lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: nji2 kã1 tśja1 wjɨ2 dzjo1 mo2 ?
Glosses: 2SG.HON sugar cane PERF eat Q
Translation: Do you eat sugar cane?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan
Transcription: ɐ-sə-kə ?
Glosses: Q-sour-MIR
Translation: Is it sour?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan
Transcription: tsʰo(-sɐ) gomo tʃʰatsə ndərə ?
Glosses: 2SG(-DAT) money how.much EX
Translation: How much money do you have?’ (: 826)
Language: Baima
Transcription: tɕho13ko53 ŋge13re35 e53-ndʑi53 i53 ?
Glosses: 2PL PN Q-go ?PROGR
Translation: Are you going to Baima?
Language: Baima
Transcription: tɕhø53 su341 re13 ?
Glosses: 2SG who COP
Translation: Who are you?’ (: 131, 126)
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: mə1 ˑjij1 ɣu1 ˑja-tɕhjɨ1-dju1 ?
Glosses: sky GEN head Q-?POT-have
Translation: Does the sky have a head?
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: thjij2sjo2 thjj2 dzjwo2 tjịj1 ˑjij1 rjur1ˑar2 mjj1 njwi2 ˑjj2 ?
Glosses: why this person alone ACC restrain NEG can COMP
Translation: Why can’t you restrain this person alone?
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: nɐȷiʔ nɐ-lŋaʔ ə́-toʔ ?
Glosses: 2SG 2SG.POSS-child Q-exist
Translation: Do you have children?’ (: 498)
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: no tʃha wutə ə-tə-mut-w ?
Glosses: 2SG tea this Q-2-drink-2SG
Translation: Will you drink this tea?
Language: Guiqiong
Transcription: zo gutɕhiɐŋ ɛ-dʐi ?
Glosses: 3SG PN Q-COP
Translation: Is he a Guiqiong?’ (: 304)
Language: Middle Old Tibetan
Transcription: tɕʰo xabda ə-sʰoŋ ?
Glosses: 2SG deer.chase Q-go.COM
Language: Middle Old Tibetan
Transcription: martsɔ hətsʰo-lə rdʒəvɯa χtsə-ve ə-́ɣ́ɔ́?́
Glosses: originally 2PL.family-DAT louse one-except Q-COP
Translation: So there was just one single ‘louse’ in your home?’ (: 125)
Language: Min Dong Chinese
Transcription: [ni ke-xiang .xin]
Glosses: 2SG Q-believe
Translation: Do you believe (that)?’ (: 12)
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: põHpõL aH=ʒeL ?
Glosses: uncle Q=EX.AN
Translation: Is Uncle home?
Language: Qiangic
Transcription: tʃʰeL dzɨH=aL=ʃoL ?
Glosses: meal eat=Q=OPT
Translation: Will (you) have a meal?’ (: 209)
Language: Mandarin Chinese
Transcription: zhè tiáo hé duō/hǎo kuān ?
Glosses: this CLF river how broad
Translation: How broad is this river?
Language: Amdo Tibetan
Transcription: cʰo kaŋ=ne joŋ=ne ?
Glosses: 2SG where=ABL come=AUX
Translation: Where are you from?
Language: Amdo Tibetan
Transcription: tɕʰo kaŋ=ngə ʁi=le ?
Glosses: 2SG where=GEN come=AUX
Translation: Where are you from?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: nuŋartyn moty-va vaa-re-Ø .
Glosses: 3PL elk-ACC kill-NON.FUT-(3PL)
Translation: They killed the elk./Did they kill the elk?’ (: 4f.)
Language: Evenki
Transcription: si ulle-ve d’ep-che-s=ku ?
Glosses: 2SG meat-ACC eat-PST-2SG=Q
Translation: Have you eaten the meat?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: si ulle-ve=gu d’ep-che-s ?
Glosses: 2SG meat-ACC=Q eat-PST-2SG
Translation: Did you eat meat/the meat?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: tar asatkan soŋo-d’oro-n=ŋu , in’ekte-d’ere-n=ŋu ?
Glosses: that girl cry-PRS-3SG=Q laugh-PRS-3SG=Q
Translation: Is that girl crying or laughing?’ (: 136, 7)
Language: Evenki
Transcription: eme-d’e-n=ŋu e .le ta .r asi , e-te-n=ŋu ?
Glosses: come-FUT-3SG-Q here that woman NEG-FUT-3SG-Q
Translation: I wonder if that woman will come here or not.
Language: Evenki
Transcription: ekun-duk eme-che-s ?
Glosses: what-ABL come-PST-2SG
Translation: Where did you come from?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: si [er dukuvun-ma] ga-cha-s ?
Glosses: 2SG this book-ACC buy-PST-2SG
Translation: Did you buy this book?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: [er dukuvun-ma] si ga-cha-s ?
Glosses: this book-ACC 2SG buy-PST-2SG
Translation: Did you buy this book?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: kilivliil , saa-ra-s ee-ra-s=kuu ?
Glosses: girl know-AOR-2PL NEG-AOR-2PL=Q
Translation: Girls, have you noticed?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: ile-ve=guu e-chee-s xenu-re ?
Glosses: man-ACC=Q NEG-PST-2SG notice-CN
Translation: Haven’t you noticed the man?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: ŋene-ŋeet-y-vun=ŋuu e-ŋeet-y-vun=ŋuu ?
Glosses: go-DEB-E-1PL.EX=Q NEG-DEB-E-1PL.EX=Q
Translation: Should we go or not?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: eedaa ekeendeek-lee-vun eme-nni ?
Glosses: why dancing.place-LOC-1PL.EX.POSS come-2SG
Translation: Why have you come to our dancing place?’ (: 64, 72, 19, 12)
Language: Evenki
Transcription: ta .r-gachiin beje-ŋelii kuxii-ŋeet-y-c=too ?
Glosses: that-EVAL man-COM fight-DEB-E-2SG=Q
Translation: You are supposed to fight with such a man?’ (: 19)
Language: Evenki
Transcription: aya bi-si-ndi=gv ?
Glosses: good be-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Are you well?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: e .r-si nii bei ?
Glosses: this-2SG.POSS who Q
Translation: Who is this (one of yours)?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: sii nii bi-si-ndi ?
Glosses: 2SG who be-PRS-2SG
Translation: Who are you?
Language: Evenki
Transcription: murin=li , vkvr=li ?
Glosses: horse=Q cow=Q
Translation: (Is it) a horse or a cow?’ (: 95f.)
Language: Even
Transcription: i-d’i-m=gu ?
Glosses: enter-FUT-1SG=Q
Translation: Shall I come in?
Language: Even
Transcription: tiniv=gu em-ri-n ?
Glosses: yesterday=Q come-PST-3SG
Translation: Did he come yesterday?’ (Andrej Malchukov p.c. 2013)
Language: Even
Transcription: uliki-w=gu bu-ri-s , hulica-m=gu ?
Glosses: squirrel-ACC=Q give-PST-2SG fox-ACC=Q
Translation: Did you give (him/her) a squirrel or a fox?
Language: Even
Transcription: etiken i-le hör-re-n ?
Glosses: old.man which-ALL go-NON.FUT-3SG
Translation: Where has the old man gone?
Language: Even
Transcription: ta .wa .r iɛ .k bi-d’i-n ?
Glosses: that what COP-FUT-3SG
Translation: What is it?’ (said in riddles)
Language: Even
Transcription: oldo-ɯ oldo-mi-s=gɯ ?
Glosses: fish-ACC fish-V-2SG=Q
Translation: Do you catch fish?’ (: 30, 28, simplified)
Language: Even
Transcription: kosci-de-ku ?
Glosses: fetch-FUT.IMP-1SG
Translation: Shall I fetch (the reindeer)?
Language: Even
Transcription: adʒịt=ta , ta-la ịh-ha-p e-he-p ?
Glosses: truth=?and that-ALL arrive-NFUT-1PL NEG-NFUT-1PL
Translation: And indeed, we have arrived there, haven’t we?’ (: 171)
Language: Even
Transcription: hii=kke e-he-ndi e .re .k kụŋaa-w čọrda-ndị ?
Glosses: 2SG=CONTR NEG-NFUT-2SG this child-ACC beat-2SG
Translation: You beat up this child, didn’t you?’ (: 172)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: tari naan nammu-ŋi bəi=ŋee ?
Glosses: 3SG also PN-GEN man=Q
Translation: Is (s)he also from Nanmu?
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: miin əgdi nin .ut=ŋee unaadʒi=ŋee ?
Glosses: SUPERL old boy=Q girl=Q
Translation: Is your oldest (child) a boy or a girl?’ (: 141, 152)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: ɔlɔ-jɔ pi-xi-n=Ni ?
Glosses: fish-PART COP-PRS-3SG=Q
Translation: Is there any fish?’ (: 307)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: ʃii ɪkʊn dʒaalɪn ə .ləə əmə-tʃə-j ?
Glosses: 2SG what reason here come-PST-2SG
Translation: Why did you come here?’ (: 148)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: tari jabʊ-tʃaa=oo ?
Glosses: 3SG go-PST=Q
Translation: Is (s)he going?’ (: 157)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: əri bajta tədʒəə jooməə , olook jooməə ?
Glosses: this matter real Q false Q
Translation: Is this matter true or false?
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: əri bəjə ʊnaadʒɪ-tʃi jɔɔmaa .gʊʊ , utə-tʃi jooməə .guu ?
Glosses: this person girl-POSS Q boy-POSS Q
Translation: Does he (this man) have a girl or a boy?’ (: 158)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: əri mʊrin aja mʊrin baa ?
Glosses: this horse good horse Q
Translation: This horse is a good one, right?’ (: 157)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: yabu-ʃa haʃi yə-ʃa ?
Glosses: walk-PST or what-PST
Translation: Did you go or what?’ (: 56)
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: nɔɔnin tɔrɔki=jɔ waa-tɕa aaki gujtɕən=jə ?
Glosses: 3SG boar=Q kill-PST or roe.deer=Q
Translation: Did (s)he kill a boar or a roe deer?
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: ɕii i .rə ŋənə-ni=jE ?
Glosses: 2SG where go-2SG=Q
Translation: Where are you going?
Language: Oroqen
Transcription: bii umun .nə ŋənə-tɕə-w , unti ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM once go-PST-1SG right
Translation: I have been there once, right?’ (: 123, 126, 131)
Language: Solon
Transcription: eri üxür aya=gii ?
Glosses: this ox good=Q
Translation: Is this ox good?
Language: Solon
Transcription: ʃi .n-i bəj-ʃi aja=gi , ərʉ=gi ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-GEN body-2SG.POSS good=Q bad=Q
Language: Solon
Transcription: sii ii .lee tegeji-ndi ?
Glosses: 2SG where live-PRS.2SG
Translation: Where do you live?
Language: Solon
Transcription: ta .ri üli-see baa ?
Glosses: 3SG go-PST Q
Translation: He went, didn’t he?
Language: Solon
Transcription: eri si oxon yeeme ?
Glosses: this COP what Q
Translation: What is this?
Language: Solon
Transcription: ʃii mʊrın-ʃı bəjə=guu , aaʃın=gʊʊ ?
Glosses: 2SG horse-2SG.POSS man=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Do you have horses or not?’
Language: Solon
Transcription: ə̬r uktu ulu-r uktu=ii ?
Glosses: this road walk-PTCP road=Q
Translation: Is this road the road (usually) travelled?
Language: Solon
Transcription: baxuu-dže=uu e-dže=uu ?
Glosses: find-PST=Q NEG-PST=Q
Translation: Was it found or not?
Language: Solon
Transcription: jam iśi-ndii ?
Glosses: which.one see-PRS.2SG
Translation: What do you see?’ (: 8, 9, modified transcription)
Language: Solon
Transcription: ši .n-i enin šamine žu-de bi-si-ɳ=gi ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-GEN mother ?father house-LOC COP-PRS-3=Q
Translation: Are your parents at home (still alive)?
Language: Solon
Transcription: jemu gerbi-či ?
Glosses: which name-2SG.POSS
Translation: What is your name?’ (: 1)
Language: Nanai
Transcription: noŋan naa .bəjə-ni=ŋuu , naa-nɪ=ʊʊ ?
Glosses: 3SG PN-3SG.POSS=Q PN-3SG.POSS=Q
Translation: Is he a Negidal or a Nanai?
Language: Nanai
Transcription: sii saa-s ?
Glosses: 2SG know-2SG
Translation: Do you know?’ (: 80, 65)
Language: Negidal
Transcription: ii-ǰə-m=i ?
Glosses: enter-FUT.Q-1SG.Q=Q
Translation: Shall I come in?
Language: Negidal
Transcription: eeva iche-ǯa-m ?
Glosses: what see-FUT.Q-1SG.Q
Translation: What will I see?
Language: Negidal
Transcription: oǯa-va iche-ǯee-v .
Glosses: track-ACC see-FUT-1SG
Translation: I will see the tracks.’ (: 10)
Language: Negidal
Transcription: mozhet bolotkı bi-ǰə-m=ŋu ee-ǰa-m=ŋu ?
Glosses: maybe autumn be-FUT.Q-1SG=Q what-FUT.Q-1SG=Q
Translation: Is it perhaps already autumn or what?
Language: Udihe
Transcription: uti nii ŋənəə-ni bi bagdəə-mi bua-la ?
Glosses: that man go.PST-3SG 1SG.NOM born.PST-1SG place-LOC
Translation: Has he (the man) gone to my birthplace.
Language: Udihe
Transcription: Iwana zugdi-du bi-s’e=nu ?
Glosses: Ivan house-LOC COP-PFV=Q
Translation: Is Ivan at home?
Language: Udihe
Transcription: si bagää-za=nu bi-s’e-i ?
Glosses: 2SG other.side-N-Q COP-PFV-2SG
Translation: Were you on the other side of the river?
Language: Udihe
Transcription: xeleba bie=nu anči=nu ?
Glosses: bread be.PRS.HAB=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Is there bread or not?’ (: 809, 812)
Language: Udihe
Transcription: j’e-le ñansule-i ?
Glosses: which-LOC study-2SG
Translation: Where do you study?’ (: 801)
Language: Udihe
Transcription: xuda=na ?
Glosses: fur=Q
Translation: And what about the fur?’ (: 808)
Language: Udihe
Transcription: ei=ne j’e .u bäsa-ni ?
Glosses: this=Q what river-3SG
Translation: And what is this river called?’ (: 808)
Language: Udihe
Transcription: j’e-we xokto-ni , käŋaa-s ogböö-s ?
Glosses: what-ACC footstep-3SG.POSS deer-Q elk-Q
Translation: Whose footsteps are these, a deer’s or an elk’s?
Language: Udihe
Transcription: iwana sin-du kusige-we bu-ge , e-si-ni bu-oo-s(i)?
Glosses: PN 2SG.OBL-DAT knife-ACC give-PFV neg-PST-3SG give-PST-Q
Translation: Has Ivan given you the knife or not?’ (: 811, 255)
Language: Udihe
Transcription: em’e-i , j’e .u ?
Glosses: come.PFV-2SG what
Language: Udihe
Transcription: su xulisee-u=nu jaa-u=nu ?
Glosses: 2PL go.PST-2PL=Q what.-2PL=Q
Translation: Did you go, or what?’ (: 811)
Language: Kilen
Transcription: su ənə-xəi=nə ja-xəi=nə ?
Glosses: 2PL go-PERF=Q what-PERF=Q
Translation: Did you go or what?’ (: 158)
Language: Oroch
Transcription: agduči-za-i=nu jaa-za-i=nu ?
Glosses: tell-FUT-1SG=Q what-FUT-1SG=Q
Translation: Should I tell or what?’ (: 98, from Avrorin)
Language: Oroch
Transcription: sii čihala-i-si ?
Glosses: 2SG agree-PRS-2SG
Translation: Do you agree?
Language: Oroch
Transcription: sii jaa-va xuana-i-si ?
Glosses: 2SG what-acc argue-PRS-2SG
Translation: What do you argue about?
Language: Oroch
Transcription: sii amba bi-si=nu ?
Glosses: 2SG evil.spirit COP-PRS=Q
Translation: Are you an evil spirit (the devil)?’ (: 184)
Language: Jurchen
Transcription: xali dʑi-dʑu-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: when come-REGR-PRS-2SG
Translation: When do you come back?
Language: Jurchen
Transcription: xaoɕi enə-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: where.to go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where do you go?’ (: 82)
Language: Kilen
Transcription: ali emə-tu-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: when come-REGR-PRS-2SG
Translation: When do you come back?
Language: Kilen
Transcription: ya-le ene-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: which-ALL go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where do you go?’ (: 82)
Language: Kilen
Transcription: ɕi arki-wə ɔmi-mi bi-ɕi=a ?
Glosses: 2SG alcohol-ACC drink-CVB COP-2SG=Q
Translation: Are you drinking alcohol?
Language: Kilen
Transcription: ia-lə ənə-ji-ɕi=a ?
Glosses: which-ALL go-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 87f.)
Language: Kilen
Transcription: ɕi əi-wə xəɕi ti-wə gələ-ji-ɕi=a ?
Glosses: 2SG this-ACC or.Q that-ACC ?want-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Do you want this or that?’ (: 45, simplified)
Language: Kilen
Transcription: ɕi adɔqɔli=nə ?
Glosses: 2SG cold=Q
Translation: Are you cold (or not)?
Language: Kilen
Transcription: suɾsaɾə=nə talaxa ?
Glosses: tasty=Q grilled.fish
Translation: Is the grilled fish tasty (or not)?’ (: 159)
Language: Nanai
Transcription: anda , duman bira goró ?
Glosses: friend PN river far
Translation: Friend, is the Duman river far away?’ (: 14, from Venjukov)
Language: Nanai
Transcription: swə aja-so=nu ?
Glosses: 2PL good-2PL.POSS=Q
Translation: Are you all well?
Language: Nanai
Transcription: swə sogdata-wa wanda-mari maŋbo-ci=nu namo-ci=nu ənə-i-su ?
Glosses: 2PL fish-ACC take-CVB.PL river-ALL=Q sea-ALL=Q go-PRS-2PL
Translation: Do you go to the river or sea to catch fish?
Language: Nanai
Transcription: si xali əusi ɟ̇i-ci-si ?
Glosses: 2SG when here come-PST-2SG
Translation: When did you come here?’ (: 155, 68, 52)
Language: Russian
Transcription: lʊča gasa=nʊʊ ?
Glosses: PN village=Q
Translation: (Is it) a Russian village?
Language: Russian
Transcription: xasu aňan=nʊʊ , nadan aňan=nʊʊ ňuŋgun aňan=nʊʊ bi-či-ni ?
Glosses: how.many year=Q seven year=Q six year=Q COP-PST-?3SG
Translation: How many years has it been, seven years (or) six years?’ (: 79, 86)
Language: Russian
Transcription: saaŋxai , xai .mi soŋg-i ?
Glosses: PN why cry-?PRS
Translation: Sanghai, why are you crying?’ (: 235f.)
Language: Orok
Transcription: eri aya ulaa=yi ?
Glosses: this good reindeer=Q
Translation: Is this a good reindeer?
Language: Orok
Transcription: ŋui sinda-xa-ni=ga ?
Glosses: who come-PST-3SG=Q
Translation: Who came?
Language: Russian
Transcription: khoni bi-si sii ?
Glosses: how COP-PRS 2SG
Translation: How are you?
Language: Orok
Transcription: tari nari ŋui=gəə ?
Glosses: that person who=Q
Translation: Who is that person?
Language: Orok
Transcription: xai=gəək ?
Glosses: what=Q
Translation: What is (this)?
Language: Orok
Transcription: eri xai=ga ?
Glosses: this what=Q
Translation: What is this?
Language: Orok
Transcription: hai-wö gade-si=ṅö ?
Glosses: what-ACC buy-2SG=Q
Translation: What do you (want to) buy?
Language: Russian
Transcription: xooni to-li-čee ?
Glosses: how do-P.FUT-3PL.Q
Translation: How are they doing?’ (: 192)
Language: Orok
Transcription: sii xoo-tai ŋəɲɲee-si , oskoola-tai yyuu , duku-takki yyuu ?
Glosses: 2SG which-DIR go.PRS-2SG school-DIR Q house-DIR.REFL.POSS Q
Translation: Where are you going, are you going to school or to your house?‘
Language: Orok
Transcription: sii oskoola-tai ŋəɲɲee-si=yi , duku-takki yyuu ?
Glosses: 2SG school-DIR go.PRS-2SG=Q house-DIR.REFL.POSS Q
Translation: Are you going to school? Or to your house?‘
Language: Orok
Transcription: xai-wa dəptu-li-ssee , sundattaa , ulissəə yyuu ?
Glosses: what-ACC eat-FUT-2SG.Q fish.ACC meat.ACC Q
Translation: What will you eat, fish or meat?‘
Language: Manchu
Transcription: waka-ra-rakū=na ?
Glosses: mistake-V-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will (you) not blame (me) then?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: gene-rakū=ne ?
Glosses: go-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will (you) not go?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: o .jo-rakū=no ?
Glosses: become-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will it not do?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: gisu-re-rakū=nu ?
Glosses: word-V-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will (you) not speak?’ (: 171)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ere gese baita geli bi=ni ?
Glosses: this like matter also COP=Q
Translation: Was there ever anything like this?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ere ai turgun=ni ?
Glosses: this what reason=Q
Translation: What is the reason for this?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: si ere bithe=be hola-ki se-mbi=o ?
Glosses: 2SG this book=ACC read-OPT say-IPFV=Q
Translation: Do you want to read this book?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: geren niyalma-i dorgi fala-ci aca-ra-ngge we-be=o ?
Glosses: all person-GEN inside punish-COND meet-IPFV-N who-ACC=Q
Translation: Who among all men is to be punished?’ (: 131, 133, 140)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: si min-de bu-mbi=o bu-rakū .n ?
Glosses: 2SG 1SG.OBL-DAT give-IPFV=Q give-IPFV.NEG.Q
Translation: Are you going to give it to me, or not?’ (: 67, from the Jinpingmei)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: gebu ali .bu-ha=o akūn ?
Glosses: name submit-P.PVF=Q NEG.Q
Translation: Have (you) enrolled (for the exam) or not?’ (: 28)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ere kemuni tolhin waka=o se-me=o ?
Glosses: this still dream NEG=Q say-CVB.IPFV=Q
Translation: This isn’t a dream or is it?’ (: 87, 104, 131)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ere sain akū=nio ?
Glosses: this good NEX=Q
Translation: Isn’t this good?’ (: 134)
Language: Sibe
Transcription: ʂi guldʐa-ji nan=na ?
Glosses: 2SG PN-GEN person=Q
Translation: Are you from Yining?
Language: Sibe
Transcription: ʂi evʂi=jə ?
Glosses: 2SG how=?Q
Translation: How are you?
Language: Sibe
Transcription: tʂəhsə avqa-ji arvun evʂi ?
Glosses: yesterday sky-GEN form how
Translation: How was the weather yesterday?’ (: 207, 280, 277)
Language: Sibe
Transcription: ə .r mi .n dʐaq=na , ʂi .n dʐaq=na ?
Glosses: this 1SG.GEN thing=Q 2SG.GEN thing=Q
Translation: Is this mine or yours?
Language: Sibe
Transcription: so .n tə .va morin gum ambu ba ?
Glosses: 2PL.GEN there horse all big Q
Translation: In your place all horses are big, aren’t they?’ (: 49, 95)
Language: Sibe
Transcription: tə-s ɢanbi ʂi .n-i-ŋə vaq , məndʐaŋ=ba ?
Glosses: that-PL pencil 2SG.OBL-GEN-N NEG right=Q
Language: Sibe
Transcription: tə .r əm nan siv , məndʐaŋ=na ?
Glosses: that one man teacher right=Q
Translation: That one is a teacher, right?
Language: Sibe
Transcription: ʂi mi .ni-d utʂi-v li-maq ʂinda , o-m=na ?
Glosses: 2SG 1SG.OBL-DAT door-ACC open-CVB.PFV stay[IMP] be-IPFV=Q
Translation: Hold the door open for me, will you?’ (: 91, 102, 343)
Language: Sibe
Transcription: mi .n-i gała-ci tuči-mbü ?
Glosses: 1SG.OBL-GEN hand-ABL come.out-IPFV.Q
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɯr baiti-bɯ dɔndʑi-γ=nɔ ?
Glosses: this matter-ACC hear-P.PFV=Q
Translation: Did you hear about this matter?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɯ .lɯ ai dʐaqxa=ni ?
Glosses: this what thing=Q
Translation: What (kind of thing) is this?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ai gɯvvɯ ?
Glosses: what name
Translation: What (is your) name?’ (: 300, 296, 55)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɕi qaŋqxɣ-ʁɣ ba ?
Glosses: 2SG be.thirsty-P.PFV Q
Translation: You must be thirsty, right?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: najnaj čičikal=dili ǰi-xə-niŋŋə haishi xaəlbin=dili ǰi-xə-niŋŋə ?
Glosses: grandmother PN=ABL come-P.PFV-N or.Q PN=ABL come-P.PFV-N
Translation: Is your grandmother from Qiqihar or from Harbin?’ (: 214)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: pi putA tʂə-mi=no ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM food eat-IPFV=Q
Translation: (Can) I eat the food?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɕiɕk‘ə və tɕi-ɣə ?
Glosses: yesterday who come-P.PFV
Translation: Who came yesterday?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɕi tɕi-mi xɛʂʅ pi kənə-mi ?
Glosses: 2SG come-IPFV or 1SG go-IPFV
Translation: Do you come or do I go?’ (: 164, 184, 188)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: so kəm tɕi-ɣə mA ?
Glosses: 2PL all come-P.PFV Q
Translation: Have you all come?’(: 154)
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɕi mandʐo gisun baʁa .na-m=no ?
Glosses: 2SG Manchu language be.able-IPFV=Q
Translation: Can you speak Manchu?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɛ-bəri jov-ʁa ?
Glosses: what-DIR go-P.PFV
Translation: Where did (she) go?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: anə gəl mɛri-m dʑi-ɣə=je ?
Glosses: why again return-CVB.IPFV come-P.PFV=?Q
Translation: Why have you come back again?
Language: Manchu
Transcription: bi agə-dərə gəm adʑigən , ino vaqa=ba ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM e.brother-ABL all little correct wrong=Q
Translation: I’m smaller than all (my elder) brothers, isn’t that right?’ (: 236)
Language: Bala
Transcription: ɕi .n nianli ai-və-t‘ bi=ɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG.GEN washing.hammer what-place-LOC COP=Q
Language: Manchu
Transcription: ɕi .n-i nijandʒ‘a .k‘u ai-ba-de bi-x=ɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-GEN washing.hammer what-place-LOC COP-PFV=Q
Translation: Where is your washing hammer?’ (: 25)
Language: Bala
Transcription: ɕi ənə=ŋɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG go=Q
Language: Bala
Transcription: ɕi .n amin=ŋɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG.GEN father=Q
Translation: Is it your father?’ (: 31)
Language: Evenki
Transcription: aŋii aŋii-βa aŋii-ǯa-ra-n ?
Glosses: INT INT-ACC INT-IPFV-PRS-3SG
Translation: Who is doing what?’ (: 26)
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Nermin okul-a git-miş=mı ?
Glosses: PN school-DAT go-PFV.EV=Q
Translation: Has Nermin gone to school?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Nermin okul-a=mı git-miş ?
Glosses: PN school-DAT=Q go-PFV.EV
Translation: Has Nermin gone to school?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Cemal okul-a git-ti=mi , (yoksa) git-me-de=mi ?
Glosses: PN school-DAT go-PFV=Q (or) go-NEG-PFV=Q
Translation: Did Cemal go to school or not?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Ev-e ne zaman gid-ecek-sin ?
Glosses: home-DAT what time go-FUT-2SG
Translation: When will you be going home?’ (: 257, 254, 259)
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Cemal bugün okul-a git-me-di , değil mi ?
Glosses: PN today school-DAT go-NEG-PFV NEG Q
Translation: Cemal didn’t go to school today, did(n’t) he?
Language: Turkish
Transcription: Esra Handan-ın abla-sı-ymış , öyle mi ?
Glosses: PN PN-GEN elder.sister-3SG.POSS-EV.COP so Q
Translation: So Esra is Handan’s elder sister, right?’ (: 253)
Language: Salar
Transcription: sen aʃ iʃ-dʒi=mu ?
Glosses: 2SG noodle drink-PST.DEF=Q
Translation: Have you eaten (yet)?
Language: Salar
Transcription: u ge(l)-miʃ=u ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PST.INDEF=Q
Translation: Has (s)he come?’ (: 90, 91)
Language: Salar
Transcription: ana , sen ɢala va(r)-ʁur-i ?
Glosses: girl 2SG whither go-FUT-Q
Translation: Miss, where are you going?’ (: 116)
Language: Salar
Transcription: sen naŋ-a vulə gel-dʒi ?
Glosses: 2SG what-DAT for come-PST.DEF
Translation: Why have you come?’ (: 86)
Language: Salar
Transcription: sen iʃ-du ?
Glosses: 2SG drink-Q.SELF.EV
Translation: (I see that) you have finished drinking?’ (: 71)
Language: Salar
Transcription: u si-(niɣi) gaga-ŋ ira ba ?
Glosses: 3SG 2SG-(GEN) e.brother-?2SG.POSS COP Q
Translation: This is your elder brother, right?’ (: 84)
Language: Tatar
Transcription: sɨn qajsə-sə-n ala-səŋ ?
Glosses: 2SG which-3SG.POSS-ACC want-2SG
Translation: Which one do you want?
Language: Tatar
Transcription: ismɛʁil abzɨj tyrkijɛ-gɛ bar-ma-ʁan=mə ?
Glosses: PN uncle PN-DAT go-NEG-PTCP.PST=Q
Translation: Has uncle Ismeril (younger brother of the father) never been to Turkey?
Language: Tatar
Transcription: sɨz ɨlgɛrɨ χaləq bartʃasə-ʁa bar-ʁan i-di-gɨz=mɨ ?
Glosses: 2SG.POL before people park-DAT go-PTCP.PST COP-PST-2SG.POL=Q
Translation: Have you been to the People’s Park before?’ : 147, 111)
Language: Tatar
Transcription: zäkiyä kil-de=me ?
Glosses: PN come-PST=Q
Language: Tatar
Transcription: närsä bar ?
Glosses: what COP
Translation: What is it?
Language: Tatar
Transcription: kičä sez-gä kem kil-de ?
Glosses: yesterday 2PL-DAT who come-PST
Translation: Who came to you yesterday?
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: aʁan da bar-də=ma ?
Glosses: e.brother also go-PST=Q
Translation: Did your elder brother go as well?’ (: 119)
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: ol oqə .wʃə=ma , oqə .t .əwʃə=ma ?
Glosses: 3SG student=Q teacher=Q
Translation: Is (s)he a student or a teacher?
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: olar ʃaqər-ma-də=ma ælde bar-ʁəŋ kel-me-di=me ?
Glosses: 3PL call-NEG-PST=Q or.Q go-PST.PFV come-NEG-PST=Q
Translation: Didn’t they call you or did you (simply) not come?’ (: 99, 104)
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: ol kel-e=me , kel-me-j=me ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PRS=Q come-NEG-PRS=Q
Translation: Does (s)he come or not?
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: sarə-maj-də dʒaqsə kør-e-siŋ=be dʒoq ?
Glosses: yellow-oil-DAT good see-PRS-2SG=Q NEG
Translation: Do you like butter?’ (: 104)
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: ornija orïr-a-sïŋ=ba , orïr-ma-y-sïŋ=ba ?
Glosses: place sit-PRS-2SG=Q sit-NEG-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Are you going to sit down at your place or not?
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: ornija orïr-a-sïŋ=ba , žoq=pa ?
Glosses: place sit-PRS-2SG=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Are you going to sit down at your place or not?
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: nurbek-sɨŋ=ba ?
Glosses: PN-2SG=Q
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: nurbek-pɨ-sɨŋ ?
Glosses: PN-Q-2SG
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: sɨz qajda bar-a-sɨz ?
Glosses: 2SG.POL where go-PRS-2SG.POL
Translation: Where do you go?’ (: 68)
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: omar=ʃe ?
Glosses: PN=Q
Translation: What about Omar?’ (: 121)
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: munə saʁan kɨm ajtə-p ber-dɨ , æ ?
Glosses: this 2SG who tell-CVB give-PST Q
Translation: Who told you that, eh?’ (: 131)
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: al kel-e=bi ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PRS=Q
Translation: Is (s)he coming?
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: bul kitep=pi ?
Glosses: this book=Q
Translation: Is this a book?’ (: 89)
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: kel-e-sing=bü ?
Glosses: go-PRS-2SG=Q
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: kel-e-bi-sin ?
Glosses: go-PRS-Q-2SG
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: qaijda bar-a-səŋ ?
Glosses: whither go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 174)
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: men bar-a-mən , siz=tʃi ?
Glosses: 1SG go-PRS-1SG 2SG=Q
Translation: I have to go, what about you?’ (: 155)
Language: Kirghiz
Transcription: al qərʁəz beken ?
Glosses: 3SG PN Q
Translation: Isn’t he Kyrgyz?
Language: Tatar
Transcription: al tatar bejim ?
Glosses: 3SG PN Q
Translation: (S)he apparently is Tatar, right?’ (: 155, 156)
Language: Uighur
Transcription: qel-ding=mu ?
Glosses: do-PST=Q
Translation: Did you do?
Language: Uighur
Transcription: qel-a-m-san ?
Glosses: do-NPST-Q-2SG
Language: Uighur
Transcription: ätä kel-äl-ä-m-siz ?
Glosses: tomorrow come-ABIL-NPST-Q-2SG.POL
Language: Uighur
Transcription: sän tapšuruq-ni išlä-p bol-duŋ=mu ?
Glosses: 2SG homework-ACC make-CVB aux-PST.2SG=Q
Language: Uighur
Transcription: bayiqi gäp-ni aŋli-mi-diŋ=ma ?
Glosses: just.now talk-ACC hear-NEG-PST=Q
Translation: Didn’t you hear what was just said?’ (: 367)
Language: Uighur
Transcription: nima bâr ?
Glosses: what exist
Translation: What is there?
Language: Uighur
Transcription: bu nemä ?
Glosses: this what
Translation: What is this?’ (: 367)
Language: Uighur
Transcription: bügün kel-a-m-siz (yaki) äti=mu ?
Glosses: today come-NPST-Q-2SG.POL or tomorrow=Q
Translation: Do you come today or tomorrow?’ (: 321)
Language: Kazakh
Transcription: samsung al-a-sïŋ=ba , ayfon=ba ?
Glosses: PN buy-PRS-2SG=Q PN=Q
Translation: Will you buy a Samsung or an iPhone?
Language: Uighur
Transcription: sän zadi bar-a-m-sän , bar-ma-m-sän ?
Glosses: 2SG actually go-PRS-Q-2SG go-NEG-Q-2SG
Translation: Will you actually go or not?
Language: Uighur
Transcription: saŋa jan keräk=mu ämäs=mu ?
Glosses: 2SG.DAT life need=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Do you want to live?
Language: Uighur
Transcription: bašqi-lar-din al-γan qärz-ni qaytur-al-a-m-sän yoq ?
Glosses: other-PL-ABL take-P.PFV debt-ACC pay-ABIL-Q-2SG NEG
Translation: Can you pay the debt you have from the others or not?’ (: 368)
Language: Uighur
Transcription: öj-de öʃke bar=mu joq(=mu)?
Glosses: house-LOC goat COP=Q NEG(=Q)
Translation: Are there any goats in the house or not?
Language: Uighur
Transcription: ma jɛktʃɛʃmɛ kiʃi kim ?
Glosses: this one.eyed person who
Translation: Who is this one-eyed person?’ (: 46)
Language: Ainu (China)
Transcription: siz nidʒej-dɨn ɦɛs_bol ?
Glosses: 2SG.?POL where-ABL come.PST.2SG
Translation: Where did you come from?’ (: 31)
Language: Uighur
Transcription: ular bügün käl-mä-ydu , šundaq=qu ?
Glosses: 3PL today come-NEG-3NPST just.so=Q
Translation: You are not coming today, right?’ (: 322)
Language: Ili Turki
Transcription: bar-dı=ma ?
Glosses: go-PST=Q
Translation: Did (she) go?
Language: Ili Turki
Transcription: bar-dı-q=pa ?
Glosses: go-PST-1PL=Q
Translation: Did we go?
Language: Uzbek
Transcription: mümkin=mi ?
Glosses: possible=Q
Translation: Is it possible?
Language: Uzbek
Transcription: futbol oyin-gȧ bår-ȧylik=mi ?
Glosses: football match-DAT go-VOL=Q
Translation: Shall we go to the football mtach?’ (: 360, 368)
Language: Uzbek
Transcription: såγ-mi-siz ?
Glosses: good-Q-2PL
Translation: Are you well?
Language: Uzbek
Transcription: kėlȧ-siz=mi ?
Glosses: come-2PL=Q
Translation: Will you come?
Language: Uzbek
Transcription: mėŋȧ qaysi .si yaraš-adi , qizili=mi , åqi=mi ?
Glosses: 1SG.DAT which suit-?COP.PST red=Q white=Q
Translation: Which one suits me, the red one or the white one?
Language: Uzbek
Transcription: kėčȧ kim-lar kėl-di ?
Glosses: tonight who-PL come-PST
Translation: What persons have arrived tonight?
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: xlep bar=be ?
Glosses: bread COP=Q
Translation: Is there bread?
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: kayɨɨn kel-gen siler ?
Glosses: whence come-PST.I 2PL
Translation: Where have you come from?’ (: 69, 28)
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: ol gel-di=be ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PST.II=Q
Translation: Has (s)he come?
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: sen ɢaʒan dʒor-ur-sen ?
Glosses: 2SG when leave-?FUT-2SG
Translation: When will you leave?
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: suu-bəs-təŋ bir .si qajda-l ?
Glosses: water-1PL.POSS-?ABL some where-Q
Translation: Where has some of our water gone?’ (: 113, 144, 54)
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: batə gel-gen-be ?
Glosses: PN come-POST-Q
Translation: Has Bat arrived?
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: gïm gel-gen ?
Glosses: who come-POST
Translation: Who has come?
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: am pis ganǰaar-əl ?
Glosses: now 1PL which.V.INTRA.LF-Q
Translation: And now what should we do?’ (: 193, 131, 188)
Language: Tuvinian
Transcription: gel-gen emes=pe ?
Glosses: come-POST NEG=Q
Translation: (S)he arrived, didn’t (s)he?
Language: Tofa
Transcription: onu soodap beer=be ?
Glosses: 3SG.ACC say.CVB OBJ.VERS.P/F=Q
Translation: Should I say it again (for you)?
Language: Tofa
Transcription: ad-ïŋ qum-ul ?
Glosses: name-2SG.POSS who-Q
Translation: What is your name?’ (: 199)
Language: Khakas
Transcription: sɪrer xakas-ta-p čooxta-pča-zar=ba ?
Glosses: 2PL PN-V-CVB speak-PRS-2PL=Q
Language: Khakas
Transcription: kem pɪl-er anɨ ?
Glosses: who know-FUT 3SG.ACC
Translation: Who knows him/her?
Language: Khakas
Transcription: sin taŋ .da , škola par-ča-zyŋ ?
Glosses: 2SG tomorrow school go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Are you going to school tomorrow?
Language: Khakas
Transcription: taŋ .da , sin škola par-ča-zyŋ ?
Glosses: tomorrow 2SG school go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Is it tomorrow that you are going to school?
Language: Khakas
Transcription: sin škola , taŋ .da par-ča-zyŋ ?
Glosses: 2SG school tomorrow go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Is it to school that you are going tomorrow?
Language: Khakas
Transcription: xɨɣɨr-ɣan čir-zer xaydi par-ba-ǯaŋ ?
Glosses: invite-PPST place-ALL how go-NEG-Q
Translation: How is it possible not to go where one was invited?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ol sin-iŋ balaŋ=ma ?
Glosses: 3SG 2SG-GEN son=Q
Translation: Is he your son?’ (: 29, 37)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: yahȿ=mu ?
Glosses: good=Q
Translation: How are you?’ (a greeting)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sen uzï-htï-m ?
Glosses: 2SG sleep-PST-Q
Translation: Did you sleep?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kʊ ki-ȿtï-m ki-ɣïmstï-m ?
Glosses: 3SG come-FUT.EV-Q come-FUT.NEG.EV-Q
Translation: Will (s)he come or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sen puɣïn=mi , taɣïn=mi tahqï chunʕaŋ-qa kuŋcuola-ȿ=mi ?
Glosses: 2SG today=Q tomorrow=Q or chief-DAT work-FUT=Q
Translation: Will you work for the chief today or tomorrow?
Language: Mrassu Shor-Tutal
Transcription: kem kel-du ?
Glosses: who come-PST
Translation: Who came?
Language: Mrassu Shor-Tutal
Transcription: ak kazyn özer=be čok=pa ?
Glosses: white ?birch ?grow=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Is the white birch tree growing or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: albyŋ=ba ?
Glosses: ?receive=q
Translation: Have you received?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: olor kel-gen=ne ?
Glosses: 3PL come-?P.PST=Q
Translation: (I wonder whether) they came?’ (: 183)
Language: Northern Altai
Transcription: eme t’etire uyuqta-p-sïn=mï ?
Glosses: now till sleep-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Have you been sleeping till now?
Language: Northern Altai
Transcription: t’e , qančïn-dan kečirsin ?
Glosses: well how.much-ABL ferry.PRS.2SG
Translation: Well, how much is it for you to ferry us (over the river)?
Language: Northern Altai
Transcription: kem-niŋ tiž-i apaaš’ aa-ŋ=ma meeŋ=me ?
Glosses: who-GEN tooth-3SG.POSS rather.white 3SG-GEN=Q 1SG.GEN=Q
Translation: Whose teeth are especially white, his/hers or mine?’ (: 98)
Language: Lower Chulym Turkic
Transcription: kajnaar bar-eydi-ŋ ?
Glosses: whither go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 250)
Language: Lower Chulym Turkic
Transcription: män par-ad-ym=ba ?
Glosses: 1SG go-PRS-1SG=Q
Translation: Do I go?
Language: Lower Chulym Turkic
Transcription: seeŋ eer-iŋ äp-te=bä ?
Glosses: 2SG.GEN husband-2SG.POSS house-LOC=Q
Translation: Is your husband at home?’ (: 98)
Language: Lower Chulym Turkic
Transcription: siler-niŋ čaqšï=ba vest’?
Glosses: 2PL-GEN good=Q news
Language: Sakha
Transcription: kyœrəʁej ɯrɯa-tɯ-n ist-e-ʁin=duo ?
Glosses: lark song-3SG.POSS-ACC hear-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Do you hear the song of larks?
Language: Sakha
Transcription: oʁo-ŋ kɯɯs=duu uol=duu ?
Glosses: child-2SG.POSS daughter.COP.3SG=Q son.COP.3SG=Q
Translation: Is your child a daughter or a son?
Language: Sakha
Transcription: xanna baar-gɯn-ɯj ?
Glosses: where exist-COP.2SG-Q
Translation: Where are you?
Language: Dolgan
Transcription: taahïk-ka uu baar=duo ?
Glosses: washbasin-DAT water EX=Q
Translation: Is there water in the washbasin?
Language: Dolgan
Transcription: tugunan bar-ïa-ŋ-ïy ?
Glosses: what.INST go-FUT-2SG-Q
Translation: What will you go with?’ (: 62, 90)
Language: Dolgan
Transcription: ikki=duo üs=duo čahy ?
Glosses: two=Q four=Q hour
Translation: for two or four hours?
Language: Chuvash
Transcription: văl χula-na kay-nă-i ?
Glosses: 3SG city-DAT go-PST-Q
Translation: Did (s)he go to the city?
Language: Chuvash
Transcription: văl χula-na kay-nă-im ?
Glosses: 3SG city-DAT go-PST-Q
Translation: Did (s)he really go to the city?
Language: Chuvash
Transcription: văl χula-na kay-nă-ši ?
Glosses: 3SG city-DAT go-PST-Q
Translation: You mean (s)he went to the city?
Language: Chuvash
Transcription: esir ăśta purăn-a-tăr , xula-ra-i (e) yal-ta-i ?
Glosses: 2SG.POL where live-PRS-2SG.POL city-LOC-Q or village-LOC-Q
Translation: Where do you live, in the city or in the village?
Language: Chuvash
Transcription: muzey ăśta-ši ?
Glosses: museum where-Q
Translation: Where is the museum?
Language: Chuvash
Transcription: esir ăśta śural-nă ?
Glosses: 2SG.POL where be.born-PF
Translation: Where have you been born?’ (: 34, 62)
Language: Salar
Transcription: sen naŋ et-bər-i ?
Glosses: 2SG what do-PROGR.INDEF-Q
Translation: What are you doing?’ (: 86)
Language: Nganasan
Transcription: ti̮ŋ ŋonə-ntuˀ ńi-kəə-ri̮ˀ hourə-ˀ ?
Glosses: 2PL self-2PL NEG-IT.Q-2PL fetch.wood-CON
Translation: Don’t you go to bring your firewood yourselves?
Language: Nganasan
Transcription: ma-kal’i i-ŋu-ruˀ maa-ŋu-ruˀ ?
Glosses: home-CAR be-PRS.Q-2PL what-PRS.Q-2PL
Translation: Are you homeless or what?’ (: 109, 121)
Language: Nganasan
Transcription: ti̮n , maa ənti̮-d’i əmə tuj-ŋu-ruˀ ?
Glosses: 2PL what so-inf here come-PRS.Q-2PL
Translation: What have you come here for?
Language: Enets
Transcription: uu mosra-sa-d
Glosses: 2SG work-PST.Q-2SG
Language: Enets
Transcription: kokođ to-sa-d ?
Glosses: whence come-PST.Q-2SG
Translation: Where did you come from?
Language: Enets
Transcription: karaul-xuđ to-đ-ud’.
Glosses: PN-ABL.SG come-1SG-PST
Translation: I came from Karaul.
Language: Nenets
Transcription: ŋawor-ma-nʔ xarwa-daʔ ?
Glosses: eat-N-DAT want-2PL
Translation: Do you want to eat?’ (: 90, from Nenyang)
Language: Nenets
Transcription: xəqman-ca-n°?
Glosses: say.what-PST.Q-2SG
Translation: What did you say?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: pidər° ti-m xada-sa-r°?
Glosses: 2SG reindeer-ACC kill-PST.Q-2SG>SG.OBJ
Translation: Did you kill the reindeer?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: wera to-sa , n’i-sa ?
Glosses: PN come-PST.Q NEG-PST.Q
Language: Nenets
Transcription: kuńana me-sa-n ?
Glosses: where COP-PST.Q-2SG
Translation: Where were you?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: n’abako-m’i tuut°-bə-ta=w°h ?
Glosses: elder.sister-1SG come.FUT-COND-DUB
Translation: (I wonder) will my sister come or not?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: s’axah tuut°ə=w°h ?
Glosses: when come.fut=DUB
Translation: When on earth will he come?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: t’uku yəxa yor’a=w°h n’ii=w°h ?
Glosses: this river deep-DUB NEG-DUB
Translation: Is this river deep or not?’ (: 267, 268)
Language: Nenets
Transcription: noxa-m xada-sa-n°, t’on’a-m ?
Glosses: polar.fox-ACC kill-PST.Q-2SG fox-ACC
Translation: Did you kill a polar fox or a red fox?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: ti-m xada-sa-no , ŋan’i ŋəmke-m ?
Glosses: reindeer-ACC kill-PST.Q-2SG other what-ACC
Translation: Did you kill a reindeer or what (did you kill) instead?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: xən’ah m’iŋa-dəm=t’iq ?
Glosses: whither go-1SG=EMPH.Q
Translation: Where on earth am I going?
Language: Selkup
Transcription: tat qaj qən-na-ntɨ ?
Glosses: 2SG Q go-CO-2SG
Translation: Are you leaving?’(: 149, from Kuznecova)
Language: Selkup
Transcription: tat qum-ɨt-ɨp qajɨtqo ašša apstɨ-s-al ?
Glosses: 2SG man-PL-ACC why NEG feed-PST-2SG.O
Translation: Why did you not give the people any food?’ (: 142, from Kuznecova)
Language: Kamas-Koibal
Transcription: tən orōn tərlēē̮le məlal=a ?
Glosses: 2SG hole.LAT skip.GER can.FUT=Q
Translation: Can you skip the hole?
Language: Kamas-Koibal
Transcription: šinde dəγin amna ?
Glosses: who there sit.PRS.3SG
Translation: Who is sitting there?
Language: Kamas-Koibal
Transcription: man amnōˀla=bo aali maˀan jīla xallolaˀ=bo ?
Glosses: 1SG.LOC live.FUT.2PL=Q or home.GEN people.LAT go.FUT.2PL=Q
Translation: Are you going to live here at my place or are you going home to your own people?’ (Künnap 1999a: 35, 36)
Language: Nenets
Transcription: xurka/ŋəmke l'ekarə-ŋe° tara-sa ?
Glosses: which doctor-ESS needed-PST.Q
Translation: What kind of doctor did he work as?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: (pidəro) xiib’a-no-s’o ?
Glosses: 2SG who-2SG-PST.Q
Translation: Who were you?
Language: Nenets
Transcription: xiib’a-h teda səwa ?
Glosses: who-GEN reindeer.3SG good
Translation: Whose reindeer is good?’ (: 257, 251)
Language: Ket
Transcription: toˑk=u ɛtam ?
Glosses: axe=Q sharp
Translation: Is the axe sharp?
Language: Ket
Transcription: bū tām d[u]-i[k]-n-bes ?
Glosses: 3SG Q 3M-here-PST-move
Translation: Did he come?’ (: 67)
Language: Ket
Transcription: toˑk bən’du ɛtam ?
Glosses: axe NEG.Q sharp
Translation: Is the axe not sharp?
Language: Ket
Transcription: ána qa-du , bə́ndu hík .biseb , bə́ndu qím .biseb ?
Glosses: who big-PR.3SG.M Q brother Q sister
Translation: Who is bigger, the brother or the sister?’ (: 122, 183)
Language: Ket
Transcription: ūk huʔn hə́nuna-da bə̀ndu ūk hïʔp hə́nuna-du ?
Glosses: 2SG.GEN daughter small-PR.3F Q 2SG.GEN son small-PR.3M
Translation: Is your daughter or your son smaller?
Language: Ket
Transcription: ū bín-ku kénas-keʔt , bín-ku bə̄n ?
Glosses: 2SG self-2SG bright-human self-2SG NEG
Translation: Are you a real (lit. bright) person or not?’ (: 199, 228)
Language: Ket
Transcription: ákùs də́-b-bèt ?
Glosses: what 3F.S-3N.O-do
Translation: Just what is she making?
Language: Ket
Transcription: da-ákùs-[s]-bet ?
Glosses: 3F-what-MS-do
Translation: What is she doing?
Language: Ket
Transcription: aj də́-b-bèt ?
Glosses: what 3F.S-3N.O-do
Translation: Just what is it she is making?
Language: Ket
Transcription: an kú-[i]n-à ?
Glosses: what 2S-PST-active.event
Translation: Just what happened to you?
Language: Yugh
Transcription: an diˑn’e ?
Glosses: what 1S.PST.active.event
Translation: Just what happened to me?
Language: Yugh
Transcription: u assa ku-b-bet’?
Glosses: 2SG what 2S-3N.O-do
Translation: What are you doing?
Language: Yugh
Transcription: u k-assa-iˑget’?
Glosses: 2sg 2S-what-do
Translation: What are you doing?’ (: 225, 226)
Language: Yugh
Transcription: dɨlatkat bɨl’l’a dɔnaŋd’in , bən’?
Glosses: children all ?3.PST.3.come NEG
Translation: Have the children all come or not?
Language: Kott-Assan
Transcription: huṡ=bo ?
Glosses: horse=Q
Translation: (Is it) a horse?’ (: 153, : 80)
Language: South Slavey
Transcription: hį́ golǫ fehk’é ?
Glosses: Q moose 3.shot
Translation: Did he shoot a moose?
Language: Kiowa Apache
Transcription: (ya’) Katie nłdzil (né)?
Glosses: Q PN strong Q
Language: Eyak
Transcription: sAsinL=sh ?
Glosses: ?die=Q
Language: Tlingit
Transcription: lingít=gé x’eeya .áxch ?
Glosses: PN=Q 2SG.understand.it
Language: Eyak
Transcription: [dee k’u .tse’]=d ?
Glosses: what meat=Q
Translation: What meat?’ (: 586)
Language: Tlingit
Transcription: daa=sá uwajée wutoo .oowú ?
Glosses: what=Q 3PL.think 1PL.bought.it
Translation: What did they think we bought?
Language: Navajo
Transcription: haa=sh yidzaa ?
Glosses: what=Q 3ACC.3NOM.happened
Translation: What happened to him?
Language: South Slavey
Transcription: menį ˀahęt’e ?
Glosses: who 3.COP
Translation: Who is it?
Language: Kiowa Apache
Transcription: hadín dázhǫ́ nłdzil ?
Glosses: who very strong
Translation: Who is very strong?’ (: 50)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: omo-s’ šoromo-k ?
Glosses: good-ATTR person-PRED
Translation: Is (he) a good person?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: me-n’oho-j=duu ?
Glosses: PRED.FOC-fall-INTR.3SG=Q
Translation: Did he fall down?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: igeje čičegej-gen ! ad-i=duu šašaqa-daj-m=duu ?
Glosses: rope strech-IMP.3SG strong-INTR.3SG=Q tear-CAUS-TR.S=Q
Translation: Let the rope stretch! Is it strong (enough), or will he tear it up?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: kudede=duu oj-l’e=duu ?
Glosses: kill=Q NEG-be=Q
Translation: Have I killed it or not?’(: 475-477)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: mot adó kêt’ alí el=kêt’?
Glosses: 1SG son come.INTR.3SG or NEG=come.INTR.3SG
Translation: Did my son come or not?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: eld’e , tide-ŋ mit t’ald’ed’uo el=men’-me-k ?
Glosses: well DEM.INV-FOC 1PL ring NEG=take-TR-2SG
Translation: Well, haven’t you taken that ring of ours?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: eld’e , neme-le men’-me-k ?
Glosses: well what-FOC take-TR-FC
Translation: Well, what have you bought?’ (: 48, 42)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: (mörde(ŋ)) me=möri-mk ?
Glosses: news PRED.FOC=hear-TR.2PL
Translation: Have you heard (the news)?’ (: 69, 71)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: me=brigadir-ŋo-d’ek ?
Glosses: PRED.FOC=team.leader-be-INTR.2SG
Translation: (You) are the team leader, (aren’t you)?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: uo purie-le ejk samnaldaŋn’e-le aptaa-nu-m ?
Glosses: child berry-ACC or mushroom-ACC gather.INCH-DUR-TR.3SG
Translation: Is the child picking berries or mushrooms?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: tet ile me=čaal’-uon’ uuri me=n’aawe-j .
Glosses: 2SG reindeer PRED.FOC=be.bay-INTR.3SG or PRED.FOC=be.white-INTR.3SG
Translation: Is your reindeer bay or white?
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: tet qanin kelu-k ?
Glosses: 2SG when come-2SG.Q
Translation: When do you come?’ (questioned peripheral argument)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: kin-tek kelu-l ?
Glosses: who-PRED.FOC come-PTCP
Translation: Who came?’ (questioned S)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: tet lem-dik ooʒe-t-mo ?
Glosses: 2SG what-PRED.FOC drink-FUT-PTCP.2SG
Translation: What will you drink?’ (questioned O)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: kin kudede ?
Glosses: who kill
Translation: Who killed (it)?’ (questioned A) (: 245, 240)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: kanin kawe-i-ta-je-k ?
Glosses: when go-?PFV-FUT-INTR-2SG.Q
Translation: When will you leave?’ (questioned peripheral argument)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: mịt lomdak aa-ta-m ?
Glosses: 1PL what-PRED.FOC do-FUT-PTCP.1PL
Translation: What will we do?’ (questioned O)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: kin ólo ?
Glosses: who steal
Translation: Who stole (it)?’ (questioned A) (: 101, 92)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: neme-lek joorǝ-t-ook ?
Glosses: what-INST play-FUT-1PL.Q
Translation: What are we going to play with?’ (questioned peripheral argument)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: kin-ek ewrǝ-l ?
Glosses: who-FOC come-PTCP
Translation: Who has arrived?’ (questioned S)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: neme-lǝ ńeed’i-t-mǝŋ ?
Glosses: what-FOC tell-FOC-PTCP.2SG
Translation: What will you tell (us)?’ (questioned O)
Language: Yukaghir
Transcription: tet-qanǝ kin tite gitńǝr wee ?
Glosses: 2SG-ACC who so up.to do
Translation: Who did that to you?’ (questioned A) (: 131f.)
Language: Timor-Alor-Pantar
Transcription: moku kiang nu he-n-u nala , moku neng re mayol ?
Glosses: kid baby this 3O.LOC-be.like.this-PFV what kid man or woman
Translation: What is the baby, a boy or a girl?’ (: 175)
Language: Austronesian
Transcription: ime a men mae', yaku' kabai i koo ?
Glosses: who ART REL go 1SG or PERS.ART 2SG
Translation: Who will go, you or I?’ (: 66)
Language: Tungusic
Transcription: ni jaɾin ja-tulə ənə-kiɕiə ?
Glosses: who when where-ALL go-?SUBJ
Translation: Who would like to go to where when?’ (: 163)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wíra i ápáari ki stao wareac .
Glosses: Baum es wächst INGR REM.PAST QUOT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik heb besloten [(om) er een boek over te schrijven].
Glosses: Ich habe beschlossen (für) es ein Buch über zu schreiben
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik heb besloten [(om) er op vakantje een boek over te schrijven].
Glosses: Ich habe beschlossen (für) es im Urlaub ein Buch über zu schreiben
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ik heb besloten [er volgens Piet een boek over te schrijven].
Glosses: Ich habe beschlossen es nach Piet ein Buch über zu schreiben
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik heb je gezegd me te SCHRIJven .
Glosses: Ich habe dir gesagt mir zu schreiben
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik heb je gevraagd of je me wilt SCHRIJven .
Glosses: Ich habe dich gefragt ob du mir willst schreiben
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik heb je gevraagd om me te SCHRIJven .
Glosses: Ich habe dich gefragt um mir zu schreiben
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik wou [zijn vriendin]_definit [een keer]_indefinit ontmoeten .
Glosses: Ich wollte seine Freundin ein Mal treffen
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hij wou [die keer]_definit [een vriendin]_indefinit ontmoeten .
Glosses: Er wollte dieses Mal eine Freundin treffen
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Geef de boeken dan nu toch maar eens een keertje hier .
Glosses: Gib die Bücher dann nun sicher nur einmal ein Mal her
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zijn we morgen vrij dan gaan we uit .
Glosses: Wenn wir morgen frei dann gehen wir aus
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Waarom dan ?
Glosses: warum denn
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wil je even in de spiegel kijken ?
Glosses: Willst du mal in den Spiegel gucken
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kom even hier .
Glosses: Komm kurz her
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik zal dat (dan) maar (eens) in orde brengen .
Glosses: Ich werde das MP MP MP in Ordnung bringen
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik zal dat wel in orde brengen .
Glosses: Ich werde das MP in Ordnung bringen
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ik ga morgen naar Amsterdam . Ben jij daar dan óók ?
Glosses: Ich gehe morgen nach Amsterdam Bist du dort dann auch
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Zhāngsān shuì-jiào shàng-lóu
Glosses: _ VP_2 VP_1
Translation: John went upstairs to sleep.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ich festhalte die .
Glosses: 我 紧-握 他们
Translation: 想说：我紧紧地握住了。