lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marii1 było żal { swojej1 / jej1} koleżanki .
Glosses: Maria.DAT was.3SG.N sorrow.3SG.M _ self.POSS _ her friend.GEN.F
Translation: Maria felt sorry for her female friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marii1 spodobała się {?* swoja_1 / jej1} nowa sukienka .
Glosses: Maria.DAT liked REFL _ self.POSS _ her new dress.NOM
Translation: Maria liked her new dress.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Nowakom2] spodobała się [ nowa książka ( Kowalskich1) o sobie1 ,2]
Glosses: _ Nowaks.DAT liked REFL _ new book.NOM _ Kowalskis.POSS about self
Translation: The Nowaks liked the new book (by the Kowalskis) about themselves/them.
Language: German
Transcription: Die Mutter_i lässt [vP die Kleine_j { sich ?i/j / ihri/*j} die Schokolade in den Mund stecken].
Glosses: the mother lets _ the little-one _ self _ her the chocolate in the mouth stick
Translation: The mother lets the little girl stick the chocolate in her mouth.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mama_2 pokazała Marii_1 ją1/2 ( w lustrze).
Glosses: mother showed Mary.DAT her.ACC _ in mirror
Translation: Intended: `Mother showed her to Maria (in the mirror).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mama_2 pokazała Marię_1 jej1/2 ( w lustrze).
Glosses: mother showed Mary.ACC her.DAT _ in mirror
Translation: Intended: `Mother showed Maria to her (in the mirror).
Language: Polish
Transcription: Jan1 zobaczył { siebie1 /* jego1}.
Glosses: Jan noticed _ self.ACC _ him.ACC
Translation: Jan noticed himself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jan pokazał Marii jej zdjęcie .
Glosses: Jan showed Maria her picture
Translation: Jan showed Maria her picture.
Language: Mohawk
Transcription: Jan1 pokazał jej2 dyplom koleżance Marii2 .
Glosses: Jan.NOM showed her.ACC diploma.ACC friend.DAT Maria’s.DAT
Translation: Intended: `Jan showed her diploma to Marta’s friend.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Njegovi najnoviji film je zaista razočarao Kusturicui .
Glosses: his latest movie is really disappointed Kusturica . 
Translation: Intended: `His new movie really dissapointed Kusturica.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Kusturicini najnoviji film gai je zaista razočarao .
Glosses: Kusturica’s latest movie him is really disappointed
Translation: Intended: `Kusturica's new movie really dissapointed him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jegoi siostra bardzo pocieszyła Jankai .
Glosses: his sister.NOM very comfort.PAST Janek.ACC
Translation: Intended: `His sister comforted John very much.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Siostra Jankai bardzo goi pocieszyła .
Glosses: sister.NOM Janek.GEN very him.ACC comfort.PAST
Translation: Janek’s sister comforted him very much.
Language: Polish
Transcription: [NP jego [NP siostra]]
Glosses: _ his.GEN _ sister.NOM
Translation: his sister
Language: Polish
Transcription: [FP[NP siostra][F' F0 [PossP[NP Janka][Poss' Poss0 [NP siostra]]]]]
Glosses: _ sister.NOM _ _ Janek.GEN _ _ sister.NOM
Translation: Janek’s sister
Language: Polish
Transcription: Jan wysłał ( Marii) paczkę już wczoraj .
Glosses: Jan sent _ Maria.DAT package.ACC already yesterday
Translation: Jan sent Maria a package yesterday.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Jan powierzył Marię * ( jej patronowi) już wczoraj .
Glosses: Jan entrusted Maria.ACC _ _ her patron.DAT already yesterday
Translation: Jan entrusted Maria to her patron yesterday.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Beethoven dał światu Czwartą Symfonię .
Glosses: Beethoven gave world Fourth Symphony
Translation: Beethoven gave the world the Fourth Symphony.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Beethoven dał Czwartą Symfonię światu .
Glosses: Beethoven gave Fourth Symphony world
Translation: Beethoven gave the Fourth Symphony to the world.
Language: Slovenian
Transcription: Tat_2 je vrnil [ vsakemu oškodovancu]1 [ svoj1 ,2 avto].
Glosses: thief_j AUX return.PAST _ each.DAT victim.DAT _ his.ACC car.ACC
Translation: The thief returned every victim his car.'/ `The thief returned every victim his (the thief's) car.
Language: Slovenian
Transcription: Jan1 pokazał Marii2 { swoje1/*2 / jej2} zdjęcie .
Glosses: Jan showed Maria.DAT _ self.POSS _ her picture.ACC
Translation: Jan showed Maria her picture.
Language: Slovenian
Transcription: Jan1 pokazał Marię2 { swojej1/*2 / jej2} przełożonej .
Glosses: Jan showed Maria.ACC _ self.POSS _ her supervisor.DAT
Translation: Jan showed Maria to her supervisor.
Language: Slovenian
Transcription: Król1 podporządkował giermka2 { swojemu1/*2 / jego2} rycerzowi .
Glosses: king subordinated page.ACC _ self.POSS _ his knight.DAT
Translation: The king subordinated the page to his knight.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Król1 podporządkował rycerzowi2 { swojego1/*2 / jego2} giermka .
Glosses: king subordinated knight.DAT _ self.POSS _ his page.ACC
Translation: The king subordinated his page to the knight.
Language: English
Transcription: Jan1 złamał Tomkowi2 {* swoją2 / jego2} ulubioną kredkę .
Glosses: Jan.NOM broke Tomek.DAT _ self.POSS _ his favourite colour-pencil.ACC
Language: English
Transcription: Maria1 wybiła _ Tomkowi2 {* swoją2 / jego2} nową złotą plombę .
Glosses: Maria.NOM knocked out Tomek.DAT _ self.POSS _ his new golden filling.ACC
Translation: Maria knocked out Tomek’s new golden filling.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marii pokazano {* swoją / jej} nową koleżankę .
Glosses: Maria.DAT shown.IMPRS _ self.POSS _ her new friend.ACC
Translation: Maria was shown her new friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria1 żałuje siebie1 ( samej).
Glosses: Maria.NOM feels-pity self.GEN _ alone
Translation: Maria feels pity for herself.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria1 żałuje { swojej1 / * jej1} koleżanki .
Glosses: Maria.NOM feels-pity _ self.POSS _ _ her friend
Translation: Maria feels pity for her friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marii nudziło się w { swoim / jej} domu .
Glosses: Maria.DAT bored.3.SG.NEUT REFL in _ self’s _ her home.LOC
Translation: Maria was bored at home.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Marii złamał się długopis .
Glosses: Maria.DAT broke REFL pen.NOM
Translation: Maria broke a pen.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Marii złamał się długopis Marka .
Glosses: Maria.DAT broke REFL pen.NOM Mark.GEN
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Marii podoba się długopis Marka .
Glosses: Maria.DAT appeal REFL pen.NOM Mark.GEN
Translation: Mark’s pen appeals to Maria.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marii było żal długopisu Marka .
Glosses: Maria.DAT was.3.SG.NEUT sorrow pen Marek.GEN
Translation: Maria was sorry about Mark’s pen.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Mne zal’ sebja .
Glosses: me.DAT sorry self.ACC
Translation: Intended: `I feel sorry for myself.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Mne nadoedaet svoj ucebnik .
Glosses: me.DAT bore.3.SG self’s textbook.NOM
Translation: Intended: `My textbook bores me.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Mne dosazdaet svoj brat .
Glosses: me.DAT vex.3.SG self’s brother
Translation: My brother vexes me.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Maria1 podobała się sobie1 w lustrze .
Glosses: Maria.NOM appealed REFL self.DAT in mirror
Translation: Maria appealed to herself in the mirror.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria1 podobała się { swojemu1 / * jej1} koledze z ławki .
Glosses: Maria.NOM appealed REFL _ self.POSS _ _ her friend.DAT from school.desk
Translation: Maria appealed to her school desk friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Marii1 podobał się {* swój1 / jej1} kolega z ławki .
Glosses: Maria.DAT liked REFL _ self’s _ her friend.NOM from school.desk
Translation: Her school desk friend appealed to Maria.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Janowi1 spodobały się listy od { swoich1 / jego1} fanek .
Glosses: Jan.DAT liked REFL letters from _ self’s _ his fans
Translation: Letters from his fans appealed to Jan.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mi1 się swój1 głos podoba .
Glosses: Me REFL my voice like
Language: Polish
Transcription: Marii_1 dokuczał {* swój_1 / jej_1} kolega z ławki .
Glosses: Maria.DAT teased _ self’s _ her friend.NOM from school.desk
Translation: Her school desk friend teased to Maria.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Janowi_1 szkodziły listy od {? swoich_1 / jego_1} fanek .
Glosses: Jan.DAT harmed letters from _ self’s _ his fans
Translation: Letters from his fans harmed Jan.
Language: Italian
Transcription: A loro importa solo di se_stessi
Glosses: to them matters only of themselves
Translation: They matter only to themselves.
Language: Italian
Transcription: A loro interessano solo se_stessi
Glosses: to them interest only themselves
Translation: Intended: `They have interest only in themselves.
Language: Polish
Transcription: [NP swoja [NP siostra]]
Glosses: _ self.POSS _ sister.NOM
Translation: self's sister
Language: Polish
Transcription: Janowi nie spodobała się {* swoja / jego} siostra .
Glosses: Jan.DAT not appleal REFL _ self.POSS _ his sister.NOM
Translation: His sister did not appeal to Jan.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Ta recenzja książki mojego brata_1 zupełnie go_1 załamała .
Glosses: this review.NOM of-book my brother’s completely him.ACC devastated
Translation: This review of my brother’s book devastated him completely.
Language: Polish
Transcription: Maria_1 kazała Piotrowi_2 patrzeć na { siebie_1_ ,_2 / * niego_2 / nią_1}.
Glosses: Maria.NOM told Piotr.DAT look.INF at _ self _ _ him / her
Translation: Maria told Piotr to look at himself/her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wa3ko3n-a1-Ø-wa2 .
Glosses: work-1-PRS-EXCL-IMPF
Translation: I am working.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wa3ko3n-a1-ti2 .tu3-wa2
Glosses: work-1-SHRD-IMPF
Translation: (You and I see that) I am working
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bapá bope-ápɨ
Glosses: plate break-REC.PAST.NON3.VISUAL
Translation: I broke the plate (of my own will, e.g., because I was angry).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bapá bope-ásɨ
Glosses: plate break-REC.PAST.NON3.NONVISUAL
Translation: I broke the plate accidentally (I didn't see it on the table).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: da-ché-w=la
Glosses: pulling-seize-PRF=PERSONAL.AGENCY
Translation: I caught it.’ (I know because I did it)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ji ana wanā
Glosses: 1S.ABS there go.EGO
Translation: I went there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cha ana wanā lā
Glosses: 2S.ABS there go.EGO INTERR
Translation: Did you go there?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jĩ: jyā yān-ā
Glosses: 1.ERG work do-PST.EGO
Translation: I did the work.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ji mhiga then-a
Glosses: 1.ABS yesterday arrive-PFV.ALLO
Translation: I arrived yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jĩ: thul-a
Glosses: 1.ERG understand-PFV.ALLO
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kwisa-té na-nuk-kú
Glosses: dance-IMPF SPKR.ASYM-be.LOC-1S
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kwisa-té ni-nuk-kú
Glosses: dance-IMPF SPKR.SYM-be.LOC-1S
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nas hanchibé sha-kwísa=tuk-(k)u
Glosses: 1SG.IND good ADR.ASYM-dance=be.LOC-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kwisa-té shi-ba-lox
Glosses: dance-IMPF ADR.SYM-2SG-be.LOC
Translation: You are/were dancing(?)’ (confirming)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: para-sha-n=mi
Glosses: rain-PROG-3=MI
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: para-sha-n=chá .
Glosses: rain-PROG-3=CHÁ
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: para-sha-n=si .
Glosses: rain-PROG-3=SI
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: unqu-sqa-chá ka-sha-n-man
Glosses: sick-PRT-CONJ be-PROG-3-COND
Translation: She may be sick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: unqu-sqa-chus hina ka-sha-n-man
Glosses: sick-PRT-RES _ be-PROG-3-COND
Translation: She appears to be sick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tamya-w=mi
Glosses: rain-PROG=MI
Translation: It is raining’ [uttered while observing the rain]. [el_21092014_01 003]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Cesar] minga-ma=mi ri-shka
Glosses: [Cesar] collective.work-DAT=MI go-ANT
Translation: [Cesar] went to the minga’ [the speaker has just arrived at C’s home. C. is not there, it’s the day of the minga, and the speaker knows C. always participates in community events] [el_21092014_01 051]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ñuka yaya sham-u=mi yachi-n
Glosses: 1SG father come-PROG=MI seem-3
Translation: It seems my father is coming.’ [speaker hears footsteps outside, and was expecting his father to come] [el_21092014_01 035]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: rima-wa-nun Saida ungu-shka=mi siri-k ni-sha
Glosses: say-1OBJ-3PL NAME fall.ill-ANT=MI stay-NMLZ say-COREF
Translation: They tell me Saida is ill.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lluki pura-ma=mi ri-n lluki-pura-ma
Glosses: left side-DAT=MI go-3 left-side-DAT
Translation: [the seed] goes to the left, to the left’ [el_03102014_01 076]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tamia-shka=cha
Glosses: rain-ANT=CHA
Translation: Intended meaning: ‘It rained/It must have rained’ [speaker haven’t seen the rain, but sees the ground is wet] [elicited]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tamia-shka=cha
Glosses: rain-ANT=CHA
Translation: Has it rained? / It has rained, hasn’t it?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: chi-raygu=cha kay isla-ma=ga alli
Glosses: D.DEM-CAUSAL=CHA P.DEM shore-DAT=TOP good
Translation: That would be why [the soil] is good on this shore’ [in_01082013_02 094]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ima shuti-ta=cha Shangri=cha ni-k-kuna a-ka=y
Glosses: what name-ACC=CHA NAME=CHA say-NMLZ-PL AUX-PST=EMPH
Translation: What was his name, I think they called him Shangri…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ñuka shuti an=mi Karolina
Glosses: 1SG name be=MI NAME
Translation: My name is Karolina.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ima shuti=mi
Glosses: what name=MI
Translation: What’s her name?’ [asking about the name of a third person.] [in_20092013_03 216]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: yaya yachi-n , pay-pa yaya
Glosses: father-3 seem-3 3SG-GEN father
Translation: It seems [he is the] father, his father…’ [el_18092014_02 028]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: yaya yachi-n , pay-pa yaya=cha
Glosses: father seem-3 3SG-GEN father=CHA
Translation: It seems [he is the] father, isn’t he his father?/is he his father?’ [elicited]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana yacha-ni ima=ta=cha ra-nga ra-w-n
Glosses: NEG know-1 what=INT=CHA do-FUT AUX-PROG-3
Translation: I don’t know, what will he do…’ [about the boy in the “Pear story”] [in_24092014_01 026]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: may-ma=cha ri-nun payguna payguna wasi-ma ri-nun yachi-n
Glosses: where-DAT=CHA go-3PL 3PL 3PL house-DAT go-3PL seem-3
Translation: Where are they going. It seems they are going home…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana ñuka ushi=chu , ñuka warmi=mi / #warmi
Glosses: NEG 1SG daughter=Q/NEG 1SG woman=MI / #woman
Translation: [She is] not my daughter, [she is] my wife.’ [elicited]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana atari-ka=chu tia-nuka=lla=mi
Glosses: NEG get.up-PST=Q/NEG be-3PL.PST=LIM=MI
Translation: [(S)he] didn't stand up, they just sat [there]’ [el_24112014_01 041]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ayaj=cha panga
Glosses: bitter=CHA leaf
Translation: [is it a] bitter leaf?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ayaj=tá
Glosses: bitter=TÁ
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: shindzi waska=cha
Glosses: strong string=CHA
Translation: [Is] the string strong?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: shindzi=mi
Glosses: strong=MI
Translation: [It is] strong’ [in_20092013_01 186-87]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mana usha-ni
Glosses: NEG can-1
Translation: I cannot [make chicha]!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: usha-ngui=mi
Glosses: can-2=MI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: muyu-ta piti-w-n… ima… coco ... mana coco=mi [a-n] ni-ni ... coco=cha ...
Glosses: fruit-ACC cut-PROG-3 what coconut NEG coconut=MI [COP-3] say-1 coconut=CHA
Translation: He is cutting [harvesting] fruit….what…[It’s a] coconut…No, I said “coconut”… [but is it a] coconut?’ [el_24092014_03 003-5]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: de-de kaʁa q̵war-ada .
Glosses: 1SG-ERG paper write-PFV_ASSINV
Translation: I wrote a letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: me-de / hu-s̱w-e / hu-λ̱-e kaʁa q̵war-ari
Glosses: 2SG-ERG / DEM-O_M-ERG / DEM-O_F-ERG paper write-PFV
Translation: You / he / she wrote a letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: me-de čũda kaʁa q̵war-ada ?
Glosses: 2SG-ERG when paper write-PFV_ASSINV
Translation: When did you write a letter?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: de-de / hu-s̱w-e / hu-λ̱-e čũda kaʁa q̵war-ari ?
Glosses: 1SG-ERG / DEM-O_M-ERG / DEM-O_F-ERG when paper write-PFV
Translation: When did I / he / she write a letter?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ha ĩgora de-de magazi-gune b-eχ-e j-eq’-ada .
Glosses: DEM bread 1SG-ERG shop-EL N-buy-CVB F-come-PFV^ASSINV
Translation: I brought this bread from the shop.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ilo-de_i eƛ̱’-iri waša-s̱u-ga , ha ĩgora ĩ-λ̱-e_i magazi-gune b-eχ-e j-eq’-ada .
Glosses: mother_o-ERG tell-IRR boy-O_M-LAT DEM bread ANA-O_F-ERG shop-EL N-buy-CVB F-come-PFV_ASSINV
Translation: The mother told the boy that she had brought this bread from the shop.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: de-de čũda eƛ̱’-ari ha-be ?
Glosses: 1SG-ERG when say-PFV DEM-N
Translation: 1. ‘When did I say that?’ – I don’t remember, perhaps you do (true question)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ji pyān-ā
Glosses: 1.ABS be.wet-PST.CJ
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jī: (tha:-yāta) pyā-k-ā
Glosses: 1.ERG (self-DAT) be.wet-CAUS-PST.CJ
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ka-roko , e , no ame hutia
Glosses: be/stand-SW.SIM hesitation 1SG father come.PFV.VIS.P
Translation: Being there, my father came (according to my visual evidence).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Keni hutia=pe ?
Glosses: PSN come.PFV.VIS.P=Q
Translation: Has Kenny come? (according to your visual evidence?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Rodni kho ayu hutia ri-tia
Glosses: PSN 3SG now/today come.PFV.VIS.P say-PFV.VIS.P
Translation: [Someone] said Rodney came today (according to their visual evidence).’ (, from and field notes)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na-nga wanya ly-ab
Glosses: 1SG-GEN hat get-OPT:1SG
Translation: I want to get my hat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ekepu aku-na kamukamu nyi-k ti-ng ul na pily-ab
Glosses: now that-LOC final say-NF:2/3PL do-2/3PL:PRF thing I hear-OPT:1SG
Translation: Now I want to hear your (PL) final determination’ [lit: …hear the thing that you have said finally].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ab ilyi ly-ab
Glosses: woman this get-OPT:1SG
Translation: I want to marry this woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na lku suku w-ab-i
Glosses: I house inside come-OPT:1SG-Q
Translation: Can I come into the house?’, ‘Is it o.k. with you for me to come into the house?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: s-ab mola mol
Glosses: give-OPT:1SG or no
Translation: Shall I give [it to you] or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na-nga mai aprali te-k lyi-ng-lum na tena p-ab
Glosses: 1SG-GEN ground seize do-NF:2/3PL get-PRF:2/3PL-COND I where go-OPT:1SG
Translation: If they take my land, where I am supposed to go? [i.e. where do you propose that I go?].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ab obi-nga aki te-pa suku pe-lym na to-p pilyi-lyo enebu to-kum pilyi-kir-ayl mel-ayl ti te-ab mel nar
Glosses: woman penis-GEN that do-NF:3SG inside be/lie-HAB:3SG I hit/do-NF:1SG know-HAB:1SG tiredness hit/be-PPR:3SG know-PPR:1SG-DEF thing-DEF another do-OPT:1SG thing what
Translation: When a woman has sex with a man that's how it is, I know; I'm an expert at it. I know it’s tiring, but what else can I do?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ab ilyi ly-ab-i
Glosses: woman this get-OPT:1SG-Q
Translation: Do you want me to marry this woman?’, ‘Are you expecting me to marry this woman?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nok so leg mi kē .
Glosses: 1SG PROSP marry with 3SG
Translation: I <Prosp> marry her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nok so leg mi kē ?
Glosses: 1SG PROSP marry with 3SG
Translation: I <Prosp> marry her?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ma tena pu-m
Glosses: mommy where go-PRF:3SG
Translation: Where did [your] mommy go?’ (Said by a father to his 2½ year old son)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tata uj me-ba o-kum
Glosses: daddy wood carry-NF:3SG come-PPR:3SG
Translation: [Your] daddy is bringing firewood.’ (Said by a mother to her 3-year old daughter).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ana apu tupily
Glosses: same.sex.sibling carry.on.shoulder hit/do:OPT:3SG
Translation: Let your sister carry you on her shoulder.’ (Said by woman to her 2½ year old niece)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: papa=o nu ur nai-kin pin ?
Glosses: daddy=VOC 2SG sleep who-COM be/lie:PRF:2SG
Translation: Daddy [i.e., daughter], with whom did you have a sleepover?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: angkol=o nu pu-ni mola mol
Glosses: uncle=VOC 2SG go-FUT:3SG or no
Translation: Uncle [i.e. niece], are you going or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: papa e mel kuduyl ilyi kana-kin-i
Glosses: daddy hey thing red this see-PPR:2SG-Q
Translation: Hey Daddy [i.e., son], do you see this red thing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ep na-nga oma mari tuju-ni ?
Glosses: now 1SG-GEN fish some hit:BEN-FUT:2SG
Translation: Now will you catch some fish for me?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: toju-ba-yl
Glosses: hit:BEN-FUT:3SG-DEF
Translation: Indeed she will.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: e ? a na-nga papa-n…
Glosses: really ? oh 1SG-GEN daddy-ERG
Translation: Really? Oh, my ‘daddy’ [i.e., daughter] [will catch some]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kar-na p-abiyl wa ! kar !
Glosses: truck-LOC go-OPT:1DU come:IMP:SG truck
Translation: Come, let’s you and me go in the car! The car!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wa
Glosses: come:IMP:SG
Translation: Come!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ana kola naa ti=o nya
Glosses: same.sex.sibling cry not do:JUS=VOC say:IMP:SG
Translation: Tell your brother not to cry
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ana kola naa ti=o
Glosses: same.sex.sibling cry not do:JUS=VOC
Translation: Brother don’t cry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kali p-abiyl=o
Glosses: kalyke go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go to Kailge.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalyke p-abiyl=o
Glosses: Kailge go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go to Kailge.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sispop ly-abiyl p-abiyl=o
Glosses: cheesepop get-OPT:2DU go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go get some cheesepops.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sispop-ti n-abiyl
Glosses: cheesepop-IDF eat-OPT:2DU
Translation: Let’s eat a cheesepop.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: p-abiyl
Glosses: go-OPT:2DU
Translation: Let’s go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: p-abiyl=o
Glosses: go-OPT:2DU=VOC
Translation: Let’s go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kola naa ti=o
Glosses: cry not do:JUS=VOC
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: pike naa ti
Glosses: bighead not do:JUS
Translation: Don’t be a bighead (disobedient).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lku suku w-ab-i
Glosses: house inside come-OPT:1SG-Q
Translation: Do you want to come into the house?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nu ku mare pe-nsi molt-i
Glosses: 2SG stone/money some be/lie-CAUS be/stay:HAB:2SG-Q
Translation: Do you have any money?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: al na-n sib-ayl
Glosses: that:ENDO:DEF 1SG-ERG give:FUT:1SG-DEF
Translation: I’ll give it [to you].
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: naa lyi-nsi-bu-e
Glosses: not take-BEN-FUT:1SG-Q
Translation: Oh, so you’re not going to take it [for yourself].
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti lyi-bu
Glosses: one take-FUT:1SG
Translation: I’ll take one [coin].
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti pe-lym-ja
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE
Translation: Maybe one is there.
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti pe-lym-jaaaa
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE
Translation: Maaaaybe one is there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ti pe-lym-ja kan-ui
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE see/look-JUS
Translation: Maybe one is there. Look.
Language: Khengkha
Transcription: ti pe-lym-iyl
Glosses: one be/lie-HAB:3SG-DEF
Translation: One is indeed there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kan-kun-i
Glosses: see/look-PPR:2SG-Q
Translation: You see?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mare pe-lym-ja kan-abil
Glosses: some be/lie-HAB:3SG-MAYBE see-OPT:1DU
Translation: Maybe some is there; let’s (you and I) see.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma/aharemen̊ kai-fim̊=ta ?
Glosses: today 1SG/1PL eat.CNV-PRF.EGO=Q
Translation: Have I/we eaten today?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma/aharemen̊ kai-fim̊
Glosses: today 1SG/1PL eat.CNV-PRF.EGO
Translation: I/we have eaten today.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu kalē/kalēmen̊ kai-fim̊=ta ?
Glosses: today 2SG/2PL eat.CNV-PRF.EGO=Q
Translation: Have you eaten today?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu kalē/kalēmen̊ kai-fi
Glosses: today 2SG/2PL eat.CNV-PRF.ALTER
Translation: You have eaten today.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ēnā/emīhun̊ kai-fi=ta ?
Glosses: today 3SG/3PL eat.CNV-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Has (s)he/have they eaten today?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ēnā/emīhun̊ kai-fi
Glosses: today 3SG/3PL eat.CNV-PRF.ALTER
Translation: (S)he has/they have eaten today.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalē bēnum̊ nu=vi=yas kalē-ge zamīru kuran̊ bēnun̊_ve=gen̊ kalē ti=kam̊ kurāne . kale=akī vakīl-ek̊̊. ēnā-ge furāna salāmat̊_kuran̊ kalē masakkat̊ kurāne
Glosses: 2SG want NEG=be.PST.PTCP=CNCS 2SG-GEN conscience do.INF want_be.CVB=SUCC 2SG DEM2=action do.FUT.ALTER 2SG=COP lawyer-INDF 3SG-GEN life safety_do.INF 2SG work do.FUT.ALTER
Translation: Even if you don’t want to, because your conscience wants to do [that], you will do that. You are a lawyer. You will work to save his life.’ (from <www.esfiya.com/1849/>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ekamaku balā_bala… aharen̊ moya kam-ek̊ kura-m̊=ta ? nūnī duvah-aku=ves kuri-m̊=ta ?
Glosses: but look.CVB_IMP 1SG crazy action-INDF do.PRS-EGO=Q or day-UNSP=EMPH do.PST-EGO=Q
Translation: But look…do I do anything crazy? Or did [I] ever do [anything crazy]?’ (from <www.vaguthu.mv/evaguthu/story/210155/>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aharen̊ ja^[m]burōl-ek̊ naga-m̊=ta ?
Glosses: 1SG rose.apple-INDF take.PRS-EGO=Q
Translation: Can I take a rose apple?’ (from <www.dhiggaru.com/946>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma kai-fi=ta ?
Glosses: today 1SG eat.CVB-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Have I eaten today?’ (addressee-directed) (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miadu ma kai-fim̊=ta ?
Glosses: today 1SG eat.CVB-PRF.EGO=Q
Translation: Have I eaten today?’ (self-directed) (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mamma kai-fim̊=ta ? kobā Shihānā=āi donta ? emīhun̊ kai-fi=ta ?
Glosses: mother eat.CVB-PRF.EGO=Q where Shihaanaa=CONJ sister 3PL eat.CVB-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Has mother [=addressee] eaten? Where are Shihaanaa and sister? Have they eaten?’(from <http://vnews.mv/517>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mamma kai-fi=ta ?
Glosses: mother eat.CVB-PRF.ALTER=Q
Translation: Has mother eaten?’ (not directed at mother) (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kurin̊ duvah-aku=ves mamma e=ge-aṣ̊ diya-im̊
Glosses: earlier day-UNSP=EMPH mother DEM3=house-DAT go.PST-EGO
Translation: The other day as well mother [=speaker] went to that house.’ (from <www.dhivehivaahaka.com/read/601>)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ma bunī ma Māle diya-im=ē
Glosses: 1SG say.PST.FOC 1SG Malé go.PST-EGO=QUOT
Translation: I said that I went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ma bunī kalē Māle diya=yē
Glosses: 1SG say.PST.FOC 2SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: I said that you went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ma bunī ēnā Māle diya=yē
Glosses: 1SG say.PST.FOC 3SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: I said that (s)he went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalē bunī ma Māle diya=yē
Glosses: 2SG say.PST.FOC 1SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: You said that I went to Malé’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalē bunī kalē Māle diya-im=ē
Glosses: 2SG say.PST.FOC 2SG Malé go.PST-EGO=QUOT
Translation: You said that you went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalē bunī ēnā Māle diya=yē
Glosses: 2SG say.PST.FOC 3SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: You said that (s)he went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali bunī ma Māle diya=yē
Glosses: Ali say.PST.FOC 1SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: Ali said that I went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali bunī kalē Māle diya=yē
Glosses: Ali say.PST.FOC 2SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: Ali said that you went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali bunī ēnā Māle diya-im=ē
Glosses: Ali say.PST.FOC 3SG Malé go.PST-EGO=QUOT
Translation: Ali_i said that he_i went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali bunī ēnā Māle diya=yē
Glosses: Ali say.PST.FOC 3SG Malé go.PST-ALTER=QUOT
Translation: Ali_i said that (s)he_j went to Malé.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maumūn̊ amilla-aṣ̊ bunī timannā 30 aharu verikam̊ koṣ̊-fīm=ē
Glosses: Maumoon self-ADVZ say.PST.FOC LOG 30 year rulership do.CVB-PRF.EGO=QUOT
Translation: Maumoon_i himself said that he_i had ruled for 30 years.’ (adapted from )
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: manikufānu=eve ! qānūnu_asāsī galu_aḷā=fai_ot̊ duvas_varu manikufānu vidāḷu_vī-mu=eve .
Glosses: excellency=END law_basis stone_put.down.CVB=SUCC_lie.PST.PTCP day_amount excellency say.HHON_be.PST-1/2=END
Translation: Your excellency! In the days when the [preparation of the] constitution had stalled [lit. ‘had been hooked on a rock’], your excellency said [it].’ (A. Gnanadesikan, pers. comm.; originally from Haama Daily online newspaper, 2010)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tiyabaimīhun̊ timannāmen̊-ge gedor-aṣ̊ vade_gane h̤amalā_dī e=tan̊∼tan̊ halāku kos̊-fīmu=eve .
Glosses: 2PL LOG.PL-GEN house-DAT enter.CVB_take.CVB attack_give.CVB DEM3=place∼REDUP damage do.CVB-PRF.1/2=END
Translation: You people have come to our homes, attacked, and damaged them.’ (A. Gnanadesikan, pers. comm.; originally from Haama Daily online newspaper, 2010)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aharen̊ e=ge-aṣ̊ diyai-mu
Glosses: 1SG DEM3=house-DAT go.PST-1/2
Translation: I went to that house.’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aharen̊(‑ge)/ēnā(‑ge) at-un̊ doru leppunu
Glosses: 1SG(-GEN)/3SG(-GEN) hand-INS door close.IN.PST
Translation: I/(s)he closed the door (accidentally).’ (adapted from Cain & Gair 2000: 58)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *aharen̊ doru leppi
Glosses: 1SG door close.PST.ALTER
Translation: I closed the door (accidentally).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mirē i^nba kām̊=te ?
Glosses: tonight 2SG eat.FUT.EGO=Q
Translation: Will you eat tonight?’ (elicited)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mirē i^nba kāḷa
Glosses: tonight 2SG eat.FUT.ALTER
Translation: You will eat tonight.’ (elicited)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tíi áa báaṭ uc̣h-i ba ǰhandra-í the uṛíit-u so múṛ-u
Glosses: 3SG.REM.OBL INDF stone lift-CVB TOP snake-OBL to let.go.PFV-MSG 3.SG.REM.NOM die.PFV-MSG
Translation: [This happened to my brother, I saw it:]‘He took a stone and threw it at the snake. It died.’ (PHL-TMAQ-NH:174–175)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tíi áa báaṭ uc̣h-í ba ǰhandra-í the uṛíit-u hín-u ta so múṛ-u hín-u
Glosses: 3SG.REM.OBL INDF stone lift-CVB TOP snake-OBL to let.go.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG SUB 3SG.REM.NOM die.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: [This happened to my brother, and he told me:]‘He took a stone and threw it at the snake. It died.’ (PHL-TMAQ-NH:179–180)
Language: Palula
Transcription: áa deés táa ɡúum ta , máathe qisá th-íil-u
Glosses: one day there.REM go.PFV.MSG SUB 1SG.DAT story do-PFV-MSG
Translation: One day I went there, and [he] told me a story.’ (PHL-Hunter:009)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tasíi yéei taste áak ṭíki th-íil-i hín-i kaṭamúš ṭíki ḍóok-a pharé ɡhaṇḍ-í sóon-a dúši ɡúum hín-u
Glosses: 3SG.GEN mother 3SG.DAT INDF bread.cake do-PFV-F be.PRS-F Katamosh bread.cake back-OBL along tie-CVB pasture-OBL toward go.PFV.MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: His mother made a cake of bread for him. Katamosh tied the bread to his back and set out to the high pastures.’ (PHL-Katamosh:009-010)
Language: Palula
Transcription: anɡóor ǰeel-í táa pačaá kh-ainií široó th-íil-u široó th-íil-u ta tíi maǰí áa ǰhaṭíl-u ṭhaaṭáaku yh-óol-u
Glosses: fire light-CVB there.REM cook.CVB eat-INF starting do-PFV-MSG starting do-PFV-MSG SUB 3SG.REM.OBL in INDF hairy-MSG ogre come-PFV-MSG
Translation: When he had made a fire, he cooked the meat and started eating. Meanwhile, a ṭhaaṭáaku suddenly appeared.’ (PHL-Thaataaku:004-005)
Language: Palula
Transcription: ma nis aáǰ kh-úum ta rhootašíi-a ba kanáa bh-úum
Glosses: 1SG.NOM 3SG.PROX.ACC today eat-1SG SUB morning-OBL TOP what become-1SG
Translation: If I eat it today, what should I then do tomorrow?’ (PHL-HunterMonkey:005)
Language: Palula
Transcription: uth-í maníit-u hín-u ki eé lhéṇḍu ɡóoi yh-óol-u ma tu kha-áan-u , muṣṭú ma thíi ráat pil-áan-u théeba ma thíi lhéṇḍ-i kakaríi čap-áan-u
Glosses: stand.up-CVB say.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG COMP o bald(M) where.from come-PFV-MSG 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM eat-PRS-MSG first 1SG.NOM 2SG.GEN blood drink-PRS-MSG then 1SG.NOM 2SG.GEN bald-F scalp gnaw-PRS-MSG
Translation: I will eat you. First I will drink your blood, and then I will gnaw on your bald scalp.’ (PHL-Katamosh:030–032)
Language: Palula
Transcription: faríd teeṇíi ɡhooṣṭ-á hín-u
Glosses: Farid REFL house-OBL be.PRS-MSG
Translation: Farid is at home [I was there and saw him].’ (PHL-20157027-elic:007)
Language: Palula
Transcription: faríd teeṇíi ɡhooṣṭ-á hóons-a
Glosses: Farid REFL house-OBL be-3SG
Translation: Farid is at home [he is usually at this time].’ (PHL-20157027-elic:008)
Language: Palula
Transcription: so ba maidóon-a=wée be ba áa khur raál the ba kar kar kar gír-a koó hín-ee yh-óoi thaní
Glosses: 3MSG.NOM TOP field-OBL=into go.CVB TOP one foot High do.CVB TOP around around around turn-3SG who be.PRS-MPL.Q come-IMP.PL QUOT
Translation: He was spinning around and around in the field, holding up one leg, [and he was calling out, saying,]“Is there anyone here [brave enough]? Come on!”’ (PHL-JangibazKhan:037–038)
Language: Palula
Transcription: ɡhrast-á karáaṛ-a asíi xiaál ki ɡóo mheer-íl-u heentá kh-óol-u thaní
Glosses: wolf-OBL leopard-OBL 1PL.GEN opinion COMP maybe kill-PFV-MSG CONDL eat-PFV-MSG QUOT
Translation: We thought that perhaps a leopard or a wolf had killed and eaten him.’ (PHL-GhaziSamad:011)
Language: Palula
Transcription: áak šúma ṭeek-íl-u ée kúṛi thíi míiš-i paaṇṭí ṣ-éel-i hín-i tu míiš ba na
Glosses: INDF parrot.OBL call-PFV-MSG o woman 2SG.GEN man-GEN clothes dress-PFV-F be.PRS-F 2SG.NOM man TOP NEG
Translation: A parrot called out: “O woman, you have dressed like a man, but you are not a man.’ (PHL-WiseMinister:012-013)
Language: Palula
Transcription: búd-a hín-a ki phaí wíi-a ɡíi thaní
Glosses: understand.PFV-MPL be.PRS-MPL COMP girl water-OBL go.PFV.FSG QUOT
Translation: They understood that the girl must have thrown herself into the water.’ (PHL-ShepherdBoy:060)
Language: Palula
Transcription: miír thaní áak míiš heens-íl-u de
Glosses: Mir QUOT INDF man exist-PFV-MSG PST
Translation: There was a man called Mir.’ (PHL-GhaziSamad:051)
Language: Palula
Transcription: dac̣h-áan-u ta eeteeṇ-ú=ee áak šay yh-óol-u maní maaxustán de maní áa šay yh-óol-u babár búd-u ki na
Glosses: look-PRS-MSG SUB such-MSG=CONJ INDF thing come-PFV-MSG HSAY evening be.PST HSAY INDF thing come-PFV-MSG furry.thing understand.PFV-MSG or NEG
Translation: Then a creature appeared, it is said, in the evening, it is said, a furry one, you know, don’t you.’ (PHL-AyanMir1:065)
Language: Palula
Transcription: asíi atshareet-á bíiḍ-u kir dít-u hín-u maní hiimeel-í bi whéet-im hín-i
Glosses: 1PL.GEN Ashret-OBL much-MSG snow fall.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG HSAY glacier-PL SEP come.down.PFV-FPL be.PRS-F
Translation: [I have been told that] a lot of snow has fallen in our [village] Ashret, and there have been avalanches as well.’ (PHL-CHN070320)
Language: Palula
Transcription: anú dhút-a de baaǰá bhanǰa-áan-a eetáai aawaáz yh-áand-u eh rueeleé hín-a ɡa rueeleé ba aní sarkaarí sipaahi-aán hóons-an de
Glosses: PROX.NOM.MSG mouth-OBL give.CVB harmonium beat-PRS-MPL from.there sound come-PRS-MSG oh government.official.PL be.PRS-MPL ASS government.official.PL TOP PROX official soldier-PL exist-3PL PST
Translation: I heard a sound like a harmonium being played. “Oh,” I thought, “These must be government officials, such professional soldiers they are.”’ (PHL-Hunter:067-068)
Language: Palula
Transcription: ée míi xudaáyaa ni xu ux-íi rhaíi hín-i
Glosses: o 1SG.GEN my.God 3PL.PROX.NOM EMPH camel-GEN footprints be.PRS-F
Translation: O my God, it’s the footprints of a camel.’ (PHL-Hunter:061)
Language: Palula
Transcription: hase boht-o ɡan-i ayi-o ṭek-o lak-it-ai hase o-br-it-ai
Glosses: 3SG.REM.NOM stone-OBL take-CVB snake-OBL TOP-OBL let.go-PST-3SG 3SG.REM.NOM PST-die-PST-3SG
Translation: [This happened to my brother, I saw it:] ‘He took a stone and threw it at the snake. It died.’ (KHW-TMAQ-AA:174-175)
Language: Palula
Transcription: tara as-ini ɡak tara ɡordok hãš
Glosses: there.REM.SPC be.PST.ACT-3PL cow there.REM.SPC donkey horse
Translation: There were cows, donkeys and horses there.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: ek ɬawak ek šara malɡiri asta
Glosses: one fox one markhor friend be.PST.INFER.3
Translation: Once a fox and a markhor were friends.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: dun-áaṭ-u bh-íl-u hín-u ki aní ba kateeeṇ-í ǰuánd
Glosses: think-AG-MSG become-PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG COMP 3FSG.PROX.NOM TOP what.kind-F life
Translation: He started thinking, “What a life!”’(PHL-Katamosh:057)
Language: Palula
Transcription: mããtẽẽ dac̣i-na mãã-i tukuri kii ɡiɡ-een ɡani
Glosses: around see-IPFV.3MSG 1SG.POSS-F basket who take-PFV.3PL QUOT
Translation: He looks around, thinking, “Who took my basket?”’
Language: Palula
Transcription: aats-i baloo daaš ɡani ek baaṭ daro
Glosses: come-CVB big rock QUOT one stone COP.INAN.IPFV.3
Translation: Having come there, there is a big stone called the great rock.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: eesé baačaá-ii bóoš zára kuṛíina heens-íl-im de tasíi áaṣṭ zára kuṇaak-á heens-íl-a de maní
Glosses: REM king-GEN twelve thousand.PL women.PL live-PFV-FPL PST 3SG.GEN eight thousand.PL child-PL live-PFV-MPL PST HSAY
Translation: This king had twelve thousand wives, and is said to have had eight thousand children.’ (PHL-AboutAKing:007-008)
Language: Palula
Transcription: íṇc̣-a maníit-u hín-u ki šóo ba tu thulí wháat-u heentá ma tu kh-úum eendáa man-í ba iṇc̣ áak keeṇ-í šíiṭi the ɡúum hín-u
Glosses: bear-OBL say.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG COMP good.MSG TOP 2SG.NOM fattened come.down.PFV-MSG CONDL 1SG.NOM 2SG.NOM eat-1SG like.that say-CVB TOP bear INDF cave-OBL inside to go.PFV.MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: The bear said: “Good, if you come down fattened I will eat you.” Then [lit. Having said that,] the bear went into a cave.’ (PHL-Katamosh:025-026)
Language: Palula
Transcription: iskul-ãĩ kùṛ-muṛ bazíthe=lee hãã maasmá búṭ báč hu-úthe=lee
Glosses: school-GEN.F wall.FPL-ECHO go.PRS.PFV.MPL=HSAY and child.PL all saved become-PRS.PFV.MPL=HSAY
Translation: The walls of the school and stuff went down, but the children all escaped.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: mi qǽæs ǰo kudí múṭho khári níiz-iǰ-aan-o bo
Glosses: my guess some where tree under sleep-ABSP-is-3MSG ASS
Translation: I guess he must be asleep under a tree somewhere.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: kir dít-u hín-u
Glosses: snow put.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG
Translation: It has snowed.’ [directly observed] (PHL-20157027-elic:001)
Language: Palula
Transcription: kir dít-u hín-u maní
Glosses: snow put.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG HSAY
Translation: It has snowed.’ [not seen but heard from sb else] (PHL-20157027-elic:002)
Language: Palula
Transcription: kir dít-u hín-u ɡa
Glosses: snow put.PFV-MSG be.PRS-MSG INFER
Translation: It has snowed.’ [not directly observed but inferred from other evidence, e.g. snow on somebody else’s boots] (PHL-20157027-elic:003)
Language: Palula
Transcription: him arer / him kor-i šer
Glosses: snow do.PST.3SG _ snow do-CVB be.INAN.PRS.ACT
Translation: It has snowed.’ [directly observed] (KHW-20157027-elic:001)
Language: Palula
Transcription: him kardu bir-ai
Glosses: snow do.PPTC become.PST.INFER-3SG
Translation: It has snowed.’ [not seen but heard from sb else] (KHW-20157027-elic:002)
Language: Palula
Transcription: lo tu keé kh-óo lo xu thíi bhróo atsharíit-u thíi qóom
Glosses: 3MSG.DIST.NOM 2SG.NOM why eat-3SG 3MSG.DIST.NOM EMPH 2SG.GEN brother Ashreti-MSG 2SG.GEN tribe
Translation: Why would he eat you? He is your Ashreti brother and of your own tribe.’ (PHL-GhaziSamad:019-020)
Language: Palula
Transcription: dā xo zmā wror day də bel saṛ-i wror na
Glosses: this.DIR EMPH 1SG.GEN brother be.PRS.3MSG of other man-OBL brother NEG
Translation: He is in fact my brother, not some other man’s brother.’
Language: Palula
Transcription: yi manaṣa be ämeba pũt süräy
Glosses: this man EMPT 1PL.GEN way blocked
Translation: This man has apparently blocked our way. [Dieser Mann hat doch unseren Weg versperrt!]’
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ye ma-ap wa-ar
Glosses: potato eat-DUR sit.SG-EGO.SG
Translation: I’m eating potatoes.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ma-mɨ-elɨ
Glosses: eat-NEG-NMZ.PL
Translation: those that have not been eaten
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nosrka-elɨ
Glosses: brother-NMZ.PL
Translation: brothers
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi kilka-wan isɨk-ɨ
Glosses: 2 notebook-DAT store-IMP.SG
Translation: Store your notebook!
Language: Totoro
Transcription: yu-srɨ amp-ɨ
Glosses: LOC-DIR go.PL-IMP.SG
Translation: You come here!
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kosro-ɨ
Glosses: stand.up-IMP.SG
Translation: Stand up!
Language: Totoro
Transcription: unɨ-chik pen-an
Glosses: child-DIM fall-NON.EGO
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chu pen-an
Glosses: where fall-NON.EGO
Translation: Where did it fall?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: yu pasr-an
Glosses: LOC stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: It is here.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chi-ne ma-rɨp pasr-an
Glosses: Q-3 do-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: What is she doing?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɨ-nɨ tɨwei kɨ-an
Glosses: DIST-3 just COP-NON.EGO
Translation: It is just that.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɨ-nɨ tɨwei kɨ-an
Glosses: DIST-3 only COP-NON.EGO
Translation: Is it only that?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kuakl-ap pasr-an
Glosses: boil-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: Is it boiling?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: pi=pe mani [kuakl-ap pasr-an]
Glosses: water=PD now boil-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: The water is boiling.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: karopik kucha atru
Glosses: governor too come.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: Is also the governor coming?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: wasri atru-an
Glosses: sparrowhawk come.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: The sparrowhawk comes.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: wasr-chik-yu=pe chi-nɨ wai kɨ-or
Glosses: bag-DIM-LOC=PD Q-3 put COP-EGO.SG
Translation: What did you drop in the bag?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chi-ne-tɨ sro amtru kɨ-er
Glosses: Q-3-REST carry come.PL COP-EGO.PL
Translation: What did they bring?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chu pasr-am=kɨ-an chi
Glosses: where stand.SG-IRR=COP-NON.EGO Q
Translation: Where shall I put this?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: pen-mɨ-or
Glosses: fall-NEG-EGO.SG
Language: Totoro
Transcription: pen-mɨ-er
Glosses: fall-NEG-EGO.PL
Language: Totoro
Transcription: pen-mɨ-an
Glosses: fall-NEG-NON.EGO.PL
Translation: 'S/he doesn't fall.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kish-mɨ-or
Glosses: cry-NEG-EGO.SG
Translation: I don't cry.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kish-mɨ-er
Glosses: cry-NEG-EGO.PL
Language: Totoro
Transcription: kish-mɨ-an
Glosses: cry-NEG-NON.EGO.PL
Translation: 'S/he doesn't cry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (na=na) pala ku-mtu-s
Glosses: (1S.(NOM)=TOP) plantain eat-IMPF-EGO
Translation: I am eating plantains.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (nu=na) pala ku-mtu-y
Glosses: (2S.(NOM)=TOP) plantain eat-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: You are eating plantains.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (us=na) atal ayna-mtu-y
Glosses: (3S.(NOM)=TOP) chicken cook-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: He/she is cooking chicken.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: min=ta=ma ashap-tu-y ?
Glosses: who=ACC=INT annoy-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: Whom am I annoying?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: shi=ma ki-mtu-s ?
Glosses: what=INT do-IMPF-EGO
Translation: What are you doing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: min=ta-s a-mtu-y ?
Glosses: where=LOC-ABL come-IMPF-N.EGO
Translation: 'Where is he coming from?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ichente na=pe nam-or
Glosses: so 1=PD get.angry-EGO.SG
Translation: Whom am I annoying?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na-wai ishuk=pe kumar-mɨ-an
Glosses: 1-GEN women=PD sing-NEG-NON.EGO
Language: Totoro
Transcription: na-wai noshkai yauto-mai ya-an
Glosses: 1-GEN son Popayán-DIR go.SG-NON.EGO
Language: Totoro
Transcription: an=pe mesa-yu war-an
Glosses: money=PD table-LOC lain.down.PL-NON.EGO
Translation: The money is on the table.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: na-wai kek=pe kuall-ip pasr-an
Glosses: 1-GEN husband=PD work-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: My husband went to work.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: na isu-ap-ik wa-or
Glosses: 1 think-DUR-NMZ.SG sit.SG-EGO.SG
Translation: I think.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: yu misak incha=pe chineken paila-ntr-ap amp-mɨ-an
Glosses: LOC people so nothing dance-PROS-DUR go.PL-NEG-NON.EGO
Translation: So, you guys aren't going to dance.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: mai-yu peñ-or
Glosses: path-LOC fall-EGO.SG
Translation: I fell at the path.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chente mɨim=pe na=pe unɨ-wan pay-or
Glosses: then now=PD 1=PD child-DAT ask-EGO.SG
Translation: Then I asked the child.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: mɨim=pe yu wam-ia-ap pɨntr-er
Glosses: now=PD here talk-REC-NFV stand.PL-EGO.PL
Translation: Now we are talking here.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: na-m=pe pueblo-srɨ-mai amp-er
Glosses: 1-PL=PD town-LOC.DIST-DIR go.PL-EGO.PL
Translation: We are going to town.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi=pe na-wai nimpasr-wan nilɨ-ntr-ap-ɨk kɨ-an
Glosses: 2=PD 1-GEN daughter-DAT steal-PROS-NFV-NMZ.SG COP-NON.EGO
Translation: You are about to steal my daughter.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi-m=pe kosre-ap kɨn
Glosses: 2=PD teach-DUR COP-NON.EGO
Translation: You guys are teaching.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: nɨ=pe [peñ-ip pasr-an]
Glosses: 3=PD fall-DUR stand.SG-NON.EGO
Translation: He ‎‎is falling.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: tul-io=pe pɨn wakra putr-an
Glosses: field-LOC=PD three cow sit.PL-NON.EGO
Translation: The cows are seat in the field.
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi=pe maik kusre-nan-mɨ-t-an shente na-m=pe makatɨ mar-am-kɨ-an
Glosses: 2=PD well learn-CAUS-NEG-EXP-NON.EGO then 1-PL=PD how do-IRR-COP-NON.EGO
Translation: If you don’t teach well, then what should we do?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: chi-ne mar-ɨp un-kɨ-or ñi=pe ɨ-srɨ=pe
Glosses: Q-3 do-DUR walk.SG-COP-EGO.SG 2=PD DIST-DIR=PD
Translation: What are you doing here?' (lit. What are you doing walking here?)
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ñi=pe chi-ne isu-ap wa-kɨ-or na-wai Geny
Glosses: 2=PD Q-3 think-DUR sit.SG-COP-EGO.SG 1-GEN Geny
Translation: What are you thinking my Geny?
Language: Totoro
Transcription: ɨ-nɨ=pe ñi wa-kɨ-or
Glosses: DIST-3=PD 2 seat.SG-COP-EGO.SG
Translation: Are you seated in that one (bench)?