lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-na-itxa te i-pere-de-na sona G̃oxor-kar ee-na sona-e mater e a-sob-aka ∅-de-ee-ka-e o-ma-amõ-pere-de-na-ee-na-e
Glosses: ENDO-FOC-with ADV 3SG-ITER-WIT-FOC often Zoró-search ENDO-FOC often-SFM.WIT long.ago SFM.WIT 3.REFL-father-kill 3SG-WIT-ENDO-DAT-SFM.WIT 1SG-POSS-grandfather-ITER-WIT-FOC-ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT
Translation: Thus, my grandfather was always in search of some Zoró, long ago, because one of them had killed his father.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-na o-sob-de-ee-na iwe-ma
Glosses: ENDO-FOC 1SG-father-WIT-ENDO-FOC DEM.EXO-do
Translation: This is what my father said.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo o-ya xi-ikin a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 1SG-NWIT 3SG-see SFM.WIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: He said: “[My father] said: “And once I saw him.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo o-ya o-sob-karmey-itxa a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 1SG-NWIT 1SG-father-younger.sibling-with SFM.WIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““I was with my father’s younger brother.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo o-oilud ee-na tar ã
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 1SG-young ENDO-FOC PRF SFM.NWIT
Translation: ““I was already a young man.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-te o-ya G̃oxor-ibeb-e-pe-maã tar a i-ya ∅-de mixag̃-mataga
Glosses: ENDO-ADV 1SG-NWIT Zoró-track-NMLZ-path-take PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT night-go.through
Translation: ““That time I had followed the track of a Zoró through the night.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: o-ker õm a
Glosses: 1SG-sleep NEG SFM.NWIT
Translation: ““I had not slept at all.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: mokãy-xibo-tor-wera o-ya xi-ibeb-maã tar a xi-pe-maã tar a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: fire-flame-carry-walk 1SG-NWIT 3SG-track-take PRF SFM.WIT 3SG-path-take PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““I had followed his track carrying a torch, I had followed his path.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-te o-ya pa-iter-ey-ya a-dihr ee-ka ã-tiga mey-koda-aat-tẽ ma o-ya ta-ka ee-na a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-ADV 1SG-NWIT 1PL.INCL-very-PL-NWIT 3.REFL-exhaust ENDO-DAT DEM.PROX-SIM 2PL-sit.PL-ly-INCH IMP 1SG-NWIT 3PL-DAT ENDO-FOC SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““And, as our men were exhausted, I told them: “You all should sit down here.”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo o-ya-kah pe-tota o-sahr-a bobobob
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 1SG-NWIT-go path-along 1SG-swift-VBLZ walk.quickly
Translation: ““And I trotted away swiftly along the path.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ano-koy o-ya-kah nem G̃oxor-ma-arãya-sade a-awaga ewe-epi a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: DEM.DIST-to 1SG-NWIT-go INTJ Zoró-POSS-chicken-PROG.SIM 3.REFL-cry DEM.ENDO-hear SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““I went there, and I heard the pet cock of the Zoró singing.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: bohb o-ya o-sahrokabi a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: run 1SG-NWIT 1SG-swift.under.cover SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ã-ter o-ya xi-sab-abe-tâh-ikin a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: DEM.PROX-very 1SG-NWIT 3SG-house-outside-stand-see SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““Here, I could see their house.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ye-ter oytxepo
Glosses: DEM.MED-very perfect
Translation: ““That’s perfect!””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: bohb o-ya o-sahrokabi a i-ka-ter a-kah a-na i
Glosses: run 1SG-NWIT 1SG-swift.under.cover SFM.NWIT 3SG-DAT-very 3.REFL-go DEM.PROX-FOC SFM.NDECL
Translation: ““Quickly, I approached nearer, ducking under cover, and I thought: “So is he staying in this one?”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-tiga te ta-ma-awuru-ya waohwaohwaoh awuru-ya ta-maniga-e-sor-ta o-ka tar a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-SIM ADV 3PL-POSS-dog-NWIT bark dog-NWIT 3PL-come.near.to-NMLZ-hard-VBLZ 1SG-DAT PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““But then: Woof! Woof! Woof! Their dog barked and did not let me come nearer to them.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-tãr o-ka tar a
Glosses: 3.REFL-fierce 1SG-DAT PRF SFM.NWIT
Translation: ““It was already barking fiercely at me.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-tiga te o-ya nem awuru-pami tar a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-SIM ADV 1SG-NWIT INTJ dog-fear PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““And me, well, I was scared of the dog.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: eh méhk pa-sa-a-na pa-agah i o-ya tar a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: oh daybreak 1PL.INCL-PROG-DEM.PROX-FOC 1PL.INCL-dawn SFM.NDECL 1SG-NWIT PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: “““Oh, I realized, daybreak is coming, isn’t it?”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-tiga te o-ya-kah o-sob-karmey-ka one te a-na iwe-pi ter e ba o-ya ee-na i-ka a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-SIM ADV 1SG-NWIT-go 1SG-father-younger.sibling-DAT NEG ADV DEM.PROX-FOC DEM.EXO-ABL very SFM.WIT father 1SG-NWIT ENDO-FOC 3SG-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““So I went straight to my father's younger brother and said to him: “Father, the situation is not easy.”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: iye pa-mayahr-sid e-waba te e-sa-aye pa-iter-ey-kãra e-de-ee-ka aye ewe-pig̃a pa-iter-ey-itxa ter o-sob-ya o-ka a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: all.right 1PL.INCL-go.away-HORT 2SG-HORT ADV 2SG-PROG-FUT 1PL.INCL-very-PL-retaliate.against 2SG-WIT-ENDO-DAT FUT DEM.ENDO-seize:worry.about 1PL.INCL-very-PL-with very 1SG-father-NWIT 1SG-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: “““All right, my father answered, you can say: “Let's go away.” I am worried about our people: because of what you did, there will be retaliations against us.”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-te awuru-sa-ee-na a-ker õm a waohwaohwaoh awuru-sa-ee-na a-tãr a
Glosses: ENDO-ADV dog-PROG-ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-sleep NEG SFM.NWIT bark.in.the.distance dog-PROG-ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-fierce SFM.NWIT
Translation: ““And in the distance, the dog had not fallen asleep: Woof! Woof! It was still barking fiercely.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-tiga te o-ya o-kah-sid-sa-i o-sade-ee-ka a-ter-ma-reh ba o-ya o-sob-karmey-ka a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-SIM ADV 1SG-NWIT 1SG-go-HORT-PROG-SFM.NDECL 1SG-PROG.SIM-ENDO-DAT DEM.PROX-very-IMP-HORT.PL father 1SG-NWIT 1SG-father-younger.sibling-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““But I was already thinking: “I shall go,” and I said to my father's younger brother: “Wait, father!”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: o-e-na ter te bo-o-sa-kah a-sab-tiga yed-iway-ka ma-reh o-ya i-ka a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: 1SG-NMLZ-FOC very ADV ADVERS-1SG-PROG-go DEM.PROX-house-SIM REL-master-DAT IMP-HORT.PL 1SG-NWIT 3SG-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: “““Let me go and show the master of this house who I am!” I said to him.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: bohb o-sahr-or
Glosses: run 1SG-swift-come
Translation: ““I approached it quickly.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: awuru-sade a-tãr ee-amaĩ te o-sahrokabi
Glosses: dog-PROG.SIM 3.REFL-fierce ENDO-in.front.of ADV 1SG-approach.under.cover
Translation: ““Although the dog was still fierce, I approached under cover.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-tiga te xi-iway añum o-kabe-sahr-a ee-tiga ee mĩhna-ka a-na mehkap nan a-ariwa awuru ma-eg̃a bo-o-sa awuru-ka a ∅-ya a-na mehkap-a a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-SIM ADV 3SG-master a.little 1SG-stoop-swift-VBLZ ENDO-SIM ENDO door-DAT DEM.PROX-FOC opening Q 3.REFL-be.noisy dog Q-PRS ADVERS-1SG-PROG dog-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT DEM.PROX-FOC opening-VBLZ SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““As I was running up stooping, its master half-opened the door and thought about the dog: “What is making the dog bark?”””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ah sehr awuru o-sahr-ikin a-de-ee-ka dik a-mĩhna-poga
Glosses: ah look.and.see dog 1SG-swift-see 3.REFL-WIT-ENDO-DAT close 3.REFL-door-close
Translation: “““Ah, I see, dog!” he said as he saw me running up, and: Slam! He shut the door.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: turuk awuru-sa-kah-e-koy i-ya i-õm-a-niga a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: dodge.in dog-PROG-go-NMLZ-to 3SG-NWIT 3SG-NEG-VBLZ-SIM SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““Whoosh! The dog dodged its way in and disappeared inside.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ahwob sog sog o-ma-de-or xi-sab-ma-apa i
Glosses: blow set.fire set.fire 1SG-PRF.PST-WIT-come 3SG-house-CAUS-burn SFM.NDECL
Translation: ““But I had come already and: Puff! I blew on my torch and: Whoosh! Whoosh! I set fire to his house on both sides!””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-tiga te etrrrk a-ma-ur-maã o-ka a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-SIM ADV catching.fire 3.REFL-POSS-bow-take 1SG-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““It immediately caught fire and, inside, they picked up their bows to shoot at me.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: oeh a-ma-ur-maã ∅-de-o-ka-wa i ã ã-tiga-reh tak tak ma-ey-ya ano-koy tak ma-ey-ka eeerh ma-pug-e-koe-ya i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ah 3.REFL-POSS-bow-take 3-WIT-1SG-DAT-HORT SFM.NDECL DEM.PROX DEM.PROX-SIM-HORT.PL shoot.arrow shoot.arrow other-PL-NWIT DEM.DIST-to shoot.arrow other-PL-DAT mortally.wounded INDF-child-NMLZ-voice-NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: “““Ah, they are picking up theirs bows to shoot at me! Let's shoot now!” I thought and I shot twice, the enemies moved away, I shot once again, and: Arrh! A child's voice cried out as I mortally wounded him.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ma-ya maã xi-ti-ya ma-pug-pi-ee-koy manáh tar a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: other-NWIT take 3SG-mother-NWIT INDF-child-hear-ENDO-to insult PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““Another had seized his bow already, and because she heard him crying, the child's mother was insulting me.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: o-ya ee-tiga te o-tepotê ted-te G̃oxor-ka tar a i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: 1SG-NWIT ENDO-SIM ADV 1SG-shoot.arrow only-ADV Zoró-DAT PRF SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: ““But I just kept on shooting arrows at the Zoró.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo o-ma-amõ-pere-de-na ee-na G̃oxor-ka xameomi ter ∅-de-ee-na-ee-na-e a-sob-aka ∅-de-ee-ka-ee-na-ee-na-e
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 1SG-POSS-grandfather-ITER-WIT-FOC ENDO-FOC Zoró-DAT much very 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC-ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT 3.REFL-father-kill 3SG-WIT-ENDO-DAT-ENDO-FOC-ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT
Translation: My grandfather did this several times to the Zoró, he did it many times, because his father had been killed by one of them.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: oilud ee-na a-saba ∅-de-ee-na ee-na ma-iter i-ka e
Glosses: young ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-PROG.PST 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC ENDO-FOC other-very 3SG-DAT SFM.WIT
Translation: He was young then, so he did it once again to them.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-yab-pi ∅-de-ee-na ma-iter i-ka e
Glosses: DEM.PROX-ENDO-ABL 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC other-very 3SG-DAT SFM.WIT
Translation: And afterward, he did it once more to them.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-yab-pi ∅-de-ee-na ma-iter xi-sab-ma-apa xi-sab-ma-apa ted-te i-pere-de-na sona-e .
Glosses: DEM.PROX-ENDO-ABL 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC other-very 3SG-house-CAUS-burn 3SG-house-CAUS-burn only-ADV 3SG-ITER-WIT-FOC often-SFM.WIT
Translation: And afterward, he burnt one their houses down again, several times he just burnt a house down.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo o-ya-ee-na G̃oxor-e-aka xi-sab-ma-apa o-sob-aka ∅-de-ee-ka ã o-sob-ya o-sob-de
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 1SG-NWIT-ENDO-FOC Zoró-NMLZ-kill 3SG-house-CAUS-burn 1SG-father-kill 3SG-WIT-ENDO-DAT SFM.NWIT 1SG-father-NWIT 1SG-father-WIT
Translation: My father said this: “My father said this: “Thus I killed the Zoró, I burnt his house down, because he had killed my father.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-na
Glosses: ENDO-FOC
Translation: It happened like this.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-yab-de-ee-na iwe-ewá i-ka e
Glosses: DEM.PROX-ENDO-WIT-ENDO-FOC DEM.EXO-say 3SG-DAT SFM.WIT
Translation: And he sang to celebrate this event.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: awuru-tih-ma ma-meko-ka o-ka o-pami-be-wẽtiga wẽtiga wẽtiga a
Glosses: dog-big-PRF.PST INDF-jaguar-DAT 1SG-DAT 1SG-fear-NMLZ-sound sound sound SFM.NWIT
Translation: “““The big dog sounded its fear of a jaguar, of me it sounded it, sounded it, they say.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: awuru-tih-ma ma-meko-ka o-ka
Glosses: dog-big-PRF.PST INDF-jaguar-DAT 1SG-DAT
Translation: The big dog, of a jaguar, of me,
Language: Suruí
Transcription: o-ikin ted-te loykub-ey-ma-awuru-tih-ma ma-meko-ka o-ka pami-be-wẽtiga wẽtiga wẽtiga a
Glosses: 1SG-see only-ADV enemy-PL-POSS-dog-big-PRF.PST INDF-jaguar-DAT 1SG-DAT fear-NMLZ-sound sound sound SFM.NWIT
Translation: Just at seeing me, the big dog of the enemies sounded its fear of a jaguar, of me, sounded it, sounded it, they say.”
Language: Suruí
Transcription: o-ya iwe-ewá a i-ya xi-ma-awuru-ma-aĩ o-de-ee-ewá a i-ya ee-na
Glosses: 1SG-NWIT DEM.EXO-say SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-POSS-dog-big-CAUS-go.into 1SG-WIT-ENDO-say SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT ENDO-FOC
Translation: I sang this, I sang that I made his big dog run in, like this.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-yab-pi ma-iter te
Glosses: DEM.PROX-ENDO-ABL other-very ADV
Translation: Afterward, he did it once again.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-yab-pi ∅-de-ee-na-ee-na te ee-na i-kãy-na a-saba ee-na xi-sab-ma-apa a-kah G̃oxor ee-na-e
Glosses: DEM.PROX-ENDO-ABL 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC-ENDO-FOC ADV ENDO-FOC 3SG-old-FOC 3.REFL-PROG.PST ENDO-FOC 3SG-house-CAUS-burn 3.REFL-go Zoró ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT
Translation: Afterward, he did it, when he grew up, he went and burnt down the Zoró’s house.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-na a-sob-aka ee-ka te i-pere-de-na a-agõa-arih i-ka e
Glosses: ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-father-kill ENDO-DAT ADV 3SG-ITER-WIT-FOC 3.REFL-heart-lazy 3SG-DAT SFM.WIT
Translation: Thus, because his father had been murdered, he remained merciless toward them.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo ∅-de-ee-na i-kãy-na a-saba ee-na-ee-na-e xi-sab-ma-apa a-kah e
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC 3SG-old-FOC 3.REFL-PROG.PST ENDO-FOC-ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT 3SG-house-CAUS-burn 3.REFL-go SFM.WIT
Translation: And he did it again when he grew up, he went and burnt down one of their houses.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo ∅-de-ee-na ee-pi xi-aka ee-na-e
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC ENDO-ABL 3SG-kill ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT
Translation: And afterward he killed another one.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: xi-sab-ma-apa a-kah ñorĩ ee-te xi-sab-ma-apa o-kabi ma sade-ee-na ma-ey-ka ee-te ee-petimag̃a a-saba
Glosses: 3SG-house-CAUS-burn 3SG-go stealthily ENDO-ADV 3SG-house-CAUS-burn 1SG-BEN IMP PROG.SIM-ENDO-FOC other-PL-DAT ENDO-ADV ENDO-ambush 3.REFL-PROG.PST
Translation: He went away to burn down a Zoró house, he said to a few others: “Burn down their house for me!” and he lay in ambush.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo ka-koy ee-na ma-pãri ma palo-de-ee-na sona i xi-sab-ma-apa sade-ee-ka-e ee-te i-sade-ee-na a-sab-alabiĩ so-ey-de-kah-ee-na pãri a-ma-ur-maã i-sa-ee-na ma-de-ani-e
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS Q-to ENDO-FOC INDF-make.noise Q someone-WIT-ENDO-FOC often SFM.NDECL 3SG-house-CAUS-burn PROG.SIM-ENDO-DAT-SFM.WIT ENDO-ADV 3SG-PROG.SIM-ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-house-burning thing-PL-WIT-go-ENDO-FOC make.noise 3.REFL-POSS-bow-take 3SG-PROG-ENDO-FOC INDF-WIT-GNO-SFM.WIT
Translation: And while the house was burning up, he was watching and wondering: “Where is one making noise, is there someone?” because as one’s house is in flames, one moves things about and makes noise in search of one’s bow.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ã-tiga-reh tap sok ee-na xi-aka ee-na-e
Glosses: DEM.PROX-SIM-HORT.PL shoot.arrow hit.target ENDO-FOC 3SG-kill ENDO-FOC-SFM.WIT
Translation: “Let’s shoot now!” he thought, he fired his arrow and hit his target, that’s how he killed each one.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: a-yab-pi ∅-de-ee-na ã-tiga ma-ano-petimag̃a ã-tiga ma-ano-petimag̃a ã-tiga ma-ano-petimag̃a ã-tiga ma-ano-petimag̃a
Glosses: DEM.PROX-ENDO-ABL 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC DEM.PROX-SIM other-standing.up-ambush DEM.PROX-SIM other-standing.up-ambush DEM.PROX-SIM other-standing.up-ambush DEM.PROX-SIM other-standing.up-ambush
Translation: And next to him, there was another one standing in ambush, and there another one, and there another one, and there another one.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-te ã-tiga ma-ano-de mapa mokãy-ĩ ã-tiga ma-ano pãri ∅-de-ee-na a-ma-ur-maã i-sade ma-sa-ee-na ã-tiga-reh tap ee-na-i-ka-e
Glosses: ENDO-ADV DEM.PROX-SIM other-standing.up-WIT shoot.arrow fire-inside DEM.PROX-SIM other-standing.up noise 3SG-WIT-ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-POSS-bow-take 3SG-PROG.SIM other-PROG-ENDO-FOC DEM.PROX-SIM-HORT.PL hit.target ENDO-FOC-3SG-DAT-SFM.WIT
Translation: Then one of them shot an arrow in the fire, and, as someone made noise in search of his bow, another one standing there thought: “Let’s shoot now,” and did it to that one.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-te o-ya-ee-na ee-na ã i-ya ∅-de
Glosses: ENDO-ADV 1SG-NWIT-ENDO-FOC ENDO-FOC SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT
Translation: [My father] said: “He said: “So I did it that way.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-bo sab-de-ee-na a-apa ã i-ya ∅-de ewewaya G̃oxor-sade a-na a-pabiar a-werkar ano-koy ewe-nam-ka ee-na-i-ka ã i-yã ∅-de ano a-agaa-ap a-alap tap
Glosses: ENDO-ADVERS house-WIT-ENDO-FOC 3.REFL-burn SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT burning Zoró-PROG.SIM DEM.PROX-FOC 3.REFL-on.all.fours 3.REFL-walk DEM.DIST-to DEM.ENDO-quantity-DAT ENDO-FOC-3SG-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT DEM.DIST 3.REFL-belly-hole 3.REFL-stretch.out hit.target
Translation: ““The house was burning up, the Zoró crawled on all fours and stretched out like this, and we shot at them.”
Language: Suruí
Transcription: nem a-waĩ i-ka ã i-ya ∅-de eeerh
Glosses: INTJ 3.REFL-shoot.arrow 3SG-DAT SFM.NWIT 3SG-NWIT 3SG-WIT dying
Translation: ““One of us shot one of them, and he was dying.””
Language: Suruí
Transcription: ee-na o-ma-amõ-de-ee-na lahd-ka ee-na mater e
Glosses: ENDO-FOC 1SG-POSS-grandfather-WIT-ENDO-FOC Indian.enemy-DAT ENDO-FOC long.ago SFM.WIT
Translation: That’s the way my grandfather treated the enemy long ago.
Language: Suruí
Transcription: bo te
Glosses: ADVERS ADV
Translation: That’s it.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: aʔi ɪman-haɾ-kɛ kuɾumĩ ɾɛhɛ ∅-pɪnu i-ʃɔ
Glosses: old.woman formerly-NMLZ-AFC boy at 3-fart 3-be
Translation: A long time ago, a woman farted on a boy.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: aja-ɛ̃-kɛ kuɾumĩ uʔɪ-sɛpɛtu i-ʃapɛ kʷaɾ ɾupi ∅-kutuk
Glosses: ANA-NMLZ-AFC boy arrow-spit 3-vagina hole by 3-pierce
Translation: Afterwards, the boy pierced her through the anus with a wood-tipped arrow.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: taʔɪn u-kʷɛɾ ɔ-u ʔɪ pɪtun ɾahã pamɛ amɛʔɛ̃ aʔi ai pɪnu ɔ-hɔ ɛhɛ jɛ
Glosses: child 3-sleep 3-lay.down PFV night SR each DEI old.woman roguish fart 3-go 3.at HSY
Translation: Night after night, while a boy was lying (down), it is said that an old roguish woman came to fart on him.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ pɪtun jɛ tĩ pɛ pɪnu ɔ-hɔ jɛ tĩ
Glosses: then night HSY again then fart 3-ho HSY again
Translation: Each night that came, she farted on him again.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: taʔɪn u-kʷɛɾ-ta jɛ tĩ kɔ aʔi i-haj-kɛ piɾɔk-hũ jɛ pɛ i-ʔaɾ-pɛ pɪnu-hũ
Glosses: child 3-sleep-FUT HSY again DEI old.woman 3-skirt-AFC strip-INTENS HSY then 3-above-LOC fart-INTENS
Translation: When the boy went to sleep again, the old woman took off her skirt, it is said; then (she) farted on him a lot.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɪnu∼pɪnu-atɛ ɛhɛ jɛ
Glosses: fart∼RED-INTENS 3.at HSY
Translation: She was really farting a lot on him.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ ɔ-hɔ jɛ tĩ
Glosses: then 3-go HSY again
Translation: She went again (towards the boy).
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: taʔɪn-kɛ i-tawa i-mu paɾahɪ-ahɪ i-pɛ jɛ
Glosses: child-AFC 3-yellow 3-bɾother angry-INTENS 3-DAT HSY
Translation: The boy was yellowish (sick), his brother was very angry with him.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: nɛ-tawa-tɛ nɛ-kɛã nɛ-jɪtɪʔɪm-tɛ amɔ̃ ʔɪ
Glosses: 2SG-yellow-INTENS 2SG-AFC 2SG-lazy-INTENS another PFV
Translation: “You are yellowish and very lazy too.”
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pandu-ʔɪm∼anu taʔɪn jɛ tĩ
Glosses: tell-NEG∼RED child HSY again
Translation: The boy didn’t say anything.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ pɪtun jɛ tĩ pɛ aʔi … pɪtun pɪtɛɾ-pɛ jɛ
Glosses: so night HSY again so old.woman … night middle-LOC HSY
Translation: Another night, the old … [hesitation] in the middle of the night.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ aʔi i-hɔn i-ʃɔ jɛ ʔɪ
Glosses: then old.woman 3-go 3-AUX HSY PFV
Translation: Then the old woman went (towards the boy).
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ i-haj-kɛ mu-sɪɾɪk jɛ pɛ taʔɪn u-kʷɛɾ-atu jɛ pũũũ i-apũi ɾɛhɛ pɪnu jɛ
Glosses: then 3-skirt-AFC CAUS-strip HSY then child 3-sleep-INTENS HSY IDEO 3-nose LOC fart HSY
Translation: So, (she) she raised her own skirt, the child was sleeping deeply: Puum! She farted in his nose.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ pɛ wɛɾa uwɪɾ tĩ pɛ i-mu panu i-pɛ mɪja nɛ-ʃɔ-ha tĩ
Glosses: then then light come again then 3-brother tell 3-DAT Q 2SG-be-NMLZ again
Translation: So … so the light (of the morning) came again, and his brother said: “What’s wrong with you?”
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: ɛ-pandu ihɛ̃-pɛ ɾahã pɛ i-mu panu ʃɛ amɔ̃ aʔi ihɛ̃-ɾɛhɛ pɪnu i-ʃɔ tĩ pɪtun ɾahã pamɛ ihɛ̃-ɾɛhɛ pɪnu jɛ aʔɛ-ɾɛhɛ ihɛ̃-kɛ a-tawa taj
Glosses: 2SG.IMP-tell 1SG-DAT HORT so 3-brother tell DEI another old.woman 1SG-LOC fart 3-be again night SR each 1SG-LOC fart HSY 3-about 1SG-AFC 1SG-yellow INTENS
Translation: “Talk to me!” and his brother said: “The old woman is farting on me; every night she farts on me! That's why I'm turning yellow.”
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ i-mu uʔɪ ɾaʔɪr mujã i-pɛ jɛ uʔɪ sɛpɛtu ɪɾapaɾ ɾaʔɪɾ
Glosses: so 3-brother arrow small make 3-DAT HSY arrow spit bow small
Translation: Then, his brother … made a small arrow with a tip of wood and a small bow for him.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ kɔ[mɛʔɛ̃] pɛ ɛ-jingɔ ɾahã kɪ̃ aja i-pɛ jɛ
Glosses: so th(is) so 2SG.IMP-shoot HORT KꞮ̃ ANA 3-DAT HSY
Translation: So this … so “Shoot!” he said to him.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ taʔɪn u-kʷɛɾ uwɪɾ jɛ tĩ pɪtun ɾahã
Glosses: so child 3-sleep come HSY again noite SR
Translation: The boy went to sleep again, at night.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ aʔi ai tuɾ jɛ tĩ
Glosses: so old.woman rogue come HSY again
Translation: The old woman came again.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ saʔɛ aʔi i-haj ʃiɾuɾ-kɛ piɾɔk-hũ jɛ i-haj ai jɛ
Glosses: so guy old.woman 3-skirt short-AFC strip-INTENS HSY 3-skirt bad HSY
Translation: So he … the old woman raised her own old skirt, her pants.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ saʔɛ uʔɪ-kɛ hɪkɪj jɛ Sõõ ʃapɛ kʷaɾ ɾupi atɛ jingɔ mɔnɔ jɛ aʔi ai ahɛm atɛ ɔ-hɔ jɛ
Glosses: so guy arrow-AFC pull HSY IDEO anus hole in INTENS shoot throw HSY old.woman roguish scream INTENS 3-go HSY
Translation: So, he took the arrow and Sõõ! he shot it into her asshole, the arrow was stuck in her asshole. The nasty old woman screamed a lot.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ aʔɪ ai pɪnu ʔɪm jɛ ʔɪ amɔ̃ kuʔɛm ɾahã saʔɛ amɔ̃ wɛɾa uwɪɾ jɛ ʔɪ
Glosses: so old.woman roguish fart NEG HSY PFV another morning SR guy another light come HSY PFV
Translation: Then, the old woman didn’t fart anymore; the next morning … Another day came.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ pɪtun ɔhɔ tĩ aʔi ju ...ju ... juwɪɾ ʔɪm ɔhɔ pɪtun ɾahã
Glosses: so night 3-go again old.woman [hesitation] return NEG 3-go night SR
Translation: So, night came again; [hesitation] the old woman didn’t return.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ pɛ atu uʔɪ i-piʔa kʷaɾ [ɾupi] upɛn uʔam ʔɪ
Glosses: so so INTENS arrow 3-vagina hole [by] broke AUX.vertical PFV
Translation: So … So, the arrow broke in her vagina.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: amõ u-kʷɛɾ ɾahã aʔi amɛʔɛ̃ aʔi-kɛ maʔɛ-ahɪ jɛ ʔɪ
Glosses: another 3-sleep SR old.woman ANA old.woman-AFC sickness HSY PFV
Translation: The next day, that old woman got sick.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ sawaʔɛ amɛʔɛ̃ taʔɪn-uhu u-kʷa je
Glosses: so man ANA child-INTENS 3-know HSY
Translation: That young boy already knew.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛʔɛ̃ aʔi ihɛ̃ ɾɛhɛ pɪnu i-ʃɔ ɾikiã amɛʔɛ̃ pɪtun ɾahã
Glosses: DEI old.woman 1SG in fart 3-be emphasis ANA night SR
Translation: “That old woman was farting on me that night.”
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: saʔɛ-kɛ pɛ tuj-ha-kɛ
Glosses: guy-AFC DEI stay-NMLZ-AFC
Translation: There was the boy.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: ɪman-tɛ pɛ aʔi-kɛ manɔ̃ jɛ
Glosses: lately-INTENS so old.woman-AFC die HSY
Translation: Later, the old woman died.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ amɛʔɛ̃ taʔɪn tuʃa-pɛ panu jɛ
Glosses: so ANA child chief-DAT tell HSY
Translation: Then, the child talked to the chief:
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: ihɛ̃ amɛʔɛ̃ aʔi-kɛ a-jukʷa
Glosses: 1SG ANA old.woman-AFC 1SG-kill
Translation: “I killed that old woman.”
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ tuʃa aja i-pɛ jɛ
Glosses: so chief DEI 3-DAT HSY
Translation: So, the warrior chief said to him:
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: kawĩ taʔɪn-ta ja-hupiɾ ɾahã ɛ-panu kɪ̃ hɛta-ha-pɛ
Glosses: beer child-PL 1PL-lift SR 2SG.IMP-tell KꞮ̃ many-NMLZ-DAT
Translation: “Beer, when we will lift the children, talk to the people.”
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: apɔ kapɪ-pɛ tɛʔɛ ɛ-ju ɾĩ
Glosses: now room-LOC TƐʔƐ 2SG.IMP-lay.down IPFV
Translation: “Now, go off to your room.’
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ saʔɛ kapɪ-pɛ tuj jɛ
Glosses: so guy room-LOC stay HSY
Translation: He stayed in the room (in seclusion).
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ akaju ɾɪkʷɛɾ ŋã-ʔu jɛ ʔɪ pɛ saʔɛ u-hɛm jɛ ʔɪ
Glosses: so cashew juice 3PL-ingest HSY PFV so guy 3-exit HSY PFV
Translation: Then … Later, after they drank cashew beer, he came out.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: kapɪ ĩ u-hɛm
Glosses: room ABL 3-exit
Translation: He left the seclusion room.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: kujã-ta-kɛ upa mu-pinim
Glosses: mulher-PL-AFC all CAUS-painted
Translation: All the women were painted.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: aja ɾahã saʔɛ aʔɛ u-hɛm taʔɪn-uhu taʔɪnuhu jɛ
Glosses: ANA SR guy 3 3-exit child-INTENS child-INTENS HSY
Translation: At this moment, the young man left the room.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: maʔɛ huwɪ-kɛ
Glosses: hesitation blood-AFC
Translation: And … The blood …
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: upa tɪmã muʔi huwɪ-kɛ upa muhãj jɛ
Glosses: all leg scarify blood-AFC all disperse HSY
Translation: The lower part of his legs was scarified; the (bad) blood was totally dispersed.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: huwɪ ahɪ–ha-kɛ aʔi ɾuwɪ-kɛ amɛʔɛ̃-ja saka jɛ
Glosses: blood pain-NMLZ-AFC old.woman blood-AFC DEI-ANA like HSY
Translation: The evil and toxic blood, it was as if it were the blood of the old woman.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ aja ɾahã katu jɛ tĩ
Glosses: so ANA SR good HSY again
Translation: So … In this way he became well again.
Language: Urubú-Kaapor
Transcription: pɛ sɔɾɔka ɾɛhɛ wata atu i-ʃɔ tĩ
Glosses: so outside by walk good 3-be again
Translation: And he was able to walk outside again.
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Angkurla larrinka-nga-ju ngank-u .
Glosses: NEG understand-1SG-do 2SG-ACC
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Ngiji-ngirri-nyu-nu kunyaku .
Glosses: see-1PL.EXCL-2OBJ-did 2DU.ACC
Translation: We saw you two.
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Jaja-mi ngarr-u !
Glosses: wait-IRR 1SG-ACC
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Ngangarra ngaja-nga-ju .
Glosses: wild.rice see-1SG-do
Translation: I can see wild rice.
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Jani madayi-rni ngaja-nya-ju ?
Glosses: Q cloud.NOM-FOC see-2SG-do
Translation: Can you see the cloud?
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Wiwimi-darra-rni warlaku ngaja-ju .
Glosses: girl-PL-ERG dog.NOM see-do
Translation: The girls see the dog.
Language: Jingulu
Transcription: Ngaja-nga-ju niyi-rnini nayurni .
Glosses: see-1SG-do 3SG.GEN-F woman.NOM
Translation: I can see his wife.
Language: Warrwa
Transcription: nyinka jurrb ø-ji-na-yina kinya wanyji kwiina iri ka-na-ngka-ndi-ø ø-ji-na , kinya-na wuba ,
Glosses: this jump 3minNOM-say-PST-3minOBL this later big woman 1minNOM-TR-FUT-get-3minACC 3minNOM-say-PST this-ERG small
Translation: The little one jumped at her then, at the big woman, and tried to get her.
Language: Warrwa
Transcription: kinya kwiina-nma iri marlu laj ø-ji-na-ø kinya wuba , laj , marlu laj ø-ji-na-ø ,
Glosses: this big-fERG woman not throw 3minNOM-say-PST-3minACC this little throw not throw 3minNOM-say-PST-3minACC
Translation: But no, the big woman threw the little man away.
Language: Aguaruna
Transcription: Yawaã ii-nau maa-tʃa-ma-ka-umɨ ?
Glosses: dog.NOM 1PL-POSS kill.HIAF-NEG-REC.PST-INT-2sgPST
Translation: Have you killed our dog?
Language: Aguaruna
Transcription: Nĩ ɨɨma-ta .
Glosses: 3SG.NOM carry.PFV-IMP
Translation: You(sg.) carry him!
Language: Aguaruna
Transcription: Hutii ainau-ti atumɨ wai-hatu-ina-humɨ-i .
Glosses: 1PL.NOM PL-SAP 2PL.NOM see-1PL.OBJ-PL.IPFV-2PL-DECL
Translation: You(pl.) see us.
Language: Aguaruna
Transcription: Ima biika-na-kɨ yu-a-ma-ha-i .
Glosses: INTENS bean-ACC-RESTR eat-HIAF-REC.PST-1SG-DECL
Translation: I only ate beans.
Language: Aguaruna
Transcription: Nĩ ii-na antu-hu-tama-ka-aha-tata-wa-i .
Glosses: 3SG.NOM 1PL-ACC listen-APPL-1PL.OBJ-INTENS-PL-FUT-3-DECL
Translation: He will listen to us.
Language: Aguaruna
Transcription: Hutii a-ina-u-ti daka-sa-tata-hamɨ-i ami-na .
Glosses: 1PL.NOM COP-PL.IPPFV-REL-SAP wait-ATT-FUT-1SG>2SG.OBJ-DECL 2SG-ACC
Translation: We will wait for you.
Language: Bats
Transcription: (As) vuiž-n-as .
Glosses: 1sERG fall-AOR-1sERG
Translation: I fell. (It was my own fault that I fell down.)
Language: Bats
Transcription: (So) vož-en-sO .
Glosses: 1sNOM fall-AOR-1sNOM
Translation: I fell down, by accident.
Language: Lithuanian
Transcription: *aš piršt-ą visai atšal-a-u
Glosses: I.NOM finger-ACC fully get.cold-PST-1SG
Translation: The doctor put ice on [my] aching finger and after 10 minutes my finger got cold (lit. to me the finger got cold).’ [Elicited]
Language: Lithuanian
Transcription: Jis iš-gėrė vanden-į .
Glosses: he TELIC-drink.3PST water-ACC.SG
Translation: He drank (up) (the/some) water.
Language: Lithuanian
Transcription: Jis iš-gėrė vanden-s .
Glosses: he TELIC-drink.3PST water-GEN.SG
Translation: He drank (*the/some) water.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Hän avasi ikkunan .
Glosses: he open.3SG.PST window.ACC.SG
Translation: He opened the window.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Hän avasi ikkunaa .
Glosses: he open.3SG.PST window.PART.SG
Translation: (i) ‘He was opening the window.
Language: Maithili
Transcription: O hãs-l-aith .
Glosses: 3hREM.NOM laugh-PST-3hNOM
Translation: He(hREM) laughed.
Language: Maithili
Transcription: O okra cāh-ait ch-aith .
Glosses: 3hREM 3nhREM.DAT like-IPFV.PTCP AUX-3hNOM
Translation: S/he(hREM) likes him/her(nh.REM).
Language: Maithili
Transcription: [Hamrā (*ham) ghar āib-kẽ] pitā-jī khuśī he-t-āh .
Glosses: 1DAT 1NOM home come-CVB father-hNOM happy be(come)-FUT-3hNOM
Translation: When I come home, father will be happy.
Language: Maithili
Transcription: [Rām-kẽ (*Rām) sut-b-āk lel] ham yahī̃ ṭhām-sã uṭhī-ge-l-aũh .
Glosses: Ram-DAT Ram.NOM sleep-INF:OBL-GEN for 1NOM here place-ABL rise-TEL-PST-1NOM
Translation: I got up from this place in order for Ram to (be able to) sleep.
Language: Georgian
Transcription: Deda bans tavis švil-s .
Glosses: mother.NOM she.bathes.him.PRS self.GEN child-DAT
Translation: The mother is bathing her child.
Language: Georgian
Transcription: Deda-m dabana tavis-i švil-i .
Glosses: mother-NARR she.bathed.him.AOR self.GEN-NOM child-NOM
Translation: The mother bathed her child.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Söin omena-n / omena-a .
Glosses: eat.1sIPFV apple-ACC / apple-PART
Translation: I ate/was eating an apple.
Language: Finnish
Transcription: En syönyt omena-a .
Glosses: NEG-1s eat-2PTCP apple-PART
Translation: I didn’t eat/was not eating an apple.
Language: Arbore
Transcription: Farawé Ɂí-y zaɦate
Glosses: horse.F.NOM PVS-3SG die.3SG.F
Language: Arbore
Transcription: Farawa zéɦe
Glosses: horse.F.PRED died.3SG.M
Translation: (A) HORSE died.’ (Capitals signify the narrow focus)
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Köy-ü bir haydut-un bas-tığ-ın]-ı duy-du-m .
Glosses: village-ACC a robber-GEN raid-FN-3SG-ACC hear-PST-1SG
Translation: I heard that a (certain) robber raided the village.’ (specific)
Language: Turkish
Transcription: [Köy-ü haydut bas-tığ-ın]-ı duy-du-m .
Glosses: village-ACC robber raid-FN-3SG-ACC hear-PST-1SG
Translation: I heard that robbers raided the village.’ (non-specific, generic)
Language: Literary Hindi
Transcription: Ram khãs-a .
Glosses: Ram.NOM cough-PRF.M
Translation: Ram coughed.
Language: Literary Hindi
Transcription: Ram=ne khãs-a .
Glosses: Ram=ERG cough-PRF.M
Translation: Ram coughed (purposefully).
Language: Russian
Transcription: Ja vypil konjak-ø .
Glosses: I.NOM drink.SG.PST cognac-SG.ACC
Translation: I drank up the cognac.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Ja vypil konjak-a .
Glosses: I.NOM drink.SG.PST cognac-SG.GEN
Translation: I drank some/*the cognac.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Ja vy-pil sok .
Glosses: I.NOM drink.PST.M.SG juice.ACC.SG/NOM.SG
Translation: I drank (up) the/some juice.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Ja vypil sok-a .
Glosses: I.NOM drink.PST.M.SG juice.GEN.SG
Translation: I drank some juice.
Language: Russian
Transcription: Sok byl vypit .
Glosses: juice.NOM.SG.M AUX.PST.SG.M drink.PST.PASS.M.SG
Translation: The juice was drunk.
Language: Russian
Transcription: *Sok-a byl-o vypito .
Glosses: juice-GEN.SG.M AUX.PST.SG.N drink.PST.PASS.N.SG
Translation: [Intended meaning] ‘Some juice was drunk.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: A-li-wa-[Stemon-a .
Glosses: CL1SBJ-PST-CL2OBJ-see-FV
Translation: S/he (class 1) saw them (class 2).
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Ámá-bhayisékíl’ u-wá-níkée ó-baani)?
Glosses: CL6-bicycle 2SGSBJ-CL6OBJ-give.PRF CL2-who
Translation: Whom did you give bicycles to?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Ámá-bhayisékiili) (si-wá-níkée ábá-ntwaana).
Glosses: CL6-bicycle 1PLSBJ-CL6OBJ-give.PRF CL2-child
Translation: We gave bicycles to the children.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Ízí-vakáashi) (zí-yí-thengelée-ni) ímí-ndeni yáazo)?
Glosses: CL8-visitors CL8SBJ-CL4OBJ-buy.for.PRF-what CL4-families CL4.their
Translation: What did the visitors buy for their families?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Ízí-vakáshí zí-yí-thengelé ízí-nguubo) ímí-ndeni yáazo).
Glosses: CL8-visitors CL8SBJ-CL4OBJ-buy.for.PRF CL10-clothes CL4-families CL4.their
Translation: The visitors bought clothing for their families.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ((Ú-siipho) (ú-yí-phékéla BAANI) ín-kuukhu)?
Glosses: CL1-Sipho CL1SBJ-CL9OBJ-cook.for CL1.who CL9-chicken
Translation: Who is Sipho cooking the chicken for?
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ((Ú-síph’ ú-yí-phékél’ ÍZÍ-VAKÁASH’) ín-kuukhu).
Glosses: CL1-Sipho CL1SBJ-CL9OBJ-cook.for CL8-visitor CL9-chicken
Translation: Sipho is cooking the chicken for the visitors.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Ni-li-mw-ona mwanawe .
Glosses: 1SGSBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-see CL1.child.POSS.3SG
Translation: I saw his child.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Ni-li-zi-ona picha hizo .
Glosses: 1SGSBJ-PST-CL10OBJ-see CL10.picture CL10.those
Translation: I saw those pictures.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Chi-máangá) (á-chí-lima nyengo í-kú-bwélaa-yi) ((ndipó fóodya) (a-dzá-mú-lima nyengo ínáayo).
Glosses: CL7-maize CL1SBJ.PST-CL7OBJ-cultivate CL9.season CL9-PROG-come-CL9.REL and CL3.tobacco CL1SBJ-FUT-CL3OBJ-cultivate CL9.season CL9.next
Translation: Maize she cultivated this season, and tobacco she will cultivate next season.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Mwaná wódwálaa-yo) (á-kú-mu-téngéla ku chipataalá) (ndi ndaání).
Glosses: CL1.girl CL1.sick-CL1DEM CL1SBJ-PROG-CL1OBJ-take.to LOC CL7.hospital COP who
Translation: That sick child, (the one) taking her to the hospital is who?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (((Pa tébuuló) (wa-zí-ika) mtsíkaana) mbaale).
Glosses: LOC CL5.table CL1SBJ.PST-CL10OBJ-put CL1.girl CL10.plate
Translation: On the table, [she] put them, the girl, plates.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((((Udzuúdzú) (u-na-wá-lúmá kwámbíili) pa nyaánjá) dzuuló) a-soodzi).
Glosses: CL14.mosquito CL14SBJ-PST-CL2OBJ-bite much LOC CL9.lake yesterday CL2-fisherman
Translation: The mosquitoes bit them a lot on the lake yesterday, fishermen.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Zi-na-wá-lúma a-leenje) njúuchi).
Glosses: CL10SBJ-PST-CL2OBJ-bite CL2-hunter CL10.bee
Translation: The bees bit the hunters.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (M-zákee-yó) (a-na-mú-pátsá Málíya chóóváala).
Glosses: CL1-friend-CL1DEM CL1SBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-give CL1.Mary CL7.dress
Translation: Her friend gave Mary a dress.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Ndi zóóváala) (zi-méné a-lendó á-ná-mu-gulílá m-phunzitsii-zo).
Glosses: COP CL8.clothes CL8-REL CL2-visitor CL2SBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-buy.for CL1-teacher-CL8.REL
Translation: It is clothes that the visitors bought for the teacher.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Ti-na-kúmána nd’ áá-méné á-ná-mu-óná Báanda) dzuulo).
Glosses: we-PST1-meet with CL2-REL CL2SBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-see CL1.Banda yesterday
Translation: We met the ones who saw Banda yesterday.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Mu-ku-wá-phíkila aáná) chiyáani)?
Glosses: you-PROG-CL2OBJ-cook.for CL2.children what
Translation: What are you cooking for the children?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((U-nga-kumbukila kútí búkuu-li) a-ná-gulá-di ku Blántaayá)?
Glosses: you-can-remember that CL5.book-CL5.this CL1SBJ-PST-buy-EMPH LOC Blantyre
Translation: Can you remember whether she bought this book in Blantyre?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Chí-mánga á-líma ch-aka ch-iinó) (ndipó fódya a-dzá-líma ch-aka chá máawa).
Glosses: CL7-maize CL1SBJ.PST-cultivate CL7-season CL7.this and CL5.tobacco CL1SBJ-FUT-cultivate CL7-season CL7.of next
Translation: Maize, she will cultivate this season, and tobacco she will cultivate next season.’ (cf. )
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Kodí makáala) (u-náa-gula kuuti)?
Glosses: Q CL6.charcoal you-PST-buy where
Translation: Where did you buy charcoal?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((A-dzá-lémba máawá) káláta yópítá ku sukúulu).
Glosses: CL1SBJ-FUT-write tomorrow CL9.letter CL9.of.INF.go LOC CL5.school
Translation: S/he will write a letter to the school tomorrow.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Íinde) (ndí-ma-yímba BWINO ng’ooma).
Glosses: yes I-HAB-play well CL10.drum
Translation: Yes, indeed, I play the drums well.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((Ta-wá-gula KU MSIIKÁ) makáala).
Glosses: we.PST-CL6OBJ-buy LOC CL3.market CL6.charcoal
Translation: We bought the charcoal at the market.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (((Kodí azi-bambo a-na-nyámúla BWÁANJI) makáala) ku msiika)?
Glosses: Q CL2-man CL2.SBJ.PST-carry how CL6.charcoal LOC CL3.market
Translation: How did the men carry the charcoal to market?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (((Kodí m-tsíkana a-naká-chápá KUUTI) zóoválá zá á-máy’ aáké)?
Glosses: Q CL1-girl CL1SBJ-PST-wash where CL8.clothes CL8.of CL2-mother CL2.her
Translation: Where did the girl wash her mother’s clothes on Sunday?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((A-lendó a-méné á-ná-wa-bweretsérá m-pháatso) a-koondwa).
Glosses: CL2-visitor CL2-REL CL2SBJ-PST-CL2OBJ-bring.for CL10-gift CL2SBJ-be.happy
Translation: The visitors who they brought the gifts for are happy.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((A-lendó a-méné Bándá á-ná-wá-óná ku sukúulu) a-pìítá).
Glosses: CL2-visitor CL2-REL CL1.Banda CL1SBJ-PST-CL2OBJ-see LOC CL5.school CL2SBJ-go
Translation: The visitors who Banda saw at the school have gone.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: ((M-waná wá súkúlú a-ná-lémba káláta i-méné m-phunzitsi á-ná-weléenga) kwá a-nyúuzi).
Glosses: CL1-child CL1.of school CL1SBJ-PST-write CL9.letter CL9-REL CL1-teacher CL1SBJ-PST-read for CL2-newspaper
Translation: A student wrote the letter which the teacher read for the newspaper.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Kodí) ((u-na-mú-óná NDAÁNI) ku tchálítchi m’máawá)?
Glosses: Q 2SGSBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-see CL1.who LOC CL5.church LOC.morning
Translation: Who did you see at church in the morning?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: Q (Kodí ámáyi a-ná-m-pátsá NDANÍ ma-lalaanje)?
Glosses: _ Q CL2.mother CL2SBJ.PST-CL1OBJ-give CL1.who CL6-orange ? 
Translation: Who did mother give the oranges to?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: A ((Amáayi) (a-ná-m-pátsá NZÁAWO) ma-lalaanje).
Glosses: _ CL2.mother CL2SBJ.PST-CL1OBJ-give CL1.POSS.friend CL6-orange
Translation: Mother gave her friend the oranges.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Kálátaa-yó) (a-ná-mú-lémbera PRÍSCA).
Glosses: CL9.letter-DEM CL1SBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-write.to CL1.Prisca
Translation: That letter, the teacher wrote to Prisca.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Kodí mu-ku-fúná chiyáani)?
Glosses: Q 2SGSBJ-PROG-want CL7.what
Translation: What do you want?
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Njúuchí) (zi-na-wá-lúma a-leenje).
Glosses: CL10.bee CL10SBJ-PST-CL2OBJ-bite CL2-hunter
Translation: The bees bit the hunters.
Language: Nyanja
Transcription: (Kálátaa-yó) (a-ná-mú-lémbera PRÍISCA).
Glosses: CL9.letter-DEM CL1SBJ-PST-CL1OBJ-write.to CL1.Prisca
Translation: That letter, s/he wrote to Prisca.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Sematar na h-ua’.
Glosses: in.a.moment(IND) 1SG 2SG-hit
Translation: I’ll hit you!
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Uy ga’an u sen ma n-oma’ g-an .
Glosses: person DEM DIST money come 1SG.POSS-father 3SG-give
Translation: That person gives my father money.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Jadi hala biar kriman la pin aria’ ma ni-mian…
Glosses: so others children small FOC hold arrive come 1PL-put.at
Translation: So other people brought some small children here and gave them to us…
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Yitar ga-qau ma na-lal-an .
Glosses: road 3SG.POSS-good come 1SG-show-REAL
Translation: [You] show me the right way.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A daa n-um-bangan .
Glosses: 3SG ascend 1SG-APPL-ask.for
Translation: He comes up to ask [sth.] from me’ or ‘He comes up to ask me [for/about sth.].
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Aga’ usan kamar gom ma mai .
Glosses: all lift room(IND) inside come keep
Translation: Pick up all (of it) and keep (it) inside the room.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Bif g-oqai sen ma ga-mian .
Glosses: child 3SG.POSS-child money come 3SG-put.at
Translation: His child gave him money.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: In qap ii’ kalax gom mian .
Glosses: thing cut red basket inside put.at
Translation: A red cloth is put inside a basket.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na ga’an mar .
Glosses: 1SG 3SG take
Translation: I take it.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na n-ogai ga-uyan .
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-child 3SG-search
Translation: I’m looking for my child.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na wat ga-uyan .
Glosses: 1SG coconut 3SG-search
Translation: I’m looking for coconut(s).
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Burilak ga’an ma Sibari heer nuk ga-sar .
Glosses: clan.name 3SG come k.o.tree stem one 3SG-notice
Translation: The Burilaks noticed a Sibari tree
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: …uy quaf eran ta om qalixil ta_ a-fat mat ma , wat u ga-tane’ si…
Glosses: person grandmother that TOP inside angry TOP 3SG-foot take come coconut DIST 3SG-kick SIM
Translation: …that grandmother was angry and with (lit. taking) her foot kicked that coconut, then…
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sii’ ga’an in qap ga-tiri ba ga-wa’ la a’an dagar .
Glosses: spoon DEM thing cut 3SG-float SEQ 3SG.POSS-leaf FOC 3SG be.visible
Translation: That spoon is covered by a cloth so that [only] its round part is visible.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na gi ga’-tad .
Glosses: 1SG go 3ANIM-strike
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Na gi ga-tad .
Glosses: 1SG go 3SG-strike
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Miaag yivar ga-sii .
Glosses: yesterday dog 3SG-bite
Translation: Yesterday a dog bit him.
Language: Teiwa
Transcription: Miaag yivar ga’an sii .
Glosses: yesterday dog 3SG bite
Translation: Yesterday a dog bit HIM (not me).
Language: Abui
Transcription: Na a-ruidi .
Glosses: 1SG.AGT 2SG.PAT-wake.up.PFV
Translation: I woke you up.
Language: Abui
Transcription: Di palootang mi ne-l=bol .
Glosses: 3AGT rattan take 1SG.LOC-give=hit
Translation: He hit me with a rattan (stick).
Language: Abui
Transcription: Fanmalei no-k=yai .
Glosses: Fanmalei 1SG.REC-throw=laugh
Translation: Fanmalei laughed at me.
Language: Abui
Transcription: Ma na ee-bol .
Glosses: be.PROX 1SG.AGT 2SG.BEN-hit
Translation: Let me hit [it] for you.
Language: Abui
Transcription: Simon di noo-dik .
Glosses: Simon 3AGT 1SG.GOAL-prick
Translation: Simon is poking me.
Language: Abui
Transcription: Di kanai do bol took .
Glosses: 3AGT pili.nut PROX hit drop
Translation: He was hitting pili nuts (and) dropping [them].
Language: Abui
Transcription: Baloka ne-toku he-bol he-balasi ba…
Glosses: k.o.grass 1SG.POSS-leg 3.LOC-hit 3.LOC-beat.PFV SIM
Translation: The baloka grass hit my legs slashing them…
Language: Abui
Transcription: Maama , na mahiting he-puna yo !
Glosses: father 1SG.AGT meat 3.LOC-hold.IPFV MD.AD
Translation: Father, I will hold the meat (while you slice it)!
Language: Abui
Transcription: Di noo-puna !
Glosses: 3.AGT 1SG.GOAL-hold.IPFV
Translation: He is grabbing (groping) me!
Language: Abui
Transcription: Markus di ne-l=bol ne-l=balasa .
Glosses: M . 3SG 1SG.LOC-give=hit 1SG.LOC-give=beat.IPFV
Translation: Markus gives me a beating (lit. hits me (and) beats me).
Language: Abui
Transcription: di kawen ha-komangdii #haba de-i=bula
Glosses: 3.AGT machete 3.LOC-make.blunt.PFV but 3I.LOC-have=be.sharp
Translation: He made the knife blunt, #but it’s still sharp.
Language: Abui
Transcription: di kawen he-komangdii haba de-i=bula
Glosses: 3.AGT machete 3.LOC-make.blunt.PFV but 3I.LOC-have=be.sharp
Translation: He made the knife blunter, but it’s still sharp.
Language: Abui
Transcription: na ha-fik-i haba burook naha
Glosses: 1SG.AGT 3.PAT-pull-PFV but but not
Translation: I pulled it but it didn’t move.
Language: Abui
Transcription: na ha-fik-i haba sik naha .
Glosses: 1SG.AGT 3.PAT-pull-PFV but snap not
Translation: I pulled it but it didn’t snap.
Language: Abui
Transcription: na ha-fik-i haba dara de-yal mia .
Glosses: 1SG.AGT 3.PAT-pull-PFV but still 3I.AL-place be.in
Translation: I pulled it but it is in its place (it’s too heavy).
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Porque tú me am-as a mí ¿no es cierto ?
Glosses: because you.NOM I.ACC love-PRS.2SG ACC I not is certain
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Traj-eron a un amigo con ellos .
Glosses: bring-PFV.3PL ACC a friend with them
Translation: They brought a friend with them.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Traj-eron una maleta con ellos .
Glosses: bring-PFV.3PL a suitcase with them
Translation: They brought a suitcase with them.
Language: Spanish
Transcription: pues diz-es que me am-as
Glosses: since say-PRS.2SG COMP I.ACC love-PRS.2SG
Translation: since you say that you love me’ (15th c., Bursario, CORDE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: miémbr-a-te que por am-ar a mí … mat-aste a tres hermanos míos
Glosses: remember-IMP-2SG.REFL COMP for love-INF ACC I _ kill-PFV.2SG ACC three brothers mine
Translation: remember that for the sake of loving me […] you killed three of my brothers’ (15th c., Bursario, CORDE)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: Por cierto , que a mí me pes-a mucho de su muerte .
Glosses: of course that DAT I I.DAT grieve-PRS.3SG much of his death
Translation: Of course, I very much lament his death.’ [lit. ‘it grieves me of his death’] (1555, Espejo, CORDE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: El que a mí aquí me trux-o no es el diablo que diz-es …
Glosses: The who ACC I here I.ACC bring-PVF.3SG not is the devil that say-PRS.2SG …
Translation: The one who brought me here is not the devil as you say’ (1504, Esplandián, CORDE)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: y el visorey respond-ió: “Matar-me h-an si salg-o ." Aliaga dij-o: “Primero me matarán a mí ."
Glosses: and the viceroy answer-PVF.3SG kill.INF-I.ACC have-PRS.3PL if leave-PRS.1SG Aliaga say-PVF.3SG first I.ACC kill-FUT.3PL ACC I
Translation: and the viceroy answered: “They will kill me if I come out”. Aliaga said: “They will kill me first”.’ (1555–84, Guerras, CORDE)
Language: Spanish
Transcription: A esta Luscinda am-é , qu-ise y ador-é desde mis tiernos y primeros años , y ella me qu-iso a mí , con aquella sencillez y buen ánimo que su poca edad permitía .
Glosses: ACC this Lucinda love-PFV.1SG like-PFV.1SG and adore-PFV.1SG since my tender and first years and she.NOM I.ACC like-PFV.3SG ACC I with that simplicity and good heart that her little age allowed
Translation: I loved, cherished and adored Lucinda since my early tender years, and she loved me with the simplicity and noble heart of her youth.’ (1605, Quijote, CORDE)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: que nunca sent-imos rumor de gente y a mí me parec-ió que deb-íamos sal-ir d-el pueblo de aquella manera
Glosses: because never feel-PFV.1PL murmur of people and DAT I I.DAT seem-PFV.3SG that have-IPFV.1PL leave-INF from-the village of that manner
Translation: because we never heard voices and I thought [lit. ‘it seemed to me’] that we had to leave the village that way’ (1519–26, Cartas, CORDE)