lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: íké ídéppédép ŋ̀wèt áké áyèéyɨ̂p
Glosses: 3SG-PST.FOC 3SG-buy-NEG-buy NMLZ-write 3SG-PST.FOC 3SG-CON.FOC-steal
Translation: She didn’t BUY the book, she STOLE it.
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: ìmá ámà áfèɰé ítɔ̀k
Glosses: ima 3SG-PST 3SG-run race
Translation: Ima ran the race.
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: ìmá kpɔ́t áké áfèɰé ítɔ̀k
Glosses: ima only 3SG-PST.FOC 3SG-run race
Translation: Only Ima ran the race (not Ekpe or Akun).’/*‘Ima only ran the race (she didn’t go to the party).
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: ítɔ̀k kpɔ́t ké ìmá áké áfèɰé
Glosses: race only COMP ima 3SG-PST.FOC 3SG-run
Translation: It was only the race that Ima ran.
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: èté âkédéppé àkàrà ámà ákót ŋ̀wèt
Glosses: man 3SG-PST.FOC-buy-REL bean.cake 3SG-PST 3SG-read NMLZ-write
Translation: The man who bought the bean cake read the book.
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: èté âkédéppé àkàrà kpɔ́t áké ákót ŋ̀wèt
Glosses: man 3SG-PST.FOC-buy-REL bean.cake only 3SG-PST.FOC 3SG-read NMLZ-write
Translation: Only the man who bought the bean cake read the book (not Ima or Akun).’/*‘The man who bought the bean cake only read the book (he didn’t read the magazine/he didn’t sell the book).
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: * ìmá áké áfèɰé ítɔ̀k kpɔ́t ké
Glosses: _ ima 3SG-PST.FOC 3SG-run race only COMP
Translation: (Intended: ‘Ima only ran the race.’)
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: ǹsǒ ké (àfò) àdìádíá
Glosses: what COMP 2SG 2SG-CON.FOC-eat
Translation: What the hell are you EATING?
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: ǹsǒ ké (àfò) mméúkéúdìáɰádíá
Glosses: what COMP 2SG mmé-2SG-PST.FOC-2SG-CON.FOC-NEG-eat
Translation: What the hell didn’t you EAT?
Language: Ibibio
Transcription: éké ébɔ̀ɔ́bwɔ́t ákʌ́k kpɔ́t
Glosses: 3PL-PST.FOC 3PL-CON.FOC-borrow money only
Translation: They only BORROWED money.’ (Response to: ‘Did they steal money?’)
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngizoba nemali .
Glosses: 1SG-FUT-be with.AUG-9money
Translation: I will have money.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngizodinga imali .
Glosses: 1SG-FUT-need AUG.9money
Translation: I will need money.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: nilikuwa na nyumba .
Glosses: 1SG-PST-be with 9house
Translation: I had a house.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: nilihitaji nyumba .
Glosses: 1SG-PST-need 9house
Translation: I needed a house.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Gati naare neng'ɔɔmbe .
Glosses: 1Gati FOC-1S-REM.PST-be with-9cow
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Gati naatunire eng'ɔɔmbe .
Glosses: 1Gati FOC-1S-REM.PST-need-REM.PST 9cow
Translation: Gati needed a cow.' (remote past)
Language: Finnish
Transcription: Minulla on hänet .
Glosses: I-ADESS be.3SG him-ACC
Translation: I have him.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Gati aliitaka .
Glosses: 1Gati 1S-PST-9O-want
Translation: Gati wanted it (a house).' (remote past)
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Gati aliihitaji .
Glosses: 1Gati 1S-PST-9O-need
Translation: Gati needed it (a house).' (remote past)
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Gati alikuwa nayo .
Glosses: 1Gati 1S-PST-be with-9PRONOUN
Translation: Gati had it (a house).' (remote past)
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngizoyifuna .
Glosses: 1SG-FUT-9O-want
Translation: I will want it (money).
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngizoyidinga .
Glosses: 1SG-FUT-9O-need
Translation: I will need it (money).
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngizoba nayo .
Glosses: 1SG-FUT-be with-9PRONOUN
Translation: I will have it (money).
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Niliona kitabu ambacho Gati alinunua .
Glosses: 1sgS-PST-see 7-book comp-7REL 1Gati 1S-PST-buy
Translation: I saw the book that Gati bought.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Niliona kitabu ambacho Gati alikuwa nacho .
Glosses: 1sgS-PST-see 7-book comp-7REL 1Gati 1S-PST-be with-7PRO . 
Translation: I saw the book that Gati had.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: yimalini engizoyifuna ?
Glosses: COP-AUG.9money-what REL-1SG-FUT-9O-want
Translation: How much money will I want?
Language: Zulu
Transcription: yimalini engizoyidinga ?
Glosses: COP-AUG.9money-what REL-1SG-FUT-9O-need
Translation: How much money will I need?
Language: Zulu
Transcription: yimalini engizoba nayo ?
Glosses: COP-AUG.9money-what REL-1SG-FUT-be with-9PRONOUN
Translation: How much money will I have?
Language: Zulu
Transcription: yimalini engizoyiba na(yo)?
Glosses: COP-AUG.9money-what REL-1SG-FUT-9O-be with-(9PRONOUN)
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ubhuthi engihamba naye (u)nguSipho .
Glosses: AUG.1brother REL-1SG-go with-1PRONOUN (1S)-COP-AUG.1Sipho
Translation: The guy I'm going with is Sipho.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ubhuthi engikhuluma nga ye u zo ba (ng) umongameli .
Glosses: AUG.1br REL-1SG-speak INSTR 1PRO 1S FUT be (COP) AUG.1president
Translation: The guy who I'm talking about will be president.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: mwanafunzi ninayeenda naye ni Gati .
Glosses: 1-student 1SG-PRES-9REL-go with-1PRONOUN is 1Gati
Translation: The student who I'm going with is Gati.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: mtu ninayezungumza naye atakuwa rais .
Glosses: 1-person 1SG-PRES-9REL-converse with-1PRONOUN 1S-FUT-be 9president
Translation: The person who I'm talking to will be president.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngibona umuntu .
Glosses: 1SG-see AUG-1person
Translation: I see someone/the person.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: Angiboni muntu .
Glosses: NEG-1SG-see-NEG 1person
Translation: I don't see anybody.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: ngidinga imali .
Glosses: 1SG-need AUG-9money
Translation: I need money.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: Angidingi mali .
Glosses: NEG-1SG-need-NEG 9money
Translation: I don't need any money.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: nginemali .
Glosses: 1SG-with.AUG-9money
Translation: I have money.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: Angina mali .
Glosses: NEG-1SG-with 9money
Translation: I don't have any money.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: uMfundo udlala ibhola nomuntu .
Glosses: AUG-1Mfundo 1S-play AUG-5ball NA.AUG-1person
Translation: Mfundo is playing soccer with someone/the person.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: uMfundo akadlali namuntu ibhola .
Glosses: AUG-1Mfundo NEG-1S-play-NEG NA-1person AUG-5ball
Translation: Mfundo isn't playing soccer with anyone.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: uSipho uzopheka ukudla kwazingane/ *kwezingane .
Glosses: AUG-1Sipho 1S-FUT-cook AUG.15food KWA-10child/ *KWA.AUG-10child
Translation: Sipho will cook food for the children.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: uSipho uzothumela imali kubantwana .
Glosses: AUG-1Sipho 1S-FUT-send.APPL AUG.9money KU-2child
Translation: Sipho will send money to the children
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: John alolekhana mbo kaakwa .
Glosses: 1John 1S-seems that 1S-PST-fell
Translation: John seems like he fell/John seems to have fallen.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Inawezakana (*kwa) Maiko kumpigia Tegani simu .
Glosses: 9S-PRES-possible (*for) 1Michael inf-O-beat-APPL-FV 1Tegan 9phone
Translation: It is possible for Michael to call Tegan.
Language: Kinshasa Lingala
Transcription: Joe a somb aki mutuka mbula eleki .
Glosses: Joe 1pssva buy rec.pst car year past
Translation: Joe bought a car last year.
Language: Manipuri
Transcription: ǝy mabu ude
Glosses: I him-ACC see-NEG(NFUT)
Translation: I did not see him.
Language: Manipuri
Transcription: phi ǝdu ŋaŋde
Glosses: cloth that red-NEG(NFUT)
Translation: That cloth is not red.
Language: Seneca
Transcription: tkanӧhso:tø
Glosses: CIS-N.SG.AGT-building-upright-STA
Translation: The house there,
Language: Seneca
Transcription: kanöhsastë:
Glosses: N.SG.AGT-building-big-STA
Translation: it was a big house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: rumita rikaa
Glosses: stone-ACC 1SG.see
Translation: I see a/the stone.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: hatunta rikaa
Glosses: big-ACC 1SG-see
Translation: I see a/the big (one).
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: babaana bataru bange baabofu be liiria baakona bano
Glosses: 2-2-person 2-three 2-mine 2.2-big of 5.5-respect 2.REL-sleep-FV 2-DEM
Translation: these three big respectful children of mine who are sleeping
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: omundu omubofu
Glosses: 1-1-person 1-1-big
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: babandu baabofu
Glosses: 2-2-person 2.2-big
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: kumusala kumubofu
Glosses: 3-3-tree 3-3-big
Translation: big tree
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: kimisala kimibofu
Glosses: 4-4-tree 4-4-big
Translation: big trees
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: liliino liibofu
Glosses: 5-5-tooth 5.5-big
Translation: big tooth
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: kameeno kamabofu
Glosses: 6-6-tooth 6-6-big
Translation: big teeth
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: sisyuma siibofu
Glosses: 7-7-bead 7.7-big
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: bibyuma biibofu
Glosses: 8.8-bead 8.8-big
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: endika embofu
Glosses: 9-9-bicycle 9-9-big
Translation: big bicycle
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: chindika chimbofu
Glosses: 10-10-bicycle 10-10-big
Translation: big bicycles
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: luluichi luubofu
Glosses: 11-11-river 11.11-big
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: chinjichi chimbofu
Glosses: 10-10-river 10-10-big
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Ombofu oyu asiima omwana wewe .
Glosses: 1-1-blind DEM-1 1-PRS-love-FV 1-1-child his/hers
Translation: That blind person loves his/her child.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Baatambi baasabanga byaakhulya .
Glosses: 2.2-poor 2-PRS-beg-HAB-FV 8.8-food
Translation: The poor usually beg for food.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Kumuleeyi kwafuniikhe .
Glosses: 3-3-tall 3-PST-break-FV
Translation: The tall (one) broke.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Liliimbi lyaakwa .
Glosses: 5-5-short 5-PST-fall-FV
Translation: The short (one) fell.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula aayetanga baatambi .
Glosses: 1.Wafula 1-PRS-help-HAB-FV 2.2-poor
Translation: Wafula usually helps the poor.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Mayi aakulile lii .bofu .
Glosses: Mother 1-PST-buy-ASP-FV 5.5-big
Translation: Mother bought the big (one).
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula aara siibofu khumesa .
Glosses: Wafula 1-PST-put-FV 7.7-big on.PRF-table
Translation: Wafula put the big (one) on the table.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula aara siitabu khumubofu .
Glosses: Wafula 1-PST-put-FV 7.7-book 17-17-big
Translation: Wafula put the book on the big one.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: omusoreri omuleyi
Glosses: 1-1-boy 1-1-tall
Translation: the/a tall boy
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: omuleyi omusoreri
Glosses: 1-1-tall 1-1-boy
Translation: (Intended: ‘the/a tall boy’)
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: kumusala kumuleeyi
Glosses: 3-3-tree 3-3-tall
Translation: the/a tall tree
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: kumuleyi kumusala
Glosses: 3-3-tall 3-3-tree
Translation: (Intended: ‘the/a tall tree’)
Language: English
Transcription: Wafula aasangalile .
Glosses: Wafula 1-PRS-happy-ASP-FV
Translation: Wafula is happy.
Language: English
Transcription: Wafula aasulunye .
Glosses: Wafula 1-PRS-sad-FV
Translation: Wafula is sad.
Language: English
Transcription: Wafula aaleile .
Glosses: Wafula 1-PRS-tall-ASP-FV
Translation: Wafula has become tall.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula omusangafu
Glosses: Wafula 1-1-happy
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Kumusala kumuleyi
Glosses: 3-3-tree 3-3-tall
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Kumusala kwaleile .
Glosses: 3-3-tree SA-PRS-tall-ASP-FV
Translation: The tree has become tall.’ (Stage-level)
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula ali omusangafu .
Glosses: Wafula 1-be 1-1-happy
Translation: Wafula is a happy person.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Kumusala kuli kumuleyi .
Glosses: 3-3-tree 3-be 3-3-tall
Translation: The tree is tall.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula alasaangala
Glosses: Wafula 1-FUT-happy-FV
Translation: Wafula will be happy today.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula akhasaangale
Glosses: Wafula 1-FUT-happy-FV
Translation: Wafula will be happy tomorrow/next week.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula alisaangala
Glosses: Wafula 1-FUT-happy-FV
Translation: Wafula will be happy sometime in the remote future.
Language: Bukusu
Transcription: Wafula aasaangala
Glosses: Wafula 1-PST-happy-FV
Translation: Wafula was happy a long time ago.
Language: Beria
Transcription: *Ai=gu suk=tu hirigí .
Glosses: 1S=ERG market=DAT run-1SG.A-PFV
Translation: It was I who ran to the market.’ (TAA)
Language: Beria
Transcription: *Ai=gu surgí .
Glosses: 1S=ERG exit-1SG.A-PFV
Translation: It was I who left.’ (TAA)
Language: Arabic
Transcription: ɟàmâl=dɪ àrmá Ø:áwáár̩ɪ .
Glosses: Jamal=FOCABS Arabic OJ:3:learn-SJ:3-PFV
Translation: It’s Jamal who has learnt Arabic.
Language: Arabic
Transcription: Bur=do=gu kana tene sai=gino . O gie=i .
Glosses: boy=that=ERG NEG.PFV girl hit=3.A.PFV-AUX-NEG person other=COPPR
Translation: It wasn’t that boy that hit the girl. It was someone else.’ (TAA)
Language: Arabic
Transcription: Bur=gu kana tene sai=gino=ru , tene=gu .
Glosses: boy=ERG NEG.PFV girl hit=3.A.PFV-AUX-NEG=CONJ girl=ERG
Translation: It wasn’t that the boy that hit the girl. The girl hit the boy.’ (TAA)
Language: Beria
Transcription: genîa ha Sharq al Jabal hie=ru Yara=ra Nimra=ra Dalma=ra genîa=kî=ra , oo toûra malishat hakuma=ru tabi begî=gu awe gami=giníí .
Glosses: villages Mt . Sharq al Jebel direction=LOC Yara=CONJ Nimra=CONJ Dalma=CONJ villages=these=CONJ person:PL armed militia government=DAT affiliated this=ERG go.3A.PL-CVB ambush=3A.PFV:AUX:PL
Translation: The villages around Mt. Sharq al Jebel – Yara, Nimra, and Dalma – these villages too, these armed government-affiliated militiamen(=ERG) went and ambushed.
Language: Beria
Transcription: bɪɛ kí=dî ábā égí=gú Ø:síér̩î .
Glosses: house this=FOCABS father my=FOCERG OJ:3:build-PFV:3-SJ:3-PFV
Translation: It’s this house that my father has built.
Language: Beria
Transcription: …genî=gi kerigi oo jii=gu , “Tardasine baa=ru ere je korekk=tu ba=gi je oûdí ,” gine kîíí .
Glosses: village=this within person:PL COPLOC.3:PL=ERG 1PL.P-come.together-CVB hand:PL=INS again PROG spade:PL=INS mine=this PROG dig-1PL.A-PFV 3.A.PFV-say-CVB 3.A.PFV-say-PFV:PL
Translation: … the people who are in this village said, “We are coming together and we are digging this mine out with our hands, and again with spades.”
Language: Bunaba
Transcription: bágâ tɔgʊɛ ɟɪɪ gɪnɛ , bɛr=gʊ tɛbɪ gɪnɪ .
Glosses: millet:PL RV-scatter-3:SJ:CVB1 LC:3:AFF:P SUB PP:3=FOC1 take:IMP PRF:3-say-3:SJ:AFF:PRF
Translation: Since the millet had been scattered, he said: “Take it!”’
Language: Bunaba
Transcription: o wakil_amin_alam iga Umam_al_Muttahida hifz_al_salaam kî tirogo Hervé Ladsous gine_îrì , [o=kî=gu er kîí]=gi , [“…”] gine_kîí .
Glosses: person Undersecretary.General mission United.Nations peacekeeping GEN name-3SG.POSS Hervé Ladsous is.called person=this=ERG REL.PR 3A.PFV-say-PFV.SG=REL [“…”] he.said
Translation: The UN Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping, whose name is Hervé Ladsous, what this person said: [“”], he said.’ [5/1, 5.1]
Language: Beria
Transcription: Tene [bur=gu kidigarí]=do karí .
Glosses: girl boy=ERG PFV.3-love-PFV.3-3.SG-PFV:SG=that come-3.A-PFV:SG
Translation: The girl [that the boy loves] came.’ (TAA)
Language: Beria
Transcription: O keserì=gi Tayiba Abdelkarim Abdul=di .
Glosses: person speak-3A-IPFV.SG=REL Tayiba Abdelkarim Abdul=COPSP.3
Translation: The person who is speaking is Tayiba Abdelkarim Abdul.
Language: Beria
Transcription: ǧǐm=dō .
Glosses: owl=IC-NEG
Translation: It’s not an owl.’ (J&C 2004: 101) (compare 23)
Language: Beria
Transcription: O arabie kidí=do ber=do kire=ego=di .
Glosses: person car 3.A:have:PFV:SG=REL 3S=COPSP-NEG brother=3SG.POSS=COPSP
Translation: The person who has a car is not him; it is his older brother.’ (TAA)
Language: Beria
Transcription: gʊʊ=ɪ ɪà ɟàá=r Ø:kɛkkɪ .
Glosses: paste=COP.SG.ABS mother child=ADV OJ:3:give:SJ:3-PFV
Translation: It’s paste that the mother has given to the child.
Language: Beria
Transcription: sàgʊr tɛnɛ tɛbɪɛr̩ɛ
Glosses: jackal girl take-PRF:3-3:SJ-CVB1
Translation: a jackal took a girl, then…’
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Kizito asinga Kato obukulu
Glosses: Kizito nc1-exceed Kato aug-nc14-old
Translation: Kizito is older than Kato.
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Kizito mukulu okusinga Kato
Glosses: Kizito nc1-old aug-nc15-exceed Kato
Translation: Kizito is older than Kato.
Language: English
Transcription: obuwanvu bua eNmeeza businga obugazi buayo
Glosses: aug-nc14-long nc14-gen aug-nc9-table nc14-exceed aug-nc14-wide nc14-poss
Translation: The table's length exceeds its width.
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Charlotte aasinga Rita okuwandiika amabaluwa
Glosses: Charlotte nc1-pst-exceed Rita aug-nc15-write aug-nc6-letter
Translation: Charlotte wrote more letters than Rita.
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Charlotte aawandiika amabaluwa okusinga Rita
Glosses: Charlotte nc1-pst-write aug-nc6-letter aug-nc15-exceed Rita
Translation: Charlotte wrote more letters than Rita.
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Charlotte ku mande aasinga Rita ku lw'okubiri okuwandiika amabaluwa amangi
Glosses: Charlotte loc Monday nc1-pst-exceed R loc Tuesday aug-nc15-write aug-nc6-letter aug-nc6-many
Translation: Intended: `Charlotte wrote more letters on Monday than Rita wrote on Tuesday.' MAIN VERB
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Charlotte aawandiika amabaluwa mangi ku mande okusinga Rita ku lw'okubiri
Glosses: Charlotte nc1-pst-write aug-nc6-letter nc6-many loc Monday aug-nc15-exceed Rita loc Tuesday
Translation: Intended: `Charlotte wrote more letters on Monday than Rita wrote on Tuesday.' subordinate
Language: Ganda
Transcription: obuwanvu bua eNmeeza businga obugazi buayo
Glosses: aug-nc14-long nc14-gen aug-nc9-table nc14-exceed aug-nc14-wide nc14-poss
Translation: The table's length exceeds its width.
Language: Ganda
Transcription: obuwanvu bua Lydia bue wunyisa
Glosses: AUG-NC14-tall NC14-GEN Lydia NC14-CLEFT surprise
Translation: Lydia's height is surprising.
Language: Ganda
Transcription: Baazizako YMCA .
Glosses: 3PL.add.int.pst-part YMCA
Translation: Then they played YMCA.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Iching’iti *(n)chaaitire egetoocho .
Glosses: 10-hyena (FOC-)10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 7-rabbit
Translation: The hyenas killed the rabbit.
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: Neng’we aagambere iga gati *(n)aahaye umwigia egetabo .
Glosses: FOC-who SA-PST-say-PRF-FV COMP 1.Gati FOC-3SG.SA-PST-give-APPL.PRF-FV 1-teacher 5-book
Translation: Who said that Gati gave the teacher a book?
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: *(N)ke (*n)geitire egetoocho ?
Glosses: (FOC-)what (FOC-)SA-kill-PRF-FV 7-rabbit
Translation: What killed the rabbits?
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: *(N)ke iching’iti (*n)chaaitire ?
Glosses: (FOC-)what 10-hyena (FOC-)10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: What did the hyenas kill?
Language: Kuria
Transcription: *(N)iching’iti (*n)chaaitire egetoocho .
Glosses: (FOC-)10-hyena (FOC-)10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 7-rabbit
Translation: THE HYENAS killed the rabbit.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: *(N)egetoocho iching’iti (*n)chaaitire .
Glosses: (FOC-)7-rabbit 10-hyena (FOC-)10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: The hyenas killed THE RABBIT.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Iching’iti *(n)egetoocho (*n)chaaitire .
Glosses: 10-hyena (FOC-)7-rabbit (FOC-)10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: The hyenas killed THE RABBIT.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Iching’iti chaaitire (*n)egetoocho .
Glosses: 10-hyena 10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV (FOC-)7-rabbit
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘The hyenas killed THE RABBIT.’)
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: Gati nomoreri .
Glosses: 1.Gati N-1-doctor
Translation: Gati is a doctor.
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: Gati tomoreri .
Glosses: 1.Gati T-1-doctor
Translation: Gati is not a doctor.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A3: #Iching’iti nchaaitire egetoocho .
Glosses: _ 10-hyena FOC-10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 7-rabbit
Translation: The hyenas killed the rabbit.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Q: Nke iching’iti chaaitire ?
Glosses: _ FOC-what 10-hyena 10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: What did the hyenas kill?
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: Negetoocho iching’iti chaaitire .
Glosses: _ FOC-7-rabbit 10-hyena 10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: The hyenas killed THE RABBIT.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Niching’iti chaaitire egetoocho .
Glosses: _ FOC-10-hyena 10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 7-rabbit
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘They hyenas killed THE RABBIT.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: Nomoonto aareye amayembe .
Glosses: _ FOC-1-person 1SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV 6-mango
Translation: SOMEONE ate mangoes.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Namayembe omoonto aareye .
Glosses: _ FOC-6-mango 1-person 1SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intened meaning: ‘SOMEONE ate mangoes.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Nkomesa naamahere ikjoora .
Glosses: _ FOC-on-17.table 1SG.SA-PST-see-PRF-FV 9-frog
Translation: I saw the frog ON THE TABLE.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Nkomesa gati umwiti aramaahe .
Glosses: _ FOC-on-17.table 1.Gati 3-owl 3SG.SA-FUT-see-FV
Translation: Gati will see the owl ON THE TABLE.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Mbongo chacha aanyoye ichaahe .
Glosses: _ FOC-quickly 1.Chacha 3SG.SA-PST-drink.PRF-FV 8-chai
Translation: Chacha drank the chai QUICKLY.
Language: English
Transcription: ?Nichaahe aanyoye .
Glosses: FOC-8-chai 3SG.SA-PST-drink.PRF-FV
Translation: He DRANK CHAI.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: #Nokoria amaako bareye .
Glosses: FOC-15-eat 6-fruit 3PL.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘They ATE FRUITS.’)
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: Q: Nke gati aakorre .
Glosses: _ FOC-what 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-do.PRF-FV
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: A: Naanyoye ichaahe .
Glosses: _ FOC-3SG.SA-PST-drink.PRF-FV 8-chai
Translation: He DRANK CHAI.
Language: Kikuyu
Transcription: A1: Gati naaitire amasiisi .
Glosses: _ Gati FOC-3SG.SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 6-ant
Translation: Gati killed ants.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Namasiisi gati aaitire .
Glosses: _ FOC-6-ant 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘Gati killed ants.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Mbaagurri inyamu .
Glosses: _ FOC-3PL.SA-PST-sell.PRF-FV 9-cat
Translation: They sold the cat.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: B: Aʔa , mbaagisirri .
Glosses: _ no, FOC-3PL.SA-PST-9OM-lose.PRF-FV
Translation: No, they LOST it.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: C: #Aʔa , ninyamu baasirri .
Glosses: _ no, FOC-9-cat 3PL.SA-PST-lose.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘No, they LOST the cat.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Aʔa , nchaaitire inchage .
Glosses: no, FOC-10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 9-zebra
Translation: No, they killed a ZEBRA.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Iching’iti nchaaitire egetoocho .
Glosses: _ 10-hyena FOC-10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV 7-rabbit
Translation: The hyenas killed the rabbit.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: B: Aʔa , ninchage chaaitire .
Glosses: _ no, FOC-9-zebra 10SA-PST-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: No, they killed the ZEBRA.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Chacha naagorre iindwi , na gati naagurri iindwi .
Glosses: 1.Chacha FOC-3SG.SA-PST-buy.PRF-FV 9-lion and 1.Gati FOC-3SG.SA-PST-sell.PRF-FV 9-lion
Translation: Chacha bought a lion and Gati SOLD a lion.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Chacha naagorre inyamu , na gati niindwi aagorre .
Glosses: 1.Chacha FOC-3SG.SA-PST-buy.PRF-FV 9-cat and 1.Gati FOC-9-lion 3SG.SA-PST-buy.PRF-FV
Translation: Chacha bought a cat and Gati bought a LION.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Mbaatanera gokorekeera amageena bene .
Glosses: FOC-3PL.SA-PST-protest-PRF-FV by-15-throw 6-stone only
Translation: They only PROTESTED BY THROWING ROCKS.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Ninswi inyene baatareye .
Glosses: FOC-9-fish 9-only 3PL.SA-PST-NEG-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: They only didn’t eat FISH.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Nibara chonesi aageye .
Glosses: FOC-9-wild 1.Johnes 3SA-PST-go.PRF-FV
Translation: Johnes went INTO THE WILD.’ ~ ‘Johnes did something completely unexpected.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Neng’we aitire (*n)ke ?
Glosses: FOC-who SA-kill-PRF-FV FOC-what
Translation: Who killed what?
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Nimiiti geno chonesi aaroche .
Glosses: _ FOC-4-owl 4-this 1.Johnes 3SG.SA-PST-see.PRF-FV
Translation: Johnes saw THESE OWLS.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Imiiti ngeno chonesi aaroche .
Glosses: _ 4-owl FOC-4-this 1.Johnes 3SG.SA-PST-see.PRF-FV
Translation: Johnes saw THESE OWLS.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: Nihuuburia eno batanchere .
Glosses: _ FOC-9-rhino 9-this 3PL.SA-PST-like-PRF-FV
Translation: They liked this RHINOCEROS.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Ihuuburia neno baatanchere .
Glosses: _ 9-rhino FOC-9-this 3PL.SA-PST-like-PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘They liked this RHINOCEROS.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: Nirichabati re gati aareye .
Glosses: _ FOC-5-chapati 5.ASSOC 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: He ate Gati’s CHAPATI.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Irichabati nere gati aareye .
Glosses: _ 5-chapati FOC-5.ASSOC 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘He ate Gati’s CHAPATI.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: #Nubukima bo gati aareye .
Glosses: _ FOC-14-ugali 14.ASSOC 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘He ate GATI’s ugali.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: Ubukima nobo gati aareye .
Glosses: _ 14-ugali FOC-14.ASSOC 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: He ate GATI’S ugali.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ubukima bo ngati aareye .
Glosses: 14-ugali 14.ASSOC FOC-1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘He ate GATI’s ugali.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Nubukima nobo gati aareye .
Glosses: FOC-14-ugali FOC-14.ASSOC 1.Gati 3SG.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘He ate Gati’s ugali.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: Mbaareye amaako .
Glosses: _ FOC-3PL.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV 6-fruit
Translation: They ATE FRUITS.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Nokoria amaako baareye .
Glosses: _ FOC-15-eat 6-fruit 3PL.SA-PST-eat-PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘They ATE FRUITS.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: E , nokoria amaako baareye .
Glosses: _ yes, FOC-15-eat 6-fruit 3PL.SA-PST-eat.PRF-FV
Translation: Yes, they DID eat fruits.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Bareye omogate .
Glosses: _ 3PL.SA-eat.PRF-FV 3-bread
Translation: They just ATE BREAD.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Mbareye omogate .
Glosses: _ FOC-3PL.SA-eat-PRF.FV 3-bread
Translation: They DID just eat bread.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Umwarimu ora (*n)aagiyere .
Glosses: _ 1-teacher 1.who (FOC-)3SG.SA-PST-march-PRF-FV
Translation: The teacher who MARCHED.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Q: Neng’we aitire (*n)ke ?
Glosses: _ FOC-who SA-kill-PRF-fv (FOC-)what
Translation: Who killed what?
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A1: Mboke aitire igisiisi .
Glosses: _ FOC-1.Boke 3SG.SA-kill-PRF-FV 7-ant
Translation: Boke killed ANTS.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A2: #Nigisiisi boke aitire .
Glosses: _ FOC-7-ant 1.Boke 3SG.SA-kill-PRF-FV
Translation: (Intended meaning: ‘BOKE killed ANTS.’)
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Abasaacha tebaamahere eng’ombe .
Glosses: 2-man NEG.FOC-3PL.SA-PST-see-PRF-FV 9-cow
Translation: The men did not SEE THE COW.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: A:, *(t)abasaacha (*m)baamahere eng’ombe .
Glosses: _ no, NEG.FOC-2-man (FOC-)3PL.SA-PST-see-PRF-FV 9-cow
Translation: It was not THE MEN who saw the cow.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: Tebaagiyire bene .
Glosses: NEG-FOC-3PL.SA-PST-march-PRF-FV only
Translation: They did not only MARCH.
Language: Kuria
Transcription: A: Mbataare egeeki .
Glosses: _ FOC-3PL.SA-NEG.FUT-eat-FV 5-cake
Translation: They will not EAT THE CAKE.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Msichana yule] aliingia .
Glosses: [1.girl 1.DIST.DEM 1.SM-PST-enter
Translation: That girl entered.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Yule msichana] aliingia .
Glosses: [1.DIST.DEM 1.girl 1.SM-PST-enter
Translation: That girl entered.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Njoo umpatie [kijana huyu] [maji ya kunywa].
Glosses: come 2SG-OM-get-APPL-IMP teenager PROX.DEM water of drinking
Translation: Come and give this teenager some water to drink.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Yule bwana] unamuona: Mzalamo yule ?
Glosses: [DIST.DEM person 2SG-PRS-OM-see-FV Zaramo DIST.DEM
Translation: Do you see that person: is he a Zamoro (ethnic community)?
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Alipofika kwa [mzee Malongo], [mzee yule] akashangaa .
Glosses: SM-PST-when-arrive-FV at old.man Malongo old.man DIST.DEM SM-SEQ-surprise
Translation: When he (Kiliilo) arrived at mzee Malongo’s home, that old man (Malongo) was surprised (to see him).
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Ukivuka bahari saba , kuna [chewa]i mkubwa .
Glosses: 2SG-COND-cross seas seven, 17SM-be grouper big
Translation: If you cross the seven seas, there is a grouper (type of fish).
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Chewa huyu]i akivuta pumzi
Glosses: [1grouper this 1SM-COND-breath air
Translation: When this grouper is breathing…
Language: Wiraféd
Transcription: [Huyu Juma] kashindwa kukutunza .
Glosses: [PROX.DEM Juma SM.PRF-defeat-FV INF-OM-take.care-FV
Translation: This Juma has failed to provide for you.
Language: Wiraféd
Transcription: Kumbe [yule mtu mweupe] ambaye alikuwa amenusurika kuuawa na wenyeji
Glosses: INTJ DIST.DEM man white COMP-REL SM-AUX SM-PERF-save-STV-FV INF-kill-pass-FV by natives
Translation: Alas, that white man who had escaped being killed by the natives …
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Mjumbe] wa tano alipotakikana ,
Glosses: [messenger of fifth SM-PST-when-want-STV-RECP-FV
Translation: When the call for the fifth messenger was made,
Language: Swahili
Transcription: alitokea bila ya ajizi
Glosses: SM-PST-appear-FV without of fail
Translation: he came forth without fail.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Mjumbe huyu] alikuwa Ridhaa .
Glosses: [messenger PROX.DEM SM-PST-AUX Ridhaa
Translation: This messenger was Ridhaa.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Mtu wa pili kukutana naye alikuwa [mzee].
Glosses: person of second INF-meet-RECP-FV with-3SG SM-PST-AUX old.man
Translation: The second person to meet me was an old man.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Mzee huyu] alikuwa akipeleka ng’ombe wake mtoni .
Glosses: [old.man PROX.DEM SM-PST-AUX SM-IPFV-take cows his river-LOC
Translation: This old man was taking his cows to the river.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Mbele yangu kulikuwa bado watu wawili [yule mzee] na [msichana mmoja].
Glosses: in.front POSS-1SG LOC17-PST-AUX still people two DIST.DEM old.man and girl one
Translation: In front of me, there were still two people remaining, that old man and one girl.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: [Msichana huyu], aliyekuwa bado ameweka kitambaa
Glosses: [girl PROX.DEM SM-PST-REL-AUX still SM-PRF-put handkercheif
Translation: This girl, who still had a handkercheif placed …
Language: English
Transcription: Huyu kondoo tumpeleke kwa Mfalme Ndevu .
Glosses: PROX.DEM sheep 1PL-OM-take-IMP to King Ndevu
Translation: This sheep, let us take her to King Ndevu.
Language: English
Transcription: Mfalme akimpata kondoo huyu atafurahi sana .
Glosses: King SM-SBJV-OM-get-FV sheep PROX.DEM SM-FUT-happy very
Translation: If the King gets this sheep, he will be very happy.
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Adili alipotaka kuingia ndani ,
Glosses: Adili SM-PST-when-want INF-enter inside
Translation: When Adili was about to go inside (the house),
Language: Swahili
Transcription: aliona [mtu] amesimama mlangoni
Glosses: SM-PST-see person SM-PRF-stand door-LOC
Translation: he saw a person standing at the door …
Language: Swahili
Transcription: Adili alidhani [mtu yule] alikuwa bawabu .
Glosses: Adili SM-PST-assume person DIST.DEM SM-PST-AUX security.officer
Translation: Adili thought that the person was a security officer.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ bʊ́ʊ́gá
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF goat-CL12
Translation: I see a goat.’ (AT_20140605)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ bʊ́ʊ́gã́
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF goat-CL12-ã
Translation: I see the goat.’ (that we talked about); or ‘I see the goat.’ (as opposed to seeing something else); or ‘I see the goat.’ (as opposed to not seeing the elephant) (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ wóbgò
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF elephant-CL15
Translation: I see an elephant.’ (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ wóbgà
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF elephant-CL15-à
Translation: I see the elephant (that we talked about).’ (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ wóbgã̀
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF elephant-CL15-ã
Translation: I see the elephant.’ (as opposed to seeing something else); or ‘I see the elephant.’ (as opposed to not seeing the elephant) (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à=músá nɛ́ àlì yàà kàràmbíísì
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN and PN COP-AFF student-CL13
Translation: Moussa and Ali are students.’ (AT_2014-02-25_NominalPreds_Existential, Ex.3)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbs ríddà tɪ̀ɪ̀sè
Glosses: elephant-CL13 eat-PROG-AFF tree-CL13
Translation: Elephants eat trees.’ (general) (AT_2014-05-21_nasality, Ex.1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbs ríddà tɪ̀ɪ̀s dár fã́ã̀
Glosses: elephant-CL13 eat-PROG-AFF tree-CL13 day-CL5 all
Translation: Elephants eat trees all the time.’ (general) (AT_2014-05-28)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ mɔ̀ɔ̀dó lá tɪ̀ɪ̀sé
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF bush-CL21 and tree-CL13
Translation: I see bushes and trees.’ (AT_2014-01-13_WomanDonkeyCart_Text Ex.17)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ráwá yàà kàràmbíígà
Glosses: man-a COP-AFF student-CL12
Translation: The man is a student.’ (AT_2014-02-11_PropertyPredicates, Ex.25)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à=músà ká kàràmbíígà yè
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN NEG student-CL12-a CFN
Translation: Moussa is not the student (we talked about).’ (AT_2014-03-11_NominalPredicates, Ex.39)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fò yàà kàràmbííg là ?
Glosses: 2SG.SUBJ COP-AFF student-CL12 Q
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à=músá ká kàràmbííg yè
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN NEG student-CL12 CFN
Translation: Moussa is not a student.’ (AT_2014-02-25_NominalPreds_Existential, Ex.1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nù(g) kángá yàà bédrè
Glosses: hand DEM-CL12-a COP-AFF big-CL5
Translation: This hand is big.’ (KB_20140224_08_Noun-phrase, Ex.2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kòr bɛ́dà yììb kã́ĩsá yàà pɛ́ɛ̀lsè
Glosses: bag big-a two DEM-CL13-DEF COP-AFF white-CL13
Translation: These two big bags are white.’ (KB_20140224_08_Noun-phrase, Ex.29)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: súg ròòdá kwèlàms yàà rààdó
Glosses: thatch-CL15 house-CL21-a door-CL13 COP-AFF wood-CL21
Translation: The thatch house doors are (made of) wood.’ (AT_2014-01-13_Women-carrying-pots-on-head_Text Ex.10-11)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: fɪ́lmà sɪ́ŋrè
Glosses: film-a start-CL5
Translation: Aat the start of the film’ (Pear Story, Ln1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ págá bwàngá ʃárétè lá rààdó
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF woman-CL1 donkey-CL12 cart and wood-CL21
Translation: I see a woman, a donkey, a cart and wood.’ (AT_2014-01-13_WomanDonkeyCart_Text Ex.1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à yã́kd̀ tɪ̀ bíísì
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ pick-PROG tree baby-CL13
Translation: He was picking fruit…’ (Pear Story, Ln3-a)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: á ká zó ʃárétà yé
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ NEG stand cart-DEF CFN
Translation: She is not on the cart.’ (AT_2014-01-13_WomanDonkeyCart_Text Ex.7)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tɪ̀ bíísà wɛ́ndà gwèyáàbè
Glosses: tree baby-CL13-DEF resemble-PROG guava
Translation: The fruits look like guava.’ (Pear Story, Ln3-b)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbs yàà bɛ́dà
Glosses: elephant-CL13 COP-AFF big-CL6
Translation: Elephants are big.’ (in general) (AT_2014-05-21_nasality, Ex.1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbg yàà bédré
Glosses: elephant-CL12 COP-AFF big-CL5
Translation: The elephant is a big animal.’ (Lit. ‘Elephant is big.’) (AT_2014-05-21_nasality, Ex.4)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à=músá yàà kàràmbíígà
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN COP-AFF student-CL12
Translation: Moussa is a student.’ (AT_2014-02-25_NominalPreds_Existential Ex.1)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: ráàmà yàà tóógó
Glosses: drink-CL22-DEF COP-AFF bitter-CL15
Translation: The drink is bitter.’ (KB_20140127_04_Non-verbal-clauses, Ex.5)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm rá yàà bédrè
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ PST COP-AFF big-CL5
Translation: I was/had been big/fat.’ (MO_20140205_Session_5, Ex.12)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: tónd rá yàà bɛ́dà
Glosses: 1PL.SUBJ PST COP-AFF big-CL6
Translation: We were/had been big/fat.’ (based on MO_20140205_Session_5)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: bííg hã́ zɔ̀ wèèfó rà pyógdá tɪ̀ɪ̀gá sɛ̀ɛ̀gá
Glosses: child-CL12 REL stand bicycle-CL19 PST PASS-PROG-AFF tree-CL12-DEF side-CL12
Translation: A kid who was sitting on a bicycle passed by the tree.’ (Pear Story, Ln22-23)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: tɪ=á wèèfá tɔ́ɔ̀r tɪ̀ zùm kúgrì wèèfá hã́ zùm kúgrà wèèfá lwɪ́ɪ̀ mɛ̀
Glosses: CONN=3SG bicycle-CL19-DEF front-CL5 CONN sit rock-CL5 bicycle-CL19-DEF REL sit rock-CL5-DEF bicycle-CL19-DEF fall-AFF CF
Translation: Then the front of his bicycle was on a rock. When the bicycle was on the rock, it fell down.’ (Pear Story, Ln40-44)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à=músá nɛ́ àlì yàà kàràmbíísà
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN and PN COP-AFF student-CL13-DEF
Translation: Moussa and Ali are the students (that the speaker and listener know about).’ (AT_2014-06-04)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbsà yàà bɛ́dà
Glosses: elephant-CL13-DEF COP-AFF big-CL6
Translation: The elephants (the speaker and listener know about) are big.’ (AT_2014-05-21_nasality)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbsà ríì tɪ̀ɪ̀sà
Glosses: elephant-CL13-DEF eat-AFF tree-CL13-DEF
Translation: The elephants (the speaker and listener know about) ate the trees (the speaker and listener know about).’ (AT_2014-05-28)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wóbsã ríì tɪ̀ɪ̀sà
Glosses: elephant-CL13-ã eat-AFF tree-CL13-DEF
Translation: The elephants (the speaker and listener know about) ate the trees (the speaker and listener know about)’; or ‘The elephants (the speaker and listener know about) (not something else) ate the trees (the speaker and listener know about)’ (e.g. it wasn’t the mice that ate the trees). (AT_2014-05-28)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ wóbgã
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF elephant-CL15-ã
Translation: I see the elephant’ (as opposed to seeing something else); or ‘I see the elephant’ (as opposed to not seeing the elephant). (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ wóbgà
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF elephant-CL15-DEF
Translation: I see the elephant (that the speaker and listener talked about).’ (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm nɛ́ɛ̀ bʊ́ʊ́gã
Glosses: 1SG.SUBJ see-AFF goat-CL12-ã
Translation: I see the goat’ (that we talked about); or ‘I see the goat’ (as opposed to seeing something else); or ‘I see the goat’ (as opposed to not seeing the goat). (AT_20140605)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à=músá yàà kàràmbíígà kàràmbíígã
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN COP-AFF student-CL12-DEF student-CL12-ã
Translation: Moussa is the student (we know about).’ (nasality preferred) (AT_2014-03-11_NominalPreds, Ex.34)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: págá búkà bíígá
Glosses: woman-DEF carry-AFF child-CL12
Translation: The woman (mentioned previously) is carrying a child.’ (AT_2014-01-13_WomanDonkeyCart_Text, Ex2)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: kíwã yàà kʊ́drè
Glosses: millet-wã COP-AFF old-CL5
Translation: The millet (we know about) is old’; or ‘The millet (not something else) is old.’ (AT_2014-06-04)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: wób kángã́ yàà bédré
Glosses: elephant DEM-CL12-ã COP-AFF big-CL5
Translation: This elephant is big.’ (e.g. correcting someone who has said ‘This mouse is big.’) (AT_2014-05-21_nasality, Ex.30)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: nù(g) kángã́ yàà bédrè
Glosses: hand DEM-CL12-ã COP-AFF big-CL5
Translation: This hand is the one that is big.’ (not something else) (KB_20140224_08_Noun-phrase, Ex.2)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: wóbs~yà bɛ́dà
Glosses: elephant-CL13-~COP big-CL6
Translation: Elephants are big (in general).’ (e.g. correcting someone who said ‘Mice are big.’) (AT_2014-05-21_nasality, Ex.16)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: yṹys~rídd ságbó
Glosses: mouse-CL13-~eat-PROG dough-CL14
Translation: Mice eat sagbo (a kind of doughy food).’ (e.g. correcting someone who said, ‘Elephants eat sagbo.’) (AT_2014-05-28)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: ráw hǹ tákd̀ bʊ́ʊ́gá píògà tɪ̀ɪ̀gá sɛ̀ɛ̀gá
Glosses: man REL pull-PROG goat-CL12 pass-AFF tree-CL12-DEF side-CL12
Translation: A man who was pulling a goat passed by the tree.’ (Pear Story, Ln18-19)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: ráwá ták bʊ́ʊ́gã píòg tɪ̀ɪ̀gá sɛ̀ɛ̀gá lâ lóógè
Glosses: man-DEF pull goat-CL12-DEF/CONN ? pass tree-CL12-DEF side-CL12 and leave-?
Translation: The man pulled the goat, passed by the tree and left.’ (Pear Story, Ln20)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: … n=dɪ́k=à sɪ́ɪ̀dò
Glosses: _ CONN=take=3SG honey-CL21
Translation: … and took his honey.’ (DP_Rabbit & Hyena August 2013, Ln.20)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: prezidɔ̃ wáddà=mɛ̀
Glosses: president come-AFF=CF
Translation: The President (of Burkina Faso) is coming.’ (assuming one is in Burkina Faso, so it is clear which president you are talking about) (AT_2014-06-04)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: prezidɔ̃wã wáddà=mɛ̀
Glosses: president-FOC come-AFF=CF
Translation: The President is coming’ (not anyone else). (AT_2014-06-04)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: kàràmbíígà yàà máám
Glosses: student-CL12-DEF COP-AFF 1SG.O
Translation: The student (that we were talking about) is me.’ (AT_2014-03-04_NominalPreds, Ex.15)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: máám lá kàràmbíígà
Glosses: 1SG.O COP student-CL12-DEF
Translation: I am the (one) student’ (not anyone else). (AT_2014-03-04_NominalPreds, Ex.16)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à=músá lá kàràmbíígà kàràmbííga 
Glosses: 3SG.SUBJ=PN COP student-CL12-DEF student-CL12-DEF-FOC
Translation: Moussa is the (one) student’ (not anyone else). (AT_2014-03-11_NominalPreds, Ex.31)
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm tóólà págã̀ rúkã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I send-AFF woman-CL1.IDN pot-CL12.IDN
Translation: I sent the pot to the woman.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm tóólà rúkã̀ págã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I send-AFF pot-CL1.IDN woman-CL12.IDN
Translation: (`I sent the pot to the woman.')
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à lóbgà máám kúgrã̀.
Glosses: 3SG.I throw-AFF 1SG.II stone-CL5-IDN
Translation: She threw the stone to me (I am trying to catch it).
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à lóbgà máám nɛ́ kúgrì .
Glosses: 3SG.I throw-AFF 1SG.II with stone-CL5
Translation: She threw the stone at me (she wants to hit me with it).
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à Músá mwɛ̃́ɛ̃̀ máám zákà .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . build-AFF 1SG.II house-CL12
Translation: Musa built a house for me' (lit: `Musa built me a house.').
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à Músá mwɛ̃́ɛ̃̀ zákà ń kɔ̃́ máám .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . build-AFF house-CL12 PVC give 1SG.II
Translation: Musa built a house for me.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à Músá mwɛ̃́mlà zákà .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . build-1SG.III-AFF house-cL12
Translation: Musa built me a house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá mwɛ̃́ɛ̃̀là máám .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . build-3SG.III-AFF 1SG.II
Translation: (`Musa built it for me.')
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à mwɛ̃́ɛ̃̀làmɛ̀ ń kɔ̃́ máám .
Glosses: 3SG.I build-3SG.III-AFF-PHB PVC give 1SG.II
Translation: He built it for me.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à kɪ́ɪ̀mɛ̀.
Glosses: 3SG.I die-AFF-PHB
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à kʊ́ʊ̀ yẽ́ndà .
Glosses: 3SG.I kill-AFF 3SG.II
Translation: She killed him.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm kɔ̃́ɔ̃̀ yẽ́ndà rúkã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I give-AFF 3SG.II pot-CL12.IDN
Translation: I gave the pot to her.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm kɔ̃́ɔ̃̀ págã̀ yẽ́ndà .
Glosses: 1SG.I give-AFF woman-CL1.IDN 3SG.II
Translation: I gave it to the woman.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm pɛ́ŋà págã̀ wééfà .
Glosses: 1SG.I lend-AFF woman-CL1.IDN bike-CL19-IDN
Translation: I lent the bike to the woman.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm rɪ́lgà bʊ́ʊ́sá nàngùrí .
Glosses: 1SG.I feed-AFF goat-CL13-IDN peanut-CL5
Translation: I fed peanuts to the goats.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm wínígà bíígã̀ págã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I show-AFF child-CL12.IDN woman-CL1.IDN
Translation: I showed the boy to the woman.' or `I showed the woman to the boy.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm wínígà báágã̀ bʊ́ʊ́sá .
Glosses: 1SG.I show-AFF dog-CL12.IDN goat-CL13-IDN
Translation: I showed the goats to the dog.' or `I showed the dog to the goats.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm wínígà wóbgà biigã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I show-AFF elephant-CL15-IDN child-CL12.IDN
Translation: I showed the elephant to the child.' or `I showed the child to the elephant.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: bámb kɔ́̃́ɔ̀̃̀ máám/fóó/yẽ́ndà péénd myṹgà .
Glosses: 3PL.I give-AFF 1SG/2SG/3SG scarf-CL5 red-CL12-IDN
Translation: They gave {me, you, him/her} a red scarf.´
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à Músá wɛ̃́ɛ̃̀ à Ríhnátà nɛ́ kúgrì .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . hit-AFF 3SG.I R . with stone-CL5
Translation: Musa hit Rihnata with a stone.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à Músá wɛ̃́ɛ̃̀là à Ríhnátà .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . hit-3SG.III-AFF 3SG.I R . 
Translation: (`Musa hit Rihnata with it'.)§fn§The set III 3SG object pronoun -à indexed in the verb in §4.1:alignment.pacchiarotti undergoes the same phonological process observed for the affirmative marker -à in §4.1:alignment.pacchiarotti. When the shape of an immediately-preceding verb root is CV, the set III 3SG pronoun -à takes the form of a copy of the last vowel of the verb root, as in where -à > -ɛ̃̀ because the verb root is CV and the last vowel is ɛ̃. If the contiguous verb root is not CV, then the 3SG bound pronoun surfaces as -à(-là) as in and . (Manuel Otero, p.c.).§/fn§
Language: Mossi
Transcription: à yẽ́ẽ́sà zíímà fṹgã̀ zúgù .
Glosses: 3SG.I wipe-AFF blood-CL22-IDN cloth-CL12.IDN head-CL15
Translation: She swiped the blood off the cloth.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à yẽ́ẽ́sàlà zíímà .
Glosses: 3SG.I wipe-3SG.III-AFF blood-CL22-IDN
Translation: (`She wiped the blood off it.')
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm tʊ́mà bíígã̀ zákẽ̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I work-AFF child-CL12.IDN house-CL12-LOC
Translation: I sent the child home.
Language: Mossi
Transcription: màm tʊ́màlà bíígã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I work-3SG.III-AFF child-CL12.IDN
Translation: (`I sent the child to it.')
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá wínígà báágã̀ bʊ́ʊ́sé .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . show-AFF dog-CL12.IDN goat-CL13
Translation: Musa showed goats to the dog.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá wínígblà báágã̀.
Glosses: 3SG.I M . show-3PL.III-AFF dog-CL12.IDN
Translation: Musa showed them to the dog.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá wínígàlà bʊ́ʊ́sé .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . show-3PL.III-AFF goat-CL13
Translation: Musa showed goats to it (i.e. to the dog).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá rɪ́lgà bɔ̃̀yɪ́gã̀ pɪ́ɪ́sá .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . feed-AFF lion-CL12.IDN sheep-CL13-IDN
Translation: Musa fed the sheep (plural) to the lion.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá rɪ́lgàlà pɪ́ɪ́sá .
Glosses: 3SG.I M . feed-3SG.III-AFF sheep-CL13-IDN
Translation: Musa fed the sheep to it (to the lion).
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá rɪ́lgblà bɔ̃̀yɪ́gã̀.
Glosses: 3SG.I M . feed-3PL.III-AFF lion-CL12.IDN
Translation: ? `Musa fed the lion to them (to the sheep)' not *`Musa fed them (the sheep) to the lion.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm tóólà záàmɛ̀ págã̀ rúkã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I send-AFF yesterday woman-CL1.IDN pot-CL12.IDN
Translation: (`I gave yesterday the pot to the woman.')
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: màm tóólà págã̀ záàmɛ̀ rúkã̀.
Glosses: 1SG.I send-AFF woman-CL1.IDN yesterday pot-CL12.IDN
Translation: (`I gave to the woman yesterday the pot.')
Language: Mossi
Transcription: pág lánníngà á Músá hə̃́ tóól rúkã̀.
Glosses: woman REL 3SG.I M . SUBRD send pot-CL12.IDN
Translation: the woman to whom Musa sent the pot
Language: Mossi
Transcription: rúk lánníngà á Músá hə̃́ tóól págã̀.
Glosses: pot-CL12 REL 3SG.I M . SUBRD send woman-CL1.IDN
Translation: the pot which Musa sent to the woman
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá kɔ̃́ɔ̃̀ à Ouérmí lígídà à zákṍwã̀.
Glosses: 3SG.I M . give-AFF 3SG.I O . money-CL21-IDN 3SG.I house-CL12-LOC
Translation: Musai gave the money to Ouermij in hisij house.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: à Músá wínígà à Ouérmí bíígã̀ à zákṍwã̀.
Glosses: 3SG.I M . show-AFF 3SG.I O . child-CL12.IDN 3SG.I house-CL12-LOC
Translation: Musai showed the childj to Ouermiy in hisijy house.