lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bigat-en a nga -n , naka-riing kano-n .
Glosses: morning-CMPL.ASP PTCL LIG PH-PTCL ADJ.CMPL.ASP.INTR-wake.up HRS-PTCL
Translation: It was morning, when PH…, they said she woke up.’ (Rubino 1996: 659)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ao--de shi xianren Faguo zongtong
Glosses: Hollande be current France President
Translation: Ao-PH-de is the current President of France.’ (Cheung 2015: 276)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sooieba ,  omoshiroi-njanai-no ?
Glosses: that.reminds.me PH interesting-MM-Q
Translation: That reminds me, isn’t PH interesting?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nanka , ano=.
Glosses: like um
Translation: Like, um.’ (‘=’ is a transcription symbol for sound lengthening)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tokuzawa keeji shochoo .
Glosses: Tokuzawa detective police.department.chief
Translation: PD Chief Tokuzawa?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chau chau chau .
Glosses: no no no
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ano , Hotta Tsutomu-ga kaita , “hinin”-teyuuno .
Glosses: um Hotta Tsutomu-NOM wrote “denial”-something.called
Translation: Um, the one (novel) called Denial that Hotta Tsutomu wrote.’ (Kitano 1999: 388)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: .hh a kõige tähtsam on  
Glosses:  but most important is PH
Translation: But the most important thing is PH::
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: To diavasa xtes ,, tin epistoli .
Glosses: it.CL.ACC.NEUT read.1SG yesterday the.ACC.FEM letter.ACC.FEM
Translation: I read the letter yesterday.’ (Chatzikyriakidis: 2017a: 282)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez dı-kev-ım .
Glosses: I . IMPF-fall-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez dı-rv-ım .
Glosses: I . IMPF-run-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez te dı-wun-ım .
Glosses: I . you . IMPF-see-1SG
Translation: I see you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tı mı dı-wun-i .
Glosses: you . I . IMPF-see-2SG
Translation: You see me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez dı-xaz-ım kı ez nen bı-x-ım .
Glosses: I . IMPF-want-1SG that I . bread . SBJV-eat-1SG
Translation: I want that I eat bread.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mı xast kı ez nen bı-x-ım .
Glosses: I.OBL want.PAST that I . bread . SBJV-eat-1SG
Translation: I wanted that I eat bread.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez ket-ım .
Glosses: I . fall.PAST-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez rvi-m .
Glosses: I . run.PAST-1SG
Translation: I ran.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mı tı di-yi .
Glosses: I . you . see.PAST-2SG
Translation: I saw you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Te ez di-m .
Glosses: you . I . see.PAST-1SG
Translation: You saw me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez di-kev-im .
Glosses: I . IMPF-fall-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez di-rev-im .
Glosses: I . IMPF-run-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tu mın di-bîn-î .
Glosses: you . I . IMPF-see-2SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez te di-bîn-im .
Glosses: I . you . IMPF-see-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez ji wî ra di-bej-im ku ez pırtûk-e bi-xvin-im .
Glosses: I.DIR P he.OBL P IMPF-say-1SG that I . book SBJV-read-1SG
Translation: I tell him that I [want to] read the book.’ (Adapted from Gündoğdu (2011))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mın ji wî ra got ku ez pırtûk-e bi-xvin-im .
Glosses: I.OBL P he.OBL P say.PAST that I . book SBJV-read-1SG
Translation: I told him that I [want to] read the book.’ (Adapted from Gündoğdu (2011))
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez ket-im .
Glosses: I . fall.PAST-1SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez revî-m .
Glosses: I . run.PAST-PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Te mın dît .
Glosses: you . me . see.PAST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mın te dît .
Glosses: I . you . see.PAST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ez dı-xaz-ım kı ez te bı-wun-ım .
Glosses: I.DIR IMPF-want-1SG that I . you . SUBJN-see-1SG
Translation: I want that I see you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mı xast kı ez te bı-wun-ım .
Glosses: I.OBL want.PAST that I . you . SUBJN-see-1SG
Translation: I wanted that I see you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mı te di .
Glosses: I . you . see.PAST
Translation: I saw you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Te mı di .
Glosses: you . I . see.PAST
Translation: You saw me.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali Ayşe-yi gör-üyor .
Glosses: ali.NOM ayşe-ACC see-PRES.IMPF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali Ayşe-yi bil-iyor .
Glosses: ali.NOM ayşe-ACC bil-PRES.IMPF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali Ayşe-yi gör-dü .
Glosses: ali.NOM ayşe-ACC see-PAST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ez tı di(-m).
Glosses: I.DIR you.DIR see.PAST(-1SG).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mı tu ne-bir-i
Glosses: I . you . NEG-take.PAST-2SG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: na te mı bir .
Glosses: no you . I . take.PAST
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ali kitap oku-du .
Glosses: ali.NOM book see.PAST
Translation: Ali read a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Bir kitab-ı anla-mak için defalarca oku-mak gerekir .
Glosses: one book-ACC understand-INF for time-and-again read-INF needed
Translation: Understanding a book requires reading it time and again.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: You were really hoping that Yvette might not win gold at the race .
Glosses: Do you know what place she ended up getting ?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun swul-ul masi-∅-l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP alcohol-ACC drink-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might drink alcohol.’ [Epistemic] ‘Chelswu is able to drink alcohol.’ [Dynamic (ability)] ‘Chelswu is allowed to drink alcohol.’ [Priority (permission)] (adopted from Ha 2007: 315)2
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun swul-ul masi-ess-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP alcohol-ACC move-PAST-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have drunk alcohol.’ [Epistemic] #‘Chelswu was able to brink alcohol.’ [Dynamic (ability)] #‘Chelswu was allowed to drink alcohol.’ [Priority (permission)] (adopted from Ha 2007: 317)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun pappu-∅-l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP busy-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be busy.’ [Epistemic] #’Chelswu is able to be busy.’ [Dynamic (ability)] #’Chelswu is allowed to be busy.’ [Priority (permission)] (Mun 2016: 78)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun swul-ul masi-koiss-∅-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP alcohol-ACC drink-PROG-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: It is possible that Chelswu is drinking alcohol.’ [Epistemic] #’Chelswu is able to be drinking alcohol.’ [Dynamic (ability)] #’Chelswu is allowed to be drinking alcohol.’ [Priority (permission)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pihayngki aphccok nalkay-nun wi-lo/alay-lo cep-ko , swucik kkori nalkay(poco .nalkay)-lul wi-lo/alay-lo cep-eya pihayngki-ka nal-∅-l swu iss-∅-ta .
Glosses: plane front wing-TOP upward/downward fold-and, horizontal tail wing(supplementary.wing)-ACC upward/downward fold-if plane-NOM fly-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Planes can fly if they fold the front and back wings upward/downward.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ondo-ka noph-ul .swulok kongki-ka te manhun swucungki-lul huphswuha-∅-l swu iss-∅-supnita .
Glosses: temperature-NOM high-the.more air-NOM the more vapor-acc absorb-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL.POLITE
Translation: The higher the temperature gets, the more vapor air can absorb.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku thakca-lul olmki-∅-l swu iss--e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that table-ACC move-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES/PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might move the table.’ ‘Chelswu is able to move the table.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to move the table.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku khomphyuthe-lul sayongha--ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that computer-ACC use-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have used the computer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku USB-lul noh-ko ka--ul swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that USB-ACC put-and go-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have left the USB stick.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku thakca-lul olmki--l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that table-ACC move-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might move the table.’ ‘Chelswu is able to move the table.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to move the table.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku phiano tayhoy-ey chamyeha--l swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that piano competition-at participate-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have participated in the piano competition.’ ‘Chelswu was able to participate in the piano competition.’ ‘Chelswu was given permission to participate in the piano competition.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka keki-ese theynisu-lul chi--ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM there-LOC tennis-ACC play-PROG-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be playing tennis there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku ttay sihem-lul chi--ul swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that time exam-ACC take-PROG-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have been taking the exam at that time.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka sihem kongpwu-lul ha--ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM exam study-ACC do-PROG-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have been studying for the exam.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku tosekwan-eyse kongpwuha--ul swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that library-LOC study-PROG-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have been studying in the library.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ku wiwenhoy-nun haksayng-tul-lo-man kusengtoy--ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: that committee-NOM student-PL-with-only consist.of-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: The committee might have consisted of only students.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nwukwun-ka nac-ey cip-ey iss--ul swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: somebody-NOM day-at home-LOC exist-PAST/PRES-ADN swu exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: Somebody might have been home during the day time.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Twu yepaywu-ui uisang-i pisusha--l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: two actress-GEN attire-NOM similar-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: The two actresses’ attire might be similar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nalssi-ka chwu--ul swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: weather-NOM cold-PAST/PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: The weather might have been cold.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka (ecey) ku thakca-lul olmki-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM yesterday that table-ACC move-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu moved the table (yesterday).’ [RT ⊆ yesterday′], [ET ⊂ RT]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka (ecey) ku thakca-lul olmki-koiss-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM yesterday that table-ACC move-PROG-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu was moving the table (yesterday).’ [RT ⊆ yesterday′], [RT ⊆ ET]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka (ecey) pappu-ass-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM yesterday busy-PAST-DECL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Chelswu-ka (ecey) pappu-koiss-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM yesterday busy-PROG-PAST-DECL
Translation: intended: ‘Chelswu was busy (yesterday).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ecey/#cikum/#nayil ku thakca-lul olmki-ess-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM yesterday/now/tomorrow that table-ACC move-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu moved the table yesterday/#now/#tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ecey/#cikum/#nayil pappu-ass-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM yesterday/now/tomorrow busy-PAST-DECL
Translation: Chelswu was busy yesterday/#now/#tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka cikum/nayil/#ecey ku thakca-lul olmki-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM now/tomorrow/yesterday that table-ACC move-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu moves the table now/tomorrow/#yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka cikum/nayil/#ecey pappu-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM now/tomorrow/yesterday busy-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu is busy now/tomorrow/#yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku thakca-lul olmki-∅-∅-l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that table-ACC move-PERF-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might move the table.’ ‘Chelswu is able to move the table.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to move the table.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka ku khomphyuthe-lul sayongha-∅-yess-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM that computer-ACC use-PERF-PAST-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might have used the computer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka keki-ese theynisu-lul chi-koiss-∅-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM there-LOC tennis-ACC play-PROG-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be playing tennis there.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Twu yepaywu-ui uisang-i pisusha-∅l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: two actress-GEN attire-NOM similar-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: The two actresses’ attire might be similar.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: De sleutel moet / kan (wel) (eens) in de la ligg-en .
Glosses: the key NEC.PRS.3SG / POS.PRS.3SG (PTCL) (PTCL) in the drawer lie-INF
Translation: The key must/might be in the drawer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: De sleutel moest / kon (wel) (eens) in de la ligg-en .
Glosses: the key NEC.PST.3SG / POS.PST.3SG (PTCL) (PTCL) in the drawer lie-INF
Translation: The key {had to be}/{might have been} in the drawer.’ [Past TP, Present TO] (Rullmann & Matthewson 2018: 289–290)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nayngcangko-ey aisu khulim-i iss-∅-ta-ko sayngkakhay-ss-e .
Glosses: freezer-LOC ice cream-NOM exist-PRES-DECL-COMP think-PAST-DECL
Translation: I thought that there was ice cream in the freezer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nayngcangko-ey aisu khulim-i iss-∅-ul swu iss-ess-e .
Glosses: freezer-LOC ice cream-NOM exist-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PAST-DECL
Translation: There might be some ice cream in the freezer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka cikum kakey mwun-ul tat-∅-∅-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM now store door-ACC close-PERF-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might close the store now.’ ‘Chelswu is able to close the store now.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to close the store now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-ka cikum kakey mwun-ul tat-koiss-∅-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-NOM now store door-ACC close-PROG-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be closing the store now.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tu peux partir .
Glosses: you may go
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kamu boleh pergi .
Glosses: you may go
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kes-i [nay-ka ilk-∅-ul] chay-i-∅-ta .
Glosses: This thing-NOM I-NOM read-PRES-ADN book-be-PRES-DECL
Translation: This is the book that I will read.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kes-i [nay-ka ku chayk-ul ilk-∅-ul] iyu-i-∅-ta .
Glosses: This thing-NOM I-NOM that book-ACC read-PRES-ADN reason-be-PRES-DECL
Translation: This is the reason why I will read the book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun ttokttokha-∅-l swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP smart-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be smart.’ [Epistemic] #’Chelswu is able to be smart.’ [Dynamic (ability)] #’Chelswu is allowed to be smart.’ [Priority (permission)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Apenim-kkeyse ku thakca-lul olmki-∅-l swu iss-usi-∅-ta .
Glosses: father-HON.NOM that table-ACC move-PRES-ADN SWU exist-HON-PRES-DECL
Translation: #‘The father might move the table.’ [Epistemic] ‘The father is able to move the table.’ [Dynamic (ability)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Apenim-kkeyse ku thakca-lul olmki-si-∅-l swu iss-∅-ta .
Glosses: father-HON.NOM that table-ACC move-HON-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: The father might move the table.’ [Epistemic] #’The father is able to move the table.’ [Dynamic (ability)]
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ku pwun-i ku mwuncey-lul phwu-si-∅-l swu iss-∅-ta .
Glosses: that person.HON-NOM that problem-ACC solve-HON-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: It is possible that that person will solve the problem.’ [Epistemic] ‘That person is able to solve the problem.’ [Dynamic (ability)] (Mun 2016: 82)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun ku hyukeysil-eyse camsi swi-koiss-∅-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP that lounge-LOC for.a.while rest-PROG-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might be taking a rest at the lounge for a while.’ ‘Chelswu is able to be taking a rest at the lounge for a while.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to be taking a rest at the lounge for a while.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Chelswu-nun kyohoy yeypay cwung-ey mal-epsi coyonghi iss-∅-ul swu iss-∅-e .
Glosses: Chelswu-TOP church service during speech-without quietly be-PRES-ADN SWU exist-PRES-DECL
Translation: Chelswu might stay quiet without a word during the church service.’ ‘Chelswu is able to stay quiet without a word during the church service.’ ‘Chelswu is allowed to stay quiet without a word during the church service.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *One has called for you , but I don’t know what it was about .
Glosses: (Fenger 2018:296–297)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wanneer men in Italie is , eet men pasta .
Glosses: When IMP in Italy is, eat IMP pasta . 
Translation: Intended: ‘When people are in Italy, they have the habit of eating pasta.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Men heeft voor je gebeld , maar ik weet niet waar het over ging
Glosses: IMP has for you called but I know not what it about went
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone has called for you, but I don’t know what it was about.’ (Fenger 2018:296–297)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(il)-waaħad laazim yiSħa bakkiir
Glosses: the-one.MS must wake-up.3MS early
Translation: Intended: ‘People must wake up early.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man mste arbeta till 65 .
Glosses: MAN must work until 65
Translation: People have to work until the age of 65.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man arbetade i tv mnader för att lösa problemet .
Glosses: MAN worked for two months to solve the problem
Translation: Some people / they worked for two months to solve …
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I gr p eftermiddagen blev man avskedad .
Glosses: yesterday afternoon was MAN fired
Translation: Yesterday afternoon I was fired.’ (Egerland 2003:76)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Men moat it izer smeie , at it hyt is .
Glosses: one shall the iron forge, while it hot is
Translation: Strike while the iron is hot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man soll das Eisen schmieden , solang es heiß ist .
Glosses: one shall the iron forge, while it hot is
Translation: Strike while the iron is hot.’ (Hoekstra 2010:33)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Men seit dat smoken net sûn is .
Glosses: one says that smoking unhealthy is
Translation: They say that smoking is unhealthy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man sagt , dass Rauchen ungesund sei .
Glosses: one says that smoking unhealthy is
Translation: They say that smoking is unhealthy.’ (Hoekstra 2010:33)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription:  laazim yiSħa bakkiir
Glosses: the-one.MS must wake-up.3MS early
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: laazim yiSħa  bakkiir
Glosses: must wake-up.3MS the-one.MS early
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *waaħad laazim yiSħa bakkiir
Glosses: the-one.MS must wake-up.3MS early
Translation: Intended: ‘People must wake up early.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *il-waaħad biguul innu il-tadxiin mish Siħħi
Glosses: the-one.MS says.3MS that the-smoking NEG healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘They say that smoking is unhealthy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *imbariħ ,  saʔal ʕann-ak , bas ma ħaka šuu bidduh
Glosses: yesterday, the-one.MS asked.3MS about-you, but NEG said.3MS what wants-he.3MS
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone asked about you yesterday, but they did not say what they want.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *imbariħ , saʔal ʕann-ak , bas ma ħaka šuu bidduh
Glosses: yesterday, asked.3MS about-you the-one.MS, but NEG said.3MS what wants-he.3MS
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone asked about you yesterday, but they did not say what they want.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad kaan Taayiš fi Siɣar-uh
Glosses: the-one.MS was.MS reckless.MS in youth-his
Translation: Intended: ‘I was reckless when I was young.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *il-waaħad rayiħ ʕa-l-beit
Glosses: the-one.MS going.3MS to-the-home
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *šuu (il)-waaħad biddu youkil ?
Glosses: what the-one.MS want.3MS eat.3MS
Translation: Intended: ‘What do you want to eat?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wij , de studenten , werken hard .
Glosses: we the students work hard
Translation: We, the students, work hard.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Men , de studenten , werken hard .
Glosses: IMP, the students work hard
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In dit land geef   cadeautjes met kerst .
Glosses: In this country give-s IMP each.other presents with Christmas
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Se si è ricchi si è molto simpatici a tutti
Glosses: if si is rich-PL si is very nice-PL to all
Translation: If one is rich, he/she is very nice for everybody.’ (D’Alessandro & Alexiadou 2002:4)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: walad waaħad
Glosses: boy.MS one.MS
Translation: One boy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bint waħdih
Glosses: girl.FS one.FS
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ana  il-ijazaat
Glosses: I.1MS like.1MS the-vacations.FPL
Translation: I like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: iħna  il-ijazaat
Glosses: we.1PL like.1MPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: We like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: inta/intii / il-ijazaat
Glosses: you.2MS/you.2FS like.2MS/like.2FS the-vacations.FPL
Translation: You (SG) like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: intuu/intin / il-ijazaat
Glosses: you.2MPL/you.2FPL like.2MPL/like.2FPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: You (PL) like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: huu/hii / il-ijazaat
Glosses: he.3MS/she.3FS like.3MS/like.3FS the-vacations.FPL
Translation: He/she likes vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: humma/hinnih / il-ijazaat
Glosses: they.3PL like.3MPL/like.3FPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: They like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad /* il-ijazaat
Glosses: the-one.MS like.3MS/like.3MPL the-vacations.FPL
Translation: Intended.‘People like vacations.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad / bisabab Corona
Glosses: the-one.MS struggled.3MS/struggled.3MPL because Corona
Translation: Intended.‘People struggled because of Coronavirus.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *bi-l-ʕeed il-waaħad bihanni/bihannuu baʕd
Glosses: in-the-Eid the-one.MS congratulate.3MS/congratulate.3MPL each-other
Translation: Intended: ‘In Eid (an Islamic holiday), people congratulate each other.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad laazim yiSħa bakkiir
Glosses: the-one.MS must wake-up.3MS early
Translation: People must wake up early.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waħdih lamma tkuun ħaamil , laazim taakul akil Siħħi
Glosses: the-one.FS when be.3FS pregnant.FS must eat.3FS food healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘When one (feminine) is pregnant, she should eat healthy food.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[ ] miš lazim niθaQ fii-h
Glosses: the-one.MS the-liar.MS NEG must trust.1MPL in-him.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust liars.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[] miš lazim niθaQ fii-ha
Glosses: the-one.FS the-liar.FS NEG must trust.1MPL in-her.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust women who lie.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lamma ykuun il-waaħad , miš lazim niθaQ fii-h
Glosses: when be.3MS the-one.MS liar.MS, NEG must trust.1MPL in-him.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust people who lie.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: lamma tkuun il-waħdih , miš lazim niθaQ fii-ha
Glosses: when be.3FS the-one.FS liar.FS, NEG must trust.1MPL in-her.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘We should not trust women who lie.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad  il-marʔa il-SaadiQa
Glosses: the-one.MS love.3MS the-woman.FS the-honest.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘People love honest women.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waħdih  il-rajul il-SaadiQ
Glosses: the-one.FS love.3FS the-man.MS the-honest.MS
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Man heeft voor je gebeld , maar ik weet niet waar het over ging .
Glosses: IMP has for you called but I know not what it about went
Translation: Someone has called for you, but I don’t know what it was about.’ (Fenger 2018:296–297)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Dit herinnert men aan de oorlog .
Glosses: This reminds IMP of the war
Translation: This reminds one of the war.’ (Fenger 2018:298)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Daarom ziet hij men altijd op vakantie gaan .
Glosses: Therefore sees he IMP always on vacation go
Translation: (Modified from Fenger 2018:299)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription:  ʕam yiʕaani min siyaasaat il-ħukuuma
Glosses: the-one.MS PROG struggle.3MS from policies.FPL the-government.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘People are struggling due to the government’s policies.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʕam yiʕaani  min siyaasaat il-ħukuuma
Glosses: PROG struggle.3MS the-one.MS from policies.FPL the-government.FS
Translation: Intended: ‘People are struggling due to the government’s policies.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad injabar yidal bi-l-beit ʕašaan Corona
Glosses: the-one.MS forced.3MS stay.3MS in-the-house.MS because Corona
Translation: Intended: ‘People were forced to say at home due to Coronavirus.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bi London , il-waaħad biyiwsal ʕa-l-wagit ʔiða axad il-Qitaar
Glosses: in London, the-one.MS arrives.3MS on-the-time if take.3MS the-train.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘In London, people arrive on time if they take the train.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Corona bitzakker il-waaħad bi-l-mout
Glosses: Corona reminds.3FS the-one.MS of-death.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘Coronavirus reminds one of death.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-ħukuuma bidha il-waaħad yidal bi-l-beit ʕašaan Corona
Glosses: the-government.FS wants.3FS one.MS stay.3MS in-the-home.MS because Corona
Translation: Intended: ‘The government wants people to stay at home due to Coronavirus.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-šarika bi-tSalliħ sayyarit il-waaħad u bitrajjiʕha
Glosses: the-company.FS fixes.3FS car.FS the-one.MS and return-it.3FS
Translation: The company fixes one’s car and returns it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: al-kalb-u y-anbaħ-u
Glosses: the-dog.MS-NOM bark.3MS
Translation: The dog barks.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: al-kilaab-u t-anbahħ-u
Glosses: the-dogs.MPL-NOM bark.3FS
Translation: The dogs bark (Dogs bark).’ (Fassi-Fehri 2004:44)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kalb-u-n y-anbaħ-u
Glosses: dog.MS-NOM bark.3MS
Translation: A dog is barking.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kilaab-u-n t-anbaħ-u
Glosses: dogs.MPL-NOM bark.3FS
Translation: Dogs are barking.’ (Fassi-Fehri 2004:44)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In quel ristorante si mangiava bene
Glosses: in that restaurant si ate-IPFV well
Translation: People used to eat well in that restaurant.’ (GEN)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: In quel ristorante si è mangiato bene
Glosses: in that restaurant si is eaten-PFV well
Translation: We have eaten well in that restaurant.’ (INCL) (D’Alessandro & Alexiadou 2002:35)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fii S-Sahraaʔ-i  š-šaay-a l-muħallaa
Glosses: in the-sahara 3-like-PL-INDF the-tea-ACC the-sugared
Translation: In the Sahara, they like sweet tea.’ (Fassi-Fehri 2009:8)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bi-l-urdon kteer  Mansaf
Glosses: in-the-Jordan many eat.3MPL Mansaf
Translation: Intended: ‘People in Jordan eat Mansaf a lot.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad ʕaana ktiir bisabab il-ħajir
Glosses: the-one.MS struggled.3MS many because the-lockdown.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘People struggled a lot due to the lockdown.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad ʕam yiʕaani ktiir bisabab il-ħajir
Glosses: the-one.MS PROG struggle.3MS many because the-lockdown.MS
Translation: Intended: ‘People are struggling a lot due to the lockdown.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: At in studint tûk is , is er ornaris grutsk .
Glosses: If a student smart is, is he usually proud
Translation: If a student is smart, he is usually proud.’ (✔QVE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: At de studint tûk is , is er ornaris grutsk .
Glosses: If the student smart is, is he usually proud
Translation: If the student is smart, he is usually proud.’ (*QVE) (Hoekstra 2010:51)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: At men tûk is , is men ornaris grutsk .
Glosses: If one smart is, is one usually proud
Translation: If one is smart, one is usually proud.’ (QVE reading: ‘Most smart people are proud.’) (Hoekstra 2010:51)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔiða kaan il-Taalib ðaki , ʕadatan bikuun faxuur
Glosses: if was.MS the-student.MS smart.MS, usually be.3MS proud.MS
Translation: If the student is smart, he is usually proud.’ (*QVE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʔiða kaan il-waaħad ðaki , ʕadatan bikuun faxuur
Glosses: if was.MS the-one.MS smart.MS, usually be.3MS proud.MS
Translation: If one is smart, he is usually proud.’ (*QVE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fii (*il)-walad saʔal ʕann-ak
Glosses: EXP (the)-boy.MS asked.3MS about-you
Translation: Intended:‘A boy asked about you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *fii il-waaħad saʔal ʕann-ak
Glosses: EXP the-one.MS asked.3MS about-you
Translation: Intended: ‘Someone asked about you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: il-waaħad u mart-uh laazim yinaaQšuu mašaakil-hum
Glosses: the-one.MS and wife-his must discuss.3MPL problem-their
Translation: Intended: ‘A man and his wife must discuss their problems.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hier soir on a été congédié
Glosses: yesterday evening one has been fired
Translation: We were fired yesterday evening.’ (Egerland 2003:84)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: biguuluu innu il-tadxiin mish Siħħi
Glosses: say.3MPL that the-smoking NEG healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘They say that smoking is unhealthy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fii / tawiil/tawiilih saʔal/saʔlat ʕann-ak imbariħ
Glosses: EXP one.MS/one.FS tall.MS/tall.FS asked.3MS/asked.3FS about-you yesterday
Translation: Lit: ‘Someone tall asked about you yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *en España , uno se dan regalos en Navidad
Glosses: in Spain, one.MS each-other give.3PL presents in Christmas
Translation: Intended: ‘In Spain, people give each other presents at Christmas.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: cuando  esta embarazada , debe comer comida saludable
Glosses: when one.FS be.3SG pregnant should eat food healthy
Translation: Intended: ‘When one (feminine) is pregnant, she must eat healthy food.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *(il)-tuffaħ ɣani bi-l-alyaaf
Glosses: the-apple rich.MS in-the-fibers.FPL
Translation: Apples are rich in fiber.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Naomi-wa [Taro-ga/no kai-ta] hon-o yon-da .
Glosses: Naomi-Top Taro-Nom/Gen write-Pst book-Acc read-Pst
Translation: Naomi read the book that Taro wrote.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taro-ga/*no hon-o kai-ta .
Glosses: Taro-Nom/*Gen book-Acc write-Pst
Translation: Taro wrote a book.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Taro-ga/*no hon-o kai-te , Naomi-ga sendens-ita .
Glosses: Taro-Nom/*Gen book-Acc write-Grd Naomi-Nom advertise-Pst
Translation: Taro wrote a book, and Naomi advertised it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati-ga/*no minna-de ikioiyoku kakenobot-ta kaidan
Glosses: children-Nom/*Gen all-with vigorously run.climb.up-Pst stairway
Translation: the stairway that those children ran up together vigorously’ (Harada 1971; Acceptability judgments are those reported in Harada 1971)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyoo (zyuku-de) kodomotati-{ga | no} narat-ta rekisi-wa Heianzidai-nituite-dat-ta .
Glosses: today (cram.school-at) children-{Nom | Gen} study-Pst history-Top Heian.period-about-Cop-Pst
Translation: The history that the children studied at a cram school today was about the Heian period.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati-{ga | no} kyoo (zyuku-de) narat-ta rekisi-wa Heianzidai-nituite-dat-ta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} today (cram.school-at) study-Pst history-Top Heian.period-about-Cop-Pst
Translation: idem
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [kitto Taro-ga/-no yon-da] hon
Glosses: probably Taro-Nom/Gen read-Pst book
Translation: the book that Taro read for certain
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [saiwaini Taro-ga/*-no yon-da] hon
Glosses: fortunately Taro-Nom/Gen read-Pst book
Translation: the book that Taro fortunately read
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Koozi-no mattaku sir-ana-i] kakudo
Glosses: Koji-Gen at.all know-Neg-Prs angle
Translation: an angle that Koji doesn’t know at all
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ??[kodomotati-no minna-de kake-nobot-ta] kaidan
Glosses: children-Gen all-with run-climb.up-Pst stairwary
Translation: the stairway which those children ran up together
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[In Peters Auto] hat der Chef ihn t nach hause gefahren .
Glosses: [in Peter’s car] has the boss him t at home driven . 
Translation: (Intended) ‘In Peter’s car, the boss drove him home.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [In Peters Büro] hat der Chef t ihm die Akten gezeigt .
Glosses: [in Peter’s office] has the boss t him the files shown
Translation: In Peter’s office, the boss showed him the files.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[In Peters Büro] hat er t dem Chef die Akten gezeigt .
Glosses: [in Peter’s office] has he t the boss the files shown
Translation: (Intended) ‘In Peter’s office, he showed the boss the files.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [In Peters Firma] entscheidet t er allein über die Ausgaben .
Glosses: [In Peter’s business] decides t he alone about the expenses . 
Translation: In Peter’s business, he decides about the expenses alone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[In Peters Büro] ist er t eingeschlafen .
Glosses: [In Peter’s office] has he t fallen.asleep
Translation: (Intended) ‘In Peter’s office, he fell asleep.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: boku-no [totemo omosiro-i] hanasi
Glosses: I-Gen [very interesting-Prs] story
Translation: a very interesting story of mine
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [boku-no totemo hoshi-i] kuruma
Glosses: [I-Gen very want-Prs] car
Translation: the car I really want
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: boku-no kyonen kat-ta ie
Glosses: I-Gen last.year buy-Pst house
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [boku-no ason-dei-ru] basyo
Glosses: [I-Gen play-Prg-Prs] place
Translation: the place where I’m playing around
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: boku-no [ason-dei-ru] inu
Glosses: I-Gen [play-Prg-Prs] inu
Translation: a dog of mine that is playing around
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kyoo / juku-de / kodomotati-{ga | no} / narat-ta / rekisi-wa / Heianzidai-nituite / dat-ta .
Glosses: today / cram.school-at / children-{Nom | Gen} / learn-Pst / history-Top / Heian.period-about / Cop-Pst
Translation: The history that the children learned at a cram school today was about the Heian period.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati-{ga | no} / kyoo / juku-de / narat-ta / rekisi-wa / Heianzidai-nituite / dat-ta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} / today / cram.school-at / learn-Pst / history-Top / Heian.period-about / Cop-Pst
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sibusibu / juku-de / kodomotati-{ga | no} / narat-ta / eikaiwa-wa / ryokoosaki-de / yaku-ni / tat-ta .
Glosses: grudgingly / cram.school-at / children-{Nom | Gen} / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat / rise-Pst
Translation: The conversational English that the children grudgingly learned at a cram school turned out to be useful at the travel destination.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati-{ga | no} / sibusibu / juku-de / narat-ta / eikaiwa-wa / ryokoosaki-de / yaku-ni / tat-ta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} / grudgingly / cram.school-at / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat / rise-Pst
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sensyu / sibusibu / kodomotati-{ga | no} / narat-ta / eikaiwa-wa / ryokoosaki-de / yaku-ni tat-ta .
Glosses: last.week / grudgingly / children-{Nom | Gen} / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat rise-Pst
Translation: The conversational English that the children grudgingly learned last week turned out to be useful at the travel destination.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kodomotati-{ga | no} / sensyu / sibusibu / narat-ta / eikaiwa-wa / ryokoosaki-de / yaku-ni tat-ta .
Glosses: children-{Nom | Gen} / last.week / grudgingly / learn-Pst / conversational.English -Top / travel.destination-at / role-Dat rise-Pst
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: b-eč’et’iro-b riha
Glosses: -black goat(B).ABS1
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ɔmmɔ e-ya-e-dep ebot
Glosses: they 3-FUT1-3-buy goat
Translation: They will buy a goat.’ (Baker & Willie 2010: 101)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dina išg-al-æl-i pur-ær-s
Glosses: girl.ABS milk--PRS cow-PL-DAT
Translation: The girl milks cows.’ (Harris 2017:63)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bà-kùb-ír-ágán-ír-á
Glosses: 3PL-beat--REC--FV
Translation: they beat each other’ (Caballero & Inkelas 2018: 132)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʦard-i medɐgɐ berɐ ʧi-dɐr-tɐ jes
Glosses: life-OBL inside many what-IDF-PL exists
Translation: There are many different things in life.’ (from a recorded narrative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: zɐʁ-ɐ=nin de=mbɐl-ttɐ ka-tɐ (ɐ)nʦɐ woj
Glosses: say-IMP.2SG=DAT.1PL 2SG=friend-PL wh-PL be.PRS.3PL COR.OBL
Translation: Tell us who your friends are.’ Maliti (1995: 216)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ke-t-i
Glosses: who.OBL-PL-OBL
Translation: who.PL.OBL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐ-mɐ-t-i
Glosses: who-ALL-PL-OBL
Translation: who.PL.ALL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐ-bɐl-t-i
Glosses: who-SUP-PL-OBL
Translation: who.PL.SUP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ke-dɐr-t-i
Glosses: who.OBL-IDF-PL-OBL
Translation: someone.PL.OBL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-tɐ-mɐ/-t-i
Glosses: who-ALL-IDF-PL-ALL/-PL-OBL
Translation: someone.PL.ALL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐ-bɐl-dɐr-tɐ-bɐl/-i
Glosses: who-M-SUP-IDF-PL-SUP.OBL
Translation: someone.PL.DAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐm-ɐj-t-i ra-korʣɐnɐ ɐχʦa ?
Glosses: who-ABL-PL-OBL PV-ask.FUT.2SG money
Translation: Who will you borrow money from?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ʦɐ-bɐl-t-i ʁudi kɐni ?
Glosses: what-SUP-PL-OBL thought do.PRS.2SG
Translation: What are you thinking about?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: jes-kɐm-ɐn-t-i ɐnχusʁon=dɐr=ma ɐnʦɐ
Glosses: IDF-who-DAT-PL-OBL helpful=EMP=more be.PRS.3PL
Translation: To some, they are even helpful.’ Sk’odtati (2012: 237)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: samel ʦɐ-bɐl-dɐr-t-i fɐ-ssaʁɐs-tɐ kodta
Glosses: Samel what-SUP-IDF-PL-OBL PV-thought-PL do.PST.3SG
Translation: Samel thought about something.’ Maliti (2006: 77)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-tɐ-mɐ/kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-t-i ɐnʁɐlmɐ kɐsun
Glosses: who-ALL-IDF-PL-ALL /who-ALL-IDF-PL-OBL waiting look.PRS.1SG
Translation: I am waiting for somebody.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur tikis
Glosses: this big cat.NOM
Translation: this big cat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur(*-mɐ) tikis-mɐ
Glosses: this big-(ALL) cat-ALL
Translation: to this big cat
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur tikis-tɐ
Glosses: this big cat-PL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: aʧi ustur(*-mɐ) tikis-tɐ-mɐ
Glosses: this big cat-PL-ALL
Translation: to these big cats
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: samel ɐ=ʣubandi-tɐ-bɐl fɐ-ssaʁɐs-tɐ kodta
Glosses: Samel 3SG=speech-PL-SUP PV-thought-PL did
Translation: Samel thought about her/his words.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: saxl-man iak’ob-is-man
Glosses: house-ERG Jacob-GEN-ERG
Translation: Jacob’s house (erg.)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dative kɐm-ɐn-dɐr-t-ɐn/t-i
Glosses: Allative kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-tɐ-mɐ/t-i
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: vénda-n=lo vs . vénda-n=lo-n or vénda=lo-n
Glosses: sell.SBJV-3PL=it  sell.SBJV-3PL=it-3PL  sell.SBJV=it-3PL
Translation: You (pl) sell it!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: soslan ʧi-dɐr/*jeʃ-ti ba-χʷardta fal nɐ=zonun ʧi
Glosses: Soslan what-IDF/*IDF-what PV-eat.PST.3SG but NEG=I what
Translation: Soslan ate something, but I do not know what.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dɐw-mɐ jeʃ-ti un-i bɐʃti mɐn-mɐ wa
Glosses: you-ALL IDF-what be.INF-OBL instead I-ALL be.SBJV.FUT.3SG
Translation: Instead of anything being yours, let it better be mine.’ (from a recorded narrative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: χʷɐzdɐr ʦard-mɐ ɐnʁɐlmɐ kɐsɐm fal=nɐmɐ jes-kɐd jeʃ-ti ra-wadɐj ?
Glosses: better life-ALL waiting look.PRS.1PL but=1PL.ALL IDF-when IDF-what PV-issue.PST.3SG
Translation: We wait for a better life, but have we ever gotten anything? (from a recorded narrative)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ku-mɐ ku-mɐ-ti kutem-ɐj kutem-ɐj-t-i
Glosses: where.to where.to-PL-OBL where.from where.from-PL-OBL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: soslan-i aʧi ustur bɐχ-t-ɐn
Glosses: Soslan-OBL this big horse-PL-DAT
Translation: for these big horses of Soslan’s
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: du=ʃi i kɐʧi-t-ɐj dɐ ?
Glosses: you=3PL.ABL DEF which-PL-ABL be.PRS.2SG
Translation: From which of them are you?’ (lit. ‘You, of them, from which ones are?’) Ik’ati 2011: 16
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: dɐ=χaχur-t-ɐj fɐsdwar-mɐ i kɐʧi-j fe-nt’uχston ?
Glosses: 2SG=denunciation-PL-ABL outside-ALL DEF which-OBL PV-throw.PST.1SG
Translation: Which of your denunciations did I throw out?’ Ik’ati 2011: 168
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wɐd=wɐbɐl i kɐʧi binʣɐ fɐ-χχʷɐstɐj ?
Glosses: then=2PL.SUP DEF which fly PV-bite.PST.3SG
Translation: What kind of a fly has bitten you?’ Ik’ati 2011: 48
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *ɐd ka-tɐ/ ke-t-i ɐrba-ʦudtɐ ?
Glosses: with who.NOM-PL who.OBL-PL-OBL PV-arrive.PST.2SG
Translation: With whom (=what people) did you arrive?’ (intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ke-t-i χɐʦʦɐ ɐrba-ʦudtɐ ?
Glosses: who.OBL-PL-OBL with PV-arrive.PST.2SG
Translation: With whom (=what people) did you arrive?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fe-ʁuston berɐ ɐnaχur ʧi-dɐr-tɐ
Glosses: PV-hear.PST.1SG many strange what-IDF-PL
Translation: I heard many strange things.’ Sk’odtati 2012: 192
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dative kɐm-ɐn-t-i kɐm-ɐn-dɐr-t-ɐn/-i
Glosses: Allative kɐ-mɐ-t-i kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-tɐ-mɐ/-i
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mɐn-mɐ/*ɐz istorik-mɐ jew farsta jes
Glosses: I.NNOM-ALL/I.NOM historian-ALL one question exists
Translation: I an historian have a question.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: mɐn-mɐ istorik-mɐ=babɐj=dɐmɐ jew farsta jes
Glosses: I.NNOM-ALL historian-ALL=again=2SG.ALL one question exists
Translation: I an historian again have a question to you.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *mɐn-mɐ=babɐj=dɐmɐ istorik-mɐ jew farsta jes
Glosses: I.NNOM-ALL=again=2SG.ALL historian-ALL one question exists
Translation: I an historian again have a question to you.’ (intended)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [ [ ɐz] [ istorik]]
Glosses:  I  historian
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Wie läuft das hier mit dem Du-z-en/*Dir-z-en eigentlich ?
Glosses: how goes it here with DEF.DAT you.NOM-V-NMZ/*you-DAT-V-NMZ properly
Translation: How does it work here with addressing people by ‘Du’?’19
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dative (jes)-kɐm-ɐn-t-i kɐm-ɐn-dɐr-t-i (/-t-ɐn)
Glosses: Allative (jes)-kɐ-mɐ-t-i kɐ-mɐ-dɐr-t-i (/-tɐ-mɐ)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *kɐm-ɐn-t-ɐn vs . badɐn-t-ɐn
Glosses: who-DAT-PL-DAT  stool-PL-DAT
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *kɐm-ɐj-t-ɐj vs . zɐj-t-ɐj
Glosses: who-ABL-PL-ABL  avalanche-PL-ABL
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kim kim-le kim-den kim-le-den
Glosses: who.NOM who-PL who-ABL who-PL-ABL
Language: Georgian
Transcription: ra ra-eb-i ra-m ra-eb-ma
Glosses: what.ABS what-PL-ABS what-ERG what-PL-ERG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fi fi-p:ur fit:-i fi-p:ur-i
Glosses: what.ABS what-PL.ABS what-ERG what-PL-ERG
Language: Finnish
Transcription: kuka ke-t-kä ke-tä ke-i-tä
Glosses: who.NOM who-PL-NOM who-PART who-PL-PART
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: <soslan-i> aʧi <*soslan-i> ustur bɐχ-ɐn
Glosses: Soslan-OBL this Soslan-OBL big horse-DAT
Translation: for this big horse of Soslan’s
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: bɐχ-tɐ=dɐr / *bɐχ=dɐr-tɐ bɐχ-tɐ-bɐl=dɐr /*bɐχ=dɐr-tɐ-bɐl
Glosses: horse-PL=EMP *horse=EMP-PL horse-PL-SUP=EMP *horse=EMP-PL-SUP
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C’est le plus beau blé qu’ il y a pas sur le marché .
Glosses: it.is the most beautiful wheat that there.is negₓ on the market
Translation: It’s the most beautiful wheat that there is on the market.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pour un pompier , c’est le pire incendie que tu peux pas avoir .
Glosses: for a fire.fighter, it’s the worst fire that you can negₓ have
Translation: For a fire fighter, it’s the worst fire that you can have.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C’est le meilleur show que j’ai pas vu . (Kemp ex . 55)
Glosses: it.is the best show that I.have negₓ seen 
Translation: It is the best show that I have (ever) seen.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: J’ai fait tout ce que je pouvais pas faire pour le retrouver . (Kemp ex . 113)
Glosses: I.have done everything that I could negₓ do to him.find 
Translation: I did all I could to find him.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Il a invité tous les musiciens qu’ il y a pas dans la région .
Glosses: he has invited all the musicians that there.is negₓ in the area
Translation: He invited all the musicians there are in the area.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Il se tape tout ce qu’ il peut pas trouver comme livre sur le sujet .
Glosses: he put.up.with everything that he can negₓ find as book on the topic
Translation: He reads every book he can find on the topic.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C’était le premier anglais qu’ il y a pas eu dans le quartier . (Kemp ex . 21)
Glosses: it.was the first Englishman that there.is negₓ had in the neighborhood 
Translation: He was the first Englishman that there was in the neighborhood.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Richard , c’était un des bons joueurs qu’ on a pas eu au Canada . (Kemp ex . 23)
Glosses: Richard, it.was one of.the good players that we had negₓ had in Canada 
Translation: Richard, he was one of the good players that we had in Canada.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: C’est incroyable qu’est-ce qu’ il a pas pu faire pour le retrouver !
Glosses: it’s incredible what he has negₓ could do to him.find
Translation: It’s incredible what he could do to find him!