lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e `alu `a e pusi.
Glosses: past go abs det cat
Translation: The cat went.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e kai `e Sione `a e ika lahi.
Glosses: past eat erg (name) abs det fish big
Translation: Sione ate the big fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e kai ika lahi `a Sione.
Glosses: past eat fish big abs (name)
Translation: Sione ate a lot of fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e kai ika `a/`e Sione `a e lahi
Glosses: past eat fish abs/erg (name) abs det big
Translation: Sione fish-ate the big one
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e kai `e Sione `a e lahi p ea kai `e Siale `a e iiki.
Glosses: past eat erg (name) abs det big and eat erg (name) abs det small
Translation: Sione ate the big one and Siale ate the small one
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e kaiha`a lole `e Sione `a e M&M's
Glosses: past steal candy erg (name) abs det (kind of candy)
Translation: Sione candy-stole the M&M's
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e t¯o `e Sione `a e `akau `i he manioke.
Glosses: past plant erg (name) abs det tree in det cassava
Translation: Sione planted the tree in an area that contains cassava
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e t¯ `e Ana o e e k¯ a.
Glosses: past hit erg (name) abs det banjo b e.like pres det guitar
Translation: Ana played the banjo like a guitar
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e foaki `e Mele `a e me`ava`inga ki he pusi.
Glosses: past give.away erg (name) abs det play-thing to det cat
Translation: Mele gave the toy to the cat
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e foaki me`ava`inga `a Mele ki he pusi.
Glosses: past give.away play-thing abs (name) to det cat
Translation: Mele gave the toy to the cat
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e foaki pusi `e Mele `a e me`ava`inga
Glosses: past give.away cat erg (name) abs det play-thing
Translation: Mele cat-gave the toy
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e tofi hele `e Sione `a e fain¯a
Glosses: past cut knife erg (name) abs det pineapple
Translation: Sione knife-cut the pineapples
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e tolongi `e Pita `a e fo`i pulu `aki `a e fu`u `akau
Glosses: past throw-tr erg (name) abs det ball with abs det tree
Translation: Pita threw a ball at the tree.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e tolo `akau `e Pita `a e fo`i pulu.
Glosses: past throw tree erg (name) abs det ball
Translation: Pita threw the ball at
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e `ave `e Sione `a e tohi ki he`ene tamai `i he vakapuna.
Glosses: past send erg (name) abs det letter to 3sg.poss uncle in det airplane
Translation: Sione sent the letter to his uncle by plane.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: na'e tmate'i `e he talavou `a Tolu
Glosses: PST kill ERG art youth ABS Tolu
Translation: The youth killed Tolu
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: na'e lea `a e talavou
Glosses: PST speak ABS art youth
Translation: The youth spoke
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: pule-`anga
Glosses: rule-N M L Z
Translation: kingdom, government' (Churchward, 1959, 420),
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na`e to manioke iiki `a Sione.
Glosses: PA S T plant cassava small A B S
Translation: Sione planted a small amount of cassava.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Kuo u sio ki he tangata na`e /*ne tangi.
Glosses: P E R F 1 S G see to D E T man PA S T (gap)/3 SG cry
Translation: I saw the man who cried.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Kuo u sio ki he tangata na`e /*ne fakatau kahoa.
Glosses: P E R F 1 S G see to D E T man PA S T (gap)/3 SG sell necklace
Translation: I saw the man who sold necklaces.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Ko e hala 'oku lahi.
Glosses: prstnl the road pres wide
Translation: The road is wide.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e faka-lahi e he puleanga 'a e hala.
Glosses: past faka-wide erg the government abs the road
Translation: The government widened the road.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e faka-lahi e he puleanga 'a e hala.
Glosses: past cause-wide erg the government abs the road
Translation: The government widened the road.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `oku sai'ia `a Sione ke (ne) t `a e kakai fefiné
Glosses: PROG like ABS john SUBJ 3SG hit ABS DET people woman
Translation: John likes (for himself) to hit the woman.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: §oku §alu e fine§eiki ki kolo
Glosses: PRES go the lady to town
Translation: The lady is going to town.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na§e §alu e fine§eiki ki kolo
Glosses: PAST go the lady to town
Translation: The lady was going to town.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `oku lolotonga puna (`a) e vakapuna
Glosses: PROG PROG.AUX f ly ABS the airplane
Translation: An airplane is flying.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: na'e taa'i `e Mele `a Sione
Glosses: PST hit ERG Mary ABS John
Translation: Mary hit John.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `oku lolotonga puna ha vakapuna
Glosses: PROG PROG.AUX f ly a airplane
Translation: Some airplane or other is flying.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: ha fanga pulu
Glosses: INDEF PL cow
Translation: some cows
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: ha ongo puha
Glosses: INDEF DU box
Translation: two boxes
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e si'i 'ae akó
Glosses: PAST small ABS school: DEF
Translation: The school was small
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: i' 'ene si'í
Glosses: in POS.3SG childhood:DEF
Translation: in his/her childhood
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e kai 'e Sione 'a e ika
Glosses: PAST eat ERG John ABS DEF fish
Translation: John ate the fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e kai 'a e tamasi'i 'i he ika
Glosses: PAST eat ABS DEF boy OBL the fish
Translation: The boy ate some of the fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na e kata (* a) ha taha.
Glosses: pst laugh abs nonspec.art one
Translation: Somebody laughed.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na e kata ( a) ia.
Glosses: pst laugh abs 3sg
Translation: He laughed.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na e kata *( a) Sione.
Glosses: pst laugh abs Sione
Translation: Sione laughed.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Ke ma a *( a) peito!
Glosses: subj clean abs kitchen
Translation: Let the kitchen be clean!
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na e ma u ( a) e ongo fu u anga e ua i Maasi 1 ( e) he kau toutai mei Kolonga.
Glosses: pst get abs spec.art dual cl shark lnk 2 loc March 1 erg obl.spec.art pl fisher abl Kolonga
Translation: Fishermen from Kolonga caught two (big) sharks on 1st March.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na e alu a Sione ki kolo.
Glosses: pst go abs Sione dir town
Translation: Sione went into (the) town.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na a nau langa a e fale mo o Siale.
Glosses: pst 3pl.init build abs.gen spec.art house ben.inal Siale
Translation: They built a house for Siale.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na a nau tanaki a e pa anga ma a Siale.
Glosses: pst 3pl.init col lect abs.gen spec.art money ben.al Siale
Translation: They collected some money for Siale.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: ko e ulu o Sion´e
Glosses: cop.ess.pres spec.art head gen.inal Sione.def
Translation: Sione's head
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: ko e ka a Sion´
Glosses: cop.ess.pres spec.art car gen.al Sione.def
Translation: Sione's car
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: sewre-qh-a j
Glosses: bear-postess-elat
Translation: from behind the bear
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: sewre-qh-di
Glosses: bear-postess-dir
Translation: to behind the bear
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e kai `e he tangata `a e mango.
Glosses: Pst eat ERG def man ABS def mango
Translation: The man ate the mango.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e sio `a e tangata ki he fefine.
Glosses: Pst see ABS def man to def woman
Translation: The man saw the woman.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e tokoni `a e tamasi'i ki he fefine.
Glosses: Pst help ABS def boy to def woman
Translation: The boy helped the woman.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e tokoni'i `e he tamasi'i `a e fefine.
Glosses: Pst help ERG def boy ABS def woman
Translation: The boy helped the woman.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e lavea `a e siana.
Glosses: Pst be-injured ABS def man
Translation: The man was injured.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e `osi `a e me'akai.
Glosses: Pst.be-finished ABS def food
Translation: The food was finished (all gone).
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e mole `a e kii.
Glosses: Pst be-lost ABS def key
Translation: The key was lost.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e lavea `e Sione `a e siana.
Glosses: Pst injure ERG Sione ABS def man
Translation: Sione injured the man.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e `osi `e he tamaiki `a e me'akai.
Glosses: Pst finish ERG def children ABS def food
Translation: The children finished the food.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e fakalavea'i `e Sione `a e siana.
Glosses: Pst cause-injure ERG Sione ABS def man
Translation: Sione injured the man.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e faka'osi `e he tamaiki `a e me'akai.
Glosses: Pst cause-be-finished ERG def children ABS def food
Translation: The children finished the food.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Osi `ave `e Sione `a e tamasi'i ki he falemahaki.
Glosses: Perf take ERG Sione ABS def child to def hospital
Translation: Sione has taken the boy to the hospital.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Osi `ave `a e tamasi'i ki he falemahaki.
Glosses: Perf take ABS def boy to def hospital
Translation: (Someone) has taken the boy to the hospital.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `ene foki
Glosses: alienable.poss.3.s.return
Translation: his returning
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `ene tamate'i
Glosses: alienable.poss.3.s.kill
Translation: his killing (something)
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: a.*'ene `ave ki he falemahaki
Glosses: alienable.poss.3.1.take-pass to def hospital
Translation: his being taken to the hospital
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `ene `ave ki he falemahaki
Glosses: alienable.poss.3.1.take to def hospital
Translation: his taking (someone) to the hospital
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: hono `ave ki he falemahaki
Glosses: inalienable.poss.3.s.take to def hospital
Translation: his being taken to the hospital
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `ene lavea
Glosses: alienable.poss.3.s.be-injured
Translation: his being injured
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: hono lavea21
Glosses: inalienable.poss.3.s.injure
Translation: his being injured
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e fakalangilangi'i `a Sione.
Glosses: Pst.praise ABS Sione
Translation: Sione was praised.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Osi `ave pro `a e tamasi'i ki he falemahaki.
Glosses: Perf take ABS def boy to def hospital
Translation: (Someone) has taken the boy to the hospital.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e `ave `a Sione `e he faiako.
Glosses: Pst take ABS Sione ERG def teacher
Translation: Sione was brought by the teacher.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e `ave `e he faiako `a Sione.
Glosses: Pst take ERG def teacher ABS Sione
Translation: The teacher brought Sione.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e `ave-Ø `a Sione `e he faiako.
Glosses: Pst take-pass NOM Sione Agt def teacher
Translation: Sione was brought by the teacher.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e `ave `a e faiako kia Sione.
Glosses: Pst take NOM def teacher ACC Sione
Translation: The teacher brought Sione.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e hua'i `a e vai.
Glosses: Pst throw-out ABS def water
Translation: (Somebody) threw out the water.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e foa'i `a e ipu.
Glosses: Pst broken ABS def cup
Translation: (Somebody) broke the cup.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e mahua `a e vai.
Glosses: Pst be-spilt ABS def water
Translation: The water was spilt.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e hua'i `a e vai.
Glosses: Pst spill ABS def water
Translation: The water was spilt (by somebody).
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku manakoa `a e hiva ko eni `e he kakai Tonga.
Glosses: Prs to-be-liked ABS def sond pred this ERG def people Tonga
Translation: This song is popular among the Tongan people.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: E lava [o ako e Pita a e lea faka-Tonga].
Glosses: AUX possible/can COMP learn ERG Peter ABS the language
Translation: Peter can learn Tongan.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: E lava e Pita [ o ako a e lea faka-Tonga].
Glosses: AUX possible/can ERG Peter COMP learn ABS the language
Translation: Peter can learn Tongan.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e kai 'a e tamasi'i 'i he ika.
Glosses: PAST eat ABS DEF boy OBL the fish
Translation: The boy ate some of the fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: (15)a. Na'e kai-i 'a e ika 'e he tamasi'i.
Glosses: PAST eat-TRANS ABS DEF fish ERG the boy
Translation: The boy ate the fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke PRO `alu].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione to go
Translation: Sione wants to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke PRO kai `a e ika].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione to eat ABS def fish
Translation: Sione wants to eat the fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke `ofa'i `e Mele PRO].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione to love ERG Mele
Translation: Sione wants Mele to love (him).
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke `alu `a Mele].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione to go ABS Mele
Translation: Sione wants Mele to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e feinga `a Mele [ke tapuni'i `e Pita `a e matapaa].
Glosses: Pst try ABS Mele to close ERG Pita ABS def window
Translation: Mele tried for Pita to close the door.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke `alu `a Mele].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione ke go ABS Mele
Translation: Sione wants Mele to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke fakatau PRO `a e me'alele].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione to buy ABS def car
Translation: Sione wants to buy the car.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke fakatau `e Mele `a e me'alele].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione to buy ERG Mele ABS def car
Translation: Sione wants Mele to buy the car.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e manatu'i `e Sione [ke tapuni'i `e Mele `a e matapaa].
Glosses: Pst remember ERG Sione ke close ERG Mele ABS def door
Translation: Intended meaning: Sione remembered for Mele to close the door.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e manatu'i `e Sione [ke `alu `a Mele].
Glosses: Pst remember ERG Sione to go ABS Mele
Translation: Sione reminded Mele to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku manatu'i `e Sionei [na'a ne i tapuni'i `a e matapaa].
Glosses: Prs remember ERG Sione Pst 3.s.close ABS def window
Translation: Sione remembers that he (himself) closed the door.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e kole `e Sione kia Melei [ke nei tapuni'i `a e matapaa].
Glosses: Pst request ERG Sione to Mele to 3.s.close ABS def door
Translation: Sione asked Mele for her to close the door.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e fakangofua'i `e Sione `a Mele [ke `alu `a `ene ta'ahine ki kolo].
Glosses: Pst allow ERG Sione ABS Mele ke go ABS poss.3.s.girl to town
Translation: Sione allowed Mele for her daughter to go to town.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Kuo pau pro [ke `alu `a Sione ki kolo].
Glosses: Perf determined ke go ABS Sione to town
Translation: Sione must go to town.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Kuo pau `a Sione.
Glosses: Perf determined ABS Sione
Translation: Sione has determined.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke `ave `e Mele e].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione ke take ERG Mele
Translation: Sione wants Mele to take e.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke e `alu].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione ke go
Translation: Sione wants (him) to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku ou loto [ke *(u) `alu].
Glosses: Prs 1.s.want ke 1.s.go
Translation: I want to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku ou manatu'i [ke *(u) `alu ki he `uafu].
Glosses: Prs 1.s.remember ke 1.s.go to def wharf
Translation: I remember to go to the wharf.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: c. Na'e kole mai `e Sione kiate au [ke *(u) `alu ki ai].
Glosses: Pst request toward-me ERG Sione to-person 1.s.ke 1.s.go to there
Translation: Sione asked me to go there.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku ou loto [ke e `alu].
Glosses: Prs 1.s.want ke go
Translation: I want (him/her) to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku loto `a Sione [ke `alu `a Pita].
Glosses: Prs want ABS Sione ke go ABS Pita
Translation: Sione wants Pita to go.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku ou loto [ke (*u) fakatau `a e me'a lele].
Glosses: Prs 1.s.want ke 1.s.buy ABS def car
Translation: I want to buy a car.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'a ku manatu'i [ke (*u) tapuni'i `a e matapaa].
Glosses: Pst 1.s.remember ke 1.s.close ABS def door
Translation: I remembered to close the door.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Na'e kole `e Sione kiate au [ke (*u) tamate'i `a e maama].
Glosses: Pst request ERG Sione to-person 1.s.ke 1.s.kill ABS def light
Translation: Sione asked me to turn off the light.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `Oku ou loto [ke `ave *(au) `e Mele].
Glosses: Prs 1.s.want ke take 1.s.ERG Mele
Translation: I want Mele to take me.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: a. xc-ach to sajchon.
Glosses: ASP-ABS2 go to play
Translation: You went to play.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: xc-ach to hin-aw-ila.
Glosses: ASP-ABS2 go ABS1-ERG2-see
Translation: You went to see me.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `e lava [ `o ako `e Pita `a e lea faka-Tonga]
Glosses: aux possible/can COMP learn ERG Pita ABS the language
Translation: Peter can learn Tongan.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: `e lava `e Pita [`o ako `a e lea faka-Tonga]
Glosses: aux possible/can ERG Pita COMP learn ABS the language
Translation: Peter can learn Tongan.
Language: Dehu (English translation)
Transcription: Eni a hamëë angeic la itus.
Glosses: I PRS give h im the book
Translation: I give him the book.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: å-zå tiwi.
Glosses: 3sg one-CL tall
Translation: He is a bit taller.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: pie-le: ba-ji.
Glosses: pig-DEF:CL big-CSM
Translation: The pig has started to become big.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: m t°a-qa:.
Glosses: sky still-clear:IRR
Translation: The sky is still going to become clearer or stay clear.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: mutup-le: z-mpå-j-ji.
Glosses: sky/weather-DEF:CL OR-cold-IT-CSM
Translation: It has become cold again.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå j-s k uå:-® the: de-me-tshi-wu.
Glosses: 1sg say-NOM thus COP:IRR-LNK 3sg OR-NEG-wrong-3sgU
Translation: If you ask me, he was not wrong.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: mi wu-uå, mo-wu-uå?
Glosses: people many-Q NEG-many-Q
Translation: Are there many people?
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: pies-lå-hå ¿å-m-ji-uå?
Glosses: meat-DEF-pl-ripe-CSM-Q
Translation: Is the meat ready (to eat)?
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-u¯i qå-s' ba-®å.
Glosses: 3sg-TOP 1sg-COMPAR big-1sgU
Translation: He is bigger than me.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: thizzi Âuaha a-qs we-(t°i).
Glosses: 3dl height one-form have-3pl
Translation: Those two persons are of the same height.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: zå Ùå bl-s tå he-the wa.
Glosses: 3sg land LOC do/work-NOM LOC OR-capable very
Translation: She is very good at working in the fields.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: (÷u) qhål-le:
Glosses: 2sg bread.roll-DEF:CL OR-NEG.IMP-burn-CAUS
Translation: Don't (you) burn the bread roll!
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: bolu-lå-hå de-phin-thå!
Glosses: flour-DEF-pl OR:IMP-level-AUX
Translation: Make the flour level!
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: misaq wu qå quaha t-¯i-Â dÂ.
Glosses: sun AGT 1sg face OR-black-CAUS able
Translation: The sun can make my face become black.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ps m ma-qa, tshi t-¯i Ùu.
Glosses: today weather NEG-clear prickly.ash.peel OR-black will
Translation: Today the weather is not good, the prickly ash peel will become black.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tså Âe-s me-je.
Glosses: here write-NOM NEG-possible
Translation: (You) can't write here.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: stuåhå t°h khuai-thå-wa.
Glosses: 3sg food/rice eat fast-AUX-very
Translation: S/he eats very quickly.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tp-¯i ¿å-m-t°i-xt®åp-t°,
Glosses: 2sg here OR-arrive-come-2sg-DTV
Translation: Come here tomorrow before it gets dark.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå phi®-le: guå:.
Glosses: 1sg white-DEF:CL wear:IRR:1sg
Translation: I want to wear the white one.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qhål påt®påt®-ke: u.
Glosses: bread.rolls round.round-INDEF:CL COP
Translation: Bread rolls are round things.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: få °upu-t°-ke: ®.
Glosses: clothing red-GEN-INDEF:CL have/exist
Translation: There is an item of red clothing.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ®ku-wa-m-le-ze
Glosses: lovely-very-NOM-DEF-CL
Translation: the very lovely person
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: nå-ji mo-su.
Glosses: 3sg good-ADV NEG-study
Translation: S/he doesn't study well.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: hama-¯i akhakha-qå.
Glosses: 3sg stealthy-ADV slowly OR-go
Translation: S/he slowly and quietly goes/went in.
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: moÙu-°a-kå: de-w!
Glosses: wind-small-INDEF:CL DIR-exist
Translation: There is a light wind (blowing)!
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: [nes lu-m ®pe th xs-zi]-wu t®hets-le: de-°t°i-ji-t°i.
Glosses: yesterday come-NOM Tibetan that three-CL-AGT car-DEF:CL DIR-push-CSM-3pl
Translation: ÆThose three Tibetans who came yesterday pushed the car away.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: [qå ptsa-i z-p-t° ba: iq tsa i-j-t®]-ui qå ÷~u de-le °t°åq-lu-å .
Glosses: 1sg just.now-ADV DIR-buy-GEN cloth black this one-two-feet-TOP 1sg 2sg DIR-give heart-come-1sg
Translation: ÆI want to give you these few feet of black cloth that I just bought.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: [the:-t°-t°iÙuå bå the-zi] pienå-lå [Âåwå ba xs-zi] ®.
Glosses: 3sg-GEN-house old that-CL beside-LOC rock big three-CL exist
Translation: ÆThere are three big rocks beside that old house of his.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: umt®i u.
Glosses: (name) COP
Translation: ÆOur brother who returned yesterday was Xumt®i.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: Âmt®i-le: å Âmt®i-stsim jautsan
Glosses: (name) DIR-look
Translation: ÆThe emperor and his wife, the man-eating devil Demi, looked . . . fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:i qå-tå k-ji qupui må-kå:-i.
Glosses: 3sg 1sg-LOC thus-say 3sg NEG-go:PRS-HS
Translation: ÆHe told me he is not going to go.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: t°iÙuå i©i-leÚ-ta le-uå?
Glosses: house which-DEF: CL-LOC exist-Q
Translation: ÆWhich house does he live in?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: a-t° dzig'u-awu u-uå?
Glosses: one-catty money-how.much COP-Q
Translation: ÆHow much money is one catty?fl (i.e., how much does one catty
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: -p-l-uå?
Glosses: DIR-arrive-come-Q
Translation: ÆWhen will he arrive in Chengdu?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷ile t°u-lå mi å-t® Â-i-wå?
Glosses: 2pl home-LOC person WH-CL exist-2pl-Q
Translation: ÆHow many people do you have at home (in your family)?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u-t°-tut® å-p le-ji-wå?
Glosses: 2sg-GEN-yngr.brother WH-year exist-CSM-Q
Translation: ÆHow old is your younger brother?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u s-å ¿å-q-n?
Glosses: 2sg who-COM DIR-go-2sg
Translation: ÆWith whom did you go?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: s ÷~u-å ¿å-q?
Glosses: who 2sg-COM DIR-go
Translation: ÆWho went with you?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: s-(le:) k °t°åq u-lu-tu, s °å-k.
Glosses: who-(DEF:CL) go heart DIR-come-LNK who INDTV-go
Translation: ÆLet whoever wants to go go.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: Q: ÷~u i©i dz topu-n-å?
Glosses: 2sg what eat like-2sg-Q
Translation: ÆWhat would you like to eat?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: A: i©i l ¿e-si .
Glosses: what also DIR-allow
Translation: ÆAnything would be fine.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: k-°t°åq-lu-m lå-hefiwu °å-k-t°i.
Glosses: go-heart-come-NOM DEF:one-pl:all INDTV-go-3pl
Translation: ÆLet all that want to go go.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ii die-®e.
Glosses: 3sgREFL DIR-die
Translation: Æ(S/he) committed suicide.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qåqi z-da.
Glosses: 1sgREFL DIR-hit:1sg
Translation: ÆI hit myself/I hit it myself.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qåqi-wu ¿å-tshuå. (emphatic)
Glosses: 1sgREFL-AGT DIR-smash:1sg
Translation: ÆI myself smashed it (someone/something).fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qåqi-tå ¿å-tshuå. (reflexive)
Glosses: 1sgREFL-DAT DIR-smash:1sg
Translation: ÆI smashed myself.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~i÷~i:-(wu)/(tå) t®åuku tu-pu-n.
Glosses: 2sgREFL-(AGT )/(DAT) take.care DIR-do-2sg
Translation: ÆYou take care of yourself.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qåqi-t° på:
Glosses: 1sgREFL-GEN buy:PRS:1sg34
Translation: ÆI'll buy it for myself.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷i÷i-å t°e-khue.
Glosses: 2sgREFL-COM NEG.IMP-upset
Translation: ÆDonflt be mad at yourself.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: Khumtsi upu-tå k me-j, i:-t°-khu-le: u-t°u-s me-Âi-ji.
Glosses: Khumtsi uncle-DAT thus NEG-say 3sgREFL-GEN-dog-DEF:CL DIR-see-NOM NEG-exist-CSM
Translation: ÆKhumtsi did not tell her uncle that her dog is missing.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ep l me-Âi ew l me-Âi-ke: u-ki-t°u.
Glosses: father also NEG-exist mother also NEG-exist-INDEF:CL COP-INF :HS-PART
Translation: Æ(I) am one who has no father or mother.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: sum-ke-ze (or-ke:) u.
Glosses: 3sg teacher-INDEF-CL COP
Translation: ÆHe is a teacher.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: sum-le: u.
Glosses: 3sg teacher-DEF:CL COP
Translation: ÆHe is the teacher.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: dytå: k-t° t®hets-le:
Glosses: Chengdu:LOC go-GEN car-DEF:CL (one specific car)
Translation: Æthe car that is going to Chengdufl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: me-Âi-ke::k: u-ki-t°u.
Glosses: be.afraid-HABIT-INF:HS-LNK
Translation: ÆLong ago (there was) an orphan, one with no father or mother. The orangutan wanted to eat the orphan, wanted to eat the orphan, (so) the orphan was afraid at night, when it will get dark again, . . .fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: jåpå e-x®e
Glosses: hand one-CL
Translation: Æone handfl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tolu å-på
Glosses: broom one-CL
Translation: Æone broomfl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: pi: å-lå
Glosses: pen one-CL
Translation: Æone penfl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: phit°u e-phin
Glosses: beer one-bottle
Translation: Æone bottle of beerfl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qhål-thå-hå qå de-l.
Glosses: steamed.bun-that:one-pl 1sg DIR-give
Translation: ÆGive me those steamed buns.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qhål-lå-hå je-wa.
Glosses: steamed.bun-DEF:one-pl delicious-very
Translation: ÆThe steamed buns are very delicious.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: qhål-å-hå z-p.
Glosses: 3sg steamed.bun-one-pl DIR-buy
Translation: ÆHe bought some steamed buns.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: t°iquå-lå upu-bs-lå-hå-ui °i
Glosses: drink-INF:HS-PART
Translation: ÆUncle Snake and others are drinking inside.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: dÂ-ui qå the:-tå k-ji-wå.
Glosses: affair-TOP 1sg 3sg-LOC thus-say-3sgU:1sg
Translation: ÆI told him about the affair.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: t°iquå-lå upu-bs-lå-hå-ui °i
Glosses: drink-INF:HS-PART
Translation: ÆUncle Snake and others are drinking inside, . . .fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tså-tåu-tu-ui kåpt®-tou-ui
Glosses: this:one-few:all friend DIR-make-INF:HS-PART
Translation: ÆThis time, the orphan had made friends with all these, . . .fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: Æ(Uncle Snake) while inside sent the chicken to come and
Glosses: DIR-send-INF: HS-PART
Translation: call, . . . fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: må:-le:-wu å-s-meqå-ui iu-ui å-s pån-t°in-wu pån-t°in t-t®h-i . . .
Glosses: Mom-DEF:CL-AGT one-day-each-TOP wool-TOP one-day half-kilo-INST half-catty DIR-weigh-ADV
Translation: ÆEach day Mom (takes) half a catty of wool and weighs it (to make yarn balls).fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: [÷~u ps må-k] ¿e-m-si.
Glosses: 2sg today NEG-go DIR-NEG-allow
Translation: ÆYou cannot not go today.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: [ptsa-i-z-p-ji-pån-lå-hå]-ui qå the: de-l-wå.
Glosses: just.now-ADV-DIR-buy-CSM-thing-DEM:one-pl-TOP 1sg 3sg DIR-give-3sg U:1sg
Translation: ÆI gave him the things that were just bought.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-ui skue di.
Glosses: 3sg-TOP stomach pain
Translation: ÆHis stomach hurts.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: pit°-ui Âmt®i ®pi-®, q:fi-ui juånÙuåi Âm.
Glosses: now-TOP emperor call-LNK before-TOP yuanwai be.named
Translation: ÆNow hefls called emperor; in the past, he was called yuanwai.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: Âb-ui xs-zi z-p-i t°aÙa-lå
Glosses: DIR-tether-ADV exist-CAUS-INF: HS-PART
Translation: Æ(He) had three yaks (he) had bought and tethered in the cowpen.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå t°u-lå kå:.
Glosses: 1sg home-LOC go:PRS:1sg
Translation: ÆIflm going to go home.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: jts-le:-tå o-zu.
Glosses: 3sg chair-DEF:CL-LOC DIR-sit
Translation: ÆHe sat down on the chair.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: t°y-tå-wu ¿o-su.
Glosses: 3sg building-LOC-ABL DIR-jump
Translation: ÆHe jumped from a/the building.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: ts-Ùå Ùlu.
Glosses: 3sg water-LOC swim
Translation: ÆHe is swimming in the river.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: khuåÙl-le: die-®e.
Glosses: puppy-DEF:CL DIR-die
Translation: ÆThe puppy died.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: msi-ts`u.
Glosses: sun DIR-shine
Translation: ÆThe sun is out.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: t°y-tå-wu dq ¿å-l.
Glosses: 3sg building-LOC-ABL floor DIR-come
Translation: ÆHe fell down from a/the building.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: mi wu-uå, mo-wu-uå?
Glosses: people many-Q NEG-many-Q
Translation: ÆAre there many people?fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: påut® tse.
Glosses: 3sg newspaper look.at/read
Translation: ÆHe is reading a/the newspaper.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u påut® tse-n.
Glosses: 2sg newspaper look.at/read-2sg
Translation: ÆYou are reading a/the newspaper.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: umt®i Ât°håq-e-ze ¿å-t®.
Glosses: Xumt®i rabbit-one-CL DIR-pierce(kill)
Translation: ÆXumt®i killed a rabbit.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: umt®i khumtsi42 topu.
Glosses: Xumt®i Khumtsi like
Translation: ÆXumt®i likes Khumtsi.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå khumtsi topu-å.
Glosses: 1sg Khumtsi like-1sg
Translation: ÆI like Khumtsi.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u khumtsi topu-n.
Glosses: 2sg Khumtsi like-2sg
Translation: ÆYou like Khumtsi.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: isu p.
Glosses: 3sg sneeze do
Translation: ÆHe sneezed.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-t° pi:-xs-lå sum-wu de-l-ji u.
Glosses: 3sg-GEN pen-three-CL teacher-AGT DIR-give-CSM COP
Translation: ÆThe teacher gave him three pens.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: qå dete.
Glosses: 3sg 1sg hit
Translation: ÆHe is hitting me.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: mi-wu qå z-di.
Glosses: person-AGT 1sg DIR-hit
Translation: ÆSomebody hit me.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: moÙu-wu qå då-tu-Â-(®å).
Glosses: wind-AGT 1sg DIR-fall.over-CAUS-1sgU
Translation: ÆThe wind knocked me over.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tshmå-wu qå-doquq-tå-t®-(®å).
Glosses: thorn-AGT 1sg-foot-LOC DIR-pierce-1sgU
Translation: ÆA thorn pierced my foot.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: khu-le: qå z-p-ji u.
Glosses: dog-DEF:CL 1sg DIR-buy-CSM COP
Translation: ÆThe dog was bought by me. / It was me who bought the dog.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: de-w
Glosses: 3sg hit-3sgU
Translation: ÆHe was hit (by him).fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-ui ®pe u.
Glosses: 3sg-TOP Tibetan COP
Translation: ÆHe is a Tibetan.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: l©z-tse-pen qå-t° u.
Glosses: book-this-CL 1sg-GEN COP
Translation: ÆThis book is mine.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: ts-p xs-p le-ji.
Glosses: 3sg this-year three-years exist-CSM
Translation: ÆHe is three years old this year.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: qhål-xs-zi s-dz-ji.
Glosses: 3sg steamed.bun-three-CL DIR-eat-CSM
Translation: ÆHe ate three steamed buns.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: l©z-j-pen i-tsi-ji.
Glosses: 3sg book-two-CL DIR-look.at/read-CSM
Translation: ÆHe read two books.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: l©z-th-j-pen i-tsi-ji.
Glosses: 3sg book-that-two-CL DIR-look.at/read-CSM
Translation: ÆHe read those two books.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: l©z-th-j-pen lefiwu i-tsi-ji.
Glosses: 3sg book-that-two-CL all DIR-look.at/read-CSM
Translation: ÆHe read both of those two books.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: l©z-th-j-pen the: i-tsi-ji.
Glosses: book-that-two-CL 3sg DIR-look.at/read-CSM
Translation: ÆThose two books he read.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: umt®i the:-t°-t®i-le: ¿å-t°t°y-i upu-t°-t°u-lå k.
Glosses: umt®i 3sg-GEN-child-DEF:CL DIR-take-ADV uncle-GEN-house-LOC go
Translation: Æumt®i took his son to (his) unclefls house.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-t°-doqu-le: Âo:pu-e-ze de-w.
Glosses: 3sg-GEN-pants-DEF:CL hole-one-CL DIR-exist
Translation: ÆThere is now a hole in his pants.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: gue:fi-pienå-lå bi °e.
Glosses: 3sg road-side-LOC urine release
Translation: ÆHefls urinating on the side of the road.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: p-maha-ui ®kup-te: mo-qu-å.
Glosses: day-evening-TOP orangutan-DEF:CL NEG-be.afraid-1sg
Translation: ÆTonight (I) am not afraid of the orangutan.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: qå-tå de!
Glosses: 3sg 1sg-DAT hit
Translation: ÆHe is hitting me!fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: khu-le: qå-tå ¿a-ÙdÂe-®å.
Glosses: dog-DEF:CL 1sg-DAT DIR-bite-1sgU
Translation: ÆThe dog bit me.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: x®e-le: ÷~u-tå-t-sån.
Glosses: bull-DEF:CL 2sg-DAT DIR-gore-2sgU
Translation: ÆThe bull gored you.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: xt® khu-le:-tå de-we!
Glosses: bullet dog-DEF:CL-DAT DIR-exist
Translation: Æ(The) bullet hit the dog!fl (as opposed to the intended target;
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: sum the:-t° pi:-xs-lå de-l.
Glosses: teacher 3sg-GEN pen-three-CL DIR-give
Translation: ÆThe teacher gave him three pens.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå the:-(tå) Âme-Â su-å.
Glosses: 1sg 3sg-LOC Qiang-language teach-1sg
Translation: ÆI teach him Qiang.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-ui qå-wu Âme-Â su-å.
Glosses: 3sg-TOP 1sg-AGT Qiang-language teach-1sg
Translation: ÆI teach him Qiang.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: umt®i-wu tsi-le: lis-tå t-©Â.
Glosses: umt®i-AGT daughter-DEF:CL Li.Si-LOC DIR-marry.off
Translation: ÆXumt®i married off his daughter to Li Si.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: umt®i-wu tsi-le: lis-t° t-©Â.
Glosses: umt®i-AGT daughter-DEF:CL Li.Si-GEN DIR-marry.off
Translation: ÆXumt®i gave his daughter in marriage to Li Si.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå the:-t°-få-le: the:-t° de-l-å.
Glosses: 1sg 3sg-GEN-cothing-DEF:CL 3sg-GEN DIR-give-1sg
Translation: ÆI gave him his clothes.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-ui qå-s ba-(®å).
Glosses: 3sg-TOP 1sg-COMP big-1sgU
Translation: ÆHe is bigger than me.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u-t°-t°iÙå-le: the:-s t°a-wa.
Glosses: 2sg-GEN-house-DEF:CL 3sg-COMP CON-big
Translation: ÆYour house is bigger than his.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå-k-s-tå the:-s t°å-dÂå.
Glosses: 1sg-go-NOM-LOC 3sg-COMP CON-early
Translation: ÆI went earlier than him.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u-å-the:-t°-t°iÙuå a-qs ba-t°i.
Glosses: 2sg-and-3sg-GEN-house one-form big-3pl
Translation: ÆYour house is as big as his.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: thizzi Âuaha a-qs we-(t°i).
Glosses: 3dl height one-form exist-3pl
Translation: ÆThose two persons are of the same height.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: ile-tåt-å a-qs we.
Glosses: 3sg 3plREFL-father-COM one-form exist
Translation: ÆHe is very much like his father.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ps xs-°-t°-Ùo-t°u.
Glosses: today three-month-GEN-five-beginning
Translation: ÆToday (is) March fifth.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: mi u.
Glosses: 3sg person COP
Translation: ÆHe is a person (man).fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-ui khumtsi u / Âm.
Glosses: 3sg-TOP Khumtsi COP / be.called
Translation: ÆShe is (is called) Khumtsi.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: sum-(ke:) pe.
Glosses: 3sg teacher-INDEF:CL become
Translation: ÆHe became a teacher.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: but®qhå xt®åmphå-(ke:) pe.
Glosses: caterpillar butterfly-INDEF:CL become
Translation: ÆThe caterpillar became a butterfly.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: ÷~u qå-t° dy de-Âge-n-på!
Glosses: 2sg 1sg-GEN(BEN) door DIR-open-2sg-HORT
Translation: ÆOpen the door for me!fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå må:-t° ku®`u i-t®hue-lå.
Glosses: 1sg Mom-GEN (BEN) vegetable DIR-fry-REQU:1sg
Translation: ÆLet me fry Momfls vegetables.fl / ÆLet me fry vegetables for Mom.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: må: qå-t° få ®pet°.
Glosses: Mom 1sg-GEN(BEN) clothing sew
Translation: ÆMom is sewing my clothes,fl / ÆMom is sewing clothes for me.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: qå-uå-i s gue-k.
Glosses: 3sg 1sg-BEN-ADV firewood chop-go
Translation: ÆHe went to chop wood for me.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: t°ile t°y:mi-le:-uå-i Âbot°u-s u-`u`.
Glosses: 1pl child-DEF:CL-BENADV think-NOM COP-EMPH
Translation: ÆWe should think about the child(fls benefit).fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå-ui the:-tå-må.
Glosses: 1sg-TOP 3sg-LOC DIR-hear:1sg
Translation: ÆI heard it from him. fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå the:-tå Ùz-xs-lå z-på.
Glosses: 1sg 3sg-LOC fish-three-CL DIR-buy:1sg
Translation: ÆI bought three fish from him.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: steke lå-s-Ùå, t°et°i-lå-wu muf`u t-lå-i, tsi-ike, mi lu-ji.
Glosses: behind DEF:one-day-LOC everywhere-LOC-ABL smoke DIR-come-HS like.this-after people come-CSM
Translation: ÆThe next day, smoke could be seen coming up out of everywhere, and from that time on there were people.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the-®e-te:-wu-må.
Glosses: that-side-DEF:CL-ABL DIR-hear:1sg
Translation: Æ(I) heard (it) from there.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tsaq-(tå)-wu suq i-p-k.
Glosses: Spring/Summer-LOC-ABL Fall/Winter DIR-arrive-go
Translation: Æfrom tsaq (Spring/Summer) up to suq (Fall/Winter)fl 46
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: wtshi-le: Âåw-wu t-qua-ji u.
Glosses: sparrow-DEF:CL stone-INST DIR-carve-CSM COP
Translation: ÆThe sparrow was carved out of a stone.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: Âåw-wu wtshi-e-ze t-qua.
Glosses: 3sg stone-INST sparrow-one-CL DIR-carve
Translation: ÆS/he carved a stone into a sparrow.fl47
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: tshef`u-ui tshe-Ùå lu-ji u.
Glosses: wool-TOP sheep-LOC come-CSM COP
Translation: ÆWool comes from sheep.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: me:fi-ui zdåm-Ùå lu-ji u.
Glosses: rain-TOP cloud-LOC come-CSM COP
Translation: ÆRain comes out from clouds.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå Ùduå®-te:-wu the: deta.
Glosses: 1sg hammer-DEF:CL-INST 3sg hit:1sg
Translation: ÆI use the hammer to hit it.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå-ui the: Ùduå®-te:-wu deta.
Glosses: 1sg-TOP 3sg hammer-DEF:CL-INST hit:1sg
Translation: ÆI use the hammer to hit it.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå Ùduå®-te:-wu the: z-me-da.
Glosses: 1sg hammer-DEF:CL-INST 3sg DIR-NEG-hit:1sg
Translation: ÆI didnflt use the hammer to hit it.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå Âåw-le:-wu Ùduå® hå-`u`-Â-i tints Âeta.
Glosses: 1sg stone-DEF:CL-INST hammer DIR-COP-CAUS-ADV nail pound:1sg
Translation: ÆI used the stone as a hammer to pound in the nail.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: få-tså-qi-ui qå Ùosu-pi-wu z-p-ji u.
Glosses: clothing-this:one-CL-TOP 1sg fifty-CL-INST DIR-buy-CSM COP
Translation: ÆThis item of clothing I bought with fifty dollars.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: m-å-©lu-j-t®-ui, zuåm-u-o-Âgu-tå
Glosses: DIR-hide-because-ADV DIR-NEG-burn-INF:HS
Translation: ÆBecause the brother and sister hid in a cypress tree, they did not get burned.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: qå khumtsi-å tiånts-Ùå kå:.
Glosses: 1sg Khumtsi-COM store-LOC go:PRS:1sg
Translation: ÆI am going to go to the store with Khumtsi.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the:-å-themle-tåt a-qs we-(t°i).
Glosses: 3sg-COM-3pl-daddy one-form exist-3pl
Translation: ÆHe and his father are the same.fl
Language: Northern Qiang (English translation)
Transcription: the: themle-tåt-å a-qs we.
Glosses: 3sg 3pl-father-COM one-form exist
Translation: ÆHe is a lot like his father.fl