lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: q'us꞊ra wiʔile dursila širbitla dubilhani bilhuwe lewre il .
Glosses: be.squatted꞊ADD M-sit:PFV-AOR-CVB daughter-GEN shoe-GEN lace N-tie:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-M-PST this
Translation: He (lit. this one) squatted and was tying (his) daughter’s shoelace.
Language: Chirag
Transcription: nomir꞊ra χal baq'ira k'ʷan šulale lebuges .
Glosses: number꞊ADD seek N-do:PFV-AOR-EGO QUOT tight-ADVZ be-N-Q-VERIF-INF
Translation: I touched the number (plate), to see whether was fixed tightly.
Language: Chirag
Transcription: weˤʡe , ħule wize , čija lebugʷa .
Glosses: M-go:PFV look M-LV:PFV-IMP who-Q be-N-Q-VERIF-IMP
Translation: Go and look, see who is there.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: niʔ urt'e !
Glosses: milk pour:IPFV-IMP
Translation: Pour the milk!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħu waqnal duc' ulqe !
Glosses: you.sg(NOM) M-often run M.LV:IPFV-IMP
Translation: Run more often!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: niʔ art'a !
Glosses: milk pour:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Pour the milk!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: qadiʔe hešer .
Glosses: down-F1-sit:PFV-IMP here-F(ESS)
Translation: Sit down here.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: qali , abxe !
Glosses: house open:PFV-IMP
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡali , baˤlda ʁarʁa !
Glosses: Ali N-hide:PFV-IMP.TR stone
Translation: Ali, hide the stone!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡali , waˤlde ʁarʁala ʡa‹w›ad !
Glosses: Ali M-hide:PFV-IMP stone-GEN ‹M›behind
Translation: Ali, hide behind the stone!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡali , berqʷa ħawa !
Glosses: Ali, N-tear:PFV-IMP.TR dress
Translation: Ali, tear the dress!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħawa , berqʷe !
Glosses: dress N-tear:PFV-IMP
Translation: Dress, get torn!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħaze arʁe !
Glosses: you.sg.OBL-INTER(LAT) understand:PFV-IMP
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħaze arʁa !
Glosses: you.sg.OBL-INTER(LAT) understand:PFV-IMP.TR
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: gʷe bet'a !
Glosses: see:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let him see!' (he should make attempts to see)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: gʷa bet'a !
Glosses: see:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let him see!' (he should make attempts to see)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: wak'e !
Glosses: M-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: Come to me (addressing a men)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: dak'e !
Glosses: F1-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: Come to me (addressing a girl)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: bak'ena !
Glosses: HPL-come:PFV-IMP-IMP.PL
Translation: Come to me (addressing several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: baˤbʡa uršbe !
Glosses: HPL-kill:PFV-IMP.TR boy-PL
Translation: Kill these boys (addressing one person)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waˤbʡana rasul !
Glosses: M-kill:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL Rasul
Translation: Kill Rasul (addressing several people)!
Language: Southwestern Dargwa
Transcription: nu dub aˤʡaqa !
Glosses: I eat LV-CAUS-IMP.TR
Translation: Feed me!
Language: Southwestern Dargwa
Transcription: ħu učitel uʔe !
Glosses: you.sg(NOM) teacher M.be:PFV-IMP
Translation: [You] become a teacher!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħuni deč' baq'a !
Glosses: you.sg-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [You] sing the song!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammad , deč' baq'a .
Glosses: Muhammad(NOM) song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Muhammad, sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammad , učitel uʔe !
Glosses: Muhammad(NOM) teacher M.be:PFV-IMP
Translation: Muhammad, become a teacher!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammadini deč' baq'a .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [Muhammad] sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: itini deč' baq'a .
Glosses: this-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [He] sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: it wak'e .
Glosses: that(NOM) M-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: [He] come.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammadini꞊ra deč' baq'a .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG꞊ADD song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [Muhammad] sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: it꞊ra wak'e !
Glosses: that(NOM)꞊ADD M-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: [He] come!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imat꞊ra dak'e , asijat꞊ra dak'e .
Glosses: Patimat(NOM)꞊ADD F1-come:PFV-IMP Asijat(NOM)꞊ADD F1-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: Patimat come, and Asijat come.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatli deč' baq'a , asijatli deč' bel'č'a .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR Asijat-ERG song read:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Patimat sing the song, and Asijat read the rhyme.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: mallarasbadijni ib išdilize : ca udidi wizena , ca aqudi wizena , urgaw nu wiziša , nuni ħuša k'ʷijalla χʷasar baq'iša caca ʁurušize .
Glosses: Molla Nasreddin.OBL-ERG say:PFV.AOR that-PL-OBL-INTER(LAT) one below-TRANS M-stand:IPFV-IMP-IMP.PL one up-TRANS M-stand:IPFV-IMP-IMP.PL between-M I(NOM) M-stand:IPFV-FUT.EGO I-ERG you.pl two-ORD-ADD rescue HPL-do:PFV-FUT.EGO one-one rouble-INTER(LAT)
Translation: Molla Nasreddin told them: one of you stand higher, the other stand
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: deč' baq'aw !
Glosses: song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL
Translation: Sing a song! (addressing women or men)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʜaˤramirtila ʁušane elʔaca .
Glosses: Haramirt-PL-GEN house-PL count:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL
Translation: List the families of the Haramirt (clan).' (Text 19. Clans, 1.6)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abaj , buhes꞊u nuni ges rasujs k'amp'it'?
Glosses: mother N-become:PFV-INF꞊Q I-ERG give:PFV-INF Rasul-DAT sweet
Translation: – Mother, can I give a sweet to Rasul?
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: buhes bega / ??begaw / ??begaca .
Glosses: N-become:PFV-INF N-give:PFV-IMP.TR / N-give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL / N-give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL
Translation: – You can, give it to him.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: Abaj aga / agaca / ?agaw nab k'amp'it'.
Glosses: Mother give:PFV-IMP.TR / give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL / give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL I.DAT sweet
Translation: Mother, give me a sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ?Maisarat Magomedovna agaca dize kung .
Glosses: Maisarat Magomedovna give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL I.OBL-INTER(LAT) book
Translation: Maisarat Magomedovna, give me the book please.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imat ħu dak'ewca !
Glosses: Patimat you.sg(NOM) F1-come:PFV-IMP-PTCL-PTCL
Translation: Patimat, [you] come!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: buca maza aʔa buħna .
Glosses: N-catch:PFV-IMP.TR sheep drive:PFV-IMP.TR N-inside(LAT)
Translation: Catch the sheep, let it inside.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imat kaltuška꞊ra durʔun daq'ile ħarši daq'a !
Glosses: Patimat potato꞊ADD NPL-clean NPL-do:PFV-AOR-CVB soup NPL-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Patimat, peel the potato and make the soup!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: k'amp'it'une asile tukajħela ħuni꞊jal mudukadi .
Glosses: sweet-PL take:PFV-AOR-CVB shop-IN-EL you.sg-ERG꞊EMPH NEGVOL-NPL-eat:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Buy some sweets, (but) don't eat them.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: deč' mimiq'adi !
Glosses: song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Don't sing!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: mulugadi duk'ak'ara , maja gile lelle hublis .
Glosses: NEGVOL-give:IPFV-PROH F1-say:IPFV-IRR-COND-ADD Maja give:PFV-AOR-CVB AUX-F-CVB husband-OBL-DAT
Translation: Although she said: `Don't give', they still married Maja off'. (Text 14. Laces, 1.3)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: gurda bik'uwe leb sinkalize bismimisadi ħu .
Glosses: fox N-say:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-N bear-OBL-INTER(LAT) N-cry-NEGVOL-N-cry-PROH you.sg(NOM)
Translation: The fox said [to the bear]: “Don't cry”.' (Text M. A bear, a wolf
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: deč' mimiq'adina !
Glosses: song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH-IMP.PL
Translation: Don't sing!' (addressing several speakers)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *deč' mimiq'adna !
Glosses: song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH-IMP.PL
Translation: Intended: `Don't sing!' (addressing several speakers)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imat , deč' mimiq'adi .
Glosses: Patimat song NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Patimat, don't sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatli deč' mimiq'adi .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG song NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH
Translation: [Patimat] don't sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: mimiq'adica hel deč'!
Glosses: NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH-PTCL this song
Translation: Don't sing this song!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: mana !
Glosses: INTJ-IMP.PL
Translation: Take (addressed to several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ma asa !
Glosses: INTJ take:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Take!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: mana asana !
Glosses: INTJ-IMP.PL take:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL
Translation: Take (addressed to several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: harana !
Glosses: INTJ-IMP.PL
Translation: Look! (addressing several people)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waše χal waq'as ħala urtaq'.
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP seek M-do:PFV-INF you.sg.OBL-GEN friend
Translation: Let's look together for your friend' (Aspectual test 1, 1.121)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imat , daše dišu !
Glosses: Patimat, F1-go:IPFV-IMP I.OBL-AD(LAT)
Translation: Patimat, come to me!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše tukajħe !
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP shop-IN(LAT)
Translation: Let's go to the shop!' (addressing a women)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡali , waše dišu !
Glosses: Ali, M-go:IPFV-IMP I.OBL-AD(LAT)
Translation: Ali, come to me!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waše tukajħe !
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP shop-IN(LAT)
Translation: Let's go to the shop!' (addressing a man)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: bašina tukajħe !
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL shop.OBL-IN(LAT)
Translation: Go to the shop!' / `Let's go to the shop!' (addressing several people)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waše uzes !
Glosses: M-come:IPFV-IMP M.work:IPFV-INF
Translation: Let us work! (addressing a boy)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše duzes !
Glosses: F1-come:IPFV-IMP F1-work:IPFV-INF
Translation: Let us work! (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše deč' baq'as !
Glosses: F1-come:IPFV-IMP song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's sing a song! (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waše deč' baq'as !
Glosses: M-come:IPFV-IMP song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's sing a song! (addressing a boy)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše urši wit'es !
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP boy M-draw:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's draw a boy! (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waše dursi dit'es .
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP girl F1-draw:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's draw a girl (addressing a boy)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: bašina deč' baq'as .
Glosses: HPL-come:IPFV-IMP.PL song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's sing a song (addressing several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše nuša tukajħe buˤq'as .
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP we shop.OBL-IN(LAT) HPL-go:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's go to the shop (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: baše sinka berkʷes nušajni !
Glosses: N-go:IPFV-IMP bear N-eat:PFV-INF we-ERG
Translation: Let's eat the bear!' (fox addressing wolf) (Text M. A bear, a wolf and
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše deč' ħabaq'as .
Glosses: F1-come:IPFV-IMP song NEG-N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's not sing a song (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daše urši ħajt'es .
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP boy NEG-M.draw:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's not draw a boy (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: midik'adi deč' baq'as .
Glosses: NEGVOL-F1-come:IPFV-PROH song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Don't come to sing a song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: bašina qali꞊ra baq'as , q'ʷaˤl꞊ra ases .
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL house꞊ADD N-do:PFV-INF cow꞊ADD take-INF
Translation: Let's build the house and buy the cow.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: bašina qali baq'as .
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL house N-do:PFV-CVB
Translation: Let's build the house.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ?qali baq'as bašina .
Glosses: house N-do:PFV-CVB HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL
Translation: Let's build the house.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: wašeca heč' xunul ʡaˤχ raq'as .
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP-PTCL that.higher woman good F-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's help that women.' (Text 06. Mahmud Omar who was friends with
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: musa uze bet'a .
Glosses: Musa M.work:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Musa work.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sa‹w›ijal uˤq'e bet'a heʔʷani ʁizbeču .
Glosses: ‹1›self-EMPH M.go:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR similar-ATR hair-PL-COMIT
Translation: With this kind of hair, let him drive on his own.' (Aspectual test 1,
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daqa , niʔ derte / derta bet'a .
Glosses: NPL-let:PFV-IMP.TR milk NPL-spoil:PFV-IMP / NPL-spoil:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Leave it, let the milk spoil.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: uršbejni deč' baq'a bet'a .
Glosses: boy-PL-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let the boys sing a song (addressing one person).
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: uršbejni deč' baq'a bet'ana .
Glosses: boy-PL-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL
Translation: Let the boys sing a song (addressing several people).
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammadini deč' baq'a bet'a .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Muhammad sing a song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: musaze uze bet'a .
Glosses: Musa-INTER(LAT) M.work:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Tell Musa to work.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammadini deč' mimiq'adi bet'a .
Glosses: Muħammad-ERG song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Muhammad not sing a song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: išbari muħammadini t'ult' baq'a bet'a .
Glosses: today Muhammad-ERG bread N-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Muhammad bake bread today.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: buhes꞊u muħammadini k'amp'it' ases ?
Glosses: N-become:PFV-INF꞊Q Muhammad-ERG sweet take:PFV-INF
Translation: – May Muhammad take a sweet?
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: buhes , asa bet'a .
Glosses: N-become:PFV-INF take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: – (He) may, let him take one.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rurže bet'a ħarši .
Glosses: boil:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR soup
Translation: Let the soup boil.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: duhe bet'a digujs .
Glosses: F1-become:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR love-PTCP.OBL-DAT
Translation: Let her get married with anyone (lit. become to whoever she wants).
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: itini asa bet'a k'amp'it'.
Glosses: that-ERG take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR sweet
Translation: Let him take your sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *nuni asa bet'a k'amp'it'.
Glosses: I-ERG take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR sweet
Translation: Intended: `Let me take a sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *ħuni asa bet'a k'amp'it'.
Glosses: you.sg-ERG take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR sweet
Translation: Intended: `Let you take a sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: uze bet'a , saʁʷal꞊la miskije uʔesi it .
Glosses: M.work:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR how-ATR꞊ADD poor-ADVZ 1.be:IPFV-INF-ATR that
Translation: Let him work, he will still be poor (=Even if he works, he will still be poor)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: duʔe bet'a хʷaldili amma qulib ʜaˤnči ħabiq'an .
Glosses: F1-be:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR beautiful but home.IN-N(ESS) work NEG-N-do:IPFV-HAB
Translation: Let her be beautiful, but she does not do her work at home (Though
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ?aradeš aga bet'a .
Glosses: health give:PFV-IMP.TR tell:IPFV-IMP.TR
Translation: ?Let [Allah] make [you] healthy.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: aradeš gab !
Glosses: health give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] make [you] healthy!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daq'a bet'a zab .
Glosses: NPL-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR rain
Translation: Let it rain (I don't care).
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daq'ab zab !
Glosses: NPL-do:PFV-IRR-OPT rain
Translation: May it rain!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: kapulle webk'ab !
Glosses: pagan-ADVZ M-die:PFV-IRR-OPT
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: kapulle webk'!
Glosses: pagan-ADVZ M-die:PFV(OPT)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħala abaj rebk'!
Glosses: you.sg.OBL-GEN mother F-die:PFV(OPT)
Translation: May your mother die!' (…can be uttered by a mother of a child,
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ berʔʷab .
Glosses: root N-become.dry:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May the roots dry out.' (a bad wish, suggesting that the
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ berʔʷ .
Glosses: root N-become.dry:PFV(OPT)
Translation: May the roots dry out.' (same as (ex:5:108))
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ hable čebuqab .
Glosses: root front-N-ADVZ PV-N-grow:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May it all grow roots up.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ hable čebuq .
Glosses: root front-N-ADVZ PV-N-grow:PFV(OPT)
Translation: May it all grow roots up.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: qu balqaqab !
Glosses: field N-grow:IPFV-CAUS-OPT
Translation: May the field grow!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: qu balqaq !
Glosses: field N-grow:IPFV-CAUS(OPT)
Translation: May the field grow!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: qu balqab !
Glosses: field N-grow:IPFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May the field grow!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: humbe ʡaˤχ duhab !
Glosses: road-PL good NPL-become:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May you have a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: humbe ʡaˤχ duhaqab !
Glosses: way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Allah give you a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: allahlini humbe ʡaˤχ duhaqab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-CAUS-OPT
Translation: May Allah give you a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: allahlini qu balqaqab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG field N-grow:IPFV-CAUS-OPT
Translation: May the field grow with the help of Allah!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *allahlini humbe ʡaˤχ duhab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: Intended: `May Allah give you a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *allahlini qu balqab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG field N-grow:IPFV-OPT
Translation: Intended: `May the field grow with the help of Allah!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rasul webk'ab !
Glosses: Rasul M-die:PFV-IRR-OPT
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rasul webk'aqab !
Glosses: Rasul M-die:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatini rasul webk'aqab !
Glosses: Patimat-ERG Rasul M-die:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Patimat make Rasul die!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: dursi daršile kalʔab ħala .
Glosses: girl F1-be.beautiful:PFV-AOR-CVB stay:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg.OBL-GEN
Translation: May your daughter be beautiful.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: urši q'uwat leble kalʔab ħala .
Glosses: boy strength be-N-CVB stay:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg.OBL-GEN
Translation: May your son be strong.' (lit. May your boy stay having strength)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daršibi kalʔab ħu .
Glosses: F1-be.beautiful:PFV-AOR-PTCP stay-IRR-OPT you.sg
Translation: May you be beautiful.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: q'uwat lewi kalʔab ħu .
Glosses: strong be-M-PTCP stay:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg
Translation: May you be strong.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu rebk' / rebk'ab !
Glosses: I F-die:PFV(OPT) / F-die:PFV-OPT
Translation: May I die [but not you – addressing the child]!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammadis humbe ʡaˤχ duhaqab !
Glosses: Muhammad-DAT way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Muhammad have a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: muħammadini ʁačne ʡaˤχle dicab .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG calf.PL good-ADVZ NPL-sell:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Muhammad sell calves with a profit.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: jaallah ħušab taliħ gab !
Glosses: PTCL-Allah(NOM) you.pl.DAT luck give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] luck!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: allahli aradeš gab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL(ERG) healthy-NMLZ give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] health!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: mirqab ħu allahli .
Glosses: NEGVOL-M.let.go:IPFV-OPT you.sg(NOM) Allah-OBL(ERG)
Translation: May Allah stay with you.' (= may Allah not let something bad happen to
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *allahli ħuni bizil t'ult' baq'ab .
Glosses: Allah-ERG you.sg-ERG N-tasty-ATR bread N-do:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: Intended: `May you make good bread with the help of Allah.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʔaq' lugab , balhni gab .
Glosses: intellect give:IPFV-IRR-OPT knowledge give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] intellect, may [Allah] give [you] knowledge.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daqil arc gab .
Glosses: NPL-much-ATR money give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May you be given [by Allah] a lot of money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: webk'ab nu !
Glosses: M-die-IRR-OPT I
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *dag webk'ab nu !
Glosses: yesterday M-die-IRR-OPT I
Translation: Intended: `I wish I had died yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: q'uwat gab !
Glosses: strength give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] strength!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: k'ʷabaq'ala gab .
Glosses: god.help give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May you have enough strength [to do your work].
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: webk'ab ħu !
Glosses: M-die:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: jaallah dalqaqab !
Glosses: PTCL-Allah NPL-grow:IPFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [it] grow! (wish formula addressed to the person who is
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ca dila qali buʔibq'alle !
Glosses: PTCL I.OBL-GEN house N-become:PFV-AOR-CTRF
Translation: If only I had a house!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: dila adami žaˤwal ʡaˤšwirqulq'alle !
Glosses: I.OBL-GEN husband early PV-M-come.back:IPFV-ATR-CTRF
Translation: If only my husband came back soon!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nuni čaj deržesq'alle !
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink:PFV-INF-CTRF
Translation: I wish I had some tea!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: dag webk'ibq'alle nu !
Glosses: yesterday M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF I
Translation: If only I had died yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *nuni dag čaj deržesq'alle !
Glosses: I-ERG yesterday tea NPL-drink:PFV-INF-CTRF
Translation: Intended: `I wish I had some tea yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *nuni čaj deržak'a !
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink-IRR-COND
Translation: Intended: `I wish I had some tea yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nuni čaj deržak'a , ʡaˤχle buʔare .
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink-IRR-COND good-ADVZ N-become-IRR-PST
Translation: If I had some tea, it would be good.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sinkala k'a abzulle ʁʷaˤnne delʔunna wahajle꞊l ʁʷaˤnne luʔes waʔira .
Glosses: bear-GEN PTCL all-ADVZ lie-PL NPL-tell:PFV-AOR-EGO very-ADVZ꞊EMPH lie-PL tell:IPFV-INF M-begin:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: As for the bear, I did actually tell fibs.' (Aspectual test 1, 1.89)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: dargk'a ildi qulle dize dargira huni꞊ra bargira .
Glosses: NPL-find:PFV-PTCL this-PL house.PL I.OBL-INTER(LAT) NPL-find:PFV-AOR-EGO road꞊ADD N-find:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: As for getting there, I did reach those houses and found the street.' (Aspectual test 1, 1.164)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: luč'ibk'a il ʡaˤχle .
Glosses: learn:IPFV-IPFT-PTCL this good-ADVZ
Translation: As for studies, he did study well.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: luč'ank'a il ʡaˤχle amma abajs zahmat durhan il daχas .
Glosses: learn:IPFV-HAB-PTCL this good-ADVZ but mother.OBL-DAT difficult F1-be:IPFV-HAB this F1-support-INF
Translation: As for studies, she makes good progress. But it is difficult for her
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: buč'nila q'alli buč'atːa cacajnaqːilla behelra…
Glosses: read:IPFV-NMLZ-GEN PTCL read.PRS.1SG sometimes however
Translation: As for reading, I read (books), but…
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu [dila uršilini xunul kak'a] iχdilišur duʔesi .
Glosses: I I.OBL-GEN boy-OBL-ERG wife bring:PFV-IRR-COND that-PL-OBL-AD-F(ESS) F1-be:PFV-INF-ATR
Translation: If my son gets married, I will live at their place.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu꞊ra [iχ webk'ibq'alle] dubk'are .
Glosses: I꞊ADD this M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF F1-die:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If he died, I would have also died.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: hel deħ baq'ak'a sinkali nuša k'ʷijalla berges .
Glosses: this smell N-do:PFV-IRR-COND bear-OBL(ERG) we two-CARD-ADD HPL-eat:PFV-INF
Translation: If the bear smells this, he will eat us both.' (Text M. A bear, a wolf
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: itis rasul huneče wikak'ara , itini beʁiče waˤbʜaˤbaˤtur .
Glosses: this.OBL-DAT Rasul way-SUPER(LAT) M-happen:PFV-IRR-COND-ADD this-ERG wedding.OBL-SUPER(LAT) call-NEG-LV:PFV-AOR
Translation: Although she met Rasul, she did not call him to the wedding.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: heter heddi malʔuntini ruces q'oˤwe lelle k'ʷan , nu caʁida ajʁaj ruhubq'alle .
Glosses: there-F(ESS) that.far.away-PL devil-PL-ERG F-catch:PFV-INF go:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-NPL-CVB QUOT I(NOM) one-few tarry F-become:PFV-AOR-CTRF
Translation: If I would tarry there for just a minute, these devils would get to me
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ca dila uršilini xunul dikulq'alle !
Glosses: PTCL I.OBL-GEN boy-OBL-ERG wife F1-bring:IPFV-PTCP-CTRF
Translation: If only my son got married!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: k'alalizeb lebre doˤʜi .
Glosses: Kala-OBL-INTER-N(ESS) be-N-PST snow
Translation: There was snow in Kala.' (Text 15, Lost Donkeys)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nab digibre čaj .
Glosses: I.DAT NPL-want:IPFV-IPFT-PST tea
Translation: I would like some tea.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ?tukajħela sik'al isibre nuni꞊ra , arc duʔibq'alle .
Glosses: shop-IN-EL what-INDEF take:IPFV-IPFT-PST I-ERG꞊ADD money NPL-be:IPFV-AOR-CTRF
Translation: I would have bought something in the shop, if (I) had some money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: iχ webk'ibq'alle , nu꞊ra dubk'are .
Glosses: this M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF I꞊ADD F1-die:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If he had died, I would have also died.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rasujni qu išqaˤre dag , amma ʜaˤq'un .
Glosses: Rasul-ERG field mow:IPFV-IRR-PST yesterday but NEG-M.go:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul could have mowed the field yesterday, but he didn't go.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: uršilini xunul kibq'alle , nu iχdilišur duʔare .
Glosses: boy-OBL-ERG wife take:PFV-AOR-CTRF I that-PL-OBL-AD-HPL(ESS) F1-become:PFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If my son had got married, I would have lived at their place.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: c'able webk'ibq'alle , nu꞊ra dubk'are .
Glosses: tomorrow M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF I꞊ADD F1-die:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If you should die tomorrow, I would also die.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: iχ dag ʡaˤšwaqˤibq'alle ʡaˤχle buʔare .
Glosses: this yesterday PV-M-come.back:PFV-AOR-CTRF good-ADVZ N-be:PFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If he had come yesterday, it would have been good.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: iχ išbari ʡaˤšwirqulq'alle ʡaˤχle buʔare .
Glosses: this today PV-M-come.back:IPFV-PTCP-CTRF good-ADVZ N-be:PFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If he came today, it would be good.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nuni čaj deržesq'alle nu wana urhare .
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink:PFV-INF-CTRF I warm 1.become:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If I had tea, I would get warm.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abaj debk'ibq'alle , il ehil urhare .
Glosses: mother F1-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF this bad-ATR 1.become:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If his mother had died, he would have become a bad person.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *abaj debk'esq'alle , il ehil urhare .
Glosses: mother F1-die:PFV-INF-CTRF this bad-ATR 1.become:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: Intended: `If his mother had died, he would have become a bad person.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: iχini barxle burhak'a , iχ watur aʔasi .
Glosses: that-ERG N-be.right-CVB N-tell:IPFV-IRR-COND that(NOM) M-free drive:PFV-INF-ATR
Translation: If he tells the truth, they will let him go.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: het kung belč'ak'a nuni ħaze burhiša hellija χabar .
Glosses: that book N-read:PFV-IRR-COND I-ERG you.sg.OBL-INTER(LAT) N-tell:IPFV-FUT.EGO this-OBL-GEN story
Translation: If you read this book, I will tell you his story.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: daqil kungane luč'ak'a daqil sik'al nušaze dalhul .
Glosses: NPL-much-ATR book-PL read:IPFV-IRR-COND NPL-much-ATR what-INDEF we-INTER(LAT) NPL-know:IPFV-PTCP
Translation: If we read many books, we know many things.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ilis huneče wikile wargak'a rasul , ilini beʁiče waˤbaˤturi il .
Glosses: this-DAT way-SUPER(LAT) M-happen:PFV-AOR-CVB M-find:PFV-IRR-COND Rasul this-ERG wedding-SUPER(LAT) call-LV:PFV-AOR-PTCP this
Translation: If she met Rasul [according to what you know about it], she called
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: anwar wak'ile wargak'a , abajšu uˤq'es .
Glosses: Anwar M-come:PFV-CVB M-find:PFV-IRR-COND mother-AD(LAT) M.go:PFV-FUT
Translation: As [it turned out that] Anwar came, he will go to his mother.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rasujze arc kʷe dikile dargak'a , ilini abajs sajʁat ases .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-INTER(LAT) money in.hands(LAT) NPL-happen:PFV-AOR-CVB NPL-find:PFV-IRR-COND this-ERG mother-DAT gift take:PFV-INF
Translation: As Rasul [as it turned out] has got the money, he will buy the gift
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: darʔa mura , zab daq'ala .
Glosses: NPL-gather:PFV-IMP.TR hay rain NPL-do:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Collect the hay, it might rain.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: zab ħadaq'ala hab , daˤqa šin agarodleħe .
Glosses: rain NEG-NPL-do:PFV-IRR-APPR ahead NPL-hit:PFV-IMP.TR water vegetable.garden-OBL-IN(LAT)
Translation: Turn on the water in the garden, [because/in case] it might not
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: q'eju , wigʷala .
Glosses: slow M-burn:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Be careful, beware not to get burnt.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: q'eju , ardikala .
Glosses: slow down-F1-fall:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Be careful, beware not to fall down.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ħu ʁanq' uhala ʡaj .
Glosses: you.sg drown M.become:PFV-IRR-APPR PTCL
Translation: Beware not to drown.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu ʁanq' uhala .
Glosses: I drown M.become:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: May I not drown.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: hara nu ardukala !
Glosses: PTCL I(NOM) away-F1-lead:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Be careful, someone may abduct me!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: žanawallini maza arbukala .
Glosses: wolf-OBL-ERG sheep away-N-lead:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: The wolf can steal the sheep.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: urši waq'ala ħuni daq'a dursi !
Glosses: boy M-do:PFV-IRR-APPR you.sg-ERG F1-do:PFV-IMP.TR girl
Translation: [I am afraid that] you give birth to a boy, [better] give birth to a girl!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ara duhala !
Glosses: healthy F1-become:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: [I am afraid that] I become healthy!
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu uruχ k'uwe lewra žanawallini maza arbukala ile .
Glosses: I be.afraid LV:IPFV-CVB.IPFV be-M-EGO wolf-OBL-ERG sheep away-N-lead:PFV-IRR-APPR COMP
Translation: I am afraid that the wolf steals a sheep.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu uruχ k'as ħu izes daʔala ile .
Glosses: I be.afraid LV:IPFV-HAB.EGO you.sg be.ill:IPFV-INF F1-begin:PFV-IRR-APPR COMP
Translation: I am afraid that you might fall ill.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: baba uruχ k'uwe ler χʷe q'ac' bikala ile .
Glosses: granny be.afraid LV:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-F dog bite N-LV:PFV-IRR-APPR COMP
Translation: My grandmother is afraid that the dog bites her.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: baba uruχ k'uwe ler , sa‹r›i ardikala ile .
Glosses: granny be.afraid LV:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-F self‹F› PV-F1-fall:PFV-IRR-APPR COMP
Translation: The grandmother is afraid of falling down.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *nu uruχ k'as dag anwalliče χʷe q'ac' *bikala .
Glosses: I be.afraid LV:IPFV-HAB.EGO yesterday Anwar-OBL-SUPER(LAT) dog bite N-LV:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Intended: `I am afraid that the dog bit Anwar yesterday.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: nu uruχ k'as dagʔʷanal anwalliče χʷe q'ac' bikala ile .
Glosses: I be.afraid LV:IPFV-HAB.EGO yesterday-like Anwar-OBL-SUPER(LAT) dog bite N-happen:PFV-IRR-APPR COMP
Translation: I am afraid that the dog might bite Anwar as it happened yesterday.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: musani mura darʔib [dunijal urala ile].
Glosses: Musa-ERG hay NPL-gather:PFV-AOR world rain-IRR-APPR COMP
Translation: Musa collected the hay out of fear that rain starts.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: musani [dunijal urala ile] mura darʔib .
Glosses: Musa-ERG world rain-IRR-APPR COMP hay PL-gather:PFV-AOR
Translation: Musa collected the hay out of fear that rain starts.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: eli šulale buca [ʁadara boˤrʡaqala].
Glosses: child tight-ADVZ N-hold:PFV-IMP.TR dish N-break:PFV-CAUS-IRR-APPR
Translation: Hold the child tight, it might break the dish.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *eli [ʁadara boˤrʡaqala] šulale buca .
Glosses: child dish N-break-CAUS-IRR-APPR tight-ADVZ N-hold:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Intended: `Hold the child tight so that it does not break the dish.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sumka buχa mataħ arduʔala .
Glosses: bag N-bring:PFV-IMP.TR money PV-NPL-lose:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Take the bag not to lose the money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *sumka [mataħ arduʔala] buxa .
Glosses: bag money PV-NPL-lose:PFV-IRR-APPR N-bring:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Intended: `Take the bag not to lose the money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waˤlde adajni ħu dam waq'ala .
Glosses: M-hide:PFV-IMP father-ERG you.sg(NOM) beat M-do:PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Hide, so that your father does not beat you.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: c'aliče ħule wize , bušala .
Glosses: fire-OBL-SUPER(LAT) look M-LV:PFV-IMP N-die(of.fire):PFV-IRR-APPR
Translation: Watch the fire so that it does not go out.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: waˤlde adajni ħu dam ħaq'alis .
Glosses: M-hide:PFV-IMP father-ERG you.sg(NOM) beat NEG-M.do:PFV-IRR-PURP
Translation: Hide, so that your father does not beat you.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: c'aliče ħule wize ħabušalis .
Glosses: fire-OBL-SUPER(LAT) look M-LV:PFV-IMP NEG-N-die(of.fire):PFV-IRR-PURP
Translation: Watch the fire so that it does not go out.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: it werχʷ ħarχʷala nu lella uruχ k'uwe .
Glosses: this M-enter:PFV NEG-M.enter:PFV-IRR-APPR I AUX-F-EGO be.afraid LV:IPFV-CVB.IPFV
Translation: I worry that he may not enter [the university].
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abajni uršilize kung baˤldaˤqib .
Glosses: mother-ERG boy-OBL-INTER(LAT) book N-hide:PFV-CAUS-AOR
Translation: Mother made her son hide a book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abajni urši kung baˤldes aʔib .
Glosses: mother.OBL-ERG boy book N-hide:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Mother made her son hide a book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni aʔib maza ʡaˤjne .
Glosses: father-ERG drive:PFV-AOR ram yard.IN(LAT)
Translation: Father drove ram into the yard.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni baqib inc ustujčeb .
Glosses: father-ERG N-leave:PFV-AOR apple table.OBL-SUPER-N(ESS)
Translation: Father left an apple on the table.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni kung urši belč'es aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG book boy N-read:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son read the book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni kung urši luč'es aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG book boy read:IPFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son be reading the book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *adajni kung urši belč'un aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG book boy N-read:PFV-AOR drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son read the book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *adajni kung urši luč'ib aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG book boy read:IPFV-IPFT drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son be reading the book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *adajni kung urši belč'ile aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG book boy N-read:PFV-AOR-CVB drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son read the book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *abajni rasul q'ar iˤšqes har barħi iʔan .
Glosses: mother.OBL-ERG Rasul grass mow:IPFV-INF every day drive:IPFV-HAB
Translation: Mother makes Rasul mow the lawn every day.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni urši aʔib har barħi mašina ises .
Glosses: father-ERG boy drive:PFV-AOR every day car take:IPFV-INF
Translation: Every day the father made his son buy a car.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatini anwar uˤq'es aʔib .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG Anwar M.go:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Patimat made Anwar go away.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sovetini direktur uškul q'aˤbʡes aʔib .
Glosses: administration-ERG principal school PV-close:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Administration made the principal close the school.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *anwallini inc berħes aʔib .
Glosses: Anwar-OBL-ERG apple N-rotten:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Anwar made the apple rot.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: izajni abajla beč' ulč'es aʔib .
Glosses: illness.OBL-ERG mother.OBL-GEN head be.bald:IPFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: The illness made mother grow bald.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: izajni anwar balnicaleħe uˤq'es aʔib .
Glosses: illness.OBL-ERG Anwar hospital-OBL-IN(LAT) M.go:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: The illness caused Anwar to go to hospital.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: doˤʜilini ħark'ʷ χʷala baq'as aʔib .
Glosses: snow-OBL-ERG river big N-do:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Snow has made a river become [lit. to be done] bigger.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: doˤʜilini ħark'ʷ χʷala baq'ib .
Glosses: snow-OBL-ERG river big N-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: Snow has made the river big.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡalini adajla sunečel naˤʁ aq baq'as aʔib .
Glosses: Ali-ERG father-GEN self.OBL-SUPER(LAT)-EMPH(LAT) hand up N-do):PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Ali made his father raise a hand against him.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sovetini direktur uškul q'aˤbʡes waqib .
Glosses: administration-ERG principal school PV-close:PFV-INF M-leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: Administration let the principal close the school.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni dursi urši qumartes daqib .
Glosses: father-ERG girl boy forget-LV:PFV-INF F1-leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father let his daughter forget the boy.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatini anwar waqib umma daq'as .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG Anwar M-leave:PFV-AOR kiss NPL-do:PFV-INF
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rasujni šin rurqes daqib .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG water flow:IPFV-INF NPL-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul let the water flow.’ (did not prevent this from happening)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: rasujni uq'laha abxes baqib .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG window open:PFV-INF N-leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul let the window open.' (did not prevent this from happening)
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *anwallini k'ʷama bac'es aʔib .
Glosses: Anwar-OBL-ERG butter N-melt:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Anwar melted butter.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sovetini direkturlize uškul q'aˤbʡes baqib .
Glosses: administration-ERG principal-OBL-INTER(LAT) school PV-close-INF N-leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: The administration let the principal close the school.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatini uršilize daqib dixes hešdi karawatune cajli quli .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG boy-OBL-INTER(LAT) NPL-leave:PFV-AOR NPL-put:PFV-INF (prox)-PL bed-PL one-OBL room.IN(LAT)
Translation: Patimat let the boy carry these beds to another room.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: musa zubal .
Glosses: Musa blind-ATR
Translation: Musa is blind.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: χajni musa zuba waq'ib .
Glosses: khan.OBL-ERG Musa blind M-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: Khan blinded Musa.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *χajni musa zubal waq'ib .
Glosses: khan.OBL-ERG Musa blind-ATR M-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: Khan blinded Musa.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: anwallini rasul abajze barxle burhes aʔib .
Glosses: Anwar-OBL-ERG Rasul mother.OBL-INTER(LAT) N-be.right-CVB N-tell:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Anwar made Rasul tell mother the truth.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *rasujni uzini maza berhʷes aʔib .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG boy-ERG ram N-slaughter:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul made his son slaughter the ram.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *adajni urši kung belč'es iʔuwe leb .
Glosses: father-ERG boy book N-read:PFV-INF drive:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-N
Translation: Father made his son read the book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: anwar duc' uqun .
Glosses: Anwar run M.LV:PFV-AOR
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: učitejni anwar duc' uqes aʔib .
Glosses: teacher.OBL-ERG Anwar run M.LV:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: The teacher made Anwar run.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: inc berħib .
Glosses: apple N-rotten:PFV-AOR
Translation: The apple has rotten.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: anwallini inc berħes baqib .
Glosses: Anwar-OBL-ERG apple N-rotten:PFV-INF N-leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: Anwar let the apple rot.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: dursilize urši qumartur .
Glosses: girl-OBL-INTER(LAT) boy forget-LV:PFV-AOR
Translation: The girl forgot the boy.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni dursi urši qumartes aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG girl boy forget-LV:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his daughter forget the boy.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *adajni dursilize urši qumartes aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG girl-OBL-INTER(LAT) boy forget-LV:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his daughter forget the boy.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡalize χabar arʁib .
Glosses: Ali-INTER(LAT) tale hear:PFV-AOR
Translation: Ali heard a tale.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: pat'imatini ʡalize χabar arʁaqib .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG Ali-INTER(LAT) tale hear:PFV-CAUS-AOR
Translation: Patimat told Ali a tale.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: uzilini maza berhun .
Glosses: boy-OBL-ERG ram N-slaughter:PFV-AOR
Translation: The son slaughtered the ram.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: uršilini abajze arc gib .
Glosses: boy-OBL-ERG mother-INTER(LAT) money give:PFV-AOR
Translation: The boy gave his mother the money
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: anwallini urši abajze arc ges aʔib .
Glosses: Anwar-OBL-ERG boy mother-INTER(LAT) money give:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Anwar made his son give his mother the money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abajni rasul q'ar iˤšqes aʔib har barħi .
Glosses: mother-ERG Rasul grass mow:IPFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR every day
Translation: Mother made Rasul mow the lawn every day.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *abajni rasul q'ar ʜaˤšqes ħaʔib har barħi .
Glosses: mother-ERG Rasul grass NEG-mow:IPFV-INF NEG-drive:PFV-AOR every day
Translation: Mother did not make Rasul mow the lawn every day.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: učiteltini nuša meħʷela mezisum buʜaˤq'as ħaʔib .
Glosses: teacher-PL-ERG we in.Mehweb-GEN language-REPL HPL-talk-LV:IPFV-INF NEG-drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Teachers do not make us speak Mehweb [at school].
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *učiteltini nuša meħʷela mezisum ħabuʜaˤq'as aʔib .
Glosses: teacher-PL-ERG we in.Mehweb-GEN language-REPL NEG-hpl-talk-LV:IPFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: The teachers make us not speak Mehweb [at school].
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni urši zul kak ħabiq'es waqib .
Glosses: father-ERG boy in.the.morning pray NEG-N-do:IPFV-INF M-leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father let his son not to do the morning prayers.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni urši zul kak biq'es ħaqib .
Glosses: father-ERG boy in.the.morning pray N-do:IPFV-INF NEG-M.leave:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father did not let his son do the morning pray.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abajni urši ħaqib uškujħe wašes .
Glosses: mother.OBL-ERG boy NEG-M.leave:PFV-AOR school.OBL-IN(LAT) M-go:IPFV-INF
Translation: Mother did not let her son go to school.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: abajni urši waqib uškujħe ħašes .
Glosses: mother.OBL-ERG boy M-leave:PFV-AOR school.OBL-IN(LAT) NEG-M.go:IPFV-INF
Translation: Mother let her son not to go to school.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni urši kung belč'aqes aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG boy book N-read:PFV-CAUS-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son read a book
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: adajni urši kung belč'es aʔib .
Glosses: father-ERG boy book N-read:PFV-INF drive:PFV-AOR
Translation: Father made his son read a book.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: anwallini inc berħaqas baqib .
Glosses: Anwar-OBL-ERG apple N-rotten:PFV-CAUS-INF N-let:PFV-AOR
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sinkani ʡali ucib .
Glosses: bear-ERG Ali(ABS) (M)catch:PF-AOR
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: ʡaliini sinka baˤbʡib .
Glosses: Ali-ERG bear(ABS) N-kill:PF-AOR
Translation: Ali killed a bear.
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: sunelal urši madinače ħule wizur .
Glosses: self-GEN-EMPH son(ABS) Madina-SUPER(LAT) look M-LV:PF-AOR
Translation: Heri son looked at Madinai (a woman's
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: čija ħule dizura sunelal uršiliče ?
Glosses: who(ABS) look F1-LV:PF-AOR-Q self-GEN-EMPH son-OBL-SUPER(LAT)
Translation: Whoi looked at heri son?
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *sunelal urši hiče ħule wizura ?
Glosses: self-GEN-EMPH son(ABS) who-SUPER(LAT) look M-LV:PF-AOR-Q
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: *hiče sunelal urši ħule wizura ?
Glosses: who-SUPER(LAT) self-GEN-EMPH son(ABS) look M-LV:PF-AOR-Q
Language: North-Central Dargwa
Transcription: hinija haraq'e ihʷesa sunelal urši ?
Glosses: who(ERG) forward throw:PF-FUT-Q self-GEN-EMPH son(ABS)
Translation: Whoi will deceive hisi son?