.POSS-together IPFV-2→1-take.away-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: In any case (whatever the circumstances are like), take me with you.' (07-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ŋotɕu nɯ-ɬɯ~ɬoʁ] ʑo wuma ʑo sɤɣdɯɣ
Glosses: where AOR-EMPH~come.out EMPH really EMPH be.annoying:FACT
Translation: No matter where it grows, it is very annoying.' (5-khArWm)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯz tɕe [aʑo tɕʰi tɯ~tɤ-stu-t-a] nɯ tɤ-ste je
Glosses: INTERJ LNK 1SG what TOTAL~AOR-do.like-PST:TR-1SG DEM IMP-do.like[III] SFP
Translation: Come on, do everything in the same way as me.' (i.e. in whatever way I act, act in this way) (140511 xinbada-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [aʑo nɤʑo kɯ iɕqʰa nɯtɕu ɣɯ-tu-kɯ-qur-a a-pɯ-ŋu] tɕe , nɯnɯ wuma ʑo pɯ-nɤ-pe-t-a ma
Glosses: 1SG 2SG ERG just.before DEM:LOC CISL-IPFV-2→1-help-1SG IRR-PST.IPFV-be LNK DEM really EMPH PST.IPFV-TROP-be.good-PST:TR-1SG LNK
Translation: If you had come and helped me right before, I would have appreciated it.' (140427 liangge shibiang he qiangdao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰam tɕe nɤki χawo [aʑo a-mi a-pɯ-tu] tɕe , nɯ rɟɤlpu ɯ-tɕɯ nɯ ɯ-rkɯ nɯtɕu kɯ-rɤʑi nɯ aʑo a-pɯ-ŋu-a pɯ-ra
Glosses: now LNK FILLER if.only 1SG 1SG.POSS-leg IRR-IPFV-exist LNK DEM king 3SG.POSS-son DEM 3SG.POSS-side DEM:LOC SBJ:PCP-stay DEM 1SG IRR-IPFV-be-1SG PST.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: If only I had legs now, the one next to the prince would have had to be me.' (said by the little mermaid, who has no legs) (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯrme ra jɯ~jɤ-ɣe-nɯ] ʑo tu-nɯrmɤʑu pjɤ-ŋu tɕe
Glosses: people PL ITER~AOR-come[II]-PL EMPH IPFV-show.off IFR.IPFV-be LNK
Translation: Each time people came, he would show off.' (2011-10-qajdo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-mɯ kɯ~ka-lɤt ʑo zdɯmlaʁrɯʁrɯ ju-nɯ-ɬoʁ ŋu
Glosses: sky ITER~AOR-release EMPH snail IPFV-AUTO-come.out be:FACT
Translation: Each time it rains, snails come out.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [lɤ-zo-nɯ] qʰe tɯtɯrca lu-zo-nɯ , [tʰɯ-nɯqambɯmbjom-nɯ] qʰe tɯtɯrca cʰɯ-nɯqambɯmbjom-nɯ ,
Glosses: LNK AOR:UPSTREAM-land-PL LNK together IPFV:UPSTREAM-land-PL AOR:DOWNSTREAM-fly-PL LNK together IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-fly-PL
Translation: When they land they all land together, when they fly they all fly together.' (23-scuz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɲɯ-si] ɕɯŋgɯ pɯ-nɯ-ɴɢɤt-ndʑi
Glosses: IPFV-die before AOR-AUTO-ACAUS:separate-DU
Translation: They had divorced before she died.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɬamu kɯ [ɣi-ndʑi] tɤkʰa tɕe pɯwɯ ɯ-ɕki ɯʑo kɯ ta-tɯt nɯra ci to-sɯʁjit
Glosses: ANTHR ERG come:FACT-DU about.to LNK donkey 3SG-DAT 3SG ERG AOR:3→3-say[II] DEM IFR-remember LNK
Translation: Lhamo remembered [what] she had said to her donkey as they were about to depart (to come here).' (2002 qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [amboʁ] tɤkʰa tɕe tɕe ɲɯ-mu-a tɕe , tɕe a-jaʁ ɲɯ-mɯnmu ɲɯ-ɕti qʰe
Glosses: burst:FACT about.to LNK LNK SENS-be.afraid-1SG LNK LNK 1SG.POSS-hand IPFV-move SENS-be:AFF LNK
Translation: (When I was aiming), as [the gun] was about to burst (i.e. to go off), I was afraid and my hand moved.' (28-CAmWGdW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɕɤr jɯ-jɤ-azɣɯt] tɕe (...) ɯ-kɤrme nɯ pjɤ-ɕɯ-ɴqoʁ
Glosses: night PROX-AOR-arrive LNK _ 3SG.POSS-hair DEM IFR-CAUS-hang
Translation: Just before the night fell, [the witch] hung her hair [on the window of the tower].' (140506 woju guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrmɯ ko-ɣi tɕe ʑatsa qanɯ pjɤ-ŋu
Glosses: evening IFR-come LNK soon be.dark:FACT IPFV.IFR-be
Translation: The evening came and it was about to be dark (i.e., it was getting dark).' (140510 fengwang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-kɤ-kʰo nɯ [mɯ-tʰa-ɕkɯt] mɤɕtʂa tu-ndze ɲɯ-ɕti .
Glosses: AOR-OBJ:PCP-give DEM NEG-AOR:3→3-eat.completely until IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be.AFF
Translation: [The monkey] (cannot control its urge to eat, and) eats [the things that people] have given him it none are left (until it has completely finished eating them).' (19-GzW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [“jɤ-ɕe jɤɣ” mɯ-tɤ-tɯt-a] mɤɕtʂa ma-nɯ-tɯ-mɯnmu ra
Glosses: IMP-go be.allowed:FACT NEG-AOR-say[II]-1SG until NEG-IMP-2-move be.needed:FACT
Translation: Don't move until I tell [you] that you can go.' (qala 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ʑimkʰɤm ʑo tu-ndza-nɯ] mɤɕtʂa kɤ-mqlaʁ mɯ́j-βze .
Glosses: long.time EMPH IPFV-chew-PL until INF-swallow NEG:SENS-make[III]
Translation: [The animals] do not swallow until they have chewed it for along time.' (19-qachGa mWntoR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [<weixiao> kɯβde-xpa pɯ-stʰɯt-a] ɯ-qʰu tɕe tɕendɤre , <fenpeigongzuo> tɕe ʁdɯrɟɤt lɤ́-wɣ-lat-a-nɯ
Glosses: nursing.school four-year AOR-finish-1SG 3SG.POSS-after LNK LNK assign.work LNK TOPO AOR:UPSTREAM-INV-release-1SG-PL
Translation: After I finished the four years of nursing school, they assigned me a work position and sent me to Gdongbrgyad.' (140501 tshering skyid)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [smɯntʂɯɣ nɯnɯ tɤ-ɬoʁ] ɯ-qʰu tsa ri tɕe tɕe , qandʐe tu-ɬoʁ ŋu .
Glosses: Pleiades DEM AOR-come.out 3SG.POSS-after a.little LOC LNK LNK earthworm IPFV-come.out be:FACT
Translation: The [constellation of the] earthworm appears a little after the Pleiades have come out.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯ-mɯ ka-lɤt] ɯ-mpʰru nɯ tu .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sky AOR:3→3-release 3SG.POSS-after DEM exist:FACT
Translation: It is found after it has rained.' (23-mbrAZim)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [nɯ tu-tɯ-ɬoʁ] ʑo qʰe cʰɯ-pʰɯt-nɯ cʰɯ-βde-nɯ ɕti .
Glosses: LNK DEM IPFV-IMM:CONV-come.out EMPH LNK IPFV-take.out-PL IPFV-throw-PL be.AFF:FACT
Translation: As soon as it comes out (in fields), [the farmers] pluck it off and throw it away.' (16-CWrNgo, 35
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [tu-tɯ-ɬoʁ] tɕe rqʰɤrqʰɤt ʑo ɲɯ-pa
Glosses: LNK IPFV-IMM:CONV-come.out LNK IDPH(II):fresh.and.firm EMPH SENS-AUX
Translation: When [this mushroom] has just come out, it is nice and firm.' (24-zwArqhAjmAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ tɤ-ɬoʁ ɕimɯma tɕe ɲɯ-ɤrʁɯrʁu
Glosses: DEM AOR-come.out immediately.after LNK SENS-be.wrinkled
Translation: When [the stalk of the fern] has just come out, it is all wrinkled.' (13-NanWkWmtsWG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɤ-wa nɯ kɯ-fse jɤ-ari] ɕaŋpɕi nɯ tɕe mɯ-jɤ-a<nɯ>zɣɯt ɕti tɕe
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-father DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like AOR-go[II] since DEM LNK NEG-AOR-<VERT>arrive be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: Ever since your father went (to the mission) like that, he has not come back.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ci nɯra lɤ-azɣɯt-nɯ] ɕaŋpɕi nɯ tɕe , tɕʰeme nɯ tɯ-ɣjɤn ci kɯnɤ nɯ-nɤre kɤ-mtsʰɤm pɯ-me
Glosses: INDEF DEM:PL AOR:UPSTREAM-arrive-PL since DEM LNK girl DEM one-time INDEF also AOR-laugh OBJ:PCP-hear PST.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: Ever since the others had come back (to the king's palace), the girl (that they had brought with them) had not been heard laughing even once.' (qachGa 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [pɯ-nɯmdar-ndʑi] ɯ-ɣmɯr nɯtɕu tɕe mtsʰu nɯ cʰɯmcʰɯm ʑo , tɕe , tɯ-skɤm pjɤ-sɤʑa
Glosses: AOR-jump-DU 3SG.POSS-evening DEM:LOC LOC lake DEM IDPH(II):slowly EMPH LNK INF:II-dry.up IFR:DOWN-start
Translation: In the evening when they jumped [into the lake], the level of the lake started to drop slowly and the lake disappeared' (2003, Nyimawozer 2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯnɯnɯtɕu ʁo [tɯʑo pɯ-kɯ-xtɕi] ri rcanɯ , mtɕʰi kɯ-wxtɯ~wxti ʑo pɯ-tu .
Glosses: DEM:LOC ADVERS:TOP GENR PST.IPFV-GENR:S/O-be.small LOC UNEXP:DEG sea.buckthorn SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.big EMPH PST.IPFV-exist
Translation: There, when we were young, there was a huge sea buckthorn.' (140522 Kamnyu zgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma [iʑora pɯ-xtɕi-j] jɤz tu-ndza-j mɯ-pɯ-ŋgrɤl ma
Glosses: LNK 1PL PST.IPFV-be.small-1PL when IPFV-eat-1PL NEG-PST.IPFV-be.usually.the.case LNK
Translation: When we were little, we did not eat it.' (13-NanWkWmtsWG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre [tu-nɯsmɤn] ɯ-kʰɯkʰa tu-rɤma-nɯ
Glosses: LNK IPFV-treat 3SG-the.same.time IPFV-work-PL
Translation: [The lepers]_i worked (there) while [the doctor] was treating them_i.' (25-khArWm)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɯnɯ ju-rɟɯɣ] ɯ-kʰɯkʰa ɯ-se ku-tsʰi ɲɯ-ɕti .
Glosses: DEM IPFV-run 3SG-the.same.time 3SG.POSS-blood IPFV-drink SENS-be:AFF
Translation: [The lion] drinks [its prey's]_i blood while it_i is (still) running.' (20-sWNgi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯʑo tɤ-wxti] ɯ-jɯja tɕe ɯ-jwaʁ nɯnɯ ɲɯ~ɲɯ-ndɯβ ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG AOR-be.big 3SG.POSS-along LNK 3SG.POSS-leaf DEM INCR~IPFV-be.tiny EMPH SENS-be
Translation: As it grows big, its leaves become more and more tiny.' (09-mi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zgoku tɤ-mbro ɯ-jɯja nɯ ʑmbri tu-tɯ-ldʑɯz ʑo ŋu
Glosses: mountain AOR-be.high 3SG.POSS-along DEM willow INCR~-IPFV-be.flexible EMPH be:FACT
Translation: The higher [ones goes] in the mountain, the more the [wood] of the willows is flexible.' (07-Zmbri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ɲɯ-nɯɣ-me rɯtɕi , nɯ kɯnɤ ku-χse ɲɯ-ra . tɕe [sɤz-nɯɣ-mɯ~ɣmu] ʑo ku-χse ɲɯ-ra .
Glosses: DEM IPFV-APPL-fear[III] LNK DEM also IPFV-feed[III] SENS-be.needed LNK GER-APPL-fear EMPH IPFV-feed[III] SENS-be.needed
Translation: Even though it_i is afraid of it_j, it_i has to feed it_i , and it_i has to feed it_i while being afraid of it._i ' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa tɯ-ndʐi nɯ nɤki , [ɣɯrŋi] ʁaznɤ nɯnɯ nɯnɯtɕu pjɯ-tʂɯβ-nɯ tɕe tɕe
Glosses: the.aforementioned INDEF.POSS-skin DEM FILLER be.wet:FACT while DEM DEM:LOC IPFV-sew-PL LNK LNK
Translation: They would sew the skin while it was still wet.' (06-BGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯʑora tɕe ki ɲɯ-nɯʑɯβ ʁaznɤ , [kɯ-nɯʑɯβ] nɯ kɤ-naχtʰɤβ-nɯ tɕe , jɤ-pʰɣo-nɯ !
Glosses: 2PL LNK DEM.PROX SENS-sleep while SBJ:PCP-sleep DEM IMP-take.the.opportunity-PL LNK IMP-flee-PL
Translation: Flee while this one [the ogre] is sleeping.' (160706 poucet6)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa srɯnmɯ nɯ to-tɕʰɯ to-nɯdrɯβ tɕe pjɤ-sat
Glosses: the.aforementioned râkshasî DEM IFR-gore IFR-repeatedly.gore LNK IFR-kill
Translation: [The rhinoceros] gored the râkshasî repeatedly and killed her.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: srɯnmɯ nɯ to-nɯdrɯβ ʑo to-tɕʰɯ
Glosses: râkshasî DEM IFR-repeatedly.gore EMPH IFR-gore
Translation: [The rhinoceros] gored the râkshasî repeatedly and killed her.' (elicited on the basis of ex:totChW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯ-ru nɯ ki tú-wɣ-stu] [pjɯ́-wɣ-qlɯt]
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-stalk DEM DEM:PROX IPFV-INV-do.like IPFV-INV-break
Translation: One breaks its stalk like this.' (14-tasa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [aʑo kɯki ntsɯ kú-wɣ-stu-a-nɯ] tɕe , [kú-wɣ-znɯkʰrɯm-a-nɯ]
Glosses: 1SG DEM:PROX always IPFV-INV-do.like-1SG-PL LNK IPFV-INV-punish-1SG-PL
Translation: They tortured me like this.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo nɯ sŋiɕɤr ʑo kutɕu [ki fse-a] [ndzur-a] ntsɯ ɲɯ-ra tɕe
Glosses: 1SG DEM night.and.day EMPH here DEM:PROX be.like:FACT-1SG stand:FACT-1SG always SENS-be.needed like
Translation: I have to stand like this night and day.' (The divination, 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰɯ-rgɤz-i , sna nɯ-me-j tɕe [ki tɤ-fse-j] tɕe [cʰɯ́-wɣ-nɯcʰɤmda-j] ɕti
Glosses: AOR-be.old-1PL be.good AOR-not.exist-1PL LNK DEM.PROX AOR-be.like-1SG LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-drink.with.a.straw-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Now that we have become old and useless, we became like this, they drink our [blood] with straws (planted in our back).' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰɯ-tɯ-rgɤz tɕe [ki tɯ́-wɣ-stu] [tɯ́-wɣ-nɯcʰɤmda] ɕti tɕe ,
Glosses: AOR-2-be.old LNK DEM.PROX 2-INV-do.like:FACT 2-INV-drink.with.a.straw:FACT be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: When you become old, they will drink you (your blood) like this with a straw (planted on your back)' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pjɤ-sŋur ʑo pjɤ-nɯʑɯβ ɕti ma , maka ʑo mɯ-pjɤ-sɯχsɤl .
Glosses: IFR.IPFV-snore EMPH IPFV.IFR-sleep be.AFF:FACT LNK at.all EMPH NEG-IFR-realize
Translation: [The aquatic monster] was snoring in its sleep, and did not notice anything.' (140508 benling gaoqiang de si xiongdi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wuma ʑo kɯ-tso nɯra nɯ-si-nɯ nɯ-arɕo-nɯ ɕti
Glosses: really EMPH SBJ:PCP-understand DEM:PL AOR-die-PL AOR-be.finished-PL be.AFF:FACT
Translation: The [elders] who knew [traditional stories] really well have all died.' (conversation, 2016-03-20)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɤ-rɟɯɣ] (kɯ) (ʑo) jo-ɕe
Glosses: INF-run ERG EMPH IFR-go
Translation: He went running.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kɯɕɯŋgɯ ji-si nɯra [kɤ-fkur] ʁɟa kɯ jú-wɣ-sɯ-ɤzɣɯt-nɯ pɯ-ra .
Glosses: LNK in.former.times 1PL.POSS-wood DEM:PL INF-carry.on.the.back completely ERG IPFV-INV-CAUS-reach-PL PST.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: In former times, one used to transport firewood exclusively by carrying it on one's back.' (140430 tWfkur)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯ-ɣi ra nɯ-mɤ-kɤ-sɯz] nɯ rŋɯl nɯ ɲɤ-mbi .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-relative PL 3PL.POSS-NEG-INF-know DEM silver DEM IFR-give
Translation: She_i gave him money without her_i relatives knowing (about it).' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-mu nɯ kɯ rcanɯ , maka ʑo mɤ-kɤ-rɯsɯso kɯ to-nɤla
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-mother DEM ERG UNEXP:DEG at.all EMPH NEG-INF-think ERG IFR-agree
Translation: The woman accepted without thinking at all.' (150907 yingning-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯ-mɲaʁ kɤ-cɯ mɤ-kɤ-sɤ-cʰa] ʑo mŋɤm
Glosses: GENR.POSS-eye INF-open NEG-INF-PROP-can EMPH hurt:FACT
Translation: [This disease] hurts so much that one cannot open one's eyes.' (25-kACAl)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: βʑɯ nɯ kɯ [tɕʰi kɤ-cʰa] ʑo to-nɯrdoʁ nɤ to-nɯrdoʁ
Glosses: mouse DEM ERG what INF-can EMPH IFR-collect ADD IFR-collect
Translation: The mouse collected as much [fruits] as it could.' (lWlu 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ [tɯ-jaʁ kɤ-lɤt mɤ-kɯ-ra] tɯ-ci kɯ cʰɯ-sɯ-mtɕɯr pɯ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: DEM GENR.POSS-had INF-release NEG-INF:STAT-be.needed INDEF.POSS-water ERG IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-turn PST.IPFV-be.usually.the.case
Translation: The water would make the [toy waterwheel] turn without needing to use one's hand.' (08-kWmtChW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kutɕu sɤ-mtsɯ~mtsɯr] ku-rɤʑit-a tɕe , jisŋi ndɤ tɯmɯkɯmpɕi kɯ pɯ́-wɣ-nɯ-mbi-a ɕti
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC GER-be.hungry IPFV-stay-1SG LNK today ADVERS heaven ERG AOR:DOWN-INV-AUTO-give-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I am hungry while staying here, but today the heavens have sent me down [these humans to eat].' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-mtɯ ɣɤʑu tɕe , tɕe núndʐa qapɣɤmtɯmtɯ tu-ti-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-crest exist:SENS LNK LNK for.this.reason hoopoe IPFV-say-PL SENS-be
Translation: It has a crest, and for this reason it is called `hoopoe'.' (23-qapGAmtWmtW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰemɤ-pɯ pɯ-ɕti-a qʰe tɤ-tɕɯ ra nɯ-ɕki ku-rɤʑi-a mɯ́j-naz-a qʰe kɤ-ʑɣɤ-ɕɯ-fka mɯ-pɯ-naz-a
Glosses: girl-DIM PST.IPFV-be-1SG LNK INDEF.POSS-son PL 3PL.POSS-DAT IPFV-stay-1SG NEG:SENS-dare-1SG LNK INF-REFL-CAUS-be.full NEG-PST.IPFV-dare-1SG
Translation: As I was a little girl, I did not dare to stay at a boy's place, and thus did not dare to eat my fill.' (17-lhazgron)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma nɯnɯ kʰro mɤ-sɤ-mto . matɕi ɲɯ-xtɕi .
Glosses: LNK DEM much NEG-PROP-see:FACT because SENS-be.small
Translation: That [species of ant] is barely visible, because it is [so] small.' (26-qro)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paʁ ɣɯ ɯ-ɣli dɤn [matɕi mɤ-ndze ʑo me] qʰe ɯ-ɣli dɤn
Glosses: pig GEN 3SG.POSS-manure be.many:FACT because NEG-eat[III]:FACT EMPH not.exist:FACT LNK 3SG.POSS-manure be.many:FACT
Translation: Pigs create a lot of manure because they eat anything, and so they create a lot of manure.' (05-paR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-jwaʁ nɯ (...) tu-ostɤko ʑo mɤ-cʰa ma mpɯ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-leaf DEM _ IPFV-be.straight EMPH NEG-can LNK be.soft:FACT
Translation: Its leaves do not grow straight (i.e. they hang down), as they are soft.' (07-kWmCku)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [“nɤʑo ɯ-rɯz ɣɤʑu" tɤ-tɯt-a ɯ-ndʐa] zɯ kɯ a-pa a-ma ni kɯ “mtsʰukʰa ɯ-ŋgɯ tɕe (...) tɤrca pɯ-ɕe ma mɤ-jɤɣ”
Glosses: 2SG 3SG.POSS-supernatural.power exist:SENS AOR-say[II]-1SG 3SG.POSS-reason LOC ERG 1SG.POSS-father.HON 1SG.POSS-mother.HON DU ERG lake 3SG.POSS-in LOC _ together IMP:DOWN-go apart.from NEG-be.allowed:FACT
Translation: Because I said that you had supernatural powers (§sec:hybrid indirect), my parents [said] `go together with him into the lake.'(Nyima wodzer 2003.2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [“nɯ ma-tɤ-tɯ-ste , nɯ ma-tɤ-tɯ-fse" tu-tɯ-ti-nɯ] ndʐa ŋu wo
Glosses: DEM NEG-IMP-2-do.like[III] DEM NEG-IMP-2-be.like IPFV-2-say-PL reason be:FACT SFP
Translation: (If your son wants so much to see his grandparents), this is because you (his parents always) tell him `Don't act like that, don't be like that.' (unlike grandparents, who are more lenient).' (conversation 16-08-11)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [<guojia> kɯ ta-nɯsmɤn] ɯ-tʰɯrʑi tɕe tɕe (...) tʰam tɕe wuma ʑo tɤ-pe-nɯ .
Glosses: country ERG AOR:3→3-heal 3SG.POSS-mercy LNK LNK _ now LNK really EMPH AOR-be.good-PL
Translation: Thanks to the fact that [our] country['s governement] has healed them, (…) now they are much better.' (140522 RdWrJAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsʰupa ci pjɤ-tu tɕe tɕendɤre , [kʰu kɯ tɤ́-wɣ-ndza-nɯ] ɯ-xɕɤt kɯ tɤ-mu kɤtsa ci pjɤ-ri-ndʑi tɕe
Glosses: village INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist LNK LNK tiger ERG AOR-INV-eat-PL 3SG.POSS-strength ERG INDEF.POSS-mother COLL:family INDEF IFR.IPFV-remain-DU LNK
Translation: There was a village, but a tiger had eaten them (i.e. the villagers) so that only a mother and her daughter remained.' (khu 2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <huangdi> (...) tú-wɣ-sɯ-ndo-a tɤ-cʰa tɤ-ŋu tɕe (...) <jiaohuang> nɯ ʑgrɯɣ tú-wɣ-sɯ-ndo-a cʰa tɕe , ɕ-tɤ-ti ra
Glosses: emperor _ IPFV-INV-CAUS-take-1SG AOR-can AOR-be LNK _ pope DEM certainly IPFV-INV-CAUS-take-1SG can:FACT LNK TRAL-IMP-go be.needed:FACT
Translation: Since [the golden fish] has succeeded in making me emperor, he will certainly succeed in making me pope, go and tell him that.' (140430 yufu he tade qizi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-tɕɯ ɯ-mɤ-tu-sɤz-nɯtɕʰombɯ~mba tɯ-ŋga kɯ-jaʁ tɤ-ʑ-ŋga-t-a
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-son 3SG.POSS-NEG-IPFV-PURP:CONV INDEF.POSS-clothes SBJ:PCP-be.thick AOR-CAUS-wear-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: In order to prevent my son from catching a cold, I made him wear heavy clothes.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [kɯpɤz nɯ mɯ-ɲɯ-kɤ-βzu kɤ-nɯmga], iʑɤra , ji-mtʰɯm nɯra <binggui> tu-χtɯ-j tɕe nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ ri pjɯ-nɯ-rku-j ɕti ma
Glosses: LNK type.of.bug DEM NEG-IPFV-INF-grow INF-want.from 1PL 1PL.POSS-meat DEM:PL refrigerator IPFV-buy-1PL LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-in LOC IPFV-auto-put.in-1PL be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: In order to prevent kɯpɤz bugs from growing (in the meat), we buy refrigerators and put our meat in it.' (28-kWpAz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯrɯ-skɤt kɤ-βzjoz kɤ-nɯmga-t-a tɕe , mbarkʰom mɤɕtʂa jɤ-ɣe-a ŋu .
Glosses: Gyalrong-language INF-learn AOR-want.from-PST:TR-1SG LNK TOPO until AOR-come[II]-1SG be:FACT
Translation: I came all the way up to Mbarkham to learn the Gyalrong language.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbarkʰom ju-ɣi-a nɯ , kɯrɯ-skɤt kɤ-βzjoz kɤ-nɯmga ŋu
Glosses: TOPO IPFV-come-1SG DEM Gyalrong-language INF-learn INF-want.from be:FACT
Translation: (The reason why) I come to Mbarkham is to learn the Gyalrong language.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme ra kɯ ɯ-<shipin> jo-lɤt-nɯ tɕe [nɯnɯ ɯ-kɤ-nɤmɲo] ɯ-spa jo-lɤt-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: people PL ERG 3SG.POSS-video IFR-release-PL LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-watch 3SG.POSS-material IFR-release-PL SENS-be
Translation: People send him this video for him to watch it.' (conversation 2019-02-26)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɯrɯ-skɤt ɯ-kɯ-βzjoz] ɯ-spa , mbarkʰom mɤɕtʂa jɤ-ɣe-a ŋu .
Glosses: Gyalrong-language 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-learn 3SG.POSS-material TOPO until AOR-come[II]-1SG be:FACT
Translation: I came all the way up to Mbarkham to learn the Gyalrong language.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯ-ɣɤrʁaʁ ra kɯ tu-ndo-nɯ . [nɯ-kɯ-qur] tu-ndo-nɯ pjɤ-ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-hunt PL ERG IPFV-take-PL 3pl.POSS-SBJ:PCP-help IPFV-take-PL IPFV.IFR-be.usually.the.case
Translation: (In former times), hunters would take [dogs] (on a hunt). They would take dogs to help them (i.e., as their helpers).' (05-khWna)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora ɣɯ tɕʰi tu-fse-j tɕe ji-tɯ-ci ɣɤʑu (...) tu-tɯ-tʰe ɯ-tɯ́-cʰa
Glosses: 1PL GEN what IPFV-be.like-1PL LNK 1PL.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water exist:SENS _ IPFV-2-ask[III] QU-2-can:FACT
Translation: Can you ask for us what we [need to] do in order to have water?' (said by villagers living in a desert where there is no water, divination 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯra kɯ tɕʰi a-tɤ-stu-nɯ tɕe nɯ-tɯ-ci ɣɤʑu ?
Glosses: DEM ERG what IRR-PFV-do.like-PL LNK 3PL.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water exist:SENS
Translation: What should they do in order to have water?' (divination 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: lu-zɣɯt ɕɯŋgɯ tɕe nɯtɕu ku-ɣɤrat-a tɕetʰa a-mɤ-lɤ-zɣɯt
Glosses: IPFV:UPSTREAM-arrive before LNK DEM:LOC IPFV-throw-1SG later IRR-NEG-PFV:UPSTREAM-arrive
Translation: Before it arrives, I will throw [the enchanted white stone], so that it does not arrive.' (25-kAmYW-XpAltCin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰa tɕi ko-tsʰi matɕi lo-βzi ɕti ri
Glosses: alcohol also IFR-drink LNK IFR-be.drunk be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: He had also drunk alcohol, since he was drunk.' (140506 loBzi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤxɕo pɤnmawombɤr jo-nɯ-ɣi ɯmɤ-kɯ-ŋu-ci ma , kʰa ɲɯ-ɣɤkʰɯ-nɯ
Glosses: these.days ANTHR IFR-VERT-come PROB-PEG-be-PEG LNK house SENS-have.smoke-PL
Translation: Maybe Padma 'Od'bar came back in the last few days, since there is smoke coming out from their house.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯɕɤr ɯβrɤ-pɯ-tɯ-nɯʑɯβ-ci ma nɤ-mɲaʁ ɲɯ-ɣɯrni
Glosses: last.night RH.Q-PST.IPFV-2-sleep-PEG LNK 2SG.POSS-eye SENS-be.red
Translation: It seems that you did not sleep (well) last night, since your eyes are red.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma-jɤ-tɯ-ɕe ma tɯ-ndʐaβ
Glosses: NEG-IMP-2-go LNK 2-ACAUS:cause.to.roll.down:FACT
Translation: Don't go (to the temple on the mountain to do circumambulations), you might fall down.' (conversation, conversation 15-12-05)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ kʰramba ma-tɤ-βze-a ra ma tɕe <lishijizai> pjɯ-tɯ-βze ɕti tɕetʰa , nɯnɯ rcanɯ <zuzubeibei> kɯ ɣɯ-nɤmqe-a-nɯ .
Glosses: DEM lie NEG-IMP-make[III]-1SG be.needed:FACT LNK LNK history record IPFV-2-make[III] be:AFF:FACT LNK later generations ERG INV-scold:FACT-1SG-PL
Translation: I musn't tell lies, as you are making a historical record, and the past generations would scold me.' (27-kikakCi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-mɤ-tʰɯ-sta ma tɕetʰa ju-nɯ-ɕe ɕti
Glosses: IRR-NEG-PFV-wake LNK later IPFV-VERT-go be.AFF:FACT
Translation: May she not wake up (Don't wake her up), otherwise she will go away.' (150818 muzhi guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: roʁre nɯ kɯnɤ [wuma ʑo kɯ-xtsʰɯm] mɤ-pe ma tɕe pjɯ-qlɯt-nɯ .
Glosses: fence.rail DEM also really EMPH INF:STAT-be.thin NEG-be.good LNK LNK IPFV-break-PL
Translation: As for fence rails also, it is not good [where they are] too thin, otherwise [the hybrid yaks in the cowshed] will break them.' (150902 mkhoN)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-βri nɯra qapri ɯ-βri wuma ʑo ɲɯ-fse , ɯ-rme ri kɯ-tu maŋe . tɕeri ɯ-mɤlɤjaʁ ɣɤʑu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-body DEM:PL snake 3SG.POSS-body really EMPH SENS-be.like 3SG.POSS-hair also SBJ:PCP-exist not.exist:SENS LNK 3SG.POSS-limb exist:SENS
Translation: [The gecko's] body looks a little bit like the body of a snake, and it too has no hair. However, it has limbs.' (28-tshAwAre)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kuwu nɯ iʑo kutɕu ji-ʑimkʰɤm tɕe tu ri mɤ-dɤn
Glosses: bearded.vulture DEM 1SG DEM.PROX:LOC 1PL.POSS-region LOC exist:FACT LNK NEG-be.many:FACT
Translation: Bearded vultures are found here in our region, but not many.' (2011-08-kuwu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qaliaʁ nɯ to-z-nɯɣmaz ma kɤ-sat nɯ mɯ-pjɤ-cʰa
Glosses: eagle DEM IFR-CAUS-have.a.wound LNK INF-kill DEM NEG-IFR-can
Translation: He wounded the eagle, but could not kill it.' (150902 hailibu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paʁ kɯ tɕi ndze , nɯŋa kɯ tɕi ndze . tɕe [tɯrme kɤ-ndza] ndɤre mɤ-sna .
Glosses: pig ERG too eat[III]:FACT cow ERG too eat[III]:FACT LNK people INF-eat CONTRAST:FOC NEG-be.good:FACT
Translation: Pigs eat it, cows eat it, but it is not good for people to eat.' (17-ndZWnW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe rɟɤlpu nɯ nɯ-rga jinbala zɯ “e , a-tɕɯ ki stɤβtsʰɤt ci mɯ-ɕɯ-cʰa kɯ" ɲɤ-sɯso tɕe
Glosses: LNK king DEM AOR-be.happy although LOC INTERJ 1SG.POSS-son DEM.PROX contest INDEF NEG-APPREHENSIVE-can SFP IFR-think LNK
Translation: Although the king was happy (about that), he thought `I am worried that my son will not win the contest.' (2003 sras)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “jɤ-ɣi" kɯnɤ mɤ-kɤ-ti kɯ , “nɤ-rʑaβ ɣɯ-ku-βze-a" to-ti , rɟɤlpu nɯ ɯ-ɕki .
Glosses: IMP-come also NEG-INF-say ERG 2SG.POSS-wife CISL-IPFV-make[III]-1SG IFR-say king DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT
Translation: Although [the king had not] said `come' (i.e. `without the king saying `come”), she told the king `I am coming to become your wife.' (140511 yinzi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯjka nɯnɯ sɯŋgɯ cʰiz ɕ-ku-rɤloʁ ɲɯ-maʁ kɯ , (...) kuxtɕo ɯ-mbe ɯ-ŋgɯ ri ku-rɤloʁ
Glosses: chough DEM forest APPROX:LOC TRAL-IPFV-make.nest SENS-not.be ERG _ basket 3SG.POSS-old.one 3SG.POSS-in LOC IPFV-make.nest
Translation: The chough does not go in the forest and makes a nest there, but rather makes a nest (…) in old baskets, (…)' (22-CAGpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pjɤ-kɯ-nɯβlu-a tɕe , nɯnɯ kɯ-pʰɤn sɤznɤ , mɤ́ɣrɤz a-mpʰɯz ɯ-ntɕʰɯr pa-nɯ-pʰɯt
Glosses: IFR-2→1-cheat-1SG LNK DEM SBJ:PCP-be.efficient COMP instead 1SG.POSS-bottom 3SG.POSS-piece AOR:3→3-AUTO-take.off
Translation: You cheated me, not only was [your healing method] not efficient [to treat my illness], but it took off a chunk of my bottom. (140427 qala cho kWrtsAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤr tɕe ʑŋgri nɯ nɯ-mɤrʑaβ ʑo tɕe tɯ-kɤrme cʰɯ́-wɣ-rɤɕi ri , cʰɯ-kɯ-zri maŋe , mɤ́ɣrɤz ɲɯ-mŋɤm ma .
Glosses: night LOC star DEM AOR-marry EMPH LNK GENR.POSS-hair IPFV-INV-pull LNK IPFV-PCP:SBJ-be.long not.exist:SENS instead SENS-hurt SFP
Translation: In the night when there was a shooting star, we pulled our hair (thinking that our hair would grow longer), but not only did [our hair] not grow longer, [but the only thing that it did was] it hurt.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <huangshang> nɯ kɯ ko-mɟa tɕe to-rtoʁ ri , nɤkinɯ , tɤ-mda tɕe , nɯnɯ nɤki , ɕoʁɕoʁ kɯ-qarŋe kɯ tɤ-kɤ-βzu pjɤ-ɕti .
Glosses: emperor DEM ERG IFR-catch LNK IFR-look LNK FILLER AOR-be.the.time LNK DEM FILLER paper SBJ:PCP-be.yellow ERG AOR-OBJ:PCP-make IFR.IPFV-be.AFF
Translation: [Wang Taichang_i was accused of holding an imperial robe, a crime punishable by death] The emperor_j [had] him_i arrested, but when he_j examined [the so-called imperial robe]_k it turned out that it_k was [just] made of yellow paper.' (150909 xiaocui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo “nɯ ɕɯ tɯ-ŋu kɯ" nɯ-sɯso-t-a ri , tɤ-mda tɕe nɤkinɯ , a-ftsa pjɤ-tɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 1SG DEM who 2-be:FACT SFP AOR-think-PST:TR-1SG LNK AOR-be.the.time LNK FILLER 1SG.POSS-ZCh IFR.IPFV-2-be
Translation: I was wondering who you were, but it turns out that you are my nephew!' (150907 yingning-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑara χsɯm ma pjɤ-me-nɯ tɕe tɕendɤre nɯ-nɯŋa ci pjɤ-tu .
Glosses: they three apart.from IFR.IPFV-not.exist-PL LNK LNK 3PL.POSS-cow INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist
Translation: There were only the three of them, and they had a cow.' (07-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pʰoŋbu ra ɲɯ-wxti , ɲɯ-tsʰu ʑo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-body PL SENS-big SENS-fat EMPH
Translation: Its body is big and fat.' (26-GZo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbro sɤznɤ ɲɯ-wxti . ɲɯ-mbro cʰo ɲɯ-wxti .
Glosses: horse comp SENS-be.big SENS-be.high COMIT SENS-be.big
Translation: It is larger than a horse. Higher and larger.' (19-rNamoN)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ ɯ-rɣi a-mɤ-pɯ-ɕe ra ma pjɯ-tsɣi mɤ-cʰa tɕe tɕendɤre a-nɯ-ɤci ʑo qʰe cʰo ftɕar a-kɤ-ndzoʁ ʑo qʰe li tu-ɬoʁ ɕti
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-grain IRR-NEG-PFV:DOWN-go be.needed:FACT LNK IPFV-be.rotten NEG-can:FACT LNK LNK IRR-PFV-get.wet EMPH LNK COMIT summer IRR-PFV-ACAUS:attach EMPH LNK again IPFV-come.out be.AFF:FACT
Translation: One should not let its grains go into [the ground], because they cannot rot, and when they get wet and the spring comes, they grow again.' (08-qaJAGi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-ku nɯra rcanɯ , wuma ʑo ɲɯ-mpɕɤr cʰo kʰatoʁ ʑo ɣɤʑu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-head DEM:PL UNEXP:DEG really EMPH SENS-be.beautiful COMIT variegated EMPH exist:SENS
Translation: Its head, it is very beautiful, and variegated.' (24-qro)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɕa] tɕi ɲɯ-ndze , [ɕɤci] tɕi ɲɯ-tsʰi , [tɤ-lu ta-mar] tɕi ɲɯ-ndze
Glosses: meat also SENS-eat[III] meat.stew also SENS-drink INDEF.POSS-milk INDEF.POSS-butter also SENS-eat[III]
Translation: [Pigs] eat meat, slurp meat stew, and also eat butter and have milk.' (05-paR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯroz kɯ-mɯm ri maŋe , kɯroz mɤ-kɯ-ɣɤ-mɲɤt ri maŋe qʰe ,
Glosses: specially SBJ:PCP-be.tasty also not.exist:SENS specially NEG-SBJ:PCP-FACIL-be.spoiled also not.exist:SENS LNK
Translation:  `[Scoring bread] neither [makes it] specially tasty nor really [prevents it from] spoiling.' (160706 thotsi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tu-rɯɕmi ri mɤ-kɯ-kʰɯ , cʰɯ-nɯrɤɣo ri mɤ-kɯ-kʰɯ ci ɲɤ-k-ɤβzu-ci .
Glosses: LNK IPFV-speak also NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.possible IPFV-sing also NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.possible INDEF IFR-PEG-become-PEG
Translation: She became unable to speak and to sing.' (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo [pjɤ-mpɕɤr] ʁo alala ri , rɤɣo ri pjɤ-mkʰɤz , tɯ-rɟaʁ ri pjɤ-mkʰɤz .
Glosses: 3SG IPFV.IFR-be.beautiful ADVERS not.only LNK song also IFR.IPFV-be.expert NMLZ:ACTION-dance also IFR.IPFV-be.expert
Translation: Not only was he good-looking, he was also very talented at singing and dancing.' (160702 luocha-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɕɯ-mŋɤm] ɯ-tɤjɯ tɕe ɲɯ-sɤzoŋzoŋ ʑo ŋu
Glosses: CAUS-hurt:FACT 3SG.POSS-addition LNK SENS-cause.numbing.sensation EMPH be:FACT
Translation: Not only does [nettle] hurt, it also causes a numbing sensation.' (140428 mtshalu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤlpu nɯ kɯ wuma ʑo (...) tó-wɣ-raχtɕɤz , ɲɤ́-wɣ-mgrɯn . tɕe nɯ ɯ-tɤjɯ tɕe tɕendɤre li iɕqʰa nɯ , ɯ-rʑaβ ra ɲɤ-ɕar .
Glosses: king DEM ERG really EMPH _ IFR-INV-cherish IFR-INV-receive.as.guest LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-addition LNK LNK again FILLER DEM 3SG.POSS-wife PL IFR-search
Translation: The king (…) treated him well as a guest, and in addition found a wife for him.' (140511 xinbada-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯtsɣe ɯ-kɯ-βzu nɯ kɯ paχɕi mɯ-ɲɤ-mbi mɤra ma nɯ sɤznɤ to-nɤmqe tɕe jo-sɯx-ɕe .
Glosses: commerce 3SG.POSS-make DEM ERG apple NEG-IFR-give not.only LNK DEM COMP IFR-scold LNK IFR-CAUS-go
Translation: The merchant not only did not give him an apple, but scolded him and sent him away.' (150904 zhongli-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-mtʰɯm nɯra tu-ndze mɤkɯjɤɣ kɯ , ɯ-di ɲɯ-ɕɯ-mnɤm
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat DEM:PL IPFV-eat[III] not.only ERG 3SG.POSS-smell SENS-CAUS-smell
Translation: Not only does [the mouse] eat meat, it also stinks it up.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [ɯ-rqʰu nɯ ɣɯrni] laʁma ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯ sɤjku cʰo ɲɯ-naχtɕɯɣ-ndʑi ri
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-skin DEM be.red:FACT apart.from 3SG.POSS-inside DEM white.birch COMIT SENS-be.the.same-DU LNK
Translation: Apart from the fact that its bark is red, its inside is the same as that of the white birch.' (06-mbrAj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɤ-kɤ-pu kɤ-kɤ-sqa kɯ-fse nɯra mɤ-ndze] laʁma , nɯ ɯ-ro nɯ lonba tu-ndze ɕti .
Glosses: AOR-OBJ:PCP-bake AOR-OBJ:PCP-cook SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM:PL NEG-eat:FACT apart.from DEM 3SG.POSS-rest DEM all IPFV-eat be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Apart from the fact that it does not eat food that has been baked or cooked, it eats everything else (=apart from cooked food, it eats everything else).' (19-GzW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wortɕʰi wojɤr ʑo tɕʰimaʁnɤ a-ɣi ra nɯ-pʰe ɕɯ-rɤfɕɤt-tɕi (tsaʁ) ma tɕetʰa ɣɯ-nɯzdɯɣ-a-nɯ
Glosses: please please EMPH at.least 1SG.POSS-relative PL 3PL.POSS-DAT TRAL-tell:FACT-1DU just LNK later INV-worry.about:FACT-1SG-PL
Translation: Please, at least let the two of us go and inform my relatives, otherwise they will be worried about me.' (qachGa 2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰimaʁ “pɯ-tɯ-χɕu" tsaʁ tu-ti-a ma
Glosses: at.least PST.IPFV-2-be.strong just IPFV-say-1SG LNK
Translation: I [should] at least say `thank you'.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe cʰɯ-βde-nɯ nɯmaʁnɤ fsapaʁ ɲɯ-mbi-nɯ ŋgrɤl ma
Glosses: LNK IPFV-throw-PL otherwise animal IPFV-give-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT LNK
Translation: (People uproot it and) either they throw it away, or give it to the animals (to eat).' (12-Zmbroko)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯmaʁnɤ tú-wɣ-nɯ-xsɯr , nɯmaʁnɤ <ban> tú-wɣ-βzu tɕe .
Glosses: otherwise IPFV-INV-AUTO-fry otherwise mix IPFV-INV-make LNK
Translation: People either fry it, or mix it in salad.' (conversation 14-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr rɟɤskɤt ɯ-taʁ tɯ-nɯ-ɕe ɕi , rŋɯl rɟɤskɤt ɯ-taʁ tɯ-nɯ-ɕe ɕi , ɕom rɟɤskɤt ɯ-taʁ tɯ-nɯ-ɕe ɕi , si rɟɤskɤt ɯ-taʁ tɯ-nɯ-ɕe ?
Glosses: gold stairs 3SG.POSS-on 2-AUTO-go:FACT SFP silver stairs 3SG.POSS-on 2-AUTO-go:FACT SFP iron stairs 3SG.POSS-on 2-AUTO-go:FACT SFP wood stairs 3SG.POSS-on 2-AUTO-go:FACT
Translation: Will you go on the golden stairs, the silver stairs, the iron stairs, or the wooden stairs? (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯra ɲɯ-fse tɕe wuma ʑo ɲɯ-ŋgɯ-tɕi
Glosses: DEM:PL SENS-be.like LNK really EMPH SENS-be.poor-1DU
Translation: We are very poor like that.' (divination)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-mu cʰo wuma ɲɯ-ŋgɯ-tɕi
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-mother COMIT REALLY SENS-be.poor-1DU
Translation: My mother and I are very poor.' (divination)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-χti nɯ wuma ʑo tɯrme pe ma
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-companion DEM really EMPH person be.good:FACT LNK
Translation: Her husband is a very nice person.' (`he is very nice as a person.') (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ tɤ́-wɣ-tɕɤt tɕe nɯŋa nɯ kɯ wuma ɲɯ-nɤ-mŋɤm
Glosses: LNK DEM AOR-INV-take.out LNK cow DEM ERG really SENS-TROP-hurt
Translation: When one removes (the parasite by squeezing it out), the cow finds it very painful.' (25-zrW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: maka tɤɕi qaj nɯra wuma ʑo ndze .
Glosses: at.all barley wheat DEM:PL really EMPH eat[III]:FACT
Translation: [The dove] eats wheat and barley a lot.' (22-CAGpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [si kɤ-pʰaʁ] wuma ʑo cʰa-a
Glosses: tree INF-chop really EMPH can:FACT-1SG
Translation: I am very good at felling trees.' (2011-10-qajdo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-ji ɯ-ŋgɯ zɯ tsʰɤt ɯ-ɣli nɯ cʰɯ́-wɣ-lɤt tɕe , [tɤ-rɤku wuma ʑo tu-sɤpe] cʰa
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-in LOC goat 3SG.POSS-manure DEM IPFV-INV-release LNK INDEF.POSS-crops really EMPH IPFV-do.well can:FACT
Translation: If one spreads goat manure on the fields, it can make the crops (grow) really well.' (05-qaZo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ fsapaʁ ra kɯ ndza-nɯ ri , wuma stʰɯci mɤ-rga-nɯ .
Glosses: DEM animal PL ERG eat:FACT-PL LNK really so.much NEG-like:FACT-PL
Translation: The animals eat it, but don't like it so much.' (12-Zmbroko)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰro ʑo pjɤ-ŋke pjɤ-ra tɕendɤre , pjɤ-nɯʑɯβ .
Glosses: much EMPH IFR.IPFV-walk IFR.IPFV-be.needed LNK IFR-sleep
Translation: He had had to walk a lot (on that day, was very tired), and fell asleep.' (140430 yufu he tade qizi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰro ʑo ɲɤ-ɕar ri mɯ-pjɤ-mto
Glosses: much EMPH IFR-search LNK NEG-IFR-see
Translation: [The prince] looked for her for a long time, but could not find her.' (140504 huiguniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑɯ~ʑimkʰɤm ʑo aʁɤndɯndɤt ʑo ɲɤ-nɤtʰɯtʰu
Glosses: EMPH~much EMPH everywhere EMPH IFR-DISTR:ask
Translation: [The bear] asked around [about the rabbit] everywhere for a long time.' (2011-13-qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-rʑaβ ri kɯstʰɯci ɲɯ-mpɕɤr , a-mbro ri kɯstʰɯci ɲɯ-ʑru , a-pɣɤtɕɯ ri kɯstʰɯci ɲɯ-mpɕɤr
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-wife also so.much SENS-be.beautiful 1SG.POSS-horse also so.much SENS-be.strong 1SG.POSS-bird also so.much SENS-be.beautiful
Translation: My wife is so beautiful, my horse so strong, my bird so beautiful.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰɯ-kɯ-ndʐaβ nɯ to-ndzur qʰe , li pjɤ-rɟaʁ . nɯstʰamtɕɤt ʑo iɕqʰa ɯ-ɟuli nɯ pjɤ-mpɕɤr .
Glosses: AOR-SBJ:PCP-ACAUS:cause.to.roll DEM IFR-stand LNK again IFR-dance that.much EMPH the.aforementioned 3SG.POSS-flute DEM IFR.IPFV-be.beautiful
Translation: (The rich man_i started dancing under the influence of the music and fell down). The one_i who had fallen down stood up and danced again. This was the extent to which [the shepherd boy's] flute [music] was beautiful.' (`his flute music was that beautiful') (140513 mutong de disheng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wo nɤʑo rcanɯ tɕʰi ɲɯ-tɯ-nɤme ŋu ma , aʑo tɯ-mɯ kɯ pɯ-kɯ-sɯ-χtɕi-a , tɤndʐo nɯ !
Glosses: INTERJ 2SG UNEXP:DEG what SENS-2-do[III] be:FACT LNK 1SG INDEF.POSS-sky ERG AOR-2→1-CAUS-wash-1SG cold SFP
Translation: You, what are you doing, you caused me to be drenched by the rain.' (kWlAG 2014)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: to-k-ɤnɯmqaj-ndʑi-ci tɕe rcanɯ , ʑɯrɯʑɤri tɕe ko-k-ɤndɯndo-ndʑi-ci ,
Glosses: IFR-PEG-RECIP:scold-DU-EVD LNK UNEXP:DEG progressively LNK IFR-PEG-RECIP:take-DU-PEG
Translation: They scolded each other and progressively started to fight, ' (lWlu2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbro rcanɯ ɯ-xɕɤt kɯ-tɯ~tu ʑo nɯ-ntsʰɤr ɲɯ-nu ,
Glosses: horse UNEXP:DEG 3SG.POSS-strength SBJ:PCP-EMPH~exist EMPH AOR-neigh SENS-be
Translation: The horse neighed with all his strength.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ lɯlu a-pɯ-me rcanɯ , βʑɯ ɯ-tɯ-ŋɤn saχaʁ .
Glosses: LNK DEM cat IRR-IPFV-not.exist UNEXP:DEG mouse 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.evil be.extremely:FACT
Translation: If there are no cats, the mice are extremely fierce (cause a lot of damages).' (21-lWlu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤŋe ɯ-rkɯ tɤ-armbat qʰe ɯ-tɯ-sɤ-ɕke pjɤ-saχaʁ ʑo ri
Glosses: sun 3SG.POSS-side AOR:UP-be.near LNK 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-PROP-burn IFR.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH LNK
Translation: When he approached the sun, it was extremely hot.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo ʑo nɯnɯ ɕ-pjɯ-sat-a ra
Glosses: 1SG EMPH DEM TRAL-IPFV-kill-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: I have to kill her myself.' (140504 baixuegongzhu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo kɯnɤ a-xtu ɯ-tɯ-mŋɤm ɲɯ-sɤre ʑo
Glosses: 1SG also 1SG.POSS-belly 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-hurt SENS-be.extremely EMPH
Translation: Me too, my belly hurts a lot.' (literally: `the degree of my hurting is ridiculously high') (qala 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki tɯ-ci ki ɯ-tɯ-rnaʁ mɯ́j-rtaʁ
Glosses: DEM.PROX INDEF.POSS-water DEM.PROX 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.deep NEG:SENS-be.enough
Translation: This water is not deep enough.' (2010-03-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo nɤ-tɯ-xtɕi tɕʰom-o
Glosses: 2SG 2SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.small be.too.much:FACT-SFP
Translation: You are too young.' (150828 huamulan-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki maka ɯ-tɯ-ɕqraʁ tɤ-ɣɤ-tɕʰom-a ɯβrɤ-ŋu ɣe ?
Glosses: DEM.PROX at.all 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.intelligent AOR-CAUS-be.too.much-1SG RH.Q-be:FACT SFP
Translation: I hope that I did not cause her to become too intelligent.' (hist160709 riquet6-v2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑmbri cʰo ɯ-tɯ-wxti naχtɕɯɣ
Glosses: willow COMIT 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.big be.the.same:FACT
Translation: It is as big as a willow (its degree of “bigness" is the same as that of a willow).' (08-qaCti)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤtsa ni ndʑi-tɯ-ŋgɯ kɤ-ti kɯ pɯ-saχaʁ ʑo
Glosses: parent.and.child DU 3DU.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.poor INF-say ERG PST.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH
Translation: The mother and her child were extremely poor.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-ɕpaʁ kɤ-ti kɯ pɯ-saχaʁ-nɯ ʑo pɯ-rɤʑi-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: NMLZ:ABSTRACT-thirst INF-say ERG PST.IPFV-be.extremely-PL EMPH PST.IPFV-stay-PL SENS-be
Translation: [The people there] live in extreme thirst.' (divination 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-tɯ-sɤjndɤt nɯ !
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.cute SFP
Translation: You are so cute!' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-tɯ-nɤmbju kɯ [rɟɤlpu kʰɤxtɤndo kɯ-nɯjaŋsa nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-mɲaʁ na-z-nɤmbju ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu].
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.shiny ERG king side.of.the.roof SBJ:PCP-be.idle DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-eye AOR:3→3-CAUS-be.shiny EMPH SENS-be
Translation: It was so shiny that it dazzled the eyes of the king, who was staying idle on the side of the roof (of the palace).' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paʁ ra ci nɯ-tɯ-ɤɣɯzrɯɣ , aʑo ci a-tɯ-ɤɣɯzrɯɣ kɯ [ci tu-pe tɕe mɯ́j-cʰa-a]
Glosses: pig PL one 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-have.a.lot.of.lice 1SG one 1SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-have.a.lot.of.lice ERG one IPFV-do[III] LNK NEG:SENS-can-1SG
Translation: Pigs have so many lice and I have so many lice that all put together, I can't bear it.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-tɯ-ɲat kɤ-ti kɯ [ɯ-ɕtʂi ra to-ɬoʁ .]
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.tired INF-say ERG 3SG.POSS-sweat PL IFR-come.out
Translation: He was so tired that he started sweating (profusely).' (140513 mutong de disheng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯ-maqʰu ɯ-xɕɤt kɯ , [kɯ-fsoʁ tɤ-rɤŋgat ri kóʁmɯz tu-ɬoʁ ŋu .]
Glosses: IPFV-be.after 3SG.POSS-strength ERG SBJ:PCP-be.light AOR-be.about LOC only.then IPFV-come.out be:FACT
Translation: [This star] is so late that it only comes out when the day is about to break.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯ-xtɕi ɲɯ-tɕʰom
Glosses: SENS-be.small SENS-be.too.much
Translation: It is too small.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɯŋa ra nɯ-taʁ tu-dɤn tu-tɕʰom] mɯ́j-pe ma
Glosses: cow PL 3PL.POSS-on IPFV-be.many IPFV-be.too.much NEG:SENS-be.good LNK
Translation: It is not good when there are too many (ticks) on cows.' (25-xCelwi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma aʑo maka , kɤ-nɯ-rga mɯ́j-kʰɯ ʑo ɲɯ-rga-a
Glosses: DEM apart.from 1SG at.all INF-APPL-like NEG:SENS-be.possible EMPH SENS-like-1SG
Translation: I like it a lot (to the extent that it is not possible to like it more than I do).' (140521 huangdi de xinzhuang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma kɤ-nɯ-rga mɤ-kɯ-kʰɯ ʑo ɲɯ-rga-a
Glosses: DEM apart.from INF-APPL-like NEG-INF:STAT-be.possible EMPH SENS-like-1SG
Translation: I like it a lot.' (elicitation based on ex:nW.ma.mWjkhW.Zo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-rʑaβ aʑo sɤz wxti
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-wife 1SG COMP be.big:FACT
Translation: His wife is older than me.' (14-siblings)