lecslab/glosslm-corpus huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯjwaʁ rcanɯ pɯrom kɯnɤ ɯmdzu nɯ mɤʑɯ ʑo mtɕoʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-leaf UNEXP:DEG AOR-be.dry also 3SG.POSS-thorn DEM even.more EMPH be.sharp:FACT
Translation: When its leaves have dried, the thorns (on the leaves) are even sharper.' (18-NGolo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ kɯfse rcanɯ , <qibajin> ʑo tɤχtɯta . tɕe <dong> pɯβzuta
Glosses: DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like UNEXP:DEG seven.or.eight.pounds EMPH AOR-buy-PST:TR-1SG LNK freeze AOR-make-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: [Nettles] like that, I bought seven or eight pounds. Then I put them in the refrigerator.' (conversation, 14-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯndʐi nɤɕki tɤtɯta ma , wuma ʑo atsa ʑo ɲɯβze
Glosses: a.few.days.ago 2SG.POSS-DAT AOR-say[II]-1SG LNK really EMPH 1SG.POSS-adapted EMPH SENS-make[III]
Translation: I already told you a few days ago, [the shoes you have sent me] fit me really well.' (conversation, 2019-05-26)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akɯrtoʁ jɤɣe tɕe ɣɯnɯ́wɣmbia
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-look AOR-come[II] LNK CISL-AOR-INV-give-1SG
Translation: He came to see me and gave it to me.' (conversation, 17-09-21)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kutɕu hanɯni ɲɯɣɤndʐo . jɯfɕɯɕɤr tɤjpa kalɤt . kalɤt ri mɯpɯwxti . jisŋi tɕe lonba tondʐi .
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC a.little SENS-be.cold yesterday.night snow AOR:3→3-release AOR:3→3-release LNK NEG-PST.IPFV-be.big today LNK all IFR-ACAUS:melt
Translation: Here it is a bit cold. It snowed yesterday evening. There was snow but not much, and now it has melted completely.' (conversation, 17-11-23)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯmu nɯ tɤngo qʰe ci ci nɯsi kɯfse ci ci tɤmna kɯfse qʰe kɯɕnɯxpa ʑo tʰɯmdɯ .
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-mother DEM AOR-be.ill LNK one one AOR-die SBJ:PCP-be.like one one AOR-be.better SBJ:PCP-be.like LNK seven-year EMPH AOR-live.up.to
Translation: Their mother got ill, and survived seven years, sometimes looking like she had died, sometimes looking like she was getting better.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯre kɯmaʁ pɕoʁ <banqian> jɤkɯɣe nɯra tunɯ tɕe , tɤdɤnnɯ .
Glosses: DEM:LOC other side move AOR-SBJ:PCP-come[II] DEM:PL exist:FACT-PL LNK AOR-be.many-PL
Translation: (Now) there are people who have come from other places (to settle in that village), [and the number of inhabitants] has increased.' (140522 tshupa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤ<dian> nɯme
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-electricity AOR-not.exist
Translation: Your [cellphone] is out of battery.' (you don't have any electricity anymore) (heard in context)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯfsaqʰe , [ftɕar kɤndzoʁ] qʰe li tuɬoʁ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-next.year summer AOR-ACAUS:attach LNK again IPFV-come.out
Translation: The next year, when the warm season (spring) arrives, it comes out again.' (of a perennial plant, 18-qromJoR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme jɤɣe tɕe <laikerenle> tuti , tɕe <nihao> tuti .
Glosses: person AOR-come[II] LNK a.guest.has.arrived IPFV-say LNK hello IPFV-say
Translation: (Of a parrot which is able to say a few words) When someone comes, [the parrot] says `A guest has arrived', and says `hello'.' (24-qro) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003626#S102"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤjpum tɕe tɕendɤre tɯsŋi kʰro lúwɣtaʁ ɲɯkɯcʰa ma tɤxtsʰɯm tɕe tɕe , koŋla lúwɣtaʁ mɯ́jsɤcʰa
Glosses: AOR-be.thick LNK LNK one-day much IPFV-INV-weave SENS-GENR:S/O-can LNK AOR-be.thin LNK LNK completely IPFV-INV-weave NEG:SENS-PROP-can
Translation: When [the threads] are thick, one can weave a lot in one day, when they are thin, it is not possible to weave.' (2011-06-thaXtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯʑo pɯtɯnɯɣenɯ nɯtɕu cuparkʰɤrkʰɤt apɯtɯɬoʁnɯ tɕe aʑo tʰɤlwa ɲɯɣɲɯɣ pjɯɬoʁa ŋu
Glosses: 2PL AOR:DOWN-2-VERT-come[II] DEM:LOC stone.step IRR-PFV:DOWN-2-come.out-PL LNK 1SG earth IDPH(II):soft IPFV:DOWN-come.out-1SG be:FACT
Translation: When you come back, take the stone steps, I will come down on the soft earth.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕetʰa pɯtɯari tɕe , ki akɤtɯɕtʰɯz tɕe , tɕetʰa junɯɕenɯ ɕti
Glosses: soon AOR:DOWN-2-go[II] LNK DEM.PROX IRR-PFV:EAST-2-turn.towards LNK soon IPFV-VERT-go-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: When you go down there, turn [this magical object] in their direction (of the râkshasas), and they will go back (from where they are from).' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʁa tu ri , tɕetʰa nɯmbrɤt tɕe tɕe [a<dian> nɯme] ndʐa ŋu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-free.time exist:FACT LNK soon AOR-ACAUS:break LNK LNK 1SG.POSS-electricity AOR-not.exist reason be:FACT
Translation: I have time (to talk with you), but in a moment when [the phone line] disconnects, it will be because [my cellphone] is out of battery.' (conversation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤmtʰɯm nɯ́wɣmbia tɕe , tundzea pɯŋu tɕe , kʰɤxtu ri pɯrɤʑia .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat AOR-INV-give-1SG LNK IPFV-eat[III]-1SG PST.IPFV-be LNK roof LOC PST.IPFV-stay-1SG
Translation: [Someone] had given me [a piece of] meat, and I was eating it, I was staying on the roof platform (and then a kite flew down and robbed it). (150909 qandZGi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤɕi , qaj , stoʁ staʁpɯ nɯra mɯ~mɤtʰɯ́wɣɣndʑɯr nɤ kɤndza mɤkʰɯ
Glosses: barley wheat broad.bean peas DEM:PL COND~NEG-AOR-INV-grind ADD INF-eat NEG-be.possible:FACT
Translation: If we don't grind barley, wheat, broad beans and peas, they cannot be eaten.' 06-BGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɯ~pɯnŋo nɤ , ndʑiʑo ʁnɯz ɣɯ ndʑiku cʰɯ́wɣpʰɯt ra
Glosses: COND~AOR-be.defeated ADD 2DU two GEN 2DU.POSS-head IPFV-INV-take.off be.needed:FACT
Translation: If he fails, we will decapitate both of you.' (140505 liuhaohan zoubian tianxia-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa [srɯnloʁpɯ kɯfse nakʰo] nɯnɯ koɕtʰɯz
Glosses: the.aforementioned ring-DIM SBJ:PCP-be.like AOR:3→3-give DEM IFR:EAST-turn.towards
Translation: He_i turned the little ring that [Smanmi Metog Koshana] had given him_i in their direction (of the râkshasas). (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S161"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯpi kɯ tɯ~tastu] nɯ tostu qʰe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-elder.sibling ERG TOTAL~AOR:3→3-do.like DEM IFR-do.like LNK
Translation: She did everything like her elder sister.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: srɯnloʁpɯ kɯfse ci ɲɤkʰo .
Glosses: ring-DIM SBJ:PCP-be.like INDEF IFR-give
Translation: [Smanmi Metog Koshana] gave him something like a little ring.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S150"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo [nɯznɤreta] pɯcʰaa
Glosses: 1SG AOR-CAUS-laugh-PST:TR-1SG AOR-can-1SG
Translation: I succeeded in making her laugh.' (140430 jin e-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003893#S166"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ʁmaʁ kɯ~kɯtu ʑo tʰɯstanɯ ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: DEM soldier TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-exist EMPH AOR-wake-PL SENS-be
Translation: All the soldiers woke up.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa kɯrɯru ʁmaʁmi nɯra cʰɤstanɯ .
Glosses: the.aforementioned SBJ:PCP-guard soldiers DEM:PL IFR-wake-PL
Translation: The guards woke up.' (140507 jinniao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [kɯwxti ni ndʑipʰe tatɯt] ri , [kɯwxti ni kɯ mɯtatɯtndʑi] ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: LNK SBJ:PCP-big DU 3DU.POSS-DAT AOR:3→3-say[II] LNK SBJ:PCP-big DU ERG NEG-AOR:3→3-say[II]-DU SENS-be
Translation: He told it_i to the two elder [sisters]_j, but they_j did not tell it_i [to their_j parents].' (2005-stod-kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “api ɲɯɕpaʁa" ti ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-elder.sibling SENS-be.thirsty-1SG say:FACT SENS-be
Translation: She said: `Sister, I am thirsty.” (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [stu kɯxtɕi nɯ ɯpʰe ti] nɤ , [nɯ kɯ li tatɯt] ɲɯŋu
Glosses: most SBJ:PCP-be.small DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT say:FACT ADD DEM ERG again AOR:3→3-say[II] SENS-be
Translation: He told it_i to the youngest [sister]_j, and she_j told it_i [to her parents].' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo cʰa kʰro kotsʰita
Glosses: 1SG alcohol much IFR-drink-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I drank a lot of alcohol.' (aesop zuoke de gou-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: maka nɤβzaŋlɤn βzea ra ma atɕɯ ɯsroʁ kotɯrit tɕe
Glosses: completely 2SG.POSS-payback make[III]:FACT-1SG be.needed:FACT LNK 1SG.POSS-son 3SG.POSS-life IFR-2-save-PST:TR LNK
Translation: I have to return the favour, as you have saved my son's life.' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe nɯ ɯqʰu tɕe tɕʰi totia ?
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-after LNK what IFR-say-1SG
Translation: What did I say after that?' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S159"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯtotata
Glosses: NEG-IFR-put-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I did not put [the tea on the oven].' (Conversation, 28-04-2018, Dpalcan)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: koŋla tɯrme ɲɤkɤβzunɯci
Glosses: really person IFR-PEG-become-PL-PEG
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤjpa kolɤt
Glosses: snow IFR-release
Translation: It snowed.' (elicited, see ex:jWfCWCAr.tAjpa.kalAt above)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci tokɤlaci
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water IFR-PEG-boil-PEG
Translation: The water boiled.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰɤxtu ri pɯrɤʑia tɕe tɤmtʰɯm tundzea pɯŋu ri , toʁde tɕendɤre qandʑɣi pjɤɣi tɕe , nɯra mɯpɯtsoa tɕe , ndɤre ajaʁ tɤmtʰɯm nɯnɯ tanɯmɟa tɕe
Glosses: terrace LOC PST.IPFV-stay-1SG LNK INDEF.POSS-meat IPFV-eat[III]-1SG PST.IPFV-be LNK suddenly LNK falcon IFR:DOWN-come LNK DEM:PL NEG-AOR-understand-1SG LNK LNK 1SG.POSS-hand INDEF-meat DEM AOR:3→3:UP-AUTO-take LNK
Translation: I was on the terrace eating meat, and suddenly a falcon came down without me noticing, and took away the [piece of] meat in my hand.' (150909 qandZGi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006358#S4"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre ʁnɯkuxtɕo tosɯmtsʰɤt tɕe
Glosses: LNK two-basket IFR-CAUS-be.full LNK
Translation: [The man] had filled two baskets (with the pears).' (chen-pear)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ kɯ ɯpaχɕi tɯkuxtɕo nɯ janɯtsɯm
Glosses: DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-apples one-basket DEM AOR:3→3-AUTO-take.away
Translation: [The boy] took away one basketful of pears.' (chen-pear)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rgɤtpu nɯ pɯɬoʁ ri , tɕe pjɤsɯχsɤl ri jonɯtsɯm ɕti tɕe ɯkɤpa maŋe ,
Glosses: old.man DEM AOR:DOWN-come.out LNK LNK IFR-realize LNK IFR-AUTO-take.away be.AFF:FACT LNK 3SG.POSS-method not.exist:SENS
Translation: When the old man came down from the tree, he realized that [the pears] had been taken away, but could not do anything about it.' (chen-pear)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: taʁi nɯ kɯ nɯŋa ɯndʐi nɯnɯ cʰɤrɤɣdɯt qʰendɤre cʰɤtʂɯβ . tɕendɤre nɤki , tamar tɯtɯɣɟaβ nɯ tondo qʰe , ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu koʑɣɤmpʰɯr .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-younger.sibling DEM ERG cow 3SG.POSS-skin DEM IFR-peel.skin LNK IFR-sew LNK FILLER INDEF.POSS-butter one-NMLZ:ACTION-churn DEM IFR-take LNK 3SG.POSS-inside DEM.LOC IFR-REFL-wrap
Translation: The younger brother skinned the hide of the cow and sewed it. He took one churnfull of butter, and wrapped himself inside [the hide].' (07-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci mɯtosɯɤlata
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water NEG-IFR-CAUS-be.boiling-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I did not put the water to boil.' (Conversation, 01-05-2018, Tshendzin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akʰi ma kɯki koŋla nɯ ɲɤkɤtɯɣaci
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-luck LNK DEM.PROX real DEM IFR-PEG-meet-1SG-PEG
Translation: I am lucky, I (finally) met a real [Daoist master].' (150907 laoshandaoshi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrme ɣɯ ɯʁjoʁ ɲɤkɤβzuaci
Glosses: man GEN 3SG.POSS-servant IFR-PEG-become-1SG-PEG
Translation: I have become a slave of the men.' (aesop ma he lu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯci kɤtata ri , <dian> mɯtozwara
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-water AOR-put-PST:TR-1SG LNK electricity NEG-IFR-burn-1SG
Translation: I put the water [on the oven], but did not open the electricity.' (Conversation, 04-05-2018, Tshendzin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mtsʰalu koɣɤndʑama ɲɯmaʁ
Glosses: nettle IFR-CAUS-be.warm-1SG SENS-not.be
Translation: It is not the nettles that I warmed.' (Conversation, 07-05-2018, Tshendzin)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɤnɯʑɯβ kordala
Glosses: INF-sleep IFR-overshoot-1SG
Translation: I overslept.' (elicitation)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɤnɯjmɯta
Glosses: IFR-AUTO-forget-1SG
Translation: I forgot.' (many attestations)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯr a<dianhua> jɤtɯlɤt ri mɯpjɤmtsʰama , kʰa pɯata tɕe
Glosses: yesterday 1SG.POSS-telephone IFR-2-release LNK NEG-IFR-hear-1SG house PST.IPFV-PASS-put LNK
Translation: Yesterday when you called [me] on the phone, I did not hear it, as [I was away and] had left the phone at home.' (conversation, 2015-06-18)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo kɯfse aŋkʰor nɯ mɯpjɤmtota
Glosses: 2SG SBJ:PCP-be.like 1SG.POSS-subject DEM NEG-IFR-see-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I have never seen anyone like you among my subjects.' (Smanmi 2003-2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɤʑɯ ʑo tompɕɤr
Glosses: even.more EMPH IFR-be.beautiful
Translation: [The Phoenix] became even more beautiful than before.' (150901 bainiaochaofeng-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006296#S77"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯrmɯmbju ɯpɯ nɯnɯ … ɯtɯɣmaz ra tomna tɕe , ɲɯnɯqambɯmbjom tocʰa .
Glosses: swallow 3SG.POSS-little.one DEM _ 3SG.POSS-wound PL IFR-be.better LNK IPFV-fly IFR-can
Translation: The swallow's wounds healed, and it was able to fly [again].' (150825 huluwa-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲimawozɤr nɯ kɯ , [srɯnmɯ nɯ pjɤftɯl], … [rŋgɯ kɤkɯnɤχtɕɤn ra pjɤftɯl], tɕe iɕqʰa srɯnmɯ nɯ ɣɯ ɯkɯra nɯra [smɤnmimitoʁkuɕana ri ɕkonɤʁdɤn] pjɤcʰa
Glosses: ANTHR DEM ERG râkshasî DEM IFR-subdue _ boulder AOR-SBJ:PCP-be.fierce PL IFR-subdue LNK FILLER râkshasî DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-be.needed DEM:PL ANTHR also TRAL-IFR:EAST-invite IFR-can
Translation: Nyima 'Odzer had subdued the râkshasî, subdued the magical boulders, and also succeeded in inviting Smanmi Metog Koshana to the east, as the râkshasî had requested. (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [zdɯm kɯɲaʁ nɯ cʰɤsɯjɣɤt] pjɤcʰa ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: cloud SBJ:PCP-be.black DEM IFR:DOWNSTREAM-CAUSE-turn.back IFR-can SENS-be
Translation: He succeeded in making the black cloud retreat.' (25-kAmYW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰɯmɤɕindʑi mɯpjɤcʰandʑi
Glosses: IPFV-be.rich-DU NEG-IFR.IPFV-can-DU
Translation: They were unable to become rich.' (Divination)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɯnɤpeta
Glosses: PST.IPFV-TROP-be.good-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I used to like it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rgɤnmɯ nɯ kɯ li iɕqʰa <yuwang> nɯ pjɤkɤsɯtʂɯβci
Glosses: old.woman DEM ERG again the.aforementioned net DEM IFR.IPFV-PEG-PROG-sew-PEG
Translation: The old woman was sewing nets (like before).' (140430 yufu he tade qizi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ajaʁ ri li kɯkɯra ntsɯ pɯtu tɕe pɯdɤn . tɕeri nɯ ɯqʰu li iɕqʰa stu kɯmɤku nɯkɯɬoʁ nɯnɯme qʰe tɕe ɲɤnɯme
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-hand LOC again DEM.PROX:PL always PST.IPFV-exist LNK PST.IPFV-be.many LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-after again FILLER MOST SBJ:PCP-be.first AOR-SBJ:PCP-come.out AOR-AUTO-not.exist LNK LNK IFR-AUTO-not.exist
Translation: I had [warts] on my hand there, and there were a lot. But later, the [wart] that had first come out disappeared by itself, and [the rest] disappeared.' (24-pGArtsAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯfɕɯr kʰɯ~kʰro ʑo jotɯlɤt ri mɯpjɤmtsʰama ma kʰamu pɯasɯβzua
Glosses: yesterday EMPH~much EMPH IFR-2-release LNK NEG-IFR-hear-1SG LNK cooking PST.IPFV-PROG-make-1SG
Translation: Yesterday you called [me] many times (on the phone), but I did not hear it, as I was cooking.' (conversation, 14-12-2018)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯnɯkʰɤdata ri , mɯ́jpʰɤn , tɕe pɯnɯɣɤwu ɕti
Glosses: girl AOR-convince-PST:TR-1SG LNK NEG:SENS-be.efficient LNK PST.IPFV-AUTO-cry be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I comforted the girl, but to no avail, [as] she was still crying.' (2003 zrAntCW tWrme)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: praʁkʰaŋ ci pjɤtu qʰe , praʁkʰaŋ ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu pjɤfsoʁ . nɯ ɯrkɯ nɯra rcanɯ , li nɤkinɯ , si ra pjɤkɤrŋici ʑo . nɤkinɯ , mɯntoʁ kɯnɤ wuma ʑo pjɤdɤn , tɕe pjɤsɤscit . … ɯŋgɯ loɕe ri , tɕe nɯnɯtɕu rgɤtpu χsɯm kɯ , nɤki , kumbrɤl pjɤkɤsɯlɤtnɯ
Glosses: cave INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist LNK cave 3SG.POSS-inside DEM:LOC IFR.IPFV-be.bright DEM 3SG.POSS-side DEM:LOC UNEXP:DEG again FILLER tree PL IFR.IPFV-PEG-be.green-PEG EMPH FILLER flower also really EMPH IFR.IPFV-be.many LNK IFR.IPFV-PROP-be.happy _ 3SG.POSS-inside IFR:UPSTREAM-go LNK LNK DEM:LOC old.man three ERG FILLER chess IFR.IPFV-PEG-PROG-release-PL
Translation: There was a cave. Inside the cave, there was light. Around it, the trees were green, and there were many flowers, it was a very nice [place]. (…) He entered [the cave], and in there there were three old men playing chess.' (150902 qixian-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wuma ʑo pɯasɯndzandʑi , pɯpe jamar ʑo tɕe tɕendɤre , nɯnɯ , nɤki , kʰa nɯ ɣɯ ɯkɯm toɲɟɯ
Glosses: really EMPH PST.IPFV-PROG-eat-DU PST.IPFV-be.good about EMPH LNK LNK DEM FILLER house DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-door IFR-ACAUS:open
Translation: While/Right at the moment when they were eating [the sweets] in big quantity and were [enjoying it], the door of the house opened.' (140507 tangguowu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ mɯɣʑɯsapa nɯ tɕeki nɯ tɕe apɯɤrɤt tɕe pɯpe ma
Glosses: DEM TOPO DEM down DEM LOC IRR-IPFV-PASS-write LNK PST.IPFV-be.good LNK
Translation: It would have been better if [the name] mɯɣʑɯsapa had been written down there (on a sheet of paper where many names of locations in the mountains had been written).' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S80"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤkʰa jɤɣea ri , aku kɤnɯrputa
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-house AOR-come[II]-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-head AOR-AUTO-bump-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: When I came to your house, I bumped my head (on the door frame).' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤkʰa jɤɣea ri , aku pjɯpʰaβa apɯŋu tɕe mɯpɯnɯrputa .
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-house AOR-come[II]-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-head IPFV-lower-1SG IRR-IPFV-be LNK NEG-PST.IPFV-AUTO-bump-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: When I came to your house, if I had lowered my head, I wouldn't have bumped it [into the door frame].' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme ci pɯtaʁ ɲɯŋu
Glosses: girl INDEF PST.IPFV-weave SENS-be
Translation: A girl was weaving.' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “ɕɯ kɯ nɯtɯ́wɣmbi tɤti ma mɤjɤɣ" kʰɯtinɯ .
Glosses: who ERG AOR-2-INV-give IMP-say apart.from NEG-be.possible:FACT ???-say-PL
Translation: Who gave this to you, you must tell us.' (2003-kWBRa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “nɤkɤχcɤl nɤʁrɯ nɯ pjɯtɯpʰɯt tɕe kɤnɯɕe ɲɯkʰɯ kʰi" ti ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-top.of.head 2SG.POSS-horn DEM IPFV-2-take.off LNK INF-AUTO-go SENS-be.possible SFP say:FACT SENS-be
Translation: He said: “If you remove the horn on the top of your head, it will be possible for you to go wherever you want.”.' (divination 2005,101)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu , nɤkinɯ , wuma ʑo spjaŋkɯ kɯmtsɯr ci pjɤtu . tɕendɤre nɯnɯtɕu ɯkɤndza aʁɤndɯndɤt pjɤkɤsɯɕarci .
Glosses: forest DEM:LOC FILLER really EMPH wolf SBJ:PCP-be.hungry INDEF IFR.IPFV-exist LNK DEM:LOC 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-eat everywhere IFR.IPFV-PEG-PROG-search-PEG
Translation: In the forest, there was a wolf, and he was looking for food everywhere.' (140428 xiaohongmao-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯtɯɤ́<wɣ>znɯkʰramba
Glosses: SENS-2-PROG<INV>-cheat
Translation: S/he is cheating you.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯŋga cʰɤɴɢraʁ ldʐɤβldʐɤβ ʑo ri , ɲɯɤ<nɯ>sɯŋga
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-clothes IFR-ACAUS:tear IDPH(II):in.shreds EMPH LNK SENS-PROG<AUTO>-wear
Translation: His clothes are torn to shreds, but he is still wearing them.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯzda kɯ ɲɯɤ́wɣnɯnɤjo
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-companion ERG SENS-PROG-AUTO-wait
Translation: His_i companion is waiting for him_i.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɲɯkɯɤsɯzgroʁa
Glosses: SENS-2→1-PROG-attach-1SG
Translation: You are tying me up.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: akɯ <xianzhong> ri <chuzhong> kuosɯβzjoz .
Glosses: east district.school LOC junior.high.school PRS-PROG-learn
Translation: She is in junior high school at the district school.' (14-siblings) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003508#S329"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: srɤz ɣɯ jɯm kuosɯɕari , lu χsɯxpa pɯŋkej pɯra ri
Glosses: prince GEN wife PRS-PROG-search-1PL year three-year PST.IPFV-walk-1PL PST.IPFV-be.needed LNK
Translation: We are looking for the prince's wife, we had to walk for three years.' (2003 sras)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ma tɤŋe me nɯtɕu tɕe , zdɯm luɣi ŋu tɕe , nɯ ɯngɯ nɯra , tɯmɯ kɯxtɕɯ~xtɕi ʑo asɯlɤt tɕe tɕe nɯnɯ βɣɤrtsʰi wuma ʑo dɤn .
Glosses: LNK sun not.exist:FACT DEM:LOC LNK cloud IPFV:UPSTREAM-come be:FACT LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-in DEM:PL INDEF.POSS-sky SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small EMPH PROG-release:FACT LNK LNK DEM mosquito really EMPH be.many:FACT
Translation: When the sun has not appeared (yet, in the morning), when clouds come, and there is a little rain, the mosquitoes are particularly numerous.' (25-RmArYWG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003652#S36"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ qaprɤŋar kɯ zdɯm tutɕɤt ŋu tɕe tɯmɯ lɤt tutinɯ ŋgrɤl
Glosses: DEM TOPO ERG cloud IPFV-take.out be:FACT LNK INDEF.POSS-sky release:FACT IPFV-say-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: [The snake from] Qaprangar is releasing clouds, and it will rain.' (140522 Kamnyu zgo-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S322"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki ɯmdoʁ ʑo asɯndo .
Glosses: DEM.PROX 3SG.POSS-colour EMPH PROG-take:FACT
Translation: It is this colour.' (23-mbrAZim) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003604#S6"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe aʁɤndɯndɤt ʑo <dagong> ntsɯ pɯasɯβzu tɕe nɤki , pɯnɯŋgra ntsɯ ri , japa ri tɕe , … <kaoshi> pɯcʰa
Glosses: LNK everywhere EMPH work.for.salary always PST.IPFV-PROG-make LNK FILLER PST.IPFV-work.for.salary always LNK last.year LOC LNK _ examination AOR-can
Translation: She used to do migrant work everywhere, but last year (…) she passed the exam (to become a civil servant).' (12-BzaNsa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: aʑo kɯkɯre ri jɯɣi pɯasɯrtoʁa ɕti tɕe , maka pɯmtota maka me
Glosses: 1SG DEM:LOC LOC book PST.IPFV-PROG-look-1SG be.AFF:FACT LNK at.all AOR-see-PST:TR-1SG at.all not.exist:FACT
Translation: I was here reading books, I did not see anything.' (150901 dongguo xiansheng he lang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: woja nɯ ɕɯŋgɯ kɯmaʁ smɤn , nɯnɯ kɯfse <gaipian> pɯtu nɯnɯ pɯasɯndzaa . tɕe nɯ tʰɯarɕo koʁmɯz nɤ , nɤʑo kɤtɯsɯɣɯt nɯ tundzea . nɤʑo kɤtɯsɯɣɯt nɯnɯ , <gaipian> ɲɯŋu ɣe , tɕe nɯ kuosɯndzaa .
Glosses: INTERJ DEM before other medicine DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like calcium.tablet PST.IPFV-exist DEM PST.IPFV-PROG-eat-1SG LNK DEM AOR-be.finished.up only.then ADD 2SG aor:east-2-CAUS-bring DEM IPFV-eat[III]-1SG 2SG aor:east-2-CAUS-bring DEM calcium.tablet SENS-be SFP LNK DEM PRS-PROG-eat-1SG
Translation: Before that I had other medicine, [another] calcium tablet like that, and that was the one I was taking. I [started] taking the [medicine] you sent me when [the previous one] was finished up. The [medicine] you sent me, the calcium tablet, I am taking that (now).' (conversation 17-08-21)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe [tɤpɤtso ra kɯ aznɯrdoʁnɯ ɯraŋ] ʑo tɕe tɕendɤre , ʑɤni daltsɯtsa ɲɤʑɣɤsɯɤrqʰindʑi tɕe
Glosses: LNK INDEF.POSS-child PL ERG PROG-collect:FACT-PL 3SG.POSS-time EMPH LOC LNK 3DU slowly IFR-REFL-CAUS-be.far-DU LNK
Translation: While the children were collecting [firewood](piece by piece), [their parents] slowly moved away (from them).' (160630 poucet1)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atɤlu toχtɯndʑi , apaχɕi ra toχtɯndʑi , <gongxun> kɯ iʑo jiskɤt ɲɯɤsɯβzu tɕe , `nɤtɤlu cʰo nɤpaχɕi tɤχtɯtɕi' nɯra ɲɯti .
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-milk IFR-buy-DU 1SG.POSS-apple PL IFR-buy-DU ANTHR ERG 1PL 1PL.POSS-language SENS-PROG-make LNK 2SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-milk COMIT 2SG.POSS-apple AOR-buy-1DU DEM:PL SENS-say
Translation: They bought milk and apples for me, and Gong Xun (龚勋) said, speaking in our language: `We bought milk and apples for you'.' (conversation, 17-08-21)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯnmaʁ nɯ japandʐi ri , wuma ʑo tɤngo tɕe zɯmi ʑo jɯnɯsi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-husband DEM the.year.before LOC really EMPH AOR-be.ill LNK almost EMPH PROXM-AOR-die
Translation: Her husband became sick a few years ago, and almost died.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: zɯmi jɯpɯ́wɣsata .
Glosses: almost PROXM-AOR-INV-kill-1SG
Translation: He almost killed me.' (150901 dongguo xiansheng he lang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006336#S132"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯlu ʑo jɯpjɤcɯ , tɯmu kɯ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-faint(1) EMPH PROXM-IFR-faint(2) NMLZ:ACTION-fear ERG
Translation: He almost fainted from fear.' (150909 hua pi-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006278#S66"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χsɯtɤxɯr jɯkoɕe ʑo tɕe , tɕe tɕe , nɯ ma mɯɲɤcʰa tɕe
Glosses: three-turn PROXM-IFR:EAST-go EMPH LNK LNK LNK DEM apart.from NEG-IFR-can LNK
Translation: He almost completed (was about to complete) the third lap, but could not [run] any more.' (2003 sras 110-111)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯnɯʑɯβ ʑo ɲɯŋu
Glosses: PROXM-sleep:FACT EMPH SENS-be
Translation: He is about to fall asleep.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: jɯatara ʑo ɲɯŋu
Glosses: PROXM-fall:FACT-1SG EMPH SENS-be
Translation: I am about to fall down.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯpɣi ci koŋla ʑo zɯmi jɯtukɯwɣrum kɯfse ci ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.grey INDEF completely EMPH almost PROXM-IPFV-SBJ:PCP-be.white SBJ:PCP-be.like INDEF SENS-be
Translation: It is grey, almost like it is about to become white.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯnɯnɯ ɯndʑɯɣ nɯnɯ apɯtu tɕe tɕendɤre , pɣa ra jɯɕkuzonɯ tɕe tɕe kúwɣndonɯ tɕe pjɯsinɯ pjɯŋgrɤl ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-resin DEM IRR-IPFV-exist LNK LNK bird PL PROXM-TRAL-IPFV-land-PL LNK LNK IPFV-INV-take-PL LNK IPFV-die-PL IPFV-be.usually.the.case SENS-be
Translation: If its resin appeared, birds would get stuck in it as soon as they landed [on the tree] and would die.' (140427 yanzi yu niaolei-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʁdɯxpa naχpu ɣɯ ɯtɕɯ kɯ atɕɯ sat pɯŋu ri , ɲɤtɯsɤtɯtat tɕe
Glosses: ANTHR ANTHR GEN 3SG.POSS-son ERG 1SG.POSS-son kill:FACT PST.IPFV-be LNK IFR-2-separate-PST:TR LNK
Translation: The son of Klu gdugpa nagpo was about to kill (almost killed) my son, but you separated them.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤmɯɣdɯ lɤt pjɤŋu ri … ɲɤsɯso tɕe
Glosses: gun release:FACT IFR.IPFV-be LNK _ IFR-think LNK
Translation: [The hunter] was about to shoot, but he thought `…” (140428 xiaohongmao-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003884#S140"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo tɯ́wɣɕaβ tɤŋu tɕe , aʑo kɯ ʁe nɯ ɲɯɕtʰɯza
Glosses: 2SG 2-INV-catch.up:FACT AOR-be LNK 1SG ERG left DEM IPFV:WEST-turn.towards-1SG
Translation: When they are about to catch up with you, I will turn my left [hand] in their direction. (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wo awɤmɯ ra mɤtɯɣinɯ ɯ́ŋu ma , kɯndza ɲɯŋu
Glosses: INTERJ 1SG.POSS-brother PL NEG-2-come:FACT-PL QU-be:FACT LNK GENR:S/O-eat:FACT SENS-be
Translation: My brothers, aren't you coming, [the râkshasî] is about to eat us!' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: sɤrŋgɯ~rŋgɯ kɯnɤ tɯkɤrnoʁ ɲɯmtɕɯr tɕe , “atara ɲɯŋu" kɤsɯso ʑo ntɕʰɤr
Glosses: GER-lie.down also GENR.POSS-brain IPFV-turn LNK fall:FACT-1SG SENS-be INF-think EMPH appear:FACT
Translation: Even lying down, you feel dizzy, and it feels like you are about to fall down.' (29-tAmtshAzkAkWndo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki χɕɤl ɲɯɕti tɕe , nɯ fse laχtɕʰa ɯŋgɯ cʰɯtɯrke tɕe ɕɯɴɢrɯ kɯ !
Glosses: DEM.PROX glass SENS-be LNK DEM be.like:FACT thing 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-2-put.in[III] LNK APPR-ACAUS:break SFP
Translation: This is [made of] glass, if you put it like that in something else, I am afraid it will break.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atɕɯ nɯ kɯ kʰɯtsa tando tɕe , ɕanɯqrɯ kɯ !
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-son DEM ERG bowl AOR:3→3-take LNK APPR:3→3-AUTO-break SFP
Translation: My son took the bowl, I am afraid that he will break it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmɯ ɕalɤt kɯ
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-weather APPR:3→3-release SFP
Translation: I am afraid that it will rain.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ ɕɯtɯnɤmat kɯ
Glosses: DEM APPR-2-do-PST:TR SFP
Translation: I am afraid that you will do that.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯtɯtɯt kɯ
Glosses: APPR-2-say[II] SFP
Translation: I am afraid that you will say it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯa<nɯ>ri kɯ
Glosses: APPR-<AUTO>go[II] SFP
Translation: I am afraid that he will go away.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɤʑo stɤβtsʰɤt ci mɯɕɯtɯcʰa] ɲɯsɯsama tɕe , nɯ ɲɯnɯzdɯɣa wo
Glosses: 2SG contest INDEF NEG-APPREHENSIVE-2-can SENS-think[III]-1SG LNK DEM SENS-be.worried-1SG SFP
Translation: I fear that you will not win the contest, this is what I am worried about.' (2003 sras)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɕɯmaqʰua kɯ ʑo] ɲɤsɯsonɯ tɕe rcanɯ , pɕoʁʑi kɯβde ʑo joɣinɯ .
Glosses: APPR-be.after-1SG SFP EMPH IFR-think LNK unexpectedly corner four EMPH IFR-come-PL
Translation: Afraid of being late (thinking `I am afraid that I will be late'), they came from the four corners of the world.' (150906 toutao)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mɯɕɯkʰɯ kɯ nɯsɯsota
Glosses: NEG-APPR-be.possible SFP AOR-think-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I thought it would not work.' (conversation, 02-05-2018; after opening a washing machine, expecting it would not open)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɯkɯmpɕaa kɯ !
Glosses: APPREHENSIVE-2→1-scold-1SG SFP
Translation: I am afraid that you will scold me.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: cʰaa ɕi mɤcʰaa mɤxsi , pɤjkʰu xtɕia ɕti
Glosses: can:FACT-1SG QU NEG-can:FACT-1SG NEG-GENR:know:FACT still be.small:FACT-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I don't know whether I will be able to do it, I am still young.' (2010-09)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmɤjɤazɣɯt
Glosses: PROB-AOR-arrive
Translation: He probably has already arrived.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕiɬaʁ nɯnɯ , tɕitaʁ ɯmɤpe
Glosses: 1DU.POSS-MZ DEM 1DU.POSS-on PROB-be.good:FACT
Translation: (Now that we have money), maybe our stepmother will treat us better.' (140507 tangguowu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003933#S151"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤja ndʑiɕki tɤtɯta ri , mɯtatɯtndʑi ɯmɤŋu ma
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-sister 3DU.POSS-DAT AOR:3→3-say[II]-1SG LNK NEG-AOR:3→3-say[II]-DU PROB-be:FACT SFP
Translation: I have told your two elder sisters, but they presumably have not told [your parents] about it (since they have not given any answer).' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɕɤr tɕe tumbri tɕe , “qaqaqaqa" tuti ŋu tɕe nɯnɯ pɣɤɲaʁ ŋu . “pɣɤɲaʁ ŋu" tutinɯ , ŋu tɕe ɯmɤŋu ma mɤxsi matɕi ɕɤr ndɤre mɯ́jsɤmto tɕe .
Glosses: night LOC IPFV-cry LNK INTERJ IPFV-say be:FACT LNK DEM pheasant be:FACT pheasant be:FACT IPFV-say-PL be:FACT LNK PROB-be:FACT LNK NEG-GENR:know:FACT LNK night LOC NEG:SENS-PROP-see LNK
Translation: It sings at night, it makes the sound qaqaqaqa, that is the pheasant Pucrasia macrolopha. They say it is the Pucrasia macrolopha, maybe it is, we don't know, at night it is not visible.' (23-pGAYaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pɣa ra kɯ tundzanɯ ɯmɤkɯŋuci ma
Glosses: bird PL ERG IPFV-eat-PL PROB-PEG-be-PEG LNK
Translation: Maybe birds eat it.' (17-thowum) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003526#S39"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: alo tɕu rgɯnba ci ɣɤʑu ɯmɤkɯŋuci tɕe
Glosses: upstream LOC temple INDEF exist:SENS PROB-PEG-be-PEG LNK
Translation: It looks like there is a temple up there.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmɤcʰɯmɤɕia
Glosses: PROB-IPFV-be.rich-1SG
Translation: If only I could become rich!' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “iɕqʰa rɟɤlpu ɯtɕɯ nɯ ɯmɤpjɯmtama" ntsɯ ɲɯsɯsɤm pjɤŋu .
Glosses: the.aforementioned king 3SG.POSS-son DEM PROB-IPFV-see[III]-1SG always IPFV-think[III] IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: She was thinking all the time: `If only I could see the prince!” (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “nɯkʰi ɣe" ti qʰe ,
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-luck SFP say:FACT LNK
Translation: She said: `They are so lucky.' (to have so much cattle).
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “tɕiʑɤɣ ɯmɤpjɯŋu nɤ lɤɣi wo !" ntsɯ tuti pɯŋu ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: 1DU:GEN PROB-IPFV-be ADD IMP:UPSTREAM-come always SFP IPFV-say PST.IPFV-be SENS-be
Translation: He said each time: `Maybe [this cattle] will be ours, come.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: rcanɯ mti pjɯrɯ ʁɟa ʑo tɤrɤmɕkʰo pɯŋu ɲɯŋu . `nɯ ami pjɯtea ri ɯβrɤsqlɯm ma' nasɯso ɲɯŋu
Glosses: UNEXP:DEG turquoise coral completely EMPH floor PST.IPFV-be SENS-be DEM 1SG.POSS-foot IPFV:DOWN-put[III]-1SG LNK RH.Q-collapse:FACT SFP AOR:3→3-think SENS-be
Translation: The floor was all tiled with and turquoise and coral. She thought `If I tread on it, it will not yield under my weight, will it?” (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯrmɯkʰa nɤ nɯβɣo jɤazɣɯt nɤ “joβ ɯβrɤɕtɤtɯtɯtnɯ ?" ti ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: evening ADD 3PL.POSS-FB AOR-arrive ADD INTERJ RH.Q-TRAL-AOR-2-say[II]-PL say:FACT SENS-be
Translation: In the evening, their lama arrived and said: `You did not go and say joβ (to the girl), did you?' (2003kandZislama)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “ataʁ nɯtɕu , loŋbutɕʰi nɯ ɯβrɤɣɯrŋgɯ ma" ɲɯsɯsɤm tɕe , nɯ ntsɯ ɯkɤnɯzdɯɣ ɲɯŋu kʰi
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-on DEM:LOC elephant DEM RH.Q-CISL-lie.down:FACT SFP IPFV-think[III] LNK DEM always 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-worry/about SENS-be HEARSAY
Translation: [The marmot]_i thinks: `The elephant_j won't come and sleep on my [hole], will it_j?', this is what it_i worried about.' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: amu , jɯɣmɯr tɕe kʰu ɯβrɤɣi ɣe !
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-mother this.evening LNK tiger RH.Q-come:FACT SFP
Translation: Mother, the tiger will come this evening (to eat us), won't it?' (X1-khu)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤki nɯtɤɲi ɯtaʁ kɤrɤt nɯ ɯβrɤkɯznɤmɲoanɯ ?
Glosses: DEM:MEDIAL 2PL.POSS-staff 3SG.POSS-on OBJ:PCP-write DEM RH.Q-2→1-CAUS-watch-1SG-PL
Translation: You wouldn't show me what is written on that staff of yours, would you?' (2003 sras)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯʑo ra χsɯm nɯ , [arʑaβ cʰɯtɯɣinɯ] ɯβrɤjɤɣ ?
Glosses: 2PL PL three DEM 1SG.POSS-wife IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-2-come-PL RH.Q-be.possible:FACT
Translation: The three of you, would you come [to my palace and become] my wives?' (Norzang 2005)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤkɯmŋɤm ɯβrɤkutu , nɤɕqʰe ɯβrɤkutʰɯ ?
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-hurt RH.Q-PRS-exist 2SG.POSS-cough RH.Q-PRS-be.serious
Translation: You don't have a disease (these days), do you? Your cough is not serious, is it?' (conversation, 2016-03-20)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: pʰɤn ɯβrɤpjɯtua ri ʁdɯɣ nɯ ɯβrɤpjɯtua tɕe tɤrca cʰɯɣia je
Glosses: be.efficient:FACT QU.R-IPFV-exist-1SG LNK harm:FACT DEM QU.R-IPFV-exist-1SG LNK INDEF.POSS-together IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-1SG SFP
Translation: Even if I am of no use at least I will not do any harm, let me come along!' (X1-tWJo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kʰro ɯβrɤkɯpeci
Glosses: much RH.Q-PEG-be.good:FACT-PEG
Translation: [What you are proposing] does not look nice (fair).' (140506 nongfu he mogui-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003925#S69"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʁloŋbutɕʰi nɯ , ɯrme ra ɯβrɤkɯtuci
Glosses: elephant DEM 3SG.POSS-hair PL RH.Q-PEG-exist:FACT-PEG
Translation: The elephant, it seems that it does not have hair (on its body).' (19-RloNbutChi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003550#S8"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯki ɲɯtɯkʰɤm ɯ́jɤɣ
Glosses: DEM.PROX IPFV-2-give[III] QU-be.possible:FACT
Translation: Could you pass [me] this thing?' (2003, conversation taRrdo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ki sakaβ ɯrkɯ nɯtɕu si ɯɣɤ́ʑu ?
Glosses: DEM.PROX well 3SG.POSS-side DEM:LOC tree QU-exist:SENS
Translation: Are there trees near this well?' (140517 mogui de jing-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: wortɕʰi ʑo atɤtɯtʰe ɯ́jɤɣ ?
Glosses: please EMPH IRR-PFV-2-ask[III] QU-be.possible:FACT
Translation: Can you ask [for me]?' (divination 2002)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “nɤnmaʁ nɯ atɤsɯsu” ɯɲɯ́tɯsɯsɤm nɤ , kɯki tɤndze
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-husband DEM IRR-PFV-live QU-SENS-2-think[III] ADD DEM.PROX IMP-eat[III]
Translation: If you want your husband to live, eat this!' (150909 hua pi-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006278#S164"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ nɯ ŋu ci ma me ɲɯsɯsɤm qʰe ,
Glosses: DEM ERG DEM be:FACT INDEF apart.from not.exist:FACT SENS-think[III] LNK
Translation: It believed that it was like that.' (`The sparrow believed that making a nest in the chimney was safe, but in the end it was asphyxiated by the smoke and died.') (160707 kumpGAtCW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ʑa zɣɯta ci ma me nɯsɯsota ri , tɤmda tɕe pjɤkɤrqʰici .
Glosses: soon arrive:FACT-1SG INDEF apart.from not.exist:FACT AOR-think-PST:TR-1SG LNK AOR-be.the.time LNK IFR.IPFV-PEG-be.far-PEG
Translation: I thought that I would arrive quickly, but it turns out that it was very far.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qajdo kɯ tɕʰi mɤnɯti ɕti nɤ , atɤnɯti ma ŋu cinɤ maʁ kɯ , nɯ sɤznɤ kɯscɯscit rɤʑitɕi
Glosses: crow ERG what NEG-AUTO-say:FACT be.AFF:FACT LNK IRR-PFV-AUTO-say LNK be:FACT even not.be:FACT SFP DEM COMP SBJ:PCP-EMPH~happy stay:FACT-1DU
Translation: What wouldn't a crow say (a crow tells only lies), let it say what it wants, in any case none of it is true, let us live [together] happily rather (than worrying about that).' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯmɯrkɯ ŋua cinɤ maʁ kɯ
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-steal be:FACT-1SG even not.be SFP
Translation: Anyway it is not I who am the thief.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯmɤlɤjaʁ nɯ , … kɯrcɤldʑa jamar ɣɤʑu] ɯmdoʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-limb DEM _ eight-piece about exist:SENS 3SG.POSS-colour
Translation: It looks like [the spider] has eight limbs.' (26-mYaRmtsaR-48) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003672#S6"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [iɕqʰa nɯ [kɤntɕʰɯsŋi ʑo tundzanɯ] ɲɯrtaʁ] ɯmdoʁ
Glosses: the.aforementioned DEM several-day EMPH IPFV-eat-PL SENS-be.enough 3SG.POSS-colour
Translation: It looks like [the meat from one of those] is enough [for the lions] to eat for several days.' (20-sWNgi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: χpɯn kɯtsʰu nɯ maka mɯɲɯmɯnmu tɕe kunɯrɤʑi pjɤɕti ma [kɯɕe] mɯpjɤnɯmdoʁ .
Glosses: monk SBJ:PCP-be.fat DEM at.all NEG-IPFV-move LNK IPFV-AUTO-stay IFR.IPFV-be.AFF LNK SBJ:PCP-go NEG-IFR.IPFV-look.like
Translation: The fat monk was not moving and remained there, and did not look like he was going [anywhere].' (150830 san ge heshang-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [kɯɕe] ɲɯtɯnɯmdoʁ
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-go SENS-2-look.like
Translation: You look like you are going.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [tɯrme kɯpe ci] ɲɯnɯmdoʁ
Glosses: person SBJ:PCP-be.good INDEF SENS-look.like
Translation: He looks like someone nice.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme kɯmpɕɯ~mpɕɤr nɤɕɣa kɯxtɕɯ~xtɕi ʑo , tɯrme ntsɯ tɯndze mɤkɯra ci anɯtɯɤβzu smɯlɤm
Glosses: girl SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.beautiful 2SG.POSS-tooth/age SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small EMPH people always 2-eat[III]:FACT NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.needed INDEF IRR-PFV-2-become prayer
Translation: May you become a very beautiful, nice and young girl who does not have to eat humans.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯ tɤnɯndɤm tɕe tɯmɤɕi smɯlɤm
Glosses: DEM IMP-AUTO-take[III] LNK 2-be.rich:FACT prayer
Translation: Take (this cattle and, and may you be rich!' (2003kAndzwsqhaj2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯʑora kɯnɤ tɯscitnɯ tɕe nɯ , nɯkɯmŋɤm ra apɯme smɯlɤm nɤ !
Glosses: 2PL also 2-be.happy:FACT LNK DEM 2PL.POSS-SBJ:PCP-hurt PL IRR-IPFV-not.exist prayer SFP
Translation: May you be happy and be free from any disease.' (conversation, 15-01-02)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: smɯlɤm nɯ nandɯnnɯ ndɤre , “ki ɯʁɤri nɯ sɯstaʁ ʑo kɯɤcʰɯcʰa , ki ɯʁɤri nɯ sɯstaʁ ʑo kɯpe … anɯβze smɯlɤm" tatɯtnɯ
Glosses: prayer DEM AOR:3→3-read-PL LNK DEM.PROX 3SG.POSS-before DEM COMP EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.capable DEM.PROX 3SG.POSS-before DEM COMP EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.good _ IRR-PFV-make[III] prayer AOR:3→3-say[II]-PL
Translation: They recited the prayer, and said `May you become even stronger and better than before.” (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɤʑo atʰɯtɯmɤɕi ɲɯnɯsmɯlama
Glosses: 2SG IRR-PFV-2-be.rich SENS-DENOM-prayer-1SG
Translation: I wish that you will become rich.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯmu ɯwa ni] ʁnaʁna ɲɤsindʑi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-father du both IFR-die-DU
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯkɯra <xuexiao> ɲɯrganɯ .
Glosses: DEM.PROX:PL school SENS-like-PL
Translation: Those (the children) like school.' (conversation, 14-05-10)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɤɕi nɯ , pɣa ra nɯstʰi mɤrganɯ .
Glosses: barley DEM bird PL that.much NEG-like:FACT-PL
Translation: The barley, the birds don't like it so much.' (23-pGAYaR)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯpi ni] tʂu kɯwxti nɯtɕu joɕendʑi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-elder.sibling DU road SBJ:PCP-be.big DEM:LOC IFR-go-DU
Translation: His two elder brothers went [along] the big road.' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯmɯnɤmkʰa nɯtɕu [qro χsɯm] pjɯɣinɯ
Glosses: heaven DEM:LOC pigeon three IPFV:DOWN-come-PL
Translation: (Every day), three pigeon came down from heaven.' (02-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mtsʰu ɣɯ ɯŋgɯ nɯtɕu [mtsʰoʁlaŋ] tonɯɬoʁ
Glosses: lake GEN 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC water.monster IFR-AUTO-come.out
Translation: A water monster came out of the lake.' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯɣli nɯ] li tɤrɤku ɯtaʁ wuma ʑo pe
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-dung DEM again INDEF.POSS-crop 3SG.POSS-on really EMPH be.good:FACT
Translation: Its dung is good (as fertilizer) for the crops.' (05-qaZo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003404#S89"></fn>
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕendɤre [ʑɤni pɣa ni] ʑmbrɯ ɯtaʁ kɤarindʑi ɲɯŋu .
Glosses: lnk 3DU bird DU boat 3SG.POSS-on AOR:EAST-go[II] SENS-be
Translation: The two of them [including the bird] departed on the boat.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe <zhoujikong> tɕe mɤʑɯ li ataʁ tɯrme penɯ ma
Glosses: LNK center.for.disease.control LNK even.more again 1SG.POSS-on person be.good:FACT-PL LNK
Translation: At the district center for disease control, they are also very nice to me (as people).' (140501 tshering skyid)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯɣɤrʁaʁ nɯra kɯ qartsʰaz ɯpɯ nɯ pjɤmtonɯ
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-hunt DEM:PL ERG deer 3SG.POSS-little DEM IFR-see-PL
Translation: The hunters saw the little deer.' (140429 jiedi-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: atɕɯ , jirɣa ra nɯmbala kɯ tʰanɯtsɯm tɕe nɯnɯ ɯkɯɕar ɕetɕi
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-son 1PL.POSS-neighbour PL 3PL.POSS-ox ERG AOR:3→3-AUTO-take.away LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-search go:FACT-1DU
Translation: My son_i, the neighbour's ox has taken him_i away, and we are looking for him_i.' (tWJo 2012)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmpʰɯz nɯnɯ tɤjpɣom kɯ pjɤndo
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-buttocks DEM ice ERG IFR-take
Translation: (The leopard's) buttocks had been caught in the ice.' (140427 qala)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <chunjie> nɯnɯ kɯ janɯtsɯm ŋu tʰaŋ
Glosses: ANTHR DEM ERG AOR:3→3-VERT-take.away be:FACT SFP
Translation: It is probably him who took away Chunjie.' (150825 huluwa-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯʁi tɯmgo ɲɤmbi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-younger.sibling food IFR-give
Translation: He gave food to his younger brother.' (nyima 2003-2)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯpɯ tɯnɯ ɲɯjtsʰi kɯnɤ ʑo
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-young INDEF.POSS-breast IPFV-give.to.drink also EMPH
Translation: Even when [the monkey mother] nurses her baby,…' (19-GzW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ kɯ qajɣi kɤkɯɕke nɯra kɯlɤɣ nɯ nambi
Glosses: girl DEM ERG bread AOR-SBJ:PCP-burn DEM:pl SBJ:PCP-herd DEM AOR:3→3-give
Translation: The girl gave the shepherd pieces of bread that had burnt (to eat).' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯmbro kɯ qapri tɯrdoʁ nɯ pjɤzrɤtɕaʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-horse ERG snake one-piece DEM IFR-CAUS-trample
Translation: He made his horse trample one of the [two] snakes.' (smanmi 2003)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: “ʑmbrɯβɟaj nɯnɯ kɯ cʰa nɯ túwɣsɯɕmi tɕe cʰa mɯm" tutinɯ pɯŋu ma
Glosses: boat-oar DEM ERG alcohol DEM IPFV-INV-CAUS-mix LNK alcohol be.tasty:FACT IPFV-say-PL PST.IPFV-be LNK
Translation: People used to say that if one mixes the alcohol [using] a boat oar, it is tasty.' (31-cha)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qandʐe ɣɯ , (...) ɯɕnɤz nɯnɯ , ɯmtɕʰi kɯ kusɯndɤm tɕe
Glosses: earthworm GEN _ 3SG.POSS-extremity DEM 3SG.POSS-mouth ERG IPFV-CAUS-take[III] LNK
Translation: [The earthworm's head] extremity, [the crow] takes it with its beak.' (140511 qajdo)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕe ndʑitɕɯ nɯ ɲimawozɤr tosɤrminɯ
Glosses: LNK 3DU.POSS-son DEM ANTHR IFR-give.a.name-PL
Translation: They called their son Nyima 'Odzer.' (2011-05-nyima)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: iɕqʰa nɯnɯ tɤtɕɯ nɯ kɯ [ɯmu nɯ ɯɕki] (...) toti .
Glosses: the.aforementioned DEM INDEF.POSS-son DEM ERG 3SG.POSS-mother DEM 3SG.POSS-DAT _ IFR-say
Translation: The boy said to his mother (…).' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: <alading> nɯ kɯ , nɤkinɯ , iɕqʰa tɤtʂu nɯ [ɯmu ɯɕki] ɲɤkʰo tɕe ,
Glosses: ANTHR DEM ERG FILLER the.aforementioned lamp DEM 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-DAT IFR-give LNK
Translation: Aladin gave the lamp to his mother.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [ɯmu ɯɕki] tɤtʂu nɯ ɲɤkʰo .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-mother 3SG.POSS-DAT lamp DEM IFR-give
Translation: He gave his mother the lamp.' (140511 alading-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: [nɯkɯlɤɣ luɕea ɯɲɯ́pe atɤtɯti ra] kɯwxti ni ndʑipʰe ti ɲɯŋu
Glosses: 2DU.POSS-SBJ:PCP-herd IPFV:UPSTREAM-go-1SG QU-SENS-be.good IRR-PFV-2-say be.needed:FACT SBJ:PCP-be.big DU 3DU-DAT say:FACT SENS-be
Translation: He told the two elder [sisters] `Ask [your parents] whether it would be appropriate for me to go herding [cattle] for you'.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: kɯɣɤrʁaʁ kɯ [pri ɯtaʁ] tɯdi tolɤt
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-hunt ERG bear 3SG.POSS-on arrow IFR-release
Translation: The hunter shot an arrow at the bear.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tandza
Glosses: AOR:3→3-eat
Translation: S/he/it ate it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɕʰemɤpɯ nɯ kɯ ɲɤ́wɣnɯsɯkʰo tɕe mɯpjɤβɟɤt .
Glosses: girl DEM ERG IFR-INV-rob LNK NEG-IFR-obtain
Translation: The girl had robbed him_i of it_j, he_i had not obtained it_j.' (150829 taishan zhi zhu-zh)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: qapri tuɕe ri mɯ́jcʰa tɕe
Glosses: snake IPFV:UP-go also NEG:SENS-can LNK
Translation: Snakes cannot go up (there in the chimney) either.' (22-kumpGatCW)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯzda ɲɯɕar ɲɯsɯsɤm tɕe tɕendɤre , ki kɯfse kuɕe nɤ ɲɯɣi
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-companion IPFV-search SENS-think LNK LNK DEM INF:STAT-be.like IPFV:EAST-go ADD IPFV:west-come
Translation: [That ant] wants to search for its companion, and goes here and fro like that.' (conversation 140501-01)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: nɯnɯ χpɯn nɯ kɯ tɯdi ci kolɤt tɕendɤre iɕqʰa , qapri nɯ ɣɯ ɯrpaʁ ʑo toxtsɯɣ
Glosses: DEM monk DEM ERG arrow INDEF IFR:EAST-release LNK FILLER snake DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-shoulder EMPH IFR-hit
Translation: The monk shot an arrow, and it hit the snake in the shoulder.' (150820 qaprANar)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: tɯdi jɤlɤtnɯ
Glosses: arrow IMP-release-PL
Translation: Shoot arrows!' (elicited, based on a story)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtɯmɯɕtaʁ ʑo pjɤŋu ri , ɲɤnɤɕqa qʰe , “ɯtɕʰɯtɕʰɯ" mɯtoti
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.cold EMPH IFR.IPFV-be LNK IFR-endure LNK INTERJ NEG-IFR-say
Translation: Although it was very cold, he (successfully) endured it, and did not say `How cold!'.' (07-deluge)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯtaʁ tɯdi tolɤt
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-on arrow IFR-release
Translation: S/he shot at it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: ɯɕki (...) toti
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-DAT reported.speech IFR-say
Translation: S/he told (…) to him/her.' (many examples)
Language: Japhug
Transcription: mtʰɯmɤr ɣɯ ɯzbroŋ nɯnɯ , tunɯɬoʁ ɲɯŋu . tumɤmbɯr kɯfse ɲɯŋu tɕe nɯ mɤnaχtɕɯɣ .
Glosses: seal GEN 3SG.POSS-pattern DEM IPFV:UP-AUTO-come.out SENS-be IPFV-be.protuberant SBJ:PCP-be.like SENS-be LNK DEM NEG-be.the.same:FACT
Translation: The patterns on the seals (called mtʰɯmɤr) are coming out, protuberant, that is how they differ [from the other types of seals].' (160706 thotsi)