lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya Dilara’yı mı öptü ?
Glosses: Oya Dilara-ACC PolQP kiss-PST
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakowa hashitta↑?
Glosses: Hanako-TOP ran
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Oya Dilara’yı öptü ?
Glosses: Oya Dilara-ACC kiss-PST
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakotionga hashittaka Jiroga hashittaka (oshiete).
Glosses: Hanako-NOM ran-KA Jiro-NOM ran-KA tell
Translation: (Tell me) which is true: Hanako ran or Jiro ran?’ ✔Alternative Q
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kya: tum ca:i piyoge ya: coffee ?
Glosses: KYA you tea drink-FUT.2MPL or coffee
Translation: Will you drink tea or coffee?’ ✔Alternative Q
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Lähtikö Mari vai Pekka ?
Glosses: left-PolQP Mari or Pekka
Translation: Did Mari leave or did Pekka leave?’ ✔Alternative Q
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya Dilara’yı mı öptü (yoksa) Ali’yi mi ?
Glosses: Oya Dilara-ACC PolQP kiss-PST or Ali-ACC PolQP
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Oya Dilara’yı öptü (yoksa) Ali’yi ?
Glosses: Oya Dilara-ACC kiss-PST or Ali-ACC
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Darega hashittaka (oshiete).
Glosses: who-NOM ran-KA tell
Translation: (Tell me) who ran?
Language: Finnish
Transcription: *Kukako lähti ?
Glosses: who-PolQP left
Translation: (Int.) ‘Who left?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Kim Dilara’yı mı öptü ?
Glosses: who Dilara-ACC PolQP kiss-PST
Translation: (Int.) ‘Who kissed Dilara?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ṭi:car=ne Anu=se pu:cha: [ki kya: vo ca:i piyegi:].
Glosses: teacher=ERG Anu=from ask-PFV that KYA s/he tea drink.FUT.3FSG
Translation: The teacher asked Anu whether she would drink tea.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Anu ja:nti: hai [ki kya: tum ca:i piyoge].
Glosses: Anu.F know.HAB.F be.PRS.SG that KYA you tea drink.FUT.2MPL
Translation: (Int.) ‘Anu knows whether you will drink tea.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Jenna kysyi [onko huomenna hyvä sää].
Glosses: Jenna asked is-PolQP tomorrow good weather
Translation: Jenna asked whether tomorrow’s weather will be nice.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Jenna tietää [onko huomenna hyvä sää].
Glosses: Jenna knows is-PolQP tomorrow good weather
Translation: Jenna knows whether tomorrow’s weather will be nice.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali [Oya Sessizev’i mi aldı] merak ediyor .
Glosses: Ali Oya Sessizev-ACC PolQP buy-PST wonder
Translation: Ali wonders whether Oya bought Sessizev.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali [Oya Sessizev’i mi aldı] biliyor .
Glosses: Ali Oya Sessizev-ACC PolQP buy-PST know
Translation: Ali knows whether Oya bought Sessizev.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakowa [Jiroga hashittaka] kiita .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP Jiro-NOM ran-KA asked
Translation: Hanako asked whether Jiro ran.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Hanakowa [Jiroga hashittaka] shitteiru .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP Jiro-NOM ran-KA know
Translation: Hanako knows whether Jiro ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Nahĩ:, Shyamne di: thi:.
Glosses: NEG Shyam=ERG give.PFV.F be.PST.F
Translation: No, Shyam did.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Mariko lähti ?
Glosses: Mari-PolQP left
Translation: Was it Mari who left?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya (mı) Sessizev’i (mi) aldı (mı)?
Glosses: Oya PolQP Sessizev-ACC PolQP buy-PST PolQP
Language: Finnish
Transcription: [ Zoeko ] osti eilen uuden pyörän …
Glosses:  Zoe-PolQP  buy.PST yesterday new bike …
Translation: Is it Zoe who bought a new bike yesterday …
Language: Finnish
Transcription: [ Pyöränkö ] Zoe osti eilen …
Glosses:  bike-PolQP  Zoe buy.PST yesterday …
Translation: Is it a bike that Zoe bought yesterday …
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Oya mı ] dün yeni bir bisiklet aldı …
Glosses:  Oya PolQP  yesterday new one bike buy-PST 
Translation: Is it Oya who bought a new bike yesterday …
Language: Turkish
Transcription: #sattı mı ?
Glosses: sell-PST PolQP
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya [ dün mü ] yeni bir bisiklet aldı …
Glosses: Oya  yesterday PolQP  new one bike buy-PST 
Translation: Is it yesterday that Oya bought a new bike …
Language: Finnish
Transcription: [ Zoeko ] osti eilen uuden pyörän ?
Glosses:  Zoe-PolQP  buy.PST yesterday new bike
Translation: Is it Zoe who bought a new bike yesterday?
Language: Finnish
Transcription: [ Pyöränkö ] Zoe osti eilen ?
Glosses:  bike-PolQP  Zoe buy.PST yesterday
Translation: Is it a bike that Zoe bought yesterday?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Oya mı ] dün yeni bir bisiklet aldı ?
Glosses:  Oya PolQP  yesterday new one bike buy-PST
Translation: Is it Oya who bought a new bike yesterday?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Hayır , Ali (aldı).
Glosses: no Ali buy-PST
Translation: No, it is Ali.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: #Hayır , sattı .
Glosses: no sell-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya [ dün mü ] yeni bir bisiklet aldi ?
Glosses: Oya  yesterday PolQP  new one bike buy-PST
Translation: Is it yesterday that Oya bought a new bike?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: #Hayır , Ali (aldı).
Glosses: no Ali buy-PST
Language: Finnish
Transcription: [ Mariko ] lähti ?
Glosses:  Mari-PolQP  left
Translation: Was it Mari who left?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Oya mı ] ayrıldı ?
Glosses:  Oya PolQP  leave-PST
Translation: Was it Oya who left?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Jon=ne amra=ko kya: khılona diya ?
Glosses: John=ERG Amra=DAT KYA toy.M.SG.NOM give-PERF.M.SG
Translation: Did John give a toy to Amra?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jon=ne kya: amra=ko khılona diya ?
Glosses: John=ERG KYA Amra=DAT toy.M.SG.NOM give-PERF.M.SG
Translation: Did John give a toy to Amra?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #[ Mariko ] sinne lähti ?
Glosses:  Mari-PolQP  there leave.PST
Translation: Was it Mari who left there?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #[ Oya mı ] ayrıldı ?
Glosses:  Oya PolQP  leave-PST
Translation: Was it Oya who left?
Language: Finnish
Transcription: [ Mariko ] sinne lähti ?
Glosses:  Mari-PolQP  there leave.PST
Translation: Was it Mari who left there?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Oya mı ] Dilara’yı öptü ?
Glosses:  Oya PolQP  Dilara-ACC kiss-PST
Translation: Was it Oya who kissed Dilara?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Bi saniye bi saniye , birisinin Dilara’yı öptüğünden haberim yoktu .
Glosses: one sec one sec someone-GEN Dilara-ACC kiss-VN-3S.POSS-ABL news-1S.POSS not.exist.PST
Translation: Wait a second, I had no idea that someone had kissed Dilara.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Oya mı ] Sessizev’i aldı ?
Glosses:  Oya PolQP  Sessizev-ACC buy-PST
Translation: Was it Oya who bought Sessizev?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Herkes [ Ankaraya mı ] gityor ?
Glosses: everyone  Ankara-DAT PolQ  go-PRES
Translation: Is it Ankara that everyone is going to?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Oya Sessizevi aldı ?
Glosses: Oya Sessizev-ACC buy-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *OYA Sessizevi aldı ?
Glosses: Oya Sessizev-ACC buy-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oya [Sessizevi mi] aldı ?
Glosses: Oya Sessizev-ACC PolQP buy-PST
Translation: Was it Sessizev that Oya bought?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Oya Sessizevi mi aldı]?
Glosses: Oya Sessizev-ACC PolQP buy-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Dindar amcam iskambil de/bile oynadı .
Glosses: religious uncle.my cards even play-PST
Translation: My religious uncle also/even played cards yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oya Sessizevi [aldı mı]?
Glosses: Oya Sessizev-ACC buy.PST PolQP
Translation: Was it buying it that Oya did with Sessizev?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oya Sessizevi aldı mı ?
Glosses: Oya Sessizev-ACC buy.PST PolQP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Biri camı mı kırdı ?
Glosses: someone window-ACC PolQP break-PST
Translation: Did someone break the window?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Biri camı kırdı mı ?
Glosses: someone window-ACC break-PST PolQP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bebek yataktan mı yuvarlandı ?
Glosses: baby bed-ABL PolQP roll-PST
Translation: Did the baby roll down the bed?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Bebek yataktan yuvarlandı mı ?
Glosses: baby bed-ABL roll-PST PolQP
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali [[Oya mı] Sessizevi aldı] merak ediyor .
Glosses: Ali Oya PolQP Sessizev-ACC buy-PST] wonder
Translation: Ali wonders whether Oya bought Sessizev.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali [[Oya mı] Sessizevi aldı] biliyor .
Glosses: Ali Oya PolQP Sessizev-ACC buy-PST] know
Translation: Ali knows whether Oya bought Sessizev.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Oya mı] Sessizevi aldı (yoksa) [Ali mi]?
Glosses: Oya PolQP Sessizev-ACC buy-PST or Ali PolQP
Translation: Was it Oya who bought Sessizev or was it Ali?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Kim mi Dilara’yı öptü ?
Glosses: who PolQP Dilara-ACC kiss-PST
Translation: (Int.) ‘Who kissed Dilara?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Herkes Ankaraya gitmiyor .
Glosses: everyone Ankara-DAT go-NEG-PRES.PROG
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Dilara labda herkesi görmedi .
Glosses: Dilara lab-LOC everyone-ACC see-NEG-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Herkes mi ] Ankaraya gitmiyor ?
Glosses: everyone PolQP  Ankara-DAT go-NEG-PRES.PROG
Translation: Is everybody such that they are not going to Ankara?’ ∀ > ¬
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Dilara labda [ herkesi mi ] görmedi ?
Glosses: Dilara lab-LOC  everyone-ACC PolQP  see-NEG-PST
Translation: Is it everyone that Dilara has not seen at the lab?’ ∀ > ¬
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Herkes [ Ankaraya mı ] gitmiyor ?
Glosses: everyone  Ankara-DAT PolQP  go-NEG-PRES.PROG
Translation: Is it Ankara that no one is going to?’ ∀ > ¬
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Labda herkesi [ Dilara mı ] görmedi ?
Glosses: lab-LOC everyone-ACC  Dilara PolQP  see-NEG-PST
Translation: Is it Dilara who has not seen anyone at the lab?’ ∀ > ¬
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [ Ankaraya mı ] herkes gitmiyor ?
Glosses:  Ankara-LOC PolQP  everyone go-NEG-PRES.PROG
Translation: It it Ankara that not everyone is going to?’ ¬ > ∀
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Dilara mı] labda herkesi görmedi ?
Glosses: Dilara PolQP lab-LOC everyone-ACC see-NEG-PST
Translation: Is it Dilara who has not seen everybody at the lab?’ ¬ > ∀
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Oya mı] ayrıldı ?
Glosses: Oya PolQP leave-PST
Translation: Was it Oya who left?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Herkes mi] Ankaraya gitmiyor ?
Glosses: everyone Q Ankara-DAT go-NEG-PRES.PROG.3S
Translation: Is everybody such that they are not going to Ankara?’ ∀ > ¬
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Bi çocuk her elmayı yedi .
Glosses: a child every apple-ACC eat-PST.3sg
Translation: A child ate every apple.’ ✔ ∃ > ∀; *∀ > ∃
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Her elmayı bi çocuk yedi .
Glosses: every apple-ACC a child eat-PST.3sg
Translation: Every apple was eaten by a different child.’ *∃ > ∀; ✔∀ > ∃
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Ankaraya mı] herkes gitmiyor ?
Glosses: Ankara-LOC PolQP everyone go-NEG-PRES.PROG.3S
Translation: Is it Ankara that not everyone is going to?’ ¬ > ∀
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Herkes [Ankaraya mı] gitmiyor ?
Glosses: everyone Ankara-DAT Q go-NEG-PRES.PROG.3S
Translation: Is it Ankara that no one is going to?’ ∀ > ¬
Language: Korean
Transcription: *Minsuman nukulûl possni ?
Glosses: Minsu-only who-ACC see-PST-Q
Translation: Who did only Minsu see?
Language: Korean
Transcription: Nukulûl Minsuman poassni ?
Glosses: who-ACC Minsu-only see-PST-Q
Translation: Who did only Minsu see?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Sadece Oya mı] dün yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: only Oya PolQP yesterday dinner make-PST
Translation: Was it only Oya who made dinner yesterday?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Sadece Oya [dün mü] yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: only Oya yesterday PolQP dinner make-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Sadece Oya dün [yemek mi] yaptı ?
Glosses: only Oya yesterday dinner PolQP make-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Sadece Oya dün yemek yaptı mı ?
Glosses: only Oya yesterday dinner make-PST PolQP
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Oya bile mi] dün yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: Oya even PolQP yesterday dinner make-PST
Translation: Was it even Oya who made dinner yesterday?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Oya bile [dün mü] yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: Oya even yesterday PolQP dinner make-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Oya bile dün [yemek mi] yaptı ?
Glosses: Oya even yesterday dinner PolQP make-PST
Language: Turkish
Transcription: *Oya bile dün yemek yaptı mı ?
Glosses: Oya even yesterday dinner make-PST PolQP
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Dün mü] sadece Oya yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: yesterday PolQP only Oya dinner make-PST
Translation: Was it yesterday that only Oya made dinner?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya [dün mü] sadece yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: Oya yesterday PolQP only dinner make-PST
Translation: Was it yesterday that Oya made only dinner?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Dün mü] Oya bile yemek yaptı ?
Glosses: yesterday PolQP Oya even dinner make-PST
Translation: Was it yesterday that even Oya made dinner?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Oya [dün mü] yemek bile yaptı ?
Glosses: Oya yesterday PolQP dinner even make-PST
Translation: Was it yesterday that Oya made even dinner?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Az öğrenci [dün mü] Ankaraya gitti ?
Glosses: few students yesterday PolQP Ankara-DAT go-PST
Translation: Is it yesterday that few students went to Ankara?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ali geldi mi gideriz .
Glosses: Ali come.PST PolQP go-1PL
Translation: We’ll leave when Ali comes.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Mitäkö Pekka osti ? No koiran tietenkin .
Glosses: what-PolQP Pekka bought well dog of.course
Translation: Are you asking what Pekka bought? Well, a dog of course.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Kim mi Sessizevi aldı ? Tabiki de Can aldi .
Glosses: who PolQP Sessizev-ACC bought of.course FOC Can bought
Translation: Are you asking who bought Sessizev? Of course, Can bought it.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Merve [Alinin mi iskambil oynadığını] biliyor .
Glosses: Merve Ali-GEN PolQP card play-NOM-3SG-ACC know-PRES
Translation: Merve knows whether it was Ali who played cards.
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Evet , bir de Ali öptü .
Glosses: Yes, one ADD Ali kiss-PST
Translation: Yes, and Ali kissed her too.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Ja sprosila [ prishla *(li) Zoja ].
Glosses: 1SG ask-TH-PST-F  come-PST-F LI Zoj-NOM 
Translation: I asked whether Zoe came.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Ja znaju [ prixodila *(li) Zoja ].
Glosses: 1SG know-PRS-1SG  come-TH-PST-F LI Zoj-NOM 
Translation: I know whether Zoe came.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga [yosouijouni nihonjinga eigoga hidoku] kanjita .
Glosses: John.NOM than-expected the-Japanese.NOM English.NOM bad.INF think.PST
Translation: It seemed to John that the Japanese are worse at speaking English than he had expected.
Language: Georgian
Transcription: mxedavt
Glosses: 1-see-PL
Translation: You(.PL) see(.PL) me.
Language: Georgian
Transcription: gxedavt
Glosses: 2-see-PL
Translation: I see(.PL) you(.PL).
Language: Georgian
Transcription: vk′vdebi
Glosses: 1-die-X-IND.PRS
Translation: I am dying.’ (originally from Hewitt 1995: p. 118)
Language: Georgian
Transcription: mivc’ere
Glosses: X-1-write-AOR
Translation: I wrote it to her.’ (originally from Hewitt 1995: p. 190)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Babandu babolela Alfredi bali akhakhile .
Glosses: 2-2-people 2SA-said-APL-FV 1Alfred 2-that 1SA-FUT-conquer
Translation: The people told Alfred that he will win.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sammy kabolelwa ali bakeni bola .
Glosses: 1Sammy 1SA-say-APL-PASS 1-that 2-guests 2SA-arrived
Translation: Sammy was told that the guests arrived.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Basasi babolelwa nende Sammy mbo/*ali bakeni baarekukha .
Glosses: 2-parents 2SA-say-APL-PASS by 1Sammy that/*1-that 2-guests 2SA-PST-leave
Translation: The parents were told by Sammy that the guests left.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alfredi kaaloma ali babaandu bamwekesia bali/*ali omukeni kola .
Glosses: 1Alfred 1SA-PST-say 1-that 2-2-people 2SA-revealed 2-that/*1-that 1-1-guest 1SA-arrived
Translation: Alfred said people revealed that the guest arrived.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zhangsan renwei Lisi gei ta zijide shu .
Glosses: Zhangsan think Lisi give 3SG self-POSS book
Translation: Zhangsan thinks that Lisi gave him his book.’ Anand (2006)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Zhangsan shuo pashou toule zijide pibao .
Glosses: Zhangsan say pickpocket steal-PERF REFL-DE purse
Translation: Zhangsan said that the pickpocket stole his purse.’ Huang & Liu (2001)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Korra Zahiri kovaladı .
Glosses: Korra Zahir-ACC chase-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zahir kovalandı .
Glosses: Zahir chase-PASS-PST
Translation: Zahir was chased.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zahir Korra tarafından kovalandı .
Glosses: Zahir Korra by chase-PASS-PST
Translation: Zahir was chased by Korra.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Korra bizi kovaladı .
Glosses: Korra 1.PL-ACC chase-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Biz (Korra tarafından) kovalandık .
Glosses: 1.PL.NOM Korra by chase-PASS-PST-1.PL
Translation: We were chased (by Korra).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu çukura düşülür .
Glosses: This hole-DAT fall-PASS-AOR
Translation: One may fall to this hole.’ Lit(eral): ‘It is fallen to this hole.’ (unaccusative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dün maratonda koşuldu .
Glosses: yesterday marathon-LOC run-PASS-PST
Translation: There was running in the marathon yesterday.’ Lit: ‘It was run in the marathon yesterday.’ (unergative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Harpte vurulunur .
Glosses: war-LOC shoot-PASS-PASS-AOR
Translation: One is shot (by one) in war.’ (Özkaragöz 1986: 76)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu kitap dün okundu .
Glosses: This book yesterday read-PASS-PST
Translation: This book was read yesterday.’ (canonical passive)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dün konserde bağırıldı .
Glosses: yesterday concert-LOC shout-PASS-PST
Translation: Someone/People shouted in the concert yesterday.’ Lit: ‘It was shouted in the concert yesterday.’ (passive of unergative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ay , az once çukura düşüldü .
Glosses: Oh, short before hole-DAT fall-PASS-PST
Translation: Int(ended): ‘Oh, people/someone fell to this hole a short time ago.’ Lit: ‘It was fallen to this hole a short time ago.’ (passive of unaccusative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Birinci dünya savaşında vurulundu .
Glosses: first world war-POSS-LOC shoot-PASS-PASS-PST
Translation: Int: ‘One/Someone was shot (by someone) in WWI.’ (double passive)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aid opan matsesØ peek .
Glosses: that.one dog-ERG people-ABS bite-NPST-INDICATIVE
Translation: That dog bites people.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aid opaØ peanek .
Glosses: that.one dog-ABS bite-AP-NPAST-INDICATIVE
Translation: That dog bites (me/us …).’ (Fleck 2006: 559)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Petras svaido akmenis
Glosses: peter-NOM throws stone-ACC.PL
Translation: Peter is throwing stones.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Petras svaidosi akmenimis
Glosses: peter-NOM throws-AP stone-INSTR.PL
Translation: Peter is throwing stones.’ (Lidz 1996: 96)
Language: Tsez
Transcription: kidbā [užā hibored bikori žek’siƛin] eƛis
Glosses: girl-ERG boy-ERG stick-INSTR snake hit-PST.EVID-COMP said
Translation: The girl said the boy hit a snake with a stick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Zahiri kovalandı .
Glosses: Zahir-ACC chase-PASS-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Zahir was chased.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zahir Korraya sataşır .
Glosses: Zahir Korra-DAT taunt-AOR
Translation: Zahir taunted Korra.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Zahir Korrayı sataşır .
Glosses: Zahir Korra-ACC taunt-AOR
Translation: Int: ‘Zahir taunted Korra.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Korraya sataşılır .
Glosses: Korra-DAT taunt-PASS-AOR
Translation: One can/might taunt Korra.’ ‘Korra might be taunted.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Kavgada sataşılınır .
Glosses: fight-LOC taunt-PASS-PASS-AOR
Translation: One is taunted (by someone) in a fight.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu oyunda kovalanılır .
Glosses: this game-LOC chase-PASS-PASS-AOR
Translation: One is chased (by someone) in this game.’ Lit: ‘It is chased in this game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dikkat et , burada çok fena kayılır .
Glosses: attention do here very badly skid-PASS-AOR
Translation: Be careful, one skids here very badly.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ay , dün burada çok fena kayıldı .
Glosses: Oh yesterday here very badly skid-PASS-PST
Translation: Oh, yesterday it was skidded here very badly.’ (Sezer 1991: 64)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu havada donulur .
Glosses: this weather-LOC freeze-PASS-AOR
Translation: One gets frozen in this weather.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Dün bu havada donuldu .
Glosses: Yesterday this weather-LOC freeze-PASS-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Yesterday, somebody got frozen in this weather.’ Lit: ‘Yesterday, it was frozen in this weather.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dün maçta bağırıldı/konuşuldu .
Glosses: yesterday game-LOC yell-PASS-PST/SPEAK-PASS-PST
Translation: Lit: ‘It was yelled/spoken in the game yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu vazo dün kırıldı .
Glosses: this vase yesterday break-PASS-PST
Translation: This vase was broken yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Harpte ne oldu ?
Glosses: war-LOC what be-PST
Translation: What happened in war?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Vurulundu .
Glosses: shoot-PASS-PASS-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Somebody was shot in war.’ Lit: ‘It was shot (by someone).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu oyunda oyuncular iki kez dirilir .
Glosses: this game-LOC gamer-PL two time revive-AOR
Translation: Gamers revive twice in this game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oyuncular diğer oyuncuları iki kez diriltir .
Glosses: gamer-PL other gamer-PL-ACC two time revive-CAUS-AOR
Translation: Gamers revive other gamers twice in this game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu oyunda oyuncular iki kez diriltilir .
Glosses: this game-LOC gamer-PL two time revive-CAUS-PASS-AOR
Translation: Gamers are revived twice in this game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Bu oyunda iki kez dirilintilir .
Glosses: this game-LOC two time revive-PASS-CAUS-PASS-AOR
Translation: Int: ‘One is revived two times in this game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu oyunda iki kez diriltilinir .
Glosses: This game-LOC two time revive-CAUS-PASS-PASS-AOR
Translation: One is revived two times in this game.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sen dün vuruldun .
Glosses: you yesterday shoot-PASS-PST-2.SG
Translation: You were shot yesterday.’ (transitive passive)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dün kitap okundu .
Glosses: Yesterday book read-PASS-PST
Translation: There was book-reading yesterday.’ (object pseudo-incorporation-active)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bu oyunda iki kez dirilinir .
Glosses: this game-LOC two time revive-PASS-AOR
Translation: One gets revived two times in this game.’ (unaccusative impersonal)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Öğrenciler okul bahçesinde öğrenciler tarafından kitap okudu .
Glosses: student-PL school garden-POSS-LOC student-PL by book read-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Students did book-reading in the school-yard.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Askerler dün askerler tarafından mağaraya girdi .
Glosses: soldier-PL yesterday soldier-PL by cave-DAT enter-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Soldiers entered the cave yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ali tarafından hızlı kitap okundu .
Glosses: Ali by quick book read-PASS-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Ali gizlice hızlı kitap okudu .
Glosses: Ali secret-ADVZ fast book read-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali gizlice hızlı hızlı kitap okudu .
Glosses: Ali secret-ADVZ fast fast book read-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Okulumuz bahçesinde , velilerimiz ve öğrencilerimiz tarafından kitap okundu .
Glosses: school-1.PL.POSS garden-POSS-LOC parent-PL-1.PL.POSS and student-PL-1.PL.POSS by book read-PASS-PST
Translation: In the playground of our school, there was book-reading by our students and their parents.’ (Attested online)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dün askerler tarafından mağaraya girildi .
Glosses: yesterday soldier-PL by cave-DAT enter-PASS-PST
Translation: There was entering into the cave by soldiers yesterday.’ (Taneri 1993)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *DP Zahiri kovalandı .
Glosses:  Zahir-ACC chase-IMP-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Someone chased Zahir.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Müfettişlerin kurumumuza geldiğ(ler)ini duydum .
Glosses: inspector-PL-GEN institution-our-DAT come-NMLZ(-PL)-POSS-ACC hear-PST-1.SG
Translation: Int: ‘I heard that the inspectors came to our institution.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kurumumuza müfettişler geldiğ(*ler)ini duydum .
Glosses: institution-our-DAT inspector-PL come-NMLZ(*PL)-POSS-ACC head-PST-1.SG
Translation: I heard that inspectors came to our institution.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Müfettişlerin kurumumuza bakanlık tarafından gönderildiğ(ler)ini duydum .
Glosses: inspector-PL-GEN institution-our-DAT ministry by send-PASS-NMLZ(-PL)-POSS-ACC hear-PST-1.SG
Translation: I heard that (the) inspectors were sent to our institution by the ministry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kurumumuza bakanlık tarafından müfettişler gönderildiğ(*ler)ini duydum .
Glosses: institution-our-DAT ministry by inspector-PL send-PASS-NMLZ(*-PL)-POSS-ACC hear-PST-1.SG
Translation: I heard that inspectors were sent to our institution by the ministry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Duydum ki Ali gelmiş .
Glosses: hear-PST-1.SG COMP Ali come-PST
Translation: I heard that Ali came.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aapinis’iicʔiiša
Glosses: apple-consume-3.IND-PL
Translation: They are eating apples.’ (Wojdak 2005: 3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Korra kovalandı .
Glosses: Korra chase-PASS-PST
Translation: Korra was chased.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *içinil çalışıldı .
Glosses: for-PASS work-PASS-PST
Translation: Int: ‘Someone worked for someone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(kendisi) için hediye aldığınız kişi
Glosses: self for present buy-NMLZ-POSS.2.PL person
Translation: Int: ‘the person who you bought a present for
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mehmet benim/*beni için kitap aldı .
Glosses: Mehmet 1.SG-GEN/1.SG-ACC for book buy-PST
Translation: Mehmet bought a book for me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mehmet Ali/*Aliyi için kitap aldı .
Glosses: Mehmet Ali/Ali-ACC for book buy-PST
Translation: Mehmet bought a book for Ali.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dün kümeste bayağı yumurtlanmış .
Glosses: yesterday henhouse-LOC quite lay.eggs-PASS-PST
Translation: There was a lot of laying-eggs in the henhouse yesterday.’ Lit: ‘It was laid-eggs a lot in the henhouse yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . Wordinitial RØCV → iRØCV (prothetic vowel in italics)
Glosses: b . Word-internal: CØRØCV → CiRØCV (epenthetic vowel in italics)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: d₁ talabni [taˈlabni] ‘he asked me’ d₂ (ma) talabnix [talabˈniːʃ] ‘he didn’t ask me’
Glosses: e₁ talab-na [taˈlabna] ‘he asked us’ e₂ (ma) talabniex [talabˈnɪːʃ] ‘he didn’t ask us’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Yaa (Layla), dade ammaye ? Arabic
Glosses: VOC-P Layla mother where-COP.3G 
Translation: Layla, where is mother?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: smæʕɩnɩ ja mamæ Lebanese
Glosses: IMP.hear-2F.SG-me VOC-P mother 
Translation: Listen to me.’ (a mother addresses her daughter) (Robertson Rieschild 1998:623)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ar gamagono , bicola , šeni t’irili ! Georgian
Glosses: not PREV-1IO-hear-OPT aunt.VOC your-NOM crying-NOM 
Translation: Don’t let me hear you crying, aunt [addressing nephew or niece of husband]!’ (from Abuladze & Ludden 2013: 33)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: r ǝc’ k’ǝ č
Glosses: 5 be.filled -CAUS -PRES
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: oλul bu<wɑ́>č’er baba
Glosses: DEM.OBL-ERG 4-cut<>-PAST bread.4
Translation: (s)he cut bread all the time’ or ‘(s)he cut several loaves of bread’ (B95:82)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ǝgra ʕadamla bu<wɑ́>t’oλ xorabaa∅
Glosses: that-PL person-PL 4-sleep<>-WHEN snore-AP--PRES
Translation: after these people have gone to bed, they snore’ (B95:92)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: q’ǝra qodabaarƛi
Glosses: child study-AP--PPT-NMLZ
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: šóše (bandage) + → hypothetical (ɑ́ suffix): *šošɑ́
Glosses:  → attested (ɑ́ infix): šo<wɑ́>še, (11c)                               (B95:334)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ék (fall) + → hypothetical (ɑ́ suffix): *ekɑ́
Glosses:  → attested (ɑ́ infix): e<yɑ́>k, (11b)                                                   (B95:295)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gianni glielo ha reso (It .) 3Dat > 3Acc
Glosses: Gianni to.him=it= has given.back 
Translation: Gianni gave it back to him
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gianni gliel’ ha ridipinta (It .)
Glosses: Gianni to.him=it= has repainted
Translation: Gianni repainted it to his benefit
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Glielo porta (It .)
Glosses: to.him=it= he.brings
Translation: He brings it to him
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Le lui donnentils ? (Fr .)
Glosses: it to.him give-they
Translation: Do they give it to him?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: i tʃamalu sempri (Borgomanero; Piedmontese , northwestern ItaloRomance)
Glosses: they call-him always
Translation: They always call him
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I porti milla . (Borgomanero; Pied .)
Glosses: I= bring not=it
Translation: I’m not bringing it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I vangumma giànni da dü agni .
Glosses: We= see already=us of two years
Translation: We’ve already been seeing each other for two years.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I vônghi piöllu .
Glosses: I= see any.more=him
Translation: I don’t see him any more.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I an rangiòla . (Cairo Montenotte , Parry 2005)
Glosses: They= have fixed=it.F 
Translation: They fixed it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fiʎʎəmə/tə (Guardiaregia , Molise)
Glosses: child-my/-your 
Translation: my/your child
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: rə fiʎʎəmə/tə
Glosses: the child-my/-your
Translation: my/your children
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Portamelo !/ Portacelo !
Glosses: Bring=me=it/ bring=there=it
Translation: Bring it there/to me!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cerca di portarmelo/celo .
Glosses: Try to bring=to.me=it/there=it
Translation: Try to bring it to me/there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: e [ a los otros] acomendo los a dios26 (o .Sp .)
Glosses: and  to the others commended =them to god 
Translation: and he commended the others to god.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: vammelo a prendere .
Glosses: go=to.me=it to fetch
Translation: Go fetch it for me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Donnelemoi !
Glosses: give.IMP =it=to.me
Translation: Give it to me!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Le lui donnetil ?
Glosses: it= to.him/her= give.3SG-t-he
Translation: Does he give it to him/her?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Portamelo ! (It .)
Glosses: bring=me=it
Translation: Bring it to me!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maa {twaa/*tai}nuu bulaa rayii je .
Glosses: mother.NOM 2PL.OBL/2SG.OBL-DOM call PRG.F.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: Mother is calling you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: {Anata/kisama}niwa wakaranai desyoone .
Glosses: 2H/2NH-DAT-TOP understand-NEG COP.ALLOC.H-PRS-SFP
Translation: You do not understand (this).
Language: Basque
Transcription: Pettek lan egin dik
Glosses: Peter-ERG work do.PFV 3ERG-M
Translation: Peter worked.’ (said to a male friend)
Language: Basque
Transcription: Pettek lan egin din
Glosses: Peter-ERG work do.PFV 3ERG-F
Translation: Peter worked.’ (said to a female friend)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tusii maanuu bulaa raye {o/(*je)}
Glosses: 2PL.NOM mother-DOM call PRG.M.PL be.PRS.2PL/ALLOC.PL
Translation: You are calling mother.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maa twaanuu bulaa rayii {e/je}
Glosses: mother.NOM 2PL.OBL-DOM call PRG.F.SG be.PRG.3SG/ALLOC.PL
Translation: Mother is calling you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maa {twaanuu/*tainuu} bulaa rayii je .
Glosses: mother.NOM 2PL.OBL-DOM/2SG.OBL-DOM call PRG.F.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: Mother is calling you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maa {tainuu/*twaanuu} bulaa rayii aa .
Glosses: mother.NOM 2SG.OBL-DOM/2PL.OBL-DOM call PRG.F.SG ALLOC.SG
Translation: Mother is calling you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anatawa okaasano yondeimasita .
Glosses: 2H-TOP mother-ACC call-PRG-ALLOC.H-PST
Translation: You were calling (your) mother.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Okaasanwa anatao yondeimasita .
Glosses: mother-TOP 2H-ACC call-PRG-ALLOC.H-PST
Translation: (Your) mother was calling you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Karewa anatani koreo makasemasita .
Glosses: he-TOP 2H-DAT this-ACC entrust-ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: He entrusted this to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Karewa sotirani koreo makasemasita .
Glosses: he-TOP 2H-DAT this-ACC entrust-ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: He entrusted this to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kimiwa dareto siawasena akubio simasuka ?
Glosses: 2MH-TOP who-with happy yawn do-ALLOC.H-Q
Translation: With whom do you give a happy yawn?’ (Lyrics by Noriyuki Makihara)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ore , tuutyoo miteno toori okaneno kanri mattaku dekinai kara] omaeni makasemasu .
Glosses: I passbook see-GEN as money-GEN management never can-NEG since 2MH-DAT trust-ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: Since, as you can see from my passbook, I cannot ever manage my money, I will leave it up to you.’ (https://trip-partner.jp/8204)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hirotta yatuo antani osiemasitayo .
Glosses: pick-PST thing-ACC 2MH-DAT teach-ALLOC.H-SFP
Translation: I showed you the thing I had found.’4
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kisamaniwa wakaranai desyoone .
Glosses: 2NH-DAT-TOP understand-NEG COP.ALLOC.H-EPI-SFP
Translation: You do not understand (this).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Temeeniwa kankee nai desuyone ?
Glosses: 2NH-with-TOP relation absent COP.ALLOC.H-PRS-SFP
Translation: This has nothing to do with you, right?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Massiijii , tusii bajaar {gaye/*gayiyãã} so .
Glosses: aunt-H 2PL.NOM market go.PFV.M.PL/go.PFV.F.PL be.PST.2PL
Translation: Aunt, you went to the market.’ Singular honorific
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga Akirao sagasimasita .
Glosses: John-NOM Akira-ACC look for-ALLOC.H-PST
Translation: John looked for Akira (non-honorific).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Johnga senseio osagasisimasita .
Glosses: John-NOM teacher-ACC look for.OH-ALLOC.H-PST
Translation: John looked for the teacher (honorific).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroowa anatato oaisita .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP 2H-with meet.OH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroowa anatato Hanakoo {#otasukesi/tasuke}ta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP 2H-with Hanako-ACC help.OH/help-PST
Translation: Taroo helped Hanako with you.’7
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroowa [anataga okirei dato] {*oomoisi/omot}ta .
Glosses: Taroo-TOP 2H-NOM H-beautiful COP-that think.OH/think-PST
Translation: Taroo thought (OH) [you were beautiful].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hanakoga gakkaikaizyooni anatao oturesita .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM conference room-DAT 2H-ACC take.OH-PST
Translation: Hanako took (OH) you to the conference room.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Hanakoga dorobooni anatao gosyookaisita .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM thief-DAT 2H-ACC introduce.OH-PST
Translation: Hanako introduced (OH) you to the thief.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hanakoga anatani dorobooo gosyookaisita .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM 2H-DAT thief-ACC introduce.OH-PST
Translation: Hanako introduced (OH) the thief to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ano [atamaga ii] anata
Glosses: that head-NOM good you
Translation: that you who is smart
Language: Shuswap
Transcription: [Xwexwéyt] re swet xwist0és [newt7s] re qe7tses .
Glosses: all DET who like-TRANS-3SG.OBJ-3SG.SUBJ EMPH-3 DET father-3.POSS
Translation: Everyone likes his father.’ (Lai 1998, as cited in Déchaine & Wiltschko 2002)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Daremoga kareno hahaoyao aisiteiru .
Glosses: everyone-NOM he-GEN mother-ACC love-PRS
Translation: Everyone loves his mother.’ (Noguchi 1997: 770)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anatadakega anatano heyani iru .
Glosses: 2H-only-NOM 2H-GEN room-in be-PRS
Translation: Only you stay in your room.’ (√ referential; *bound)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anatadakega zibunno heyani iru .
Glosses: 2H-only-NOM self-GEN room-in be-PST
Translation: Only you stay in your room.’ (√ bound)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anataga [anatano heyani iru] yuituno ningen da .
Glosses: 2H-NOM 2H-GEN room-in be-PRS only-GEN man COP
Translation: You are the only person who is in your room.’ (√referential, *bound)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anatawa oreno titioya desu .
Glosses: 2H-TOP 1-GEN father COP.ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: You are my father.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Temeewa tensai desu .
Glosses: 2NH-TOP genius COP.ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: You are a genius (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anatawa tensai desu .
Glosses: 2H-TOP genius COP.ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: You are a genius.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Temeeniwa watasino kuroowa wakaranai desyoone .
Glosses: 2NH-DAT-TOP 1SG-GEN struggle-TOP understand-NEG ALLOC.H-EPI-SFP
Translation: You will never understand my struggles.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anataniwa watasino kuroowa wakaranai desyoone .
Glosses: 2H-DAT-TOP 1SG-GEN trouble-TOP understand-NEG ALLOC.H-EPI-SFP
Translation: You will never understand my struggles.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyoowa nanini {suru/?*simasu}?
Glosses: today-TOP what-DAT do-PRS/do-ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: What will I cook today?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dainizi sekai taisenwa 1945nenni owarimasita .
Glosses: second world war-TOP 1945-year-in end-ALLOC.H-PST
Translation: The WWII ended in 1945.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Garmii bimaariyããdaa mausam {e/#je}.
Glosses: summer diseases-GEN season be.PRS/ALLOC.PL
Translation: Summer is the season of diseases.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Natsuwa nettyusyono kisetsu {da/desu}.
Glosses: summer-TOP heatstroke-GEN season COP.ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: Summer is the season of heat stroke.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Anatawa sensei desu .
Glosses: 2P-TOP teacher COP.ALLOC.H-PRS
Translation: You are a teacher (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: {Anata/*?kisama}wa asita daigakuni irassyaimasu ka ?
Glosses: 2H/2NH-TOP tomorrow university-DAT go.SH-ALLOC.H-PRS Q
Translation: Will you go to the university tomorrow?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Asahisinbunga senseini gorenrakusita
Glosses: Asahi-newspaper-NOM teacher-DAT communicate.OH-PST
Translation: Asahi Newspaper contacted the teacher (infelicitous unless the speaker belongs to the newspaper company).
Language: Warlpiri
Transcription: Ngajurlu karnangku nyuntu nyanyi .
Glosses: I-ERG PRS-1SUBJ-2OBJ you see-NPST
Translation: I see you.’ (Hale 1983: 18)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: watasiwa [senseino otaku]ni ukagatta
Glosses: I-TOP teacher-GEN house-LOC visit.OH-PST
Translation: I visited the teacher’s house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: watasiwa [watasino uti]ni senseio oyobisita .
Glosses: I-TOP I-GEN house-to teacher-ACC invite.OH-PST
Translation: I invited the teacher to my house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watasiwa [senseeno otaku]ni sangen ukagatta .
Glosses: I-TOP teacher-GEN house-ni three-CL visit.OH-PST
Translation: (I) made a visit to three houses of the teacher.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Watasiwa [watasino uti]ni senseio sangen oyobisita .
Glosses: I-TOP I-GEN house-to teacher-ACC three-CL invite.OH-PST
Translation: I invited the teacher to three of my houses (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tarooga gakuseini futari nimotuo okutta .
Glosses: Taro-NOM students-DAT 2-CL package-ACC sent
Translation: Taro sent two students a package.’ (Miyagawa 1989)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Temeewa hontoni tensai nan desune .
Glosses: 2NH-TOP really genius MOOD COP.ALLOC.H-PRS-SFP
Translation: You are really a genius.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Inhoka choysenul ta haesssupnita .
Glosses: Inho-NOM best-ACC all do-PST-DEC.FORMAL
Translation: Inho did his best.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Inhoka sensayngnimkkey [choysenul ta haesssupnitako] malhayssta .
Glosses: Inho-NOM teacher-to best-ACC all do-PST-DEC.FORMAL-COMP said-DEC.PLAIN
Translation: Inho told the teacher that he did his best.’ (Portner et al. 2019)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ∅ encey kasiesseyo ?
Glosses: ∅ when go-HON-PST-INT.POL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nalul ttalaoala !
Glosses: I-ACC follow-come-IMP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jon etorriko duk .
Glosses: Jon-ERG come-FUT EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M
Translation: Jon will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jonek esan dik etorriko du(%k)ela .
Glosses: Jon-ERG say-PRF EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M come-FUT EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-C
Translation: Jon has said that he will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne keyaa [ki miiraa kal aayegii je]
Glosses: Karan-ERG said that Mira tomorrow come.FUT ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan said that Mira will come tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *karanne soceyaa [ki miraa kal aayegii je]
Glosses: Karan-ERG thought that Mira tomorrow come.FUT ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan thought that Mira will come tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *karan bajaar gayaa [kyoNkii onuu ikk kuRiine bulaayaa je]
Glosses: Karan market go.PRF because 3.SG-DOM a girl-ERG call.PRF ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan went to the market because a girl called him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santeeaa dauRlau .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santeeaa dauRlo .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-NH.SBJ;H.ALLOC
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Santeeaa dauRlain .
Glosses: Santee-NH run-PRF-NH.SBJ;HH.ALLOC
Translation: Santee ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ham dekhliau [ki Santeeaa bhag gelau].
Glosses: I saw-1-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC COMP Santee escape went-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: I saw that Santee ran away.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Laikwaa [je uhan khaRaa hau] hamar bhaai hau .
Glosses: Boy REL.PRO there stand be-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC my brother be-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: The boy who is standing there is my brother.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Aphawaah [ki Santeeaa inaam jitlau] sahii halau
Glosses: rumor COMP Santee prize won-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC true be-PRF-NH.SBJ;NH.ALLOC
Translation: The rumor that Santee won the prize was true.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: John socha hau ki ham tej hiau .
Glosses: John think be-NH.ALLOC that I smart be-1.SBJ-NH.ALLOC
Translation: John thinks that I (=speaker, =John) am smart.’ [spoken to a friend] (Alok & Baker 2018)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Naan dӡaangiri vaangineenŋgæ .
Glosses: I Jangri buy-PST-1SG.SBJ-ALLOC
Translation: I bought Jangri.’ (McFadden 2020)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maya [taan pooʈʈilæ dӡejkkappooreenŋgænnŭ] Seethakiʈʈæ sonnaa .
Glosses: Maya.NOM ANAPH.NOM contest-LOC win-go-PRS-1SG-ALLOC-COMP Seetha-LOC say-PST-3.F.SG.SBJ
Translation: Maya told Seetha that she would win the contest.’ (Plural/polite form to embedded addressee) (adapted from Sundaresan (2018))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Todo o mundo o viu / *viuno
Glosses: all the world it saw / saw-it
Translation: Everyone saw it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Xan Rodriguez *o viu / viuno
Glosses: Xan Rodriguez it saw / saw-it
Translation: Xan Rodriguez saw it.’ (Adapted from Uriagereka (1995))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: El dixo que a viu / *viuna onte .
Glosses: he said.3SG that her saw.3SG / saw.3SG-her yesterday
Translation: He said that he saw her yesterday.’6
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Creo que *viucha(<che+a) / cha viu .
Glosses: think.1SG that saw.3SG-2SG.FAM.DAT.3SG.F / 2SG.FAM.DAT.3SG.F saw.3SG
Translation: I think he/she/it saw her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (*ba)zetorre(%k)en ekaitza .
Glosses: ba-EXPL-come-2SG.FAM.M-COMP storm.DEF
Translation: The storm that is coming.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez zakiat [(ba)zetorre(%k)en ala ez].
Glosses: NEG EXPL-know-2SG.FAM.M-1SG.ERG EPEN-EXPL-COME-2SG.FAM.M-COMP or NEG
Translation: I don’t know if he’s coming or not.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jon zetorre(%k)enean ikusiko diat .
Glosses: Jon EXPL-come-2SG.FAM.M-COMP-in see-FUT EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-1SG
Translation: When John comes, I will see him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hanakowa kimasu .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP come--PRS
Translation: Hanako will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Hanakoga kimasu kara], ieni itekudasai
Glosses: Hanako-NOM come-ALLOC-PRS because home-at be-please
Translation: Because Hanako will come, please be at home.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroowa [Hanakoga kimasu to] itta .
Glosses: Taro-TOP Hanako-NOM come-ALLOC-PRS COMP said
Translation: Taro said that Hanako will come.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watasiwa [mizutamamoyoono arimasu kamiga] hosii to omoimasu .
Glosses: I-TOP polka.dots exist-ALLOC-PRS paper-NOM want COMP think-MAS-PRS
Translation: I want the paper that has polka dots.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Karemo [kareno musukoga kabino kowasite simaimasita koto]o wabite orimasu .
Glosses: he-also he-GEN son-NOM vase-ACC break-CV MAL-HON-PST COMP-ACC apologizing-CVB PROG.HON-HON-PRS
Translation: He is also apologizing for his son having broken the vase.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Isyawa kanzyasanni [e kusurio nomimasu yooni] motomemasita .
Glosses: doctor-TOP patient-DAT  medicine-ACC take-MAS-PRS C ask-MAS-PST
Translation: The doctor asked the patient to take medicine.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Manex joanen dela] uste duk
Glosses: Manex go-FUT EXPL-ROOT-COMP think EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M
Translation: You think that John will go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Manex joanen duala] uste duk
Glosses: Manex go-FUT EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-COMP think EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M
Translation: You think that John will go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lan egiten duia hire lagunak ?
Glosses: work do-IMPERF EXPL-ROOT-Q your friend
Translation: Does your friend work?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Lan egiten dina hire lagunak ?
Glosses: work do-IMPERF EXPL-ROOT-2SG.FAM.M-Q your friend
Translation: Does your friend work?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Inhoka choysenul ta haessta .
Glosses: Inho-NOM best-ACC all do-PST-DECL.PLN
Translation: Inho did his best.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Inhoka choysenul ta haess(nu)nya/ni ?
Glosses: Inho-NOM best-ACC all do-PST-INT.PLN
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Choysenul ta hala/ela !
Glosses: best-ACC all do-IMP.PLN
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Gomeiwakuo okake simasitakoto]wa zonzite imasu .
Glosses: trouble-ACC HON-giving do-HON-PST-COMP-TOP know.HON-CVB PRF-HON-PRS
Translation: I know that I gave you trouble.’ (Yamada 2019: 366)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Isyawa kanzyasanini [ei kusurio nomimasu yooni] motomemasita .
Glosses: doctor-TOP patient-DAT e medicine-ACC take-MAS-PRS COMP ask-MAS-PST
Translation: The doctor asked the patient to take medicine.’ (Miyagawa 2022)