lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: tíì kóánácì ki tcá cà-á ki ǁóé-è-ǁòè nò cé tɛ́-ɛ́-ǁòè ǁxó dì xóm̀-à ki
Glosses: then because LOC 2SG.M water-GEN LOC lie-ATV-HAB CON 1PL.F stay-ATV-HAB dry POSS sand-GEN LOC
Translation: Since you are used to lying in the water, and we are used to staying in the dry sand [it is not good to come with us].
Language: Damara
Transcription: ʔàríp ke ʔom-s-à xuú kè pèé
Glosses: dog DECL house-3SG.F-OBL ABL RPST go:away
Translation: The dog went away from the house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: da ci nǁoori-xa=na ǁ’ao ne=na (ʔa)
Glosses: 1SG.IRR 1SG.GEN grand:junior-with=PL.C.ACC insult DEM=PL.C.ACC ACC
Translation: Let me insult my grandchildren, these ones.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔa ja koã-ki=sa (ʔa) tsa gǁae=si aaku ʔaba-ø-nǂoẽ
Glosses: DEM CONJ child-FOC=SG.F.ACC IDTF 2SG.M.GEN woman=SG.F.NOM come strap-J-sit
Translation: It is the child who your wife is strapping to her back.
Language: Damara
Transcription: ots kara mû-ba-sen ǃgam-he khom ra ǃhai-s-a
Glosses: 2sg POT.PROG see-APPL-REFL kill-PASS 1DU PRS.PROG that-3SG.F-COMP
Translation: Then you may see for yourself that we are killed.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: tá-khò-m̀ dì nǂgóá à
Glosses: old-AG-3SG.M POSS walking.stick COP
Translation: the old man’s walking stick
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: màtìaci-m̀ à ǀ’áò à tí xàró-á-tà
Glosses: Matthew-3SG.M ACC money ACC 1SG give-J-NPST
Translation: I gave money to Matthew.
Language: Shua
Transcription: aba: ʔa ema ǁam-rekareka
Glosses: dog ACC 3SG.M hit-maybe
Translation: Maybe he is hitting the dog.
Language: Shua
Transcription: ta: aka ke lori ʔa mũ: ta: aka sekuskara ʔa mũ:-ta
Glosses: 1SG PST IPFV truck ACC see 1SG PST donkey.cart ACC see-NEG
Translation: I saw the truck, not the donkey cart.
Language: Shua
Transcription: he͂:xo: ʔa tu:-a-ta tu: ka:ro ka tante ʔa bo:ru-hu-a-ha
Glosses: this LOC rain-J-PST rain hail INS tent ACC hole-CAUS-J-PST
Translation: The rain that rained here with hail tore the tent to shreds.
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: maá ʔà tsá ǁ’áḿ-nà-tà
Glosses: who ACC 2SG.M beat-J-SDPST
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: k’aro=mà tí ǁ’áḿ-nà-tà
Glosses: boy=3SG.M.II 1SG beat-J-SDPST
Translation: I beat the boy.
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: ʔabá=mà tsá ǁ’áḿ-nà-tà
Glosses: dog=3SG.M.II 2SG.M beat-J-SDPST
Translation: Did you beat the dog?
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: ʔĩĩ , ʔabá=mà tí ǁ’áḿ-nà-tà ʔíté k’aro=mà ʔà tí ǁ’áḿ-nà-tà
Glosses: no dog=3SG.M.II 1SG beat-J-SDPST NEG boy=3SG.M.II ACC 1SG beat-J-SDPST
Translation: No, I did not beat the dog, I beat the boy.
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: xaḿ=mà ʔé .ǁù ǀ’ũṹ-á-tá
Glosses: lion=3SG.M.II 3PL.M kill-J-SDPST
Translation: They killed the lion.
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: xaḿ=mà ʔà ʔé .ǁù ǀ’ũṹ-á-tá
Glosses: lion=3SG.M.II ACC 3PL.M kill-J-SDPST
Translation: They killed the lion (and not something else).
Language: Ts'ixa
Transcription: gǀóóxà=m̀ ngùà ǀú .xùà tsá kò khoe ʔà kúḿ k’uí kò=sè
Glosses: GN=3SG.M.I LOC sometimes 2SG.M IPFV person ACC hear speak IPFV=ADV
Translation: At Gǀoxa-Hill, you can sometimes hear people speak.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: ǀóɛ-hɛ átaxa ǂ’ṹ-à-tè cɛ-djì à
Glosses: child-3SG.F thus eat-ATV-PRS bush:species-3PL.F ACC
Translation: Thus the child eats the cɛ fruits.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: ó-ǀ’ṹũ-khòè-tè té khóé-tè xà-má kx’ó
Glosses: PRV-hair-person-1PL.C 1PL.C person-1PL.C DEM-3SG.M eat:meat
Translation: He has to eat us, the ones without fur.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: tàn tíì tcá tí ú
Glosses: stand:up then 2SG.M 1SG bring
Translation: Stand up, then I may take you.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: tínù córò-mà-à ǁgàa-khòè-djì nǀgóá-à-tè kx’á-khòè-ǁè tcámba-mà nǀgóá-à-tè
Glosses: then rock:monitor-3SG.M-ACC female-person-3PL.F cook-ATV-PRS male-person-1PL.M genet-3SG.M cook-ATV-PRS
Translation: Then the women are cooking the rock monitor, and we men are cooking the genet.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: yì á ǀéú
Glosses: tree COP big
Translation: The tree is big.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: nǀĩĩ́ dáó à ǂ’ó dáó à
Glosses: DEM path FOC small path COP
Translation: This path is a small path.
Language: Kxoe
Transcription: ndée ! tóm̀tom-xò à ŋ́kà tí à tóm̀-a-tè !
Glosses: mum swallow-NMLZ COP there 1SG ACC swallow-ATV-PRS
Translation: Mum, there is a swallowing thing [a python] that (wants to) swallow me!
Language: Hindi
Transcription: maĩ tumko / Rām ko / apnī bet̩ī ko dekh rahā hū̃
Glosses: 1SG 2.ACC _ Ram ACC _ REFL daughter ACC see PROG.M.SG PRS.1SG
Translation: I am looking at you /Ram / my daughter.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: maĩne tumko / Rām ko / apnī bet̩ī ko kal nahī̃ dekhā
Glosses: 1SG.ERG 2.ACC _ Ram ACC _ REFL daughter ACC yesterday NEG see.PFV.3M.SG
Translation: I did not see you /Ram / my daughter yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: donõ ādmiyõ ko dekhā gayā
Glosses: the.two man.M.PL ACC see PASS.PST.M.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maĩne yah film dekhī
Glosses: 1SG.ERG DEM movie.F.SG see.PFV.3F.SG
Translation: I have seen this film.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kisī ko bulāo !
Glosses: INDEF ACC call.IMP
Translation: Call somebody!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mai͂ne Dilīp ko (*Dilīp) dekhā / mai͂ne Kalkattā dekhā
Glosses: 1SG.ERG Dilip ACC (Dilip) see.PFV _ 1SG.ERG Calcutta see.PFV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: koī pitā bhī ise (is bāt ko / yah bāt) bardaśt nahī̃ kar saktā
Glosses: INDEF father even 3SG.ACC this thing ACC _ this thing tolerate NEG do can.M.SG
Translation: No father at all could tolerate this (this thing).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jeb se do rupae kā noṭ nikālā “Jivrākhan , ise rakh-lo” Jivrākhan ne not̩ mānī beg mẽ rakh-liyā
Glosses: pocket from two rupies of note took.out Jivrakhan 3SG.ACC put-take.IMP Jivrakhan ERG note money bag in place-took
Translation: He took a two rupee note out of his pocket, “Jivrakhan, take it”. Jivrakhan put the note into his purse.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: merī sahelī ne nayā naukar rakhā
Glosses: my friend.F.SG ERG new servant.M.SG place.PFV.M.SG
Translation: My friend took a new servant.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ve laṛkā dekh rahe haĩ
Glosses: 3PL boy.M.SG look PROG PRS.3M.PL
Translation: They are visiting a boy (a suitable groom).
Language: Hindi
Transcription: maĩne bahut log dekhe , bahut gār̩iyā̃ dekhī̃, bahut gandagī dekhī
Glosses: 1SG.ERG many people.M.PL see.M.PL many car.F.PL see.F.PL much dirt.F.SG see.F.SG
Translation: I saw a lot of people, a lot of cars, much dirt.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maĩne bahut logõ ko dekhā
Glosses: 1SG.ERG many people.M.PL ACC see.PFV.3M.SG
Language: Hindi
Transcription: tum jaisā koī nahī dekhā
Glosses: 2 like.M.SG INDEF NEG saw.PFV.M.SG
Translation: I didn’t see anybody like you’ (movie title)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mai͂ne kisī ko nahī͂ dekhā
Glosses: 1SG.ERG INDEF ACC NEG saw
Translation: I didn’t see anybody.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: cā̃d ko dekho !
Glosses: time ACC look.IMP
Translation: Look at the moon!
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ham kyā samay ko / mrityu ko rok sakte haĩ ?
Glosses: 1PL INT time ACC _ death ACC stop can PRS.1M.PL
Language: Hindi
Transcription: lohā sīse ko kāt̩tā hai
Glosses: iron glass ACC cut PRS.3M.SG
Translation: ’Iron cuts glass.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ham andhere ko rok dete
Glosses: 1PL darkness ACC stop give.COND.1M.PL
Translation: We would stop the darkness.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: hamne pūre bāhar ko band kar diyā hai
Glosses: 1PL.ERG whole outside ACC closed make give PRF.3M.SG
Translation: We have locked up all the outside.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Mināi ne bāzār mẽ ek sailānīj ko nācte huej dekhā .
Glosses: Mina ERG market in a tourist ACC dancing being see.PFV
Translation: Minai saw a touristj dancingj in the bazar.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: gār̩ī vāpas āī huī dekhkar maĩne socā…
Glosses: car.F.SG back come be.PTCP.F.SG see.CV 1SG.ERG think.PFV.M.SG
Translation: I saw the car having come back and thought…
Language: Hindi
Transcription: kāle-kāle jāmun gāyab hote dekhkar uske mũh se zāl t̩apakne lagī
Glosses: black-black jamun vanished being see.CV his mouth from salive.F.SG drip start.PFV.F.SG
Translation: Seeing the black Java plums disappearing his mouth started watering.’/ ‘He saw the black Java plums disappearing and he started salivating
Language: Hindi
Transcription: maĩ cor ko / *Ø cor kahtā hū̃
Glosses: 1SG thief ACC / _ thief say PRS.1SG
Translation: I call a thief a thief.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: maĩ billī ko apnā duśman / beimān māntā hū̃
Glosses: 1SG cat ACC REFL enemy _ disloyal consider PRS.1SG
Translation: I consider cats as my personal enemies/disloyal.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ve rassī ko / *Ø sā̃p samajhte haĩ
Glosses: 3PL rope ACC / _ snake understand PRS.M.PL
Translation: They mistake a rope for a snake’ (or ‘ropes for snakes’).
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ve pun̩ya ko / *Ø pāp banāte haĩ
Glosses: 3PL virtue ACC / _ sin make PRS.M.PL
Translation: They transform virtue into sin.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ham mez ko paũchẽge
Glosses: 1pl table ACC wipe.FUT.M.PL
Translation: We will wipe the table.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: yah film kisne dekhī ?
Glosses: this film.F.SG who.ERG see.PFV.F.SG
Translation: This film, who saw it?
Language: Hindi
Transcription: yah bāt to ham sab jānte haĩ
Glosses: this thing TOP 1PL all know PRS.PL
Translation: This thing, we all know it.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: zindagī ko jīnā sthagit maut ko jīnā hai
Glosses: life ACC live postponed death ACC live is
Translation: To live life is to live a deferred death.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ek darvāze ko band kar , hamne pūre bāhar ko band kar diyā hai . … apne kamre kā darvāzā band kar sārī duniyā ko bāhar band kar diyā .
Glosses: one door ACC close do.CV 1PL all outside ACC close do give.PFV.3M.SG PRT _ REFL room of door closed do.CV all world ACC outside closed do give.PFV.3M.SG
Translation: By closing a (mere) door, we have locked up the whole outside. (…) By closing the door of our room, we have locked outside the whole world.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ‘Yah tālā maĩne xud lagāya hai’,
Glosses: this lock 1SG.ERG REFL put.PRF 3M.SG
Translation: This lock, I put it myself,
Language: Hindi
Transcription: tāle ko Gurūjī ne jhanjhanāyā .
Glosses: lock ACC Guruji ERG shake.PFV.3M.SG
Translation: Guruji shaked the lock noisily.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ‘Maĩ tāle ko khol saktā hū̃, cābī mere pās hai’.
Glosses: 1SG lock ACC open can PRS.1M.SG key 1SG near be.PRS.3SG
Translation: I can open the lock, I have the key with me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Unhõne cābī t̩ẽt̩ se nikālī . Ve tālā kholne jā rahe the .
Glosses: 3.HON.ERG key belt ABL take.out.PFV.F.SG 3HON lock open go PROG PST.3HON
Translation: He took the key from his belt. He was going to open the lock.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mujhe aspat̩āl le jāyā gayā
Glosses: 1SG.ACC/DAT hospital take go PASS.PFV.3M.SG
Translation: I was taken to the hospital.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: maĩ aspat̩āl le jāyī gayī
Glosses: 1SG hospital take go PASS.PFV.F.SG
Translation: I was taken to the hospital.’ (feminine speaker)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: śef Hemant Oberāy apne das sahyogiyõ kesāth vahā̃ bheje gae the
Glosses: Chef Hemant Oberoy REFL ten helper.M.PL with there send PASS PPRF.M.PL
Translation: The chef Hemant Oberoi had been sent there with ten of his helpers.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mere hazārõ samarthakõ ko Madurai ikāī se nikāl diyā gayā hai
Glosses: my thousand supporter.M.PL ACC Madurai unit from expel give PASS PRF.M.SG
Translation: Thousands of my supporters have been ousted from the Madurai unit.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mr̥tyu ko / samay ko rokā nahī̃ jā saktā
Glosses: death ACC _ time ACC stop NEG PSV can.PRS.3M.SG
Translation: Death / time cannot be stopped.’ (single entities, common knowledge) (own data)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: par bahut dinõ tak sthagit maut ko bhī nahī̃ jiyā jā saktā
Glosses: but many days till postponed death ACC even NEG live PASS can.PRS.3M.SG
Translation: But one cannot live even a deferred death for very long.’ (Vinod Kumar Shukla, 1996, Khilega to dekhenge)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: unke vilamban ko 24 janvarī kī subah us vaqt kiyā gayā jab…
Glosses: 3PL.GEN suspension ACC 24 January of morning that time do PASS.M.SG when
Translation: Their suspension occurred on the morning of January 24 when…’ (Times of India 13/1/2015)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: āpkā yahā͂ ānā mujhe bilkul acchā nahī͂ lagā
Glosses: 2H.GEN here come.INF 1SG.DAT really really NEG seem.PFV.M.SG
Translation: I did not like at all (the fact) that you came here.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: rām ke āte (*rām āte) hī sab gāyab ho gae the
Glosses: Ram GEN coming Ram coming just all.M.PL disappeared be go PPRF.M.PL
Translation: Right after Ram came, all had disappeared.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: andherā (*?ke) hote hī sab gāyab ho gae the
Glosses: darkness GEN being just all.M.PL disappeared be go PPRF.M.PL
Translation: Right after the coming of darkness all had disappeared.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: Rina kā / ko / *Ø bāzār mẽ dekhā jānā śaram kī bāt hai .
Glosses: Rina GEN / / DAT _ market in see PASS.INF shame of thing is
Translation: For Rina to be seen in the market is a matter of shame.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: Per̩ kā / ko / Ø is tarah kāt̩ā jānā śaram kī bāt hai .
Glosses: tree GEN / _ DAT _ this way cut PASS.INF shame of thing is
Translation: The fact that the/a tree was cut in this way/this kind of tree cutting is a matter of shame.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: bacce ne sāikil calānā śurū kiyā
Glosses: child.M.SG ERG bike.F.SG drive.INF.M.SG beginning do.PFV.3M.SG
Translation: The boy started to ride a bicycle.’ (has started bicycle riding)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: bacce ne sāikil calānī śurū kī
Glosses: child.M.SG ERG bike.F.SG drive.INF.F.SG beginning do.PFV.3F.SG
Translation: The boy started to ride a bicycle.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: baccõ ne skūl jānā śurū kiyā
Glosses: child.M.PL ERG school go.INF.M.SG beginning do.PFV.3M.SG
Translation: The children started going to school.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mujhe sāikil calānā ātā hai
Glosses: 1SG bike.F.GS drive.INF.M.SG come PRS.3M.SG
Translation: I know how to ride a bicycle (how to cycle).
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mujhe sāikil calānī ātī hai
Glosses: 1M.SG bike.F.SG drive.INF.F.SG come PRS.3F.SG
Translation: I know how to ride a bicycle.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: mujhe sabzī kharīdnā / ?? kharīdnī hai
Glosses: 1SG vegetable.F.SG buy.INF.M.SG / _ buy.INF.F.SG be.PRS.3.SG
Translation: I have to buy vegetable.
Language: Indo-Aryan
Transcription: Hiranākasa māryau .
Glosses: Hiranakashyapu kill.PFV.M.SG
Language: Indo-Aryan
Transcription: Rāmahi janai janai Rahimā̃na .
Glosses: Ram.ACC know.PRS.3SG know.PRS.3SG Merciful.Ø
Translation: [He] knows Ram, he knows the Merciful.’ (Kabir, verse 302)
Language: Indo-Aryan
Transcription: Rāma .Ø kari sanehī .
Glosses: Ram make.CV dear
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: āpana ãdha aura kū̃ kahai kanā̃nā̃
Glosses: self blind other ACC say.PRS.3SG one-eyed
Translation: [Being] himself blind, he will call others one-eyed.’ (Kabir, verse 149)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jaga .Ø maĩ des̩ū̃ jaga na des̩i mohi
Glosses: world 1SG see.PRS.1SG world NEG see.PRS.3SG 1SG.ACC
Translation: I see the world, the world does not see me.’ (Kabir, verse 76.3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ulat̩ī Gangā sāmudra-hi sosai , sasihara sūra .Ø grāsai
Glosses: reversed Ganga ocean-ACC dry.up.PRS moon sun swallow.PRS
Translation: The reversed Ganga dries up the ocean, the moon swallows the sky.
Language: Hindi
Transcription: jākū̃ yahu jaga ghini kari cālai
Glosses: REL.ACC DEM world horrible do.CV go.PRS.3SG
Translation: That which this world avoids with disgust.’ (lit. that which considering horrible the world goes by) (Kabir, verse 185.4)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: yā pada kū̃ bujhai tākū̃ tinyū̃ trībhuvana sūjhai
Glosses: DEM verse ACC understand.PRS.3SG 3SG.DAT three world think.PRS.3SG
Translation: [Who] understands this pada, he knows the three worlds.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tehi na jānā nr̥pa .Ø , nr̥pa-hi so jānā
Glosses: 3SG.OBL NEG know.PFV king king-OBL 3SG know.PFV
Translation: The king did not recognize him, he recognized the king.’ (T 140)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kahā tapas nr̥pati .Ø jānaū̃ tohi … lāg bhala mohi
Glosses: said hermit king know.1SG 2.OBL _ seem good 1SG.OBL
Translation: Said the hermit: “I know you as the king [this move] pleased me/I liked”’ (T 160)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raghupati-hi nihāri prabhū-hi citaï .
Glosses: Sun.lord-OBL look.CV Lord-OBL look.CV
Translation: [Sita] seeing Rama (king of sun linage).’ ‘[Sita] looking at the Lord.’ (T 140)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sīya-hi biloki .
Glosses: Sita-OBL see.CV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Rām biloke log … citaï Sīya kr̥pāyatan jāni vikal bises̩i .
Glosses: Ram see.PFV people _ look.CV Sita gracefully knew worried special
Translation: Ram saw the folk, […] looking at Sita with mercy he perceived her great distress.’ (T 251)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: rāu tr̥śit nahĩ so Ø pahicānā
Glosses: prince thirsty NEG 3SG _ recognize.PFV
Translation: The king, overcome by thirst, did not recognize him.’ (T 158)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bhale-hi manda manda-hi bhale karahū̃
Glosses: good-OBL vile vile-OBL good do.PRS.2SG
Translation: You debase the good man (make vile the good), you praise the vile.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kol biloki bhūpa bar̩a dhīrā bhāgi pait̩h giriguhā̃ gabhīra
Glosses: boar see.CV king much determined flee enter mountain.cave deep
Translation: Seeing the king so much determined the boar entered a deep cave.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jo prabhū tumah bipin phirat dekhā
Glosses: REL Lord 2PL forest roaming see.PFV
Translation: The Lord whom you saw roaming in the forest.
Language: Awadhi
Transcription: māī rī mhā̃ liyā Govinda mol
Glosses: sister INTERJ 1SG take.PFV Govinda buy.CV
Translation: Sister, I bought (and took) Govinda [a name for Krishna].’ (Mira Bai, 16th c.)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: ke garmī dafā kartā hai gulāb āhistā āhistā
Glosses: that/as heat off make PRS.3M.SG rose slowly slowly
Translation: My faithful love has quenched the fire of my love (FOC), as rose dispels the effect of heat, step by step.’ (Wali, mid. 17th c.)
Language: Hindi
Transcription: jab sõ dekhā nahī̃ nazar-bhar kākul-e-muśkin-e-yār
Glosses: when from see.PFV NEG glance-full locks-EZ-scented-EZ-beloved
Translation: Since I did not see fully her [my love’s] scented locks (FOC).’ (Wali, mid 17th c.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ke jisko kasīne kabhī vā na dekhā
Glosses: that REL.ACC INDEF.ERG ever open NEG see.PFV.M.SG
Translation: That which (ACC) nobody has seen bloom.’ (‘which’ = merā dil ‘my heart’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ke ātiś gul ko kartī hai gulāb āhistā āhistā
Glosses: that/as fire flower ACC do PRS.3FSG rose slowly slowly
Translation: My love has melted the despot (made this despot water), step by step, as fire distil (make the flower rose-perfume) the essence of rose, step by step.’ (Walid, mid 17th c.)
Language: Shekhawati
Transcription: mhaĩ śaraṇ naĩ dekhā
Glosses: 1SG Sharan.F.SG ACC see.F.SG
Translation: I have seen Sharan.
Language: Magahi
Transcription: ham dekh-l-i ham dekh-l-i-a ham dekh-l-i-ain
Glosses: 1SG see-PST-1 1SG see-PST-1-3nonH 1SG see-PST-1-3H
Language: Kumaoni
Transcription: myārā dagar̩iyana .le ek bāman pakar̩o
Glosses: my companion.M.PL.ERG one Brahmin seize.PFV.M.SG
Translation: My companions captured a Brahmin.
Language: Kumaoni
Transcription: prithvi .m lag yo pahār̩ hamārī thātī raci dev .le
Glosses: earth.on too this mountain our place.to.live make.PFV god.ERG
Translation: God made this mountain a place to live for us on earth too.
Language: Kumaoni
Transcription: tab ū wī bwaj kan̩i apan ghar huni lī āy
Glosses: then 3SG DEM load ACC REFL home ALL take come.PFV
Translation: Then he brought this load to his house.
Language: Kumaoni
Transcription: mī .le naunai *san̩ī baĩt̩ le māre
Glosses: 1SG.ERG child ACC cane INS strike.PFV
Translation: I hit the boy with a cane.
Language: Kumaoni
Transcription: mī .na naunai taī̃ / san̩ī (nauno .Ø) baĩt̩ na māri
Glosses: 1SG.ERG child ACC _ ACC child cane INS strike.PFV
Translation: I hit the boy with a cane.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ve-na sattu san̩ī ve talau mā d̩āl dini/dine
Glosses: 3SG-ERG sattu ACC DEM lake in throw gave
Translation: He threw the sattu (a sort of cereal) in the lake.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tā Anīl Rawat tai͂/san̩i/kū jāndi cha ?
Glosses: 2SG Anil Rawat ACC/ACC/ACC know PRS
Translation: (Do) you know Anil Rawat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: chorie , mu jān̩ na deule
Glosses: girl 1SG go NEG give.FUT.1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tero bāpū yakhī bulaulo , mu jān̩ na deule
Glosses: your father here call.FUT 1SG go NEG give.FUT.1SG
Translation: I will invite your father, I won’t let you go.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: terī dīdī yakhī bulaula , mu jān̩ na deule …
Glosses: your sister here call.FUT 1SG go NEG give.FUT.1SG …
Translation: I will invite your mother, I won’t let you go. I will invite your brother, I won’t let you go. I will invite your sister-in-law, I won’t let you go. I will invite your elder sister, I won’t let you go.
Language: Bhojpuri
Transcription: apnā bālaka mohi dīte , apnā bālaka nahī̃ debo
Glosses: REFL male-child 1SG.DAT give.COND.1SG REFL male.child NEG give.FUT.1SG
Translation: If you give me your son – I will not give [you] my son.
Language: Bhojpuri
Transcription: tū apnā laïkā ke bhejā
Glosses: 2SG REFL boy ACC send.IMP
Translation: Send your son.
Language: Tamil
Transcription: enakku avar .ai pidikkum / teriyum
Glosses: 1SG.DAT 3M.SG.ACC like _ know
Translation: I like / know him.
Language: Tamil
Transcription: mujhe vah *usko acchā lagtā hai / milā
Glosses: 1SG.DAT 3SG 3SG.ACC good seem PRS.3SG _ meet.PFV
Language: Indo-Aryan
Transcription: (in) lel-jad-in-a-e
Glosses: (1SG) see-PST-1SG-V-3SG
Translation: He saw me’ (V marks the predicative function, in a language with no noun-verb polarity)
Language: Indo-Aryan
Transcription: (in) om-am-tan-a-in
Glosses: (1SG) give-2SG-PRS-V-1SG
Translation: I give (it/them) to you
Language: Sanskrit
Transcription: cārāï naï nirmala nīra
Glosses: road LOC pure water
Translation: A limpid lake close by the road
Language: Sanskrit
Transcription: ā̃vyā rā kan̩hai
Glosses: come.M.PL king LOC/ALL
Translation: [They] went to the Raja (king)
Language: Sanskrit
Transcription: te savihū̃ naï karaũ paranām
Glosses: 3PL all.OBL LOC/ALL do.PRS.1SG salutation
Translation: I bow to all of them (in front of/ for)
Language: Haryanvi
Transcription: rupay tī us-tī le lo
Glosses: money ACC 3SG-ABL take take.IMP
Translation: Take the money from him
Language: Haryanvi
Transcription: kutte nae dande nae mārya
Glosses: dog ACC stick INS strike.INS
Translation: Strike the dog with the stick
Language: Haryanvi
Transcription: balkā nae tor̩iyā honge
Glosses: child.M.PL ERG break PRSUMPT.3M.PL
Translation: The children have probably broken
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Busco al / *el médico .
Glosses: seek.1SG DOM.the / the doctor
Translation: I am seeking the doctor.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Envié a mi hermana a Caracas .
Glosses: sent.1SG DOM my sister to Caracas
Translation: I sent my sister to Caracas.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El maestro presentó Ø su mujer a los alumnos .
Glosses: the teacher introduced.3SG _ his wife to the students
Translation: The teacher introduced his wife to the students.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ??/*El maestro presentó a su mujer a los alumnos .
Glosses: ??/*the teacher introduced.3SG DOM his wife to the students
Translation: The teacher introduced his wife to the students.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El maestro le presentó a su mujer a Juan .
Glosses: the teacher DAT.3SG introduced.3SG DOM his wife to Juan
Translation: The teacher introduced his wife to Juan.’ (judgement according to )
Language: Spanish
Transcription: *Le enviaron a todos los heridos a la doctora .
Glosses: DAT.3SG sent.3PL DOM all the injured to the doctor
Translation: They sent all the injured to the doctor.’ (judgement according to )
Language: Spanish
Transcription: E dio Ercules a Manilop a la reyna Anthipa , su Hermana .
Glosses: and gave.3SG Hercules to Manilop DOM the queen Anthipa his sister
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El dio Ø sus fijas a aquellos dos infantes ante todos sus ricos omnes .
Glosses: he gave.3SG _ his daughters to those two infants in.front.of all his rich men
Translation: He gave his daughters to those two princes in front of all his rich men.’ (GE (General Estoria), 344, 13th century, quoted after )
Language: Spanish
Transcription: A Mendo , hijo de hermana menor , le quiero dar a Leonor .
Glosses: to Mendo son of sister younger DAT.3SG want.1SG give.INF DOM Leonor
Translation: To Mendo, son of (my) younger sister, I want to give Leonor.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Aun si les dieran Ø media mujer a cada uno , fuera menor el daño .
Glosses: even if DAT.3PL gave.3PL _ half woman to each one.MASC would.be.3SG less the damage
Translation: Even if they gave half a woman to each one (of them), the damage would be less.’ (Castro, Guillén de. (1569–1631), El conde de Irlos.)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Conozco *(a) este actor .
Glosses: know.1.SG DOM this actor
Translation: I know this actor.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Conozco (*a) esta película .
Glosses: know.1.SG _ this film
Translation: I know this film.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: En esta receta la leche puede sustituir *el/al huevo .
Glosses: in this recipe the milk can substitute the/DOM.the egg
Translation: In this recipe the milk can substitute the egg.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Vi *(a) la/una mujer .
Glosses: saw.1SG DOM the/a woman
Translation: I saw the / a woman.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Necesitan (a) un ayudante que sepa inglés .
Glosses: need.3PL DOM an assistant that know.3SG English
Translation: They need an assistant who knows English.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Necesitan (*a) camarero .
Glosses: they.need _ waiter
Translation: They need a waiter.
Language: Romanian
Transcription: *(A) muchos estudiantes , ya los conocía .
Glosses: *(DOM) many students, already them knew.1SG
Translation: Many students I already knew.
Language: Old Spanish
Transcription: Reçiba a mios yernos commo elle pudier mejor .
Glosses: receive.IMP.2SG DOM my sons.in.law as he could.3SG better
Translation: Have him welcome my sons-in-law as best he can.
Language: Old Spanish
Transcription: Ca yo case sus fijas con yfantes de Carrion .
Glosses: for I married.1SG his daughters with Infantes of Carrion
Translation: for I married his daughters to the Infantes of Carrion.
Language: Old Spanish
Transcription: Tanto traen las grandes ganançias , muchos gañados de ovejas e de vacas .
Glosses: very brought.3PL the big wealths many herds of sheep and of cows
Translation: They brought such great wealth, many herds of sheep and cows.
Language: Latin
Transcription: Ema y Tito observaron a Ana .
Glosses: Ema and Tito observe.PST.3SG DOM Ana
Translation: Ema and Tito observed Ana.
Language: Latin
Transcription: Ana fue observada por Ema y Tito .
Glosses: Ana was observed by Ema and Tito
Translation: Ana was observed by Ema and Tito.
Language: Latin
Transcription: A: ¿Viste a Kiko ?
Glosses: _ see.PST.2SG DOM Kiko
Translation: Did you see Kiko?
Language: Spanish
Transcription: B: Sí , lo vi .
Glosses: _ Yes, ACC.3SG see.PST.1SG
Translation: Yes, I saw him.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: A Claudito lo vi por primera vez en diciembre .
Glosses: DOM Claudito ACC.3SG see.PST.1SG for first time in December
Translation: Claudito, I saw him for the first time in December.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: ¿Conoces a Juan ? Sí , le conozco hace tiempo .
Glosses: know.2SG DOM Juan . Yes, ACC.3SG know.1SG since time
Translation: Do you know Juan? Yes, I know him since some time.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: El maestro le presentó (a) su hijo al alumno .
Glosses: the teacher DAT.3SG present.PST.3SG (DOM) his son to.the student
Translation: The teacher presented his son to the student.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Juan (le) dio una limosna a nuestro vecino ayer .
Glosses: Juan (DAT.3SG) give.PST.3SG a charity DAT our neighbor yesterday
Translation: Juan gave our neighbor a charity yesterday.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Juan regaló un libro a María , y Pablo le regaló flores .
Glosses: Juan present.PST.3SG a book to Maria, and Pablo DAT.3SG present.PST.3SG flowers
Translation: Juan presented a book to Maria and Pablo presented her flowers.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: María viaja a París , y Ana *le / allá viaja , también .
Glosses: María travel.3SG to Paris, and Ana *DAT.3SG / there travel-3SG, too
Translation: María travels to Paris and Ana travels there, too.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Lola (le) dio el jugete a Pablo .
Glosses: Lola (DAT.3SG) give.PST.3SG the toy to Pablo
Translation: Lola gave the toy to Pablo.’ (CInd)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Presentaron Ø la hija a los invitados .
Glosses: introduce.PST.3SG _ the daughter to the guests
Translation: They introduced the daughter to the guests.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: *Les presentaron a la hija a los invitados .
Glosses: DAT.3PL introduce.PST.3PL DOM the daughter to the guests
Translation: 'They introduced the daughter to the guests.’ (: 1554, fn. 79)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: María hizo trabajar los domingos a/*Ø un empleado .
Glosses: María made work the Sundays DOM an employee
Language: Spanish
Transcription: María les hizo visitar a/Ø un enfermo a/*Ø unas empleadas .
Glosses: María PL.DAT made visit DOM a sick DAT some employees
Language: Spanish
Transcription: María vio caer a/*Ø un niño .
Glosses: María saw fall DOM a child
Language: Spanish
Transcription: María vio a/*Ø una empleada visitar a/Ø un enfermo .
Glosses: María saw DAT an employee visit DOM a sick
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Ayer vieron la mayoría de los hombres a/Ø un niño .
Glosses: yesterday saw the most of the men DOM a child
Translation: Yesterday most of the men saw a child.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Ayer entregaron a/Ø un niño a la mayoría de las madres .
Glosses: yesterday delivered DOM a child DAT the majority of the mothers
Translation: Yesterday they delivered a child to most of the mothers.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Devolvieron a/Ø un prisionero a su tribu .
Glosses: They-returned DOM a prisoner to his tribe
Translation: They returned a prisoner to his tribe.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Təti-rə merigi͡ai-ʔ t’entïrï-ʔi-ðə n’enat’ə-ʔa bakəə-ʔa-m-tï n’akəl’i-ʔe …
Glosses: that-2SG(POSS) quick-GEN.PL make-PF-3SG.RC huge-AUGM scraper-AUGM-ACC-3SG(POSS) take-PF(3SG.SC) …
Translation: He prepared everything and took the big scraper …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tahari͡aa ŋoj-mə təbə-l’i-ʔe-ŋ .
Glosses: now leg-ACC.1SG(POSS) press-INCH-PF-2SG.SC
Translation: You are squeezing my leg now.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Sənəhu͡aa ŋəði-ʔə .
Glosses: larch(ACC) find-PF(3SG.SC)
Translation: He found a larch.
Language: Avam
Transcription: … bintiʔs’i nenat’a-ʔa kuba-ʔa təða-ʔa
Glosses: _ wolverine huge(ACC)-AUGM skin.ACC-AUGM bring-PF(3SG.SC)
Translation: … he brought a huge skin of the wolverine.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Bəńd’ə təniʔia sʼiər-tʼi dʼebta-ʔa .
Glosses: all(ACC) so affair(ACC)-PL.3SG(POSS) tell-PF(3SG.SC)
Translation: He told all the news.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Tahari͡aa satəra-ŋku maa-güǝ hünʼsʼərəədʼəə latəə-j ŋonəi-ʔ təða-ʔa .
Glosses: now polar.fox-DIM what-CL ancient(ACC) bone-ACC.PL one.more-GEN.PL bring-PF(3SG.SC)
Translation: Then the little polar fox brings some old bones.
Language: Avam
Transcription: … mirəima-ʔ sojbu-ʔə-ʔ nʼenama-gitə .
Glosses: _ step-NOM.PL begin.to.sound-PF-3PL.SC neighbour-ABL.PL
Translation: The steps of the neighbour resounded.
Language: Avam
Transcription: (*Sïtïŋ) tahari͡aa maara-j kotə-kə-ndu-ʔ .
Glosses: (*they) now any-ACC.PL destroy-ITER-AOR-3PL.SC
Translation: They kill everything.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Maa-ðə (*tənə) mənə muaʔkuj-ŋu-əu-ŋ ?
Glosses: what-ABL.ADV (*you) I torment-INTERR-EXCL-2SG.SC
Translation: Why are you tormenting me?
Language: Avam
Transcription: N’enatʼə-ʔa hu͡aa-ʔa katʼəmi-ʔə .
Glosses: huge(ACC)-AUGM tree(ACC)-AUGM see-AOR.3SG.SC
Translation: He noticed a tall tree.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Mənə təəśəðə təʔ ŋəmnam-suə-m .
Glosses: I totally you.know be.hungry-PST-1SG.SC
Translation: I was totally hungry.
Language: Avam
Transcription: *(Mi) təndə śiəðïr-mənï ŋimi-ľə-rɨ-ʔi-niʔ
Glosses: we.DU that.GEN window-PROL drag-INCH-PASS-AOR-1DU.RC
Translation: We were dragged through the window.
Language: Avam
Transcription: tahari͡aa tïmini͡a tïŋ ŋəðə-ʔki-ʔə-m
Glosses: now now you.PL(ACC) examine-RES-AOR-1SG.SC
Translation: Now I will search you.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Bejkiʔmi͡aʔku tʼüü-tʼü kunsï-mənï mi mütəmi-ʔə
Glosses: Beikimyaku sleeping.bag-GEN.3SG(POSS) inside-PROL we.DU(ACC) put-AOR(3SG.SC)
Translation: Bejkimjaku puts us in her sleeping bag.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Ka’təmi-ʔe-ðu .
Glosses: look-PF-3SG.OC
Translation: He has looked at it.
Language: Avam
Transcription: kuni-ðe ŋətə-d’üəd’əə-ðuŋ ?
Glosses: where-ABL find-PSTPF-3PL.OC
Translation: Where did they find it?
Language: Avam
Transcription: Bəńd’ə-ʔ sïtï n’üəsïj-t’i-ʔ təndə kobtu͡a-m-tuŋ n’üəsï-ndï-ʔ .
Glosses: all-PL she kiss-PRS-3PL.SC there girl-ACC.SG-3PL(POSS) kiss-PRS-3PL.SC
Translation: All people kissed her, they kissed their girl there.
Language: Avam
Transcription: maa ńakələ-tə-ŋɨ
Glosses: what(ACC) take-FUT-INTER(3SG.SC)
Translation: What does it take?
Language: Avam
Transcription: tahari͡aa maara-j kotə-kə-ntu-ʔ
Glosses: now any-ACC.PL bag-ITER-PRS-3PL.SC
Translation: They kill everything.
Language: Avam
Transcription: ŋonəi-ʔ śigiʔi-ʔ luu-ʔə-m-tu śeri-ʔə
Glosses: one.more-ADV ogre-GEN.PL parka-AUGM-ACC-SG.3SG(POSS) put.on-PF(3SG.SC)
Translation: He has put on once more the ogre’s parka.
Language: Avam
Transcription: Ta-gǝtǝ lakarїari͡aʔ maagüə saü d’indi-ʔə-gǝj .
Glosses: that-ABL suddenly somewhat noise(ACC) hear-PF-3DU.SC
Translation: Then they suddenly heard some noise.
Language: Avam
Transcription: tə-tə tahari͡abiɁ /ńerəbtukuɁ/ ńimə hon-tïə ban-tu təi-śüə ďeŋkuə banu-Ɂə təti bəjkaɁa
Glosses: well now /at.first/ name(ACC) have-PTCP dog-3SG(POSS) be.available-PST(3SG.SC) white dog-AUGM that old.man
Translation: The famous white dog originally belonged to the old man.
Language: Avam
Transcription: ban-əm-tu śüküða-Ɂa-ðu tahari͡aa buəgəlïðə-j ŋantəmə-gə-śa ban-əm-tu mütəmi-Ɂə ďebakuə turka-Ɂa ńa-ntə i-śa
Glosses: dog-ACC-3SG(POSS) strangle-AOR-3SG.OC now good.words-ACC.PL pray-ITER-INF dog-ACC.3SG(POSS) send-AOR(3SG.SC) red.GEN lake-AUGM.GEN friend-LAT be-INF
Translation: The dog he strangled, praying good words he sent the dog to the ground of the red lake.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Nʼe tarʼem ma: …
Glosses: woman so say(3SG.SC) …
Translation: The woman said: …
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Tʼi Tes’ada n’is’e-mi m’apoj-m pod’erŋa .
Glosses: so Tesjada father-1SG(POSS) small.reindeer.caravan-ACC harness(3SG.SC)
Translation: So, my father Tesjada harnessed a small reindeer caravan.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Ŋarka Wel’i teta xasawa n’u-m malca-xa-danta nixibta-da , man-ma:
Glosses: big Welji farmer man child-ACC malice-DAT-3SG.DAT pull-3SG.OC pull-NARR
Translation: He caught hold of the malice of the son of the old Weli-farmer and said:
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Tǝd°xǝw°ʔ yur° m’an° tī nikelŋa .
Glosses: now(AFF) hundred about reindeer(PL+ACC) set.apart(3SG.SC)
Translation: It split up about a hundred reindeer (from the herd).
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: P’i sawo jern’a p’ib’i s’era-dm , wen’eko-dar’em p’in n’alkara-dm .
Glosses: night good in.the.middle.of boot(PL+ACC) put.on-1SG dog-EQU out slink-1SG
Translation: In the middle of the night I put on my boots and slipped out of the tent like a dog.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Tʼet jonarʔ tí-da ŋob-t mandalʼa-dʔ .
Glosses: four thousand reindeer(NOM+PL)-3SG(POSS) one-DAT assemble-3PL.RC
Translation: His four thousand reindeers assembled in one group.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Tʼiki tí-da jarka , podʼer-ja-da .
Glosses: that reindeer(ACC+PL)-3SG(POSS) catch(3SG.SUBJ) harness-PL.O-3SG.OC
Translation: He caught and harnessed these reindeers.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: … n’enaca-ʔ jab’el-mi-d
Glosses: _ man-PL(NOM) make.drunk-PTCP.PASS-3PL.RC
Translation: … the people get drunk.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: … Welʼi teta-ʔ jamdaj-dʔ .
Glosses: … _ Weli.land.owner-PL(NOM) leave-3PL.RC
Translation: … the Weli-farmers left.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Tʼiki pu-d s’imʼi ŋawla .
Glosses: that behind-ABL me(ACC) feed(3SG.SC)
Translation: After that she gave me some food.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Xumpa°nc’iʔ s’it ŋædara-dəm-c‘°.
Glosses: in.vain you(ACC) send-1SG.SC-PST
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Yebtow°ʔ , ŋəmke-m mǝneʔŋa-ney°ʔ ?
Glosses: darling(FOC) what-ACC see-2SG.SC.FOC
Translation: Darling, what can you see?
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Jaxa xara tʼa-xana ŋob mʼadʼiko-m xo-dmʔ .
Glosses: river curve there-LOC one small.tent-ACC find-1SG.SC
Translation: After the bend of the river I found a small tent.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Xuc'erʔ miŋku-da ?
Glosses: how marry-3SG.OC
Translation: How could he marry her?
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Tad maneŋa-da .
Glosses: then behold-3SG.OC
Translation: Then he realized it.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: N’is’a-da s’ita ladə .
Glosses: father-3SG(POSS) him-(ACC) hit(3SG.SC)
Translation: His father hit him.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: T’ika-xeyu-da pod’erŋa .
Glosses: this-ACC.DU-3SG(POSS) harness(3SG.SC)
Translation: He harnessed those two.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: pix°də-m’i lad°ə-d°m .
Glosses: REFL-1SG hit-1SG.SC
Translation: I hit myself.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: pix°də-m’i lad°ə-w°.
Glosses: REFL-1SG hit-1SG.OC
Translation: I hit myself.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: N'is'a-m'i tan’a n’eb’a-m’i tan’a n’ud’a papa-ko-m’i tan’a .
Glosses: father-1SG(POSS) exist(3SG.SC) mother-1SG(POSS) exist(3SG.SC) young brother-DIM-1SG(POSS) exist(3SG.SC)
Translation: There is my father, my mother and my little brother.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: N'is'a-m'i Tes’ada-ŋæ pær-c’eti-da .
Glosses: father-ACC+1SG(POSS) Tesjada-ESS call-HAB-3SG.OC
Translation: My father is called Tesjada.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Ŋobŋ-kuna n’is’a-m’i n’eb’a-xa-n’i ma:
Glosses: one-LOC father-1SG(POSS) mother-DAT-1SG(POSS) say(3SG.SC)
Translation: Once, my father told my mother:
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: N'is'a-m'i jil'e-m'a-m-ta s'eroku-ta s'er wad'eŋa-da .
Glosses: father-1SG(POSS) live-NMLZ-ACC-3SG(POSS) separate-3SG(POSS) affair tell-3SG.OC
Translation: My father told me what he lived through in detail
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: N’ud’a Way° xada-wi° n’e°ka-xǝnta tæwi°-ʔ .
Glosses: little Waya kill-PSTPF.PTCP elder.brother-DAT.3SG(POSS) arrive-3SG.RC
Translation: Younger Waya reached the place where his murdered brother lay.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Xalm’era-m-toʔ s'id’a xoba-ʔ n’iʔ peŋa-doʔ .
Glosses: dead.body-ACC-3PL(POSS) two skin-GEN onto put-3PL.OC
Translation: They put the dead body (of their brother) onto two skins.
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Lobeku-ʔ n’eb’a ma: “Ŋemc’i-da temna səwa-ʔ .
Glosses: Lobeku-GEN mother say(3SG.SC) flesh.3PL-3SG(POSS) still good-3PL
Translation: Lobeku’s mother said: “His muscles are still good.”
Language: Tundra Nenets
Transcription: Xəd°riʔ yil’e-bt’e-° xorta-nakew°.
Glosses: of.course live-CAUS-MOD try-PROB.1SG.OC
Translation: I might try and revive him.”
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Te nebr-ið…
Glosses: reindeer run.away-3SG.RC
Translation: The reindeer runs away.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: … to ar te kaða-ð
Glosses: _ such size reindeer(ACC) kill-1SG.SC
Translation: I have killed such a big reindeer.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Kiuða šer to-sau-jet sama-ðiʔ .
Glosses: morning(GEN) before come-PROB+PST(3SG.SC)-EMPH beast-3DU(POSS)
Translation: But in the morning their bear apparently came.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Oti-ðiʔ oti-ðiʔ bogl’a-diʔ .
Glosses: wait-3DU.OC wait-3DU.OC bear-ACC+3DU(POSS)
Translation: They waited for their bear.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: čan-da mi-n kari-ʔ tonä-bi-č
Glosses: tub-GEN+3SG(POSS) in-LOC fish-PL exist-PRF-PST+3PL.SC
Translation: (and) in a tub there were fishes
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Salba ne-on kari-ʔ noo-bi-š .
Glosses: ice(GEN) on-PROL fish-PL(ACC) take-PRF-PST+3SG.SC
Translation: Along the ice, the bear took fishes along.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Kasi-ðu d’oxara-ʔ
Glosses: man-PL+3PL(POSS) not.know-3PL.SC
Translation: The men do not know each other.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Kutui-ðu kasi-ðu paroxodo-xoðo karaa-t’i…
Glosses: some(ACC)-PL+3PL(POSS) man(ACC)-PL+3PL(POSS) steamer-ABL take.along-3PL.SC+PST
Translation: They took along some of their fellows with the steamer.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: modʼ sʼi-t kojta-da-ð
Glosses: I you-ACC.SG set.up-FUT-1SG.SC
Translation: I will trick you.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: obu ɛke-n ponʼi-ŋa-d
Glosses: what this-LOC.ADV do-FREQ-2SG.SC
Translation: What are you doing here?
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Točgoð čiki kaði läxäči ne-on ŋubai pu-da-ʔ .
Glosses: then this fur(GEN) twig(ACC) on-PROL mat(ACC) lay-FUT-3PL.SC
Translation: Then they will lay a mat on the fur twigs.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Ŋubai ne-on ańʔ čiki mu koba-ʔ läxta-da-ʔ
Glosses: mat(GEN) on-PROL FOC this so skin(PL) spread-FUT-3PL.SC
Translation: Over the mat, they will spread out skins.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Mud’ s’ita soiða-n täne-u .
Glosses: I he(ACC) good-PROL know-1SG.OC
Translation: I know him well.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Čiki-ru-δa oo-ma-ða .
Glosses: this-LIM-3SG eat-RES-3SG.OC
Translation: Only this it had eaten.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Mod' nas'il tuda-a-b-o-s'.
Glosses: I not.easily recognize-PRS-1SG.OC-EP-PST
Translation: I hardly recognized him.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Sirta-b-i-ða bočka mi-ʔ …
Glosses: salt-PRF-OBJ.PL-3SG.OC barrel(GEN) in-LAT …
Translation: They salted them into a barrel.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: dʼiri-bi ŋo-lʼu dʼa-xan tobik anʼ te
Glosses: live-NARR(3SG.SC) one-LIM earth-LOC.SG mouse and reindeer
Translation: There lived on the earth a mouse and a reindeer.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: te d'oxara-ða tobik , tobik d'oxara-ða te
Glosses: reindeer not.know-3SG.OC mouse(ACC) mouse not.know-3SG.OC reindeer(ACC)
Translation: The reindeer does not know the mouse and the mouse does not know the reindeer.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Mod’ onaj baða-an sujða-an d’uri-ŋa-ð .
Glosses: I true language-PROL.SG good-PROL.SG say-PRS-1SG.SC
Translation: I speak Enets well.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: D'urak baða ŋubtoreɁ sujða-an tɛnɛɛ-w
Glosses: Nenets language(ACC) also good-PROL.SG know-1SG.OC
Translation: I also speak Nenets well.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Mud’na okružkom aga bem äsi mäku-xuð-da mosa-xa-da kada-bi-ða .
Glosses: we(PL) party.committee(GEN) big boss father(ACC) house-ABL.SG-3SG(POSS) work-LAT.SG-3SG(POSS) take-PRF-3SG.OC
Translation: An official from our party committee came to take father from his house to work.
Language: Forest Enets
Transcription: Äsi-j pe-t käni-ta-š nu lokri toru-ða
Glosses: father-1SG(POSS) street-LAT go-FUT-PST(3SG.SC) door suddenly close-3SG.OC
Translation: My father went out on the street and suddenly closed the door.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: … [a-zü=no]A [küma]O yipesü-u-ve .
Glosses: _ NRL-water=no]A [3DUO­ sweep-go-VM
Translation: … the water swept them both away.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: … [küma=ye]A [a-kishina]O chu-kha-mo-ve=ke=hu …
Glosses: … _ 3DU=ye]A [NRL-lunch]O eat-NCPL-NEG-VM=NZR=DIST
Translation: … they were unable to finish their lunch …
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Pa=no o=he .
Glosses: 3SG=no 2SG=hit
Translation: He hit you.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: No=no i=he .
Glosses: 2SG=no 1SG=hit
Translation: You hit me.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Küma a-lu=lo hu-niye=ke=lo …
Glosses: 3DU NRL-field=LOC go.field-PROS=NZR=LOC …
Translation: While the two were about to go to the field …
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: O Kivi=ye zü a-phi .
Glosses: EXCL Kivi=ye sleep PROG-CONT
Translation: Oh, Kivi is still sleeping.’ (2nd mention)
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Kivi=no zü a-ni .
Glosses: Kivi=no sleep PROG-NPST
Translation: Kivi (not someone else) is sleeping.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: I=no a-lhache he-qhi-ve .
Glosses: 1SG=no NRL-ant­ hit-kill-VM
Translation: I killed an ant.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: … a-zü=no küma yipesü-u-ve .
Glosses: _ NRL-water=no 3DU­ sweep-go-VM
Translation: … the water swept them both away.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Ni-nga=no kuu shi-va kea ?
Glosses: 1PL-child=no what do-PRF Q
Translation: What has our daughter done?
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Ni=ye ni-nga=sütsa chu-mla-va-i .
Glosses: 1SG=ye 1PL-daughter=voice hear-NCAP-PRF-EMPH
Translation: I no longer hear any news from our daughter.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Ni-nga=ye kuu shi-va kea ?
Glosses: 1PL-child=ye what do-PRF Q
Translation: What has happened to our daughter?
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Pa=ye a-ji pele-ve .
Glosses: 3SG=ye NRL-blood spill-VM
Translation: He was bleeding.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Pa=no a-ji pele-ve .
Glosses: 3SG=no NRL-blood spill-VM
Translation: He threw away blood.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: A-kü-ka-u=no a-zah tsü-ve .
Glosses: NRL-NZP-rule-DEF=no NRL-command give-VM
Translation: The chief gave a command.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: A-kü-ka-u=ye a-zah tsü-ve .
Glosses: NRL-NZP-rule-DEF=ye NRL-command give-VM
Translation: The chief gave a command.’ (One interpretation: has a sarcastic reading and implies no one obeyed him.)
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Tishi=no [küma=no a-xone lho-chu-phe=püzü=no] tingu=no a-la-u=ye Sümi=qo=ye a-xone lho-chu-u-ve].
Glosses: like.that=no [3DU=no NRL-ferm.soya.beans cook-eat-start=CONJ=CONN] because.of.that=no NRL-path-DEF=ye [Sumi=PL=ye NRL-ferm.soya.beans cook-eat-go-VM]
Translation: Henceforth, the two (sisters) started to cook and eat axone (a fermented soya bean dish) and consequently from then on, the Sumis have cooked and eaten axone.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: … a-tianu a-u-ve=mu [a-kimi=no li=sapüsa]
Glosses: _ NRL-children EXIST-go-VM=NEG NRL-husband=no 3SG.F=mistreat]
Translation: … despite having children, the husband mistreated her.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Kivi zü a-ni .
Glosses: Kivi sleep PROG-NPST
Translation: Kivi is sleeping.’ (1st mention)
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: A-kulu=ye ighi=va .
Glosses: NRL-light=ye come-PRF
Translation: The power has come back.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Pa=no nu-va .
Glosses: 3SG=no laugh-PRF
Translation: He laughed (not anyone else).’ (answers the question: “Who laughed?”)
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: … A-mpeu=no iqi-e .
Glosses: _ NRL-lord=no descend-EMPH
Translation: … the Lord came down.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Pa-za=ye Sümi .
Glosses: 3SG-mother=ye Sumi
Translation: His mother is Sumi.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Pa-za=no Sümi .
Glosses: 3SG-mother=no Sumi
Translation: His mother is Sumi.’ (not his father, not anyone else)
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Ni=ye a-tsü a-ni .
Glosses: 1SG=ye NRL-dog EXIST-NPST
Translation: I have a dog.
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: Khaghi a-ghuloki lakhi=lo a-tsünipu kini a-che=ke=ti …
Glosses: long.ago NRL-time.period one=LOC NRL-sister two EXIST-PST=NZR=MED …
Translation: Once upon a time, there were two sisters …
Language: Sumi Naga
Transcription: No=ye a-xone a-lo che-ni kea ?
Glosses: 2SG=ye NRL-fermented.soya.beans NRL-good HAB-NPST Q
Language: Khezha Naga
Transcription: Mary nü ketsü eh beh a .
Glosses: Mary NOM garden LOC EXIST PART
Translation: Mary is in the garden.
Language: Mao
Transcription: Athikho Lokho-yi kahie .
Glosses: Athikho Lokho-LOC be.close ? 
Translation: Athikho is close (in spatial distance) to Lokho.