lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kei a Hone [taku koti].
Glosses: at(PRES) PERS John my coat
Translation: John has my coat.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I raro i te tēpu [tō pukapuka].
Glosses: at(PT) under at the table your book
Translation: Your book was under the table.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [He aha] kei roto i te kāpata rā ?
Glosses: a Q at(PRES) inside at the cupboard DIST
Translation: What is in that cupboard?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko wai] kei roto i te kāpata rā ?
Glosses: KO Q at(PRES) inside at the cupboard DIST
Translation: Who is in that cupboard?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko ēwhea] kei roto i te kāpata rā ?
Glosses: KO Q.PL at(PRES) inside at the cupboard DIST
Translation: Which ones are in that cupboard?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kei hea [te oka]?
Glosses: at(PRES) where the butcher’s knife
Translation: Where’s the butcher’s knife?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko tōna kāinga] ko Rurunui i te takiwā o Whare-pūhunga .
Glosses: TOP his home EQ Rurunui at the district of Whare-puhunga
Translation: His home, Rurunui, was in the district of Whare-puhunga.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hei kaiako [ia].
Glosses: CLS(FUT) teacher 3SG
Translation: She is going to be a teacher.
Language: Maori
Transcription: [Ko wai] hei kīngi mō te iwi Māori ?11
Glosses: KO Q CLS(FUT) king belong the people Māori
Translation: Who is to be king for the Māori people?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Hei aha [ia]?12
Glosses: CLS(FUT) Q 3SG
Translation: What is she going to be (when she grows up)?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko taku teina] hei kura māhita .
Glosses: TOP my younger.sibling CLS(FUT) school teacher
Translation: My younger brother will be a school teacher.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: He māhita [a Hera].
Glosses: CLS teacher PERS Hera
Translation: Hera is a teacher.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: He nui [te whare nei].
Glosses: CLS big the house PROX1
Translation: This house is big.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko wai] he māhita ?
Glosses: KO Q CLS teacher
Translation: Who is a teacher?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko tēwhea] he nui ?
Glosses: KO Q CLS big
Translation: Which (one) is big?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[He aha] he nui ?
Glosses: a Q CLS big
Translation: What is big?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko te aha] he whero ?
Glosses: KO the Q CLS red
Translation: (‘What is red?’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[He aha] he whero ?
Glosses: a Q CLS red
Translation: (‘What is red?’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: He aha [te mea whero rā]?
Glosses: CLS Q the thing red DIST
Translation: What is the red thing there?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko Hone] he māhita .
Glosses: TOP John CLS teacher
Translation: John is a teacher.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ko Hera [taku hoa].
Glosses: EQ Hera my friend
Translation: Hera is my friend.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ko te pō tika tonu [tēnei].
Glosses: EQ the night right indeed this
Translation: This is certainly the right night.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ko Hata [a wai]?
Glosses: EQ Hata PERS Q
Translation: (‘Who is Hata?’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko wai] ko Hata ?
Glosses: KO Q EQ Hata
Translation: (‘Who is Hata?’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ko wai [tō tātou matua]?
Glosses: EQ Q our.INCL parent
Translation: Who is our father?’ (More literally ‘Our father is who?’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko tēnei] ko te rōia .
Glosses: TOP this EQ the lawyer
Translation: This is the lawyer.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nā Pani i āwhina [a Hera].
Glosses: belong Pani TAM help PERS Hera
Translation: Pani helped Hera.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mā ngā kaikōrero e mihi [ngā manuhiri].
Glosses: belong the.PL speaker TAM greet the.PL visitor
Translation: The speakers will greet the visitors.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nā Pita i tīhore [te hipi].
Glosses: belong Peter TAM fleece the sheep
Translation: It was Peter who sheared the sheep.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nā Pita [te hipi] i tīhore .
Glosses: belong Peter the sheep TAM fleece
Translation: It was Peter who sheared the sheep.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nā wai i here atu [te kurī]?
Glosses: belong Q TAM tie away the dog
Translation: Who tied up the dog?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mā wai e here atu [te kurī]?
Glosses: belong Q TAM tie away the dog
Translation: Who will tie up the dog?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko te tamaiti] mā te pirihimana e kite .
Glosses: TOP the child belong the policeman TAM find
Translation: As for the child, it is the policeman who will find it.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko ngā KEA] nā Hone i pupuhi .
Glosses: KO the.PL kea belong John TAM shoot
Translation: John shot the KEAS.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko te KAIAKO] nā .na i meke .
Glosses: KO the teacher belong.3SG TAM hit
Translation: He hit the TEACHER.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko wai] nā Hōne i pupuhi ?
Glosses: KO Q belong Hone TAM shoot
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nā Hone i pupuhi [ia anō].
Glosses: belong John TAM shoot 3SG again
Translation: John shot himself.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nā Hone [ia anō] i pupuhi .
Glosses: belong John 3SG again TAM shoot
Translation: John shot himself.
Language: Maori
Transcription: *Nāna (anō) [a Hone] i pupuhi .
Glosses: belong.3SG again PERS John TAM shoot
Translation: (‘John shot himself.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: A whea [a Hata] haere mai ai ?
Glosses: at(FUT) Q PERS Hata move hither PART
Translation: When will Hata come?
Language: Maori
Transcription: I te āta nei nā Pita i tīhore [te hipi].
Glosses: at the morning this belong Peter TAM fleece the sheep
Translation: This morning, it was Peter who sheared the sheep.
Language: Maori
Transcription: *Inawhea nā Pita i tīhore [te hipi]?
Glosses: Q belong Pita TAM fleece the sheep
Translation: When did Pita shear the sheep?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko te aha] nā Hata i here ?
Glosses: KO the Q belong Hata TAM tie
Translation: What did Hata tie up?’ (echo interpretation only)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [He aha] nā Hata i here ?
Glosses: a Q belong Hata TAM tie
Translation: What was it Hata tied up?’ (echo interpretation only)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: … kua tata ki te taha o te toka rangitoto [e tū ana _i i te ara]
Glosses:  TAM near to the side of the rock scoria TAM stand TAM  at the path
Translation: … [she] neared the side of the scoria rock which was standing in the path
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Ka mōhio ahau ki te tangata [i kōhuru a Hone _i].
Glosses: TAM know I to the man TAM murder PERS John 
Translation: (‘I knew the man that John murdered.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kite a Hone i te tāhae .
Glosses: TAM see PERS John ACC the thief
Translation: John saw the thief.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ko  i kite __ i te tāhae .
Glosses: KO John TAM see  ACC the thief
Translation: It was John who saw the thief.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ko te  t .ā Hone i tohu ai .
Glosses: KO the flute the.of John TAM save PART
Translation: It was the flute that John saved’ (More literally ‘That which John saved was the flute’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I pātai te māhita ki a wai ?
Glosses: TAM ask the teacher to PERS Q
Translation: Who did the teacher ask?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I haere atu a Rewi i Rotorua ki hea ?
Glosses: TAM move away PERS Rewi from Rotorua to Q
Translation: Where did Rewi go to from Rotorua?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kua kite .a a Rona me ngā aha ?
Glosses: TAM see.PASS PERS Rona with the.PL Q
Translation: What is Rona seen with?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Tangi ana a Tohe ki te aha ?
Glosses: cry TAM PERS Tohe to the Q
Translation: Why is Tohe crying?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [He aha] [te take [i reti ai e Māui te rā]]?
Glosses: CLS Q the reason TAM lasso PART by Maui the sun
Translation: Why did Maui lasso the sun?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mai i te tau 1892 he minita [a Kara] nō te kāwanatanga Rīpera .
Glosses: hither from the year 1892 CLS minister PERS Carroll belong the government Liberal
Translation: From the year 1892 Carroll was a minister in the Liberal government.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nō hea [a Kara] he minita nō te kāwanatanga Rīpera ?
Glosses: belong Q PERS Carroll CLS minister belong the government Liberal
Translation: When was Carroll a minister in the Liberal government?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I ēwhea tau [a Kara] he minita nō te kāwanatanga Rīpera ?
Glosses: in Q.PL year PERS Carroll CLS minister belong the government Liberal
Translation: In which years was Carroll a minister in the Liberal government?
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nō te mutunga o 1899 ko ia [te minita mō ngā take Māori].19
Glosses: belong the end of 1899 EQ 3SG the minister belong the.PL affairs Māori
Translation: From the end of 1899 he was the minister of Māori affairs.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nō hea [ia] ko te minita mō ngā take Māori ?
Glosses: belong Q 3SG EQ the minister belong the.PL affairs Māori
Translation: When was he the minister of Māori affairs?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ka mōhio ahau ki te tangata a Hone [i kōhuru ai].
Glosses: TAM know I to the man of John TAM murder PART
Translation: I knew the man that John murdered.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ka mōhio ahau ki t .ā Hone tangata [i kōhuru ai].
Glosses: TAM know I to the.of John man TAM murder PART
Translation: I knew the man that John murdered.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Ko t .ā taku ringa [i ngaki ai] me waiho tēnā ki a au .
Glosses: TOP the.of my hand TAM cultivate PART TAM leave that to PERS me
Translation: What my hand has cultivated, that should be left for me.
Language: Maori
Transcription: E tū ana te toka rangitoto i te ara .
Glosses: TAM stand TAM the rock scoria at the path
Translation: The scoria rock was standing in the path.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Kai runga nga ārani i te rākau .
Glosses: at(PRES) top the.PL orange at the tree
Translation: The oranges are on the tree.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Kua pirau nga ārani [kai runga _i i te rākau].
Glosses: TAM rot the.PL orange at(PRES) top  at the tree
Translation: The oranges on the tree are rotten.
Language: Maori
Transcription: Kei te whare [taku whaea].
Glosses: at(PRES) the house my mother
Translation: My mother is at the house.
Language: Maori
Transcription: te whare [kei reira taku whaea]
Glosses: the house at(PRES) there my mother
Translation: the house where my mother is
Language: Maori
Transcription: #/*[Ko tēhea whare] kei reira taku whaea ?
Glosses: KO Q house at(PRES) there my mother
Translation: (‘Which house is the one where my mother is?’)
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nā te tupuna [taua patu].
Glosses: belong the ancestor that weapon
Translation: That weapon belonged to the ancestor.
Language: Maori
Transcription: te tupuna [nā .na taua patu]
Glosses: the ancestor belong.3SG that weapon
Translation: the ancestor whose weapon it was
Language: Maori
Transcription: #/*[Ko wai] nā .na taua patu ?
Glosses: KO Q belong.3SG that weapon
Translation: (‘Who was the one whose weapon it was?’)
Language: Maori
Transcription: Kei tēhea whare [taku whaea]?
Glosses: at(PRES) Q house my mother
Translation: Which house is my mother in?
Language: Maori
Transcription: Nā wai [taua patu]?
Glosses: belong Q that weapon
Translation: Whose weapon was it?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kite [te pirihimana] [i te tamaiti].
Glosses: TAM find the policeman ACC the child
Translation: The policeman found the child.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko te pirihimana] i kite i te tamaiti .
Glosses: TOP the policeman TAM find ACC the child
Translation: The policeman found the child.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko te tamaiti] i kite te pirihimana .
Glosses: TOP the child TAM find the policeman
Translation: (‘The child, the policeman found.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: I kite .a [te tamaiti] [e te pirihimana].
Glosses: TAM find.PASS the child by the policeman
Translation: The child was found by the policeman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko te tamaiti] i kite .a e te pirihimana .
Glosses: TOP the child TAM find.PASS by the policeman
Translation: The child was found by the policeman.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *[Ko te pirihimana] i kite .a te tamaiti .
Glosses: TOP the policeman TAM find.PASS the child
Translation: (‘The policeman, the child was found by.’)
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Kei te aha a Hone ?
Glosses: TAM Q PERS John
Translation: What is John doing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [(A) Hone], kei te ruku .ruku kōura ia .
Glosses: PERS John TAM dive.DUP crayfish 3.SG
Translation: John, he’s diving for crayfish.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: [Ko Ponga ia], kāhore kau he kupu kōtahi mā .na .
Glosses: TOP Ponga CONTR NEG EXCL a word one belong.3SG
Translation: As for Ponga, however, he didn’t say a single word.
Language: Passamaquoddy
Transcription: ‘-Kosiciy-a-l yaq uhsimis-ol [eli keka peciya-li-t].
Glosses: 3-know.TA-DIR-OBV QUOT 3.younger.sibling [C almost come-OBV-3CONJ]
Translation: She knew that her brother had almost arrived.
Language: Romanian
Transcription: Am mirosit-o pe Maria [că voia să ne tragă plasa].
Glosses: AUX.1 smelled-CL.3SG.F.ACC  Maria [C wanted SM to.us draw net.the]
Translation: I figured out that Maria intended to con us.
Language: Madurese
Transcription: Siti ngera Hasan [ja’ dokter juwa mareksa aba’eng].
Glosses: Siti AV.think Hasan [C doctor DEM AV.examine he]
Translation: Siti thinks about Hasan that the doctor examined him.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: Ngi-fun-a [ukuthi u-Sipho a-phek-e i-qanda].
Glosses: 1SG-want-FV [C AUG-1a.Sipho 1.SM-cook-SUBJ AUG-5.egg]
Translation: I want Sipho to cook an egg.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: Ngi-fun-a u-Sipho [ukuthi a-phek-e i-qanda].
Glosses: 1SG-want-FV AUG-1a.Sipho [C 1.SM-cook-SUBJ AUG-5.egg]
Translation: I want Sipho to cook an egg.
Language: Zulu
Transcription: *Ngi-fun-a i-qanda [ukuthi u-Sipho a-phek-e].
Glosses: 1SG-want-FV AUG-5.egg [C AUG-1a.Sipho 1.SM-cook-SUBJ]
Translation: (intended: ‘I want Sipho to cook an egg.’)
Language: Plateau Malagasy
Transcription: mihevitra an-dRanaivo [ho namono an’ilay akoho] Rakoto .
Glosses: AV.think ACC-Ranaivo [C PST.AV.kill ACC-that chicken] Rakoto.PIVOT
Translation: Rokoto thinks of Ranaivo that (he) killed that chicken.
Language: Plateau Malagasy
Transcription: *mihevitra an’ilay akoho [ho namono Ranaivo] Rakoto .
Glosses: AV.think ACC-that chicken [C PST.AV.kill Ranaivo.PIVOT] Rakoto.PIVOT
Translation: (intended: ‘Rakoto thinks of that chicken that Ranaivo killed (it).’)
Language: Plateau Malagasy
Transcription: mihevitra an’ilay akoho [ho novonoin-dRanaivo] Rakoto .
Glosses: AV.think ACC-that chicken [C PST.PV.kill-Ranaivo.GEN] Rakoto.PIVOT
Translation: Rakoto thinks of that chicken that Ranaivo killed (it).
Language: Plateau Malagasy
Transcription: *mihevitra an-dRanaivo [ho novonoina ilay akoho] Rakoto .
Glosses: AV.think ACC-Ranaivo [C PST.PV.kill that chicken.PIVOT] Rakoto.PIVOT
Translation: (intended: ‘Rakoto thinks of Ranaivo that (he) killed that chicken.’)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra tu=deru-aw na kujan kana walak adaman].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C 3.GEN=cook-PV DEF.PIVOT shrimp DEF.GEN child yesterday]
Translation: I know that the child cooked the shrimp yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kana kujan [dra tu=deru-aw kana walak adaman].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT DEF.ACC shrimp [C 3.GEN=cook-PV DEF.GEN child yesterday]
Translation: I know that the child cooked the shrimp yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kana walak [dra tu=deru-aw na kujan adaman].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT DEF.ACC child [C 3.GEN=cook-PV DEF.PIVOT shrimp yesterday]
Translation: I know that the child cooked the shrimp yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra s<em>enay na bangsaran (i Arasip) adaman].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C <AV>sing DEF.PIVOT young.man (LOC Arasip) yesterday]
Translation: I know that the young man sang (in Arasip) yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku i Arasip [dra s<em>enay na bangsaran adaman].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT LOC Arasip [C <AV>sing DEF.PIVOT young.man yesterday]
Translation: I know that the young man sang in Arasip yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: d<em>eru=ku dra bu’ir .        [Actor voice]
Glosses: cook<AV>=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC taro        
Translation: I cooked taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=deru-aw na bu’ir .        [Patient voice]
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=cook-PV DEF.PIVOT taro        
Translation: I cooked the taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=deru-ay dra bu’ir na daderuwan . [Locative voice]
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=cook-LV INDF.ACC taro DEF.PIVOT pot 
Translation: I cooked taro in the pot.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=deru-anay dra bu’ir i Siber . [Circumstantial voice]
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=cook-CV INDF.ACC taro SG.PIVOT Siber 
Translation: I cooked taro for Siber.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay ku=paysu .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] 1SG.POSS.PIVOT=money
Translation: I forgot about my money.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=talam-ay nu=eraw adaman .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=try-LV[PV] 2SG.POSS.PIVOT=alcohol yesterday
Translation: I tried your alcohol yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: tu=trima-aw na pangudral (kan Senten) adaman .
Glosses: 3.GEN=buy-PV DEF.PIVOT pineapple (SG.GEN Senten) yesterday
Translation: He/She/(Senten) bought pineapple yesterday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: tu=pangasip-anay na urtati (kana walak) kana kuraw .
Glosses: 3.GEN=fish-CV DEF.PIVOT earthworm (DEF.GEN child) DEF.ACC fish
Translation: He/She/(the child) fished for the fish with the earthworms.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u a bangsaran dra suwan .
Glosses: AV-see INDF.PIVOT young.man INDF.ACC dog
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u na bangsaran kana suwan .
Glosses: AV-see DEF.PIVOT young.man DEF.ACC dog
Translation: The young man saw the dog.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: maidrang [na t<em>enun dra kiping]
Glosses: old.person [LK <AV>weave INDF.ACC clothes]
Translation: the old person who wove clothes
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: *kiping [na t<em>enun na maidrang]
Glosses: clothes [LK <AV>weave DEF.PIVOT old.person]
Translation: (intended: ‘the clothes that the old person wove’)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan Labu [*(dra) tu=trekel-aw na eraw e .c .(GEN)].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT  Labu [   C 3.GEN=drink-PV DEF.PIVOT alcohol e.c.(GEN)]
Translation: I saw that Labu drank the alcohol.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku [*(dra) tu=trekel-aw na eraw kan Labu].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT [   C 3.GEN=drink-PV DEF.PIVOT alcohol SG.GEN Labu]
Translation: I saw that Labu drank the alcohol.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: t<em>alem i Atrung [(*dra) t<em>enun dra katring].
Glosses: try<AV> SG.PIVOT Atrung [   C weave<AV> INDF.ACC pants]
Translation: Atrung tried to weave pants.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: m-ungesalr=ku [(*dra) me-ladam t<em>ara’ na Puyuma].
Glosses: AV-start=1SG.PIVOT [   C AV-learn speak<AV> DEF.PIVOT Puyuma]
Translation: I have started learning Puyuma.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra d<em>eru=yu dra abay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C <AV>cook=2SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC rice.ball]
Translation: Siber saw that you cooked sticky rice balls.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra nu=deru-aw na abay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C 2SG.GEN=cook-PV DEF.PIVOT rice.ball]
Translation: Siber saw that you cooked sticky rice balls.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra nu=pubini’-ay dra bini’ na uma’].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C 2SG.GEN=sow-LV INDF.ACC seed DEF.PIVOT field]
Translation: Siber saw that you sowed seeds in the field.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra nu=deru-anay i Tuku dra abay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C 2SG.GEN=cook-CV SG.PIVOT Tuku INDF.ACC rice.ball]
Translation: Siber saw that you cooked sticky rice balls for Tuku.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: tu=t<em>alam [t<em>enun/*tenun-aw/*tenun-ay/*tenun-anay dra katring].
Glosses: 3.GEN=try<AV> [weave<AV>/*weave-PV/*weave-LV/*weave-CV INDF.ACC pants]
Translation: He/she tried to weave pants.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=talam-ay [d<em>eru/*deru-aw/*deru-ay/*deru-anay na ura].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=try-LV[PV] [cook<AV>/*cook-PV/*cook-LV/*cook-CV DEF.PIVOT muntjac]
Translation: I tried to cook the muntjac.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay kan Apeng [dra a-uka e .c .(PIVOT) i Arasip andaman].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV]  Apeng [C AV.IRR-go e.c.(PIVOT) LOC Arasip tomorrow]
Translation: I forgot that Apeng will go to Arasip tomorrow.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan Siber [dra tr<em>a-trakaw e .c .(PIVOT) dra patraka].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT  Siber [C <AV>PROG-steal e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC meat]
Translation: I saw that Siber was stealing meat.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: t<em>alam=ku [m-uka/*a-uka i Balangaw].
Glosses: try<AV>=1SG.PIVOT [AV-go/*AV.IRR-go LOC Balangaw]
Translation: I tried to go/*will go to Balangaw.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: tu=talam-ay [d<em>eru/*d<em>a-deru na bitrenun].
Glosses: 3.GEN=try-LV[PV] [cook<AV>/*PROG<AV>cook DEF.PIVOT eggs]
Translation: He/she tried to cook/*be cooking eggs.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan/*i Sayki [dra tu=karatr-aw kanu=suwan e .c .(PIVOT)].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC/*SG.PIVOT Sayki [C 3.GEN=bite-PV 2SG.POSS.GEN=dog e.c.(PIVOT)]
Translation: I saw that your dog bit Sayki.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan/*i Sayki uninan .
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC/*SG.PIVOT Sayki today
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=aparu-ay na/*kana walak [dra tu=deru-aw e .c .(GEN) na bu’ir].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT/*DEF.GEN child [C 3.GEN=cook-PV e.c.(GEN) DEF.PIVOT taro]
Translation: I forgot that the child cooked the taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=aparu-ay na/*kana suwaksuk .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT/*DEF.GEN key
Translation: I forgot the key.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya i Siber kantaawi [dra tu=saletra’-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Isaw].
Glosses: AV-dream SG.PIVOT Siber 3 [C 3.GEN=slap-LV e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Isaw]
Translation: Siber dreamt that Isaw slapped him.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya i Siber [dra tu=saletra’-ay kan Isaw taytaawj].
Glosses: AV-dream SG.PIVOT Siber [C 3.GEN=slap-LV SG.GEN Isaw 3
Translation: Siber dreamt that Isaw slapped himself.’6
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Akang kantu=ngiyaw [dra tu=pakan-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Pilay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Akang 3.POSS.ACC=cat [C 3.GEN=feed-LV[PV] e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Pilay]
Translation: Akang saw that Pilay fed her cat.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Akang [dra tu=pakan-ay kan Pilay tu=ngiyaw].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Akang [C 3.GEN=feed-LV[PV] SG.GEN Pilay 3.POSS.PIVOT=cat]
Translation: Akang saw that Pilay fed her cat.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku kan Sayki [dra tu=trakaw-aw nu=palidring e .c .(GEN)].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT DEF.ACC Sayki [C 3.GEN=steal-PV 2SG.POSS.PIVOT=car e.c.(GEN)]
Translation: I dreamt that Sayki stole your car.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kan nadru walak [dra p<en>ukpuk na sinsi e .c .(ACC)].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC that child [C <AV>beat DEF.PIVOT teacher e.c.(ACC)]
Translation: I know that the teacher beat the child.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku i Tripul [dra m-uka=yu e .c .(LOC)].8
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT LOC.ACC Tripul [C AV-go=2SG.PIVOT e.c.(LOC)]
Translation: I know that you have been to Tripul.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra sagar kanu a/na traw].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C like.AV 2SG.ACC INDF.PIVOT/DEF.PIVOT person]
Translation: I know that {someone/the person} likes you.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku *dra/✓kana traw [dra sagar e .c .(PIVOT) kanu].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC person [C like.AV e.c.(PIVOT) 2SG.ACC]
Translation: I know that {*someone/the person} likes you.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: kilengaw=ku [dra tr<em>akaw na walak {dra/kana paysu}].
Glosses: AV.hear=1SG.PIVOT [C <AV>steal DEF.PIVOT child {INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC money}]
Translation: I heard that the child stole {some money/the money}.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: kilengaw=ku *dra/✓kana paysu [dra tr<em>akaw na walak e .c .(ACC)].
Glosses: AV.hear=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC money [C <AV>steal DEF.PIVOT child e.c.(ACC)]
Translation: I heard that the child stole {*some money/the money}.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku dra babayan driya [dra sagar e .c .(PIVOT) dra aputr].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC woman all [C like.AV e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC flower]
Translation: I know that all women like flowers (while men do not necessarily like them.)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku dra bunga [dra mare-imalan e .c .(PIVOT) dra bu’ir].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC yam [C COM.AV-delicious e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC taro]
Translation: I know that yam is more delicious than taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra nu=kilengaw [kana ngay [dra m<in>atray i Pilay]]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C 2SG.GEN=hear.AV [DEF.ACC rumor [C AV<PRF>die SG.PIVOT Pilay]]]
Translation: I know that you heard the rumor that Pilay passed away.’ (non-raising)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kan Pilay [dra nu=kilengaw [kana ngay [dra m<in>atray ec .(PIVOT)]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Pilay [C 2SG.GEN=hear.AV [DEF.ACC rumor [C AV<PRF>die ec.(PIVOT)]]
Translation: I know that you heard the rumor that Pilay passed away.’ (RTO)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: imanay nu=k<in>aladram [na m<in>atray]?
Glosses: who 2SG.GEN=<PRF.PV>know [LK AV<PRF>die]
Translation: Who is the person that you knew passed away?
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: *imanay nu=k<in>aladram [na ngay [na m<in>atray]]?
Glosses: who 2SG.GEN=<PRF.PV>know [DEF.PIVOT rumor [LK AV<PRF>die]]
Translation: (intended: ‘Who is the person that you knew about the rumor that passed away?’)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku [dra m-uka=yu i Tripul [anu kualeng i Isaw]].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT [C AV-go=2SG.PIVOT LOC Tripul [because AV.sick SG.PIVOT Isaw]]
Translation: I dreamt that you went to Tripul because Isaw is sick.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku kan Isaw [dra m-uka=yu i Tripul [anu kualeng ec .(PIVOT)]].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Isaw [C AV-go=2SG.PIVOT LOC Tripul [because AV.sick ec.(PIVOT)]]
Translation: I dreamt that you went to Tripul because Isaw is sick.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: *imanay nu=k<in>aladram [na ma-trangis i Isaw anu m<in>atray]]?
Glosses: who 2SG.GEN=<PRF.PV>know [LK AV-cry SG.PIVOT Isaw because AV<PRF>die]]
Translation: Who is the person that you knew that Isaw cried because (he/she) passed away?
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku [dra tu=garutr-aw kana bulraybulrayan driya tu=arepu].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT [C 3.GEN=comb-PV DEF.ACC girl every 3.POSS=hair]
Translation: I saw that every girl was combing her hair.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kantu=arepu [dra tu=garutr-aw kana bulraybulrayan driya].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT 3.POSS=hair [C 3.GEN=comb-PV DEF.ACC girl every]
Translation: I saw that every girl was combing her hair.’ (distributed reading not available)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku [dra tu=karatr-aw kana suwan driya tu=ikur].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT [C 3.GEN=bite-PV DEF.ACC dog every 3.POSS=tail]
Translation: I dreamt that every dog was biting its (own) tail.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-na’u=ku kantu=ikur [dra tu=karatr-aw kana suwan driya].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT 3.POSS=tail [C 3.GEN=bite-PV DEF.ACC dog every]
Translation: I saw that every dog was biting its tail.’ (distributed reading not available)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: n-kosiciy-a [eli psi=te wen kselm-iht wikuwoss-ol].
Glosses: 1-know.TA.DIR [C all=EMPH someone love-3CON.INF 3.mother-OBV]
Translation: I know that everyone is loved by his mother.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: n-kosiciy-a wikuwoss [eli psi=te wen kselm-iht <t>].
Glosses: 1-know.TA-DIR 3.mother [C all=EMPH someone love-3CONJINV <t>]
Translation: I know that everyone is loved by his mother.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: kilengaw=ku amariami [dra piwalak i Pilay].
Glosses: hear.AV=1SG.PIVOT last.year [C give.birth.AV SG.PIVOT Pilay]
Translation: I heard that Pilay had a baby last year.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku i Taypek [dra m-uka i Atrung].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT  Taipei [C AV-go SG.PIVOT Atrung]
Translation: I know that Atrung has been to Taipei.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku dra aputr [dra mara-padrangal na pulrikudrakudran].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT  flower [C AV.SUPER-expensive DEF.PIVOT chrysanthemum]
Translation: I know about flowers that chrysanthemums are the most expensive.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kanadra na sakaputan [dra mara-inabanaba dra tranguru i Siber].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT   class [C AV.SUPER-best INDF.ACC head SG.PIVOT Siber]
Translation: I know about this class that Siber is the smartest (lit. Siber’s head is the best)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra kuraw [dra mara-imaran na {etruk/#pangudral}].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [INDF.ACC fish [C AV.SUPER-delicious DEF.PIVOT {carp/#mango}]
Translation: I know about fish that {carp/#mango} is the most delicious.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: #ma-ladram=ku [kan Sayki [dra tr<em>ima i Siber dra palidring]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [SG.ACC Sayki [C <AV>buy SG.PIVOT Siber INDF.ACC car]]
Translation: (intended: ‘I know about Sayki that Siber bought a car’).
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [kan Atrung [dra s<em>enay i Senten kay i Labu kantu=ruma’]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [SG.ACC Atrung [C <AV>sing SG.PIVOT Senten and SG.PIVOT Labu 3.POSS.OBL=house.(LOC)]]
Translation: I know about Atrung that Senten and Labu sang in her house.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: s<em>enay i Senten kay i Labu kantu=ruma’.
Glosses: <AV>sing SG.PIVOT Senten and SG.PIVOT Labu 3.POSS.OBL=house.(LOC)
Translation: Senten and Labu sang in her/their house.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan Labu (*adaman) [dra tr<em>ima e .c .(PIVOT) dra patraka].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Labu (*yesterday) [C <AV>buy e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC meat]
Translation: Yesterday I saw that Labu bought some meat.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=rengarengay-aw i Labu (✓adaman) [dra tra-trima-an dra palidring].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=persuade-PV SG.PIVOT Labu (✓yesterday) [C RED-buy-SUBJ INDF.ACC car]
Translation: Yesterday I persuaded Labu to buy a car.
Language: Madurese
Transcription: Siti ngera Ina (✓bari’) [ja’ aba’eng mangkat dha’ Jakarta are Kemmes].
Glosses: Siti AV.think Ina (✓yesterday) [C she leave to Jakarta day Wednesday]
Translation: Siti thought yesterday that Ina left for Jakarta on Wednesday.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay na/*kana suwaksuk .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT/*DEF.ACC key
Translation: I forgot the key.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=beray-ay na walak kana/*na paysu .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=give-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT child DEF.ACC/*DEF.PIVOT money
Translation: I gave the child the money.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=beray-anay kana/*na walak na paysu .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=give-CV DEF.ACC/DEF.PIVOT child DEF.PIVOT money
Translation: I gave the child the money.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: amanay (na) [nu=k<in>a-abalru-an]?13
Glosses: what (LK) [2SG.GEN=<PRF>STAT.forget-LV[PV].NMZ]
Translation: What is the thing that you forgot?
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: *amanay (na) [abalru=yu]?
Glosses: what (LK) [forget.AV=2SG.PIVOT]
Translation: (‘What is the thing that you forgot?’)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay [dra d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir i Atrung].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] [C <AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro SG.PIVOT Atrung]
Translation: I forgot that Atrung is cooking taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: imanay (na) [nu=k<in>a-abalru-an (na) [d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir]]?
Glosses: who (LK) [2SG.GEN=<PRF>STAT-forget-LV[PV].NMZ (LK) [<AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro]]
Translation: Who was the one that you forgot is cooking taro?
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: *imanay (na) [abalru=yu (na) [d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir]]?
Glosses: who (LK) [AV.(NMZ).forget=2SG.PIVOT (LK) [<AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro]]
Translation: (‘Who was the one that you forget is cooking taro?’)
Language: Tagalog
Transcription: sino ang [naka-limut-an=mo na [nag-lu-luto ng adobo]]?
Glosses: who LK [PRF.STAT-forget-LV[PV]=2SG.GEN LK [AV.PRF-RED-cook INDF.ACC adobo]]
Translation: Who was the one that you forgot is cooking adobo?
Language: Tagalog
Transcription: *sino ang [nag-limut=ka na [nag-lu-luto ng adobo]]?
Glosses: who LK [AV.PRF-forget=2SG.PIVOT LK [AV.PRF-RED-cook INDF.ACC adobo]]
Translation: (‘Who was the one that you forgot is cooking adobo?’)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay i Atrung [dra d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] SG.PIVOT Atrung [C <AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro]
Translation: I forgot that Atrung is cooking taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: amanay (na~n) [nu=k<in>a-aparu-an [i Kalingkui (na) [tu=tr<in>ima-an]]?
Glosses: what (LK) [2SG.GEN=STAT<PRF>-forget-LV[PV] [ Kalingkui (LK) [3.GEN=PRF-buy-LV[PV]]]
Translation: What was the thing you forgot that he/she bought in Kalingku?
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya i Labu [dra m-uka i Kalingku tayta’aw].
Glosses: AV-dream  Labu [C AV-go LOC Kalingku ]
Translation: Labu dreamt that herself went to Kalingku.’ (long-distance reflexivization)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram na taynaynayan driya [dra a-uka tu i Arasip].
Glosses: AV-know  mothers every [C AV.IRR-go 3.=child LOC Arasip]
Translation: Every mother knows that her child will go to Arasip.’ (✓bound variable reading)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: me-na’u i Akang [kantu=ngiyaw [dra tu=pakan-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Pilay]].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Akang [3.POSS.ACC=cat [C 3.GEN=feed-LV[PV] e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Pilay]
Translation: Akang saw that Pilay fed her cat.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya i Siber [kantaaw [dra tu=saletra’-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Isaw]].
Glosses: AV-dream SG.PIVOT Siber [3SG.ACC.REFL [C 3.GEN=slap-LV e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Isaw]]
Translation: Siber dreamt that Isaw slapped him.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: adri sagar i Pilay dra/kana walak .
Glosses: NEG like.AV SG.PIVOT Pilay INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC children
Translation: Pilay dislikes {children/the children}.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: {na/*a walak} i adri sagar i Pilay e .c .(ACC).
Glosses: {DEF.PIVOT/*INDF.PIVOT children} PART NEG like.AV SG.PIVOT Pilay e.c.(ACC)
Translation: The children/*children, Pilay dislikes.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: a babayan driya i sagar tr<em>ima e .c .(PIVOT) dra kiping .
Glosses: INDF.PIVOT woman all PART like.AV <AV>buy e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC clothes
Translation: Women, (they) like to purchase clothes.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: a bunga i mare-imalan e .c .(PIVOT) dra bu’ir .
Glosses: INDF.PIVOT yam PART COM.AV-delicious e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC taro
Translation: Yam, (it) is more delicious than taro.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: idri na danaw i adri=ku m-uka me-languy-a .
Glosses: that DEF.PIVOT pond PART NEG=1SG.PIVOT AV-go AV-swim-PROJ
Translation: That pond, I haven’t gone and swum (there).
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i Senten i me-na’u=ku kan Pilay kantu=ruma’.
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Senten PART AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Pilay 3.POSS.OBL=house.(LOC)
Translation: (As for) Senten, I saw Pilay in her house.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: a aputr i mara-padrangal na {pulrikudrakudran/*pangudral}.
Glosses: INF.PIVOT flower PART AV.SUPER-expensive DEF.PIVOT {chrysanthemum/*pineapple}
Translation: (As for) flowers, {chrysanthemums/*pineapples} are the most expensive.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i nanali i tu=deru-ay na bunga .
Glosses: SG.PIVOT 1SG.POSS.mother PART 3SG.GEN=cook-LV DEF.PIVOT yam
Translation: (As for) my mother, she cooked the yams.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i Sawagu i ma-ladram=ku [dra adri sagar e .c .(PIVOT) kanku].
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Sawagu PART AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C NEG AV.like e.c.(PIVOT) 1SG.ACC]
Translation: (As for) Sawagu, I know that he dislikes me.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: na dawa i ku=pubini-ay na uma’ e .c .(ACC).
Glosses: DEF.PIVOT millet PART 1SG.GEN=sow-LV DEF.PIVOT field e.c.(ACC)
Translation: (As for) the millet, I sowed (it) in the field.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i Siber i kilengaw=ku [kana sinbu [dra tu=trima-aw na ruma’]].
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Siber PART hear.AV=1SG.PIVOT [DEF.ACC news [C 3.GEN=buy-PV DEF.PIVOT house]]
Translation: As for Siber, I heard the news that he bought the house.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: sagar na taynaynayan driya kantu=walak .
Glosses: like.AV DEF.PIVOT mothers every 3.POSS.ACC=child
Translation: Every mother loves her child.’ (bound variable reading is possible)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: tu=walak i sagar na taynaynayan driya .
Glosses: 3.POSS.PIVOT=child PART like.AV DEF.PIVOT mothers every
Translation: Her child, every mother loves.’ (no bound variable reading)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i/*kan Senten i tu=trakaw-aw na paysu .
Glosses: SG.PIVOT/*SG.ACC Senten PART 3.GEN=steal-PV DEF.PIVOT money
Translation: (As for) Senten, she stole the money.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kan Atrung [dra sagar (??taytaw) dra asap].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Atrung [C like.AV (??3SG.PIVOT) INDF.ACC giant.hyssop]
Translation: I know that Atrung likes giant hyssop.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i Atrung sagar i (?? taytaw) dra asap .
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Atrung PART like.AV (?? 3SG.PIVOT) INDF.ACC giant.hyssop
Translation: Atrung, (she) likes giant hyssop.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: i Senten *(i) adri sagar kan Pilay .    [Hanging topic construction]
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Senten *(PART) NEG like.AV SG.ACC Pilay    
Translation: As for Senten, she dislikes Pilay.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [ kan Senten (i) *(dra) adri sagar kan Pilay].  [RTO]
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [SG.ACC Senten (PART) C NEG like.AV SG.ACC Pilay]  
Translation: I know that Senten dislikes Pilay.
Language: Madurese
Transcription: Hasan e-kera Siti bari’ [ja’ aba’engi melle motor].
Glosses: Hasan OV-think Siti yesterday [C he AV.buy car]
Translation: Hasan was thought by Siti yesterday to have bought a car.
Language: Sundanese
Transcription: Ahmad nyarita-keun Hasan [yén paraji rék mariksa pamajikan manehna].
Glosses: Ahmad AV.talk-APPL Hasan [C midwife FUT AV.examine wife hei]
Translation: Ahmad talked about Hasan that the midwife will examine his wife.
Language: Tagalog
Transcription: Inasah-an ni Linda siya [ng mahalik-an ng pangulo (pro)].
Glosses: expect-LV GEN Linda 3 [LK kiss-LV GEN principal (pro)]
Translation: Linda expected her to be kissed by the principal.
Language: Tagalog
Transcription: inasahan=ko ang pambansang awit [na awit-in ni Linda e .c .(PIVOT)].
Glosses: LV-think=1SG.GEN  national anthem [LK sang-PV GEN Linda e.c.(PIVOT)]
Translation: I expected the national anthem to be sung by Linda.
Language: Tagalog
Transcription: *inasahan=ko si Linda [na awit-in e .c .(GEN) ang pambansang awit].
Glosses: LV-think=1SG.GEN  Linda [LK sang-PV e.c.(GEN) PIVOT national anthem]
Translation: (intended: ‘I expected Linda to sing the national anthem.’)
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ma-tiya i Labu [dra m-uka i Kalingku taytaawi].
Glosses: AV-dream  Labu [C AV-go LOC Kalingku 3SG.REFL]
Translation: Labu dreamt that herself went to Kalingku.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: ku=pubini’-ay dra dawa i uma’.
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=sow-LV INDF.ACC millet LOC.(PIVOT) field
Translation: I sowed millet in the field.
Language: Puyuma
Transcription: m-uka=ku i Kalingku adaman .
Glosses: AV-go=1SG.PIVOT LOC.(OBL) Kalingku yesterday
Translation: I went to Kalingku yesterday.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Non mangialo !
Glosses: NEG eat.IMP.2SG=it
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Mángel mia !
Glosses: eat.IMP.2SG=it NEG
Translation: Do not eat it!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Movrat mia !
Glosses: move.INF=yourself NEG
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: No laóra adès !
Glosses: NEG work.IMP now
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dime sa che la magna la Maria .
Glosses: tell=me what that SCL= eats the Mary
Translation: Tell me what Mary is eating.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Sa (*che) fé ?
Glosses: what that do.2PL
Translation: What are you doing?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cu c’ al vai là via ?
Glosses: who that SCL= cries over there
Translation: Who cries over there?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cu c’ al mangia le patate ?
Glosses: who that SCL= eats the potatoes
Translation: Who is eating the potatoes?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cu chi i no invita ?
Glosses: who that SCL= NEG invites
Translation: Who won’t they invite?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Cui aj o dismendead ?
Glosses: who have =SCL forgotten
Translation: Who have I forgotten?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Maria , che tu conosci anche te , è a Napoli .
Glosses: Mary that SCL= know.2SG also you is at Naples
Translation: Mary, who you too know, is in Naples.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Che la compri , o un tu lla compri ?
Glosses: what it= buy.2SG or NEG SCL= it= buy.2SG
Translation: Are you going to buy it or not?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *La compri-tu ?
Glosses: it buy.2SG.SCL
Translation: Are you buying it?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Pëies’ a riësc vía ?
Glosses: leave.2SG PRT immediately
Translation: Are you leaving immediately?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Nu t’acati mai de meie .
Glosses: NEG SCL=buy never of apples
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Te’n crompesc mai de póm .
Glosses: SCL.NEG buy never of apples
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: T’an cumpar mai dal meili .
Glosses: SCL.NEG buy never of.the apples
Translation: You never buy apples.
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: No stá parlare !
Glosses: NEG AUX.IMP talk.INF
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: *Stá parlare !
Glosses: AUX.IMP talk.INF
Translation: Talk!
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: J’ ai vu Jean qui courait à toute vitesse . (French)
Glosses: I have seen Jean qui ran at full speed 
Translation: I saw Jean running at full speed.’ (Cinque 1996)
Language: Bezhta
Transcription: öždi waya sabali-ya-d m-ico-yo xöx-i-ł .
Glosses: boy.ERG cow(III).ABS rope-OBL.INST III-tie-PST tree-OBL.INTER
Translation: The boy tied the cow to the tree with the rope.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taroo-wa syorui-o [pro yom-azuni] tozita .
Glosses: Taro-TOP document-ACC  read-without filed
Translation: Taro filed the document without reading it.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [Hanako-ga pro mitsumeru koto]-wa Taroo-o nayamaseta .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM  staring at NL-TOP Taro-ACC bothered
Translation: Hanako’s staring at him bothered Taro.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Hazimete  atta hito]-ga Hanako-o kenasita no-wa dare-ni desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM Hanako-ACC criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw t for the first time criticized Hanako?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [Hazimete  atta hito]-ga  kenasita no-wa dare-o desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw pg for the first time criticized t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Hazimete  atta hito]-ga dare-o kenasimasita ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM who criticized Q
Translation: Who did a person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taro-wa [dare-ga tabetagatta kara] udon-o tukurimasita ka ?
Glosses: Taro-TOP who want to eat because udon-ACC made Q
Translation: For which person x, Taro made udon because x wanted to eat?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Hazimete  au hito]-ga dare-o kenasimasu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  see person-NOM who criticize Q
Translation: Who do people who see pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Taro-wa [dare-ga tukutta] udon-o tabemasita ka ?
Glosses: Taro-TOP who-NOM made udon-ACC ate Q
Translation: For which x, Taro ate udon such that x made it?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta hito]-ga t kenasita no desu ka ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticize NL COP Q
Translation: Who did a person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: [Masao-ga [[hazimete Hanako-ni atta hito]-ga dare-o kenasita ka] itta (koto)].
Glosses: Masao-NOM for the first time Hanako-DAT saw person-NOM who-ACC criticized Q said NL
Translation: (That) Masao told who the person that saw Hanako for the first time criticized t
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dare-o [Masao-ga [[hazimete Hanako-ni atta hito]-ga  kenasita] ka itta] (koto).
Glosses: who Masao-NOM for the first time Hanako-DAT saw person-NOM  criticized Q said NL
Translation: (That) Masao told who the person that saw Hanako for the first time criticized t
Language: Japanese
Transcription: ? Dare-o [Masao-ga [[hazimete  atta hito]-ga  kenasita] ka itta] (koto).
Glosses: who Masao-NOM for the first time  saw person-NOM  criticized Q said NL
Translation: Intended: ‘(That) Masao told who the person that saw pg for the first time criticized t.
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dono koosiki-ga [ rikaise-zuni-wa]  tukai-nikui desu ka ?
Glosses: which equation  understanding-without-TOP  use-hard COP Q
Translation: Which equation is hard to use without understanding?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dare-ga [ iiyoru dansei-ni-yotte]  korosaremasita ka ?
Glosses: who  advancing man-DAT-by  be killed Q
Translation: Who was killed by a man advancing to her?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: *[Hazimete  atta] hito-ga dare-o orokanimo  baka da to omotta no ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  met person-NOM who-ACC stupidly  fool COP COMP thought Q
Translation: Who did the person [who met pg for the first time] stupidly think t fool?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta] hito-ga  orokanimo  baka da to omotta no ?
Glosses: who-ACC for-the-first-time  met person-NOM  stupidly  fool COP COMP thought Q
Language: Japanese
Transcription:  Hanako-ni [Taroo-ga  sagasu mae-ni] mitukatta no-wa dono gakusee-ga desu ka ?
Glosses:  Hanako-DAT Taro-NOM  look for before got found NL-TOP which student COP Q
Translation: Which student was it got found by Hanako before Taro looked for pg?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dono gakusee-ga Hanako-ni [Taroo-ga  sagasu mae-ni] mitukatta no ?
Glosses: which student Hanako-DAT Taro-NOM  look for before got found Q
Translation: Which student got found by Hanako before Taro looked for t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dono hon-o Masao-wa [Hanako-ga [ kaita hito]-ni au maeni]  yonda no ?
Glosses: which book Masao-TOP Hanako-NOM  wrote person-DAT see before  read Q
Translation: Which book did Masao read t before Hanako saw the person who wrote pg?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta hito-ga] t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese
Transcription: Dare-o [[Hanako-ga hazimete  atta toiu uwasa]-o kiita hito]-ga t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who Hanako-NOM for the first time  saw COMP rumor-ACC heard person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who heard the rumor that Hanako saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Unknown language
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete Taro-ni atta hito-ga] t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time Taro saw person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw Taro for the first time criticize t?