lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kahál’ha=ku7 na=nts’ao7mík=a l=ta=tsal’álh=a .
Glosses: CIRC-appear-CIRC=REPORT =great.grandmother= PREP=DET=Tsal’álh=EXIS
Translation: My great-grandmother was born in Tsal’álh.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lisi le zhouzi .                                                   MANDARIN
Glosses: Lisi wipe-dry-PFV table
Translation: Lisi wiped the table dry.’ (Lin 2004: 91)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lisi le zhouzi .                                                                         MANDARIN
Glosses: Lisi wipe-dry-PFV table
Translation: Lisi wiped the table dry.’ (Lin 2004: 91)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sanmao le jingzi .                         MANDARIN
Glosses: Sanmao bang-crack-PFV mirror
Translation: Sanmao banged the mirror, cracking it.’ (Tham 2012: 602)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lisi le wanpan .
Glosses: Lisi wipe-dry-PFV dishes
Translation: Lisi wiped the dishes dry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jingzi liele .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: mirror crack-PFV
Translation: The mirror cracked.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Sanmao liele jingzi .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: Sanmoa crack-PFV mirror
Translation: Intended: ‘Sanmao cracked the mirror.’ (Tham 2012: 601)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sanmao pengliele jingzi .
Glosses: Sanmoa collide-crack-PFV mirror
Translation: Sanmao banged the mirror, cracking it.’ (Tham 2012: 602)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wanpan (*hen) ganle .
Glosses: dishes very dry-PFV
Translation: The dishes dried.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Sanmao ganle wanpan .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: Sanmao dry-PFV dishes
Translation: Intended: ‘Sanmao dried the dishes.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Lisi caganle wanpan .
Glosses: Lisi wipe-dry-PFV dishes
Translation: Lisi wiped the dishes dry.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: John (*hen) mo(*hen)baole nakuai tiepian                         MANDARIN
Glosses: John very rub-very-be.thin-PFV that-CLF metal-plate
Translation: Intended: ‘John rubbed that metal plate very thin.’ (J. Liu 2021: 75)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zhangsan you dakaile men .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: Zhangsan again hit-open-PFV door
Translation: Zhangsan opened the door again.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zhangsan you dakaile men .                                                     MANDARIN
Glosses: Zhangsan again hit-open-PFV door
Translation: Zhangsan opened the door again.’ (Xu 2016: 24)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Zhangsan you xiloule lianpen .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: Zhangsan again wash-leak-PFV washbasin
Translation: Intended: ‘Zhangsan made the sink leak by washing (some clothes) again.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā faʻamamā e Malia le laulau .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST CAUS-clean ERG Mary ART table.ABS
Translation: Mary cleaned the table.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Sā faʻamamā le laulau .
Glosses: PST CAUS-clean ART table.ABS
Translation: Intended: ‘The table became clean.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā faʻatala e Malia le faitotoʻa .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST CAUS-STAT-open ERG Mary ART door.ABS
Translation: Mary opened the door.’ (lit.: ‘Mary caused the door to be opened.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā faʻasuavai e le teine le gao .
Glosses: PST CAUS-ANTICAUS-liquid ERG ART girl ART fat.ABS
Translation: The girl melted the fat.’ (lit.: ‘The girl caused the fat to become liquid.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā toe solo~solo faʻamamā e Pita le laulau .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST again RED~wipe CAUS-clean ERG Peter ART table.ABS
Translation: Peter again cleaned the table by wiping it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā toe solo faʻamamā e Pita le laulau .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST again wipe CAUS-clean ERG Peter ART table.ABS
Translation: Peter cleaned the table again by wiping it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā [[[solo vave] faʻamamā] e Malia le laulau .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST wipe quick CAUS-clean ERG Mary ART table.ABS
Translation: Mary cleaned the table by wiping it quickly.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā [[[solo faʻamamā] vave] e Malia le laulau .
Glosses: PST wipe CAUS-clean quick ERG Mary ART table.ABS
Translation: Mary cleaned the table quickly by wiping it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Sā fa’agao faʻala’iti e Pita le lala .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST CAUS-break CAUS-small ERG Peter ART branch.ABS
Translation: Intended: Peter made the branch small by breaking it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Sā lamu (pulu) faʻapa~paʻe e le teine nifo .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST chew gum CAUS-RED~white ERG ART girl teeth.ABS
Translation: Intended: ‘The girl whitened her teeth by chewing (gum).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā lamu pulu e faʻapa~paʻe ai ona nifo .
Glosses: PST chew gum GENR CAUS-RED~white ANAPH 3SG.POSS teeth.ABS
Translation: She chewed gum to whiten her teeth.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Shox bala derizini    chaqiwetdiø .                         UYGHUR
Glosses: naughty child window-ACC hand-3SG.POSS-REL stone-ACC throw-LK break-COMPL-PST-3SG
Translation: The naughty child broke the window by throwing the stone in their/her/his hand.’ (Sugar 2019: 123)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā  faʻamamā e Malia le laulau .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST wipe CAUS-clean ERG Mary ART table.ABS
Translation: Mary cleaned the table by wiping it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: S’wst҆aq҆cisᵃ .                                                                                                    ATSUGEWI
Glosses: 1SG>3SG.FACT-with.stick-move.icky.material-into.fire-1SG>3SG.FACT
Translation: I prodded the guts into the fire with a stick.’ (Talmy 2000: 59)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription:  neveli a gyerekeket .                                       HUNGARIAN
Glosses: football.player-DAT train.PRES.SG ART child-PL.ACC
Translation: S/he trains the children to become football players.’ (Matushansky 2012: 32)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ngajurlu=rna pakarnu nyampu jampita .                         WARLPIRI
Glosses: 1SG-ERG=1SG.SBJ hit-PST this can flatness-TRANS
Translation: I hit this can flat.’ (Margit Bowler, p.c.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sanmao pengle jingzi .                                                            MANDARIN
Glosses: Sanmao bang-crack-PFV mirror
Translation: Sanmao banged the mirror, cracking it.’ (Tham 2012: 602)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sā pulu faʻatala e Malia le faitoto’a .                         SAMOAN
Glosses: PST push CAUS-STAT-open ERG Mary ART door.ABS
Translation: Mary opened the door by pushing it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wazi xile .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: socks wash-PFV
Translation: The socks washed.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wazi xiganjingle .
Glosses: socks wash-clean-PFV
Translation: Lit.: ‘The socks washed clean.’ (Martin et al. forthcoming: 9)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Shu kandaole .                                                                                                                            MANDARIN
Glosses: tree chop-fall-PFV
Translation: The tree got chopped down.’ (Lin 2004: 105)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Zhangsan chibaole .
Glosses: Zhangsan eat-full-PFV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Xiaohair yabubian nituan .                                                  MANDARIN
Glosses: child press-NEG-flat mudball
Translation: The child is unable to flatten the mudball by pressing it.’ (Tham 2012: 609)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oni vchera nanyali kogoto , kto govorit pofrancuzski , a takzhe ponemecki .
Glosses: They yesterday hired who-EI who speaks at-French, and also at-German . 
Translation: They hired someone who speaks French yesterday, and also German.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oni vchera nanjali kogoto , kto govorit pofrancuzski , a takzhe ètot chelovek govorit ponemecki .
Glosses: They yesterday hired who-EI who speaks at-French, and also this person speaks at-German . 
Translation: They hired someone who speaks French yesterday, and this person also speaks German.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: canta
Glosses: sing-ThV1
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bebe
Glosses: drink-ThV2
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: vivi
Glosses: live-ThV3
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cant(*a)o
Glosses: sing-ThV-1sg, ‘I sing’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: soy
Glosses: am, ‘I am’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: clar e a
Glosses: clear -vbls -ThV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sali
Glosses: go.out-ThV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Parte !
Glosses: leave-ThV.imp
Translation: Leave!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Juan {es / está} alto . Juan canta
Glosses: Juan isˢᵉʳ / isᵉˢᵗᵃʳ tall Juan sing-ThV
Translation: Juan is tall’ ‘Juan is singing
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: estar > estuviste
Glosses: to.be  be-ThV-2sg.pfcv ‘you were’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cantar > cantaste
Glosses: to.sing sing-ThV-2sg.pfcv ‘you sang’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: beber > bebiste
Glosses: to.drink drink-ThV-2sg.pfcv ‘you drank’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: andar > anduviste
Glosses: to.walk walk-ThV-2sg.pfcv
Translation: you walked
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: andaste
Glosses: walk-ThV-2sg.pfcv
Translation: you walked
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *estaste
Glosses: be-ThV-2sg.pfcv
Translation: Intended: ‘you were
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: canta r í a
Glosses: sing-ThV -mood -ThV -ThV
Translation: I would sing
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: estuviste
Glosses: be.pfcv-ThV-2sg,
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: eramos
Glosses: be.impf-ThV-1pl
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . s(o)oy
Glosses: b . est(a)-oy
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . somos
Glosses: b . esta-mos
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hay cosas .
Glosses: have-there things
Translation: There are things
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: a . voy ‘I go’
Glosses: b . d-oy ‘I give’
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Envejece ! ‘Grow old !’
Glosses: grow.old-ThV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Produce ! ‘Produce !’
Glosses: produce-ThV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ¡Cae ! ‘Fall !’
Glosses: fall-ThV
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Petia budet schastliv , jesli kakajato devushka pridet .
Glosses: Petia will be-happy if some girl come-FUT
Translation: Petia will be happy if some girl comes.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ Qdet arthra (pano sto thema)], dhimosiefse o Kostas .
Glosses:  papers (on this topic) published-3SG the Kostas
Translation: Kostas published Q-det papers on this topic
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ehi [ Qdet vivlia] pano sto trapezi .
Glosses: has-3SG  books on the table
Translation: There are Q-det papers on the table
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Urenokotta hono]₁ Johnwa Maryni [t₁ san=satu] ageta .
Glosses: left-unsold books-ACC John-TOP Mary-DAT  three=CL gave
Translation: John gave Mary three (of the) unsold books.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Maryga₂ sukina hono]₁ Johnwa kanozyoni₂ [t₁ san=satu] ageta .
Glosses: Mary-NOM likes books-ACC John-TOP herDAT  three=CL gave
Translation: John gave Mary three of the books she liked.’ (partitive, *cardinal)
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ra'iti et=ha=sa'lon ‖
Glosses: saw-1 ACC=DEF=living.room
Translation: I saw the living room.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'sinu et=ze be=ʦu'ra mesu'deret ‖
Glosses: did-1 ACC=DEM in=shape organized
Translation: We did it in an organized manner.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'vadta be=bet .ma'lon /
Glosses: worked-2 in=hotel
Translation: Did you work in a hotel?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'mart li ‖
Glosses: said-2 to.me
Translation: You told me.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ha'jitem b=a=ʦafon ve b=a=merkaz ‖
Glosses: was-2 in=DEF=place and in=DEF=center
Translation: You were in the north and in the center.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'ni ra'iti et=ha='χeder ʃel 'gadi ‖
Glosses: 2 saw-2 ACC=DEF=room of Gadi
Translation: I saw Gadi’s room.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'val a'naχnu a'sinu et=ze be'jaχad ‖
Glosses: but 1 did-1 ACC=DEM together
Translation: But we did it together.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'ta a'vadta tov | kmo ta'mid ‖
Glosses: 1 worked-2 good like always
Translation: You worked well as always.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: at a'mart al=aʃ'dod ‖
Glosses: 2 said-2 on=Ashdod
Translation: You talked about Ashdod.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'tem lo ha'jitem be=kol=ma'kom ‖
Glosses: 2 NEG was-2 in=all=place
Translation: You were not everywhere.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ma hu a'saØ ʃam ‖
Glosses: what 3 did-3 there
Translation: What did he do there?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: hi lo bik'ʃa ‖
Glosses: 3 NEG asked-3
Translation: She didn’t ask (me to bring her).
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: hem pa'ʃut | hit'χilu lik'not | na'gid sug 'gimel ‖
Glosses: 3 just  started-3 to.buy let’s.say type C
Translation: They just started to buy low quality (meat).
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: az hitka'sharti li'ʃol o't=o ma daa't=o ‖
Glosses: so called-1SG to.ask ACC=3 what opinion=3
Translation: So I called to ask him for his opinion.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ma a'marØ /
Glosses: what said-3
Translation: What did he say?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: lo 'baa /
Glosses: NEG came-3
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: pa'ʃut a'su mi=ze sa'lon ‖
Glosses: just did-3 from=DEM living.room
Translation: They just made a living room out of it.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ka'tavti .
Glosses: wrote-1
Translation: I wrote.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ka'tavta .
Glosses: wrote-2
Translation: You wrote.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: hi kat'va .
Glosses: 3 wrote-3
Translation: She wrote.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'ni ka'tavti .
Glosses: 1 wrote-1
Translation: I wrote.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'ta ka'tavta .
Glosses: 2 wrote-2
Translation: You wrote.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: kat'va .
Glosses: wrote-3
Translation: (She) wrote.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: 'ani Øeχa'ke im=ze ‖
Glosses: 1 1-will.wait with=DEM
Translation: I will wait with it
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: tov a'naχnu neda'ber ma'χar ‖
Glosses: good 1 1-will.talk tomorrow
Translation: Ok, we will talk tomorrow.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: be=jom .ri'ʃon a'ta ti'ʃan eʦ'li |
Glosses: in=Sunday 2 2-will.sleep at=1SG
Translation: On Sunday you will sleep at my place.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: at ti'ri ‖
Glosses: 2 2-will.see ‖
Translation: You will see.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: a'tem tih'ju ba=dolo'mitim /
Glosses: 2 2-will.be in.the=Dolomites
Translation: You will visit (lit. be at) the Dolomites?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: od .me'at hu jih'je mena'hel ‖
Glosses: soon 3 3-will.be manager
Translation: He will be a manager soon.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: hi tih'je be'seder ‖
Glosses: 3 3-will.be fine
Translation: She will be fine.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: hem jena'su ‖
Glosses: 3 3-will.try ‖
Translation: They will try.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: az ta'vo li'ʃon eʦ'li ma'χar ‖
Glosses: so 2-will.buy to.sleep at.me tomorrow
Translation: So come to sleep at my place tomorrow.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: timʦe'i li o'to bevaka'ʃa ‖
Glosses: 2-will.see to.me ACC.3SGM please
Translation: Find it for me please.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ta'vou laχ'tom b=a=jo'man ‖
Glosses: 2-will.come to.sign in=DEF=diary
Translation: Come sign in the diary.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ʃe ja'vi li l=a='χeder ‖
Glosses: that 3-will.bring to.me to=DEF=room
Translation: Let him bring me (a pomegranate) to my room.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ʃe tik'ne                 ‖
Glosses: that 3-will.buy
Translation: Let her buy.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ʃe=lo ta'ki li b=a='oto ‖
Glosses: that=NEG 2-will.throw.up to.me in=DEF=car
Translation: Don’t you dare throwing up in my car.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: az boØ ne'leχ ‖
Glosses: so come.IMP-SGM 1-will.go
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: boØ ta'gid li […] ‖
Glosses: come.IMP-SGM 2-will.say to.me  
Translation: Tell me […].
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: jaa'le o'tanu b=a=mχir ʃel=ha=ze ‖
Glosses: 3-will.elevate us in=DEF=price of=DEF=DEM
Translation: He will let us get on (the bus) in this price.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: az ma taa'se ‖ az tam'ʃiχ la'ʦet i'to /
Glosses: so what 3-will do  so 3-will.continue to.go.out with.him
Translation: So what will she do? So she will continue going out with him?
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: tiχtov
Glosses: 3-will.write
Translation: Write!
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ata tiχtov
Glosses: 2 3-will.write
Translation: You will write.
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ʃe yiχtov
Glosses: that 3-will.write
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: hu yiχtov
Glosses: 3 3-will.write
Translation: He will write!
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: ʃe hu yiχtov
Glosses: that 3 3-will.write
Language: Modern Hebrew
Transcription: yiχtov
Glosses: 3-will.write
Translation: (He) will write.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Māmā chāi xord va fekr mikonam bābā qahve .
Glosses: mother tea ate.3SG and think IMPFV-do-1SG father coffee
Translation: Mother drank tea and I think father (drank) coffee.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Jiān be Sārā gol dād va fekr mikonam ke Ārtur be Giti ketāb .
Glosses: Jian to Sarah flower gave.3SG and think IMPFV-do-1SG that Arthur to Giti book
Translation: Jian gave flowers to Sarah, and I think that Arthur (gave) books to Giti.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Darekaga daremoo aisiteiru .
Glosses: Someone.NOM everyone.ACC love
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vanja prines kakujuto novost’ každoj sem’e
Glosses: Vania brought some news.ACC every familyDAT
Translation: Vania brought some piece of news to every family’ ∃ > ∀, ∀ > ∃
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Vanja prines kakojto sem’e každuju novost’
Glosses: Vania brought some family.DAT every news.ACC
Translation: Vania brought some family every piece of news’ ∃ > ∀, * ∀ > ∃
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: osiesssupnikka ?
Glosses: come-HON-PAST-INT.DEFERENTIAL
Translation: Did you arrive?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: osiesseyo ?
Glosses: come-HON-PAST-INT.POLITE
Translation: Did you arrive?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: oassni ?
Glosses: come-PAST-INT.PLAIN
Translation: Did you arrive?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: senpaynim , ceto kato toyeyo ?
Glosses: senior-ADD.HON, I.HUMBLE-too go-ok-INT.POLITE
Translation: Senior, can I come too?’ (younger student talking to an older one)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kulay , neto oala .
Glosses: yes, you.PLAIN-too come-IMPERATIVE.PLAIN
Translation: Yes, you come too!’ (older student talking to a younger one)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: acwumeni , yeki ramyenI eti isseyo ?
Glosses: older.lady, here ramen-NOM where exist-INT.POLITE
Translation: Ma’am, where is ramen?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ceki 7 pen thongloey isse .
Glosses: there 7 number aisle-LOC exist-DEC.INTIMATE
Translation: It’s in aisle 7.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: atul , ne oasse ?
Glosses: son, you.PLAIN come-PAST-INT.INTIMATE
Translation: Son, did you arrive?’ (a parent talking to a child)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: emma , osiesseyo ?
Glosses: mom, come-HON-PAST-INT.POLITE
Translation: Mom, did you arrive?’ (a child talking to a parent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: imo , cemsim mekesseyo ?
Glosses: aunt, lunch eat-PAST-INT.POLITE
Translation: Aunt, have you eaten lunch?’ (a niece talking to an aunt)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ung , nenun ?
Glosses: yes, you-TOP
Translation: Yes, how about you?’ (an aunt talking to a niece)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: sacangnim , cikum chwulpalhasi eya ha pnita .
Glosses: boss-ADD.HON, now leave-HON must DEC.DEFERENTIAL
Translation: Boss, you must leave now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: alkeysseyo .
Glosses: okay-DEC.POLITE
Translation: Okay.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ya , ne cikum ka ya ha ntako malhaesscanha !
Glosses: hey, you now go must PRS-DEC-CMP say-PST-CANH-DEC.INTIM
Translation: Hey, I said you have to go now!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: emeni , ce oasssupnita .
Glosses: mother, I.HUMBLE come-PAST-DEC.DEF
Translation: Mother, I came.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ememi/halmeni , ce cal tanyeokyesssupnita .
Glosses: mother/grandmother, I well go.and.come.back-will-DEC.DEF
Translation: Mother/grandmother, I will be back safely.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ememi/halmeni , ce kassta olkeyyo .
Glosses: mother/grandmother, I go.and come-will-DEC.POL
Translation: Mother/grandmother, I will be back.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: caney cenyek mekessna ?
Glosses: you dinner eat-PAST-DEC.FAMILIAR
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ung , mekessney .
Glosses: yes, eat-PAST-DEC.FAMILIAR
Translation: Yes, I ate.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: apenim , cenyek masisskey tusiesssupnikka ?
Glosses: father dinner deliciously eat.HON-PAST-INT.DEF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ung , acwu masisskey mekessney .
Glosses: Yes very deliciously eat-PAST-DEC.FAMILIAR
Translation: Yes, I enjoyed it very much.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: emma , ce oasseyo .
Glosses: mom, I.HUMBLE come-PAST-DEC.POLITE
Translation: Mom, I came.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ttal , oasse ?
Glosses: daugher, come-PAST-INT.INTIMATE
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: caneyto oassna ?
Glosses: you-too come-PAST-INT.FAMILIAR
Translation: Did you arrive too?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cenunyo yocum yengelul kongpwuhanunteyyo acwu eleywueyo .
Glosses: I.HUMBLE-TOP-POLITE these days English-ACC study-CONN-POLITE very difficult-DEC.POLITE
Translation: I’m studying English these days and it’s very difficult.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Linaga tomatoo totta .
Glosses: Lina-NOM tomato-ACC took.PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: iki çocuk / *çocukLAR
Glosses: two child / child-PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hét virág / *virágok
Glosses: seven flower / flower-PL
Translation: seven flowers
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Yergu dəgha vazets .
Glosses: two boy.SG run-PST
Translation: Two boys ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Yergu dəghaner vazetsin .
Glosses: two boy-PL run-PST-3PL
Translation: Two boys ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Amen mart vor bəzdigner uner vodki gajnetsav .
Glosses: all person that child-PL had foot-DAT stand.up-PST
Translation: Everyone that had two or more children stood up.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Amen dəgha ir kirkərə kənadz e
Glosses: every boy 3SG.HUMAN.GEN book-PL-DEF buy.PERF be.3SG
Translation: Every boy has bought his (two or more) books.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Eğer erkekler tarafından aldatıldıysan sen de bize katılabilirsin
Glosses: if man-PL by were.cheated you also we-DAT join-ABIL-AOR-2SG
Translation: If you have been cheated by men, you can join us.’ (one or more men)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Erkekler tarafından aldatılan herkes bize katılabilir .
Glosses: man-PL by was.cheated everybody we-DAT join-ABIL-AOR . 
Translation: Everyone who has been cheated by men can join us.’ (one or more men)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ha vannak gyerekei , emelje fel a kezét .
Glosses: if be.3PL child-POSS-PL raise-SBJ3SG up the hand-POSS-ACC
Translation: If you have children, raise your hand.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tursə manugner tʃen xaɣargor
Glosses: outside-DEF child-PL NEG-PRES.3PL play-NEG.PART-PROG
Translation: No children are playing outside.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jete ginere tavaʒanvetsar , gərnas mer xumpin mijanal
Glosses: if woman-PL-ABL betray-PASS-2SG.PST can.2SG.PRES our group-DAT join-INF
Translation: If you are betrayed by women, you can join our group.’ (one of more women)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kaks inimest
Glosses: 2.SG.NOM person-SG.PAR
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kahed kangasteljed
Glosses: 2-PL.NOM loom-PL.NOM
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kaplan ağaçlar ekti
Glosses: tiger tree-PL plant-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kaplan ağaçlar ekmedi .
Glosses: tiger tree-PL plant-NEG-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kırk Haramiler
Glosses: forty thief-PL
Translation: The Forty Thieves’ (from the Ali Baba legends, Underhill 1976: p. 125)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika kokilɯl konilɯl palli mʌkʌsʌ .
Glosses: Mimi-NOM meat-ACC duck-ACC quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika konilɯl kokilɯl palli mʌkʌsʌ .
Glosses: Mimi-NOM duck-ACC meat-ACC quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika kokiɾɯl koniɾɯl palli mʌkʌsʌ .
Glosses: Mimi-NOM meat-ACC duck-ACC quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika koniɾɯl kokiɾɯl palli mʌkʌsʌ .
Glosses: Mimi-NOM duck-ACC meat-ACC quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika yatsʰɛlɯl konilɯl palli mʌkʌsni ?
Glosses: Mimi-NOM vegetable-ACC duck-ACC quickly eat-PST-QUE
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ani . Mimika  konilɯl palli mʌkʌsʌ .
Glosses: no . Mimi-NOM meat-ACC duck-ACC quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika kokilɯl twɛzilɯl palli mʌkʌsni ?
Glosses: Mimi-NOM meat-ACC pork-ACC quickly eat-PST-QUE
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ani . Mimika kokilɯl  palli mʌkʌsʌ .
Glosses: no . Mimi-NOM meat-ACC duck-ACC quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mimika [ kokilɯl] [ konilɯl] [ p*alli] mʌkʌs*ʌ .
Glosses: Mimi-NOM  meat-ACC  duck-ACC  quickly eat-PST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: One vladike su me juče posetile/posetili .
Glosses: those-F.PL bishop-PL are me yesterday visit.PTCP-F.PL/M.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Oni stare vladike su me juče posetili/*e .
Glosses: these-M.PL old-F.PL bishop.PL are me yesterday visited-M.PL/*F.PL
Translation: These old bishops visited me yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ella studentsum pustagam padicaanga .
Glosses: all students.NOM.ADD book read-PST.3PL
Translation: All students read a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: … no (èta) mašina byla očen’ dorogoj
Glosses: but that car-NOM.SG.F was very expensive
Translation: but that car was very expensive’ (Czardybon 2017: 86)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Inhoka choysenul ta haesssupnita .
Glosses: Inho-NOM best-ACC all do-PST-AH.DECL.FORM
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiri{mas/*des}u ka nee .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-PRS Q SFP
Translation: Does Alex run?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiri{masi/*desi}ta ka nee .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-PST Q SFP
Translation: Did Alex run?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga {gakusya/siawase} desu .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy AH-PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar/happy.’ (noun/nominal adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Berniega Alexo {gakusya/siawase} ni] sita .
Glosses: Bernie-NOM Alex-ACC scholar/happy PRED do-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Berniega [Alexo utukusi ku] sita .
Glosses: Bernie-NOM Alex-ACC beautiful PRED do-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga {gakusya/siawase} de atta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED COP-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar/happy.’ (noun/nominal adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ?Alexga utukusi ku atta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful.’ (canonical adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga {gakusya/siawase} datta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED.COP-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi katta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga [{gakusya/siawase} de]wa atta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC COP-PST
Translation: It is true that Alex was a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga [utukusi ku]wa atta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC COP-PST
Translation: It is true that Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga {gakusya/siawase} de ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED -PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar/happy (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga utukusi k ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED -PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasitta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-PST
Translation: Alex ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiranak *(at)ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-NEG COP-PST
Translation: Alex did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga {gakusya/siawase} {desi/*masi}ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar/happy.’ (noun/nominal adjective)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga [utukusi ku]masita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga utukusi desita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusyuu gozaimasita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful-ly exist.AHU-AH-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (lit., Alex existed in a beautiful manner).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiranai ka nee ?
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-NEG Q SFP
Translation: Does Alex not run?’ (plain)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiri{mas/*des}en ka nee ?
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-NEG Q SFP
Translation: Does Alex not run?’ (polite)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga hasirimasita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM run-AH-PST
Translation: Alex ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga [hasirimasen] {*at/desi}ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM run-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga {gakusya/siawase} dewa nakatta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi ku(wa) nakatta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa {gakusya/siawase} dewa *(ari)masen desita .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa utukusi ku(wa) *(ari)masen desita .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa {gakusya/siawase} dewa *(ari)masen .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa utukusi ku(wa) *(ari)masen .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-FOC be-AH-NEG
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga utukusi katta        ] {des/*mas}u].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga utukusi katta] (*{de aru/da})].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-COP-PST PRED COP-PRS/COP
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa [gakusya desite], amerikani ryuugaku siteimasita .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar PRED.COP.AH-CV America-to study abroad do-PROG-AH-PST
Translation: Alex, being a scholar, studied abroad in the US.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexwa [utukusi katta desite], moderuo siteimasita .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-COP-PST AH-CV everything know-PROG-AH-PST
Translation: Alex, having been beautiful, was a model (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Gakusya desitara] suzuki senseio syookai simasyoo ka ?
Glosses: scholar PRED.COP.AH-if Suzuki prof.-ACC introduce do-AH-shall Q
Translation: If (you are looking for) a scholar, shall I introduce Prof. Suzuki?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Utukusi katta desitara] doraihurawaani sita kamosiremasen .
Glosses: beautiful PRED-COP-PST AH-if dried flower-into make-PST may-AH-NEG
Translation: If (it) was beautiful, I would have made it into a dried flower (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga hasiranak atta] desu].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM run-NEG COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex did not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga {gakusya/siawase} dewa nakatta] desu].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga utukusi ku(wa) nakatta] desu].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ [ Alexga gakusya dewa nakatta] de ar/datu].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM scholar PRED-FOC NEG-COP-PST PRED COP/PRED.COP-PST-u
Translation: Alex was not a scholar (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexwa gakusya dewa nakatta desite], amerikani ryuugaku
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar PRED-COP-PST NEG-COP-PST AH-te America-to study abroad
Translation: si-tei-masi-ta. do-PRG-AH-PST ‘Alex, not being a scholar, studied abroad in the US.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga hasiranai] desu].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM run-NEG AH-u
Translation: Alex does not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga {gakusya/siawase} dewa nai] desu .]
Glosses:   Alex-NOM scholar/happy PRED-FOC NEG AH-u
Translation: Alex is not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Alexga utukusi ku(wa) nai] desu].
Glosses:   Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-FOC NEG AH-u
Translation: Alex is not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Moo tukareta desune .
Glosses: already get tired-PST AH-u-SFP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Minasanto onaziyooni , […] watasimo ganbaru desu .
Glosses: you-with same-way  I-also try to do my best-PRS AH-u
Translation: Like you, […] I will do my best.’ (Ogawa et al. 2020: 259)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[Ii mise datta] desu].
Glosses: good restaurant PRED.COP-PST AH-u
Translation: (It) was a good restaurant.’ (noun)17
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Panwa [“kyarottopan”toka suki datta] desune].
Glosses: bread-TOP carrot bread-such as fond PRED.COP-PST AH-u-SFP
Translation: As for bread, I was fond of (bread) such as “carrot bread”.’ (nominal adjective)18
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa {gakusya/siawase} desu .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy (PRED.COP.)AH-PRS/u
Translation: He is a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusyuu gozatta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautifully exist.AHU-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (lit., Alex existed in a beautiful manner).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi i desu .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS AH-PRS
Translation: Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi i no desu .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP PRED.COP.AH-PRS
Translation: It is that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga utukusi i datta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi i no datta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP AH-PST
Translation: It was that Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Hasir] amu].
Glosses:  run EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Hasiru] de] aroo].
Glosses:  run-u de COP-EPI
Translation: (He) will run
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[[ Gakusya] {amu/oo}].
Glosses:  scholar EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Gakusya] de] ar{amu/oo}].
Glosses:  scholar PRED COP-EPI
Translation: (He) will be a scholar
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Utukusi k] ar{amu/oo}].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED COP-EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Utukusi i] de] aroo].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED de COP-EPI
Translation: (He) will be beautiful
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Utukusi i] daroo].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED de.COP-EPI
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Utukusi i] desyoo].
Glosses:  beautiful PRED de.COP.AH-EPI
Translation: (He) will be beautiful
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ Hasitta] desoo].
Glosses:  run-PST de.COP-EPI
Translation: it is probable that (he) ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga gakusya de atta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP.AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga gakusya datta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga gakusya desita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED.COP.AH-PST
Translation: Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi ku atta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED COP-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga utukusi datta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasirimasen .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-u
Translation: Alex does not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexwa {gakusya/siawase} (de) masen .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED AH-u
Translation: Alex is not a scholar/happy (intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexwa hasiridesita .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-AH-PST
Translation: Alex ran (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiru .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-PRS
Translation: Alex runs.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa hasiranai .
Glosses: Alex-TOP run-NEG
Translation: Alex does not run.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa {gakusya/siawase} de aru .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED COP-PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexwa {gakusya/siawase} de nai .
Glosses: Alex-TOP scholar/happy PRED NEG
Translation: Alex is not a scholar/happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Moo tukareta] [ desune].
Glosses:  already get tired-PST  AH-SFP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alexga utukusi katta        ] [ desune] ].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST  AH-SFP
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alexga utukusi katta                ] [ desu] ].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP-PST  AH
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alexga utukusyuu gozaimasita] (ne)].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautifully exist.AHU-AH-PST SFP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[ Alexga utukusi katta] desu(ne)].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM beautiful PRED-COP-PST AH-u-SFP
Translation: Alex was beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mitomerarete imasen desita ka nee ?
Glosses: recognize-PASS-CV PRG-AH-NEG COP.AH-PST Q SFP
Translation: Was (it) not being recognized?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hanaga utukusi {ku ar/*kar}u beki da .
Glosses: flower-NOM beautiful PRED COP/PRED.COP-u should COP
Translation: Flowers should be beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Hanaga utukusi {ku at/kat}ta beki da .
Glosses: flower-NOM beautiful PRED COP/PRED.COP-u should COP
Translation: Flowers should have been beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hanaga utukusi {ku ari/*kari}masen .
Glosses: flower-NOM beautiful PRED COP/PRED.COP.AH-NEG
Translation: Flowers are not beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexwa utukusi kuwa armasen {de at/dat}ta .
Glosses: Alex-TOP beautiful PRED-FOC COP-AH-NEG PRED COP/COP-PST
Translation: Alex was not beautiful (intended).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga gakusya de aru .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (Zyookyoowa) [Alexga utukusi i no] desu .
Glosses: situation-TOP Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP PRED.COP.AH-PRS
Translation: It (= the situation) is that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Watasiwa [Alexga utukusi i no]o sitteru .
Glosses: I-TOP Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.PRS COMP-ACC know-PRF-PRS
Translation: I know that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (Zyookyoowa) [Alexga gakusya {na/*da} no] desu .
Glosses: situation-TOP Alex-NOM beautiful PRED.COP.ADN/PRED.COP COMP PRED.COP.AH-PRS
Translation: It (= the situation) is that Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga gakusyadewa arimasita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar-PRED-FOC be-AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga gakusyadwa esita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar-PRED-FOC COP-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alexga gakusya∅wa desita .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar-PRED-FOC COP-PST
Translation: It is true that Alex was a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga utukusi i .
Glosses: Alex-NOM beautiful i
Translation: Alex is beautiful.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga gakusya {de aru/da}.
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS
Translation: Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Alexga gakusya {de aru/*da}] zizituo sitteiru .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS fact-ACC know-PRS
Translation: I know the fact that Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Alexga gakusya {de aru/da}]to sitteiru .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS-COMP know-PRS
Translation: I know that Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Alexga gakusya {de aru/da} ka]o sitteiru .
Glosses: Alex-NOM scholar PRED COP-PRS/PRED.COP.PRS Q-ACC know-PRS
Translation: I know whether Alex is a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Berniega Alexo home{masi/*desi}ta .
Glosses: Bernie-NOM Alex-ACC praise-AH-PST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga homerare{masi/*desi}ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM praise-PASS-AH-PST
Translation: Alex was praised.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alexga siawase na {hazu/yoo} {desi/*masi}ta .
Glosses: Alex-NOM happy COP.ADN should/seem PRED.COP.AH/AH-PST
Translation: Alex {should/seems to be} be happy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Watasiwa desune] [totemo desune] tukareta desuyo .
Glosses: Alex-TOP AH-PFP very AH-PFP get tired-PST AH-SFP
Translation: I got so tired.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[[ Alexga gakusya de]wa nak] atta] desu].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM scholar PRED-FOC NEG COP-PST AH-u
Translation: Alex was not a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[[ Alexga gakusya de]wa arimasen] desita]].
Glosses:  Alex-NOM scholar PRED-FOC COP-AH-NEG AH-PST
Translation: Alex was not a scholar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Satoga na ] katta] desu].
Glosses:  sugar-NOM absent  PRED-COP-PST AH-u
Translation: There was no sugar (lit., sugar was absent).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [[[ Satoga noo ] gozaimasita] ].
Glosses:  sugar-NOM absently  AHU.exist-AH-PST 
Translation: There was no sugar (lit., sugar existed absently).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =to { [may bii] [iramay la~laki] / [iramay la~laki] [may bii] }.
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman PL-DEM PL-man PL-DEM PL-man DEM woman
Translation: The woman saw the men.’ / *’The men saw the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =to [may bii] [may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman DEM man
Translation: The woman saw the man.’ / *’The man saw the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mantanem [si Pedro] [na ponti].                                                           Actor Voice (AV)
Glosses: AV-plant NOM Pedro GEN banana
Translation: Pedro will plant a banana.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Itanem [nen Pedro] [su ponti] [ed lima =to].                        Patient Voice (PV)
Glosses: PV-plant GEN Pedro NOM banana OBL hand GEN.3SG
Translation: Pedro will plant the banana with his hands.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pantanem [nen Pedro] [so lima =to] [ed ponti].       Instrumental Voice(IV)
Glosses: IV-plant GEN Pedro NOM hand GEN.3SG OBL banana
Translation: Pedro will plant the banana with his hands.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Insulat { [na laki] [su sulat] / [su sulat] [na laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN man NOM letter NOM letter GEN man
Translation: A/The man wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Initdan [na laki] [na libro] [su bii].
Glosses: ASP-give-BV GEN man GEN book NOM woman
Translation: The man gave a book to the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Initdan [na libro] [na laki] [su bii].
Glosses: ASP-give-BV GEN book GEN man NOM woman
Translation: Intended: * ‘The man gave a book to the woman.’ Attested: # ‘The book gave a man to the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Insulat *(=to) { [may laki] [su sulat] / [su sulat] [may laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN.3SG DEM man NOM letter NOM letter DEM man
Translation: The man wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Insulat *(=da) { [iramay la~laki] [su sulat] / [su sulat] [iramay la~laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN.3PL PL-DEM PL-man NOM letter NOM letter PL-DEM PL-man
Translation: The men wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Insulat { [na laki] [may sulat] / [may sulat] [na laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write GEN man DEM letter DEM letter GEN man
Translation: A/The man wrote the letter.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Insulat (=ira) { [na laki] [iramay sulat] / [iramay sulat] [na laki] }.
Glosses: PV-write NOM.3PL GEN man PL-DEM letter PL-DEM letter GEN man
Translation: A/The man wrote the letters.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =to ([ed eskuelaan]) [may bii] ([ed eskuelaan]) [may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG OBL school DEM woman OBL school DEM man
Translation: The woman saw the man (at school).’ (agent < theme) *’The man saw the woman (at school).’ (theme < agent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =da { [iramay la~laki] [may bii] / [may bii] [iramay la~laki] }.
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3PL PL-DEM PL-man DEM woman DEM woman PL-DEM PL-man
Translation: The men saw the woman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =to (=ira) { [may laki] [iramay bi~bii] / [iramay bi~bii] [may laki] }.
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG NOM.3PL DEM man PL-DEM PL-woman PL-DEM PL-woman DEM man
Translation: The man saw the women.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =da (=ira) [iramay la~laki] [iramay bi~bii].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3PL NOM.3PL PL-DEM PL-man PL-DEM PL-woman
Translation: The men saw the women.’ (agent < theme) * ‘The women saw the men.’ (theme < agent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =to [yay bii] [may laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM.AUTH woman DEM man
Translation: This woman saw the man.’ (agent < theme) * ‘The man saw this woman.’ (theme < agent)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Anengneng =to [may bii] [may bulag ya laki].
Glosses: PV-see GEN.3SG DEM woman DEM blind LK man
Translation: The woman saw the blind man.’ (agent < theme)