lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Kw-a-m-phek-a u-Thabani i-suphu .
Glosses: 15s-PST-1o-cook-FV A-1Thabani A-9soup
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-w-a i-sihlahla .
Glosses: 15s-PST-fall-FV A-7tree
Translation: A tree fell.’ Theme
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Kw-a-si-w-a i-sihlahla .
Glosses: 15s-PST-7o-fall-FV A-7tree
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: A-bantwana b-a-(*ba)-phek-a i-nyama .
Glosses: A-2child 2s-PST-(*2o)-cook-FV A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*ba)-phek-a a-bantwana i-nyama .
Glosses: 15s-PST-(*2o)-cook-FV A-2child A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: A-ku-phek-i (u)-Zodwa .
Glosses: NEG-15S-cook-NEG (A)-1Zodwa
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-ngi-(*m)-bon-i Zodwa
Glosses: NEG-1SG.S-(*1o)-see-NEG 1Zodwa
Translation: I don’t see Zodwa
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-ngi-(m)-bon-i u-Zodwa
Glosses: NEG-1SG.S-1o-see-NEG A-1Zodwa
Translation: I don’t see Zodwa
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: A-ku-(*m)-phek-i Zodwa .
Glosses: NEG-15s-(*1o)-cook-NEG 1Zodwa
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: A-ku-(*m)-phek-i u-Zodwa .
Glosses: NEG-15s-(*1o)-cook-NEG A-1Zodwa
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-Zodwa u-(*m)-dan-ile .
Glosses: A-1Zodwa 1s-1o-sad-PST.DSJ
Translation: Zodwa was sad.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ku-(*m)-dan-e u-Zodwa .
Glosses: 15s-1o-sad-PST.CNJ A-1Zodwa
Translation: Zodwa was sad.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ba-m-dan-is-e u-Zodwa .
Glosses: 2s-1o-sad-CAUS-PST.CNJ A-1Zodwa
Translation: They made Zodwa sad.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ngi-za-{*yi}-be ngi-sa-{yi}-phek-a .
Glosses: 1SG.S-FUT-{*9o}-AUX 1SG.S-PROG-{9o}-cook-FV
Translation: I will still be cooking it.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: U-Thabani u-phek-a i-nyama .
Glosses: A-1Thabani 1s-cook-FV A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *U-phek-a [ u-Thabani i-nyama].
Glosses: 1s-cook-FV  A-1Thabani A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Ku-phek-a [ u-Thabani i-nyama].
Glosses: 15s-cook-FV  A-1Thabani A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *U-Thabani ku-phek-a i-nyama .
Glosses: A-1Thabani 15s-cook-FV A-9meat
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-Zodwa w-a-yi-phek-a i-nyama .
Glosses: A-1Zodwa 1s-PST-9o-cook-FV A-9meat
Translation: Zodwa cooked the meat
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-Zodwa w-a-pheka i-nyama .
Glosses: A-1Zodwa 1s-PST-cook A-9meat
Translation: Zodwa cooked meat
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*m)-phek-a u-Zodwa i-nyama .
Glosses: 15s-PST-(*1o)-cook-FV A-1Zodwa A-9meat
Translation: Zodwa cooked meat
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ngi-thembis-e u-mama [ uku-yi-klin-a i-ndlu kusasa].
Glosses: 1SG.S-promise-PST.CNJ A-1mother INF-9o-clean-FV A-9house tomorrow
Translation: I promised mother to clean the house tomorrow.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-nkazana y-a-(*yi)-phek-is-a t u-Thabani .
Glosses: A-9girl 9s-PST-(*9o)-cook-CAUS-FV  A-1Thabani
Translation: The girl made Thabani cook.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*yi)-phek-is-a i-nkazana u-Thabani .
Glosses: 15s-PST-(*9o)-cook-CAUS-FV A-9girl A-1Thabani
Translation: The girl made Thabani cook.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-nkazana y-a-m-phek-is-a t u-Thabani .
Glosses: A-9girl 9s-PST-1o-cook-CAUS-FV  A-1Thabani
Translation: The girl made Thabani cook.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-Thabani w-a-(*m)-phek-el-a t a-bantwana .
Glosses: A-1Thabani 1s-PST-(*1o)-cook-APP-FV  A-2child
Translation: Thabani cooked for children.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*m)-phek-el-a u-Thabani a-bantwana .
Glosses: 15s-PST-(*1o)-cook-APP-FV A-1Thabani A-2child
Translation: Thabani cooked for the children.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-Thabani w-a-ba-phek-el-a t a-bantwana .
Glosses: A-1Thabani 1s-PST-2o-cook-APP-FV  A-2child
Translation: Thabani cooked for the children.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-bantwana b-a-(*ba)-phek-el-w-a t i-nyama ngu-mama .
Glosses: A-2child 2s-PST-(*2o)-cook-APP-PASS-FV  A-9meat by-mother
Translation: The children were cooked meat by mother.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-bantwana b-a-yi-phek-el-w-a t i-nyama ngu-mama .
Glosses: A-2child 2s-PST-9o-cook-APP-PASS-FV  A-9meat by-mother
Translation: The children were cooked the meat by mother.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-sihlahla s-a-(*si)-w-a t .
Glosses: A-7tree 7s-PST-(*7o)-fall-FV 
Translation: The tree fell.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*si)-w-a i-sihlahla .
Glosses: 15s-PST-(*7o)-fall-FV A-7tree
Translation: The tree fell.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: g-xatav PART object → agreement with object
Glosses: 2-draw
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: v-xatav non-PART object → agreement with subject
Glosses: 1-draw
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-∅-fun-a [ t t ] kakhulu [ ukuthi *(u)-bani a-buy-e ? ]
Glosses: 2SG.S-CNJ-want-FV  a.lot  COMP *(A)-1who 1s-come-SBJV 
Translation: Who do you really want to come?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-∅-fun-a [ t bani t ] kakhulu [ ukuthi  a-buy-e ? ]
Glosses: 2SG.S-CNJ-want-FV  1who  a.lot  COMP  1s-come-SBJV 
Translation: Who do you really want to come?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [ Ngi-yi-phek-ile {izolo} ] inyama {izolo}.
Glosses:  1SG.S-9o-cook-PST.DSJ yesterday  meat yesterday
Translation: I cooked the meat yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-Thabani [ u-ya-ba-phek-el-a t ] a-bantwana i-nyama .
Glosses: A-1Thabani  1s-DSJ-2o-cook-APP-FV  A-2child A-9meat
Translation: Thabani is cooking the meat for the children
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: U-∅-phek-a i-suphu pandle u-Thabani .
Glosses: 1s-CNJ-cook-FV A-9soup outside A-1Thabani
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: U-ya-yi-phek-a pandle i-suphu u-Thabani .
Glosses: 1s-DSJ-9o-cook-FV outside A-9soup A-1Thabani
Translation: Thabani cooks the soup outside.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Ku-∅-pheka i-suphu pandle u-Thabani .                                                  (cf . (75))
Glosses: 15s-CNJ-cook A-9soup outside A-1Thabani
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Ku-∅-(yi)-pheka u-Thabani pandle i-suphu .
Glosses: 15s-CNJ-(9o)-cook A-1Thabani outside A-9soup
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*m)-phek-a u-Thabani i-nyama .
Glosses: 15s-PST-1o-cook-FV A-1Thabani A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-(*yi)-phek-a u-Thabani i-nyama .
Glosses: 15s-PST-9o-cook-FV A-1Thabani A-9meat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-phek-a u-Thabani .
Glosses: 15s-PST-cook-FV A-1Thabani
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *A-phek-a u-Thabani .
Glosses: PST-cook-FV A-1Thabani
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kw-a-phek-a [u-Thabani kuphela].
Glosses: 15s-PST-cook-FV A-1Thabani only
Translation: Only Thabani cooked.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *[U-Thabani kuphela] w-a-phek-a .
Glosses: A-1Thabani only 1s-PST-cook-FV
Translation: Only Thabani cooked.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ngi-fun-a ukuthi [u-Thabani kuphela] a-phek-e .
Glosses: 1sg-want-FV COMP A-1Thabani only 1s-cook-SBJV
Translation: I want it to be the case that only Thabani cooks.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ngi-fun-a ukuthi ku-phek-e [u-Thabani kuphela].
Glosses: 1sg-want-FV COMP 15s-cook-SBJV A-1Thabani only
Translation: I want it to be the case that only Thabani cooks.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Imw-ana ka-tula ici-ya .
Glosses: 1-child 1s-broke 7-pot
Translation: The child broke the pot.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ici-ya ci-tula imw-ana .
Glosses: 7-pot 7s-broke 1-child
Translation: The child broke the pot.’ Luguru, (Marten & van der Wal 2014: 330–331)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #I-nyama y-a-phek-a u-Thabani .
Glosses: A-9meat 9s-PST-cook-FV A-1Thabani
Translation: #’The meat cooked Thabani.’ Cannot mean: ‘Thabani cooked meat.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-bantwana b-a-yi-phek-el-w-a i-nyama .
Glosses: A-2child 2s-PST-9o-cook-APP-PSV-FV A-9meat
Translation: The children were cooked meat.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-nyama y-a-(*ba)-phek-el-w-a a-bantwana .
Glosses: A-9meat 9s-PST-2o-cook-APP-PSV-FV A-2child
Translation: The meat was cooked for children.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ngi-za-si-zam-a uku-si-phek-a i-sitshwala .
Glosses: 1sg-FUT-7o-try-FV INF-7o-cook-FV A-7porridge
Translation: I will try to cook porridge
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Ng-a-phek-is-a a-bafana .                              Causer + Agent
Glosses: 1sg-PST-cook-CAUS-FV a-2boys
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ng-a-phek-el-a u-mama .                              Agent+ + Benefactive
Glosses: 1sg-PST-cook-APP-FV A-1mother
Translation: I cooked for mother.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Ng-a-phek-is-el-a {u-mama} A-bafana {u-mama}.                         *Causer + Agent + Benefactive
Glosses: 1sg-PST-cook-CAUS-APP-FV {A-1mother} A-2boys {A-1mother}
Translation: Intended: ‘I made boys cook for mother.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ng-a-bon-is-a yena amaputha ka-Thabani .
Glosses: 1SG-PST-see-CAUS-FV him flaws of-Thabani
Translation: I made him see Thabani’s flaws.’ (Cannot mean: ‘I made Thabani see his own flaws.’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ba-fun-a [uku-be be/*ku-hlabela .]
Glosses: 2s-want-FV INF-AUX 2s/*15s-sing.PROG
Translation: They want to be singing
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-nyama y-a-phek-el-w-a t khale a-bantwana .
Glosses: A-9meat 9s-PST-cook-APP-PSV-FV  well A-2child
Translation: The meat was cooked well for children.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Wʌ́ʌ̏gā yɤ̏ ɗȍ kʌ̄’ ȁ gɔ̏ yʌ̋ʌ̏ gɯ́.
Glosses: money 3SG.EXI go\NEUT do\INF 3SG.NSBJ for pocket in
Translation: There is probably money in his pocket.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Glà kpæ̋æ̋ yɤ̏ ȁ ɓȁ.
Glosses: polyarthritis dry 3SG.EXI 3SG.NSBJ on
Translation: He has polyarthritis’ (lit. A dry polyarthritis is on him).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ȁ wȍ yɤ̏ kpæ̋æ̋.
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ voice 3SG.EXI dry
Translation: He has a strident voice’ (lit.: His voice is dry).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɯ̄ kpæ̋æ̋ ká dhɛ̀ gāɗɯ̋ ɗɤ́.
Glosses: 2SG.EXI dry with that stick.insect be
Translation: You are as thin (lit. dry) as a stick insect.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yà ɗṵ̄ ŋ̄ kèŋ̏ dɛ̀ɛ̀.
Glosses: 3SG.PRF come 1SG.NSBJ after today
Translation: He came to me today.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yɤ̏ ɗṵ̏ n̄ kèŋ̏ dȅȅ.
Glosses: 3SG.EXI come\NEUT 1SG.NSBJ after recently
Translation: He has come to me recently.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Nʌ́ ȅ gȁ.
Glosses: child 3SG.PRS die
Translation: The child dies.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Műsȍ ȅ zɔ̄ɔ̄zɔ̏ɔ̏.
Glosses: Muso 3SG.PRS foolish
Translation: Muso is foolish.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Klà ȅ nʌ́ ká .
Glosses: Kla 3SG.PRS child with
Translation: Kla is a child.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Nʌ́ gȁ.
Glosses: child die
Translation: The child dies.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Műsȍ zɔ̄ɔ̄zɔ̏ɔ̏.
Glosses: Muso foolish
Translation: Muso is foolish.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Klà nʌ́ ká .
Glosses: Kla child with
Translation: Kla is a child.
Language: Dan ( translation)
Transcription: Zȍta̋ gɔ̀
Glosses: Zota head
Language: Dan ( translation)
Transcription: Zȍta̋ ɓa̋ ya̋
Glosses: Zota POSS yam
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Zȍta̋ ɓa̋ Klà zʌ̄-sɯ̄ è já .
Glosses: Zota POSS Kla kill-NMLZ 3SG.PRS bad
Translation: Zota’s killing Kla is bad.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: nʌ́ dĩ-sɯ
Glosses: child hunger-ADJ
Translation: hungry child
Language: Dan ( translation)
Transcription: gbɔ̄ pɤ̀-sɯ̀
Glosses: pot fall-ADJ
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: mɛ̄ pűű-sɯ̋
Glosses: human white-ADJ
Translation: white man
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Műsȍ gā-sɯ̄ è yá .
Glosses: Muso die-NMLZ 3SG.PRS bad
Translation: Muso’s dying is bad.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɓe̋e̋ ɓa̋ kpɛ̋ɛ̋-ɗɛ̋ è sʌ̄.
Glosses: shirt POSS dry-NMLZ 3SG.PRS good
Translation: The dryness of the shirt is good.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɓa̋a̋ nū nʌ́ ɗɛ́ sɯ̏ è sʌ̄.
Glosses: rice give child to NMLZ 3SG.PRS good
Translation: Giving rice to a child is good.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Mlɛ̰̀ɛ̰̀ tà va̰̋va̰̋ɗɤ́ sɯ́ è sʌ̄.
Glosses: snake go quickly NMLZ 3SG.PRS good
Translation: The snake’s going along quickly is good.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: [Klà ɓà ɓa̋a̋ nū sɯ̏ ɤ́ Zȍta̋ ɗɛ́] è sʌ̄.
Glosses: Kla POSS rice give NMLZ REL Zota to 3SG.PRS good
Translation: Kla’s giving of rice to Zota is good.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: [Mlɛ̰̀ɛ̰̀ tà sɯ́ ɤ́ va̰̋va̰̋ɗɤ́] è sʌ̄.
Glosses: snake go NMLZ REL quickly 3SG.PRS good
Translation: The snake’s going along quickly is good.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: ɓɛ̃̄ vlã̋ã̋vlã̏ã̏
Glosses: human slovenly
Translation: a slob
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Gbȁtȍ yɤ̏ vlã̋ã̋vlã̏ã̏ ká .
Glosses: Gbato 3SG.EXI slovenly with
Translation: Gbato is slovenly.
Language: Dan ( translation)
Transcription: Műsȍ ȅ Klà zʌ̄-sɯ̄ ká .
Glosses: Muso 3SG.PRS Kla kill-NMLZ with
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Wē ɓā yɤ̏ gīȉ-sɯ̏ ká .
Glosses: wine ART 3SG.EXI turn.sour-GER with
Translation: The wine has turned sour.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yɤ̏ ɤ̄ kwɛ̀ɛ̏ ɗú-sɯ̏ ká .
Glosses: 3SG.EXI REFL.SG luggage tie-GER with
Translation: He has attached his luggage.
Language: Dan ( translation)
Transcription: Ā gȍ Yɛ̄ɛ̏ pi̋ɤ kwa̋nŋ̏-dhɤ̄.
Glosses: 1SG.EXI go.away\NEUT Ye at compound-LOC
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ȁ gblɯ̋-ɗɛ̏ yɤ̏ we̋-sīʌ̄.
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ stomach-CMM 3SG.EXI speak-DUR
Translation: His stomach is rumbling.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ȁ ɗó ȁ ɗɛ̏ gbæ̋æ̋-ɗɛ̏ gɯ́.
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ go 3SG.NSBJ place broad-ABSTR in
Translation: He has gone out into the wide world’ (lit. … to the broadness of the place).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɯ̄ kʌ̄ ɓà̰sɔ̰́ŋ̏-ɗɛ̏ kʌ̏ ɓɛ̰́?
Glosses: 2SG.EXI RETR mason-ABSTR do-NEUT where
Translation: Where did you do the building work?
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yȁ kɔ̏ɔ̏ pɛ̋-ɗɛ̏ wɔ̏.
Glosses: 3SG.PRF gourd split-MSD sew
Translation: He has sewn up a split in the gourd’ (lit. … a place of splitting of the gourd).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Zân yɤ̏ dɔ̏ wʌ́ʌ̏ ɗōŋ̄-ɗɛ̏ ká va̰̋a̰̋ɗɤ̄.
Glosses: Zan 3SG.EXI know\NEUT money count-MSD with quickly
Translation: Jean can count money quickly’ (lit. ‘Jean knows counting money/the way of counting money…’, rather than *‘Jean knows the place where money is counted quickly’).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ȁ ɓǣæ̋-ɗɛ̏ yà tó ɗɛ̰̏ɛ̰̏sɯ̏, yáa ɗīaŋ zʌ̄-ɗɛ̏ yɤ̄.
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ neck-CMM 3SG.PRF remain strict 3SG.NEG.IPFV talk kill-MSD see
Translation: He has got a sore throat, he cannot speak’ (lit.: ‘… he does not see a place of speaking’, or, in this context, rather ‘he does not see a way of speaking’).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Sɔ̄ ɗȉȉ-sɯ̏-sɯ̏-ɗṵ̏ zű.
Glosses: cloth dirt-ADJ-SLA-PL wash
Translation: Wash just the clothes that are dirty.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yɤ̏ tɛ̋ɛ̋dō blɯ̏ gwʌ̏ gɯ́ yā̰ā̰ɗi̋ɤ̋ ɗḭ́ḭ̏ yāā-ɗɛ̏ ɓȁ.
Glosses: 3SG.EXI friend push stone in yesterday soul bad-ABSTR on
Translation: Yesterday he pushed his friend on the stones maliciously’ (lit.: on the badness of soul).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yɤ̏ ye̋e̋ tȍ ɗi̋ gbæ̋æ̋-ɗɛ̏ ɓȁ.
Glosses: 3SG.EXI laughter remain\NEUT mouth broad-ABSTR on
Translation: He is giving a loud hearty laugh’ (lit.: he laughs on the broadness of mouth).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Kpȍ yȁ tɔ̏ gbɛ́-ɗɛ̏ zʌ̄.
Glosses: mongoose 3SG.PRF chicken numerous-ABSTR kill
Translation: A mongoose has killed most of the chickens’ (lit.: the numerousness of the chicken).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yi̋ ɤ́ sæ̏æ̏ dȅdȅwō, wà wō kɔ̏ pá’ ká , ȁ sæ̏æ̏-ɗɛ̏ yɤ̏ ɓȁ̰ ɓɛ̰̄ kɔ̏ gɯ́.
Glosses: water 3SG.JNT fresh truly 3PL.PRF PL.REFL hand.CMM touch\3SG.NSBJ with 3SG.NSBJ fresh-ABSTR 3SG.EXI put\NEUT human hand.CMM in
Translation: When water is cold, if one touches it with one’s hand, one’s hand feels cold’ (lit.: … its coldness appears in a man’s hand).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Yɛ̏gā ɤ́ ȁ ɓȁ gblɛ̰̀ɛ̰̀-ɗɛ̏ ɤ́ ɓɛ̰́tlʌ̏ dō.
Glosses: orifice REL 3SG.NSBJ POSS long-ABSTR 3SG.JNT metre one
Translation: A pit one metre deep’ (lit.: A pit which, its length is one metre).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ȁ ɓȁ ɗʌ̰́ ɤ́ kwá we̋-sīʌ̄ ȁ ɓȁ sʌ̏-ɗɛ̏ ká ɗɤ̋ ɓā…
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ POSS child REL 1PL.INCL.JNT speak-DUR 3SG.NSBJ on good-ABSTR with so.REM ART
Translation: Her child of whose beauty we have thus spoken….
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɗēbʌ̏ gbɛ́-ɗɛ̏ wáá tuɤ̏ɤ̏ sūū ɓá dȁ.
Glosses: woman big-ABSTR 3PL.NEG.IPFV livestock kind certain go.up
Translation: Few women have any domestic animal’ (lit.: the majority of women do not rear any kind of livestock).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Gbȁtȍ ɓȁ ɗṵ̄-sɯ̏ yȁ yī gɯ́-kplȁ.
Glosses: Gbato POSS come-GER 3SG.PRF 1PL.EXCL.NSBJ embarrass
Translation: Gbato’s arrival has embarrassed us.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ȁ ɓȁ ɗā-sɯ̏ gɛ̰̏ Ø gbȁ̰ Gbȁtȍ ɓȁ.
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ POSS save-GER foot 3SG.EXI drive.in\NEUT Gbato on
Translation: He owes Gbato his life’ (lit.: The cause of his saving is fixed on Gbato).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Wɯ̄-ɗṵ̏ glɛ̏ŋ̏ wɯ́-sɯ̏ sűɤ̋ yɤ̏ Gɤ̀ɤ̏ gɯ́.
Glosses: animal-PL fence break-GER fear 3SG.EXI Geu in
Translation: Geu is afraid that animals may break the fence’ (lit.: A fear of breaking the fence by animals is in Geu).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɗā (*ɓȁ) bā̰-sɯ̏ sűɤ̋ yɤ̏ n̄ gɯ́.
Glosses: rain (POSS) rain-GER fear 3SG.EXI 1SG.NSBJ in
Translation: I’m afraid it will rain’ (lit. A fear of rain’s raining is in me).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Gbȁtȍ *(ɓȁ) Yɔ̏ ɓȁ̰-sɯ̏ sűɤ̋ yɤ̏ Gɤ̏ɤ̏ gɯ́.
Glosses: Gbato POSS Yo hit-GER fear 3SG.EXI Geu in
Translation: Geu is afraid that Gbato may beat Yo’ (lit. Fear of Gbato’s beating Yo is in Geu).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: dȅ  wɔ̰́ ɗi̋ɤ̋-sɯ̏
Glosses: self catch/NMLZ matter before-GER
Translation: self-control
Language: Dan ( translation)
Transcription: Ȁ ɓȁ pȉɤ̏gāsòȍ pēdáyɤ̏ yȁ dɔ̄ bīŋ̄bīŋ̄ɗɤ̄, ȁ  gɯ́ yȁ kʌ̄ gbe̋ȅ.
Glosses: 3SG.NSBJ POSS bike pedal 3SG.PRF put tightly 3SG.NSBJ turn\NMLZ in-MSD 3SG.PRF do difficult
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɓā̰ yi̋  ká ɓīʌ̋gā yà pɤ̏ klɔ̏ŋ̏ gblɯ̀ gɯ́.
Glosses: 1SG.POSS water draw\NMLZ with rope 3SG.PRF fall well hole in
Translation: My rope for drawing water has fallen into the well’ (tɔ́ → tɔ̏ ‘draw’).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Gbɛ̰̂ ɤ́ wɔ̏ ɓā yɤ̏ gā-sɯ̏ ká , kȁ ȁ zȕɤ̏.
Glosses: dog REL.3SG.JNT lie\JNT there 3SG.EXI die-GER with 2PL.IMP 3SG.NSBJ throw
Translation: The dog which is lying there is dead, throw it away.
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: Ɓɛ̰̄-ɗṵ̏ ɤ́ wó ɓā , wȍ gā-sīʌ̄ gbe̋ȅ.
Glosses: human-PL REL 3PL.JNT ART 3PL.EXI die-DUR very
Translation: These people are dying in great numbers’ (lit.: People which they are there, they die very).
Language: Dan (English translation)
Transcription: [Klà ɓȁ ɓa̋a̋ ɗṵ̄-sɯ̏ ɤ́ ɤ́ Zȍta̋ ɗɛ̏,] yɤ̏ sʌ̏.
Glosses: Kla POSS rice give-GER REL 3SG.JNT Zota for 3SG.EXI good
Translation: Kla’s giving of rice to Zota is good.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: casă frumoas-ă                         Feminine
Glosses: house beautiful-FSG
Translation: beautiful house
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: case frumoas-e
Glosses: houses beautiful-FPL
Translation: beautiful houses
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: trandafir frumos-Ø                      Masculine
Glosses: rose beautiful-MSG
Translation: beautiful rose
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: trandafiri frumoş-i
Glosses: roses beautiful-MPL
Translation: beautiful roses
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: palton frumos-Ø                         Neuter
Glosses: coat beautiful-MSG
Translation: beautiful coat
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: paltoane frumoas-e
Glosses: coats beautiful-FPL
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: o femeie                            Feminine
Glosses: a.FSG woman
Translation: a woman
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: două femei
Glosses: two.FPL woman.FPL
Translation: two women
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: un bărbat                         Masculine
Glosses: a.MSG man
Translation: a man
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: doi bărbaţi
Glosses: two.MPL man.MPL
Translation: two men
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: un glas                             Neuter
Glosses: a.MSG voice
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: două glas-uri
Glosses: two.FPL voice-PL
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [–PL] → [–PL]
Glosses: [–FEM]
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: a . [+FEM] ↔ -ă
Glosses: b . [ ] ↔ -Ø
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [+PL] → [+PL]
Glosses: [+FEM]
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: a . [+PL][–FEM] ↔ -i
Glosses: b . [+PL]             ↔ -e
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ŋudi kad
Glosses: man big
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɓitə kad
Glosses: house big
Translation: a big house’6
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ɟe⁴² kad
Glosses: egg big
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: to³ kad
Glosses: battle big
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ɔ³
Glosses: 3.NOM.HUM.SG
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ŋudi-ə kad-a
Glosses: man-PL big-PL
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: wa³
Glosses: 3.PL.NOM
Translation: they
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɓi ɟɛlɪ [ɓi ɟɛlɪ1 .1]
Glosses: plate-PL red-PL 
Translation: red plates
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɪ³
Glosses: 3.PL.NOM
Translation: they
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ɟe-ə kad-a
Glosses: egg-PL big-PL
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nucul şi prunul sînt uscaţi . Masc + Masc = Masc
Glosses: walnut.MSG.DEF and plum.MSG.DEF are dry.MPL 
Translation: The walnut tree and the plum tree are dry.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Podeaua şi uşa sînt albe . Fem + Fem = Fem
Glosses: floor.FSG.DEF and door.FSG.DEF are white.F.PL 
Translation: The floor and the door are white.’ (Farkas & Zec 1995: 96)
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ŋʷɔnɔ (ɛ)ja ŋudi kɔ=a Human + Human = Human Pronoun
Glosses: woman and man be.LOC=PST
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɓa² e⁴ ni=wa jɔkʊ
Glosses: there 1SG.NOM see.PFV=3 PART
Translation: A man and a woman were there; I saw them.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ɓə³¹ ɓɔlɔ ɛja selo kɔ=a Non-hum + Non-hum = Non-hum Pronoun
Glosses: plate one and bucket be.LOC=PST
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɓa² e⁴ ni=i jɔkʊ
Glosses: there 1SG.NOM see.PFV=3 PART
Translation: A plate and a bucket were there; I saw them.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Scaunul şi dulapul sînt albe .
Glosses: chair.NSG.DEF and cupboard.NSG.DEF are white.F.PL
Translation: The chair and the cupboard are white.’ (Farkas & Zec 1995: 96)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: boti ɛja sɛpɪ kɔ=a ɓa² e⁴ ni=wa jɔkʊ
Glosses: bottle and cat be.LOC=PST there 1SG.NOM see.PFV=3 PART
Translation: A bottle and a cat were there. I saw them.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: a . [–FEM],[+PL] ↔ -i
Glosses: b . [+PL] ↔ -e
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: a . D [–HUMAN][+PL] ↔ ɪ³
Glosses: b . D [+PL] ↔ wa³
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: a . Human ➔ A
Glosses: b . Non-human ➔ B
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: i .   A ➔ Set II , singular  iii .   C ➔ Set I , plural
Glosses: ii .   B ➔ Set I, singular  iv .   D ➔ Set II, plural
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: a . Num[+PL] ↔ -i / [–HUMAN]
Glosses: b . Num[+PL] ↔ -a
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: gir                                    Modern Hebrew
Glosses: chalk.MSG
Translation: chalk
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: gir-im
Glosses: chalk-MPL
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: leven-a                           Modern Hebrew
Glosses: brick-FSG
Translation: brick
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: leven-im
Glosses: brick-MPL
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [+PL] → Ø
Glosses: [–MASC]
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [–PL] →  [–PL]
Glosses: [–FEM]
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Kogo Maša ljubit __ ?
Glosses: who Masha loves
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ivan znaet , čto Maša ljubit Petra .
Glosses: Ivan knows that Masha loves Peter
Translation: Ivan knows that Masha loves Peter.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?*Kogo ty dumaeš , čto Ivan priglasil __ ?
Glosses: who you think that Ivan invited
Translation: Who do you think that Ivan invited __ ?
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Siapa yang Bill tahu [ __ Tom cintai __ ]
Glosses: who FOC Bill knows  Tom loves
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Bill tahu [siapa yang Tom cintai __ ]
Glosses: Bill knows who FOC Tom loves
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Naon nu di-sangka ku Ahmad [(nu) di-sumput-keun ku Dédén]?
Glosses: what rel pv-suspect by Ahmad rel pv-hide-keun by Deden
Translation: What did Ahmad suspect that Deden hid?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Gambar dirina sorangan nu mana nu di-sangka nu di-tingal-i ku Asép ?
Glosses: picture self  rel which rel pv-suspect rel pv-look-i by Asep
Translation: Which picture of self is it suspected that Asep looked at?
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Mary might have been being arrested . 
Glosses:  [Modality [Tense [Aspect [Voice Verb ]]]]
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: izz-ari u-taɨ=juu . (Verb-Voice Aspect-Tense)
Glosses: scold-PASS PROG-PST=SFP
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: aɨ-daɨ=biran=na . (Verb-Tense=Modality)
Glosses: say-PST=CONJEC=SFP
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kisi ur-ama-an=riba (Verb Aspect-Honorifics-Negation)
Glosses: wear PROG-HON-NEG=CSL 
Translation: Because (He) is not wearing (a shirt).
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: (mmida) owara-ddan=padzɨ . (Verb-Negation .Tense=Modality)
Glosses: (yet) finish-NEG.PST=CONJEC
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: panasɨ {padzɨmi/tudzɨmi} fiiɨ
Glosses: speak {start/finish} BEN
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *panasi fii {padzɨmiɨ/tudzɨmiɨ}
Glosses: speak BEN {start/finish}
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: panasi fii {uɨ/ufu}
Glosses: speak BEN {continuous/complete}
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *panasi {uri/uki} fiiɨ
Glosses: speak {continuous/complete} BEN
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: panasɨ {padzɨmi/tudzɨmi} {uɨ/ufu}
Glosses: speak {start/finish} {continuous/complete}
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *panasi {uɨ/ufu} {padzɨmiɨ/tudzɨmiɨ}
Glosses: speak {continuous/complete} {start/finish}
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *panasi {uri ufu/ uki uɨ}
Glosses: speak {continuous complete/ complete continuous}
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ba=a nnama=du satapanbin=nu agi uɨ .
Glosses: 1SG=TOP now=FOC doughnut=ACC fry PROG
Translation: I am now frying doughnuts.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ba=a nnama=du satapanbin=nu agi ufu .
Glosses: 1SG=TOP now=FOC doughnut=ACC fry RES
Translation: I have now fried doughnuts.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ba=a itsɨti mai-n=du jaa=ju fuki ufu .
Glosses: 1SG=TOP five.years before-ADV=FOC house=ACC build RES
Translation: I built a house five years ago.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ba=a itsɨti mai-n=du jaa=ju fuki ufu-taɨ=suga=du nnama=a toori uɨ .
Glosses: 1SG=TOP five.years before-ADV=FOC house=ACC build RES-PST=CONC=FOC now=TOP fall.over RES
Translation: I had built a house five years ago, but it has fallen over now.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ba=a nnama=taasja=a mɨɨ-n=du satapanbin=nu agi mii ufu .
Glosses: 1SG=TOP now=by=TOP three.times-ADV=FOC doughnut=ACC fry EXPR RES
Translation: I have fried doughnuts three times so far.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nnama=a buduɨ=nu rensjuu asi uɨ .
Glosses: now=TOP dance=GEN practice do PROG
Translation: I am now practicing dancing.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nnama=a buduɨ=nu rensjuu asi ufu .
Glosses: now=TOP dance=GEN practice do RES
Translation: I have practiced dancing now.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ami=nu=du ffi uɨ .
Glosses: rain=NOM=FOC fall PROG
Translation: It is raining.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ami=nu=du ffi ufu .
Glosses: rain=NOM=FOC fall RES
Translation: It has rained. (So we can plant it.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kjuu=ja tida=nu=du pɨkari uɨ .
Glosses: today=TOP sun=NOM=FOC shine PROG
Translation: The sun is shining today.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *kjuu=ja tida=nu=du pɨkari ufu .
Glosses: today=TOP sun=NOM=FOC shine RES
Translation: The sun has shined today.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: unu hon=nubaa mɨɨ-n=du jumi ufu .
Glosses: DEM book=ACC.TOP three-ADV=FOC read RES
Translation: I have read this book three times.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: unu tsɨkɨ-n=na ami=nu=du mɨɨ-n ffi ufu .
Glosses: DEM month-ADV=TOP rain=NOM=FOC three-ADV fall RES
Translation: It has rained three times this month.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nnama=a kii=nu=du toori uɨ .
Glosses: now=TOP tree=NOM=FOC fall.over RES
Translation: The tree is fallen over now.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *nnama=a kii=nu=du toori ufu .
Glosses: now=TOP tree=NOM=FOC fall.over RES
Translation: The tree is fallen over now.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: unu kii=ja mai-n=du toori uɨ .
Glosses: DEM tree=TOP before-ADV=FOC fall.over RES
Translation: This tree has been fallen over before.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nnama=a juu=ja atsɨ-kari=du uɨ .
Glosses: now=TOP hot.water=TOP hot-ACOP=FOC PROG
Translation: The water is currently hot./ lit. The water is now being hot.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ikjaan=nu Mjaaku=nu mit=tsa maa-ri=du ufu .
Glosses: old.days=GEN Miyako=GEN water=TOP tasty-ACOP=FOC CONJEC
Translation: I guess the water of old Miyako was tasty.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kɨnu=nu taifuu=basi kii=nu=du toori ufu(=padzɨ).
Glosses: yesterday=GEN typhoon=INS tree=NOM=FOC fall.over CONJEC=CONJEC
Translation: I guess trees are fallen due to yesterday’s typhoon.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: hon=nu=du jumi ufu .
Glosses: book=ACC=FOC read RES
Translation: I have read the (original) book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: karja=a hon=nu=du jumi ufu=padzɨ .
Glosses: 3.SG=TOP book=ACC=FOC read ???-CONJEC
Translation: I guess she has read the (original) book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kɨnu jaa=i ngii-daraa=du satapanbin=nu agi ufu-taɨ .
Glosses: Yesterday home=ALL back-COND=FOC doughnut=ACC fry RES-PST . 
Translation: When I went home yesterday, (someone) had fried doughnuts.’ Past
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nnama=du satapanbin=nu agi ufu .
Glosses: now=FOC doughnut=ACC fry RES
Translation: (I) have now fried doughnuts.’ Present
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: jusarabi=gami satapanbin=nu agi uka-di .
Glosses: evening=by doughnut=ACC fry RES-VOL
Translation: I will have fried doughnuts by the evening.’ Future
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kɨnu=taasi=du ifu-n=mai buduɨ=nu rensjuu asi ufu-taɨ .
Glosses: yesterday=until=FOC how.many-ADV=also dance=GEN practice do RES-PST
Translation: I had practiced dancing many times until yesterday.’ Past
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nnama=taasja=a ifu-n=mai=du buduɨ=nu rensjuu asi ufu .
Glosses: now=until=TOP how.many-ADV=also=FOC dance=GEN practice do RES
Translation: I have practiced dancing many times up until now.’ Present
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: raisjuu=taasi ifu-n=mai buduɨ=nu rensjuu asi uka-di .
Glosses: next.week=until many.times-ADV=also dance=GEN practice do RES-VOL
Translation: I will have practiced dancing many times until next week.’ Future
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *atsa=a taifuu=riba=du dentoo=ja kjaari ufu=padzɨ .
Glosses: tomorrow=TOP typhoon=CSL=FOC light=TOP go.out CONJEC=CONJEC
Translation: I guess lights will have gone out tomorrow because of the typhoon.’ future
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: gaitoo=nu=du kjaari ufu=padzɨ .
Glosses: street.lamp=NOM=FOC go.out CONJEC=CONJEC
Translation: I guess the street lamp has gone out.’ present
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: gaitoo=nu=du kjaari {ufu/*ufu-taɨ}(=padzɨ).
Glosses: street.lamp=NOM=FOC go.out {CONJEC/CONJEC-PST}(=CONJEC).
Translation: I guess the street lamp had gone out.’ past
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *jaanja=a unu ntsɨ=nu kama=n=du paa=nu ari ufu(=padzɨ).
Glosses: next.year=TOP DEM road=GEN over.there=LOC=FOC grave=NOM exist CONJEC(=CONJEC)
Translation: I guess there will be a grave behind this road next year.’ future
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kanu ntsɨ=nu kama=n=du paa=nu ari {ufu/*ufu-taɨ}.
Glosses: DEM road=GEN over.there=LOC=FOC grave=NOM exist {CONJEC/CONJEC-PST}
Translation: I guess there were graves behind that road.’ past
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: mai-n=du hon=nu jumi {*ufu/ ufu-taɨ}.
Glosses: before-ADV=FOC book=ACC read {RES/ RES-PST}
Translation: I had read the (original) book before (having watched the movie.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: mai-n=du hon=nu jumi {ufu/ufu-taɨ}=padzɨ .
Glosses: before-ADV=FOC book=ACC read {CONJEC/RES-PST}=CONJEC
Translation: I guess she had read the (original) book before (having watched the movie.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: asitaraa “uma=ai=du midun=nu kisi=saga”=tsi azzi ufu=padzɨ=sai , eigo=si . “kama=ai iki kama=ai iki”=tsi mmja azzi=djaa .
Glosses: then here=ALL=FOC woman=NOM come.PST=SFP=QUOT say CONJEC=CONJEC=SFP english=INS over.there=ALL go.PST over.there=ALL go.PST=QUOT DM say.PST=RPT
Translation: Then I guess (the American soldier) had said in English “a woman came here, didn’t she?” The old man said, I hear, “she went over there, she went over there,” (telling him the wrong direction).’ (F₁₉₂₆)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (in Japanese) nakunat-ta . terjuudan . owat-te=kara are=o izit-te bakuhatsusi-te
Glosses:  die-PST grenade finish-GER=after DEM=ACC play-GER explode-GER
Translation: He died. Grenade. After (the war) finished, he played with it, and it exploded.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: urju=u=du nezju=u panasi ufu=sai .
Glosses: DEM=ACC=FOC screw=ACC remove CONJEC=SFP
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kii=nu sɨtaara=n kidzjuu=n jar-ari sɨni=saga . Mijagunijaa=nu sɨgu nisɨ=nu kata=nu ra . Mijagunijaa=ja jaamutu=sai . jaamutu=riba=du kama=ngi asubi ufu=sai .
Glosses: tree=GEN bottom=LOC machine.gun=DAT do-PASS die.PST=SFP name.of.house=GEN right west=GEN side=GEN DM name.of.house=TOP parental.home=SFP parental.home=CSL=FOC there=LOC play CONJEC=SFP
Translation: He died, shot by a machine gun, under the tree. It was right next to the west side of Miyaguniyaa. Miyaguniyaa is the parental home of his family. I guess he had been playing there because it is his parental home.’ (F₁₉₂₆)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nootsi=nu andzi=nu ssaf-fu uda=a patarafu=ka=tsi jana kɨmutsɨ obaa=du ari ufu=padzɨ .
Glosses: how=GEN such=GEN terrible.thing=ACC REFL=TOP work=Q=QUOT bad heart old.woman=FOC COP CONJEC=CONJEC
Translation: The reason why she did such a terrible thing is that, I guess, she was bad-minded.’ (F₁₉₂₆)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: mara-daara nara-n=riba mmi putu-n mara-di=tsi asɨ-taraa=du mmja atu-n=na tsintsin=nu …
Glosses: poop-NEG.COND become-NEG=CSL more once-ADV poop-VOL=QUOT do-COND=FOC DM after-ADV=TOP penis=ACC
Translation: Because he had to poop, he tried to poop again. Then, the pig was about to lick his crotch.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: urja=a waa=mai=du damina waa ari ufu ra .
Glosses: DEM=TOP pig=also=FOC no.good pig COP CONJEC DM
Translation: I guess that pig was also foolish.’ (F₁₉₂₄)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: hoogenfuda=tsi ee ba=a mata mmipii atu=biran=tsi=du .
Glosses: dialect.card=QUOT DM 1.SG=TOP DM bit.more after=CONJEC=QUOT=FOC
Translation: We called it “dialect card.” I thought (that it appeared) a bit after (you were in school).
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ara-n . baaga=a go roku-nen-baaɨ=gara=du ari ufu=rjaa ?
Glosses: COP-NEG 1.PL=TOP fifth sixth-grade-about=ABL=FOC exist RES.CONJEC=Q
Translation: No. I guess it existed when I was a fifth or sixth-grade student.’ (F₁₉₂₆)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kari=ga=du kisi=nu tusɨ-n=du ari ufu=rjaa ? am=mu futaa-tsɨ kai=juu .
Glosses: DEM=NOM=FOC come.PST=GEN year-ADV=FOC COP CONJEC=Q net=ACC two-CLF buy.PST=SFP
Translation: Was it, I guess, the year when my daughter came back home? I bought two fishing nets.’ (M₁₉₂₆)
Language: Bulgarian (English translation)
Transcription: Toj pišel pismo točno sega .
Glosses: He written.EVID letter right now
Translation: He is apparently writing a letter.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: unu ntsɨ=nu kama=n=du paa=nu ari ufu .
Glosses: DEM road=GEN over.there=LOC=FOC grave=NOM exist CONJEC
Translation: I guess there were (#are) graves behind this road.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: nihon=nu heetai=ja ati=du jana-munu a-taɨ=djaa .
Glosses: Japan=GEN soldier=TOP very=FOC bad-NMLZ COP-PST=RPT
Translation: I heard that Japanese soldiers were pretty bad.’ (F₁₉₃₄)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kimiko ja juubaN nic-ee₁-tee₂-N tee₃ .
Glosses: Kimiko TOP dinner cook-RES-M-DIR INF
Translation: Kimiko must have cooked dinner.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Yooko=ga=du juuɨ=zu nii {uri/uki} ufu(=padzɨ).
Glosses: Yoko=NOM=FOC dinner=ACC cook {PROG/RES} CONJEC(=CONJEC)
Translation: I guess Yoko {is cooking/has cooked} the dinner.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kanu obaa=ja kɨmu kagi obaa=du {ar-ama-daɨ /ari uk-amaɨ /*ar-amai ufu}=padzɨ .
Glosses: DEM old.woman=TOP heart beautiful old.woman=FOC {COP-HON-PST /COP CONJEC-HON /COP-HON CONJEC}=CONJEC
Translation: I guess the old woman had a beautiful mind.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: jaama=nu mit=tsa dzjootoo=nu midzɨ=du {ari uk-an /*ar-adaari ufu}=padzɨ .
Glosses: Yaeyama=GEN water=TOP tasty=GEN water=FOC {COP CONJEC-NEG /COP-NEG CONJEC}=CONJEC
Translation: I guess the water of Yaeyama was not good.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [m]am ‘I have’
Glosses: [n]am ‘to us’
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes proslavame peninta tis ekato perisoterus fitites apo oti simera .
Glosses: yesterday hired.1PL fifty the.DAT hundred.DAT more.PL.ACC student.PL.ACC from REL today
Translation: We hired fifty percent more students yesterday than we did today.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes proslavame peninta tis ekato fitites .
Glosses: yesterday hired.1PL fifty the.DAT hundred.DAT students.ACC
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we hired yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes proslavame (to) peninta tis ekato ton fititon / apo tus fitites .
Glosses: yesterday hired.1PL the fifty the.DAT hundred.DAT the.GEN students.GEN from the students.ACC
Translation: We hired thirty percent of the students yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dreißig Prozent Studierende arbeiten hier .
Glosses: thirty percent students.NOM work here
Translation: Thirty percent of the workers here are students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dreißig Prozent der Studierenden arbeiten hier .
Glosses: thirty percent the.GEN students.GEN work here
Translation: Thirty percent of the students work here.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dreißig Prozent [westfälische Studierende] arbeiten hier .
Glosses: thirty percent westphalian.NOM students.NOM work here
Translation: Thirty percent of the workers here are Westphalian students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dreißig Prozent [westfälische] Studierende arbeiten hier .
Glosses: thirty percent westphalian.NOM students.NOM work here
Translation: Thirty percent of the students who work here are Westphalian.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes proslavame tris perisoterus fitites apo oti simera .
Glosses: yesterday hired.1PL three more.PL.ACC student.PL.ACC from REL today
Translation: We hired three more students yesterday than we did today.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [[[tris -ter-] λd [ simera proslavame d-periso fitites ]]
Glosses:  λd [ exthes proslavame d-periso fitites ]]
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Afti i leoforos exi peninta tis ekato perisotera simata apo ekini .
Glosses: this the highway has.3SG fifty the.DAT hundred.DAT more.PL.ACC road.sign.PL.ACC from that
Translation: This highway has 50 percent more road signs than that one.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes faghame tria kila mila .
Glosses: yesterday ate.1PL three kilo.PL.ACC apple.PL.ACC
Translation: We ate three kilos of apples yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes katanalothikan tria kila mila .
Glosses: yesterday consumed.PASS.3PL three kilo.PL.NOM apple.PL.NOM
Translation: Thirty percent of what was consumed yesterday was apples.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes etreksan ston marathonio trianta tis ekato fitites .
Glosses: yesterday ran.3PL in.the marathon thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT student.PL.NOM
Translation: Thirty percent of the people that ran the marathon yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes dhosame afksisi se trianta tis ekato fitites
Glosses: yesterday gave.1PL raise to thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT student.PL.ACC
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we gave a raise to yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes taksidhepsame me trianta tis ekato fitites .
Glosses: yesterday travelled.1PL with thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT student.PL.ACC
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we travelled with yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Fitites proslavame exthes trianta tis ekato .
Glosses: student.PL.ACC hired.1PL yesterday thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we hired yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Trianta tis ekato proslavame exthes fitites .
Glosses: thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT hired.1PL yesterday student.PL.ACC
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we hired yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Mila faghame exthes tria kila .
Glosses: apple.PL.ACC ate.1PL yesterday three kilo.PL.ACC
Translation: We ate three kilos of apples yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Tria kila faghame exthes mila .
Glosses: three kilo.PL.ACC ate.1PL yesterday apple.PL.ACC
Translation: We ate three kilos of apples yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes katanalothike ena kilo mila .
Glosses: yesterday consumed.PASS.3SG one kilo.SG.NOM apple.PL.NOM
Translation: One kilo of apples was consumed yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes *proslifthike/ proslifthisan ena/ trianta tis ekato fitites .
Glosses: yesterday hired.PASS.3SG hired.PASS.3PL one thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT student.PL.ACC
Translation: One/Thirty percent of the people that were hired yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Exthes proslavame kata trianta tis ekato fitites .
Glosses: yesterday hired.1PL by thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT student.PL.ACC
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we hired yesterday were students.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Exthes dhosame afksisi se kata trianta tis ekato fitites .
Glosses: yesterday gave.1PL raise to by thirty the.DAT hundred.DAT student.PL.ACC
Translation: Thirty percent of the people we gave a raise to yesterday were students.