lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: De sleutel moest / kon (wel) (eens) in de la liggen .
Glosses: the key NEC.PST.3SG / POS.PST.3SG (PTCL) (PTCL) in the drawer lie-INF
Translation: The key {had to be}/{might have been} in the drawer.’ [Past TP, Present TO] (Rullmann & Matthewson 2018: 289–290)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nayngcangkoey aisu khulimi iss∅tako sayngkakhaysse .
Glosses: freezer-LOC ice cream-NOM exist-PRES-DECL-COMP think-PAST-DECL
Translation: I thought that there was ice cream in the freezer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nayngcangkoey aisu khulimi iss∅ul swu issesse .
Glosses: freezer-LOC ice cream-NOM exist-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: There might be some ice cream in the freezer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswuka cikum kakey mwunul tat∅∅ul swu iss∅e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM now store door-ACC close-PERF-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might close the store now.’ ‘Chelswu is able to close the store now.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to close the store now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswuka cikum kakey mwunul tatkoiss∅ul swu iss∅e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM now store door-ACC close-PROG-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be closing the store now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kesi [nayka ilk∅ul] chayi∅ta .
Glosses: This thing-NOM I-NOM read-PRES-ADN book-be-PRES-DECL
Translation: This is the book that I will read.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kesi [nayka ku chaykul ilk∅ul] iyui∅ta .
Glosses: This thing-NOM I-NOM that book-ACC read-PRES-ADN reason-be-PRES-DECL
Translation: This is the reason why I will read the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswunun ttokttokha∅l swu iss∅e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP smart-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be smart.’ [Epistemic] #’Chelswu is able to be smart.’ [Dynamic (ability)] #’Chelswu is allowed to be smart.’ [Priority (permission)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Apenimkkeyse ku thakcalul olmki∅l swu issusi∅ta .
Glosses: father-HON.NOM that table-ACC move-PRES-ADN SWU exist-HON-PRES-DECL
Translation: #‘The father might move the table.’ [Epistemic] ‘The father is able to move the table.’ [Dynamic (ability)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Apenimkkeyse ku thakcalul olmkisi∅l swu iss∅ta .
Glosses: father-HON.NOM that table-ACC move-HON-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: The father might move the table.’ [Epistemic] #’The father is able to move the table.’ [Dynamic (ability)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ku pwuni ku mwunceylul phwusi∅l swu iss∅ta .
Glosses: that person.HON-NOM that problem-ACC solve-HON-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: It is possible that that person will solve the problem.’ [Epistemic] ‘That person is able to solve the problem.’ [Dynamic (ability)] (Mun 2016: 82)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswunun ku hyukeysileyse camsi swikoiss∅ul swu iss∅e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP that lounge-LOC for.a.while rest-PROG-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be taking a rest at the lounge for a while.’ ‘Chelswu is able to be taking a rest at the lounge for a while.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to be taking a rest at the lounge for a while.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswunun kyohoy yeypay cwungey malepsi coyonghi iss∅ul swu iss∅e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP church service during speech-without quietly be-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might stay quiet without a word during the church service.’ ‘Chelswu is able to stay quiet without a word during the church service.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to stay quiet without a word during the church service.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(il)waaħad laazim yiSħa bakkiir
Glosses: the-one.MS must wake-up.3MS early
Translation: Intended: ‘People must wake up early.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ilwaaħad biguul innu iltadxiin mish Siħħi
Glosses: the-one.MS says.3MS that the-smoking NEG healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘They say that smoking is unhealthy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *imbariħ ,  saʔal ʕannak , bas ma ħaka šuu bidduh
Glosses: yesterday, the-one.MS asked.3MS about-you, but NEG said.3MS what wants-he.3MS
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone asked about you yesterday, but they did not say what they want.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *imbariħ , saʔal ʕannak , bas ma ħaka šuu bidduh
Glosses: yesterday, asked.3MS about-you the-one.MS, but NEG said.3MS what wants-he.3MS
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone asked about you yesterday, but they did not say what they want.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad kaan Taayiš fi Siɣaruh
Glosses: the-one.MS was.MS reckless.MS in youth-his
Translation: Intended: ‘I was reckless when I was young.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ilwaaħad rayiħ ʕalbeit
Glosses: the-one.MS going.3MS to-the-home
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *šuu (il)waaħad biddu youkil ?
Glosses: what the-one.MS want.3MS eat.3MS
Translation: Intended: ‘What do you want to eat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ana  ilijazaat
Glosses: I.1MS like.1MS the-vacations.FPL
Translation: I like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: iħna  ilijazaat
Glosses: we.1PL like.1MPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: We like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: inta/intii / ilijazaat
Glosses: you.2MS/you.2FS like.2MS/like.2FS the-vacations.FPL
Translation: You (SG) like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: intuu/intin / ilijazaat
Glosses: you.2MPL/you.2FPL like.2MPL/like.2FPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: You (PL) like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: huu/hii / ilijazaat
Glosses: he.3MS/she.3FS like.3MS/like.3FS the-vacations.FPL
Translation: He/she likes vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: humma/hinnih / ilijazaat
Glosses: they.3PL like.3MPL/like.3FPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: They like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad /* ilijazaat
Glosses: the-one.MS like.3MS/like.3MPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: Intended.‘People like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad / bisabab Corona
Glosses: the-one.MS struggled.3MS/struggled.3MPL because Corona
Translation: Intended.‘People struggled because of Coronavirus.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *bilʕeed ilwaaħad bihanni/bihannuu baʕd
Glosses: in-the-Eid the-one.MS congratulate.3MS/congratulate.3MPL each-other
Translation: Intended: ‘In Eid (an Islamic holiday), people congratulate each other.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad laazim yiSħa bakkiir
Glosses: the-one.MS must wake-up.3MS early
Translation: People must wake up early.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaħdih lamma tkuun ħaamil , laazim taakul akil Siħħi
Glosses: the-one.FS when be.3FS pregnant.FS must eat.3FS food healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘When one (feminine) is pregnant, she should eat healthy food.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ ] miš lazim niθaQ fiih
Glosses: the-one.MS the-liar.MS NEG must trust.1MPL in-him.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust liars.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[] miš lazim niθaQ fiiha
Glosses: the-one.FS the-liar.FS NEG must trust.1MPL in-her.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust women who lie.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lamma ykuun ilwaaħad , miš lazim niθaQ fiih
Glosses: when be.3MS the-one.MS liar.MS, NEG must trust.1MPL in-him.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust people who lie.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lamma tkuun ilwaħdih , miš lazim niθaQ fiiha
Glosses: when be.3FS the-one.FS liar.FS, NEG must trust.1MPL in-her.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust women who lie.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad  ilmarʔa ilSaadiQa
Glosses: the-one.MS love.3MS the-woman.FS the-honest.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘People love honest women.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaħdih  ilrajul ilSaadiQ
Glosses: the-one.FS love.3FS the-man.MS the-honest.MS
Language: Unknown language
Transcription:  ʕam yiʕaani min siyaasaat ilħukuuma
Glosses: the-one.MS PROG struggle.3MS from policies.FPL the-government.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘People are struggling due to the government’s policies.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʕam yiʕaani  min siyaasaat ilħukuuma
Glosses: PROG struggle.3MS the-one.MS from policies.FPL the-government.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘People are struggling due to the government’s policies.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad injabar yidal bilbeit ʕašaan Corona
Glosses: the-one.MS forced.3MS stay.3MS in-the-house.MS because Corona
Translation: Intended: ‘People were forced to say at home due to Coronavirus.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bi London , ilwaaħad biyiwsal ʕalwagit ʔiða axad ilQitaar
Glosses: in London, the-one.MS arrives.3MS on-the-time if take.3MS the-train.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘In London, people arrive on time if they take the train.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Corona bitzakker ilwaaħad bilmout
Glosses: Corona reminds.3FS the-one.MS of-death.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘Coronavirus reminds one of death.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilħukuuma bidha ilwaaħad yidal bilbeit ʕašaan Corona
Glosses: the-government.FS wants.3FS one.MS stay.3MS in-the-home.MS because Corona
Translation: Intended: ‘The government wants people to stay at home due to Coronavirus.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilšarika bitSalliħ sayyarit ilwaaħad u bitrajjiʕha
Glosses: the-company.FS fixes.3FS car.FS the-one.MS and return-it.3FS
Translation: The company fixes one’s car and returns it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: alkalbu yanbaħu
Glosses: the-dog.MS-NOM bark.3MS
Translation: The dog barks.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: alkilaabu tanbahħu
Glosses: the-dogs.MPL-NOM bark.3FS
Translation: The dogs bark (Dogs bark).’ (Fassi-Fehri 2004:44)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalbun yanbaħu
Glosses: dog.MS-NOM bark.3MS
Translation: A dog is barking.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kilaabun tanbaħu
Glosses: dogs.MPL-NOM bark.3FS
Translation: Dogs are barking.’ (Fassi-Fehri 2004:44)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fii SSahraaʔi  ššaaya lmuħallaa
Glosses: in the-sahara 3-like-PL-INDF the-tea-ACC the-sugared
Translation: In the Sahara, they like sweet tea.’ (Fassi-Fehri 2009:8)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bilurdon kteer  Mansaf
Glosses: in-the-Jordan many eat.3MPL Mansaf
Translation: Intended: ‘People in Jordan eat Mansaf a lot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad ʕaana ktiir bisabab ilħajir
Glosses: the-one.MS struggled.3MS many because the-lockdown.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘People struggled a lot due to the lockdown.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad ʕam yiʕaani ktiir bisabab ilħajir
Glosses: the-one.MS PROG struggle.3MS many because the-lockdown.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘People are struggling a lot due to the lockdown.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔiða kaan ilTaalib ðaki , ʕadatan bikuun faxuur
Glosses: if was.MS the-student.MS smart.MS, usually be.3MS proud.MS
Translation: If the student is smart, he is usually proud.’ (*QVE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔiða kaan ilwaaħad ðaki , ʕadatan bikuun faxuur
Glosses: if was.MS the-one.MS smart.MS, usually be.3MS proud.MS
Translation: If one is smart, he is usually proud.’ (*QVE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fii (*il)walad saʔal ʕannak
Glosses: EXP (the)-boy.MS asked.3MS about-you
Translation: Intended:‘A boy asked about you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *fii ilwaaħad saʔal ʕannak
Glosses: EXP the-one.MS asked.3MS about-you
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone asked about you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilwaaħad u martuh laazim yinaaQšuu mašaakilhum
Glosses: the-one.MS and wife-his must discuss.3MPL problem-their
Translation: Intended: ‘A man and his wife must discuss their problems.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: biguuluu innu iltadxiin mish Siħħi
Glosses: say.3MPL that the-smoking NEG healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘They say that smoking is unhealthy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fii / tawiil/tawiilih saʔal/saʔlat ʕannak imbariħ
Glosses: EXP one.MS/one.FS tall.MS/tall.FS asked.3MS/asked.3FS about-you yesterday
Translation: Lit: ‘Someone tall asked about you yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(il)tuffaħ ɣani bilalyaaf
Glosses: the-apple rich.MS in-the-fibers.FPL
Translation: Apples are rich in fiber.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Naomiwa [Taroga/no kaita] hono yonda .
Glosses: Naomi-Top Taro-Nom/Gen write-Pst book-Acc read-Pst
Translation: Naomi read the book that Taro wrote.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroga/*no hono kaita .
Glosses: Taro-Nom/*Gen book-Acc write-Pst
Translation: Taro wrote a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taroga/*no hono kaite , Naomiga sendensita .
Glosses: Taro-Nom/*Gen book-Acc write-Grd Naomi-Nom advertise-Pst
Translation: Taro wrote a book, and Naomi advertised it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotatiga/*no minnade ikioiyoku kakenobotta kaidan
Glosses: children-Nom/*Gen all-with vigorously run.climb.up-Pst stairway
Translation: the stairway that those children ran up together vigorously’ (Harada 1971; Acceptability judgments are those reported in Harada 1971)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyoo (zyukude) kodomotati{ga | no} naratta rekisiwa Heianzidainituitedatta .
Glosses: today (cram.school-at) children-{Nom | Gen} study-Pst history-Top Heian.period-about-Cop-Pst
Translation: The history that the children studied at a cram school today was about the Heian period.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati{ga | no} kyoo (zyukude) naratta rekisiwa Heianzidainituitedatta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} today (cram.school-at) study-Pst history-Top Heian.period-about-Cop-Pst
Translation: idem
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [kitto Taroga/no yonda] hon
Glosses: probably Taro-Nom/Gen read-Pst book
Translation: the book that Taro read for certain
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [saiwaini Taroga/*no yonda] hon
Glosses: fortunately Taro-Nom/Gen read-Pst book
Translation: the book that Taro fortunately read
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Koozino mattaku siranai] kakudo
Glosses: Koji-Gen at.all know-Neg-Prs angle
Translation: an angle that Koji doesn’t know at all
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ??[kodomotatino minnade kakenobotta] kaidan
Glosses: children-Gen all-with run-climb.up-Pst stairwary
Translation: the stairway which those children ran up together
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bokuno [totemo omosiroi] hanasi
Glosses: I-Gen [very interesting-Prs] story
Translation: a very interesting story of mine
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [bokuno totemo hoshii] kuruma
Glosses: [I-Gen very want-Prs] car
Translation: the car I really want
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bokuno kyonen katta ie
Glosses: I-Gen last.year buy-Pst house
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [bokuno asondeiru] basyo
Glosses: [I-Gen play-Prg-Prs] place
Translation: the place where I’m playing around
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bokuno [asondeiru] inu
Glosses: I-Gen [play-Prg-Prs] inu
Translation: a dog of mine that is playing around
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyoo / jukude / kodomotati{ga | no} / naratta / rekisiwa / Heianzidainituite / datta .
Glosses: today / cram.school-at / children-{Nom | Gen} / learn-Pst / history-Top / Heian.period-about / Cop-Pst
Translation: The history that the children learned at a cram school today was about the Heian period.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati{ga | no} / kyoo / jukude / naratta / rekisiwa / Heianzidainituite / datta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} / today / cram.school-at / learn-Pst / history-Top / Heian.period-about / Cop-Pst
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sibusibu / jukude / kodomotati{ga | no} / naratta / eikaiwawa / ryokoosakide / yakuni / tatta .
Glosses: grudgingly / cram.school-at / children-{Nom | Gen} / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat / rise-Pst
Translation: The conversational English that the children grudgingly learned at a cram school turned out to be useful at the travel destination.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati{ga | no} / sibusibu / jukude / naratta / eikaiwawa / ryokoosakide / yakuni / tatta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} / grudgingly / cram.school-at / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat / rise-Pst
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sensyu / sibusibu / kodomotati{ga | no} / naratta / eikaiwawa / ryokoosakide / yakuni tatta .
Glosses: last.week / grudgingly / children-{Nom | Gen} / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat rise-Pst
Translation: The conversational English that the children grudgingly learned last week turned out to be useful at the travel destination.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati{ga | no} / sensyu / sibusibu / naratta / eikaiwawa / ryokoosakide / yakuni tatta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} / last.week / grudgingly / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat rise-Pst
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: beč’et’irob riha
Glosses: -black goat(B).ABS1
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ɔmmɔ eyaedep ebot
Glosses: they 3-FUT1-3-buy goat
Translation: They will buy a goat.’ (Baker & Willie 2010: 101)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dina išgalæli purærs
Glosses: girl.ABS milk--PRS cow-PL-DAT
Translation: The girl milks cows.’ (Harris 2017:63)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bàkùbírágánírá
Glosses: 3PL-beat--REC--FV
Translation: they beat each other’ (Caballero & Inkelas 2018: 132)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʦardi medɐgɐ berɐ ʧidɐrtɐ jes
Glosses: life-OBL inside many what-IDF-PL exists
Translation: There are many different things in life.’ (from a recorded narrative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: zɐʁɐ=nin de=mbɐlttɐ katɐ (ɐ)nʦɐ woj
Glosses: say-IMP.2SG=DAT.1PL 2SG=friend-PL wh-PL be.PRS.3PL COR.OBL
Translation: Tell us who your friends are.’ Maliti (1995: 216)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: keti
Glosses: who.OBL-PL-OBL
Translation: who.PL.OBL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐmɐti
Glosses: who-ALL-PL-OBL
Translation: who.PL.ALL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐbɐlti
Glosses: who-SUP-PL-OBL
Translation: who.PL.SUP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kedɐrti
Glosses: who.OBL-IDF-PL-OBL
Translation: someone.PL.OBL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐmɐdɐrtɐmɐ/ti
Glosses: who-ALL-IDF-PL-ALL/-PL-OBL
Translation: someone.PL.ALL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐbɐldɐrtɐbɐl/i
Glosses: who-M-SUP-IDF-PL-SUP.OBL
Translation: someone.PL.DAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐmɐjti rakorʣɐnɐ ɐχʦa ?
Glosses: who-ABL-PL-OBL PV-ask.FUT.2SG money
Translation: Who will you borrow money from?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʦɐbɐlti ʁudi kɐni ?
Glosses: what-SUP-PL-OBL thought do.PRS.2SG
Translation: What are you thinking about?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jeskɐmɐnti ɐnχusʁon=dɐr=ma ɐnʦɐ
Glosses: IDF-who-DAT-PL-OBL helpful=EMP=more be.PRS.3PL
Translation: To some, they are even helpful.’ Sk’odtati (2012: 237)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: samel ʦɐbɐldɐrti fɐssaʁɐstɐ kodta
Glosses: Samel what-SUP-IDF-PL-OBL PV-thought-PL do.PST.3SG
Translation: Samel thought about something.’ Maliti (2006: 77)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐmɐdɐrtɐmɐ/kɐmɐdɐrti ɐnʁɐlmɐ kɐsun
Glosses: who-ALL-IDF-PL-ALL /who-ALL-IDF-PL-OBL waiting look.PRS.1SG
Translation: I am waiting for somebody.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur(*mɐ) tikismɐ
Glosses: this big-(ALL) cat-ALL
Translation: to this big cat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur tikistɐ
Glosses: this big cat-PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur(*mɐ) tikistɐmɐ
Glosses: this big cat-PL-ALL
Translation: to these big cats
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: samel ɐ=ʣubanditɐbɐl fɐssaʁɐstɐ kodta
Glosses: Samel 3SG=speech-PL-SUP PV-thought-PL did
Translation: Samel thought about her/his words.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: saxlman iak’obisman
Glosses: house-ERG Jacob-GEN-ERG
Translation: Jacob’s house (erg.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dative kɐmɐndɐrtɐn/ti
Glosses: Allative kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-tɐ-mɐ/t-i
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: véndan=lo vs . véndan=lon or vénda=lon
Glosses: sell.SBJV-3PL=it  sell.SBJV-3PL=it-3PL  sell.SBJV=it-3PL
Translation: You (pl) sell it!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: soslan ʧidɐr/*jeʃti baχʷardta fal nɐ=zonun ʧi
Glosses: Soslan what-IDF/*IDF-what PV-eat.PST.3SG but NEG=I what
Translation: Soslan ate something, but I do not know what.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dɐwmɐ jeʃti uni bɐʃti mɐnmɐ wa
Glosses: you-ALL IDF-what be.INF-OBL instead I-ALL be.SBJV.FUT.3SG
Translation: Instead of anything being yours, let it better be mine.’ (from a recorded narrative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: χʷɐzdɐr ʦardmɐ ɐnʁɐlmɐ kɐsɐm fal=nɐmɐ jeskɐd jeʃti rawadɐj ?
Glosses: better life-ALL waiting look.PRS.1PL but=1PL.ALL IDF-when IDF-what PV-issue.PST.3SG
Translation: We wait for a better life, but have we ever gotten anything? (from a recorded narrative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kumɐ kumɐti kutemɐj kutemɐjti
Glosses: where.to where.to-PL-OBL where.from where.from-PL-OBL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: soslani aʧi ustur bɐχtɐn
Glosses: Soslan-OBL this big horse-PL-DAT
Translation: for these big horses of Soslan’s
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: du=ʃi i kɐʧitɐj dɐ ?
Glosses: you=3PL.ABL DEF which-PL-ABL be.PRS.2SG
Translation: From which of them are you?’ (lit. ‘You, of them, from which ones are?’) Ik’ati 2011: 16
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dɐ=χaχurtɐj fɐsdwarmɐ i kɐʧij fent’uχston ?
Glosses: 2SG=denunciation-PL-ABL outside-ALL DEF which-OBL PV-throw.PST.1SG
Translation: Which of your denunciations did I throw out?’ Ik’ati 2011: 168
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wɐd=wɐbɐl i kɐʧi binʣɐ fɐχχʷɐstɐj ?
Glosses: then=2PL.SUP DEF which fly PV-bite.PST.3SG
Translation: What kind of a fly has bitten you?’ Ik’ati 2011: 48
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ɐd katɐ/ keti ɐrbaʦudtɐ ?
Glosses: with who.NOM-PL who.OBL-PL-OBL PV-arrive.PST.2SG
Translation: With whom (=what people) did you arrive?’ (intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: keti χɐʦʦɐ ɐrbaʦudtɐ ?
Glosses: who.OBL-PL-OBL with PV-arrive.PST.2SG
Translation: With whom (=what people) did you arrive?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: feʁuston berɐ ɐnaχur ʧidɐrtɐ
Glosses: PV-hear.PST.1SG many strange what-IDF-PL
Translation: I heard many strange things.’ Sk’odtati 2012: 192
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dative kɐmɐnti kɐmɐndɐrtɐn/i
Glosses: Allative kɐ-mɐ-t-i kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-tɐ-mɐ/-i
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mɐnmɐ/*ɐz istorikmɐ jew farsta jes
Glosses: I.NNOM-ALL/I.NOM historian-ALL one question exists
Translation: I an historian have a question.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mɐnmɐ istorikmɐ=babɐj=dɐmɐ jew farsta jes
Glosses: I.NNOM-ALL historian-ALL=again=2SG.ALL one question exists
Translation: I an historian again have a question to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *mɐnmɐ=babɐj=dɐmɐ istorikmɐ jew farsta jes
Glosses: I.NNOM-ALL=again=2SG.ALL historian-ALL one question exists
Translation: I an historian again have a question to you.’ (intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wie läuft das hier mit dem Duzen/*Dirzen eigentlich ?
Glosses: how goes it here with DEF.DAT you.NOM-V-NMZ/*you-DAT-V-NMZ properly
Translation: How does it work here with addressing people by ‘Du’?’19
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dative (jes)kɐmɐnti kɐmɐndɐrti (/tɐn)
Glosses: Allative (jes)-kɐ-mɐ-t-i kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-t-i (/-tɐ-mɐ)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *kɐmɐntɐn vs . badɐntɐn
Glosses: who-DAT-PL-DAT  stool-PL-DAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *kɐmɐjtɐj vs . zɐjtɐj
Glosses: who-ABL-PL-ABL  avalanche-PL-ABL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kim kimle kimden kimleden
Glosses: who.NOM who-PL who-ABL who-PL-ABL
Language: Georgian
Transcription: ra raebi ram raebma
Glosses: what.ABS what-PL-ABS what-ERG what-PL-ERG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fi fip:ur fit:i fip:uri
Glosses: what.ABS what-PL.ABS what-ERG what-PL-ERG
Language: Finnish
Transcription: kuka ketkä ketä keitä
Glosses: who.NOM who-PL-NOM who-PART who-PL-PART
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: <soslani> aʧi <*soslani> ustur bɐχɐn
Glosses: Soslan-OBL this Soslan-OBL big horse-DAT
Translation: for this big horse of Soslan’s
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bɐχtɐ=dɐr / *bɐχ=dɐrtɐ bɐχtɐbɐl=dɐr /*bɐχ=dɐrtɐbɐl
Glosses: horse-PL=EMP *horse=EMP-PL horse-PL-SUP=EMP *horse=EMP-PL-SUP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C’est incroyable qu’estce qu’ il a pas pu faire pour le retrouver !
Glosses: it’s incredible what he has negₓ could do to him.find
Translation: It’s incredible what he could do to find him!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C ’est incroyable [qu’estce qu’ il a pas pu faire pour le retrouver] ! (=4c)
Glosses: It’s incredible what he has negₓ could do to him.find 
Translation: It’s incredible what he could do to find him!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Il a tellement souffert . Tout ce qu’ il a pas souffert comme mauvais traitements , celuilà , tu peux pas imaginer .
Glosses: he has so.much suffered . Everything that he has negₓ suffered as ill treatments, that one, you can not imagine . 
Translation: He suffered so much. Everything that he has suffered in terms of abuse, you cannot imagine.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tout ce qu’ il m’ a pas donné comme soucis , celuilà , je te dis pas .
Glosses: everything that he me.has negₓ given as worries this.one I you.tell not
Translation: Everything that he gave me in terms of worries, this one, I can’t tell you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: J’aime *(pas) du tout ce livrelà . (G&R ex . 8a)
Glosses: I.like *(not) at all that book.DEM 
Translation: I don’t like that book at all.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Meilleur livre que celuilà], je pense pas que tu pourras trouver _ .
Glosses: better book than that.one I think not that you can.fut find
Translation: A better book than that one, I don’t think that you will be able to find.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C’est incroyable qu’estce qu’ il a pas pu faire pour le retrouver ! (=4c , 18)
Glosses: it’s incredible what  he has negₓ could do to him.find 
Translation: It’s incredible what he could do to find him!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Que n’atil pas fait pour le retrouver !
Glosses: what didn’t.he  do to him.find
Translation: What didn’t he do to find him!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Qu’estce qu’ on ne peut pas faire avec un citron !
Glosses: What one ne can not do with a lemon ! 
Translation: What can’t one do with a lemon!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *J’ai tout mangé qu’estce qu’ il y avait pas sur mon assiette . (Kemp ex . 109)
Glosses: I.have all eaten what there.was negₓ on my plate 
Translation: I ate everything there was on my plate
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Qu’estce qu’il ne faut pas entendre ! (Larousse dictionary online , entry entendre)
Glosses: What it need neg hear = ‘The things that you have to hear!’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Que n’estil pas plus intelligent !
Glosses: Excl is he neg more intelligent ! = ‘I wish he would be more intelligent!’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Qu’estce qu’il a pas grandi !
Glosses: Excl he has neg grown = How much he has grown ! (non-standard, Anne Zribi-Hertz, p.c.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Comme nous aimons les amis qui viennent de nous quitter , n’estce pas
Glosses: How we love-1pl the-pl friends that just  us left isn’t-this not
Translation: How we love our friends who have just died, isn’t that so? Abeillé & Godard 2021: §86
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iki χośəm jiŋk juχi ki λɛs ], wɛrλaλ iśipa jămət .
Glosses:  Old man fish water PREV if eat-PST  affair-PL-POSS.3SG maybe good-PL
Translation: If the old man has eaten the fish soup, he seems be doing well.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iki χośəm jiŋk juχi λɛs ki ], wɛrλaλ iśipa jămət .
Glosses:  Old man fish water PREV eat-PST if affair-PL-POSS.3SG maybe good-PL
Translation: If the old man has eaten the fish soup, he seems be doing well.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [Pirəś iki] ki χośəm jiŋk juχi λɛs ], wɛrλaλ iśipa jăməλ .
Glosses:  Old man if fish water PREV eat-PST  affair-PL-POSS.3SG maybe fix-NPST
Translation: As for the old man, if he has eaten the soup, he seems be doing better.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iken [χośəm jiŋkəλ] ki juχi λɛs ], ma mojɛm joχtɛm λitəp jiŋken λapətλəλλɛm
Glosses:  Old man-POSS.2SG fish water-POSS.3SG if PREV eat-PST  I guest-POSS.1SG man-PL-POSS.1SG caviar water-POSS.2SG feed-NPST-1SG>SG
Translation: If the old man has eaten the fish soup, I will feed my guests with the caviar soup.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Puχen sora ki owəλ lăp pɛntəs ], iśipa pɛλna jana jis .
Glosses:  son-POSS.2SG fast if door-POSSP.3SG PREV close-PST  maybe mosquito really become-PST
Translation: If the son started to close the door fast, then it should be a lot of mosquitoes outside.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ (*ki) ńăχχətəλ (ki) ], muχti weλλa pa ńeλλa
Glosses:  If laugh-NPST if  straight_away kill-NPST-PASS and devour-NPST-PASS
Translation: If she laughs, she will be killed and devoured straight away.’ [double-checked from Western Khanty Corpus]2
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Puχen owəλ lăp ki pɛntəs ], išəkti mosəλ .
Glosses:  Son-POSS.2SG door-POSS.3SG PREV if close-PST  praise-NFIN.NPST necessary
Translation: If the son has closed the door tight, he should be praised.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Wɵntər (ki) sora wɵn sort nuχ (ki) taλ ], pɵkatńija iśipa jiλ . [ Worš (ki) wɵn sort nuχ (ki) taλ ], xătəλ λɵrijəλ .
Glosses:  otter if fast big pike PREV if drag-[NPST]  bad_weather-DAT maybe become-NPST  Eagle if big pike PREV if drag-[NPST]  sun ring-NPST
Translation: It an OTTER has caught a/the big pike, there will be a bad weather. If an EAGLE has caught a/the big pike, there will be a sunny weather.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: – χotɛm jɵrən nuχ wusi . – [ Wuχsaren (ki) jɵrən nuχ (*ki) wusλe ], in imuχ kim  ńɵχλəλɛmən . [ Pᵾpi puχen (ki) jɵrən nuχ (*ki) wusλe ], ńotti ănt armatλəm .
Glosses: house-POSS.1SG by_force PREV take-PST-PASS fox-POSS.2SG if by_force PREV if take-PST-3SG>SG  now at_once PREV  kick_out-NPST-1DU>SG  bear son-POSS.2SG if by_force PREV if take-PST-3SG>SG  help-NFIN.NPST NEG be_able-NPST-1SG
Translation: (– What happend with your house?) – My house was taken by force. – If the FOX has taken it by force, we kick him out now. If the BEAR has taken it by force, I cannot help.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iki *ki [EMPH χośəm jiŋkəλ] juχi λɛs ], ma mojɛm joχtɛm λitəp jiŋken  λapətλəλɛm
Glosses:  Old man if  fish water-POSS.3SG PREV eat-PST  I guest-POSS.1SG man-PL-POSS.1SG caviar water-POSS.2SG  feed-NPST-1SG>SG
Translation: If the old man has eaten the FISH SOUP, I will feed my guests with the CAVIAR SOUP.’5
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ χăλewət (ki) ńăwrɛmət (*ki) aškolaja mănλət ], tamχatəλ sirišɛk iλ at uλλət .
Glosses:  tomorrow if child-PL if school-DAT go-NPST-3PL  today early-ATT PREV OPT sleep-NPST-3PL
Translation: If children go to school TOMORROW, let them go to bed a bit earlier today.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kat’ew sora kim ki nawrməs , owen ăλ pɛnta .
Glosses: cat-POSS.1PL fast PREV if jump-PST door-POSS.2SG PROH close-IMP.SG>SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Ampew (ki) sora (*ki) kim (ki) nawrməs ], owen lăp pλnta .
Glosses:  dog-POSS.1PL if fast if PREV if jump-PST  door-POSS.2SG PREV close-IMP.SG>SG
Translation: If our cat has quickly jumped outside, don’t close the door. (It will come back soon.) If our DOG has quickly jumped outside, close the door tight. (It will be away all night.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ewəλ λitəp ijŋk χošməti ănt χotəλ . [ Imiλeŋken (ki) λitəp jiŋk (*ki) nik (ki) χošməλsəλλe ], śirən ɛpλəŋ pitəλ .
Glosses: Daughter-POSS.3SG caviar water warm-NFIN.NPST NEG can-NPST  woman-DIM-POSS.2SG if caviar water if PREV if warm-PST-3SG>SG  then tasty become-NPST
Translation: DAUGHTER cannot warm a caviar soup. If the LITTLE WOMAN warms the caviar soup, it will be tasty.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Imiλeŋken λitəp jiŋkəλ nik (ki) χošməλsəλλe (ki) ], χujtəw λawəλλəw , λɛλəw , jămtλəw
Glosses:  woman-DIM-POSS.2SG caviar water-POSS.3SG PREV if warm-PST-3SG>SG if  who-DAT wait-NPST-1PL eat-NPST-1PL get_better-NPST-1PL
Translation: If the woman has WARMED the soup, what are we waiting for, let’s eat, it’ll be good.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Imiλeŋken χošəm jiŋk jukana λitəp jiŋk (ki) nik (ki) χošməλsəλλe (*ki) ], jăm śi λɵλən wɵs . Ma χošəm jiŋk λɛti ăn λăηχaλəm
Glosses:  woman-DIM-POSS.2SG fish water instead caviar water if PREV if warm-PST-3SG>SG if  good FOC let_PTCL be-PST I fish water eat-NFIN.NPST NEG want-NPST-1SG
Translation: If the woman has warmed CAVIAR SOUP, instead of FISH SOUP, it is good. I don’t want to eat fish soup.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (*ki) ńăχχətəλ (ki) (muχti weλλa pa ńeλλa).
Glosses:  laugh-NPST if straight_away kill-NPST-PASS and devour-NPST-PASS
Translation: If she laughs, she will be killed and devoured straight away.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tᵾm moləpśen wᵾje . [ Tăm (*ki) moləpśen (ki) λɵmatλən ], potλajən .
Glosses: That fur_coat-POSS.2SG take-IMP  this if fur_coat-POSS.2SG if put_on-NPST-2SG  get_cold-NPST-PASS-2SG
Translation: Take THAT coat. If you take THIS coat, you’ll get cold.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Jajum [λoχsəλ (*ki) piλa] (ki) χuλpɛλa măns ], iśipa wɵnta măns .
Glosses:  Big_brother-POSS.1SG friend-POSS.3SG if with if somewhere go-PST  probably forest-DAT go-PST
Translation: If my brother has gone somewhere with HIS FRIEND, then they must have gone to the woods. (But if he went with the FATHER, they should have gone to the city.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [DP Aśen ki λoχsət] juχətλət ], owəλ nuχ pᵾnše .
Glosses:  father-POSS.2SG if friend-PL come-NPST-3PL  door-POSS.3SG PREV open-IMP
Translation: If there come FATHER’S friends, open the door. (If UNCLE’S friends come, call him.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [DP Karti ki jintəp] tăχəməλən ], sɛmət at oλ .
Glosses:  iron if needle trow-NPST-2SG  eye-PL let lie-NPST
Translation: If you throw an IRON needle (and not a needle made of bone), make it be visible
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [DP Pirəś iki] ki juχətλ ], owəλ nuχ pᵾnše . [ [DP Aiλat ki iki] juχətλ ], owəλ  nuχ ăλ pᵾnše pa χosλa omsa .
Glosses:  old man if come-NPST  door-POSS.3SG PREV open-IMP  young if man come-NPST  door-POSS.3SG  PREV PROH open-IMP ADD quiet sit-IMP
Translation: If an OLD man comes, open the door. If a YOUNG man comes, don’t open the door and sit quiet.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [DP Wet ( sorńi wuχ] (ki) maλən ], naŋti ɛsλəmtλɛm .
Glosses:  5 if gold money if give-NPST-2SG  you-ACC let_go-NPST-1SG>SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [DP Jaŋ ( sorńi wuχ] (ki) maλən ], naŋti ɛsλəmtλɛm pa λowen maλəm
Glosses:  10 if gold money if give-NPST-2SG  you-ACC let_go-NPST-1SG>SG ADD horse-POSS.2SG give-NPST-1SG
Translation: If you give me FIVE golden coins, I’ll let you go. If you give me TEN golden coins, I’ll let you go and give you a horse.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [Karti ki] ɛwijen [DP t jintəp] iλ pawertəs ], magnitən kănše .
Glosses:  iron if daughter-POSS.2SG   needle PREV drop-PAT  magnet-LOC search-IMP.SG.SG
Translation: If the girl has dropped the IRON needle, search for it with a magnet.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ ɛwijen [DP [karti ki] jintəp] iλ pawertəs ]…
Glosses:  daughter-POSS.2SG  iron if needle PREV drop-PAT 
Translation: If the girl has dropped the IRON needle…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ ɛwijen (*karti ki) năŋena [DP (karti ki) jintəp] tɵλ ], tašəŋa jiλən .
Glosses:  daughter-POSS.2SG iron if you-DAT  iron if needle bring-NPST  rich-ADV become-NPST-2SG
Translation: If the girl brings you an IRON needle, you will be rich.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Aj puχen aŋki aśi kasλəptijλλəŋən tumet χuśa wanašək
Glosses: small boy-POSS.2SG mother father wander-CAUS-IPFV-NPST-3DU that-PL to near-ADV-CMPR
Translation: This boy’s parents wander towards that ones.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: /*Juχi wɵn sorten săməλ t λɛsλe
Glosses: PREV big pike-POSS.2SG heart-POSS.3SG  eat-PST-3SG>SG
Translation: The big pike ate the/his heart.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *In imileŋken nik λitəp jiŋk(eλ) t xošməλsəλλe
Glosses: now woman-DIM-POSS.2SG PREV caviar water(-POSS.3SG)  warm-PST-3SG>SG
Translation: Intend.: Now the woman has warmed (up) the caviar soup.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *In imileŋken λitəp jiŋk(eλ) nik sora t xošməλsəλλe
Glosses: Now woman-DIM-POSS.2SG caviar water(-POSS.3SG) PREV fast  warm-PST-3SG>SG
Translation: Intend.: Now the woman has fast warmed the caviar soup.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mᵾŋ nuχ ănt śi amătsəw .
Glosses: we PREV NEG FOC get_happy-PST-1PL
Translation: We were not happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In imileŋken λitəp jiŋk(eλ) (aλpa) nik (aλpa) χošməλsəλλe .
Glosses: now woman-DIM-POSS.2SG caviar water(-POSS.3SG) probably PREV probably warm-PST-3SG>SG
Translation: Now the woman has probably warmed the caviar soup.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Tuχλɛm nuχ ki ănt wɛrλən ], ma năŋti śi artən tuχəλən ănt toλɛm .
Glosses:  wing-POSS.1SG PREV if NEG do-NPST-2SG  I you-ACC this time-LOC wing-LOC NEG bring-NPST-1SG>SG
Translation: If you don’t heal my wing, I will not bring you on my wings now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Tuχλɛm nuχ ănt ki wɛrλən ]…
Glosses:  wing-POSS.1SG PREV if NEG do-NPST-2SG 
Translation: If you only do NOT heal my wing …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iki [DP χośəm jiŋkəλ] ki [ juχi ] λɛs ]…
Glosses:  Old man  fish water-POSS.3SG if  PREV  eat-PST 
Translation: If the old man has eaten the FISH SOUP…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ Pirəś iki sora [DP χośəm jiŋkəλ] ki juχi λɛs ]…
Glosses:  Old man fast  fish water-POSS.3SG if PREV eat-PST 
Translation: If the old man has eaten the FISH SOUP…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iki [DP χośəm jiŋkəλ] ki sora t juχi λɛs ]…
Glosses:  Old man  fish water-POSS.3SG if fast  PREV eat-PST 
Translation: If the old man has eaten the FISH SOUP…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Pirəś iken χośəm jiŋkəλ ki juχi λɛs ], ma mojɛm joχtɛm λitəp jiŋken λapətλəλλɛm
Glosses:  Old man-POSS.2SG fish water-POSS.3SG if PREV eat-PST  I guest-POSS.1SG man-PL-POSS.1SG(-DAT) caviar water-POSS.2SG feed-NPST-1SG>SG
Translation: (Yesterday, I made fish soup and caviar soup.) If the old man has eaten the FISH SOUP, I will feed my guests with the CAVIAR SOUP.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ ɛwijen [DP [karti] =ki tɵp [t jintəp]] iλ pawertəs ]…
Glosses:  daughter-POSS.2SG  iron if only  needle PREV drop-PAT 
Translation: If the girl has dropped only the IRON needle…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ ɛwijen [karti (*tɵp) ki jintəp] iλ pawertəs ]…
Glosses:  daughter-POSS.2SG iron only if needle PREV drop-PAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Pirəś muλχatəλ t iki juχtəs
Glosses: old yesterday  man come-PST
Translation: Intend.: ‘Yesterday an/the OLD man came.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Karti (ki) sora jintəp tăχəməsn .
Glosses: iron if fast needle throw-PST-2SG
Translation: Intend.: ‘If you throw an/the IRON needle fast…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Puχɛm χošəm ńań (ki) juχi (ki) λɛλ ]…
Glosses:  son-POSS.1SG fish bread if PREV if eat-NPST 
Translation: If my son eats a/the FISH PIE…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [pro [ <pro> turn t] ki λɛλət] tur χăriλaλ pa sɵλλaλ isa kăλija wańśλajət
Glosses:  grass if eat-NPST-3PL throat place-PL-POSS.3PL and intestine-PL-POSS.3PL completely blood-DAT cut-NPST-PASS-3PL
Translation: If they (reindeer) est grass, they cut throat and stomach till these bleed.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Wɵnter (ki) wɵn sort nuχ (ki) taλəs ]…
Glosses:  Otter if big pike PREV if drag-PST 
Translation: If the OTTER has caught a big pike…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Tuχλɛm nuχ ki ănt wɛrλən ]…
Glosses:  wing-POSS.1SG PREV if NEG do-NPST-2SG 
Translation: If you don’t heal my wing…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Tuχλɛm nuχ  ki wɛrλən ]…
Glosses:  wing-POSS.1SG PREV NEG if do-NPST-2SG 
Translation: If you only do NOT heal my wing …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ampəm śi murt numsəŋ wɵs . [ [Pa χujat wᵾλet pant] ki  mutšəs ], ănt χurtəs . [ [DP [ [Mᵾŋ] ki wᵾλijew] pant] mutšəs ], χujat woxs .
Glosses: Dog-POSS.1SG FOC extent smart be-PST  ADD person reindeer-PL trail if  notice-PST  NEG bark-PST  1PL if reindeer-POSS.1PL trail notice-PST  someone call-PST
Translation: My dog was so smart. If it noticed a trail of someone else’s reindeer, it didn’t bark. If it noticed trail of OUR reindeer, it called someone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [[[Pa χujat] (ki) wᵾλet] (ki) pant] (ki) mutšəs ]…
Glosses:  ADD person if reindeer-PL if trail if notice-PST 
Translation: If it sees trail of someone’s reindeer…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [[[Mᵾŋ] (ki) wᵾλijew] (ki) pant] (ki) mutšəs ]…
Glosses:  1PL if reindeer-POSS.1PL if trail if notice-PST 
Translation: If it sees trail of our reindeer…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ pro [DP [ [Mᵾŋ] ki wᵾλijew] pant] mutšəs ]…
Glosses:  1PL if reindeer-POSS.1PL trail notice-PST 
Translation: If it (dog) notices a trail of OUR reindeer…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ pro [DP [ [Mᵾŋ] (ki) wᵾλijew] (ki) pant] (ki) mutšəs ]…
Glosses:  1PL if reindeer-POSS.1PL if trail if notice-PST 
Translation: If it (dog) notices a trail of OUR reindeer…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Puχen sora ki owəλ lăp pɛntəs ]…
Glosses:  son-POSS.2SG fast if door-POSS.3SG PREV close-PST 
Translation: If the son started to close the door FAST…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [Pirəś iken] [χośəm jiŋkəλ] ki [vP t juχi t] λɛs ]…
Glosses:  Old man-POSS.2SG fish water-POSS.3SG if   PREV  eat-PST 
Translation: If the old man has eaten the fish soup, (I will feed my guests with the caviar soup).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Aiλat ki iki juχətλ ], owəλ nuχ ăλ pᵾnše pa χosλa omsa .
Glosses:  young if man come-NPST  door-POSS.3SG PREV PROH open-IMP ADD quiet sit-IMP
Translation: If a YOUNG man comes, don’t open the door and sit quiet.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ ɛwijen [DP [karti] =ki jintəp] iλ pawertəs ]…
Glosses:  daughter-POSS.2SG  iron if needle PREV drop-PST 
Translation: If the girl has dropped the IRON needle…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: muχti weλλa pa ńeλλa , [(*ki) ńăχχǝtǝλ (ki) ]
Glosses: straight_away kill-NPST-PASS and devour-NPST-PASS if laugh-NPST if
Translation: If she laughs, she will be killed and devoured straight away.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Karti (ki) sora jintǝp tăχǝmǝsn .
Glosses: iron if fast needle throw-PST-2SG
Translation: Intend.: ‘If you throw an/the IRON needle fast…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Aškolajǝλ jăša pa rɵpits , wɛtkɛm oλ aλpa
Glosses: School-POSS.3SG a_bit ADD work-PST five year probably
Translation: The school worked a bit longer, probably five years.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aλpa jăša tărməλ
Glosses: probably a_bit fill-NPST
Translation: Probably, it will be enough for now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Piλt kɵrtew xɵλəm pɛlək sa towijən isa jiŋk śi
Glosses: mist_net village-POSS.1PL three side PTCL spring-LOC entirely water FOC
Translation: In spring, everything on the three sides, where is the encampment with mist nets, is covered with water.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *śi aλəŋ wɛt mɛwti weλtsəw .
Glosses: FOC in_the_morning five crucian catch-PST-1PL
Translation: Intend: ‘FOC In the morning we’ve caught five crucians.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: at kwoss kwon kwāluŋkwe rōwi…                         (=(10) Sipőcz 2015: p .196)
Glosses: NEG although out go-INF may-3SG
Translation: Even though he is not allowed to go out…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ta huale yifu hua , keshi mei huawan .
Glosses: he draw-LE one-CL picture but not draw-finish . 
Translation: He drew a picture, but he didn’t finish drawing it.’ (Mandarin: Soh & Kuo 2005)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mayane biskuTko khaayaa par use puuraa nahiin khaayaa .
Glosses: Maya-ERG cookie-ACC eat-PFV but it-ACC full not eat-PERF
Translation: Maya ate a cookie, but not completely.’ (Hindi: Arunachalam & Kothari 2011)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mammama a cuotto bbuonə .
Glosses: mum-my has cooked well
Translation: My mum cooked well.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Johnga nanio kaimasita ka .
Glosses: John.NOM what.ACC bought.polite Q
Translation: What did John buy?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Darega kuru ndai ↑
Glosses: who.NOM come Q
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Darega kuru ↑
Glosses: who.NOM come 
Translation: Who will come?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Çfarë përmban arti [ që e⸗ krijoni ju ]?
Glosses: what:ACC contain:PRS.1s art-the:NOM.SG REL it:ACC create:PRS.2s you:NOM
Translation: What does the art which you create contain?” (after Matić 2003b: 316)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Meeli hi’nipe (qetu) himeeq’is ‘atoc [Johnnimkin’ix’ ‘atoc]
Glosses: Mary.NOM 3SUBJ-buy-TAM more big car John-GEN-from car
Translation: Mary bought a bigger car than John’s car.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Meeli hi’nipe (qetu) himeeq’is ‘atoc [Johnkin’ix’]
Glosses: Mary.NOM 3SUBJ-buy-TAM more big car John-from
Translation: Rejected as: ‘Mary bought a bigger car than John did.’ (Deal & Hohaus 2019, (23), (24), (26))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tyi yajli [iplato [its’in’ ajMaria]].
Glosses: PRFV fall-ITV A3-plate A3-dog CL-Maria
Translation: Maria’s dog’s plate fell.’ (Coon 2009: 168, ex. (5))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: san*(nin)no gakusei
Glosses: 3-CL-no student
Translation: three students
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: san*(bon)no biiru
Glosses: 3-CL-no beer
Translation: three bottles of beer
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: {*Ken / Gakusei}ga kinoo sorezore hono nisatsu katta .
Glosses: {Ken / student}-NOM yesterday each book-ACC 2-CL buy-PAST
Translation: {Ken / The students} each bought two books yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sanninno gakuseiga hono yonda . (PRENOMINAL)
Glosses: 3-CL-no student-NOM book-ACC read-PAST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gakusei sanninga hono yonda . (POSTNOMINAL)
Glosses: Student 3-CL-NOM book-ACC read-PAST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gakuseiga sannin hono yonda . (FLOATING)
Glosses: Student-NOM 3-CL book-ACC read-PAST 
Translation: Three students read a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: gohyakukiroguramuno uma
Glosses: 5-100-CL-no horse
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: uma gohyakukiroguramu
Glosses: horse 5-100-CL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nijuugokiroguramuno biiru
Glosses: 2-10-5-CL-no beer
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: biiru nijuugokiroguramu
Glosses: beer 3-CL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wainsanrittoru (Monotonic)
Glosses: wine-3-CL 
Translation: three litres of wine
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *aburagojuudo (Nonmonotonic)
Glosses: oil-50-CL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sanrittoruno wain (Monotonic)
Glosses: 3-CL-no wine 
Translation: three litres of wine
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: gojuudono abura (Nonmonotonic)
Glosses: 50-CL-no oil
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nikiroguramuno ringo
Glosses: 2-CL-no apple
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ringo nikiroguramu
Glosses: apple 2-CL