lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (kii) karanne miraanuu kitaab dittii e (kii)
Glosses: POLQ Karan-ERG Mira-DAT book give.PFV.F.SG be.PRS.3SG POLQ
Translation: Has Karan given the book to Mira?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne miraanuu kitaab dittii je/e kii
Glosses: Karan-ERG Mira-DAT book give.PFV.F.SG ALLOC.PL/be.PRS.3SG POLQ
Translation: Has Karan given the book to Mira?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: asii/onane billii paalii e
Glosses: 1PL.OBL/3PL.OBL-ERG cat.F.SG raise.PFV.F.SG be.PRS.3SG
Translation: We/they have raised a cat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: asii oss billiinuu paaleyaa e
Glosses: 1PL.OBL that cat.F.SG-DOM raise.PFV.M.SG be.PRS.3SG
Translation: We raised that cat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: asii/onane billii paalii je
Glosses: 1PL.OBL/3PL.OBL-ERG cat.F.SG raise.PFV.F.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: We/they raise cats.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: asii oss billiinuu paaleyaa je
Glosses: 1PL.OBL that cat.F.SG-DOM raise.PFV.M.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: We raised that cat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maiNnuu vekhyaa suu/e
Glosses: 1SG.DOM see.PFV.M.SG 3SG.CL/be.PRS.3SG
Translation: S/he saw me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maiN/tuu onuu vekhdaa aaN/eN
Glosses: 1SG.NOM/2SG.NOM 3SG.DOM see.HAB.M.SG be.PRS.1SG/be.PRS.2SG
Translation: I/you saw him/her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne onuu vekhyaa e/*suu
Glosses: Karan-ERG 3SG.DOM see.PFV.M.SG be.PRS.3SG/3SG.CL
Translation: Karan saw him/her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #karanne toR dittaa suu
Glosses: Karan-ERG break give.PFV.M.SG 3SG.CL
Translation: Karan has broken it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne maareyaa suu
Glosses: Karan-ERG hit.PFV.M.SG 3SG.CL
Translation: Karan has hit her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne muurtiyaaN/billiyaaN vekhiyaaN ne
Glosses: Karan-ERG statue.F.PL/cat.F.PL see.PFV.F.PL be.PRS.3PL
Translation: Karan has seen the statues/cats.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne kinuu maareyaa
Glosses: Karan-ERG who-DOM hit.PFV.M.SG
Translation: Who did Karan hit?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (onuu) karanne (onuu) maareyaa (onuu)
Glosses: 3SG.DOM Karan-ERG 3SG.DOM hit.PFV.M.SG 3SG.DOM
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: (*suu) karanne (*suu) maareyaa suu
Glosses: 3SG.CL Karan-ERG 3SG.CL hit.PFV.M.SG 3SG.CL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne maiN*(nuu)/tai*(nuu) vekhyaa
Glosses: Karan-ERG 1SG-DOM/2SG-DOM see.PFV.M.SG
Translation: Karan saw me/you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne miraa*(nuu)/apneaap*(nuu) vekhyaa
Glosses: Karan-ERG Mira-DOM/self-DOM see.PFV.M.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne onuu maareyaa
Glosses: Karan-ERG 3SG.DOM hit.PFV.M.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne kuRiinuu/kuRii vekhyaa/vekhii
Glosses: Karan-ERG girl-DOM/girl see.PFV.M.SG/F.SG
Translation: Karan saw the girl/a girl.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne miitaanuu kitaab dittii
Glosses: Karan-ERG Mita-DAT book.F.SG give.PFV.F.SG
Translation: Karan gave the book to Mita.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne maiNnuu merii maanuu dittaa
Glosses: Karan-ERG 1SG.DOM my mother-DAT give.PFV.M.SG
Translation: Karan gave me to my mother’, but not ‘Karan gave my mother to me.
Language: Korean
Transcription: Kamki kelisiessunikka swuisieyo
Glosses: cold catch-HON.PST-since rest-HON-IMP.POL
Translation: Since you have a cold, rest!
Language: Korean
Transcription: Nalul 1SG .ACC
Glosses: follow-come-IMP ttala-o-la ! 
Translation: Follow me!’ (Rally cry)
Language: Korean
Transcription: Nalul ttalao#la/ala !
Glosses: 1SG.ACC follow-come-IMP
Translation: Follow me!’ (Specific student-teacher interaction)
Language: Korean
Transcription: Yumika Inhohanthey [choysenul ta hala/*elako] malhaessta
Glosses: Yumi-NOM Inho-to best-ACC all do-IMP.COMP say-PST-DEC.PLAIN
Translation: Yumi told Inho to do his best.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karanne keyaa ki mira kal aayegii je
Glosses: Karan-ERG say.PFV.M.SG that Mira tomorrow come.FUT.F.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan said that Mira will come tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kiddenaal karanne keyaa ki [mira aayegii je]
Glosses: who.GEN-with Karan-ERG say.PFV.M.SG that Mira come.FUT.F.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: With whom did Karan say that Mira will come?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: saare jaao/jaayaa je
Glosses: all go-IMP.2PL/go ALLOC.PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jaao/jaayaa je
Glosses: go-IMP.2PL/go ALLOC.PL
Translation: Go!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maiN bajaar jaavaaNgaa je
Glosses: 1SG.NOM market go-SUBJ-1SG-FUT-M.SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: I will go to the market.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *tusii bajaar jaavoge je
Glosses: 2PL.NOM market go-SUBJ-2PL-FUT-M.PL ALLOC.PL
Translation: You will go to the market.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maiN baazaar jaavaaNgaa (*aaN)
Glosses: 1SG.NOM market go-SUBJ-1SG-FUT-M.SG be.PRS.1SG
Translation: I will go to the market.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: maiN maarØaaNgii suu
Glosses: 1SG.NOM hit-SUBJ-1SG-FUT-F.SG 3SG.CL
Translation: I will hit him/her.
Language: Magahi
Transcription: Santeeaa Banteeaake kahkain ki Ramke Sitase baat kareke chahau
Glosses: Santee Bantee-DAT told-ALLOC.HHON that Ram-DAT Sita-INS talk do-INF should-ALLOC.NHON
Translation: Santee told Bantee that Ram should talk to Sita (said to a teacher).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: karan twaaDenaal/*terenaal bajaar gayaa sii je
Glosses: Karan.NOM 2PL.GEN-with/2SG.GEN-with market go.PFV.M.SG be.PST.3SG ALLOC.PL
Translation: Karan went to the market with you.
Language: Korean
Transcription: Nena cal hasieyo
Glosses: you-na well do-HON-DEC.POL
Translation: Mind your own business.’ (Lit: ‘YOU do well.’)
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Dugar [ mi:sgɘi zagaha ɘdjɘ: /ɘdixɘ gɘžɘ] hana:
Glosses: Dugar  cat.NOM fish eat-PST /eat-POT COMP think-PST
Translation: Dugar thought that a cat ate / will eat the fish.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Dugar [mi:sgɘi zagaha ɘdjɘ: gɘžɘ] hana: xarin mi:sgɘi zagaha ɘdjɘ:güi
Glosses: Dugar cat.NOM fish eat-PST COMP think-PST but cat fish eat-PST-NEG
Translation: Dugar thought that a cat ate the fish, but a cat didn’t eat the fish.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Dugar [ mi:sgɘin zagaha ɘdjɘ:∫i:jɘn’] hana:
Glosses: Dugar.NOM  cat-GEN fish eat-PART-ACC-3 think-PST
Translation: Dugar remembered a cat’s eating the fish.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Dugar [mi:sgɘin zagaha ɘdjɘ:∫i:jɘn’] hana: xarin mi:sgɘi zagaha ɘdjɘ:güi
Glosses: Dugar cat-GEN fish eat-PART-ACC-3 think-PST but cat fish eat-PST-NEG
Translation: #‘Dugar remembered a cat’s eating the fish, but a cat didn’t eat the fish.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Bi Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ: gü gɘžɘ mɘdɘnɘgüib…
Glosses: 1SG.NOM Badma.NOM cart break-PST Q COMP know-PRS-NEG-1SG
Translation: I don’t know whether Badma broke the cart…
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: # …(xarin) Sajana [Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘ] hana:
Glosses: (but) Sajana.NOM Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC think-PST
Translation: # ‘…(but) Sajana remembered that Badma broke the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: …(xarin) Sajana [Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ: gɘžɘ] hana:
Glosses: (but) Sajana.NOM Badma.NOM cart break-PST COMP think-PST
Translation: …(but) Sajana thought that Badma broke the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Garagai xojorto Sajana [Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘn’] hana:
Glosses: day-GEN two-DAT Sajana.NOM Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC-3 think-PST
Translation: On Tuesday Sajana remembered Badma’s breaking the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badma tɘrgɘ garagai nɘgɘndɘ ɘmdɘlɘʒɘ ɘxilɘ:
Glosses: Badma.NOM cart day-GEN one-DAT break-CVB begin-PST
Translation: Badma began to break the cart on Monday.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Badma tɘrgɘ garagai gurbanda ɘmdɘlɘʒɘ ɘxilɘ:
Glosses: Badma.NOM cart day-GEN three-DAT break-CVB begin-PST
Translation: Badma began to break the cart on Wednesday.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sɘsɘg gargaxa: baiga:n üxibüjɘ: hana:
Glosses: Seseg go.out-CAUS-POT-REFL be-PFCT child-ACC.REFL think-PST
Translation: Seseg remembered her future child.’ (lit. ‘her child that will be caused to go out of her’)
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Badma naiman tarxitai mi:sgɘi(ɘ) hanana
Glosses: Badma eight head-COM cat-(ACC) think-PRS
Translation: # ‘Badma is remembering an eight-headed cat.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badmain tarxi so: naiman tarxitai mi:sgɘi oro:
Glosses: Badma-GEN head in eight head-COM cat come-PST
Translation: Badma thought of an eight-headed cat.’ (lit. ‘An eight-headed cat came into Badma’s head.’)
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sɘsɘg gargaxa: baiga:n üxibün tuxaiga: hanana
Glosses: Seseg go.out-CAUS-POT-REFL be-PFCT child-NOM about-ACC.REFL think-PRS
Translation: Seseg is thinking about her future child.’ ✓ Context: Seseg is not pregnant.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: ?Badma naiman tarxitai mi:sgɘi tuxai hanana
Glosses: Badma eight head-COM cat about think-PRS
Translation: Badma is thinking about an eight-headed cat.’ ✓ Context: Badma is imagining a non-existing magical animal.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana Badmi:jɘ hana:
Glosses: Sajana.NOM Badma-ACC think-PST
Translation: Sajana remembered Badma.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Ojuna [Sajani:n du: du:laʒa baixi:jɘ] hanana
Glosses: Ojuna Sajana-GEN song sing-CVB be-POT-ACC think-PRS
Translation: Ojuna is remembering that Sajana is singing a song.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Üsɘgɘldɘr Sɘlmɘg Badmi:n hain xüdɘldɘgi:jɘ türü:∫ɘnxijɘ: hana:
Glosses: yesterday Selmeg Badma-GEN well work-HAB-ACC for.the.first.time think-PST
Translation: Yesterday Selmeg thought for the first time of Badma working well.’ ✓ Context A: We have all known for a long time that Badma works very well. Selmeg, however, didn’t have any thoughts on whether Badma worked well until yesterday. Comment: ‘Ojlgoxo ‘understand, sense’ is better fit for this context, but hanaxa is acceptable too.’9 # Context B: We don’t know if Badma works well. Selmeg didn’t have any thoughts on whether Badma worked well until yesterday.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Ju: honin ? Ju: xɘxɘ: baina∫?
Glosses: what news what do-POT-REFL be-PRS-2SG
Translation: How are you? What are you planning to do?
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘn’ hana:b . Tɘrgɘ zahalsaxu: ali ügi:g hura:d jɘrɘxɘm
Glosses: Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC-3 think-PST-1SG cart fix-SOC-POT-Q DISJ no-Q ask-CVB2 go-POT-1SG
Translation: I remembered that Badma broke a cart. I plan to go ask whether he needs any help to fix it.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Urdanai grɘgu:d gazar xabtagar gɘžɘ buru: hanadag baiga:
Glosses: former Greek-PL Earth flat COMP wrong think-HAB be-PST
Translation: Ancient Greeks mistakenly thought that the Earth is flat.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Gansa gregu:d bɘ∫ɘ ! # Dugar gazarai xabtagar baiga:∫i:jɘ hanadag
Glosses: only Greek-PL not  Dugar Earth-GEN flat be-PART-ACC think-HAB
Translation: Intended: ‘Not only Greek people (had this opinion)! Dugar thinks that the Earth is flat.’ Comment: ‘The reply of the second person contradicts what the first one says.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Bi Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ: gü gɘžɘ mɘdɘnɘgüib , Sajana [Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘ] hanana gü ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM Badma.NOM cart break-PST Q COMP know-PRS-NEG-1SG Sajana.NOM Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC think-PRS Q
Translation: Intended: ‘I don’t know whether Badma broke the cart or not. Does Sajana think/remember that Badma broke the cart?
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #[Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘ] Sajana hana:güi , Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:güi
Glosses: Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC Sajana.NOM think-PST-NEG Badma.NOM cart break-PST-NEG
Translation: Intended: ‘Sajana didn’t think/remember that Badma broke the cart, (and) Badma didn’t break the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫tɘn’] ɘtigɘ:, xarin Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:güi
Glosses: Sajana Badma-GEN cart break-PART-DAT-3 believe-PST but Badma cart break-PST-NEG
Translation: Sajana believed that Badma broke the cart (lit. ‘in Badma’s breaking the cart’), but Badma didn’t break the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [Sɘsɘgɘi xada dɘ:rɘ gara:∫ada] naidana , xarin Sɘsɘg xada dɘ:rɘ gara:güi
Glosses: Sajana Seseg-GEN mountain up go.to-PART-DAT hope-PRS but Seseg mountain up go.to-PST-NEG
Translation: Sajana hopes that Seseg went up the mountain (lit. ‘in Seseg’s going up the mountain’), but Seseg didn’t go up the mountain.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Darima Sajani:n Burjati tuxai du: du:la:∫i:jɘ hana:, Sɘsɘg Sajani:n Burjati tuxai du: du:la:∫i:jɘ hana:, Narana baha Sajani:n Burjati tuxai du: du:la:∫i:jɘ hana:
Glosses: Darima Sajana-GEN Buryatia about song sing-PART-ACC think-PST Seseg Sajana-GEN Buryatia about song sing-PART-ACC think-PST Narana also Sajana-GEN Buryatia about song sing-PART-ACC think-PST
Translation: Darima remembered Sajana’s singing a song about Buryatia, Seseg remembered Sajana’s singing a song about Buryatia, and Narana also remembered Sajana’s singing a song about Buryatia.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [ Badmi:n Xurumxa:nha: jɘrɘ:d baiga:∫i:jɘn’] [ gɘrtɘ xulgai∫an oro: gɘžɘ] hana:
Glosses: Sajana  Badma-GEN Kurumkan-ABL come-CVB2 be-PART-ACC-3  house-DAT burglar go.in-PST COMP think-PST
Translation: Sajana recalled the/an event of Badma returning from Kurumkan, (thinking) that a burglar entered the house.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ: gɘžɘ] hana:
Glosses: Sajana.NOM Badma.NOM cart break-PST COMP think-PST
Translation: Sajana thought that Badma broke the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badma bɘ∫ɘg bɘ∫ɘžɘ ɘxilɘ:
Glosses: Badma letter write begin-PST
Translation: Badma began to write a letter.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: [Ojuna üxibü: türɘžɘ], Badma ɘsɘgɘ bolobo
Glosses: Ojuna.NOM child give.birth.to Badma.NOM father become-PST2
Translation: As Ojuna gave birth to a child, Badma became a father.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Üsɘgɘldɘr Badma bɘ∫ɘg bɘ∫ɘžɘ ɘxilɘ:, ba münödɘr (Badma) baha ti:žɘ ɘxilɘ:
Glosses: yesterday Badma letter write begin-PST and today (Badma) also do.so begin-PST
Translation: Yesterday Badma began to write a letter, and today he also began to do so [= write a letter].
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badma [Sajana bulja: gɘžɘ] hana:, Ojuna baha ti:žɘ / *ti:mɘ / *tɘrɘni:jɘ hana:
Glosses: Badma.NOM Sajana.NOM win-PST say think-PST Ojuna.NOM also do.so  do.so-ADJ  that-ACC think-PST
Translation: Badma thought that Sajana won, Ojuna also thought so.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: <Sajana> [ Badma jɘrɘ: gɘžɘ] <Sajana> mɘdɘnɘ
Glosses: Sajana  Badma come-PST say-CVB Sajana know-PRS
Translation: Sajana knows that Badma came.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: <za:bol> Rinčin <za:bol> ajaga <za:bol> uga:xa
Glosses: certainly Rinchin certainly dishes certainly wash-POT
Translation: Rinchin will certainly wash the dishes.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: *[ Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlhɘn gɘžɘ] Sajani:jɘ ga:ru:la:
Glosses:  Badma cart break-PFCT say-CVB Sajana-ACC anger-CAUS-PST
Translation: Intended: ‘That Badma broke the cart angered Sajana.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: [ ɘnɘ tɘrgɘn] Sajani:jɘ ga:ru:la:
Glosses:  this cart-NOM Sajana-ACC anger-CAUS-PST
Translation: This cart angered Sajana.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: [ Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫ɘn’] Sajani:jɘ ga:ru:la:
Glosses:  Badma-GEN cart break-PART-3.NOM Sajana-ACC anger-CAUS-PST
Translation: That Badma broke the cart angered Sajana.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘ(n’)] hana:
Glosses: Sajana.NOM Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC-(3) think-PST
Translation: Sajana remembered that Badma broke the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Bi [Dugarai Baigalha: jɘrɘ:∫i:jɘ] mɘdɘnɘb
Glosses: 1SG.NOM Dugar-GEN Baikal-ABL come--ACC know-PRS-1SG
Translation: I know that Dugar returned from Baikal.’ ✓ Context A ( Yesterday Dugar returned from Baikal. # Context B ( Dugar is currently on his way here, returning from Baikal. # Context C ( Next week Dugar will return from Baikal.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badma [Darimi:n dɘn türgö:r ma∫ina:r jaba:∫i:jɘ] hanana , xarin Badma [ (Darima) dɘn türgö:r ma∫ina:r jaba: gɘžɘ] hananagüi
Glosses: Badma Darima-GEN too.much quickly by.car go-PART-ACC think-PRS but Badma (Darima) too.much quickly by.car go-PST COMP think-PRS-NEG
Translation: Paraphrase: ‘Badma remembers an event of Darima’s driving too quickly, but he doesn’t think that Darima drove too quickly.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Darima [gɘrtɘ xulgai∫an oro: gɘžɘ] hanana , xarin tɘrɘ axan’ Xurumxa:nha: jɘrɘhɘn baiga:
Glosses: Darima.NOM house-DAT thief.NOM enter-PST COMP think-PRS but that brother-3.NOM Kurumkan-ABL come-PFCT be-PST
Translation: Darima thinks that a thief entered the house, but it was her brother coming back from Kurumkan.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Darima [gɘrtɘ xulgai∫anai oro:∫i:jɘ] hanana , xarin tɘrɘ axan’ Xurumxa:nha: jɘrɘhɘn baiga:
Glosses: Darima.NOM house-DAT thief-GEN enter-PART-ACC think-PRS but that brother-3.NOM Kurumkan-ABL come-PFCT be-PST
Translation: Intended: ‘Darima thinks that a thief entered the house, but it was her brother coming back from Kurumkan.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘ] hana:
Glosses: Sajana.NOM Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC think-PST
Translation: Sajana remembered Badma’s breaking the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: … ɘnɘ u∫ar gaza: bolo:
Glosses:  this event outside become-PST
Translation: …This event happened outside.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana aja:r xɘzɘ:nhɘ: xoi∫o [Sɘsɘg xada dɘ:rɘ gara: gɘžɘ] arsalda:
Glosses: Sajana long.ago when-NOM-ABL back Seseg.NOM mountain to go-PST COMP argue-PST
Translation: Sajana argued all along that Seseg went up the mountain.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: *Sajana aja:r xɘzɘ:nhɘ: xoi∫o [Sɘsɘgɘi xada dɘ:rɘ gara:∫i:jɘ] arsalda:
Glosses: Sajana long.ago when-NOM-ABL back Seseg-GEN mountain to go-PART-ACC argue-PST
Translation: Intended: ‘Sajana argued all along that Seseg went up the mountain.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Sɘsɘg gargaxa: baiga:n üxibüjɘ: hanana
Glosses: Seseg go.out-CAUS-POT-REFL be-PFCT child-ACC.REFL think-PRS
Translation: Seseg remembers her future child.’ (lit. ‘her child that will be caused to go out of her’)
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana Dugarha: Badmi:n tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:∫i:jɘ du:la:
Glosses: Sajana Dugar-ABL Badma-GEN cart break-PART-ACC hear-PST
Translation: Sajana heard from Dugar about Badma’s breaking the cart.’ ✓ Context A: Badma broke the cart, and Dugar told Sajana about it. # Context B: Badma didn’t break the cart. Dugar lied to Sajana that he did.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: # … xarin Badma tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ:güi
Glosses:  but Badma cart break-PST-NEG
Translation: But Badma didn’t break the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana Sɘsɘgɘi xada dɘ:rɘ gara:∫i:jɘ xɘlɘ:
Glosses: Sajana Seseg-GEN mountain to go-PART-ACC say-PST
Translation: Sajana said (something) about Seseg’s going up the mountain.’ ✓ Context A: Seseg went up the mountain. # Context B: Seseg didn’t go up the mountain.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #… xarin Sɘsɘg xada dɘ:rɘ gara:güi
Glosses:  but Seseg mountain to go-PST-NEG
Translation: But Seseg didn’t go up the mountain.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: [Badma üstɘr nom un∫a: gɘ:∫ɘ] buru:
Glosses: Badma yesterday book read-PST say false
Translation: That Badma read a book yesterday is false.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Dugar [mi:sgɘin zagaha ɘdjɘ: gɘ:∫i:jɘ] hana:, xarin mi:sgɘi zagaha ɘdjɘ:güi
Glosses: Dugar cat-GEN fish eat-PST say-PART-ACC think-PST but cat fish eat-PST-NEG
Translation: Dugar remembered (the claim) that the cat ate the fish, but the cat didn’t eat the fish.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Mi:sgɘi zagaha ɘdjɘ: gɘžɘ xɘn∫jɘ xɘzɘ:∫jɘ hana:güi , (xarin) dugar [mi:sgɘin zagaha ɘdjɘ: gɘ:∫i:jɘ] hana:
Glosses: cat fish eat-PST say-CVB who-PTCL when-PTCL think-PST-NEG (but) Dugar cat-GEN fish eat-PST say-PART-ACC think-PST
Translation: # ‘Noone has ever thought that the cat ate the fish, (but) Dugar remembered (the claim) that the cat ate the fish.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Bi jɘxɘ boloxodo:, tomo gɘr abaxab
Glosses: 1SG.NOM big become-POT-DAT-REFL huge house buy--1SG
Translation: When I will grow up, I will buy a huge house.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Tɘ:d∫jɘ , ∫i ü∫ö: baga∫, bu: ürgɘlxɘ∫ni ü∫ö: üdi:
Glosses: but-PTCL you still little-2SG, gun lift-POT-2SG still NEG
Translation: Moreover, you are still little, you still can’t lift a gun.’ (Skribnik & Darzhaeva 2016: 201)
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Badmain gurban buti:lka hü abaxi:jɘ hananu:∫?
Glosses: Badma-GEN three bottle milk buy-POT-ACC think-PRS-Q-2SG
Translation: Do you remember Badma’s buying three bottles of milk?’ ✓ Context A: Some time ago Badma bought three bottles of milk. ✓ Context B: Someone is making a list of things to buy, and I see them write “3 bottles of milk” on that list. They might not realize that Badma already has planned to buy 3 bottles of milk himself.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Oi . Badmi:n mjaxa abaxi:jɘn’ haja hanabab . Ba:rhan Badma , mjaxa abaxagüi .
Glosses: oh Badma-GEN meat buy-POT-ACC-3 just.now think-PST2-1SG poor Badma meat buy-POT-NEG
Translation: Oh. I just remembered (about) Badma’s buying meat. Poor Badma, he will not buy meat.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Bi [Dugarai Baigalha: jɘrɘxi:jɘ] hananam , xarin bi Dugar Baigalha: jɘrɘxɘgüi gɘžɘ mɘdɘnɘb
Glosses: 1SG.NOM Dugar-GEN Baikal-ABL come-POT-ACC think-PRS-1SG but 1SG.NOM Dugar Baikal-ABL come-POT-NEG COMP know-PRS-1SG
Translation: I remember that Dugar should/is supposed to return from Baikal, but I know that Dugar will not return from Baikal.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: alimde almala zoqele . # alim almanɨ tü∫ürgendi
Glosses: Alim-LOC apple-PL exist-PL  Alim apple-ACC fall-CAUS-PFCT-3
Translation: Alim had no apples. # Alim dropped an apple.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: alim [fatimanɨ sabiji eri∫üde qatxanɨn] esine tü∫ürgendi , # alaj fatimanɨ sabiji eri∫üde qɨtdɨrʁandɨ
Glosses: Alim Fatima-GEN child-3 contest-LOC win-PFCT-3-ACC memory-3-DAT fall-CAUS-PFCT-3  but F.-GEN child-3 contest-LOC lose-PFCT-3
Translation: Alim remembered that Fatima’s child won the contest (lit. ‘dropped Fatima’s child’s winning the context into his memory’), # but Fatima’s child lost the contest.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: [Manai tai∫a: tuxai du: garga:∫a] xün ɘnɘl da:
Glosses: 1SG.GEN taishi-REFL about song bring.out-PART human this-PTCL EMPH.PTCL
Translation: Here is that very person who composes songs about our taishi (a community leader in Mongolic culture).’ (Sanzheev et al. 1962: 175)
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: Sajana [Badma / Badmi:jɘ tɘrgɘ ɘmdɘlɘ: gɘžɘ] hana: / mɘdɘ: / xɘlɘ: / oilgo:
Glosses: Sajana Badma.NOM / Badma cart break-PST COMP think-PST / know-PST / say-PST / realize-PST
Translation: Sajana {thought/found out/said/realized} about Badma that he broke the cart.
Language: Barguzin
Transcription: #Bi Dugarai Baigalha: jɘrɘxi:jɘ mɘdɘnɘb
Glosses: 1SG.NOM Dugar-GEN Baikal-ABL come-POT-ACC know-PRS-1SG
Translation: Intended: ‘I know about Dugar’s returning from Baikal.
Language: Wolof
Transcription: Xale bi laa gis .
Glosses: child the XPL-COP-1SG see
Translation: It’s the child that I saw.
Language: Wolof
Transcription: Ca lekkool ba laa gise Isaa .
Glosses: P school the XPL-COP-1SG see-APPL Isaa
Translation: It’s at school that I saw Isaa.
Language: Wolof
Transcription: Gaaw laa ubbee bunt bi .
Glosses: quickly XPL-COP-1SG open-MANN door the
Translation: It’s quickly that I opened the door.
Language: Sinhala
Transcription: Ranjit [Chitra ee potǝ tamay kieuwe kiyǝla] dannǝwa .
Glosses: Ranjit Chitra that book FOC read-E that know-A
Translation: Ranjit knows that it was that book that Chitra read.
Language: Sinhala
Transcription: Ranjit [Chitra ee potǝ tamay kieuwa kiyǝla] danne .
Glosses: Ranjit Chitra that book FOC read-A that know-E
Translation: It is that book that Ranjit knows that Chitra read.
Language: Sinhala
Transcription: [Ranjit ee potǝ kieuwa] tamay
Glosses: Ranjit that book read-A FOC
Translation: It was only that Ranjit read that book.
Language: Old Japanese
Transcription: Pito = koso sirane matu = pa siru ramu .
Glosses: Person = KOSO know-NEG.IZ pine = TOP know MOD.RT
Translation: Though people do not understand, the pine may know.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo ndà aonde Toni ?
Glosses: be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP where Toni
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondelo ndà Toni ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP Toni
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Co che machina elo ndà Toni ?
Glosses: with which car be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP Toni ? 
Translation: With which car did Toni go?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Dulà isal lât Toni ?
Glosses: where be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP Toni
Language: Friulian
Transcription: *Isal lât dulà Toni ?
Glosses: be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP where Toni
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: No savin la cal è lât .
Glosses: NEG know.1PL where that-3SG.M.SCL be.3SG go.PTCP
Translation: We don’t know where he went.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *No savin cal è lât dulà .
Glosses: NEG know.1PL that-3SG.M.SCL be.3SG go.PTCP where
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo magnà l can al scorthet ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL eat.PTCP the dog the lard
Translation: Did the dog eat the piece of lard?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Essela magnà de manco , no la saria tan grasa .
Glosses: have.3SG.SUBJ.IMPF-3SG.F.SCL eat.PTCP of less, NEG 3SG.F.SCL be.3SG.COND so fat
Translation: Had she eaten less, she wouldn’t be so fat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Se essela magnà de manco , no la saria tan grasa .
Glosses: if have.3SG.SUBJ.IMPF-3SG.F.SCL eat.PTCP of less, NEG 3SG.F.SCL be.3SG.COND so fat
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Clamassitu plui dispes !
Glosses: call.2SG.IMPF.SUBJ-2SG.SCL more often
Translation: I wish you called more often!
Language: Friulian
Transcription: *Che clamassitu plui dispes !
Glosses: that call.2SG.IMPF.SUBJ-2SG.SCL more often
Language: Friulian
Transcription: *O mi domandi ce che ano mangjât ta chel puestat là .
Glosses: 1SG.SCL myself ask.1SG what that have.3PL-3PL.SCL eat.PTCP in that bad.place there
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hatu parecià che ?
Glosses: have.2SG-2SG.SCL prepare.PTCP what
Translation: What did you prepare?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Galo dat che Mario al can ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-HAVE.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP what Mario to-the dog
Translation: What did Mario give to the dog?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Ce mangjal Pieri ?
Glosses: what eat.3SG-3SG.M.SCL Peter
Translation: What does Peter eat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mangnelo che Piero ?
Glosses: eat.3SG-3SG.M.SCL what Peter
Translation: What does Peter eat?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Ce ajal mangjât Pieri ?
Glosses: what have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL eat.PTCP Peter
Translation: What did Peter eat?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Ce ajal Pieri mangjât ?
Glosses: what have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL Peter eat.PTCP
Translation: What did Peter eat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo magnà che Piero ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL eat.PTCP what Peter
Translation: What did Peter eat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alo Piero magnà che ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL Peter eat.PTCP what
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo spes vedù chi Mario al marcà ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL often see.PTCP who Mario at-the market
Translation: Who has Mario often seen at the market?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo vedù chi Mario despes al marcà ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL see.PTCP who Mario often at-the market
Translation: Who has Mario often seen at the market?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alo despes vedù chi Mario al marcà ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL often see.PTCP who Mario at-the market
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Setu ndat andè ?
Glosses: be.2SG-2SG.SCL go.PTCP where
Translation: Where did you go?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Dulà setu lât ?
Glosses: where be.2SG-2SG.SCL go.PTCP
Translation: Where did you go?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo ndat aonde Toni ?
Glosses: be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP where Toni
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondelo ndat Toni ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP Toni
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ondelo ndat aonde Toni ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP where Toni
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Laisal lât Toni ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP Toni
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo capità che ?
Glosses: be.3SG-SCL happen.PTCP what ? 
Translation: What happened?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Galo dat a chi to fradel na schafa ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP to who your brother a slap
Translation: To whom did your brother give a slap?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Galo dat a chi na schafa to fradel ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP to who a slap your brother
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Galo dat a chi , to fradel na schafa ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP to who your brother a slap
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ghelalo data a chi , to fradel na schafa ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-3SG.F.OCL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP-F.SG to who your brother a slap.F.SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ghelalo data a chi , na schafa to fradel ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-3SG.F.OCL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP-F.SG to who a slap.F.SG your brother
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Gali dat che i dotor a Simon ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-have.3PL-3PL.M.SCL give.PTCP what the doctors to Simon
Translation: What did the doctors give to Simon?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alo vedù chi despes Mario al marcà ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL see.PTCP who often Mario at-the market
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo chi che a beù tut al vin ?
Glosses: be.3SG-SCL who COMP have.3SG drink.PTCP all the wine ? 
Translation: Who drank all the wine?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo stà che che a npathinà l mur ?
Glosses: be.3SG-SCL be.PTCP what COMP have.3SG dirty.PTCP the wall ? 
Translation: What dirtied the wall?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Alo beù chi l vin ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL drink.PTCP who the wine ? 
Translation: (Lit. Who did the wine drink?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ruelo chi ?
Glosses: arrive.3SG-SCL who
Translation: Who is arriving?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo mort chi ?
Glosses: be.3SG-SCL die.PTCP who
Translation: Who died?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Credeelo che l fiol de chi nol gnesse ?
Glosses: Believe.3SG.IMPF-3SG.M.SCL that the son of who NEG-3SG.SCL come.3SG.SUBJ.IMPF
Translation: (*Of whom did he believe that the son would not come?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *One da telefonar prima de ndar aonde ?
Glosses: have.1PL-1PL.SCL to phone.INF before of go.INF where
Translation: (*Where should we call before we go?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Atu vedù la femena che la vio aonde ?
Glosses: have.2SG-2SG.SCL see.PTCP the woman that 3SG.F.SCL live.3SG where
Translation: (*Where did you see the woman that lives?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo vedù quand so sor ___ ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL see.PTCP when his sister 
Translation: When did he see her sister?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Alo vedù so sor quand ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL see.PTCP his sister when
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo magnà che l can ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL eat.PTCP what the dog
Translation: What did the dog eat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Te ol che dal demonio ?
Glosses: 2SG.SCL want.2SG what of-the devil
Translation: (What the hell do you want?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Utu che dal demonio ?
Glosses: want.2SG-2SG.SCL what of-the devil
Translation: What the hell do you want?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ala beù che Maria ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.F.SCL drink.PTCP what Mary
Translation: What did Mary drink?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondela ndà to sor ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.F.SCL go.PTCP your sister
Translation: Where did your sister go?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *AL GAT galo dat che , no al can ?
Glosses: to-the cat DAT.CL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP what NEG to-the dog
Translation: (What did he give to the cat and not to the dog?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Galo dat che AL GAT Mario ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP what to-the cat Mario
Translation: What did Mario give to the cat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Galo dat AL GAT che Mario ?
Glosses: DAT.CL-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL give.PTCP to-the cat what Mario
Translation: What did Mario give to the cat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Quanelo MARIA che la a catà n om ?
Glosses: when-be.3SG-SCL Maria COMP 3SG.F.SCL have.3SG find.PTCP a husband
Translation: When did Maria find a husband?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ondesone aonde ?
Glosses: where-be.1PL-1PL.SCL where
Translation: Where are we?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Saalo fat Toni ?
Glosses: what-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL do.PTCP Toni
Translation: What did Toni do?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Saalo fat che Toni ?
Glosses: what-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL do.PTCP what Toni
Translation: What did Toni do?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondelo ndà Mario ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP Mario
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Elo ndà aonde Mario ?
Glosses: be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL go.PTCP where Mario
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Onde/*Aonde valo Mario ?
Glosses: where go.3SG-3SG.M.SCL Mario
Translation: Where is Mario going?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Valo aonde/*onde Mario ?
Glosses: go.3SG-3SG.M.SCL where Mario
Translation: Where is Mario going?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Laisal Jacum ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL James
Translation: Where is James?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dulà isal Jacum ?
Glosses: where be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL James
Translation: Where is James?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Dulà laisal Jacum ?
Glosses: where where-be.3SG-3SG.M.SCL James
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Comalo fat ?
Glosses: how-have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL do.PTCP
Translation: How did he do?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Quansitu ndà a fong ?
Glosses: when-be.2SG-2SG.SCL go.PTCP to mushroom
Translation: When did you go picking up mushrooms?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Che majon atu comprà ?
Glosses: which jumper have.2SG-2SG.SCL buy.PTCP ? 
Translation: Which jumper did you buy?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Che magnetu ti ?
Glosses: what eat.2SG-2SG.SCL you ? 
Translation: What of these things are you going to eat?’ (Lit. What do you eat?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Che elo che te magna ?
Glosses: what be.3SG-SCL that 2SG.SCL eat.2SG
Translation: Is it what of these things that you are going to eat?’ (Lit. Is it what that you eat?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: #Elo che che te magna ?
Glosses: be.3SG-SCL what that 2SG.SCL eat.2SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Laorelo con chi to pare ? Nondlinked interpretation
Glosses: work.3SG-3SG.M.SCL with who your father 
Translation: With whom does your father work?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Con chi laorelo to pare ? Dlinked interpretation
Glosses: with who work.3SG-3SG.M.SCL your father 
Translation: With whom (of these people) does your father work?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Atu ledhest quanti libri l an pasà ?
Glosses: have.2SG-2SG.SCL read.PTCP how.many books the year past
Translation: How many books did you read last year?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mi o ledhest diese libri , e ti ? Quanti libri atu ledhest ?
Glosses: I have.1SG read.PTCP ten book and you how.many books have.2SG-2SG.SCL read.PTCP
Translation: I read ten books, and you? How many books did you read?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Aonde situ ndat !?
Glosses: where be.2SG-2SG.SCL go.PTCP
Translation: Where have you been!?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: No ajal durmît Mario di besôl ?24
Glosses: NEG have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL sleep.PTCP Mario of alone
Translation: Didn’t Mario sleep on his own?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *No alo durmì Mario da el sol ?
Glosses: NEG have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL sleep.PTCP Mario of him alone
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Laise lade to sûr ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.F.SCL go.PTCP your sister
Translation: Where did your sister go?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dulà ise lade to sûr ?
Glosses: where be.3SG-3SG.F.SCL go.PTCP your sister
Translation: Where did your sister go?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondela ndaa to sor ?
Glosses: where-be.3SG-3SG.F.SCL go.PTCP your sister
Translation: Where did your sister go?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ela ndaa aonde to sor ?
Glosses: be.3SG-3SG.F.SCL go.PTCP where your sister
Translation: Where did your sister go?
Language: Friulian
Transcription: Iar , tal bosc atu viodût to barbe ?
Glosses: yesterday in-the woods have.2SG-2SG.SCL see.PTCP your uncle ? 
Translation: Did you see your uncle in the woods yesterday?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ier , antel bosc atu vedù to barba ?
Glosses: yesterday in-the woods have.2SG-2SG.SCL see.PTCP your uncle ?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ier , atu vedù to barba antel bosc ?
Glosses: yesterday have.2SG-2SG.SCL see.PTCP your uncle in-the woods ? 
Translation: Did you see your uncle yesterday in the woods?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo sistemà tut quand ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL tidy.up.PTCP all when
Translation: (When did he tidy up everything?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Alo sistemà quand tut ?
Glosses: have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL tidy.up.PTCP when all
Translation: When did he tidy up everything?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Valo aonde to fradel sempre al mar ?
Glosses: go.3SG-3SG.M.SCL where your brother always to-the seaside
Translation: Where does your brother always go to the seaside?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Valo sempre aonde to fradel al mar ?
Glosses: go.3SG-3SG.M.SCL always where your brother to-the seaside
Translation: (Where does your brother always go to the seaside?)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Latu vedù aonde ?
Glosses: 3SG.M.OCL-have.2SG-2SG.SCL see.PTCP where
Translation: Where did you see him?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondelatu vedù ?
Glosses: where-3SG.M.OCL-have.2SG-2SG.SCL see.PTCP
Translation: Where did you see him?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Parchè me atu ciamà ?
Glosses: why 1SG.OCL have.2SG-2SG.SCL call.PTCP
Translation: Why did you call me?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Me atu ciamà parchè ?
Glosses: 1SG.OCL have.2SG-2SG.SCL call.PTCP why
Translation: Why did you call me?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: No ajal Mario durmît di besôl ?
Glosses: NEG have.3SG-3SG.M.SCL Mario sleep.PTCP of alone
Translation: Didn’t Mario sleep on his own?
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: tuláakal le meyajo’ob=o’
Glosses: all DEF worker-PL-ADDR.PROX
Translation: all the workers
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: le=xch’úup chak u=nòok’=o’
Glosses: DEF.F-female red 2.ERG/POSS=garment=ADDR.PROX
Translation: the woman dressed in red
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: Ba’x k’ìin kuy=úuchul lel=o’?
Glosses: what sun IMPF-3.ERG/POSS=happen-INCH DEM=ADDR.PROX
Translation: What day does that usually happen?
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: lekan taakø le [máax bisikø le paca ti’ Enlace]=o’
Glosses: when come-IRR-3.SG.ABS DEM who go-CAUS-IND-3.SG.ABS DEF bale PREP PN=ADDR.PROX
Translation: when the one who takes the (henequen) bales to Enlace comes …’14 (Lit. “when that who takes the bales to Enlace comes”)
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: le [ba’ax kin tsikbaltikø te’ex]=a’
Glosses: DEM what HAB-1.SG.ERG/POSS chat-TR-IND-3.SG.ABS 2.PL=SPKR.PROX
Translation: this thing that I’m telling you’ (Lit. “this which I am telling you”)
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: le [tu’ux ts’u yáax máan le meyaj]=o’
Glosses: DEM where TERM-3.ERG/POSS first pass DEF work=ADDR.PROX
Translation: [that place] where they first went to work’ (Lit. “that where they first passed to work”)
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: Yaanø [máax k’amikø].
Glosses: EX-3.SG.ABS who receive-IND-3.SG.ABS
Translation: There were those who received it.’ (Lit. “There is who receives it”)
Language: Yucatec Maya
Transcription: Ko’one’ex ilikø [ba’ax kan u beetejø].
Glosses: go-1.PL.ABS-2.PL.ABS see-IND-3.SG.ABS what AUX 3.ERG/POSS do-IRR-3.SG.ABS
Translation: Let’s go see what it (the rain) is going to do.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: le [máax bisikø le paca ti’ Enlace]=o’
Glosses: DEM who go-CAUS-IND-3.SG.ABS DEF bale PREP PN=ADDR.PROX
Translation: that who takes the bales to Enlace” ((⁺ʰᵘᵐprox x): (e:–máax bisik le paca ti’ Enlace–(e)) (x))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Raluca a văzuto pe Beatrice/ea .
Glosses: Raluca has seen-CL.3SG.F DOM Beatrice/her
Translation: Raluca saw Beatrice/her.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sora a văzuto pe Carmen ieri .
Glosses: sister.DEF.SG.F has seen-CL.3.SG.F DOM Carmen yesterday
Translation: The sister saw Carmen yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Studenta a vizitato pe Sabina .
Glosses: student.DEF.SG.F has visited-CL.3.SG.F DOM Sabina
Translation: The student visited Sabina.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Nar]amᵈSINnaš suppiyaḫḫati
Glosses: Naram.Sin.C.NOM.SG purify.3SG.PST.NACT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ᵈUaš KURe zāḫi
Glosses: Storm.god.C.NOM.SG land.N.ACC.SG strike.3SG.NPST.ACT
Translation: The Storm-god shall strike the land’ (KBo 6.25 + KBo 13.35 iii 5–7)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: takku LU .MEŠ zaḫḫanda ta 1aš aki
Glosses: if men strike.3PL.NPST.NACT CONN one.C.NOM.SG die.3SG.NPST.ACT
Translation: If men strike each other and one dies…’ (KBo 6.26 ii 16)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: takku LÚ .U₁₉ .LUaš ELLAMaš QAŠŠU našma GÌRŠU kuiški tuwa[rnizzi]
Glosses: if man.GEN.SG free.GEN.SG his.arm or his.leg someone break.3SG.NPST.ACT
Translation: If someone breaks the arm or leg of a free man…’ (KBo 6.2 i 20–21; Hoffner 1997: 24–5)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: 2 NINDA .KUR₄ .RA KU₇ .KU₇ BANŠURi kianta
Glosses: two bread sweet table.LOC.SG lie.3PL.NPST.NACT
Translation: Two sweet breads lie on the table.’ (KBo 20.8 i 15)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: nu 3ŠU palwait
Glosses: CONN thrice make.noise.3SG.PST.ACT
Translation: He shouted out three times.’ (KBo 26.65 iv 15–17)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: nu=kan antuḫšātar kuit INA URU .DIDLI .ḪI .A=ŠUNU EGIRpa pān 
Glosses: CONN=PTC population.N.NOM.SG because into.cities=their back go.PTCP.N.NOM.SG be.3SG.PST.ACT
Translation: Because the population had gone back into their cities…’ (KBo 5.6 i 19–20)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: mān UNaš U[(Nši) men]aḫḫan<da> lingan 
Glosses: if man.C.NOM.SG man.DAT.SG toward swear.PTCP.N.NOM/ACC.SG have.3SG.NPST.ACT
Translation: If a man has sworn (a false oath) to another man’ (KUB 30.51 i 17–18 + KUB 30.34 i! 10; Dardano 2006: 128)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: tarra– ‘be capable’ ⟹ tarranu– ‘make capable/powerful’
Glosses:   (e.g., 3PL.NPST.ACT tarranuanzi)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: ur/war– ‘burn’ ⟹ warnu– ‘cause to burn’
Glosses:   (e.g., 1SG.NPST.ACT warnumi)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: zeya– ‘get cooked’ ⟹ zanu– ‘cook’
Glosses:   (e.g., 3SG.NPST.ACT zanuzzi)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: KURiyaš kuraš IZIit warnutari
Glosses: land.GEN.SG field.C.NOM.SG fire.INS burn.3SG.NPST.NACT
Translation: The field of the land shall be burnt by fire.’ (KUB 8.25 i 8–9)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: takku ŠAḪ⟨aš⟩ UR .GI₇ katta kuiški waštai aki=
Glosses: if pig.GEN.SG dog.GEN.SG with someone.C.NOM.SG sin.3SG.NPST.ACT die.3SG.NPST.ACT=3SG.C.NOM
Translation: If someone sins with a pig (or) a dog, he shall die.’ (KBo 6.26 iv 16–17)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: man INA ᵁᴿᵁḪayaša pāun=pat nu=za MU .KAMza šer tepaweššanza 
Glosses: IRR to.Hayasa go.1SG.PST.ACT=FOC CONN=REFL year.C.NOM.SG for small.INCH.PTCP.C.NOM.SG be.3SG.PST.ACT
Translation: I wanted to go also to Hayasa, but the year had become too short for me.’ (KBo 4.4 iii 22–3; cf. Goetze 1933: 139)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: eš/aš– ‘be’ ⟹ ašnu– ‘take care of’
Glosses:   (e.g., 3SG.PST.ACT aššanut)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: ḫuiš– ‘live’ ⟹ ḫuišnu– ‘make live , rescue’
Glosses:   (e.g., 1SG.NPST.ACT ḫuišnumi)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: ḫuw(a)i– ‘move’ ⟹ ḫuinu– ‘make move’
Glosses:   (e.g., 3SG.NPST.ACT ḫuinuzi)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: nink– ‘get drunk’ ⟹ ninknu– ‘make drunk’
Glosses:   (e.g., 3PL.NPST.ACT ninganuwanzi)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: ḫatkešš– ‘become narrow’ ⟹ ḫatkeššnu ‘cause to become narrow’
Glosses:   (e.g., 2SG.NPST.ACT ḫatkišnuši)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: ᵈIMaš=wa LUGALun SAL .LUGALann=a aššuli paḫšaru
Glosses: storm-god.C.NOM.SG=QUOT king.C.ACC.SG queen.C.ACC.SG=CONJ goodness.LOC.SG protect.3SG.IMP.NACT
Translation: May the Storm-god protect the king and the queen in goodness.’ (KUB 30.40 iii 4–6)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: kinun=a 1 UDU LUnaš kāššaš=(š)aš ḫuittiyanta
Glosses: now=TOP 1 sheep man.C.GEN.SG in.place.of=his draw.3PL.NPST.NACT
Translation: But now in place of the man they shall drag in one sheep.’ (KBo 6.26 i 41)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: n=ašta EN ÉRIN .MEŠ šarikuwan 1an 1an anda tarniškezzi
Glosses: CONN=PTC army.commander š-troop.C.ACC.SG 1.C.ACC.SG 1.C.ACC.SG in let.IPFV.3SG.NPST.ACT
Translation: And the army commander admits one š-troop after another.’(VS 28.30 iii 16–7)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: tūriyanzi=ma=aš mašiyanki nu KASKALši KASKALši=pat INA 7 .IKU . anda penneškanzi
Glosses: hitch.up.3PL.NPST.ACT=TOP=3PL.C.ACC how.many.times CONN occasion.LOC.SG occasion.LOC.SG=FOC for.7.IKUs in drive.IPFV.3PL.NPST.ACT
Translation: But as many times as they hitch them up, each time they drive them 7 IKU-measures.’ (KBo 3.5 ii 13–5)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: kētt=a kētt=a GIan ḫuittiannāi tarnāi=ma=an natta īī ḫalziššai
Glosses: on.this.side=CONJ on.this.side=CONJ arrow.C.ACC.SG draw.IPFV.3SG.NPST.ACT release.3SG.NPST.ACT=TOP=3SG.C.ACC NEG ee.ee cry.aloud.IPFV.3SG.NPST.ACT
Translation: He keeps drawing his arrow toward this side and that, but he does not let it go, and he keeps shouting “ee ee!”.’ (KBo 17.43 i 10–11)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kūš LUGAL ÉRIN ŠUTUM kuezza ḫulliškattari
Glosses: DEM.NOM.PL of.king troops š-. what.INS defeat.IPFV.3SG.NPST.NACT
Translation: By what were these š-troops of the king defeated?’ KUB 16.18 + KUB 50.30 obv. 1–2)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: GÚaš=(š)maš ēskedumat
Glosses: back.LOC.PL=3PL.DAT sit.IPFV.2PL.IMP.NACT
Translation: Sit down on their backs!’ (KUB 12.63 + 36.70 obv. 5)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: n=ašta IŠTU É DINGIR É .LUGAL=ya p[(rā)] dušgarannašš=a memiyaš GIŠ ᵈINANNAaš g[alg(altūriyaš)] ḫa[(lugaš)] išdušduškettaru
Glosses: CONN=PTC from houses of.gods house.of.king=CONJ forth joy.GEN.SG=CONJ word.C.NOM.SG Ishtar-instrument.GEN tambourine.GEN message.C.NOM.SG RED.become.evident.IPFV.3SG.IMP.NACT
Translation: Forth from the temples and the palaces let even the word of joy, the message of the Ishtar-instrument(s) (and) of the tambourine(s) resound!’ (KBo 52.85 + KUB 43.58 ii 53–4; Strauß 2006: 337)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: karū=ma [ŠÀ] É DUMU .MEŠan  kinun=a natta kuwāpikki pāun
Glosses: formerly=TOP inside house children.GEN.PL go.IPFV.1SG.PST.NACT now=TOP NEG anywhere go.1SG.PST.ACT
Translation: I used to go to the children’s quarters, but recently I haven’t gone anywhere.’ (KBo 17.1 iv 11–13)
Language: Hittite
Transcription: INA UD .1 .KAM=ya=aš 1 AMMATU  [(INA ITU .1 .KAM=ma=aš 1 IKUan)]  … [(mān INA UD .15 .KAM ti)yat n]u NA₄ parkišta
Glosses: in.one.day=CONJ=3SG.C.NOM one cubit tall.INCH.IPFV.3SG.NPST.NACT in.one.month=TOP=3SG.C.NOM 1 IKU tall.INCH.IPFV.3SG.NPST.NACT  when on.fifteenth.day enter.3SG.PST.ACT CONN stone tall.INCH.3SG.PST.ACT
Translation: In one day he grows one cubit, in one month he grows one IKU-measure … When the fifteenth day came, the Stone had grown tall.’ (KUB 33.93 iv 18–9, 22; CHD P: 160)