lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme kɯ-xtɕi nɯnɯra sɲikuku ʑo sɯŋgɯ ju-ɕe-nɯ tɕe , iɕqʰa nɯ , tsʰitsuku z-ɲɯ-ɕar-nɯ pjɤ-ŋu tɕe , χsɤr ra ɕ-tu-βzdɯ-nɯ pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: people SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM:PL every.day EMPH forest IPFV-go-PL LNK FILLER DEM whatever TRAL-IPFV-search-PL IFR.IPFV-be LNK gold PL TRAL-IPFV-collect-PL IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: The dwarves went into the forest every day, searching around and collecting gold there.' (140504 baixuegongzhu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qaliaʁ kɯ , … kɯ-mɤku tɕe tɕe ɯ-tʰoʁ nɯ tɕe pjɯ-nɤʁarpʰɤβ tɕe pjɯ-sat , tɕe nɯ koʁmɯz nɤ cʰɯ-nɯ-tsɯm tɕe ɕ-tu-ndze ɲɯ-ra ma ,
Glosses: eagle ERG _ SBJ:PCP-be.first LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-ground DEM LOC IPFV-hit.with.wings LNK IPFV-kill LNK DEM only.after LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-VERT-take.away LNK TRAL-IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be.needed LNK
Translation: The eagle, (in the case of prey that is too big), it has to kill them by hitting them with its wings, and then take them away and eat them.' (50819 RarphAB)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jaʁmɤzdoʁzdoʁ nɯ kɯ qajɯ ra tu-ndze ma tɤ-rɤku ɣɯ-tu-ndze mɤ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: bird.sp DEM ERG bug PL IPFV-eat[III] LNK INDEF.POSS-crops CISL-IPFV-eat NEG-be.usually.the.case
Translation: The bird jaʁmɤzdoʁzdoʁ eats bugs, and it does not come and eat the crops.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ji-me nɯ kɯ βɣɯz ʁnɯz ʑo ɕ-pjɤ-sat .
Glosses: 1PL.POSS-daughter DEM ERG badger two EMPH TRAL-IFR-kill
Translation: Our daughter-in-law went (to look for badgers) and killed two badgers.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ŋotɕu ŋu , kɯ-χsɤl kɯ-me kɯ-fse ɲɯ-ɕti , “jo-ɕe tɕe pjɤ-sat" tu-kɯ-ti ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: DEM where be:FACT SBJ:PCP-be.clear SBJ:PCP-exist SBJ:PCP-be.like SENS-be.AFF IFR-go LNK IFR-kill IPFV-GENR-say SENS-be
Translation: It is like it is unclear where it is, it means `she went (somewhere) and killed them'.' (explanation of ex:BGWz.CpjAsat).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zgoku tɤ-ari nɤ , `hehe a-ʑi ra cʰɤ-tɯ-nɯ-rɤrɟit-nɯ mɯ́j-tɯ-nɯ-sɯχsɤl-nɯ' ɕ-ta-tɯt ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: mountaintop AOR:UP-go[II] LNK INTERJ 1SG.POSS-lady PL IFR-2-AUTO-have.a.child-PL NEG:SENS-2-AUTO-realize-PL TRAL-AOR:3→3-say[II] SENS-be
Translation: He went up the mountain top and said: `My lady, you had a child and did not notice it.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰi ɯ-taʁ to-ɕe tɕe ɕ-tɤ-ru
Glosses: stairs 3SG.POSS-on IFR:UP-go LNK TRAL-AOR:UP-look
Translation: He went up the stairs and looked up.' (08-kWqhi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa mɯ-pɯ-rɤʑi tɕe tɕe , ftɕar nɯ wuma ʑo βɣɯz pjɤ-rɯŋɯŋɤn tɕe maka , kɯmtʰoʁ ra kɯnɤ ju-ɣi ɣɯ-ɲɯ-sloʁ pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: house NEG-PST.IPFV-stay LNK LNK summer DEM really EMPH badger IFR.IPFV-cause.damage LNK completely threshold PL also IPFV-come CISL-IPFV-dig.up IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: He was not at home, and badgers were causing a lot of damage that summer, they came and even dug up the threshold of the house.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-tɕɯ nɯ to-ɕe tɕe ɕ-pjɤ-ru ri ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-son DEM IFR:UP-go LNK TRAL-AOR:DOWN-look LNK
Translation: The boy went up and looked down.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ci nɯ kɯ tʂʰa ko-ta , ci nɯnɯ , sɯku nɯtɕu kɯ-nɯsuwa jo-ɕe . … tɕe nɯnɯ sɯku tɕe to-ɕe tɕe ku-rɤʑi pjɤ-ŋu ri , tɕendɤre pjɯ-ru tɕe , ɯ-tʂʰa nɯ to-k-ɤla-ci tɕe mbuz pjɤ-ŋu tɕe
Glosses: one DEM ERG tea IFR-put one DEM treetop DEM:LOC SBJ:PCP-stand.guard IFR:UP-go _ LNK DEM treetop LOC IFR:UP-go LNK IPFV-stay IFR.IPFV-be LNK LNK IPFV-look LNK 3SG.POSS-tea DEM IFR-PEG-boil-PEG LNK overflow:FACT IFR.IPFV-be LNK
Translation: One [of the two men] prepared tea, the other one went up the tree to stand guard. He went up, and as he was there, he saw [down there] that the tea had boiled and was about to boil over.' (26-tAGe) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003686#S3"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ tɕʰemɤpɯ nɯnɯ jɤ-tsɯm tɕe ɕ-pɯ-sat ra
Glosses: DEM girl DEM IMP-take.away LNK TRAL-IMP-kill be.needed:FACT
Translation: Take this girl [to the forest] and kill her.' (140504 baixuegongzhu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003907#S38"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe a-kʰa ra ɣɯ-ta-rɤroʁrɯz , a-mgo ra ɣɯ-ta-βzu ŋu ɕi
Glosses: LNK 1SG.POSS-house PL CISL-AOR:3→3-tidy 1SG.POSS-food PL CISL-AOR:3→3-make be:FACT QU
Translation: Is it [the neighbour's wife who took pity on me] and came and tidied my house and made food for me?' (150827 tianluo-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ci ci ɯ-mi kɯ iɕqʰa , lɯlu ɣɯ ɯ-mi nɯra z-ɲɯ-z-nɤtsʰɣɤz . kɯra ɕ-tu-ste tɕe ɕ-ku-nɯrtɕe ra pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: one one 3SG.POSS-foot ERG FILLER cat GEN 3SG.POSS-foot DEM:PL TRAL-IPFV-CAUS-bump DEM:PROX:PL TRAL-IPFV-do.like[III] LNK TRAL-IPFV-tease[III] PL IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: [The mouse] sometimes went and touched the cat's legs with its paw, it [went and] teased [the cat] like that.' (150902 dashu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-loʁ ɯ-ŋgɯ ri z-ju-sɯ-mtsʰɤt ʑo z-ju-ski
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-nest 3SG.POSS-inside LOC TRAL-IPFV-CAUS-be.full EMPH TRAL-IPFV-bury[III]
Translation: [The mole]_i goes to its nest_j and buries [so much of the food_k it_i has collected that it_i] fills it_j up.' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑɴɢɯloʁ pɯ-kɯ-ŋgra nɯra ɕ-tu-nɯrdoʁ qʰe , nɯra z-ju-ski .
Glosses: walnut AOR-SBJ:PCP-ACAUS:cause.to.fall DEM:PL TRAL-IPFV-collect.one.by.one LNK DEM:PL TRAL-IPFV-bury[III]
Translation: It goes and collects the walnuts that have fallen [on the ground] one by one, and goes [to its nest] and buries them [there].' (28-qapar) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003720#S174"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɯ-ari ndɤre jɯɣi nɯ ɕ-ta-ru ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: AOR:DOWN-go[II] LNK book DEM TRAL-AOR:UP:3→3-bring SENS-be
Translation: He went down [to the bottom of the ocean] and brought up the sutra.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki sɤlaŋpʰɤn ki nɤʑo ŋotɕu z-jɤ-tɯ-ru-t ŋu ?
Glosses: DEM.PROX basin DEM.PROX 2SG where TRAL-AOR-2-bring-PST:TR be:FACT
Translation: Where did you get this washbasin from?' (150831 jubaopen-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atu tɤ-mtʰɯm ɕ-pɯ-re
Glosses: up.there INDEF.POSS-meat TRAL-IMP:DOWN-bring[III]
Translation: Bring [down] the meat from up there.' (meimeidegushi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɤcɯ z-ɲɯ-re-a
Glosses: key TRAL-IPFV:WEST-bring[III]-1SG
Translation: I will fetch the key (over there, towards the east).' (heard in context, 2014)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰa qaliaʁ nɯ kɯ a-rɟit ɣɯ-nɯ-re
Glosses: later eagle DEM ERG 1SG.POSS-child CISL-AUTO-bring[III]:FACT
Translation: The eagle will come and take my child away.' (140427 laoying mao he yezhu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kutɕu ʑo rdɤstaʁ ɣɯ-ɲɯ-ru-ndʑi iʑora ɣɯ ra mɤ-ŋgrɤl ɯ-maʁ ma
Glosses: here EMPH stone CISL-IPFV:WEST-bring-DU 1PL GEN be.needed:FACT NEG-be.usually.the.case QU-not.be:FACT LNK
Translation: They come here to take stones away, as if we did not need them.' (conversation, 14-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕekɯ taʁrdo ra kɤ-ɣe-ndʑi
Glosses: east TOPO PL AOR:EAST-come[II]-DU
Translation: They came to Tagrdo (and looked for stones).' (conversation, 14-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ kɯ popo to-ndo tɕe , tɯ-ci ʑ-lo-ru ri ,
Glosses: girl DEM ERG earthenware IFR-take LNK INDEF.POSS-water TRAL-IFR:UPSTREAM-bring LNK
Translation: The woman took an earthenware jar and brought water.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑ-lo-ru ri ci ra mɯ-lo-ɕqʰlɤt-nɯ
Glosses: TRAL-IFR:UPSTREAM-look LNK INDEF PL NEG-IFR:UPSTREAM-disappear-PL
Translation: He went there and had a look up there, but the other ones had not [yet] disappeared.' (tWJo 2005) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004089#S71"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre [tɯ-ci ɕɯ-kɤ-ru] nɯ-ʁjiz kɯ-ɣi maka ʑo pjɤ-me
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-water TRAL-INF-bring 3PL.POSS-wish SBJ:PCP-come at.all EMPH IFR.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: None of them wanted to fetch water [anymore].' (150830 san ge heshang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɯki χsɤr pɣɤtɕɯ ki ɕɯ-kɯ-ru] ɕɯ pɯ-kɯ-cʰa nɯ a-sci rɟɤlpu cʰɯ-ta-sɯ-ndo-nɯ ŋu
Glosses: DEM.PROX gold bird DEM.PROX TRAL-SBJ:PCP-bring who AOR-SBJ:PCP-can DEM 1SG.POSS-instead king IPFV-1→2-CAUS-take-PL be:FACT
Translation: Whoever among you succeeds in finding and bringing this golden bird here, I will give him the throne.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: lo-ɕe-nɯ tɕe , ɲimawozɤr nɯ staʁlu pjɤ-ŋu tɕe ɯ-kɯ-ru lo-ɕe-nɯ ,
Glosses: IFR:UPSTREAM-go-PL LNK ANTHR DEM year.of.the.tiger IFR.IPFV-be LNK 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-bring IFR:UPSTREAM-go-PL
Translation: They went up there, Nyima 'Odzer was born in the year of the tiger and they went to take him (downstream).' (nyima2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯ-ci nɯnɯ ɯ-ɣɯ-kɯ-nɯ-ru] tɯrme ra , nɤkinɯ , jɤ-ɣe-nɯ tɕe , nɯnɯ si ɯ-pa nɯtɕu , spoz tu-sɯ-zwɤr-nɯ ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water DEM 3SG.POSS-CISL-SBJ:PCP-AUTO-bring people PL FILLER AOR-come[II] LNK DEM tree 3SG.POSS-under DEM.LOC incense IPFV-CAUS-burn-PL
Translation: Whenever people came to take water [from the well], [the demon] forced them to burn incense under the tree.' (140512 abide he mogui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-kɯ-rtoʁ jɤ-ɣe-a ri , mɯ-nɯ-atɯɣ-tɕi , mɯ-pɯ-ta-mto .
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-see AOR-come[II]-1SG LNK NEG-AOR-meet-1DU NEG-AOR-1→2-see
Translation: I came to see you but I did not see you.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: †ɣɯ-jɤ-ta-rtoʁ ri mɯ-pɯ-ta-mto
Glosses: CISL-AOR-1→2-look LNK NEG-AOR-1→2-see
Translation: Intended meaning: `I came to see you but I did not see you.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɤnɤmmtsʰu kɯ kɤ-ntsɣe cʰɤ-ɣɯt ri mɯ́j-sɯ-ntsɣe ndɤre ,
Glosses: ANTHR ERG OBJ:PCP-sell IFR:DOWNSTREAM-bring LNK NEG:SENS-ABIL-sell LNK
Translation: Bsod.nams.mtsho brought them [to Mbarkham] to sell, but could not sell them.' (conversation, 14.05.10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰi ɯ-kɯ-pa jɤ-tɯ-ɣe ?
Glosses: what 3SG.POSS-do AOR-2-come[II]
Translation: What did you come to do?' (nine examples in the corpus)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰi ɣɯ-tɤ-tɯ-pa-t
Glosses: what CISL-AOR-2-eat-PST:TR
Translation: What did you do upon coming here?' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯ ra nɯ-kʰa tɕe ɕ-pɯ-tɯ-rɤ-tʂɯβ tɤ-ti ra
Glosses: who PL 3PL.POSS-house LOC TRAL-AOR-2-APASS-sew IMP-say be.needed:FACT
Translation: Say where (whose house) you went and did some seawing.' (140512 alibaba-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003965#S156"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-wa ɯ-kɯ-rtoʁ mɯ~mɤ-jɤ-tɯ-ɣe nɤ aʑo mɯ-pɯ-kɯ-mto-a .
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-father 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-look COND~NEG-AOR-2-come[II] LNK 1SG NEG-AOR-2→1-1SG
Translation: If you had not come to see your father, you would not have seen me.' (you saw me, but your father was not here)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-wa mɯ~mɤ-ɣɯ-jɤ-tɯ-rtoʁ nɤ pɯ-sɤzdɯxpa
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-father COND~NEG-CISL-AOR-2-look LNK PST.IPFV-be.pitiful
Translation: If you had not come and seen your father, he would have been sorry.' (but you did see him, so he does not feel sorry)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯ-nɯ ɯ-kɯ-tsʰi ɲɯ-ɕti-a tɕe , jɤ-azɣɯt-a tɕe , tɯ-nɯ ci mɤ-ɕɯ-kɤ-tsʰi nɯ mɯ́j-cʰa-a
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-breast 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-drink SENS-be.AFF-1SG LNK AOR-arrive-1SG LNK INDEF.POSS-breast INDEF NEG-TRAL-INF-drink DEM NEG:SENS-can-1SG
Translation: I am [a toddler] who [still] drinks [his mother's] milk, when I arrived, I could not help but go and drink milk.' (Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʁmaʁ χsɯ-tɤkʰar kɯ ɲɯ-ɤz-nɤkʰar-nɯ ɕti tɕe , ɕɯ-kɤ-mɯrkɯ mɤ-tɯ-cʰa
Glosses: soldier three-rounds ERG SENS-PROG-surround-PL be.AFF:FACT LNK TRAL-INF-steal NEG-2-can:FACT
Translation: Three circles of soldiers will be surrounding it, you will not be able to [go there and] steal it.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qʰe potɯrʑi kɯ nɤ-kɯm ɣɯ-kɤ-cɯ mɤ-atsu ma
Glosses: LNK ANTHR ERG 2SG.POSS-door CISL-INF-open NEG-have.the.time.to LNK
Translation: Bod.rje does not have time to come and open the door for you.' (2010 meimei de gushi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrsa ɕɯ-kɤ-mtɕʰot to-mda ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: grave TRAL-INF-make.offerings IFR-be.the.time SENS-be
Translation: It was time to [go and] make offerings for the graves.' (160630 abao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006197#S67"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯ-kɤ-ru mɯ~mɤ-pɯ-tɯ-cʰa ŋu nɤ nɤ-srɤm nɤ-sroʁ lɤt-i
Glosses: TRAL-INF-bring COND~NEG-AOR-2-can be:FACT LNK 1SG.POSS-root 1SG.POSS-life throw:FACT-1PL
Translation: If you do not succeed in going and bringing it here, we will destroy your root and your life.' (Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo ɕɯ-kɤ-mɯrkɯ a-pɯ-tɯ-cʰa nɤ aʑo cʰɯ-sɯ-jɣat-a jɤɣ
Glosses: 2SG TRAL-INF-steal IRR-IPFV-2-can LNK 1SG IPFV-CAUS-go.back-1SG be.agreed:FACT
Translation: If you succeed in going and stealing it, I can make him to go back there.' (02-montagnes-kamnyu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kɯɕɯŋgɯ tɕe tɯtsʰot pɯ-me tɕe nɯnɯ cʰɯ-ɬoʁ lu-ɕqʰlɤt nɯra ɕ-tu-kɯ-ru tɕe , nɯnɯ kɤ-rɤru mda mɤ-mda cʰondɤre kɯ-rɤma kɤ-ɕe mda mɤ-mda nɯtɕu ɕ-tu-kɯ-ru pɯ-ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: LNK long.ago LNK clock PST.IPFV-not.exist LNK DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come.out IPFV:UPSTREAM-disappear DEM:PL TRAL-IPFV:up-GENR:S/O-look LNK DEM INF-get.up be.the.time:FACT NEG-be.time:FACT COMIT SBJ:PCP-work INF-go be.time:FACT NEG-be.time:FACT DEM:LOC TRAL-IPFV:up-GENR:S/O-look PST.IPFV-be.usually.the.case
Translation: In former times, there were no clocks, and people used to go and watch when [these stars] came out or disappeared [to find out] whether it was time to get up or go to work.' (29-LAntshAm) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003726#S60"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯɕimɯma ʑo tɯ-ci ɯ-ŋgɯ pjɤ-ɕe qʰe iɕqʰa tɤɕime kɯ ɯ-sɤcɯ pɯ-kɤ-nɯ-ɕlɯɣ nɯ ɕ-pjɤ-mto .
Glosses: immediately EMPH INDEF.POSS-water 3SG.POSS-inside IFR:DOWN-go LNK the.aforementioned lady ERG 3SG.POSS-key AOR:DOWN-OBJ:PCP-AUTO-drop DEM TRAL-IFR-see
Translation: He immediately went into the water and saw there the key that the lady had dropped by mistake.' (140510 fengwang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr pɣa , χsɤr mbro nɯnɯra cʰo ki tɤɕime kɯra tɕiʑo rcanɯ , wuma ʑo pɯ-zdɯɣ-tɕi tɕe , nɯ kóʁmɯz ɕ-pɯ-rndu-tɕi ŋu
Glosses: gold bird gold horse DEM:PL COMIT DEM.PROX girl DEM.PROX:PL 1DU UNEXP:DEG really EMPH PST.IPFV-suffer-1DU LNK DEM only.then TRAL-AOR-obtain-1DU be:FACT
Translation: We had to endure a lot of hardships before obtaining this golden bird, this golden horse and this girl.' (140507 jinniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo mɯ́j-cʰa-a , … nɯ sɤznɤ a-ɕ-pɯ-si-a ɲɯ-mna
Glosses: 1SG NEG:SENS-can-1SG _ DEM COMP IRR-TRAL-PFV-die-1SG SENS-be.better
Translation: I am a good-for-nothing, I had better just [go and] die.' (140425 shizi puluomixiusi he daxiang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003798#S21"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [[tɤ-mu ɯ-kɯ-rtoʁ] tɤ-tɕɯ jɤ-kɯ-ɤri] nɯ a-ʁi ŋu
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-see INDEF.POSS-son AOR-SBJ:PCP-go[II] DEM 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling be:FACT
Translation: The boy who went to see the old lady is my brother.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: †a-ʁi kɯ ɯ-kɯ-rtoʁ jɤ-kɯ-ɤri tɤ-mu nɯ a-ɬaʁ ŋu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling ERG 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-see AOR-SBJ:PCP-go[II] INDEF.POSS-mother DEM 1SG.POSS-MZ be:FACT
Translation: Intended meaning: `The old lady that my younger brother went to see is my aunt.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [a-ʁi kɯ z-ja-rtoʁ] tɤ-mu nɯ a-ɬaʁ ŋu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling ERG TRAL-AOR:3→3-see INDEF.POSS-mother DEM 1SG.POSS-MZ be:FACT
Translation: The old lady that my younger brother went to see is my aunt.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-ɣɯ-jɤ-kɯ-qru tɤ-tɕɯ
Glosses: 3SG-CISL-AOR-SBJ:PCP-meet INDEF.POSS-boy
Translation: The boy who had come to look for her' (The three sisters)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯ-si
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-die
Translation: The dead one' (many attestations)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤ-mtʰɯm ʁɟa ʑo ma nɯ ma , nɤki , tɯjpu mɤ-kɯ-ndza ci tu tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat completely EMPH LNK DEM apart.from FILLER flour.based.food NEG-SBJ:PCP-eat INDEF exist:FACT LNK
Translation: There is [an animal like the mouse] which only eats meat, not food made from flour.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: li nɯnɯ kɯnɤ ɯ-kɯ-mto ɣɤʑu , ɯ-mɤ-kɯ-mto ɣɤʑu .
Glosses: again DEM also 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-see exist:SENS 3SG.POSS-NEG-SBJ:PCP-see exist:SENS
Translation: There are [people] who see (find) it, and people who don't.' (20-sWrna)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɯ-tʰu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-ask
Translation: The one asking for my [hand] (in marriage)' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-ɕki ɯ-kɯ-tʰu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-DAT 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-ask
Translation: The one who asks me about it.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma nɤ-kɯ-mbi me
Glosses: DEM apart.from 2SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-give not.exist:FACT
Translation: Nobody will give you another [daughter in marriage].' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɕɯŋgɯ tɕe , ɯ-kɯ-rga pɯ-dɤn .
Glosses: DEM before LNK 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-like PST.IPFV-be.many
Translation: Before, there used to be many people who liked it.' (12-Zmbroko)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯ-pe tú-wɣ-nɤma tɕe li tɯʑo tɯ-kɯ-pe tu
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.good IPFV-INV-make LNK again GENR GENR.POSS-SBJ:PCP-be.good exist:FACT
Translation: If one does good things, one will also have good things.' (140518 mao he laoshu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo a-kɯ-ra nɯra a-tɤ-tɯ-ste qʰendɤre aʑo nɯnɯ , nɤki , ku-nɤtsi-a jɤɣ
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-be.needed DEM:PL IRR-PFV-2-do.like[III] LNK 1SG DEM FILLER IPFV-hide[III]-1SG be.possible:FACT
Translation: If you do the things I need, I will keep it secret.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕaχpa ra ɣɯ nɯ-kɯ-mna nɯ wuma ʑo pjɤ-nɯrɤŋom .
Glosses: bandit PL GEN 3PL.POSS-SBJ:PCP-be.better DEM really EMPH IFR-be.upset
Translation: The chief of the bandits was very upset.' (140512 alibaba-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri nɯra ɯ-ɕɯ-kɯ-pʰɯt ra kɯ-tu me ma ,
Glosses: LNK DEM:PL 3SG.POSS-TRAL-SBJ:PCP-cut PL SBJ:PCP-exist not.exist:FACT LNK
Translation: But nobody goes and picks it.'(11-paRzwamWntoR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa qaʑo ɯ-kɯ-ntsɣe tʰɯ-kɯ-ɣe nɯ ɯ-pʰe
Glosses: the.aforementioned sheep 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-sell AOR:DOWNSTREAM-SBJ:PCP-come[II] DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT
Translation: [He told] the person who had come to sell the sheep.' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-kɯ-ndza ju-kɯ-ɣi nɯ pɣa ci ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-eat IPFV-SBJ:PCP-come DEM bird INDEF SENS-be
Translation: The one who comes to eat [the fruits] is a bird.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑu ɯ-ku jamar ɲɯ-kɯ-jpum ɣɤʑu nɤ , kɯ-wxti .
Glosses: chopsticks 3SG.POSS-head about IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be.thick exist:SENS SFP SBJ:PCP-be.big
Translation: There are [maggots] that grow as thick as the tip of a chopstick, the big ones.' (25-akWzgumba)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-mat nɯnɯ , ɯ-taʁ ku-kɯ-xtsʰɯm , ɯ-pa ɲɯ-kɯ-jpum ci cʰɯ-βze ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , nɯ <hulu> tu-sɤrmi-nɯ .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-fruit DEM 3SG.POSS-up IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be.thin 3SG.POSS-down IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be.thick INDEF IPFV-make[III] SENS-be LNK DEM gourd IPFV-call-PL
Translation: It has a fruit that is thinner [in diameter] on the upper part, and thicker on the lower part, people call it `gourd'.' (150825 huluwa-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑɤɣ nɯ ɕɯŋgɯ ɯ-nmaʁ pɯ-kɯ-ŋu tsʰɯraŋ nɯ pjɤ-mto
Glosses: 3SG:GEN DEM before 3SG.POSS-husband PST.IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be ANTHR DEM IFR-see
Translation: She saw Tshering, who used to be her husband.' (qajdoskAt 2002) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003366#S101"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kʰa ɣɯ ɯ-ndzɤtsʰi ɯ-ro nɯ-kɯ-ri nɯra , mɯ-nɯ-kɯ-sna nɯra , nɯra paʁ kɯ ʁɟa tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: LNK house GEN 3SG.POSS-food 3SG.POSS-excess AOR-SBJ:PCP-left DEM:PL NEG-AOR-SBJ:PCP-be.good DEM:PL DEM:PL pig ERG completely IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: Leftover food from the house, or food which is not good any more, pigs eat all of it.' (05-paR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pjɯ-kɯ-nɯ-fkaβ tu , ɯ-mɤ-pjɯ-kɯ-nɯ-fkaβ tu ri nɯ kɯ-fse tu-nɯ-ndza-nɯ ɕti .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-IPFV-SBJ:PCP-AUTO-cover exist:FACT 3SG.POSS-NEG-IPFV-SBJ:PCP-AUTO-cover exist:FACT LNK DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV-AUTO-eat-PL be.AFF:FACT
Translation: There are people who cover it (with a lid while cooking), and people who don't, they eat it as is.' (23-mbrAZim)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ɯ-nɯ-kɯ-ɕar ɯ-pɯ-kɯ-mto nɯ ɣɯ ɲɯ-tʂaŋ ma nɯnɯ , nɤkinɯ , ɯ-ɕɯ-kɯ-βɟi nɯ ɣɯ mɯ́j-tʂaŋ
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-AOR-SBJ:PCP-search 3SG.POSS-AOR-SBJ:PCP-see DEM GEN SENS-be.fair LNK DEM FILLER 3SG.POSS-TRAL-SBJ:PCP-chase DEM GEN NEG:SENS-be.fair
Translation: It is fair that she would [be given] to the one who looked for her and found her, not to the ones chasing her.' (140517 buaishuohua-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯ-ku-kɯ-tsʰi
Glosses: NEG-IPFV-SBJ:PCP-drink
Translation: The one who drinks it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ ɯ-taʁ jɯ~jɤ-kɯ-ɣe nɯ ku-ndɤm ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-on TOTAL~AOR-SBJ:PCP-come[II] DEM IPFV-take[III] SENS-be
Translation: [The spider] catches all of the [insects] that have come onto [its web].' (26-mYaRmtsaR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003674#S99"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯ-rkɯ jɤ-azɣɯt-nɯ tɕe , ʑara nɯ-tu-kɯ-ndza srɯnmɯ ci pjɤ-tu ,
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-side AOR-reach-PL LNK 3PL 3PL.POSS-IPFV-SBJ:PCP-eat râkshasî INDEF IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: There was a râkshasî who ate those who came near her.' (2012 Kunbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S219"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ndzɤpri kɤ-ti nɯ tɕe tɯrme tu-kɯ-ndza ɲɯ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: LNK brown.bear OBJ:PCP-say DEM LNK people IPFV-GENR:S/O SENS-be.usually.the.case
Translation: The one called `brown bear', it eats people.' (21-pri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ kóʁmɯz nɤ tu-kɯ-ndza-a
Glosses: DEM only.after LNK IPFV-2→1-eat-1SG
Translation: Eat me only after [having taken the thorn from my foot].' (140426 lang yisheng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu tɕʰeme ʁnɯz kɯ-rɯɕmi pjɤ-tu .
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-inside DEM:LOC girl two SBJ:PCP-speak IFR.IPFV-exist
Translation: There were two girls speaking in the house.' (150909 xiaocui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kumpɣa nɯnɯ tɕe [kɯm ɯ-rkɯ zɯ pɣa kɯ-tu] kɤ-ti ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: fowl DEM LNK door 3SG.POSS-side LOC bird SBJ:PCP-exist INF-say SENS-be
Translation: The word kumpɣa [fowl] means `the bird that is next to the door'.' (22-kumpGa).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tsuku ɯ-rdɯ~rdoʁ kɯ ʑo tʰotsi ɯ-kɯ-ta] ɣɤʑu .
Glosses: some 3SG.POSS-piece ERG EMPH decorative.stamp 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-put exist:SENS
Translation: There are people who put a decorative mark [on their bread].' (160706 thotsi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006133#S20"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯ-nɯ ɯ-kɯ-tsʰi] tɤ-pɤtso ɣɯ ɯ-kɯ-mŋɤm ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-breast 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-drink INDEF.POSS-child GEN 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-hurt SENS-be LNK
Translation: It is a disease [that affects] infants who still drink their mother's milk.' (25-kACAl)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯ-sɤ-ndza ɣɯ rɯdaʁ nɯnɯ tɕe kɯrŋi tu-kɯ-ti ŋu .
Glosses: DEM SBJ:PCP-APASS-eat GEN animal DEM LNK beast IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: Animals eating [other animals] are called `beasts'.' (150822 kWrNi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [si ɣɯ ɯ-mat kɯ~kɯ-tu] nɯ ɯ-ku ri ɕ-ku-zo ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe .
Glosses: tree GEN 3SG.POSS-fruit TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-exist DEM 3SG.POSS-top LOC TRAL-IPFV-land SENS-be LNK
Translation: It lands on the top of all trees that have fruits.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-mtɕʰi mɤ-kɯ-pe , kɤ-nɤtsɯ kɯ-ra ra kɯnɤ tu-kɯ-nɯ-ti nɯnɯra tɕaɣi tu-sɤrmi-nɯ ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-mouth NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.good INF-hide SBJ:PCP-be.needed PL also IPFV-SBJ:PCP-AUTO-say DEM:PL parrot IPFV-call-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: People call `parrots', those with a big mouth, who tell [everything], including things that should [remain] hidden.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo [ndʑi-kɯ-qur] cʰɯ-ɣi-a je
Glosses: 1SG 2DU-SBJ:PCP-help IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-1SG SFP
Translation: Let me come to help you.' (tWJo 2005) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003368#S26"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑara kɯ [cʰa nɯ ku-kɯ-tsʰi] to-nɯɕpɯz-nɯ ,
Glosses: 3PL ERG alcohol DEM IPFV-SBJ:PCP-drink IFR-pretend-PL
Translation: They pretended to drink the alcohol (`imitated an alcohol drinker').' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S77"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [[aʑo a-kɯ-ɕɯ-nŋo] kɯ-cʰa] me
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-CAUS-be.defeated SBJ:PCP-can not.exist:FACT
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo a-ŋgra a-kɯcʰi ci tɤ-χti ra
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-salary 1SG.POSS-candy INDEF IMP-buy[III] be.needed:FACT
Translation: Give me a candy as a reward.' (140515 congming de wusui xiaohai-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003998#S78"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ li tú-wɣ-ndza tɕe , kɯ-cʰi tu , mɤ-kɯ-cʰi tu .
Glosses: LNK DEM again IPFV-INV-eat LNK SBJ:PCP-be.sweet exist:FACT NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.sweet exist:FACT
Translation: When one eats them, some are sweet, some are not.' (08-rasti)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɤ-rmi ɯ-kɯ-rɤt] tɤ-pɤtso nɯ ɯ-rkɯ ʑo , … pjɤ-zɣɯt tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-name 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-write INDEF.POSS-child DEM 3SG.POSS-side EMPH _ IFR-reach LNK
Translation: It arrived near the boy who wrote the names (of the contestants).' (150826 shier shengxiao)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑŋgri ɲɯ-kɯ-mɤrʑaβ
Glosses: star IPFV-SBJ:PCP-marry
Translation: Shooting star' (`the wedding star')
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑŋgri nɯ-mɤrʑaβ ɯ-raŋ tɕe , tɯ-kɤrme cʰɯ́-wɣ-rɤɕi tɕe , cʰɯ-rɲɟi ŋu
Glosses: star AOR-marry 3SG.POSS-time LNK GENR.POSS-hair IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-pull LNK IPFV-be.long be:FACT
Translation: When a shooting star crosses the sky, if one pulls one's hair, it becomes longer.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤ-ti-a ma kɯŋu mɤ-tɯ-nɤme
Glosses: NEG-say:FACT-1SG LNK right.thing NEG-2-make[III]:FACT
Translation: I won't say it, because you will not do the right thing.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-lɤ́-wɣ-ɕaβ-a tɕe tɕendɤre kɯŋu mɤ-fse
Glosses: IRR-PFV-INV-catch.up-1SG LNK LNK right.thing NEG-be.like:FACT
Translation: If he catches up with me, [our enterprise] won't succeed.' (25-kAmYW-XpAltCin) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003642#S36"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe li ɯ-kɯ-mpɕɤr kɯ-fse tɤ-kɤ-βzu ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe
Glosses: LNK again 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-be.beautiful SBJ:PCP-be.like AOR-OBJ:PCP-make SENS-be LNK
Translation: [The mark on breads] is used for decoration.' (160706 WzbroN)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯ , nɯnɯtɕu kɯ~kɯ-rɤʑi nɯ to-ɣɤ-mna . to-ɣɤ-mna ɯ-qʰu tɕe tɕendɤre <quanxian> tɕe kɯ~kɤ-kɯ-nɤndza nɯ ɲɤ-ɣɤ-me
Glosses: DEM ERG DEM:LOC TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-stay DEM IFR-CAUS-recover IFR-CAUS-recover 3SG.POSS-after LNK LNK all.the.district LOC TOTAL~AOR-SBJ:PCP-have.leprosy DEM IFR-CAUS-not.exist
Translation: He healed all those who were staying there (in the leper house). After he healed them, he had eradicated leprosy (removed all lepers) from our district.' (25-khArWm) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003644#S71"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤkɤzbɣaʁ nɯ tɤ-mŋɤm qʰe , tɕe nɯ ɯ-qʰu nɤ , ŋgɯsqɤ-rʑaʁ ʑo mɯ-tu-mna
Glosses: migraine DEM AOR-hurt LNK LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK nine.or.ten-night EMPH NEG-IPFV-recover
Translation: After the migraine starts, it does not recede for nine or ten days. (conversation taRrdo 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤ-nɯqambɯmbjom mɯ́j-ɕe kɯ nɯnɯre ɯ-stu ri ku-rɤʑi tɕe , … ɯ-ʁar nɯ tu-sɤlqɤlqɤt nɤ tu-sɤlqɤlqɤt ŋgrɤl
Glosses: INF-fly NEG:SENS-go ERG there 3SG.POSS-place LOC IPFV-stay LNK _ 3SG.POSS-wing DEM IPFV-flap.slightly LNK IPFV-flap.slightly be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: It does not move [flying] but remains [in the sky] in place, slightly flapping its wings.' (23-RmWrcWftsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯnɯnɯ kɯɕɯŋgɯ tɕe kɯ-qur ju-kɯ-ɕe tɕe nɯnɯ , mɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ tu-kɯ-nɯna mɯ-pjɤ-jɤɣ ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , tɕe núndʐa kɯqurʑŋgri tu-sɤrmi-nɯ
Glosses: DEM before LNK SBJ:PCP-help IPFV-GENR:S/O-go LNK DEM NEG-AOR:WEST-come.out until DEM IPFV-GENR:S/O-rest NEG-IFR.IPFV-be.possible SENS-be LNK LNK for.this.reason evening.star IPFV-call-PL
Translation: Long ago, when one would go helping people, one was not supposed to rest until it came out, and for this reason it was called `star of the helper'.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa tɯ-mɯ nɯ sɲikuku ʑo , sɲikuku ʑo a-kɤ-lɤt tɕe tɕe , kɯ-maqʰu tɕe ci ci ku-lɤt , ci ci ɲɯ-jɯm kɯ-fse ŋu tɕe , ɯnɯnɯ ku-kɯ-lɤt , <zhenyu> kɯ-fse ku-kɯ-lɤt nɯ , nɯnɯ kɯ-fse a-kɤ-lɤt tɕe ɯ-qʰu tɕe tɯ-mɯ mɤ-lɤt tu-kɯ-ti ŋu tɕe , nɯnɯ tɯ-mɯ ku-kɯ-lɤt nɯ kɯndzarmɯ tu-kɯ-ti ŋu
Glosses: the.aforementioned INDEF.POSS-sky DEM every.day EMPH every.day EMPH IRR-PFV-release LNK LNK SBJ:PCP-be.after LNK one one IPFV-release one one IPFV-be.sunny SBJ:PCP-be.like be:FACT LNK DEM IPFV-SBJ:PCP-release showery.rain SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV-SBJ:PCP-release DEM DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like IRR-PFV-release LNK 3SG.POSS-after LNK INDEF.POSS-sky NEG-release:FACT IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT LNK DEM INDEF.POSS-sky IPFV-SBJ:PCP-release DEM type.of.rain IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: When it rains everyday (continuously), followed by sporadic rain (sometimes it rains, sometimes it is sunny), when there is a showery rain and after that no more rain, this type of [showery] rain is called kɯndzarmɯ.' (definition, 2015-04-18)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤ-ndza
Glosses: OBJ:PCP-eat
Translation: The one that is eaten.' (many attestations)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-kɤ-mbi
Glosses: AOR-OBJ:PCP-give
Translation: The one that he has given it to.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɤ-sɯz
Glosses: 1SG-NMLZ:P-know
Translation: The one that I know.' (many attestations)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ri nɯnɯ stu ɯ-kɤ-rga , ɯ-kɤ-nɤ-mɯm pjɤ-ɕti .
Glosses: LNK DEM most 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-like 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-TROP-be.tasty IFR.IPFV-be.AFF
Translation: But it was what he liked most, what he found most tasty.' (160703 poucet3) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006107#S72"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ-mɤ-kɤ-cʰa nɯ kʰɯna χsɯm pɯ-tu qʰe , nɯra kɯ rcanɯ ɕlaʁ ʑo ku-ndo-nɯ ɲɯ-ɕti .
Glosses: LNK 3PL.POSS-NEG-INF-can DEM dog three PST.IPFV-exist LNK DEM:PL ERG UNEXP:DEG IDEO.I:immediately EMPH IPFV-catch-PL SENS-be.AFF
Translation: The [rats] that [the people] had been unable to [catch], there were three dogs, and these [dogs] caught them at once.' (150831 BZW kAnArRaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe aʑo a-mɤ-kɤ-sɯz tɤjmɤɣ nɯ kɤ-ndza mɤ-naz-a
Glosses: LNK 1SG 1SG.POSS-NEG-OBJ:PCP-know mushroom DEM INF-eat NEG-dare:FACT-1SG
Translation: I do not dare to eat mushrooms that I do not recognize.' (23-mbrAZim)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-pɕi tɕe ɯ-ɕɯ-kɤ-nɤma ci pjɤ-tu tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-outside LNK 3SG.POSS-TRAL-OBJ:PCP-work INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist LNK
Translation: [The mouse] had something to do outside.' (140518 mao he laoshu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe pɤjka wuma nɯnɯ tɕe , pjɯ-kɤ-nɯ-ji ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK gourd really DEM LNK IPFV-OBJ:PCP-AUTO-plant be:FACT LNK
Translation: The gourd proper is cultivated (it does not grow on its own).' (16-CWrNgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003518#S61"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ kɯ iɕqʰa , ɯ-jaʁ <meihua>, mɯntoʁ pɯ-kɤ-ɤsɯ-ndo nɯ pjɤ-ɣɤrɤt .
Glosses: girl DEM ERG the.aforementioned 3SG.POSS-hand plum.blossom flower PST.IPFV-OBJ:PCP-PROG-take DEM IFR-throw
Translation: The girl threw down the plum blossom, the flower that she was holding in her hand.' (150907 yingning-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-jaʁ nɯtɕu , iɕqʰa , <meihua> ci pjɤ-k-ɤsɯ-ndo-ci ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-hand DEM:LOC FILLER plum.blossom INDEF IFR.IPFV-PEG-PROG-take-PEG
Translation: She was holding a plum blossom in her hand.' (150907 yingning-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006264#S19"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɤtɕʰa ɯ-ŋgɯ kɯ-ɤ-rku <yangyu> cʰo lɤpɯɣ nɯra tu-ndze ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: earth 3SG.POSS-inside SBJ:PCP-PASS-put.in potato COMIT radish DEM:PL IPFV-eat[III] be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: It eats the radish and the potatoes that are in the ground.' (25-akWzgumba)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: to-ɣi tɕe nɯ-ʑmbrɯ ɲɤ-χtɤr ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , ɯ-zda ra nɯ-pʰe , nɤki , “nɯnɯ ʑmbrɯ nɯ-kɤ-χtɤr nɯ ɯ-taʁ kɤ-ɴqoʁ-nɯ ra” to-ti
Glosses: IFR:UP-come LNK 3PL.POSS-ship IFR-scatter EMPH SENS-be LNK 3SG.POSS-companion pl 3PL.POSS-DAT FILLER DEM ship AOR-OBJ:PCP-scatter DEM 3SG.POSS-on IMP-hang-PL be.needed:FACT IFR-say
Translation: The [monster] came up and smashed their ship, and [Norbzang] said to his companions: “Grab the [pieces of the] ship that have been scattered”.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: fsapaʁ ɯ-ŋgo rcanɯ , pɯ-kɤ-prɤt ʑo tɤ-fse ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: animals 3SG.POSS-disease UNEXP:DEG AOR-OBJ:PCP-break EMPH AOR-be.like SENS-be
Translation: It was like the disease of the cattle had been [suddenly] stopped.' (2003 kAndZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɬamu kɯ qajɣi nɯ-kɤ-mbi] nɯ tu-ndze pjɤ-ŋu
Glosses: ANTHR ERG bread AOR-SBJ:PCP-give DEM IPFV-eat[III] IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: [As] he was eating the [pieces of] bread that Lhamo had given him.' (2002 qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [aʑo kɯ pɯ-kɤ-sɯ-rɤt] nɯnɯ pjɯ-ndɯn ɲɯ-ŋu nétɕi
Glosses: 1SG ERG AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-write DEM IPFV-read SENS-be SFP
Translation: (The pen said): [the poet is reading the poem] that has been written using me.' (150818 bi he moshuihu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma iʑo ji-kɤ-rku me , atu spɣi tɤ-ɕe qʰe , laχtɕʰa ŋotɕu nɤ-kɤ-sɯso ʑo nɯnɯ , nɤ-mɲaʁ , nɤ-rna , nɤ-ɕna cʰo ra kɯ~kɯ-spoʁ nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ tɕe a-kɤ-tɯ-rke qʰe ,
Glosses: DEM apart.from 1PL 1PL.POSS-OBJ:PCP-put.in not.exist:FACT up.there granary IMP:UP-go LNK thing where 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-think EMPH DEM 2SG.POSS-eye 2SG.POSS-ear 2SG.POSS-nose COMIT PL TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-have.a.hole DEM 3SG.POSS-inside LOC IRR-PFV-2-put.in[III] LNK
Translation: We don't have anything else to give you as a departing present, so go up there in the granary, and whatever you want, put it in all the holes [in your body], your eyes, your ears, your nose etc.' (31-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004077#S134"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: lɤ-fsoʁ ɯ-jɯja nɯ pjɯ-ru tɕe [ɯ-kɤ-nɯmbrɤpɯ] nɯ kʰu pɯ-ɕti ɲɯ-ŋu ,
Glosses: AOR-be.clear 3SG-along DEM IPFV:DOWN-look LNK 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP–ride DEM tiger PST.IPFV-be.AFF SENS-be
Translation: As the day broke, looking down, [it dawned on him that] what he was riding was a tiger.' (2005 khu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-ɬaʁ , tɕe nɤ-kɯ-mŋɤm tɕʰi ɲɯ-fse ma [alo qʰaqʰu nɤ-kɤ-ti] nɯra tɤ-stu-t-a
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-aunt LNK 2SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-hurt what SENS-be.like LNK upstream behind.the.house 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-say DEM:PL AOR-do.like-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: Stepmother, how do you feel, I did the things you said [about creating a lake] up there behind the house.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɯŋa ɯ-ndʐi tʰɯ-kɤ-rɤɣdɯt], tʰɯ-kɤ-tʂɯβ nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu ko-ɕe
Glosses: cow 3SG.POSS-skin AOR-OBJ:PCP-skin AOR-OBJ:PCP-sew DEM 3SG.POSS-inside DEM:LOC EVD:EAST-go
Translation: He [crawled] into the cow hide that had been skinned and sewed.' (2-deluge2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003376#S30"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɯ-cʰi kɯ kʰa tɤ-kɤ-sɯ-βzu] ci pjɤ-mto-ndʑi
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.sweet ERG house AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-make INDEF IFR-see-DU
Translation: They saw a house that was made of sweets.' (140507 tangguowu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [lonba ɕom kɯ nɯ-kɤ-sɯ-βzu] kʰa pjɤ-ŋu
Glosses: all iron ERG AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-make house IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: It was a house made completely of iron.' (140505 liuhaohan zoubian tianxia-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [kʰru kɯ tʰɯ-kɤ-sɯ-lɤt] laʁdɯn kɯnɤ tu ma
Glosses: LNK cast.iron ERG AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-release tool also exist:FACT LNK
Translation: There are also tools that are made of cast iron.' (30-Com)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma ɯ-kɤ-mbi maŋe tɕe , “a-me ta-mbi ra" to-ti tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM apart.from 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-give not.exist:SENS LNK 1SG.POSS-daughter 1→2-give:FACT be.needed:FACT IFR-say LNK
Translation: He had nothing else to give him, and said `I give you my daughter'.' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre [tɯmɯkɤrŋi kɯ pɯ-kɤ-sɯxɕɤt] ra ɲɤ-nɤxtʂɯn tɕe tɕe nɯɕimɯma ʑo pjɤ-nɯ-ɕe .
Glosses: LNK heaven ERG AOR-OBJ:PCP-teach PL IFR-be.grateful LNK LNK immediately EMPH IFR:DOWN-VERT-go
Translation: [Pu'an] was thankful for the things that the god of heaven had taught him and went back [to earth] immediately.' (150827 taisui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa , [kɤntɕʰɯ-xpa ʑo , nɤki , xɕiri nɯ-kɤ-sɯxɕɤt] nɯ pjɤ-sat ,
Glosses: the.aforementioned several-year EMPH FILLER weasel AOR-OBJ:PCP-teach DEM IFR-kill
Translation: He killed the weasel that he had trained for several years.' (140518 xuezhe he huangshulang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-kɤ-tʰu ɯ-ɣɤʑu nɤ , tɤ-tʰe jɤɣ
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-ask QU-exist:SENS LNK IMP-ask[III] be.allowed:FACT
Translation: If you have and questions, you can ask them.' (conversation 14-11-08)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa <macha> kɤ-ti nɯ [iʑora stu ji-kɤ-rga] ŋu
Glosses: the.aforementioned macha.tea OBJ:PCP-say DEM 1PL most 1PL.POSS-OBJ:PCP-like be:FACT
Translation: The [type of tea] called `macha' is what we like best.' (30-macha)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-kɤ-rɤ-mbi nɯ tɕʰi pɯ-ŋu ?
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-APASS-give DEM what PST.IPFV-be
Translation: What was it that you gave (to people)?' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [<shuijing> kɯ tɤ-kɤ-sɯ-βzu] ɣɯ tɯ-xtsa nɯra jo-ɣɯt .
Glosses: LNK crystal ERG AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-make GEN INDEF.POSS-shoe DEM:PL IFR-bring
Translation: [The bird] brought shoes made of crystal.' (140504 huiguniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ndʑi-mɲaʁ mɯ-tɤ-kɤ-rɤt] nɯni tɕetu , znde ɯ-taʁ nɯtɕu nɯnɯ pjɤ-nɯ-tu-ndʑi .
Glosses: 3DU.POSS-eye NEG-AOR-OBJ:PCP-draw DEM:DU UP wall 3SG.POSS-on DEM:LOC DEM IFR.IPFV-AUTO-exist-DU
Translation: The two [dragons] whose eyes had not been drawn were still on the wall.' (160718 hualongdianjing-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qaɕpa nɯnɯ , iɕqʰa nɯ , rɟɤlpu ci ɣɯ ɯ-tɕɯ nɯnɯ , nɤkinɯ , tɯ-sŋaʁ tɤ-kɤ-lɤt tɕe qaɕpa nɯ-kɤ-sɤβzu pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: frog DEM FILLER DEM king INDEF GEN 3SG.POSS-son DEM FILLER NMLZ:ACTION-enchant AOR-OBJ:PCP-release LNK frog AOR-OBJ:PCP-transform IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: This frog was the son of a king who had been enchanted and transformed into a frog.' (140429 qingwa wangzi-zh, 180-181) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003890#S176"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-tɕɯ nɯ ɯ-taʁ tɯ-sŋaʁ to-lɤt tɕe nɯ mbalɤ-pɯ ci ɲɤ-sɤβzu .
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-son DEM 3SG.POSS-on NMLZ:ACTION-enchant IFR-release LNK DEM bull-DIM INDEF IFR-transform
Translation: She cast a spell on my son and turned him into a calf.' (140512 fushang he yaomo-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɕi-rna mɤ-kɤ-mtsʰɤm], [tɕi-mɲaʁ mɤ-kɤ-mto] a-jɤ-ɕe-ndʑi ra
Glosses: 1DU.POSS-ear NEG-OBJ:PCP-hear 1DU.POSS-eye NEG-OBJ:PCP-see IRR-PFV-go-DU be.needed:FACT
Translation: May they go away [to a place] where our ears cannot hear them, where our eyes cannot see them.' (2003-kWBRa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <xingqi> raŋri ʑo tɕe nɯnɯ sɤβʑɯ ɣɯ ɯ-kʰa nɯtɕu kɤ-nɤkʰu ju-ɣi pjɤ-ŋu
Glosses: week each EMPH LNK DEM mouse GEN 3SG.POSS-house DEM:LOC OBJ:PCP-invite IPFV-come IPFV.IFR-be
Translation: He would come to the mouse's house as a guest.' (150818 muzhi guniang-zh).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɤ-nɤkʰu jɤ-ɣe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-invite AOR-come[II]
Translation: He came to my house as a guest (following my invitation).' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-kɤ-ndza ɯ-kɤ-tsʰi ɯ-tɯkrimgo ra to-ɣɯt qʰe , tɕendɤre , nɯra ɲɤ́-wɣ-mbi qʰe ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-drink 3SG.POSS-butter.bread PL IFR:UP-bring LNK LNK DEM:PL IFR-INV-give LNK
Translation: She brought food, drinks and butter bread for her and gave them to her.' (2003-kWBRa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑi-kɤ-ndza kɤ-tsʰi mɤ-mbrɤt , ndʑi-kɯ-ndzɤtsʰi a-pɯ-me smɯlɤm
Glosses: 2DU.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat OBJ:PCP-drink NEG-ACAUS:cut 2DU.POSS-SBJ:PCP-eat.and.drink IRR-IPFV-not.exist prayer
Translation: May you never lack food or drink, may there nobody [coming to] eat you.' (2003kAndZWslama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɤpa maŋe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-method not.exist:SENS
Translation: I have no way of doing it.' (many attestations)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ-kɤ-pa tɯ~tu nɤ , tɤ-pe ma mtsʰoʁlaŋ tɤ-ɣe
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-do COND~exist:FACT LNK IMP-do[III] LNK water.monster AOR:UP-come[II]
Translation: If you have some way [to protect us], use it, because the water monster has come.' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S26"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ ɯ-taʁ nɯtɕu nɤ-kɤ-stu ɯ-ɣɤʑu tɕe a-tɤ-tɯ-ste ma tɕe
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-on DEM:LOC 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-do.like QU-exist:SENS LNK IRR-PFV-2-do.like[III] LNK LNK
Translation: If you have a way to deal with him, use it.' (25-kAmYW-XpAltCin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɤ-ti ci maŋe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-say INDEF not.exist:SENS
Translation: I cannot say for sure.' (many examples)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-sɤ-ɣi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-come
Translation: The place/moment from where/when he/it comes.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑmbɯlɯm ɯ-sɤɣ-ɬoʁ nɯra tu-ɬoʁ ŋu . ʑmbɯlɯm ɯ-sɤɣ-me ra kɯnɤ tu-ɬoʁ ɕti .
Glosses: species.of.mushroom 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-come.out DEM:PL IPFV-come.out be:FACT species.of.mushroom 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-not.exist PL also IPFV-come.out be.AFF:FACT
Translation: It grows in the places where the youlaku mushroom grows, and also in the places where there are no youlaku.' (22-BlamajmAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤjmɤɣ ɯ-sɤ-tu ɯ-sɤ-me ɣɤʑu .
Glosses: mushroom 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-exist 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-not.exist exist:SENS
Translation: There are places where there are mushrooms, and other places where there aren't.' (20-grWBgrWB) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003554#S45"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri nɯnɯ sɤtɕʰa nɯ li iɕqʰa qapribɯxsi ɯ-sɤz-rɤʑi pjɤ-ɕti .
Glosses: but DEM place DEM again the.aforementioned python 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-stay IFR.IPFV-be.AFF
Translation: But that place was the abode of a python.' (140511 xinbada-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe <xinbaba> rcanɯ , maka nɯtɕu ɯ-z-rɤʑi ɯ-tɯ-sɤɣ-mu pjɤ-sɤre ʑo tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK Sinbad UNEXP:DEG at.all DEM:LOC 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-stay 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-PROP-be.afraid IFR.IPFV-be.ridiculous EMPH LNK
Translation: Sinbad, the place where he stayed was extremely terrifying.' (140511 xinbada-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qʰe tú-wɣ-cɯ mɤ-kɯ-kʰɯ , sɤ-nɯ-ɬoʁ ri kɯ-me ta-βzu .
Glosses: LNK IPFV-INV-open NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.possible OBL:PCP-AUTO-come.out also SBJ:PCP-not.exist AOR:3→3-make
Translation: (He put tape on the drawers so that) they could not be opened, and there was no way to come out of them (to prevent the rats inside from escaping).' (150831 BZW kAnArRaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯ-sɤɣ-nɯ-ɬoʁ ɣɯ ɯ-kɯ-spoʁ pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-AUTO-come.out GEN 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-have.a.hole IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: It was the hole from which [the animal] came out [of the cave]. (140511 xinbada-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003961#S80"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ-sɤz-nɯ-ɴɢɤt ɣɯ iɕqʰa , tʂɤsɤɴɢɤt nɯtɕu jɤ-azɣɯt-nɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-OBL:PCP-AUTO-ACAUS:separate GEN FILLER crossroads DEM:LOC AOR-reach-PL LNK
Translation: They arrived at the crossroads where they had parted ways.' (140508 benling gaoqiang de si xiongdi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qajsta nɯnɯ kɯɕɯŋgɯ qaj ɯ-sɤ-ji pjɤ-pe tɕe tɕe núndʐa qajsta tu-ti-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: TOPO DEM in.former.times wheat 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-plant IFR.IPFV-be.good LNK LNK for.this.reason TOPO IPFV-say-PL SENS-be
Translation: Qaysta, in former times it was a wheat field which was good, and for this reason, it is called `Qaysta' `the place of the wheat'.' (140522 kAmYW tWji2) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004057#S101"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯmgri sɤz-rɤ-ji nɯ koŋla ɲɤ-ɣɤ-me-nɯ ma kʰa ʁɟa ʑo to-βzu-nɯ .
Glosses: LNK TOPO OBL:PCP-APASS-plant DEM completely IFR-CAUS-not.exist-PL LNK house completely EMPH IFR-make-PL
Translation: They removed all the fields in Temgri, and built houses there [instead].' (140522 kAmYW tWji2) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004057#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: a-kɤ-ndza ri ɣɤʑu , a-sɤz-rɤʑi ri ɣɤʑu qʰe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat also exist:SENS 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCPblique-stay also exist:SENS LNK
Translation: (There), I have food to eat and a place to stay.' (150831 renshen wawa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006418#S22"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯstʰamtɕɤt ɣɯ nɯ-sɤ-tʂɯβ nɯ tɯ-ŋgru tu-sɯ-βzu-nɯ .
Glosses: so.many GEN 3PL.POSS-OBJ:PCPblique-sew DEM INDEF.POSS-sinew IPFV-CAUS-make-PL
Translation: People use sinew to sew that many [types of clothes and shoes].' (150906 tWNgru) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006304#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯɕte nɯtɕu nɤ-sɤ-ta me ɯ́-ŋu
Glosses: other DEM:LOC 2SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-put not.exist:FACT QU-be:FACT
Translation: Isn't there any other place where you put [the food]?' (meimei de gushi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe iʑora ɣɯ nɯ-sɤ-ntɕʰoz a-pɯ-tu tɕe ɲɯ-tʂɯn
Glosses: LNK 1PL GEN 3PL.POSS-OBL:PCP-use IRR-IPFV-exist LNK SENS-be.grateful
Translation: We are glad that [some] of us have an opportunity to be useful to them.' (conversation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɕe ji-kʰɯtsa sɤ-rku ɣɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯ , <chouchou> ɯ-ŋgɯ pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu , nɯ kɯmaʁ nɯra pɯ-nnɯ-ŋu kɯnɤ maka , laχtɕʰa kɤ-rku me , kɤ-ndza kɤ-rku me , nɯra tu-ndze nɤ tu-ndze ,
Glosses: LNK LNK 1PL.POSS-bowl OBL:PCP-put.in GEN 3SG.POSS-inside DEM drawer 3SG.POSS-inside PST.IPFV-AUTO-be DEM other DEM:PL PST.IPFV-AUTO-be also at.all thing OBJ:PCP-put.in whether OBJ:PCP-eat OBJ:PCP-put.in whether DEM IPFV-eat[III] LNK IPFV-eat[III]
Translation: Whether it was in the cupboard in which we put [our] bowls, or in the drawers or elsewhere, whether it was food or objects in there, [the mice] ate/gnawed them again and again.' (150831 BZW kAnArRaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ sɤznɤ a-mbrɤz sɤ-rku a-pɯ-ŋu ɲɯ-ra
Glosses: DEM COMP 1SG.POSS-rice OBL:PCP-put.in IRR-IPFV-be SENS-be.needed
Translation: Why don't I use [this basin] as a rice container?' (150831 jubaopen-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑo kʰɯtsa ji-sɤ-ta me
Glosses: 1PL bowl 1PL.POSS-OBL:PCP-put not.exist:FACT
Translation: We don't have any place to put the bowls.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ji-ŋga sɤ-χtɕi
Glosses: 1PL.POSS-clothes OBL:PCP-wash
Translation: Our washing machine' (ex:jitWNga.sAXtCi heard in context, ex:jiNga.sAXtCi elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɕɯŋgɯ ɯ-sɤ-sqa pɯ-kɯ-ŋu ɯ-ŋgɯ (tu-rku-nɯ)
Glosses: DEM before 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-cook PST.IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV-put.in-PL
Translation: [They put it] in the [pan] that had been used to cook [the barley grains] previously.' (31-cha) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003764#S58"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qaʑmbri nɯ , nɤkinɯ , ɯ-sɤ-pe ra me , ɯ-mɤ-sɤ-pe ra me ,
Glosses: vine DEM FILLER 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-be.good PL not.exist:FACT 3SG.POSS-NEG-OBL:PCP-be.good PL not.exist:FACT
Translation: The vine is neither a boon nor a harm (to the plants on which it grows).' (06-qaZmbri) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003416#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑi-sɤx-ɕe nɯtɕu jo-zɣɯt tɕe
Glosses: 3DU.POSS-OBL:PCP-go DEM:LOC IFR-reach LNK
Translation: [The ox] arrived at the place where the two of them were going.' (150826 shier shengxiao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006284#S85"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [prɤɕta tʂu ku-sɤx-ɕe] nɯre ri tɯ-ji ci tu tɕe , nɯ cɤŋgɤɣ rmi .
Glosses: TOPO path IPFV:east-OBL:PCP-go DEM:LOC LOC INDEF.POSS-field INDEF exist:FACT LNK DEM TOPO be.called:FACT
Translation: On the road towards Prashta there is a field, it is called Kyangag.' (140522 kAmYW tWji) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004055#S110"></fn>