lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: api tɕʰeme nɯnɯ mbarkhom ɯrkɯ <xiaoshuigou> <sangongli> nɯtɕu tʰɯɣe .
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling girl DEM Mbarkham 3SG.POSS-side ANTHR three.kilometers DEM:LOC AOR:DOWNSTREAM-come[II]
Translation: My elder sister came to Xiaoshuigou, three kilometers from Mbarkham.' (140501 tshering skyid)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯsŋi χpaχtsʰɤt kɯngɯt ɲɯtɯ́wɣtsɯm cʰa
Glosses: one-day yojana nine IPFV:WEST-2-INV-take.away can:FACT
Translation: [This horse] can carry you (west) nine yojanas in one day.' (2003 smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤʑɯ tɯrkoŋɕɤl jamar tɕe kɤɕlu lujɤɣ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: more one-unit.of.field.surface about LNK INF-plow IPFV:UPSTREAM-finish SENS-be
Translation: One more unit and the plowing will be finished.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sqɯχtsiɯ tɕe tɕe nɯ ɕpɣo ɲɯŋu . tɕe tɯɕpɣo ɲɯŋu . ɕpɣo nɯnɯ tɕe tɕe , mɤʑɯ fsɯsqɯχtsiɯ atɤɤpɯpa tɕe tɕe nɯnɯ tɯɣna . tɕe nɯ tɯɣna pjɤŋu tɕe tɕe nɯ ɕaŋtaʁ ɯsɤɕtʂo pjɤme tɕe ,
Glosses: ten-bushel LNK LNK DEM ten.bushels SENS-be SENS-be ten.bushels SENS-be ten.bushels DEM LNK LNK even.more thirty-bushel IRR-PFV-accumulate LNK LNK DEM one-thirty.bushels LNK dem one-thirty.bushels IFR.IPFV-be LNK LNK DEM up.from 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCPblique-measure IFR.IPFV-not.exist LNK
Translation: Ten bushels was a ɕpɣo, after the ɕpɣo, thirty bushels put together was a tɯ-ɣna. After that, there was no container used to measure [grains].' (140515 rJama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯɕɯŋgɯ rɟama ɯtaʁ tɕe , kɯrcɤsraŋ tɕe rɟɤpɕɤt , sqaprɤsraŋ tɕe tɯtɯrpa pjɤŋu .
Glosses: in.former.times weighing.scales 3SG.POSS-on LNK eight-pound LNK half.pound sixteen-ounce LNK one-pound IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: In former times, on the scales, one half pound was eight ounces, and one pound was sixteen ounces.' (140515 rJama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯsŋi χsɤrʑaʁ ʑo pjɤrɤʑi
Glosses: three-day three-night EMPH IFR.IPFV-stay
Translation: He stayed there for three days and three nights.' (2011-13-qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtɯɣɤwxti pjɤsaχaʁ ʑo tɯsŋi tɤtsu tɕe , χsɯsŋi tɤkɯtsu tofse . χsɯsŋi tɤtsu tɕe , tɯsla tɤkɯtsu tofse . tɯsla tɤtsu tɕe , tɯxpa tɤkɯtsu tofse .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-FACIL-be.big IFR.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH one-day AOR-pass LNK three-days AOR-SBJ:PCP-pass IFR-be.like three-day AOR-pass LNK one-month AOR-SBJ:PCP-pass IFR-be.like one-month AOR-pass LNK one-year AOR-SBJ:PCP-pass IFR-be.like
Translation: He grew extremely fast, one day after [he was born] he looked like [an infant] who was three days old, after three days he looked like a [baby] who was one month old, after one month he looked like a [toddler] who was one year old.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰorzi ɯŋgɯ cʰɯkɯrkua , χsɤrʑaʁ tɤtsua tɕe ci atɤkɯrtoʁa ,
Glosses: jar 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-2→1-put.in-1SG three-days AOR-pass-1SG LNK once IRR-PFV-2→1-look-1SG
Translation: Put me in a jar, and three days later have a look at me.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯngɯsqɯxpa ɕɯŋgɯ nɯra tɕʰeme ra wuma ʑo kɯtaʁ pɯdɤn
Glosses: nine.ten-years before DEM:PL girl PL really EMPH SBJ:PCP-weave PST.IPFV-be.many
Translation: Nine or ten years ago, there were many weavers among women.' (thaXtsa2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯβdɤxpa ɯqʰu tɕe kukutɕu tukɤɤwɯwum tonɯpanɯ .
Glosses: four-year 3SG.POSS-after LNK here IPFV-INF-RECIP:gather IFR-AUTO-make-PL
Translation: They agreed to meet again at this place in four years.' (140508 benling gaoqiang de si xiongdi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɣɯjpa tɯxpa ɲɯɤrɕo ɕɯŋgɯ tɕe , <lunwen> kɤrɤt pjɯjɤɣ ɲɯra .
Glosses: this.year one-year IPFV-be.finished before LNK dissertation INF-write IPFV-finish SENS-be.needed
Translation: He has to finish writing his dissertation before the end of this year.' (elicitation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: lu χsɯxpa pɯŋkej pɯra ri ,
Glosses: year three-year PST.IPFV-walk-1SG PST.IPFV-be.needed LNK
Translation: We had to walk for three years.' (2003 sras)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯji ɯŋgɯ kɤrɤxpa ʑo pɯanɯrku kɯnɤ , pjɯtsɣi mɤcʰa .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-inside several-years EMPH PST.IPFV-PASS-AUTO-put.in also IPFV-rot NEG-can:FACT
Translation: Even if it remains in [the ground of] the field for several years, it does not rot.' (08-qaJAGi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤrɤsla ʑo tɯŋga ra manɯ́wɣχtɕi qʰe tɕe zrɯɣ kuβze ɕti .
Glosses: several-months EMPH INDEF.POSS-clothes PL NEG:IRR-PFV-INV-wash LNK LNK louse IPFV-grow be.AFF:FACT
Translation: If one does not wash clothes for several months, lice will grow in it.' (21-mdzadi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ma kɯdɤn japa mɯtɤχtɯta . japandʐi alo , ɬaltɕɤm kɯ zɲɤɕar tɕendɤre
Glosses: DEM apart.from SBJ:PCP-be.many last.year NEG-AOR-buy-TR:PST-1SG two.years.ago upstream ANTHR ERG TRAL-IFR-search LNK
Translation: Last year, it did not buy a lot [of edible fern]. The year before, up there (in Kamnyu), Lhalcam collected some.' (conversation, 14.05.10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯndʐi pɯtɯχɕundʑi ma , aŋga lɤtɯsɯɣɯtndʑi nɯ , axtsa nɯ wuma ɲɯpe tɕe nɯ kunɯŋgea , atsa wuma ɲɯβze
Glosses: last.days AOR-2-be.strong-DU LNK 1SG.POSS-clothes AOR-2-CAUS-bring-DU DEM 1SG.POSS-shoe DEM really SENS-be.good LNK DEM PRS-AUTO-wear[III]-1SG 1SG.POSS-adapted really SENS-make[III]
Translation: Thank you both for the other day, the clothes that you have sent me, the shoes are very nice, I wear them, they are my size.' (conversation, 15.04.18)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: japa dal ri , ftɕar ri ʁmbɣɯzɯn ɣɤʑu ɲɯtinɯ ma
Glosses: last.year early LOC summer LOC solar.eclipse exist:SENS SENS-say-PL SFP
Translation: A few years ago, they said there was a solar eclipse during summer.' (29-RmGWzWn2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯndʐimɯr nɤpi kɯwxti ɯtaʁ koɴqoʁa ri mɯtɤ́wɣtsɯma , jɯfɕɯr tɯrmɯ tɕe nɤpi tɯlɤt nɯ ɯtaʁ koɴqoʁa ri mɯtɤ́wɣtsɯma tɕe , jɯɣmɯr ndɤre nɤʑo tukɯtsɯma ra
Glosses: two.days.ago-evening 2SG.POSS-elder.sibling SBJ:PCP-be.big 3SG.POSS-on IFR-hang-1SG LNK NEG-AOR:UP-INV-take.away-1SG yesterday dusk LNK 2SG.POSS-elder.sibling second.sibling DEM 3SG.POSS-on IFR-hang-1SG LNK NEG-AOR:UP-INV-take.away-1SG LNK this.evening TOP.ADVERS 2SG IPFV:UP-2→1-take.away-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: Two days ago, during the evening, I clung onto your eldest sister but she did not take me away (to heaven), yesterday at dusk I clung onto your second eldest sister but she did not take me away, this evening take me away.' (07-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: fsɤndi tɕe li kɯmaʁ jikɤnɤma ɣɤʑu
Glosses: in.two.days LNK again other 1PL.POSS-OBJ:PCP-work exist:SENS
Translation: After tomorrow we have something else to do.' (conversation, 2012.12)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: japa ri tɕe , <hongyuan> <caizhengju> ri pɯcʰa , <kaoshi> pɯcʰa
Glosses: last.year LOC LNK ANTHR finance.office LOC AOR-can exam AOR-can
Translation: Last year, he passed the exam for the finance office in Hongyuan.' (12-BzaNsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯfsosŋi tɕe tɕe li pjɤnɤtsoʁnɯ tɕe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-tomorrow-day LNK LNK again IFR-dig.up.silverweed-PL LNK
Translation: The next day, they dug up again silverweed roots.' (07-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003426#S46"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ tɯrʑaʁ nɯ apɯnɯfse tɕe , ɯfsosoz tɕe ɯci ʑo ɲɯɬoʁ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: DEM one-night DEM IRR-IPFV-AUTO-be.like LNK 3SG.POSS-tomorrow-morning LNK 3SG.POSS-water EMPH IPFV-come.out SENS-be
Translation: If you leave it one night, the next day in the morning the juice comes out.' (conversation 14.05.10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯji ɯŋgɯ pjɯnɯɕe tɕe , ɯfsaqʰe tɕe li tuɬoʁ ɲɯŋu tɕe .
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV:DOWN-AUTO-go LNK 3SG.POSS-next.year LNK again IPFV:UP-come.out SENS-be LNK
Translation: [Its seed] goes into [the soil of] the field, and it grows again the next year.' (13-NanWkWmtsWG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯrkɯrku ʑo kɤntɕʰaʁ api ɯpʰe kɯnɤpɤri ɲɯɣia , … pɯŋu .
Glosses: every.evening EMPH street 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling 3SG.POSS-DAT SBJ:PCP-have.supper … … PST.IPFV-be
Translation: Every evening, if would go in the town at my elder brother's home to have supper and…' (140501 tshering skyid)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤr tɯtsʰot sqamnɯz ʑo tɕe ajɤtɯznɤtɯɣ tɕe ,
Glosses: night hour twelve EMPH LNK IRR-PFV-2-CAUS-happen.to.be.at LNK
Translation: You will have to make sure to be there at midnight.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ ci taɕɯmŋɤm nɯnɯ tɯtsʰot tɯrdoʁ jamar mɤɕtʂa mɤʑi .
Glosses: LNK DEM one AOR:3→3-caus-hurt DEM hour one-piece about until NEG-subside:FACT
Translation: When [nettles] start causing pain, it won't stop for about one hour.' (11-mtshalu) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003472#S7"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯtsʰot sqamŋuskɤrma , ɣnɤsqiskɤrma jamar tɤtsu tɕe kusmi ɕti .
Glosses: time fifteen-minute twenty-minute about AOR-pass LNK IPFV-be.cooked be.AFF:FACT
Translation: After fifteen or twenty minutes, it is cooked.' (160706 thotsi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤki nɯ tɯtsʰot tʰɤstɯɣ kozɣɯt ?
Glosses: DEM:DISTAL DEM hour how.many IFR-reach
Translation: At your place, what time is it?' (conversation, 14.12.24 – the question refers to the time lag between Paris and Mbarkham)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰamaka tɯtɕɯlɤβ kɤsko ɯraŋ jamar ɲɯra
Glosses: tobacco one-tobacco.unit INF-smoke 3SG.POSS-time about SENS-be.needed
Translation: One needs about the time of a tobacco smoke.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmŋu ɯtaʁ tɯrdoʁ pjɯ́wɣta tɕe kɯtʂɤɣ tuβze ŋu .
Glosses: five 3SG-on one-piece IPFV:DOWN-INV-put LNK six IPFV-do[III] be:FACT
Translation: Five plus one equals six.' (gram140505 math, elicitation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo kɯɕnɯkɯrcat nɯ pɯpɯŋu nɤ , kɯɕnɯz ɯtaʁ kɯrcat pjɯ́wɣta tɕe sqamŋu ɲɯŋu sqamŋu tɕe jutɯnɯɕe ɲɯŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG seven-eight DEM as.for LNK seven 3SG-on eight IPFV:DOWN-INV-put LNK fifteen SENS-be fifteen LNK IPFV-2-VERT-go SENS-be LNK
Translation: As for the expression `seven eight' [that your father in law has told] you, seven plus eight equals fifteen, [it means that] you go back [to your husband's home] in fifteen days.' (2005 tAwa kWcqraR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmŋu ɯŋgɯ tɯrdoʁ cʰɯ́wɣtɕɤt tɕe kɯβde ma ɲɯme ŋu
Glosses: five 3SG-inside one-piece IPFV-INV-take.out LNK four apart.from IPFV-not.exist be:FACT
Translation: If one takes out one from five, only four remain = five minus one equals four' (gram140505 math, elicitation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯngɯt nɯ χsɯm ɣɯ χsɯzloʁ ŋu
Glosses: nine DEM three GEN three-time be:FACT
Translation: Nine is three times three.' (gram140505 math, elicitation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯɟom ɣɯ ɯqiɯ jamar ɲɯrɲɟi
Glosses: one-length.of.two.outstretched.arms GEN 3SG.POSS-half about SENS-be.long
Translation: [Its tail] is about half a fathom (i.e. one arm) long.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ tɯxpa ɣɯ ɯqiɯ nɯ ɲɤɕqʰlɤt .
Glosses: DEM one-year GEN 3SG.POSS-half DEM IFR-disappear
Translation: Half a year passed.' (150907 laoshandaoshi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯsla ɲɤnɤqiɯ
Glosses: one-month IFR-pass.half
Translation: Half a month passed.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki kɯfse tɯɟom cʰo ɯqiɯ jamar kɯzri ra
Glosses: DEM.PROX SBJ:PCP-be.like one-length.of.two.outstretched.arms COMIT 3SG.POSS-half about SBJ:PCP-be.long be.needed:FACT
Translation: They need [a piece of leather] long like one fathom and a half.' (24-mbGo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003621"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯpɤrtʰɤβ tɕe , tɯpɤrme tɯqiɯ jamar , ʁnɯpɤrme jamar ma kɯme ʁɟa .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-between LNK one-year one-half about, two-year about apart.from SBJ:PCP-not.exist completely
Translation: (Some women had thirteen or fifteen children) Between each of them, there was only one year and a half or two years.' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR, 89; see the preceding sentence in example ex:tsuku.tWrme.tWrdoR in §sec:tsuku)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmŋutɯcɯr ɯŋgɯ χsɯtɯcɯr
Glosses: five-part 3SG-inside three-part
Translation: 35 = `Three parts among five parts.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯtɯcɯr túwɣlɤt tɕe tɯtɯcɯr
Glosses: three-part IPFV-INV-release LNK one-part
Translation: 13; literally `Making three parts, one part.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sqi nɯ kɯmŋutɯkro ɲɯ́wɣlɤt tɕe , ʁnɯz nɤ ʁnɯz ɲɯ́wɣsɤβzu kʰɯ
Glosses: ten DEM five-part IPFV-INV-throw LNK two LNK two IPFV-INV-transform be.possible:FACT
Translation: 105=2; literally `Making 5 parts out of 10, one can make them in sets of two.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯra tʰɯstanɯ
Glosses: woman DEM:PL AOR-wake.up-PL
Translation: The women woke up.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ jamar kóʁmɯz nɯ lɯlu nɯ , /kɯ/, cʰɤsta .
Glosses: DEM about only.then DEM cat DEM ERG IFR-wake.up
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo nɯ mɯpɯmtota ri nɯ ɯsŋi wuma ʑo pɯɣɤndʐo
Glosses: 1SG DEM NEG-AOR-see-TR:PST-1SG LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-day really EMPH PST.IPFV-be.cold
Translation: I did not see it (the eclipse), but on that day is was very cold.' (29-RmGWzWn2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsuku tɯrme ra kúwɣmtsɯɣnɯ tɕe mɯ́jʁdɯɣ ,
Glosses: some people PL IPFV-INV-bite-PL LNK NEG.SENS-be.serious
Translation: Some people, when they are stung [by bees] are fine.' (26-ndzWrnaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [iɕqʰa pʰantsɯt nɯ] taʑmbri ɲɯŋu
Glosses: the.aforementioned plate DEM AOR:3→3-make.noise SENS-be
Translation: He made noise with the (magical wish-granting) plate (by hitting on it). (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯmu cʰo ndʑikɤndza kɤtsʰi kɯdɯ~dɤn ʑo nɯ] taʑmbri nɤ ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother COMIT 3DU.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat OBJ:PCP-drink SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.many EMPH DEM AOR:3→3-make.noise ADD
Translation: He [made appear] a lot of food and drink for him and his mother by making noise (with the wish-granting plate).' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmɯ ɲɯɤsɯlɤt
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sky SENS-PROG-release
Translation: It is raining.' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕlaʁ ʑo cʰɯmda ɕɯŋgɯ tɕe tɕe qale taβzu tɕe tɕe cʰɯtʂaβ ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: IDPH(I):suddenly EMPH IPFV-be.the.time before LNK LNK wind AOR:3→3-make LNK LNK IPFV-cause.to.fall be:FACT LNK
Translation: When there is wind suddenly before [the barley] is fully ripe, it presses them [on the ground, and it cannot grow any more].' (25-cWXCWz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕirɴɢo nɯnɯ , paʁ ra mɤrganɯ ri , nɯŋa wuma ʑo rga .
Glosses: Anisodus.tanguticus DEM pig PL NEG-like:FACT-PL LNK cow really EMPH like:FACT
Translation: The Anisodus tanguticus, pigs don't like it, but cows do.' (16-CWrNgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo ʁo nɯ mɤrgaa
Glosses: 1SG TOP.ADVERS DEM NEG-like-1SG
Translation: But as for me, I don't like it.
Language: Japhug
Transcription: naŋrzoŋ ɯɲɯtɯtso ?
Glosses: interior.decoration QU-SENS-2-understand
Translation: Do you understand [the word] `interior decoration'?' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S82"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmu ɯɕki tɤtʂu nɯ ɲɤkʰo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-DAT lamp DEM IFR-give
Translation: He gave the lamp to his mother.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ame tambi ra
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-daughter 1→2-give:FACT be.needed:FACT
Translation: I will give you my daughter.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S281"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤtambi ma ʁnɯz nɯtambi ri , nɤʑo cʰɤtɯɕɣɤz ɕti tɕe
Glosses: NEG-1→2-give:FACT LNK two AOR-1→2-give LNK 2SG IFR-2-give.back be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: I won't give her [my youngest daughter] to you, as I gave you two [of my daughters], and you sent them back.' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jime nɯ nɤrʑaβ ɲɯkʰotɕi je , ɲɯtambi je toti
Glosses: 1PL.POSS-daughter DEM 2SG.POSS-wife IPFV-give-1DU SFP IPFV-1→2-give SFP IFR-say
Translation: He said: `We will give you our daughter in marriage.” (150831 laoshu jianv-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤkɯmtɕʰɯ ɲɯtambi
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-toy IPFV-1→2-give
Translation: I give it to you as a toy.' (28-kWpAz) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003714#S166"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki stu kɯxtɕi ki tɯrme ɲɯpe tɕe
Glosses: DEM.PROX most SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM.PROX person SENS-be.good LNK
Translation: The smallest one is very nice as a person.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo tɯrme wuma ɲɯtɯpe
Glosses: 2SG person really SENS-2-be.good
Translation: You are very nice as a person.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsʰɤt nɯ ɣɯ ɯɣli nɯnɯ tɤrɤku ɯtaʁ tɯɣli wuma ʑo pe .
Glosses: goat DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-manure DEM INDEF.POSS-crops 3SG.POSS-on INDEF.POSS-manure really EMPH be.good:FACT
Translation: Goat manure is very good as a fertilizer for the crops.' (05-qaZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003404#S27"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mbro tɯskɤt kɯtso ci , ambro tɤrkunɯ ra
Glosses: horse c.POSS-speech SBJ:PCP-understand INDEF 1SG.POSS-horse IMP-put.in-PL be.needed:FACT
Translation: Give me a horse who understands human speech as my horse.' (2003 kandzWsqhaj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ ɯpʰɯ rŋɯl mɤra ,
Glosses: 1SG:GEN 3SG.POSS-price silver NEG-be.needed:FACT
Translation: I don't want money as the price [for these clothes].' (140506 shizi he huichang de bailingniao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003927#S235"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tsuku kɯ paʁndza ɲɯnɯpʰɯtnɯ ɲɯŋu ri ,
Glosses: some ERG hogwash IPFV-AUTO-pluck-PL SENS-be LNK
Translation: Some people cut [Sambucus] as hogwash.' (12-ndZiNgri)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zɣɤmbu ɯspa ɲɯnɯpʰɯtnɯ ŋgrɤl
Glosses: broom 3SG.POSS-material IPFV-AUTO-cut-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: They cut it to make brooms. (`as a material for brooms')' (140505 sWjno)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo atɕɯ tutanɯsɤrtsi ŋu
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-son IPFV-1→2-AUTO-consider.as be:FACT
Translation: I consider you as my son.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wortɕʰi ʑo aʑo nɤslama kukɯwuma
Glosses: please EMPH 1SG 2SG.POSS-student IPFV-2→1-gather-1SG
Translation: Please take me as your student.' (150907 laoshandaoshi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: api kɯ nɯra pɯfse tɕe , pɣɤtɕɯ ri pɯ́wɣsɯsata , tɤmdzu ri tʰɯ́wɣsɯsata
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling ERG DEM:PL PST.IPFV-be.like LNK bird also AOR-INV-CAUS-kill-1SG INDEF.POSS-thorn also AOR-INV-CAUS-kill-1SG
Translation: Your elder sister was like that, she had me killed [while I was a] bird, and had also me killed [while I was a] thorn.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɯqʰu tɕe pɣɤtɕɯ tɤscia , nɯ ɯqʰu tɕe tɤmdzu tɤscia qʰe
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK bird AOR-be.born-1SG DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK INDEF.POSS-thorn AOR-be.born-1SG LNK
Translation: After that I was reborn as a bird, and after that I was reborn as a thorn.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯmɤrʑaβ qʰe tɕe tɯrmekʰa jɤari ɕti qʰe
Glosses: LNK AOR-marry LNK LNK people-house AOR-go[II] be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: She married and went to [live in] other people's (her in laws') house.' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S9"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe pjɯsɤsɯxɕata pɯŋu tɕe , rqaco pɯrɤʑia , tsʰuβdɯn pɯrɤʑia .
Glosses: LNK IPFV-ANTIPASS-teach-ɕ PST.IPFV-be LNK TOPO PST.IPFV-stay-1SG TOPO PST.IPFV-stay-1SG
Translation: When I was teaching, I lived in Rqakyo and in Tshobdun.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S2"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme ra kɯ nɯmtʰɤɣ ɲɯrtɤβnɯ .
Glosses: people PL ERG 3PL.POSS-waist IPFV-attach-PL
Translation: People attach [badger skin] around their waist (as a remedy for rheumatism).' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯrtsi nɯ pjɯ́wɣβzu tɕe , nɯŋa ra , kɯ nɤmɯmnɯ cʰo wuma ʑo ɣɯɕɯfkanɯ
Glosses: LNK cow.food DEM IPFV-INV-make LNK cow PL ERG TROP-be.tasty:FACT-PL COMIT really EMPH INV-CAUS-be.satiated:FACT-PL
Translation: They make cow food with flour, the cows find it tasty, and it satisfies their hunger.' (140513 tWrtsi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre iɕqʰa <xifangping> nɯ , nɤkinɯ , kɯ `ɯwa ɣɯ nɯnɯ tʰɯci ɯtɯtʂaŋ ci apɯtu ra' ntsɯ ɲɯsɯsɤm pjɤŋu .
Glosses: LNK the.aforementioned ANTHR DEM FILLER ERG 3SG.POSS-father GEN DEM something 3SG.POSS-justice INDEF IRR-IPFV-exist be.needed:FACT always SENS-think[III] IFR-be
Translation: Xi Fangping wanted to obtain justice for his father.' (150909 xifangping-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <bageda> kɤti nɯnɯtɕu , zɯ , nɤkinɯ ,
Glosses: TOPO OBJ:PCP-say DEM:LOC LOC FILLER
Translation: In the [place] called Baghdâd…' (140515 facaimeng-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004000#S2"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri ɯtɕɯ nɯ kɯ nɯ pjɤsɯχsɤl
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-son DEM ERG DEM IFR-recognized
Translation: But the son realized it (that she was a râkshasî).' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo tɯsqar kɯ nɤki nɯ tʰɯtɯ́wɣstu ɕti tɕe ,
Glosses: 2SG tsampa ERG DEM.MEDIAL DEM AOR-2-INV-do.like be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: Tsampa made you the [way you are now].' = `You grew that big by eating tsampa.' (2011-07-tWsqar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: maʁ nɤ , aʑo tɤmɲota , kɯki kɯ tɕi mɤβze rca !
Glosses: not.be:FACT SFP 1SG AOR-prepare-PST:TR-1SG DEM.PROX ERG also NEG-make[III]:FACT SFP
Translation: No, it is I who prepared [our lunch], she does not do it.' (Answer to the question 'Did she prepare your lunch?) (conversation 140510)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ kɯfse tɕe tɤscoz ɯʑo kɯ ɲɯsɯɣɯt , aʑo kɯ kusɯtsɯma tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like LNK letter 3SG ERG IPFV:WEST-CAUS-bring 1SG ERG IPFV:EAST-CAUS-take.away-1SG LNK
Translation: And like that, she sent me letters, and I sent her letters.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S24"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tɤɕime nɯ kɯ , nɤkinɯ , nɯ ma ɯkɤpa pjɤme qʰe `jɤɣ jɤɣ jɤɣ' toti ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: LNK young.lady DEM ERG FILLER DEM apart.from 3SG.POSS-method IPFV.IFR-not.exist LNK be.possible:FACT be.possible:FACT be.possible:FACT IFR-say SENS-be
Translation: The young lady had no other way but to say “yes, yes, yes".' (140428 mu e guniang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003880#S86"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa rgɤtpu nɯ kɯ , joɣi tɕe , nɤki , ɬɤndʐi nɯnɯ jotsʰi
Glosses: the.aforementioned old.man DEM ERG IFR-come LNK FILLER demon DEM IFR-block
Translation: The old man came and stopped the demon.' (140512 fushang he yaomo1-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003969#S59"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpɯ nɯ ɯlu kɯ cʰɯsɯχse ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young DEM 3SG.POSS-milk ERG IPFV-CAUS-feed[III] SENS-be
Translation: [The whale] feeds its young with milk.' (160703 jingyu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤlpu kɯ nɯnɯ kɯ ɯβri apɯsɯχtɕi ndɤre , mɤʑɯ nɤsɤscit tʰaŋ nɤ !
Glosses: king ERG DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-body IRR-PFV-CAUS-wash LNK even.more TROP-PROP-be.happy:FACT HYPOTH SFP
Translation: If the king washes his body with this, he will find it even nicer.' (140514 xizajiang he lifashi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰaz ɯndʐi kɯ cʰɯβzunɯ tɕe , nɯ stu kɯʑru .
Glosses: deer 3SG.POSS-hide ERG IPFV-do-PL LNK DEM most SBJ:PCP-precious
Translation: They make [shoes] with deer hide, it is the most precious [type of skin].' (30-mboR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰaz ɯndʐi ʁɟa kɯ ʑo tʰɯkɤsɯβzu
Glosses: deer 3SG.POSS-hide entirely ERG EMPH AOR-OBJ:PCP-CAUS-do
Translation: [It is] entirely made of deer hide.' (30-mboR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤtɕɯ nɯ kɯ sɲikuku ʑo si ʑlupʰɯt tɕe , nɯ ɲɯntsɣendʑi tɕe , nɯ kɯ ndʑixtu cʰɯsɯχsundʑi pɯŋu ɲɯŋu ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-son DEM ERG every.day EMPH tree TRAL-IPFV-fell LNK DEM IPFV-sell-DU LNK DEM ERG 3DU.POSS-belly IPFV-CAUS-feed-DU PST.IPFV-be SENS-be
Translation: The son went every day to fell trees, they sold [the wood], and they fed their bellies this way.' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kumpɣa cʰo kʰɯna ni li tɤmqe tɤndɯt kɯ joɣindʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: chicken COMIT dog du again INDEF.POSS-verbal.fight INDEF.POSS-dispute ERG IFR-come-DU LNK
Translation: The chicken and the dog came fighting and arguing [with each other].' (150826 shier shengxiao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤŋɤm kɯ pjɯsi ɲɯra .
Glosses: pain ERG IPFV-die SENS-be.needed
Translation: [The animal that is devoured alive by the lions] dies in pain.' (20-sWNgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003562#S45"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰa ɯʁrɯm nɯ kɯ tɕe tɕe ɲɯɣɤɕu
Glosses: house 3SG.POSS-shade DEM ERG LNK LNK SENS-be.cool
Translation: Due to the shade of the buildings, [this road] is not exposed to the heat of the sun.' (conversation 2014-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qambalɯla nɯ , nɯ ɯndʐa kɯ tʰa ɯβrɤsi ma
Glosses: butterfly DEM DEM 3SG.POSS-cause ERG later RH.Q-die:FACT SFP
Translation: The butterfly might die because of that.' (150818 muzhi guniang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: li mdaʁʑɯɣ ci tolɤt tɕe , tɕendɤre , nɤki , qapri kɯɲaʁ nɯ kɯ kɯwɣrum nɯnɯ losɯqioʁ tɕe tɕe ɲɤsɯɤkɤlɤt .
Glosses: again bow one IFR-release LNK LNK filler snake SBJ:PCP-be.black DEM ERG SBJ:PCP-be.white DEM IFR-CAUS-vomit LNK LNK IFR-CAUS-detach
Translation: He shot an arrow and caused the black snake to vomit the white one, and separated it [from the other one].' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S100"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tolɤt tɕe tɕendɤre nɯnɯ qapri kɯɲaʁ nɯ , kɯwɣrum nɯ kɯ losɯqioʁ tɕe ɲɤsɯta .
Glosses: IFR-release LNK LNK DEM snake SBJ:PCP-be.black DEM SBJ:PCP-be.white DEM ERG IFR-CAUS-vomit LNK IFR-CAUS-put
Translation: He shot [an arrow] and caused the white one to vomit the black snake and to release it.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rɟɤlpu kɯ ɯtɕɯ stu kɯxtɕi nɯ ɕkozrɯru .
Glosses: king ERG 3SG.POSS-son most SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM TRAL-IFR-CAUS-guard
Translation: The king sent his youngest son to guard [the trees].' (140507 jinniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ atɕɯ pɯ́wɣsɯmtoa
Glosses: 3SG ERG 1SG.POSS-son AOR-INV-CAUS-see-1SG
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ atɕɯ kɯ pɯ́wɣsɯmtoa
Glosses: 3SG ERG 1SG.POSS-son ERG AOR-INV-CAUS-see-1SG
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ndʑitsʰɯɣa nɯra wuma naχtɕɯɣ . tɕeri tɯrgilaŋlaŋ nɯ kɯ xtɕi .
Glosses: 2DU.POSS-form DEM:PL really be.similar:FACT but fir.cone DEM ERG be.small:FACT
Translation: Their shape is similar, but the fir cone is smaller.' (08-tWrgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003464#S74"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯtɯrpa kɯ sqi jamar ɲɯra .
Glosses: one-pound ERG ten about SENS-be.needed
Translation: You need ten [renminbis] per pound [of Angelica].' (17 ndZWnW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯtɯrpa kɯ ɣurʑa jamar ɲɯ́wɣsɤndu ɲɯkʰɯ
Glosses: one-pound ERG hundred about IPFV-INV-exchange SENS-be.possible
Translation: One can exchange (sell) one pound for a hundred [renminbis].' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʂapa tʰamtɕɤt , nɯmbro nɯjla , nɯŋa paʁ nɯra ɲɤmtsʰɤt .
Glosses: pen all 3PL.POSS-horse 3PL.POSS-hybrid.yak cow pig DEM:PL IFR-be.full
Translation: All the pens had become full of horses, hybrid yak, cows and pigs.' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpa nɯtɕu rca , kɯnɤmɲo kɯ pjɤmtsʰɤt ʑo
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-down DEM:LOC UNEXP:DEG SBJ:PCP-watch ERG IPFV.IFR-be.full EMPH
Translation: Down [the stage], [the seats] were full of spectators.' (150822 yan muouxi de ren-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯqioʁ kɯ tówɣsɯkʰɤt ʑo tɕe , tɕe nóʁmɯz nɤ tɯɣ nɯnɯ lówɣsɯtɕɤt
Glosses: NMLZ:ACTION-vomit ERG IFR-INV-CAUS-do.a.long.time EMPH LNK LNK only.then LNK poison DEM IFR-INV-CAUS-take.out
Translation: [The medicine] caused [Gesar] to vomit a long time until he expelled the poison.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tama kɯ takʰɤt ʑo
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-work ERG AOR:3→3-do.a.long.time EMPH
Translation: He did a lot of work.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤcɤl kɯ tɤkʰata ʑo
Glosses: conversation ERG AOR-do.a.long.time-1SG EMPH
Translation: I have a long conversation.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ri ɣʑɤndza ɣɯ ɯjwaʁ nɯra mɤwxti ri , ɲaʁ ʑo qʰe ,
Glosses: LNK Agastache.rugosa GEN 3SG.POSS-leaf DEM:PL NEG-be.big:FACT LNK be.black:FACT EMPH LNK
Translation: The leaves of the Agastache rugosa are not large and quite dark in colour.' (11-qarGW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑo ɣɯ <guoyu> ɲɯŋu tɕe , nɯnɯ kɤsɯfse ɣɯ jirju ɲɯŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: 1PL GEN national.language SENS-be LNK DEM all GEN 1PL.POSS-speech SENS-be LNK
Translation: [Chinese] is our national language, it is our common language.' (150901 tshuBdWnskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci kɯwxti ɣɯ kɯnɤ ɯrkɯ ri nɯra tu ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water SBJ:PCP-be.big GEN also 3SG.POSS-side LOC DEM:PL exist:FACT be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: [Dragonflies] are also found near large rivers.' (26-quspunmbro)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: paχɕi ɯjwaʁ tsa fse ri , nɯ sɤznɤ artɯm ,
Glosses: apple 3SG.POSS-leaf a.little be.like:FACT LNK DEM COMP be.round:FACT
Translation: [Its leaves] are a little like the leaves of an apple tree, but more round.' (09-mi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯrɣi nɯnɯ , nɤki , <beigua> ɣɯ sɤz ɲɯjaʁjɯ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-seed DEM FILLER pumpkin GEN COMP SENS-be.thick.and.strong
Translation: Its seeds are thicker than those of the pumpkin.' (16-CWrNgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003518#S126"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsʰaz pʰu nɯ ɣɯ ɯʁrɯ ɣɤʑu
Glosses: deer male DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-horn exist:SENS
Translation: The male deer has horns.' (27-qartshAz)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ aβlu tu
Glosses: 1SG:GEN 1SG.POSS-trick exist:FACT
Translation: I have an idea.' (140507 tangguowu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003933#S28"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ maka kɤntɕʰoz mɤkɯɤrɕo kɯfse ʑo tɯrɟɯ laχtɕʰa ɯʑo ɣɯ tuɣɤtea jɤɣ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS ERG at.all INF-use NEG-INF:STAT-be.finished INF:STAT-be.like EMPH wealth thing 3SG.POSS GEN IPFV-CAUS-exist[III]-1SG be.possible:FACT
Translation: [If someone saves me], I will make him have more wealth and riches than he can ever use.' (140512 yufu yu mogui-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qamtɕɯr nɯ ɯmtɕʰi nɯnɯ βʑɯ sɤznɤ mɤʑɯ ʑo amtɕoʁ tɕe nɯ βʑɯ ɣɯ ɯqiɯ kɯnɤ me
Glosses: shrew DEM 3SG.POSS-mouth DEM mouse COMP yet EMPH be.pointy LNK DEM mouse GEN 3SG.POSS-half even not.exist:FACT
Translation: The shrew's mouth is even sharper than that of the mouse, and [its size] is not even half that of the mouse.' (27-spjaNkW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯ ʑo stu kɯmɤku pɯtɯmtot nɯnɯ , laχtɕʰa pɯnnɯŋu , tɯrme pɯnnɯŋu nɯ , aʑɯɣ nɯkʰɤm tɕe tɕendɤre , aʑo ɲɯtalɤt jɤɣ
Glosses: who EMPH most SBJ:PCP-be.first AOR-2-see-PST:TR DEM thing PST.IPFV-AUTO-be person PST.IPFV-AUTO-be DEM 1SG:GEN IMP-give[III] LNK LNK 1SG IPFV-1→2-release be.possible:FACT
Translation: Give me the first thing that you see [when you arrive home], be it a person or an object, and I will release you.' (140506 shizi he huichang de bailingniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɤtsɯm tɕe iɕqʰa nɯ kɯβʁa nɯ ɣɯ anɯtɯkʰɤm
Glosses: IMP-take.away LNK the.aforementioned DEM noble DEM GEN IRR-PFV-2-give[III]
Translation: Take it and give it to the nobleman.' (150831 renshen wawa-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006418#S43"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ ɯɕɤrɯ ra
Glosses: 1SG:GEN 3SG.POSS-bone be.needed:FACT
Translation: I want its bones.' (07-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003426#S9"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ wuma ʑo ʁzi ɲɯŋu , akɤntɕʰoz sna ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 1SG:GEN really EMPH be.necessary:FACT SENS-be 1SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-use be.good:FACT SENS-be
Translation: It will be useful for me, it will have good use of it.' (150902 hailibu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006316#S44"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo arŋɯl aχsɤr ra mɤra
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-silver 1SG.POSS-gold PL NEG-be.needed:FACT
Translation: I don't need silver or gold.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [βdaʁmu kɤndo] nɤʑɯɣ apɯŋgrɯ qʰe , tɕendɤre tutɯŋke maka mɤra
Glosses: queen INF-take 2SG:GEN IRR-PFV-succeed LNK LNK IPFV-2-walk at.all NEG-need:FACT
Translation: If you succeed in becoming the queen, you will not need to walk anymore.' (140504 huiguniang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003909#S188"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑɯɣ tɕʰi tunɤmea ra , tɤti
Glosses: 2SG:GEN what IPFV-do[III]-1SG be.needed:FACT IMP-say
Translation: Tell me what I shall do for you.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯfso tʰɯwxti tɕe aʑɯɣ mɤpe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-tomorrow AOR-be.big LNK 1SG:GEN NEG-be.good:FACT
Translation: In the future, when he will have grown up, he will cause me trouble.' (`he will not be good to me', 2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iʑora ɣɯ [tɕʰi tufsej tɕe jitɯci ɣɤʑu] tutɯtʰe ɯtɯ́cʰa ?
Glosses: 1PL GEN what IPFV-be.like-1PL LNK 1PL.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water exist:SENS IPFV-2-ask[III] QU-2-can:FACT
Translation: Can you ask on our behalf how we should do to have water?' (2005 divination)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tʰoʁtɤm kawum tɕe , ɯʑɤɣ pjɤmaʁ kɯ , tɕoχtsi rɟɤlpu ɣɯ kuwum ,
Glosses: taxes AOR:3→3-collect LNK 3SG:GEN IFR.IPFV-not.be ERG ANTHR king GEN IPFV-collect
Translation: The taxes that he had collected were not for himself, he was collecting them for the king of Cogtse.' (150901 NAjstsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr kʰɯtsa ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu atɯci ci tɤrke ma wuma ɲɯɕpaʁa
Glosses: gold bowl 3SG.POSS-inside DEM:LOC 1SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water a.little IMP-put.in[III] LNK really SENS-be.thirsty-1SG
Translation: Please pour some water in the golden bowl for me, I am thirsty.' (140428 mu e guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri fsapaʁ ɣɯ kɯnɤ ɯkɤrnoʁ ɲɯmtɕɯr ɲɯŋu
Glosses: LNK animal GEN also 3SG.POSS-head SENS-turn SENS-be
Translation: But animals too can feel dizzy.' (29-tAmtshAzkAkWndo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɤr ɣɯ , nɤkinɯ , kʰɯtsa ci tonɯndo .
Glosses: gold GEN FILLER bowl INDEF IFR-AUTO-take
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre ɯjaʁ nɯtɕu [ftsoʁ kɯngɯt ɯpʰɯ] ɣɯ srɯnloʁ pjɤkɤrkuci
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS DEM:LOC female.hybrid.yak nine 3SG.POSS-price GEN ring IFR.IPFV-PEG-pass-put.in-PEG
Translation: She had a ring worth nine female hybrid yak in her hand.' (2003gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ tɯxpalɤskɤr ɣɯ nɯmgozmɤrɤβ nɯ nɯ ma pjɤme .
Glosses: LNK DEM whole.year GEN 3PL.POSS-vegetable DEM DEM apart.from IFR.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: It was the only vegetable that they had the whole year.' (140522 kAmYW tWji)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯxpa ɣɯ tɯɣli nɯ cʰɯ́wɣtɕɤt túwɣrmbɯ
Glosses: one-year GEN INDEF.POSS-manure DEM IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-INV-take.out IPFV-INV-heap
Translation: People take out (from the stable) the whole year's manure and heap it up.' (2010-tArAku)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <longtoutan> nɯ kupaskɤt ɕti . tɕe iʑora ɣɯ tɕʰi tukɯti ŋu mɤxsi .
Glosses: TOPO DEM Chinese-language be.AFF:FACT LNK 1PL GEN what IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT NEG-GENR:know
Translation: Longtoutan is a Chinese word; I don't know how it is said in our [language].' (150820 qaprANar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑɯɣ taɕɯmŋɤm , aʑɯɣ alaχtɕʰa ra janɯtsɯmnɯ
Glosses: 1SG:GEN AOR:3→3-CAUS-be.painful 1SG:GEN 1SG.POSS-thing PL AOR:3→3-VERT-take.away-PL
Translation: He hurt me and took away my things.' (140426 luozi he qiangdao) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003814#S31"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɯɣɤndʐo ri kɯme], [kɯsɤmtsɯr ri kɯme], [kɤnɯsɯmɯzdɯɣ ri mɤkɯra] ɣɯ sɤtɕʰa nɯtɕu joɕendʑi ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.cold also SBJ:PCP-not.exist SBJ:PCP-PROP-be.hungry also SBJ:PCP-not.exist INF-worry also NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.needed GEN place DEM:LOC IFR-go-DU SENS-be
Translation: The two of them went to a place where they was cold cold and hunger, and where one did not need to worry.' (140519 mai huochai de xiao nvhai-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [tɯxpa tukɯɬoʁ] ɣɯ sɯjno nɯ ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK one-year IPFV-SBJ:PCP-come.out GEN TOPO DEM be:FACT LNK
Translation: It is an annual plant.' (18-NGolo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯɕɣa atɤmŋɤm tɕe tɕe tɤrca tɯɣmba , tɯku nɯra tumŋɤm ɲɯŋu tɕe , nɯnɯ “[tɯɕɣa kɯmŋɤm] ɣɯ ɯrɟɤŋgo ɣɤʑu" tukɯti ŋu .
Glosses: GENR.POSS-tooth IRR-PFV-be.painful LNK LNK INDEF.POSS-following GENR.POSS-cheek GENR.POSS-head DEM:PL IPFV-be.painful SENS-be LNK DEM INDEF.POSS-tooth SBJ:PCP-be.painful GEN 3SG.POSS-radiating.pain exist:SENS IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: When one has a toothache, and that one feels pain in one's cheek or a headache, one says `the toothache has a radiating pain.” (140516 WrJANgo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [<donggua> cʰo <qiezi> ni tɕʰi ʑo mɯ́jnaχtɕɯɣ] ɣɯ ɯtɕʰa ajɤtɯɣɯt ra
Glosses: gourd COMIT eggplant DU what EMPH NEG:SENS-be.the.same GEN 3SG.POSS-information IRR-PFV-2-bring be.needed:FACT
Translation: [Go there and come back to] tell me in what way gourd and eggplant differ from each other.' (2010-02-yitian bi yitian-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe paʁ ɣɯ [stu ɯkɤnɯmga], iʑora jikɤnɯmga nɯ ɯɕa ŋu tɕe
Glosses: LNK pig GEN most 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-want.from 1PL 1PL.POSS-OBJ:PCP-want.from DEM 3SG.POSS-meat be:FACT LNK
Translation: What is most wanted from pigs, what we want from them is their meat.' (05-paR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: slama ra ɣɯ [tʰɯtʰɤci kɯfse], nɯ kɤrɤβzjoz ra ɲɯstu mɯ́jstu nɯ , nɯstu ɲɯnɤmanɯ mɯ́jnɤmanɯ , nɯnɯra nɯpʰama ra nɯɕki kɯrɤfɕɤt ɲɯra .
Glosses: student PL GEN something SBJ:PCP-be.like DEM INF-ANTIPASS-learn PL SENS-be.assiduous SENS-be.assiduous DEM 3PL.POSS-truth SENS-work-PL NEG:SENS-work-PL DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-parent PL 3PL.POSS-DAT GENR:S/O-ANTIPASS-tell:FACT SENS-be.needed
Translation: One has to tell the parents all kinds of things concerning the students, whether they try hard or not, whether they work seriously or not.' (150901 tshuBdWnskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rgɤtpu nɯ ɣɯ ɯkɯrtoʁ joɣi .
Glosses: old.man DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-see IFR-come
Translation: He came to see the old man.' (150908 menglang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: japa tɕe alo <ercha> nɯtɕu , nɤkinɯ , iɕqʰa tsʰapa co nɯtɕu tɯɲɤt cʰɤɣi .
Glosses: last.year LNK upstream TOPO DEM:LOC FILLER FILLER TOPO valley DEM:LOC rock.slide IFR:DOWNSTREAM-come
Translation: Last year, at Ercha, at the valley of Tshapa, there was a rock slide.' (160715 nWNa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jonɯɕe tɕe , tʂu tɕu ɲɤmtsɯr ,
Glosses: IFR-AUTO-go LNK road LOC IFR-be.hungry
Translation: He went away, and on the road he felt hungry.' (2002 qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤxtɤndo tɕu kozo
Glosses: side.of.the.top.terrace LOC IFR-land
Translation: [The raven] landed on the side of the top terrace.' (2002 qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯβʁa ra ɣɯ nɯkʰa ɯkɯm nɯtɕu cʰɤnɯɬoʁ tɕe ,
Glosses: DEM nobleman PL GEN 3PL.POSS-house 3SG.POSS-door DEM:LOC IFR:DOWNSTREAM-AUTO-come.out LNK
Translation: He went out from the door of the nobleman's house.' (140513 mutong de disheng-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmɯkɤrŋi ɯme kɯɕnɯz nɯ nɯjaʁ zɯ , nɤkinɯ , <shanzi> kɯmpɕɯ~mpɕɤr ʑo , qale ɯsɤlɤt nɯ pjɤkɤsɯndonɯci tɕe , tɯmɯnɤmkʰa zɯ pjɤnɯɬoʁnɯ .
Glosses: heaven 3SG.POSS-daughter seven DEM 3PL.POSS-hand LOC FILLER fan SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.beautiful EMPH wind 3SG.POSS-OBL:PCP-release DEM IFR.IPFV-PEG-PROG-hold-PL-PEG LNK sky LOC IFR:DOWN-AUTO-come.out-PL
Translation: The seven daughters of heaven, holding beautiful fans in their hands, came down from the sky.' (150828 niulang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ambro ɯjme zɯ kɤzo ,
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-horse 3SG.POSS-tail LOC IMP-land
Translation: Land on my horse's tail.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤxtu ri pɯrɤʑia tɕe tɤmtʰɯm tundzea pɯŋu ri ,
Glosses: terrace LOC PST.IPFV-stay-1SG LNK INDEF.POSS-meat IPFV-eat[III]-1SG PST.IPFV-be LNK
Translation: I was on the terrace eating meat.' (150909 qandZGi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006358#S4"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ nɯkʰa ri ɯʑo kɤari ɯqʰu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK DEM 3PL.POSS-house LOC 3SG AOR:EAST-go[II] 3SG.POSS-after LNK
Translation: After he went to [his wife's family's] house…' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S165"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre tsʰuβdɯn kɯsɤsɯxɕɤt lɤaria . tɕe nɯre ri li akumpɣa pɯtu tɕe
Glosses: LNK TOPO NMLZ-ANTIPASS-teach AOR:UPSTREAM-go[II]-1SG LNK DEM:LOC LOC again 1SG.POSS-hen PST.IPFV-exist LNK
Translation: I went to Tshobdun to teach. There, I had a hen again.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S69"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo tɕekɯ nɯtɕu zɯ pjɤrɤʑi qʰe
Glosses: 3SG EAST DEM:LOC LOC IFR.IPFV-stay LNK
Translation: (When) he was on the east side, …' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯxsoz ri tɕe joɣi ri , ɯβri tɤʑri ɣɤʑu , ɲɯɤci .
Glosses: one-morning LOC LNK IFR-come LNK 3SG.POSS-body dew exist:SENS SENS-be.wet
Translation: One morning, [our hen] came [back from the forest, where it was laying eggs] and its body was wet from the dew.' (150819 kumpGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006388#S19"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯxpa nɯtɕu … tɯtɯpʰu , ɣʑo nɯra kɯ , ɣʑɤzga nɯnɯ , nɯnɯ sqɯtɯrpa ɯro nɯ kusɯɤjtɯnɯ ɲɯcʰanɯ .
Glosses: one-year DEM:LOC _ one-hive bee DEM:PL ERG honey DEM DEM ten-pound 3SG.POSS-excess DEM IPFV-CAUS-accumulate-PL SENS-can-PL
Translation: In one year, one hive, the bees, the honey, they can gather more than ten pounds of it.' (26-GZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003668#S33"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯsŋi tɕe ɲɤkɤtɯɣci tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK one-day LNK IFR-PEG-meet-PEG LNK
Translation: One day, [the bear finally] met [the rabbit].' (2011-13-qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe kupacʰu nɯra , atʰi pɕoʁ nɯra , ɯpɕi nɯra kɯ kɯre ri ɣɯcʰɯsɯχtɯnɯ ŋu .
Glosses: LNK Chinese-APPROX.LOC DEM:PL downstream side DEM:PL 3SG.POSS-outside DEM:LOC ERG DEM.PROX:LOC LOC CISL-IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-CAUS-but-PL be:FACT
Translation: People from the Chinese areas downstream, outsiders, send [people] here to buy [these mushrooms]. (20-grWBgrWB) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003554#S57"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯjwaʁ ɯʁɤri ɯstu nɯ ɲɯɤrŋi , ɯjwaʁ ɯqʰucʰu nɯ ɲɯpɣi ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-leaf 3SG.POSS-front 3SG.POSS-direction DEM SENS-be.green 3SG.POSS-leaf 3SG.POSS-behind-APPROX.LOC DEM SENS-be.grey
Translation: The upper side of its leaves is green, and the lower side is grey.' (13-NanWkWmtsWG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003492#S7"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯxtɤpa cʰo ɯmi , ɯjaʁ , ɯŋgɯcʰu nɯra ɲɯwɣrum .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-lower.belly COMIT 3SG.POSS-foot 3SG.POSS-hand 3SG.POSS-INSIDE-APPROX.LOC DEM:PL SENS-be.white
Translation: The lower part of its body, its feet, its paws, the inside part are white.' (20-xsar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pa jɯl pɕoʁ nɤki , tɯji ɯrkɯ nɯra maka me . rɯŋgu kɯnɤ locʰu koŋla ʑo kɯɣɤndʐo mɤɕtʂa tʰi nɯra me
Glosses: down village side FILLER INDEF.POSS-field 3SG.POSS-side DEM:PL at.all not.exist:FACT pasture also upstream-APPROX.LOC completely EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.cold until downstream DEM:PL not.exist:FACT
Translation: It is not found down in the villages, near the fields. Even on the pastures, it only exists at high altitudes where it is very cold, not lower.' (15-babW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯrɟara cʰɯ pjɤkɤmdzɯci tɕe ,
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-yard INDEF.LOC PST.IPFV-PEG-sit-PEG LNK
Translation: She was sitting in their yard.'(150907 yingning-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006264#S57"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯβzɯr cʰizɯ , nɤki , kɯspoʁ ci pjɤtu tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-corner INDEF.LOC FILLER SBJ:PCP-have.a.hole INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist LNK
Translation: In one of the corners, there was a hole.' (140510 sanpian sheye-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003945#S62"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe tɯmɯcʰɯ nɯ ɯkɯru nɯ ɯɣmɤr ɯŋgɯ ʑo ɕpjɤlɤt ,
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-sky-towards DEM 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-look.at DEM 3SG.POSS-mouth 3SG.POSS-inside EMPH TRAL-IFR-release
Translation: It dropped [the medicine] inside the mouth of [Gesar], who was [lying on his back] face up towards the sky.' (Gesar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kutɕu zgo tɕe tɕekɯ zgo kunɯtsɯm ɲɯŋgrɤl ma
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC mountain LOC east mountain IPFV:EAST-AUTO-take.away SENS-be.usually.the.case LNK
Translation: [The crossoptilon] would take [the weasel] from the mountain here to the mountain over there (on the other side of the river).' (23-qapGAmtWmtW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003608#S82"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci nɯra pa tɕe taʁ ʁɟa ʑo ɣɯtsɯm pjɤra .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water DEM:PL down LOC up completely EMPH INV-take.away:FACT IFR.IPFV-be.needed
Translation: One had to bring water from the lower part [of the valley] upwards.' (140522 RdWrJAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qartsɯ tɕe ɲɯjpum ftɕar tɕe tumbro ŋu .
Glosses: winter LOC IPFV-be.thick summer LOC IPFV-be.high be:FACT
Translation: It grows thicker in winter, and taller in summer. (07-tAtho) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003432#S19"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo asɯm tɕe , nɯʁrɯ ʑo ɣɤʑu ɕti tɕe
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-mind LOC 3PL.POSS-horn EMPH exist:SENS be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: In my opinion, [since] they have horns, (they should be able to fight the predators off).' (20-RmbroN)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯʑo ɯsɯm tɕe tɕe tutsɯm tɕe tɕendɤre iʑora jisɤtɕʰa ra lonba ʑo tɯci ɲɯsɯɤβze toʁmɯɣ .
Glosses: LNK 3SG 3SG.POSS-mind LOC LNK IPFV:UP-take LNK LNK 1PL 1PL.POSS-place PL all EMPH INDEF.POSS-water IPFV-CAUS-become[III] IFR-have.the.intention
Translation: In his mind, [the snake] wanted to take the water upwards and transform our whole area into water.' (150820 qaprANar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯʑo cʰo] kɯnaχtɕɯɣ [sɯjno , xɕaj ma mɤkɯndza nɯra cʰonɤ] amɯminɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: 3SG COMIT SBJ:PCP-be.the.same vegetables grass apart.from NEG-SBJ:PCP-eat DEM:PL COMIT be.on.good.terms:FACT-PL LNK
Translation: [The rabbit] is on good terms with [the animals] which eat only grass and vegetables like him.' (04-qala2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kʰu cʰondɤre] mbro ni torɤkrɤzndʑi .
Glosses: tiger COMIT horse DU IFR-discuss-DU
Translation: The tiger and the horse had a discussion.' (20-tArka)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯrqʰu nɯ ɣɯrni laʁma ɯŋgɯ nɯ [sɤjku cʰo] ɲɯnaχtɕɯɣndʑi ri
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-bark DEM be.red:FACT apart.from.the.fact 3SG.POSS-inside DEM birch COMIT SENS-be.the.same-DU LNK
Translation: Apart from the fact that its bark is red, it is identical in the inside with the birch.' (06-mbrAj)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: awɯ cʰo aʁi ni cʰɯɣindʑi ra ma ʑɤnisti kɤrɤʑi mɤcʰandʑi tɕe ,
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grand.father COMIT 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling DU IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-DU be.needed:FACT LNK 3DU-alone INF-stay NEG-can:FACT-DU LNK
Translation: My grandfather and my younger brother have to come, they cannot stay by themselves.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕeri ɯʑo ndɤre , qajdo cʰo ra kɯ ndɤ túwɣndza ɕti
Glosses: but 3SG ADVERS crow COMIT PL ERG ADVERS IPFV-INV-eat be.AFF:FACT
Translation: But it is eaten by crows and other [animals].' (26-NalitCaRmbWm)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯpɯ ra cʰo] tɯtɯrca tondzanɯ tɕe tonɯʑɣɤɕɯfkanɯ ʑo ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young PL COMIT together IFR-eat-PL LNK IFR-AUTO-REFL-CAUS-be.full-PL EMPH SENS-be
Translation: [The eagle] ate them together with its fledglings and they ate to their full.' (huli yu shanying-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯrʑaβ cʰo ndʑime ci tu tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-wife COMIT 3DU.POSS-daughter one exist:FACT LNK
Translation: He and his wife have a daughter.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤrpi nɤ tɤrpi ʑo ɲɯsɯβzunɯ ɲɯŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sutra ADD INDEF.POSS-sutra EMPH IPFV-CAUS-make-PL SENS-be LNK
Translation: They ask [lamas] to chant sutras after sutras.' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ɯχti nɯ kɯ cʰa ntsɯ kutsʰi pɯŋu tɕe cʰa nɤ cʰa kutsʰi pjɯɕti tɕe
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-companion DEM ERG alcohol always IPFV-drink PST.IPFV-be LNK alcohol add alcohol IPFV-drink IPFV-be.AFF LNK
Translation: Her husband used to drink all the time, drank alcohol again and again.' (17-lhazgron)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci nɯ taʁ nɤ taʁ , taʁ nɤ taʁ tuɣi pjɤɕti
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water DEM up ADD up up ADD up IPFV:UP-come IFR.IPFV-be.AFF
Translation: The water was raising up and up.' (31-deluge)