lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Mary-wa [John-ga [atarasii kasetu-o teiansita] gakusei-o] homete-ita]-no]no kekkan-o sitekisita .
Glosses: M-TOP J-NOM new hypothesis-ACC proposed student-ACC praise-had-no-GEN defect-ACC pointed.out
Translation: Mary pointed out a defect in: [the new hypothesis such that …] John had praised [the student who proposed a new hypothesis].
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-wa [[ [sono toppina kaiketuhoo-o teiansi-ta] seibisi]-ga imadewa moo Amerika no kaisya-de erakunattei-ru] no [] no habahiroi zituyoosei-ni imasaranagara kantansi-ta .19
Glosses: I-TOP that preposterous solution-ACC propose-PAST engineer-NOM now already U.S . no company-in big.shot.be-PRES no  no wide.ranged applicability-at again marvel.at-PAST
Translation: I again marveled at the wide-range applicability of that (seemingly) preposterous solution, which the engineer, who is now a big shot in an American company, proposed.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?Dakara , boku-mo tuma-mo [[ [pro sono kibatu-na ryoori-o kooansi-ta] oyazi]-ga imawamoo itiryuuten-ni hikinuk .are .tei-ru] no [pro] no igaina oisisa-ni syoosan-o osim .ana-i .20
Glosses: so I-both wife-both that outlandish.be-PRES dish-ACC invent-PAST man-NOM now top.restaurant-by snatch.away.PASS-ASPECT-PRES no  no unexpected delicacy-at praise-ACC spare-not-PRES
Translation: So, neither I nor my wife spare praises for the delicacy of that outlandish dish that was invented by the man, who has now been snatched away by the top restaurant.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kono hukuro-ni-wa [ noomintati-ga [ [sono hatugasi-na-i wata-o kaihatusi-ta] kaisya]-ni mainen tagaku no okane-o harai tuzuke .nakereba .narazu , kurusinde .i-ru] no [ ] no tane]-ga haittei-mas-u .21
Glosses: this bag-in-TOP farmers-NOM  that germinate-not-PRES cotton-ACC develop-PAST company-to every.year huge no money-ACC pay continue.must-PRES.and suffering.be-PRES no  no seed-NOM contain-POLITE-PRES
Translation: Contained in this bag are the seeds of cotton that do not (prematurely) germinate, for which the farmers must pay a huge amount of money every year to the company that developed them.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Sorede , [kyoozyu-ga [ [dare-ga kai-ta] ronbun]-o hometei-ta] no]-ga kondo zyosyu-de saiyoos-are-ru kotoninat-ta no ?22
Glosses: so.then professor-NOM who-NOM write-PAST paper-ACC praise-PAST no-NOM now instructor-as hire-PASS-PRES come.to.be-PAST Q
Translation: (Intended: ‘Who the Professor praised the paper he had written has been appointed as an instructor now?’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [Kyoozyu-ga [ [sono insei-ga kai-ta] ronbun]-o hometei-ta] no [pro]-ga kondo zyosyu-de saiyoosare-ru kotoninat-ta .
Glosses: professor-NOM that grad.student-NOM write-PAST paper]-ACC praise-PAST no -NOM now instructor-as hire.PASS-PRES come.to.be-PAST
Translation: That graduate student of whom the professor praised the paper he had written has been appointed as an instructor.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [[ [kyoosooaite no osiego-ga sono zyuuyoona kasetu-o kokusaikaigi-de happyoosi-te koohyoo-o hakusi-ta] node] Yano-sensei-ga sukkari otikondesimat-ta] no [] no syooryaku-nasi no purinto-ga kore des-u .23
Glosses:  rival no student-NOM that important.be hypothesis-ACC international.conference-at present-ing popularity-ACC gain-PAST because Y-pro.-NOM greatly get.depress-PAST no  no omission-free no copy-NOM this be-PRES
Translation: This is a complete copy of the important hypothesis, concerning which Prof. Yano was so greatly depressed because his rival’s student presented it at an international conference and received favorable responses.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-wa [[ [sono toppina kaiketuhoo-o teiansi-ta] seibisi]-ga imadewa moo Amerika no kaisya-de erakunattei-ru] no [pro] no habahiroi zituyoosei-ni imasaranagara kantansi-ta .
Glosses: I-TOP  that preposterous solution-ACC propose-PAST engineer-NOM now already U.S . no company-in big.shot.be-PRES no  no wide.ranged applicability-at again marvel.at-PAST
Translation: I again marvel at the wide-range applicability of that (seemingly) preposterous solution, which the engineer, who is now a big shot in an American company, proposed.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kono hukuro-ni-wa [ noomintati-ga [ [sono hatugasi-na-i wata-o kaihatusi-ta] kaisya]-ni mainen tagaku no okane-o harai tuzuke .nakereba .narazu , kurusinde .i-ru] no [ pro] no tane]-ga haittei-mas-u .
Glosses: this bag-in-TOP  farmers-NOM  that germinate-not-PRES cotton-ACC develop-PAST company-to every.year huge no money-ACC pay continue.must-PRES.and suffering.be-PRES no  no seed-NOM contain-POLITE-PRES
Translation: Contained in this bag are the seeds of cotton that do not (prematurely) germinate, for which the farmers must pay a huge amount of money every year to the company that developed them.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Boku-wa [[ [nanraka no kaiketuhoo-o teiansi-ta] seibisi]-ga imadewa moo Amerika no kaisya-de erakunattei-ru] no [] no habahiroi zituyoosei-ni imasaranagara wide .ranged
Glosses: I-TOP  some.kind.of no solution-ACC propose-PAST engineer-NOM now already U.S . no company-in big.shot.be-PRES no  no kantansi-ta . applicability-at again marvel.at-PAST
Translation: (‘I again marveled at the wide-range applicability of some kind of solutions, which the engineer, who is now a big shot in an American company, proposed.’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Dakara , boku-mo tuma-mo [[ [pro nanraka no ryoori-o kooansi-ta] oyazi]-ga imawamoo itiryuuten-ni hikinuk .are .tei-ru] no [pro] no igaina oisisa-ni syoosan-o osim .ana-i .
Glosses: so I-both wife-both some.kind.of no dish-ACC invent-PAST man-NOM now top.restaurant-by snatch.away.PASS-ASPECT-PRES no  no unexpected delicacy-at praise-ACC spare-not-PRES
Translation: (‘So, neither I nor my wife spare praises for the delicacy of some kind of dishes that were invented by the man, who has now been snatched away by the top restaurant.’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Kono hukuro-ni-wa [ noomintati-ga [ [nanraka no hatugasi-na-i wata-o kaihatusi-ta] kaisya]-ni mainen tagaku no okane-o harai tuzuke .nakereba .narazu , kurusinde .i-ru] no [ ] no tane]-ga haittei-mas-u .
Glosses: this bag-in-TOP farmers-NOM  some.kind.of no germinate-not-PRES cotton-ACC develop-PAST company-to every.year huge no money-ACC pay continue.must-PRES.and suffering.be-PRES no  no seed-NOM contain-POLITE-PRES
Translation: (‘Contained in this bag are several kinds of cotton seeds that do not (prematurely) germinate, for which the farmers must pay a huge amount of money every year to the company that developed them.’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?*Ken-wa [[[Naomi-ga ofisu-ni {Lucky , sono haiiro no neko}-o tureteki-ta]-no]-no ke]-o kat-ta .24
Glosses: K-TOP N-NOM office-DAT {L, that grey  cat}-ACC bring-PAST-NML-GEN hair-ACC cut-PAS
Translation: Naomi brought {Lucky, that grey cat} to the office and Ken cut her hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Otoko-wa [[Yuuzi-ga nigeyoo .to .su-ru]  [pro] no kata]-o tukan-de , hikimodosi-ta .25
Glosses: man-TOP Y-NOM try.to.escape-PRES no  no shoulder-ACC grab-and pull.back-PAST
Translation: The man, grabbing the shoulders of Yuuji, who was trying to run away.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Syukyoo-wa  [Jean Valjean-ga tome-yoo-to .su-ru] no [pro]] no te-o tor-i , sono te-ni gin no syokudai-o mot-ase-ta .26
Glosses: bishop-TOP  JV-NOM refuse-try-attempt-PRES no  no hand-ACC take-and that hand-into silver no candlestick-ACC hold-caus-PAST
Translation: Jean Valjean made a gesture to refuse, but the bishop took his hand, and put the silver candlestick into his hand.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Zyuui-wa [[kodomo-ga isoide Lucky-o hakondeki-ta] no [pro] no sippo to asi]-o tukande , sinsatudai no ue-ni nekase-ta .27
Glosses: veterinarian-TOP child-NOM in.hurry L.ACC bring-PAST no  no tail and leg-ACC held.and examiniation.table no top-DAT lay.down-PAST
Translation: The veterinarian took hold of Lucky’s tail and legs, whom the children hurriedly brought in, and laid her down on the examination table.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?*Ken-wa [[Naomi-ga ofisu-ni {Lucky , sono haiiro no neko}-o tureteki-ta] no [pro] no ke]-o kat-ta .
Glosses: K-TOP N-NOM office-DAT {Lucky, that gray no cat}-ACC bring-PAST no  no hair-ACC cut-PAST
Translation: Naomi brought {Lucky, that gray cat} to the office, and Ken cut her hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ken-wa [[[Naomi-ga ofisu-ni [e] tureteki-ta][ {Lucky , sono haiiro no neko}] no ke-o kat-ta .
Glosses: K-TOP N-NOM office-DAT bring-PAST {Lucky, that gray no cat} no hair-ACC cut-PAST
Translation: Ken cut the hair of {Lucky, the gray cat}, which Naomi had brought to the office.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Junya-wa [ Ayaka-ga mui-ta ringo]-o tabe-ta .
Glosses: J-TOP  A-NOM peel-PAST apple-ACC eat-PAST
Translation: Junya ate the apples that Ayaka peeled.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Junya-wa [ Ayaka-ga ringo-o mui-ta -no]-o tabe-ta .
Glosses: J-TOP  A-NOM apple-ACC peel-PAST -no-ACC eat-PAST
Translation: literally ‘Junya ate [that Ayaka peeled apples].
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Junya-wa [ Ayaka-ga ringo-o mui-ta sono ringo]-o tabe-ta .
Glosses: J-TOP  A-NOM apple-ACC peel-PAST that apple-ACC eat-PAST
Translation: literally ‘Junya ate [those apples that Ayaka peeled apples].
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [[Mishima-ga kai-ta to] sensei-ga osietekure-ta] saisyo no hon
Glosses: M-NOM write-PAST C teacher-NOM teach-PAST first no book
Translation: the first book that the teacher told us that Mishima wrote
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [[[Mishima-ga kaita to] sensei-ga osietekureta to] John-ga itta] saisyo no hon
Glosses: M-NOM write-PAST C teacher-NOM teach-PAST C J-NOM first first no book
Translation: = the λx first [book, x] [John said that [teacher said that Mishima wrote x]] ≠ the λx [John said that [first [book, x] [teacher said that Mishima wrote x]]] ≠ the λx [John said that [teacher said that [first [Mishima wrote [book, x]]]]]
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-wa [[ [toppina kaiketuhoo-o teiansi-ta] seibisi]-ga imadewa Amerika no kaisya-de erakunattei-ru] sono (toppina) kaiketuhoo no habahiroi zituyoosei-ni imasaranagara kantansi-ta .
Glosses: I-TOP preposterous solution-ACC propose-PAST engineer-NOM now U.S . no company-in big.shot.be-PRES that preposterous solution no wide.ranged applicability-at again marvel.at-PAST
Translation: I again marvel at the wide-range applicability of that (seemingly) preposterous solution, which the engineer, who is now a big shot in an American company, proposed.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [[[Kyoosooaite no osiego-ga zyuuyoona kasetu-o kokusaikaigi-de happyoosi-te koohyoo-o hakusi-ta] node] Yano-sensei-ga sukkari otikondesimat-ta] sono (zyuuyoona) kasetu no syooryaku-nasi no purinto-ga kore des-u .
Glosses: rival no student-NOM important.be hypothesis-ACC international.conference-at present-ing popularity-ACC gain-PAST because Y-pro.-NOM greatly get.depress-PAST that important hypothesis no omission-free no copy-NOM this be-PRES
Translation: This is a complete copy of that important hypothesis, concerning which Prof. Yano was so greatly depressed because his rival’s student presented the (important) hypothesis at an international conference.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Boku-wa [[ [nanraka no kaiketuhoo-o teiansi-ta] seibisi]-ga imadewa moo Amerika no kaisya-de erakunattei-ru] sono nanraka no kaiketuhoo no habahiroi zituyoosei-ni imasaranagara kantansi-ta .
Glosses: I-TOP some.kind.of no solution-ACC propose-PAST engineer-NOM now already U.S . no company-in big.shot.be-PRES that some.kind.of no solution no wide.ranged applicability-at again marvel.at-PAST
Translation: (‘I again marveled at the wide-range applicability of some kind of solutions, which the engineer, who is now a big shot in an American company, proposed.’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Mary-wa [John-ga [atarasii kasetu-o teiansita] gakusei-o] homete-ita] no [] no kekkan-o sitekisi-ta .
Glosses: M-TOP J-NOM new hypothesis-ACC proposed student-ACC praise-had no  no defect-ACC point.out-PAST
Translation: Mary pointed out a defect in: [the new hypothesis such that …] John had praised [the student who proposed a new hypothesis].
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?Mary-wa [John-ga [atarasii kasetu-o teiansita] gakusei-o] hometei-ta] sono (atarasii) kasetu no kekkan-o sitekisi-ta .
Glosses: M-TOP J-NOM new hypothesis-ACC proposed student-ACC praise-PAST that new solution no defect-ACC point.out-PAST
Translation: Mary pointed out a defect in that new hypothesis that John had praised the student who had proposed the new hypothesis (in question).
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?Sue-ga [koinu no Poti ,-ga ikakus-ru Mikeh-o kamawootosu-ru] no [] no sippo-o tukan-de hikihanasi-ta .
Glosses: S-NOM puppy no P-NOM threaten-PRES M-ACC engage.try-PRES no  no tail-ACC grab-ing separate-PAST
Translation: Pochi, a puppy, tried to engage Mikeh, who threatened him, into play, and Sue separated them by grabbing {his, her, their} tail(s).
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Sue-ga [koinu no Poti-ga ikakus-ru Mikeh-o kamawootosu-ru] sono Poti] no sippo-o tukan-de hikihanasi-ta .
Glosses: S-NOM puppy no P-NOM threaten-PRES M-ACC engage.try-PRES that P no tail-ACC grab-ing separate-PAST
Translation: Pochi, a puppy, tried to engage Mikeh, who threatened him, into play, and Sue separated them by grabbing Pochi’s tail.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Sue-ga [koinu no Poti ,-ga ikakus-ru Mikeh-o kamawootosu-ru] sono Mikeh] no sippo-o tukan-de hikihanasi-ta .
Glosses: S-NOM puppy no P-NOM threaten-PRES M-ACC engage.try-PRES that M no tail-ACC grab-ing separate-PAST
Translation: Pochi, a puppy, tried to engage Mikeh, who threatened him, into play, and Sue separated them by grabbing Mikeh’s tail.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Sue-ga [koinu no Poti-ga ikakus-ru Mikeh-o kamawootosu-ru] sono Poti to Mikeh] no sippo-o tukan-de hikihanasi-ta .
Glosses: S-NOM puppy no P-NOM threaten-PRES M-ACC engage.try-PRES that P and M no tail-ACC grab-ing separate-PAST
Translation: Pochi, a puppy, tried to engage Mikeh, who threatened him, into a play, and Sue separated them by grabbing Pochi’s and Mikeh’s tails.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dono gakusei-mo [soitu-ga/pro kongakki paper-o 3-bon kaita]-no]-o kesa teisyutusita .
Glosses: every student (s)he-NOM/pro this.semester paper-ACC 3-CL wrote.NM-ACC this.morning turned.in
Translation: Every student wrote three term papers this semester and turned in the term papers he or she wrote this semester this morning.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [[[ kongakki paper-o 3-bon kaita] [[[[ pro] N]]] [no]] [teisyutusi]]
Glosses:  this.semester term.paper-ACC 3-CL wrote  NM turn.in
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Mary-ga [John-ga [[zibun no gakusei-ga zuuyoona kasetu-o teiansi-ta] to] zimansitei-ta] no [pro] no kekkan-o sitekisi-ta .
Glosses: M-NOM J-NOM self no student-NOM important hypothesis-ACC propose-PAST COMP boast-PAST no  no defect-ACC point.out-PAST
Translation: John had boasted [that his student proposed an important hypothesis]], and Mary pointed out the defect in it.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Keikan-wa [ [otoko-ga te-o age-te deteki-ta] no [ pro] -ni taiatari-o-kurawase]-ta .
Glosses: cop-TOP  man-NOM hand-ACC raise-and come.out-PAST no  -DAT tackle-PAST
Translation: A policeman tackled a man, who had come out with his hands up.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Keikan-wa [[ otoko-ga te-o age-te deteki-ta no-ni]  taiatari-o 
Glosses: cop-TOP  man-NOM hand-ACC raise-and come.out-PAST no-ni  tackle-PAST kurawase]-ta . 
Translation: A policeman tackled a man, as he came out with his hands up.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *[[ [Kyoosooaite no osiego-ga nani-o kokusaikaigi-de happyoosi-te koohyoo-o hakusi-ta] node] Yano-sensei-ga sukkari otikondesimat-ta] no [] no syooryaku-nasi no purinto-ga kore des-u .
Glosses:  rival no student-NOM that what-ACC international.conference-at present-ing popularity-ACC gain-PAST because Y-prof.-NOM greatly get.depress-PAST no  no omission-free no copy-NOM this be-PRES
Translation: (Intended: ‘This is a complete copy of what, concerning which Prof. Yano was so greatly depressed because his rival’s student presented it at an international conference and received favorable responses?’)
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-geeɾ dʒiitɑ tɛɛta .
Glosses: PST-3SG-see person cow
Translation: A person saw a cow (long ago).
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-geeɾ tɛɛta dʒiitɑ .
Glosses: PST-3SG-see cow person
Translation: A person saw a cow (long ago).
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Lakwɔ-nɔɔn nɛ Ø-Ø-ʧɑʊm-e-gee .
Glosses: child-that REL.SG PRES-3SG-love-PROG-REFL
Translation: It is that child that loves him/herself.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Lakwɔ-nɔɔn ko Ø-Ø-ʧɑʊm-e-gee .
Glosses: child-that KO PRES-3SG-love-PROG-REFL
Translation: That child loves him/herself.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-gooʧi laakwɛɛt tɛɛta bɑɑndeek .
Glosses: PST-3SG-give child cow maize
Translation: The child gave the cow some maize.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-e tuugɑ peek ɑmut .
Glosses: PST-3PL-drink cows water yesterday
Translation: The cows drank the water yesterday.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min lɑɑgook bɑɑndeek komie .
Glosses: PST-3PL-plant children maize well
Translation: The children planted the maize well.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: [Kaaneetiindet nɛ-mie] Kipɾoono .
Glosses: teacher REL.SG-good.SG Kiproono
Translation: Kiproono is a good teacher.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: [Eeʧeen] ɑɑɾto-ʧu .
Glosses: big.PL goats-these
Translation: These goats are big.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: [Mii mbaɾɛɛt nɛ-oo] Kipɾoono .
Glosses: COP field REL.SG-big.SG Kiproono
Translation: Kiproono is in the big field.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Ø-Ø-Am-e Kipɾoono lɑgojɑt-ɑɑp ʧeeptoo .
Glosses: PRES-3SG-eat-PROG Kiproono orange-POSS Cheptoo
Translation: Kiproono eats Cheptoo’s orange.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kingoit tabandab ainet , [ kokwai koita ne kimi ngweny moset ] ak kolany ketit .
Glosses: when.he.arrived bank.of river  collected stone that was ground monkey  and climbed tree
Translation: When he arrived at the river bank, the monkey collected a stone that was on the ground and climbed up the tree.
Language: Kipsigis ( translation)
Transcription: Ø-Ø-Keeɾ-e Kipɾoono peek .
Glosses: PRES-3SG-see-PROG Kiproono water
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Ø-Ø-Keeɾ-e Kipɾoono peeg-ʤu .
Glosses: PRES-3SG-see-PROG Kiproono water-this
Translation: Kiproono sees this water.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-wiɾtɑ Kipɾoono koitɑ .
Glosses: PST-3SG-throw Kiproono rock
Translation: Kiproono threw the rock.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-tel rootweet Kipɾoono .
Glosses: PST-3SG-cut knife Kiproono
Translation: The knife cut Kiproono.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-geɾ Kipɾoono kɔlɛ koo-Ø-min lɑɑgook bɑɑndeek komie .
Glosses: PST-3SG-say Kiproono that PST-3PL-plant children maize well
Translation: Kiproono said that the children planted the maize well.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-ɑ-geeɾ mbaɾɛɛt nɛ koo-Ø-min lɑɑgook bɑɑndeek komie .
Glosses: PST-1SG-see field REL.SG PST-3PL-plant children maize well
Translation: I saw the field where the children planted the maize well.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: En oosneet ko koo-Ø-iɾi lɑɑgook keetit .
Glosses: in forest KO PST-3PL-break children stick
Translation: As for (in) the forest, the children broke the stick there.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Keetit nɛ koo-Ø-iɾi lɑɑgook ɑmut .
Glosses: stick REL.SG PST-3PL-break children yesterday
Translation: It is the stick that the children broke yesterday.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min lɑɑgook bɑɑndeek ɑmut-í ?
Glosses: PST-3PL-plant children maize yesterday-Q
Translation: Did the children plant maize yesterday?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑl giirwɑɑgiindet aartɛɛt ɑmut .
Glosses: PST-3SG-buy chief goat yesterday
Translation: The chief bought the/a goat yesterday.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑl ŋoo aartɛɛt ɑmut ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-buy who goat yesterday
Translation: Who bought the/a goat yesterday?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑl nee giirwɑɑgiindet ɑmut ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-buy what chief yesterday
Translation: What did the chief buy yesterday?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑl aʊ giirwɑɑgiindet aartɛɛt ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-buy when chief goat
Translation: When did the chief buy a goat?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min nee lɑɑgook komie ?
Glosses: PST-3PL-plant what children well
Translation: What did the children plant well?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-e ŋoo peek ɑmut ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-drink who water yesterday
Translation: Who drank water yesterday?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-gooʧi nee ʧeepkoeʧ Kibeet ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-give what Chepkoech Kibeet
Translation: What did Chepkoech give Kibeet?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-gooʧi ŋoo Kibeet kɪtabʊʊt ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-give who Kibeet book
Translation: Who gave Kibeet a book?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-gooʧi ŋoo ʧeepkoeʧ kɪtabʊʊt ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-give who Chepkoech book
Translation: Who did Chepkoech give a book?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min-dɑ ɑno lɑɑgook bɑɑndeek ?
Glosses: PST-3PL-plant-DA how children maize
Translation: How did the children plant the maize?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-e aʊ tuugɑ peek ?
Glosses: PST-3PL-drink when cows water
Translation: When did the cows drink water?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo beetuut nɛ-mie ɑmut .
Glosses: PST day REL.SG-good.SG yesterday
Translation: Yesterday was a good day.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min ŋoo bɑɑndeek komie ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-plant who maize well
Translation: Who planted the maize well?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Mwɔ-ɔn kiit agɔbɔ Kipɾoono .
Glosses: tell-1SG.OBJ thing about Kiproono
Translation: Tell me something about Kiproono.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kii-Ø-min Kipɾoono bɑɑndeek .
Glosses: PST-3SG-plant Kiproono maize
Translation: Kiproono planted the maize.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Mwɔ-ɔn kiit agɔbɔ bɑɑndeek .
Glosses: tell-1SG.OBJ thing about maize
Translation: Tell me something about the maize.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: #?Kii-Ø-min Kipɾoono bɑɑndeek .
Glosses: PST-3SG-plant Kiproono maize
Translation: Kiproono planted the maize.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: [Kaaneetiindet] Kipɾoono [nɛ-mie].
Glosses: teacher Kiproono REL.SG-good.SG
Translation: Kiproono is a good teacher.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: *Ø-Ø-Nɛɛtɪ [kaaneetiindet] lɑɑgook [nɛ-mie].
Glosses: PRES-3SG-teach teacher children REL.SG-good.SG
Translation: Intended: ‘A good teacher teaches students.’15
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: *Koo-Ø-jiiɑsi lɑɑgook saanɪɪt kuʧomiiŋge ɪnɛ .
Glosses: PST-3PL-break children plate deliberately definitely
Translation: Intended: ‘The children definitely broke the plate deliberately.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-jiiɑsi ɪnɛ lɑɑgook saanɪɪt kuʧoogi .
Glosses: PST-3PL-break definitely children plate quickly
Translation: The children definitely broke the plate quickly.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-jiiɑsi ɪnɛ saanɪɪt lɑɑgook kuʧomiiŋge .
Glosses: PST-3PL-break definitely plate children deliberately
Translation: The children definitely broke the plate deliberately.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Nɑ’e mɑ’u ‘e Sione ‘ɑ e ika .
Glosses: PST get ERG Sione ABS the fish
Translation: Sione got the fish.
Language: Tonga (Tonga Islands) (English translation)
Transcription: Ko hɑi nɑ’ɑ ne fili ‘ɑ Pilɑ ?
Glosses: PRED who PST 3SG choose ABS Pila
Translation: Who chose Pila?
Language: Kipsigis ( translation)
Transcription: Nɑ’e fili ‘e Sione ‘ɑ Pilɑ .
Glosses: PST choose ERG Sione ABS Pila
Language: Kipsigis ( translation)
Transcription: #Nɑ’e fili ‘ɑ Pilɑ ‘e Sione .
Glosses: PST choose ABS Pila ERG Sione
Language: Japanese ( translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sakana-ba tabeta-bai .
Glosses: Taro-NOM fish-ACC ate-FINAL.PARTICLE
Language: Kipsigis ( translation)
Transcription: Sakana-ba Taroo-no tabeta-bai .
Glosses: fish-ACC Taro-NO ate-FINAL.PARTICLE
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min bɑɑndeek lɑɑgook komie .
Glosses: PST-3PL-plant maize children well
Translation: The children planted the maize well.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min lɑɑgook komie bɑɑndeek .
Glosses: PST-3PL-plant children well maize
Translation: The children planted the maize well.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑm mʧɛɛlɛk Kipɾoono ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-eat rice Kiproono
Translation: Did Kiproono eat the rice?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: ʔɪʔɪ/ɑɑʧiʧɑ , koo-Ø-ɑm ʧeepkoeʧ mʧɛɛlɛk .
Glosses: no PST-3SG-eat Chepkoech rice
Translation: No, Chepkoech ate the rice.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Abɔ a-mwɔ-ʊn (kiit) agɔbɔ lɑɑgook .
Glosses: Fut 1SG-tell-2SG.OBJ thing about children
Translation: I am going to tell you (something) about the children.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-gooʧi lɑɑgook Kipɾoono zɑwɑdi ɑmut .
Glosses: PST-3SG-give children Kiproono gift yesterday
Translation: Kiproono gave the children a gift yesterday.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-gooʧi lɑɑgook ʧɛ mo-siɾe taman Kipɾoono zɑwɑdi ɑmut .
Glosses: PST-3SG-gave children REL.PL Neg-exceed ten Kiproono gifts yesterday
Translation: Kiproono gave no more than ten children gifts yesterday.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-min bɑɑndeek ɪʧɛɛgɛn laakwɛɛt .
Glosses: PST-3SG-plant maize only child
Translation: The child planted only maize.
Language: Kipsigis ( translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-geeɾ Obama Kiproono .
Glosses: PST-3SG-see Obama Kiproono
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑ ŋoo ɑno ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-go who where
Translation: Who went where?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑ laakwɛɛt sʊgʊl .
Glosses: PST-3SG-go child school
Translation: The child went to school.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-ɑ ɑno ŋoo ?
Glosses: PST-3SG-go where who
Translation: Who went where?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: #Koo-Ø-ɑ laakwɛɛt sʊgʊl .
Glosses: PST-3SG-go child school
Translation: The child went to school.
Language: Korean (English translation)
Transcription: Kumsokhwalca-nun hankwukin-i palmyeng hay-ss-ta .
Glosses: metal.type-NUN Korean-NOM invention do-PST-DEC
Translation: As for metallic type, Koreans invented it.
Language: Korean (English translation)
Transcription: Inswu-nun soselchayk-ul sa-ss-e-yo .
Glosses: Inswu-NUN novel.book-ACC buy-PST-DEC-HON
Translation: Inswu bought a novel.’ (answering “What did Inswu buy?”)
Language: Korean (English translation)
Transcription: (Kyay) Seoul-ey-nun ka-pwa-ss-e .
Glosses: he Seoul-DAT-NUN go-see-PST-DEC
Translation: (He) has been to Seoul.
Language: Korean (English translation)
Transcription: Ikey yakkan-un sasil yenkuk-ulo choyen-i-ki ttaymwun-ey changcakkuk-kathu-n nukkim-I iss-nuntey …
Glosses: this-NOM a.little-NUN in.fact play-as premiere-COP-AVZ because-DAT original.play-seem-ANZ feeling-NOM exist-but
Translation: Since this work is on the stage for the first time as a play, it feels a little like (this) is an original play, but …
Language: Danish (English translation)
Transcription: Esbjerg [satser på træner-side-n], mens Aalborg ikke gør det .
Glosses: Esbjerg emphasizes on coach-side-DEF while Aalborg not does DET
Translation: Esbjerg emphasizes coaching, while Aalborg doesn’t.
Language: Danish (English translation)
Transcription: Tjener ! Bestilte jeg ikke en gin og tonic ?
Glosses: waiter ordered I not a gin and tonic
Translation: Waiter, didn’t I order a gin and tonic?
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Jo , det gjorde De .
Glosses: yes DET did you
Translation: Yes, you did.
Language: Kipsigis ( translation)
Transcription: #Jo , De gjorde det .
Glosses: yes you did DET
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kingogagoiyan Tabutany , komut cheplanget ak koba banda ne lo mising . Kingoit ole kimenye , koreek koroisit [cheplanget].
Glosses: when.had.agreed Tabutany taken.by leopard and went journey that far very when.arrived where he.lived took.off hat leopard
Translation: After Tabutany had agreed, she was taken by the leopard and they went on a very long journey. When they arrived where he lived, the leopard took off his hat.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: #Koo-Ø-gooʧi Kipɾoono zɑwɑdi ɑmut lɑɑgook .
Glosses: PST-3SG-give Kiproono gift yesterday children
Translation: Kiproono gave the children a gift yesterday.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Kingoit ole kimenye , koreek [cheplanget] koroisit .
Glosses: when.arrived where he.lived took.off leopard hat
Translation: When they arrived where he lived, the leopard took off his hat.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-sus [ŋooktɑ agɛ tʊgʊl] ʤiitɑ-ɲiin .
Glosses: PST-3SG-bite dog every person-POSS
Translation: Every dog bit its person.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-sus ʤiitɑ-ɲiin [ŋooktɑ agɛ tʊgʊl].
Glosses: PST-3SG-bite person-POSS dog every
Translation: Every dog bit its person.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-mwɛt ʤiitɑ-ɲiin [ŋooktɑ agɛ tʊgʊl].
Glosses: PST-3SG-wash person-POSS dog every
Translation: Its owner washed every dog.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-mwɛt [ŋooktɑ agɛ tʊgʊl] ʤiitɑ-ɲiin .
Glosses: PST-3SG-wash dog every person-POSS
Translation: Its owner washed every dog.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-geeɾ [ʧooɾweet-ɑɑp Kipɾoono] ɪnɛɛndɛt .
Glosses: PST-3SG-see friend-POSS Kiproono him
Translation: Kiproono’s friend saw him.
Language: Kipsigis (English translation)
Transcription: Koo-Ø-geeɾ ɪnɛɛndɛt [ʧooɾweet-ɑɑp Kipɾoono].
Glosses: PST-3SG-see him friend-POSS Kiproono
Translation: Kiproono’s friend saw him.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Neska-k ohera-tu dira /ziren . PERFECT/PERFECTIVE
Glosses: girl.DET-PL.ABS go.bed-PTCP be.3plABS be.3plABS.PST 
Translation: The girls have gone to bed.’ / ‘The girls went to bed.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Neska-k ohera-tzen dira . IMPERFECTIVE
Glosses: girl.DET-PL.ABS go.bed-IMPRF be.3plABS 
Translation: The girls go to bed.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Neska-k ohera-tu-ko dira . PROSPECTIVE
Glosses: girl.DET-PL.ABS go.bed-PTCP-GEN be.3plABS 
Translation: The girls will go to bed.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Neska-k ohera-tu-a-k dira/daude . RESULTATIVE
Glosses: girl.DET-PL.ABS go.bed-PTCP-PRED-PL be.3plABS/LOC.be.3plABS 
Translation: The girls are gone to bed.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: liburu apur-tu bat
Glosses: book break-PTCP DET.INDF
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: liburu gorri bat
Glosses: book red DET.INDF
Translation: a red book
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Liburu bat hautsi-a da/dago .
Glosses: book DET.INDF.ABS break.PTCP-PRED be.3sgABS/LOC.be.3sgABS
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Liburu bat gorri-a da .
Glosses: book DET.INDF.ABS red-PRED be.3sgABS
Translation: A book is red.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Liburu-a-k hautsi-a-k dira /daude .
Glosses: book-DET-PL.ABS break.PTCP-PRED-PL be.3plABS LOC.be.3plABS
Translation: The books are broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Liburu-ek hautsi-a-k dirudite .
Glosses: book-PL.ERG break.PTCP-PRED-PL seem.3plERG
Translation: The books seem broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Aulki-a-k erreserba-tu-a ema-ten du .
Glosses: chair-DET-ERG break-PTCP-PRED seem-IMPRF have.3sgERG
Translation: The chair seems reserved.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Liburu-a oso hautsi-a dago .
Glosses: book-DET.ABS very break.PTCP-PRED LOC.be.3sgABS
Translation: The book is very broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Liburu-a-k hautsi dira /*daude .
Glosses: book-DET-PL.ABS break.PTCP be.3plABS LOC.be.3plABS
Translation: With ‘be’: ‘The books have broken.’ (perfect) With locative ‘be’: ungrammatical
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Liburu-ek hautsi dirudite .
Glosses: book-PL.ERG break.PTCP seem.3plERG
Translation: Intended: ‘The books seem broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Aulki-a-k erreserba-tu ema-ten du .
Glosses: chair-DET-ERG break-PTCP seem-IMPRF have.3sgERG
Translation: Intended: ‘The chair seems reserved.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Liburu-a oso hautsi da /dago .
Glosses: book-DET.ABS very break.PTCP be.3sgABS /LOC.be.3sgABS
Translation: Intended: ‘The book is very broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nor orraz-tu da ?
Glosses: Who.ABS comb-PTCP be.3sgABS
Translation: Who has combed?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Nor da orraz-tu ?
Glosses: Who.ABS be.3sgABS comb-PTCP
Translation: Intended: ‘Who has combed?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Nor orraz-tu-a dago ?
Glosses: Who.ABS comb-PTCP-PRED LOC.be.3sgABS
Translation: Intended: ‘Who is combed?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nor dago orraz-tu-a ?
Glosses: Who.ABS LOC.be.3sgABS comb-PTCP-PRED
Translation: Who is combed?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Zer gorri-a da ?
Glosses: what.ABS red-PRED be.3sgABS
Translation: Intended: ‘What is red?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Zer da gorri-a ?
Glosses: what.ABS be.3sgABS red-PRED
Translation: What is red?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ate-a ireki-a eraiki dute .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS open.PTCP-PRED build.PTCP have.3sgERG.3sgABS
Translation: They have built the door open.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ate-a kontu handi-z ireki-a dago .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS care big-INSTR open.PTCP-PRED LOC.be.3sgABS
Translation: The door is opened carefully.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ate-a zabal-ik eraiki dute .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS open-RIK build.PTCP have.3plERG.3sgABS
Translation: They have built the door open.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ??Atea zabal-du-a eraiki dute .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS open-PTCP-PRED build.PRT have.3plERG.3sgABS
Translation: Intended: ‘They have built the door open.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Ate-a kontu handi-z zabal-ik dago .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS care big-INSTR open-RIK LOC.be.3sgABS
Translation: Intended: The door is opened carefully.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ate-a kontu handi-z zabal-du-a dago .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS care big-INSTR open-PTCP-PRED LOC.be.3sgABS
Translation: The door is opened carefully.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ume-a arreta-rik gabe orraz-tu-a dago / da .
Glosses: child-DET.ABS attention-PART without comb-PRTC-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS
Translation: The child is combed sloppily.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Auto-a kontu handi-z konpon-du-a dago / da .
Glosses: car-DET.ABS care big-INSTR fix-PRTC-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS
Translation: The car is fixed carefully.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ume-a nahita orraz-tu-a dago / da horrela .
Glosses: child-DET.ABS on.purpose comb-PRTC-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS like.that
Translation: The child is combed like that on purpose.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Auto-a nahita konpon-du-a dago/da .
Glosses: car-DET.ABS on.purpose fix-PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS
Translation: The car is fixed on purpose.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Marinel memelo bat-ek pote irekigailu bat-ez egin-a dirudi .11
Glosses: sailor idiot DET-ERG can opener DET-INSTR do.PTCP-PRED seem.3sgERG
Translation: It seems done by an idiot sailor with a can opener.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ume-a (*oraindik) nahita orraz-tu-a dago (*oraindik) horrela .
Glosses: child-DET.ABS still on.purpose comb-PRTC-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS still like.that
Translation: The child is (*still) combed like that on purpose.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kotxea (*oraindik) nahita konpon-du-a dago (*oraindik).
Glosses: car-DET.ABS still on.purpose fix-PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS still
Translation: The car is (*still) fixed on purpose.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Marinel memelo bat-ek (*oraindik) pote irekigailu bat-ez (*oraindik) egin-a dirudi .
Glosses: sailor idiot DET-ERG still can opener DET-INSTR still do.PTCP-PRED seem.3sgERG
Translation: It seems done (*still) by an idiot sailor with a can opener.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Die Tür war kürzlich geöffnet .
Glosses: the door was recently opened
Translation: The door was in the opened state recently, but probably no longer.’ (NOT: the door is in the opened state, the opening took place recently.)
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: *Der Computer ist vor drei Tagen repariert .
Glosses: the computer is before three days repaired
Translation: Intended: ‘The computer is repaired three days ago.
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: Der Computer ist seit drei Tagen repariert .
Glosses: the computer is since three days repaired .
Language: Greek (English translation)
Transcription: To pc itan diorthomeno prin tris meres .
Glosses: the pc was repaired three days ago
Translation: The pc was repaired three days ago.
Language: Greek (English translation)
Transcription: To pedi itan htenismeno sto banio .
Glosses: the child was combed in.the bathroom
Translation: The child was combed in the bathroom.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Auto-a duela hiru egun/ atzo konpon-du-a dago/da . Gari-ren garaje-a-n
Glosses: car-DET.ABS ago three days/ yesterday fix-PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS Gari-GEN garage-DET-INE
Translation: The car is fixed three days ago / yesterday in Gari’s garage.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Aspaldi geldi-tu-ak gaude / gara .
Glosses: long.ago meet-PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.1plABS
Translation: We did an appointment long ago.’, (lit. We are done-an-appointment long ago)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Elkarrizketa Dima-n egin-a dago/da .
Glosses: interview.DET.ABS Dima-INE do.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgAB
Translation: The interview is done in Dima.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?*Atea 15:00etan zabal-du-a dago .
Glosses: door-DET.ABS 15:00-INE open-PTCP-PRED LOC.be.3sgAB
Translation: Intended: ‘The door is opened at 15:00.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Elkarrizketa Maddi-ri egin-a dago/da .
Glosses: interview.DET.ABS Maddi-DAT do.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgAB
Translation: Maddi was interviewed.’ (lit. The interview is done to Maddi.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Auto-a Gari-k konpon-du-a da .
Glosses: car-DET.ABS Gari-ERG fix-PTCP-PRED be.3sgABS
Translation: The car is fixed by Gari.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Elkarrizketa Maddi-ri egin diogu /*dugu .
Glosses: interview.DET.ABS Maddi-DAT do.PTCP have.3sgAB.3sgDAT.1plERG have.3sgAB.1plERG
Translation: We have interviewed Maddi.’ (lit. We have done the interview to Maddi.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Gari-k auto-a konpon-du du /*da .
Glosses: Gari-ERG car-DET.ABS fix-PTCP have.3sgABS.3sgERG /be.3sgABS
Translation: Gari has fixed the car.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (*Maddi-ri) elkarrizketa (Maddi-ri) egin-a dago/da (*Maddi-ri).
Glosses: Maddi-DAT interview.DET.ABS Maddi-DAT do.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgAB Maddi-DAT
Translation: Maddi has been interviewed.’ (lit. The interview is done to Maddi.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (*Gari-k) auto-a (Gari-k) konpon-du-a da (*Gari-k).
Glosses: Gari-ERG car-DET.ABS Gari-ERG fix-PTCP-PRED be.3sgABS Gari-ERG
Translation: The car is fixed by Gari.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (Maddi-ri) elkarrizketa (Maddi-ri) egin diogu (Maddi-ri).
Glosses: Maddi-DAT interview-DET.ABS Maddi-DAT do.PTCP have.3sgAB.3sgDAT.1plERG Maddi-DAT
Translation: We have interviewed Maddi.’ (lit. We have done the interview to Maddi.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (Gari-k) auto-a (Gari-k) konpon-du du (Gari-k).
Glosses: Gari-ERG car-DET.ABS Gari-ERG fix-PTCP have.3sgABS.3sgERG Gari-ERG
Translation: Gari has fixed the car.
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: Dar Haus ist von Studenten bewohnt .
Glosses: the house is by students in-lived
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: Die Zeichnung ist von einem Kind angefertigt .
Glosses: the drawing is by a child made
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Todos los cuadros estaban pintados por un niño .
Glosses: all.MASC.PL the.MASC.PL pictures be(LOC).3pl.IMPR.PST painted by a child
Translation: All the paintings were painted by a child.’ (>1 child possible) NOT: ‘There was a particular child that painted all the paintings
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Auto-a ni-k/ emakume horrek/ gizon-a-k konpon-du-a da .
Glosses: car-DET.ABS I-ERG/ woman that.ERG man-DET-ERG fix-PTCP-PRED be.3sgABS
Translation: The car is fixed by me / that woman/ the man.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Elkarrizketa zu-ri /emakume horri/ gizon-a-ri egin-a dago/da .
Glosses: Interview.DET.ABS you-DAT/ woman that.DAT/ man-DET-DAT do.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgAB
Translation: The interview is done to you / that woman / the man.
Language: Greek (English translation)
Transcription: To psari itan tiganismeno apo tin Maria
Glosses: the fish was fried by the Mary
Translation: The fish was fried by Mary
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (Ni) pelikula asko ikus-i-a naiz/nago .
Glosses: I.ABS film many.ABS see-PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS
Translation: I have seen many films.’ (lit. I am seen many films.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (Ni) Bilbo-n behin baino gehiago-tan egon-a naiz/nago .
Glosses: I.ABS Bilbao-INE more than once-INE be.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS
Translation: I have been in Bilbao more than once.’ (lit. I am been in Bilbao more than once.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ??Auto-a askotan honda-tu-a dago .
Glosses: car-DET.ABS many.times break-PTCP-PRED be(LOC).3sgABS
Translation: Intended: ‘The car is broken many times.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Komeri ederr-a-k ikus-i-a-k gera gazte-denboran .
Glosses: comedy great-DET-PL.ABS see-PTCP-PRED-PL be.1plABS youth-time-INE
Translation: We have seen a lot in our youth.’, (We are seen great comedies in our youth.)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Herri-ko zinema areto-a-n pelikula asko ikus-i-a naiz .
Glosses: town-GEN cinema hall-DET-INE film many.ABS see-PTCP-PRED be.1sgABS
Translation: I have seen many films in the town cinema hall.’ (lit. I am seen many films (…).)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Zoritxarrez , unibertsitate-a-n horrelako asko entzun-a nago .
Glosses: unfortunately university-DET-INE like.this many.ABS listen.PTCP-PRED LOC.be.1sgABS
Translation: Unfortunately, I have heard many things like that in the university.’ (lit. Unfortunately, I am heard (…).)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Telefono-a gal-du-a dago/da ,
Glosses: phone-DET.ABS lose-PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.1sgABS,
Translation: #baina aurkitu dugu azkenean. #but we finally found it ‘The phone is lost, #but we finally found it.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Telefono-a gal-du da , baina aurkitu dugu azkenean .
Glosses: phone-DET.ABS lose-PTCP be.1sgABS, but we finally found it
Translation: The phone has been lost, but we finally found it.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Hemen egon naiz 8:00-etatik .
Glosses: here be.PTCP be.1sgABS 8:00-ABL
Translation: I have been here since 8 am.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Hemen egon-a naiz/nago 8:00etatik .
Glosses: here be.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.1sgABS 8:00-ABL
Translation: Intended: ‘I have been here since 8 am.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Pastel-a lehengo ostirale-a-n egin-a da/dago .
Glosses: cake-DET.ABS last Friday-DET-INE do.PTCP-PRED (LOC).be.3sgABS
Translation: The cake was done last Friday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ??Pastel-a lehengo ostirale-a-n egin dut .
Glosses: cake-DET.ABS last Friday-DET-INE do.PTCP have.3sgABS.1sgERG
Translation: Intended: ‘I made the cake last Friday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Sarritan entzun-a naiz
Glosses: many.times listen.PTCP-PRED be.1sgABS
Translation: [maitemina gaixo egoteko beste modu bat dela].22 [that being in love is another way of being sick] ‘I have often heard that being in love is another way of being sick.’ (lit. I am often heard that (…).)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Askotan ikus-i-a nago
Glosses: many.times see-PTCP-PRED LOC.be.1sgABS
Translation: [gure ama belar izpi batekin sudur zuloak apropos zirikatzen, …].23 [our mother picking her nose on purpose with a grass fiber] ‘I have often seen our mother picking her hose with a grass fiber.’ (lit. I am often seen (…).)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: mutil horrek pelikula asko ikus-i-a dirudi .
Glosses: boy that.ERG film many.ABS see-PRTC-PRED seem.3sgERG
Translation: That boy seems (to have) seen a lot of films.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: neska horrek bidaia asko egin-a dirudi .
Glosses: girl that.ERG travel many.ABS do.PRTC-PRED seem.3sgERG
Translation: That girl seems (to have) done many travels.