lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Adwoa de(ɛ) me-huu no… (na Kofi de(ɛ) me-n-nim).
Glosses: Adwoa CT I-saw 3SG/ANIM but Kofi CT I-not-know
Translation: As for Adwoa, I saw her (but I don’t know about Kofi).
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Ty videl Ivana ?
Glosses: you saw Ivan.ACC
Translation: Did you see Ivan?
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: (Net), Mariju ja videl (a ne Ivana)
Glosses: no Marija.ACC I saw and not Ivan
Translation: (No), I saw Marija (not Ivan).
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Mariju ja videl (a nasčët Ivana ja ne pomnju).
Glosses: Marija.ACC I saw and about Ivan.ACC I not remember
Translation: As for Marija, I did see her (but I don’t remember about Ivan).
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Boby s”el Ivan .
Glosses: beans.ACC ate Ivan
Translation: Ivan ate the beans.
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Boby to s”el Ivan… (a vot kto vse konfety s”el ja ne znaju).
Glosses: beans.ACC TO ate Ivan and PRT who all candies ate I not know
Translation: As for the beans, Ivan ate them… (but I don’t know who ate all the sweets.)
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: (Nasčët bobov ja ne znaju no…) konfety s”ela Marija .
Glosses: about beans.GEN I not know but candies.ACC ate Marija
Translation: I don’t know about the beans but as for candies, Maria ate them.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-o sono inu wa kinoo kooen-de kande-simatta .
Glosses: John.ACC that dog WA yesterday park-at bite-closed
Translation: The dog bit John in the park yesterday.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (Hmm , John wa doo-ka sira-nai-kedo) Bill wa 8-zi-goro name-o tabeteita (yo).
Glosses: well, John WA how-whether know-not-but Bill WA 8-o’clock-around beans.ACC eating PRT
Translation: (Well, I don’t know about John, but…) as for Bill, he was eating beans around 8 o’clock.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Asita siken ga aru kedo mada hon-o zenzen yondenai .
Glosses: tomorrow exam.NOM exist but yet book.ACC at-all read.NEG
Translation: (I) have an exam tomorrow, but (I) haven’t read the book at all.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John wa sono hon-o yonda tte .
Glosses: John WA the book.ACC read.PAST QT
Translation: (I’ve heard) John has read the book.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Deɛn na e-si-i ?
Glosses: what FOC 3SG.INANIM-happen-PAST
Translation: What happened?
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Adwoa yɛe deɛn ?
Glosses: Adwoa did what
Translation: What did Adwoa do?
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Adwoa dii aduan no .
Glosses: Adwoa ate food DEF
Translation: Adwoa ate the food.
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: #Aduan no na Adwoa dii .
Glosses: food the FOC Adwoa ate
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Wo huu hena ?
Glosses: you saw who
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: #Adwoa na me huu no .
Glosses: Adwoa FOC I saw her
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Adwoa na me huu no .
Glosses: Adwoa FOC I saw 3SG.ANIM
Translation: Adwoa was who I saw.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Osuani bɛn na wo huu no ?
Glosses: student:one which FOC you saw 3SG
Translation: Which student was it that you saw?
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: #Wohuu osuani bɛn ?
Glosses: you-saw student:one which
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Daabi , me huu Ama , ɛnnyɛ Kofi
Glosses: no I saw Ama not Kofi
Translation: No, I saw Ama, not Kofi.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbaa no na me huu no .
Glosses: woman the FOC I saw her
Translation: The woman is who I saw.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbaa no na me-huu no ( ɛna obarima no nso).
Glosses: woman the FOC I-saw 3SG  and man the also
Translation: The woman is who I saw (and also the man).
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbaa no na me-huu no na mmom m-a-n-hu obi fororo biara .
Glosses: woman the FOC I-saw 3SG but conversely I-not-saw person new any
Translation: Although the woman is who I saw, I didn’t see anyone else (any new person).
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Kofi twa-a nsɔhwɛ no anaa ?
Glosses: Kofi passed exam the QUP
Translation: Did Kofi pass the exam?
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Me-n-ni ho kwan sɛ me-ka Kofi results kyerɛ wo na mmom Ama na ɔ-a-n-twa nsɔhwɛ no .
Glosses: I-not-have about allow that I-tell Kofi results show you but conversely Ama FOC 3SG-not-pass exam the
Translation: Although I am not allowed to tell you Kofi’s result, Ama is who did not pass the exam.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbaa no nso na me huu no .
Glosses: woman the also FOC I saw her
Translation: It was also the woman who I saw.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbaa no mpo na me huu no .
Glosses: woman the even FOC I saw her
Translation: It was even the woman who I saw.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Ama na ɔ-a-n-twa nsɔhwɛ no .
Glosses: Ama FOC 3SG-not-pass exam the
Translation: Ama was who did not pass the exam.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ?ɔbarima biara na Ama dɔ no .
Glosses: boy every FOC Ama love 3SG
Translation: Every boy is who Ama loves.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbarima biara na Ama dɔ no , ɛnnyɛ ɔbaa biara .
Glosses: boy every FOC Ama love 3SG not woman every
Translation: Every boy is who Ama loves (not every woman).
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Ivana ja videl (a ne Borisa).
Glosses: Ivan.ACC I saw (and not Boris)
Translation: Ivan I saw (not Boris).
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Ja videl Ivana (a ne Borisa).
Glosses: I saw Ivan.ACC (and not Boris)
Translation: I saw Ivan (not Boris).
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Ama nso baa .
Glosses: Ama also come.PAST
Translation: Ama also came.
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: #Ama na ɔ baa .
Glosses: Ama FOC 3SG.ANIM come.PAST
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Ama na nso ɔ baa .
Glosses: Ama FOC also 3SG.ANIM come.PAST
Translation: AMA also came.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Hena dii aduan no ?
Glosses: who ate food DEF
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Kodwo na ɔ dii aduan no .
Glosses: Kodwo FOC 3SG.ANIM ate food DEF
Translation: Kodwo ate the food.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Kodwo dii aduan no .
Glosses: Kodwo ate food 3SG
Translation: Kodwo ate the food.
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: #Kodwo na ɔ dii aduan no .
Glosses: Kodwo FOC 3SG ate food DEF
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Kodwo yɛe deɛn ?
Glosses: Kodwo did what
Translation: What did Kodwo do?
Language: Russian ( translation)
Transcription: Kto ljubit Mariju ?
Glosses: who loves Mary.ACC
Language: Russian ( translation)
Transcription: Mariju ljubit Ivan .
Glosses: Mary.ACC loves John
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: Hwan na ɔbarima biara dɔ no ?
Glosses: who FOC boy every love 3SG
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: *Ne maame na [ɔbarima biara] dɔ no .
Glosses: his mum FOC boy every loves 3SG
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: Hwan na ɔbaa biara dɔ no ?
Glosses: who FOC girl every love 3SG
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: ɔbarima baako na ɔbaa biara dɔ no .
Glosses: boy one FOC girl every love 3SG
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Hwan na ne nua tan no ?
Glosses: who FOC POSS.3SG brother hate 3SG
Translation: Who is hated by his brother?
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Hwan₁ na abɔfra biara dɔ no₁ ?
Glosses: who FOC child every love 3SG
Translation: Who does every child love?
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Hwan₁ na Kofi ka a [ sɛ abɔfra biara dɔ no₁]?
Glosses: who FOC Kofi say-PAST  that child every love 3SG
Translation: Who did Kofi say that every child loves?
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Mè-húù àbòfrá .
Glosses: I-saw child
Translation: I saw a child
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Mè húù nò .
Glosses: I saw 3SG
Translation: I saw him/her.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: àbòfrá áà mé húù nó
Glosses: child REL I saw 3SG
Translation: a child that I saw
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Àbòfrá nà mé húù nó .
Glosses: child FOC I saw 3SG
Translation: A child is who I saw.
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: na ɔ baa ha .
Glosses: FOC 3SG come.PAST here
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ɛ-yɛ Kofi na ɔ ba-a ha .
Glosses: it-is Kofi FOC 3SG come-PAST here
Translation: It is Kofi who came here.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Kofi ne onipa a ɔ baa ha .
Glosses: Kofi is person REL 3SG come.PAST here
Translation: Kofi is the person/one who came here.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Onipa a ɔ baa ha ne Kofi .
Glosses: person REL 3SG come.PAST here is Kofi
Translation: The person who came here is Kofi.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: [Kofi] [ne] [a ɔ      baa ha .] → (ii) Kofi na ɔbaa ha .
Glosses: Kofi is REL 3SG-come.PAST here   
Translation: Kofi is the one who came here.
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: *Ama na .
Glosses: Ama FOC
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: Adwoa ne Kofi na me huu wɔn
Glosses: Adwoa and Kofi FOC I saw 3PL
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: *Adwoa na ne Kofi na me huu wɔn
Glosses: Adwoa FOC and Kofi FOC I saw 3PL
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: M’ a n hu obiara .
Glosses: I PAST NEG see everybody
Translation: I saw nobody.
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: Tan na Kofi tan Adwoa anaa ?
Glosses: hate FOC Kofi hate Adwoa QuP
Language: Akan ( translation)
Transcription: Daabi , dɔ na Kofi dɔ Adwoa .
Glosses: no love FOC Kofi love Adwoa
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Ama na ɔ n dii akutu no .
Glosses: Ama FOC 3SG NEG ate oranges DEF
Translation: Ama is who did not eat the oranges.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbaa biara dɔ ɔbarima baako .
Glosses: girl every love boy one
Translation: Every girl loves one boy.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ɔbarima baako dɔ ɔbaa biara .
Glosses: boy one love girl every
Translation: One boy loves every girl.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: [ nei  manfo-ɔ yie  yɔ ho ]₁ na aban biara dwene no₁ daa .
Glosses:  poss-people-pl well-be self FOC government every think 3SG every-day
Translation: It’s the well-being of its people that every government thinks about every day.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: ?ɔbarima biara na ɔbaa baako dɔ no .
Glosses: boy every FOC girl one love 3SG
Translation: Every boy is who one girl loves.’ ∀>∃; ?∃>∀
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Kofi ka kyerɛ-ɛ me sɛ Ama na ɔ dii akutu no .
Glosses: Kofi told show me that Ama FOC 3SG ate oranges def
Translation: Kofi told me that Ama was who ate the oranges.
Language: Akan (English translation)
Transcription: Me nim sɛ ɔbaa no na me huu no .
Glosses: I know that woman def FOC I saw 3SG
Translation: I know that the woman was who I saw.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaa nom unsh-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa.NOM book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaa-g nom unsh-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa-ACC book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat chang-aar nokhoi(-g) gaikhal-tai gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR dog(-ACC) wonder-with COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat nokhoi-g chang-aar [ t gaikhal-tai gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat dog-ACC loud-INSTR [ t wonder-with COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that dogs are wonderful.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Öör-iin-kh n’ bagsh oyuutan bür(-iig) sain oyuutan gej khel-sen .
Glosses: self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 teacher student every(-ACC) good student COMP say-PST
Translation: His/Her teacher said that every student is a good student.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Oyutan bür-iig öör-iin-kh n’ bagsh [ t sain oyuutan gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: student every-ACC self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 teacher [ t good student COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Their teacher said that every student is a good student.’ (‘For every student x, x’s teacher said that x is a good student.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bi Bold(-iig) ene deeremchn-ig bari-san gej khel-sen .
Glosses: I Bold(-ACC) this thief-ACC catch-PST COMP say-PST
Translation: I said that Bold caught this thief.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa Nara(-g) sain khün gej med-n .
Glosses: Dulmaa Nara(-ACC) good person COMP know-N.PST
Translation: Dulmaa knows that Nara is a good person.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Navchaa Dulmaa(-g) sain khün gej bod-son .
Glosses: Navchaa Dulmaa(-ACC) good person COMP think-PST
Translation: Navchaa thinks that Dulmaa is a good person.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Navchaa Rex(-iig) sain nokhoi gej Dorj-id khel-sen .
Glosses: Navchaa Rex(-ACC) good dog COMP Dorj-DAT say-PST
Translation: Navchaa told Dorj that Rex is a good dog.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa oyuutan bür(-iig) daalgavar-aa khii-sen gej medee-güi .
Glosses: Dulmaa student every(-ACC) homework-REFL.POSS do-PST COMP know-NEG
Translation: Dulmaa does not know that every student did their homework.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Pro sharlovan id-sen-güi .
Glosses: pro carrot eat-PST-NEG
Translation: (S)he/They didn’t eat carrots.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Pro Dorj-id sharlovan baigaa ges-sen .
Glosses: pro Dorj-DAT carrot COP.PRES say-PST
Translation: (S)he/They said that Dorj has carrots.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat Dorj-id [ pro Dulmaa-g zur-sen gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dorj-DAT [ pro Dulmaa-ACC draw-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat told Dorj that he drew Dulmaa.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat [ pro muur-and durtai gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ pro cat-DAT like COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that (s)he/they like(s) cats.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat Dorj-id [ pro öör-iig-öö shüümjil-n gej ] amal-san .
Glosses: Bat Dorj-DAT [ pro self-ACC-REFL criticize-N.PST COMP ] promise-PST
Translation: Bat promised Dorj to criticize himself.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj chang-aar Bat-iin nüd(-iig) oree deer-ee gar-san gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj loud-INSTR Bat-GEN eye(-ACC) top on-REFL.POSS climb-PST COMP say-PST
Translation: Dorj said loudly that Bat was very surprised.’ (Lit.: ‘Dorj said loudly that Bat’s eyes climbed on top of themselves.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaa(-g) nom unsh-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa(-ACC) book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bold [ magadgüi Tuya(-g) dars uu-san baikh gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bold [ maybe Tuya(-ACC) wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bold [ Tuya(-g) magadgüi dars uu-san baikh gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bold [ Tuya(-ACC) maybe wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bold [ Tuya(-g) dars magadgüi uu-san baikh gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bold [ Tuya(-ACC) wine maybe drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bold said that Tuya maybe drank wine.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Margaash Bat [ t Dulmaa(-g) buuz id-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: tomorrow Bat [ t Dulmaa(-ACC) buuz eat-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said that Dulmaa will eat buuz tomorrow.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa chang-aar sharlovan-g Bat-id baigaa gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa loud-INSTR carrot-ACC Bat-DAT COP.PRES COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Sharlovan-g Bat-id baigaa gej ] Dulmaa chang-aar t Dorj-id khel-sen .
Glosses: [ carrot-ACC Bat-DAT COP.PRES COMP ] Dulmaa loud-INSTR t Dorj-DAT say-PST
Translation: Dulmaa said loudly (to Dorj) that Bat has a carrot.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Dulmaa-g nom unsh-n gej ] Bat t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ Dulmaa-ACC book read-N.PST COMP ] Bat t say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book (tomorrow).
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: [ Magadgüi Tuya(-g) dars uu-san baikh gej ] Bold t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ maybe Tuya(-ACC) wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] Bold t say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: [ Tuya(-g) magadgüi dars uu-san baikh gej ] Bold t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ Tuya(-ACC) maybe wine drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] Bold t say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Tuya(-g) dars magadgüi uu-san baikh gej ] Bold t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ Tuya(-ACC) wine maybe drink-PST BAIKH COMP ] Bold t say-PST
Translation: Bold said that Tuya maybe drank wine.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *[ t sain seheetin gej ] Bat Dorj-iig chang-aar t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ t good noble COMP ] Bat Dorj-ACC loud-INSTR t say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘That Dorj is good and noble, Bat said loudly.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa khen-iig ch kharaa-güi .
Glosses: Dulmaa who-ACC CH see.PST-NEG
Translation: Dulmaa did not see anyone.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Dulmaa khen-iig ch khar-san .
Glosses: Dulmaa who-ACC CH see-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Khen ch Dulmaa-g kharaa-güi .
Glosses: who.NOM CH Dulmaa-ACC see.PST-NEG
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Khen ch Dulmaa-g khar-san .
Glosses: who.NOM CH Dulmaa-ACC see-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara [ Dulmaa(-g) khen-iig ch kharaa-güi gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara [ Dulmaa(-ACC) who-ACC CH see.PST-NEG COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Nara said that Dulmaa did not see anyone.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Nara [ Dulmaa-g khen-iig ch khar-san gej ] khelee-güi .
Glosses: Nara [ Dulmaa-ACC who-ACC CH see-PST COMP ] say.PST-NEG
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara khen(-iig) ch iree-güi gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara who(-ACC) CH come.PST-NEG COMP say-PST
Translation: Nara said that nobody came.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Nara khen(-iig) ch ir-san gej khelee-güi .
Glosses: Nara who(-ACC) CH come-PST COMP say.PST-NEG
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Lusyn dagina bodit endalrach bai-deg-güi ch , Navchaa [ lusyn dagina(-iig) irch bai-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: mermaid real in.life COP-HAB-NEG CH Navchaa [ mermaid(-ACC) come.FUT AUX-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Although mermaids don’t exist, Navchaa said that a mermaid is coming.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Sharlovan(*-g) Bat-id baigaa .
Glosses: carrot(*-ACC) Bat-DAT COP.PRES
Translation: Bat has a carrot.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa chang-aar [ sharlovan-g Bat-id baigaa gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa loud-INSTR [ carrot-ACC Bat-DAT COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dulmaa said loudly that Bat has a carrot.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Dulmaa(*-g) sain seheetin gej ] khel-gd-sen .
Glosses: [ Dulmaa(*-ACC) good noble COMP ] say-PASS-PST
Translation: It was said that Dulmaa is good and noble.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Bat(*-iig) chikher id-sen gedge n’ ] nama-ig gaikhsh-ruul-san .
Glosses: [ Bat(*-ACC) candy eat-PST COMP POSS.3 ] 1SG-ACC surprise-CAUS-PST
Translation: That Bat ate candy surprised me.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Dorj(*-iig) tsagtaa ir-sen (gedge) n’ ] nama-ig gaikhsh-ruul-san .
Glosses: [ Dorj(*-ACC) late come-PST (COMP) POSS.3 ] 1SG-ACC surprise-CAUS-PST
Translation: That Dorj arrived late surprised me.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Odgerel [ Dulmaa-d shine baishin(*-g) baigaa gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Odgerel [ Dulmaa-DAT new house(*-ACC) COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Odgerel shine baishin(-g) Dulmaa-d t baigaa gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Odgerel new house(-ACC) Dulmaa-DAT t COP.PRES COMP say-PST
Translation: Odgerel said that Dulmaa has a new house.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Margaash egch-ee ir-ne .
Glosses: tomorrow sister.NOM-REFL.POSS come-N.PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘My sister is coming tomorrow.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Margaash egch (miin) ir-ne .
Glosses: tomorrow sister (POSS.1SG) come-N.PST
Translation: My sister is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: John bagsh-aas-aa asuu-san .
Glosses: John teacher-ABL-REFL.POSS ask-PST
Translation: John asked his teacher.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat [ Nara [ muur har-sn-iig-aa ] khel-sen gej ] med-n .
Glosses: Bat [ Nara [ cat see-PST-ACC-REFL.POSS ] say-PST COMP ] know-N.PST
Translation: Bat knows that Nara said that she saw a cat.’ (Lit.: ‘Bat knows [that Nara said [-aa seeing a cat]]’.)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Bat chang-aar [ egch-ee gaikhal-tai gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR [ sister.NOM-REFL.POSS wonder-with COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that his (own) sister is wonderful.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Bat [ margaash egch-ee ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow sister.NOM-REFL.POSS come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said that his (own) sister is coming tomorrow.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat [ margaash egch-iig-ee ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow sister-ACC-REFL.POSS come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Egch-iig-ee ir-ne gej ] Bat t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ sister-ACC-REFL.POSS come-N.PST COMP ] Bat t say-PST
Translation: Bat said that his (own) sister is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ pro öör-öö öör-t-öö durtai ]-d bi bayartai bai-n .
Glosses: [ pro self-REFL self-DAT-REFL like ]-DAT 1SG.NOM grateful COP-N.PST
Translation: I am grateful that (s)he loves herself/himself.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Bat öör-öö öör-t-öö durtai ]-d bi bayartai bai-n .
Glosses: [ Bat self-REFL self-DAT-REFL like ]-DAT 1SG.NOM grateful COP-N.PST
Translation: I am grateful that Bat loves himself.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Bat [ (margaash) [ öör-iin-kh-öö aav ] ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ (tomorrow) [ self-GEN-EPTH-REFL father.NOM ] come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that his (own) father will come (tomorrow).’)
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat [ (margaash) [ öör-iin-kh-öö aav-iig ] ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ (tomorrow) [ self-GEN-EPTH-REFL father-ACC ] come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ [ Öör-iin-kh-öö aav-iig ] ir-ne gej ] Bat t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ [ self-GEN-EPTH-REFL father-ACC ] come-N.PST COMP ] Bat t say-PST
Translation: Bat said (loudly) that his (own) father will come (tomorrow).
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Tuya [ margaash öör-öö Mongol ruu yav-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Tuya [ tomorrow self.NOM-REFL Mongolia towards go-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Tuya [ margaash öör-iig-öö Mongol ruu yav-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Tuya [ tomorrow self-ACC-REFL Mongolia towards go-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Tuya said that she is going to Mongolia tomorrow.’8
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Odgerel [ margaash ter ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Odgerel [ tomorrow 3SG.NOM come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Odgerel said that (s)he (Odgerel or someone else) is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Odgerel [ margaash tüün-iig ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Odgerel [ tomorrow 3SG-ACC come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Odgerel said that (s)he (only someone else, not Odgerel) is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj [ {margaash} Dulmaa(-g) {margaash} ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj [ {tomorrow} Dulmaa(-ACC) {tomorrow} come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dorj said loudly that Dulmaa will come tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj [ {*khurdan} Nara(-g) {khurdan} baishin {khurdan} bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj [ {*quickly} Nara(-ACC) {quickly} house {quickly} build-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dorj said that Nara built a house quickly.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: {Dulmaa-d} Odgerel [ PRO {Dulmaa-d} nom ögö-kh ] durtai .
Glosses: {Dulmaa-DAT} Odgerel [ PRO {Dulmaa-DAT} book give-INF ] like
Translation: Odgerel likes to give books to Dulmaa.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat [ Dorj(-iig) Dulmaa-d nom-oo ög-sön gej ] chang-aar khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ Dorj(-ACC) Dulmaa-DAT book-REFL.POSS give-PST COMP ] loud-INSTR say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that Dorj gave his book to Dulmaa.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Dulmaa-d Bat [ Dorj(-iig) t nom-oo ög-sön gej ] chang-aar khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa-DAT Bat [ Dorj(-ACC) t book-REFL.POSS give-PST COMP ] loud-INSTR say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara [ Dorj-iig vaar khagal-deg gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara [ Dorj-ACC vase break-HAB COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Nara said that Dorj broke a vase.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Vaar Nara [ Dorj-iig t khagal-deg gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: vase Nara [ Dorj-ACC t break-HAB COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat chang-aar [ Dorj sain seheetin gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR [ Dorj.NOM good noble COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat Dorj-iig chang-aar [ ec sain seheetin gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dorj-ACC loud-INSTR [ ec good noble COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that Dorj is good and noble.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat chang-aar [ nokhoi gaikhal-tai gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR [ dog.NOM wonder-with COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat {nokhoi-g} chang-aar {nokhoi-g} gaikhal-tai gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat {dog-ACC} loud-INSTR {dog-ACC} wonder-with COMP say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that dogs are wonderful.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat {egch-iig-ee} chang-aar {egch-iig-ee} gaikhal-tai gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat {sister-ACC-REFL.POSS} loud-INSTR {sister-ACC-REFL.POSS} wonder-with COMP say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that his sister is wonderful.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat Dulmaa(-g) nom unsh-n gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dulmaa(-ACC) book read-N.PST COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa-g Bat [ ec nom unsh-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa-ACC Bat [ ec book read-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will read a book.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Shine baishin-g Odgerel [ ec Dulmaa-d baigaa gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: new house-ACC Odgerel [ ec Dulmaa-DAT COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Odgerel said that Dulmaa has a new house.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Dorj chang-aar Bat-iin nüd(-iig) ore deer-ee gar-san gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj loud-INSTR Bat-GEN eye(-ACC) top on-REFL.POSS climb-PST COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: ?Dorj Bat-iin nüd-iig chang-aar [ ec oree deer-ee gar-sen gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj Bat-GEN eye-ACC loud-INSTR [ ec top on-REFL.POSS climb-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dorj said loudly that Bat was very surprised.’ (Lit.: ‘Dorj said loudly that Bat’s eyes climbed on top of themselves.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Navchaa chang-aar [ Odgerel deeremchn-iig bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Navchaa loud-INSTR [ Odgerel.NOM thief-ACC catch-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Navchaa said loudly that Odgerel caught a thief.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Navchaa deeremchn-iig chang-aar [ Odgerel ec bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Navchaa thief-ACC loud-INSTR [ Odgerel.NOM ec catch-PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj Nara-g chang-aar [ (*ter) sain gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj Nara-ACC loud-INSTR [ (*3SG) good COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dorj said loudly that Nara will come tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *[ t sain seheetin gej ], Bat Dorj-iig chang-aar t khel-sen .
Glosses: [ t good noble COMP ] Bat Dorj-ACC loud-INSTR t say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘That Dorj is good and noble, Bat said loudly.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Bi Bold [ pro ene muur-iig zur gej ] yatga-san .
Glosses: 1SG Bold.NOM [ pro this cat-ACC draw COMP ] persuade-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bi Bold-iig [ pro ene muur-iig zur gej ] yatga-san .
Glosses: 1SG Bold-ACC [ pro this cat-ACC draw COMP ] persuade-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: ?Bi Bold-iig [ ter / tüün-iig ene muur-iig zur gej ] yatga-san .
Glosses: 1SG Bold-ACC [ 3SG.NOM / 3SG-ACC this cat-ACC draw COMP ] persuade-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Pro ene muur-iig zur gej ] bi Bold-iig t yatga-san .
Glosses: [ pro this cat-ACC draw COMP ] 1SG Bold-ACC t persuade-PST
Translation: I persuaded Bold to draw this cat.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Nara [ muur bömbög-öör toglo-dog baa nokhoi yas-aar toglo-dog gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara [ cat.NOM ball-INSTR play-HAB CONJ dog.NOM bone-INSTR play-HAB COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Nara muur-iig bömbög-öör toglo-dog baa nokhoi-g yas-aar toglo-dog gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara cat-ACC ball-INSTR play-HAB CONJ dog-ACC bone-INSTR play-HAB COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Nokhoi-g Nara muur-iig bömbög-öör toglo-dog baa ec yas-aar toglo-dog gej khel-sen .
Glosses: dog-ACC Nara cat-ACC ball-INSTR play-HAB CONJ ec bone-INSTR play-HAB COMP say-PST
Translation: Nara said that the cat plays with a ball and the dog plays with a bone.’15
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat chang-aar Odgerel(-iig) üdeshiilich-d ilbechin ur-val , Och bayla-n gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR Odgerel(-ACC) party-DAT magician invite-COND Och happy-N.PST COMP say-PST
Translation: Bat said loudly that, if Odgerel invites a magician to the party, Och will be happy.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Bat Odgerel-iig chang-aar [ ec üdeshiilich-d ilbechin ur-val , Och bayla-n gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Odgerel-ACC loud-INSTR [ ec party-DAT magician invite-COND Och happy-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Odgerel-iig Bat chang-aar [ ec üdeshiilich-d ilbechin ur-val , Och bayl-an gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Odgerel-ACC Bat loud-INSTR [ ec party-DAT magician invite-COND Och happy-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat ene nom-iig unsh-san .
Glosses: Bat this book-ACC read-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Ene nom-iig Bat t unsh-san .
Glosses: this book-ACC Bat t read-PST
Translation: Bat read this book.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bat [ margaash Dulmaa-d nom bai-na gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ tomorrow Dulmaa-DAT book COP-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat [ nom margaash Dulmaa-d t bai-na gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat [ book tomorrow Dulmaa-DAT t COP-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Bat said that Dulmaa will have a book tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bold Tuya*(-g) haramsaltai-gaar [ t teneg gej ] bod-son .
Glosses: Bold Tuya*(-ACC) sadly-INST [ t stupid COMP ] think-PST
Translation: Bold thought with sadness that Tuya is stupid.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Bat Dorj chang-aar [ t sain seheetin gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dorj.NOM loud-INSTR [ t good noble COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that Dorj is good and noble.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Dorj Bat [ t Dulmaa-d nom-oo ög-sön gej ] chang-aar khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj.NOM Bat [ t Dulmaa-DAT book-REFL.POSS give-PST COMP ] loud-INSTR say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that Dorj gave his book to Dulmaa.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Navchaa deeremchn-iig chang-aar [ Odgerel t bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Navchaa thief-ACC loud-INSTR [ Odgerel.NOM t catch-PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Deeremchn-iig Navchaa chang-aar [ Odgerel t bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: thief-ACC Navchaa loud-INSTR [ Odgerel.NOM t catch-PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara [ Dorj vaar khagal-deg gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara [ Dorj.NOM vase break-HAB COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Nara said that Dorj broke a vase.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Nara vaar [ Dorj t khagal-deg gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara vase [ Dorj.NOM t break-HAB COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Vaar Nara [ Dorj t khagal-deg gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: vase Nara [ Dorj.NOM t break-HAB COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa chang-aar [ Bat hal uzej khaluun chu luu-g doloo-son gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa loud-INSTR [ Bat.NOM fire UZEJ hot stone-ACC lick-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Dulmaa said loudly that Bat has a difficult life.’ (Lit.: Dulmaa said loudly that Dulmaa licked a fire-hot stone.)
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Dulmaa hal uzej khaluun chuluu-g chang-aar [ Bat t doloo-son gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa fire UZEJ hot stone-ACC loud-INSTR [ Bat.NOM t lick-PST COMP ] say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *Bat Dulmaa-d [ Dorj(-iig) t nom-oo ög-sön gej ] chang-aar khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dulmaa-DAT [ Dorj(-ACC) t book-REFL.POSS give-PST COMP ] loud-INSTR say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Bat Dulmaa-g chang-aar [ Dorj t nom ög-sön gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dulmaa-ACC loud-INSTR [ Dorj.NOM t book give-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that Dorj gave a book to Dulmaa.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Öör-iin-kh n’ bagsh oyuutan bür-iig zur-san .
Glosses: self-GEN-EPTH-REFL POSS.3 teacher student every-ACC draw-PST
Translation: Her/His teacher drew every student.’ (NOT: ‘For every x, x’s teacher drew x.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Oyuutan bür-iig öör-iin-kh n’ bagsh t zur-san .
Glosses: student every-ACC self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 teacher t draw-PST
Translation: For every x, x’s teacher drew x.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Aav n’ Dulmaa-d nom ög-sön .
Glosses: father POSS.3 Dulmaa-DAT book give-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa-d aav n’ t nom ög-sön .
Glosses: Dulmaa-DAT father POSS.3 t book give-PST
Translation: Her/His father gave Dulmaa a book.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: Bi tüün-d Dulmaa-g-iin nom-iig ög-sön .
Glosses: 1SG.NOM 3SG-DAT Dulmaa-EPTH-GEN book-ACC give-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bi ted-end Dulmaa Navchaa khoyor-iin nom-iig ög-sön .
Glosses: 1SG.NOM 3PL-DAT Dulmaa Navchaa two-GEN book-ACC give-PST
Translation: I gave them Dulmaa’s and Navchaa’s book.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bi ted-end öör-sd-iin-kh-öö nom-iig ög-sön .
Glosses: 1SG.NOM 3PL-DAT self-PL-GEN-EPTH-REFL book-ACC give-PST
Translation: I (and other people) gave them our own book.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara *(Bat khoyor) tedn-iig bukh buuz-iig id-sen gej negneg-n-ii-kh-ee eej-id khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara *(Bat two) 3PL-ACC every buuz-ACC eat-PST COMP one.another-EPTH-GEN-EPTH-REFL mother-DAT say-PST
Translation: Nara and Bat told each other’s mothers that they ate all the buuz.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara bukh oyuutan(-iig) ir-ne gej öör-iin-kh-öö bagsh-id khel-sen .
Glosses: Nara every student(-ACC) come-N.PST COMP self-GEN-EP-REFL teacher-DAT say-PST
Translation: Nara told her teacher that every student is coming.’ (NOT: ‘Nara told their teacher that every student is coming tomorrow.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Dulmaa-g aav-aa [ t sain khun gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dulmaa-ACC father-REFL.POSS [ t good person COMP ] say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Her (own) father said that Dulmaa is a good person.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: {*Deeremchn-iig} Navchaa {*deeremchn-iig} chang-aar [ Odgerel {deeremchn-iig} bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: {*thief-ACC} Navchaa {*thief-ACC} loud-INSTR [ Odgerel.NOM {thief-ACC} catch-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Navchaa said loudly that Odgerel caught a (certain) thief.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dulmaa-d shine baishin baigaa .
Glosses: Dulmaa-DAT new house COP.PRES
Translation: Dulmaa has a new house.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Tüün-d Dorj-iin nom baigaa .
Glosses: 3SG-DAT Dorj-GEN book COP.PRES
Translation: He/She has Dorj’s book.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Odgerel [ Dulmaa-d shine baishin baigaa gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Odgerel [ Dulmaa-DAT new house COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Odgerel said that Dulmaa has a new house.
Language: Halh Mongolian ( translation)
Transcription: *{Dulmaa-g} Odgerel {Dulmaa-g} shine baishin baigaa gej khel-sen .
Glosses: {Dulmaa-ACC} Odgerel {Dulmaa-ACC} new house COP.PRES COMP say-PST
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Öör-iin-kh n’ eej okhin bür(-iig) ukhaan-tai gej khel-sen .
Glosses: self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 mother girl every(-ACC) intelligence-with COMP say-PST
Translation: Her/His (e.g. Dorj’s) mother said that every girl is intelligent.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Okhin bür-iig öör-iin-kh n’ eej [ t ukhaan-tai gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: girl every-ACC self-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 mother [ t intelligence-with COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Her mother said that every girl is intelligent.’ (‘For every girl x, x’s mother said that x is intelligent.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Öör-sd-iin-kh n’ eej Bat Dulmaa khoyor(-iig) sain khümüüs gej khel-sen .
Glosses: self-PL-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 mother Bat Dulmaa two(-ACC) good people COMP say-PST
Translation: Their mothers said that Bat and Dulmaa are good people.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat Dulmaa khoyor-iig öör-sd-iin-kh n’ eej [ t sain khümüüs gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat Dulmaa two-ACC self-PL-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 mother [ t good People COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Their mothers said that Bat and Dulmaa are good people.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Tüünii eej [ margaash Dorj(-iig) ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: 3SG.GEN mother [ tomorrow Dorj(-ACC) come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: His mother said that Dorj is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj-iig tüünii eej [ margaash t ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj-ACC 3SG.GEN mother [ tomorrow t come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: His mother said that Dorj is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Tüünii eej Dorj(-iig) geriin daalgavar-aa khii-sen gej khel-sen .
Glosses: 3SG.GEN mother Dorj(-ACC) homework-REFL.POSS do-PST COMP say-PST
Translation: His mother said that Dorj did his homework.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj-iig tüünii eej [ t geriin daalgavar-aa khii-sen gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj-ACC 3SG.GEN mother [ t homework-REFL.POSS do-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: His mother said that Dorj did his homework.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Eej n’ [ margaash Dorj(-iig) ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: mother POSS.3 [ tomorrow Dorj(-ACC) come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: His mother said that Dorj is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj-iig eej n’ [ margaash t ir-ne gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Dorj-ACC mother POSS.3 [ tomorrow t come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: His mother said that Dorj is coming tomorrow.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bi Bat(-iig) sain khün gej tüün-d khel-sen .
Glosses: 1SG.NOM Bat(-ACC) good person COMP 3SG-DAT say-PST
Translation: I told her/him that Bat is a good person.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat-iin eej-iig bi [ t sain khün gej ] tüün-d khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat-GEN mother-ACC 1SG.NOM [ t good person COMP 3SG ] DAT say-PST
Translation: I told her/him that Bat’s mother is a good person.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: Miin ʔilli l-ʔasad ʔakal -ha mbaariḥ ?
Glosses: who that the-lion ate -her yesterday
Translation: Who did the lion eat yesterday?
Language: Levantine Arabic ( translation)
Transcription: *miin ʔilli l-ʔasad ʔakal  mbaariḥ ?
Glosses: who that the-lion ate e yesterday
Language: Levantine Arabic ( translation)
Transcription: *Miin ʔilli hi ʔaklat l-ʔasad mbaariḥ ?
Glosses: who that she ate the-lion yesterday
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: Miin ʔilli  ʔaklat l-ʔasad mbaariḥ ?
Glosses: who that e ate the-lion yesterday
Translation: Who ate the lion yesterday?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Bat yu id-sen *(be)?
Glosses: Bat what eat-PST *(Q)
Translation: What did Bat eat?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Navchaa [ Odgerel khen-iig khar-san {*be} gej ] khel-sen {be}?
Glosses: Navchaa [ Odgerel.NOM who-ACC see-PST {*Q} COMP ] say-PST {Q}
Translation: Who did Navchaa say that Odgerel saw?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Odgerel üdeshiilich-d ilbechin ur-val , Och bayrla-na .
Glosses: Odgerel party-DAT magician invite-COND Och happy-N.PST
Translation: If Odgerel invites a magician to the party, Och will be happy.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Odgerel khen-iig ur-val {be}, Och bayrla-na {be}?
Glosses: Odgerel who-ACC invite-COND {Q} Och happy-N.PST {Q}
Translation: (Lit.: ‘Who will, if Odgerel invites ec to the party, Och be happy?’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Och(-iig) buuz id-sen eseh-iig Bold assu-san .
Glosses: Och(-ACC) buuz eat-PST whether-ACC Bold ask-PST
Translation: Bold asked whether Och ate buuz.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Och(-iig) yu id-sen eseh-iig Bold assu-san be ?
Glosses: Och(-ACC) what eat-PST whether-ACC Bold ask-PST Q
Translation: (Lit.: ‘What did Bold ask whether Och ate?’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Bat öör-iin-kh-öö yamar zurg-iig shataa-san gej ] Nara Dulmaa khoyor khel-sen be ?
Glosses: [ Bat self-GEN-EPTH-REFL which picture-ACC burn-PST COMP ] Nara Dulmaa two say-PST Q
Translation: Which picture of himself did Nara and Dulmaa say that Bat burned?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Bat öör-sd-iin-kh-öö yamar zurg-iig shataa-san gej ] Nara Dulmaa khoyor khel-sen be ?
Glosses: [ Bat self-PL-GEN-EPENTH-REFL which picture-ACC burn-PST COMP ] Nara Dulmaa two say-PST Q
Translation: Which picture of themselves did Nara and Dulmaa say that Bat burned?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Tüünii eej [ Tuya khen-iig khar-san gej ] khel-sen be ?
Glosses: 3SG.GEN mother [ Tuya.NOM who-ACC see-PST COMP ] say-PST Q
Translation: Who does her/his mother said Tuya saw?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Dorj [ Och khen-d ene nom-iig ög-sön gej ] khel-sen be ?
Glosses: Dorj [ Och.NOM who-DAT this book-ACC give-PST COMP ] say-PST Q
Translation: To whom did Dorj say that Och gave a book?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Öör-sd-iin-kh n’ eej [ Odgerel(-iig) khen-d ene nom-iig ög-sön gej ] khel-sen ?
Glosses: self-PL-GEN-EPTH POSS.3 mother [ Odgerel(-ACC) who-DAT this book-ACC give-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Who did her/his mother say that Odgerel gave a book to?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Nara [ khen-d shine baishin baigaa gej ] khel-sen be ?
Glosses: Nara [ who-DAT new house COP.PRES COMP ] say-PST Q
Translation: Who did Nara say has a new house?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Tüünii eej khen(-iig) geriin daalgavar-aa khii-sen gej khel-sen be ?
Glosses: 3SG.GEN mother who(-ACC) homework-REFL.POSS do-PST COMP say-PST Q
Translation: Who did her/his mother say did her/his homework?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Eej n’ [ margaash khen-iig ir-ne gej ] khel-sen be ?
Glosses: mother POSS.3 [ tomorrow who-ACC come-N.PST COMP ] say-PST Q
Translation: Who did her/his mother say is coming tomorrow?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Ter [ Bold khen-iin zurg-iig shataa-san gej ] khel-sen be ?
Glosses: 3SG.NOM [ Bold.NOM who-GEN picture-ACC burn-PST COMP ] say-PST Q
Translation: Whose picture did (s)he say that Bold burned?
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Yî̤in Ø-cí̤ môc tî̤iŋ .
Glosses: you 2-PRF.OV man.GEN see.NF
Translation: You, the man has seen.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Mìir à-càa tî̤iŋ .
Glosses: giraffe 3SG-PRF.1SG see.NF
Translation: A giraffe, I have seen.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Miɛ̀ɛr á-càa ké tî̤iŋ .
Glosses: giraffes 3PL-PRF.1SG 3PL see.NF
Translation: Giraffes, I have seen.
Language: Dinka (English translation)
Transcription: Mòc é̤bɛ̤́n à-yíi tiéeŋ-dè luêeel [ è̤ __thɛt ].
Glosses: man every 3S-HAB.OV woman-SG.3SG say.NF [ C__cook.SV ]
Translation: Every man, his wife says is cooking.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: *Bat chang-aar Odgerel üdeshiilich-d ilbechin ur-val , Och-iig bayla-n gej khel-sen .
Glosses: Bat loud-INSTR Odgerel.NOM party-DAT magician invite-COND Och-ACC happy-N.PST COMP say-PST
Translation: (Int.: ‘Bat said loudly that, if Odgerel invites a magician to the party, Och will be happy.’)
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: Navchaa chang-aar [ deeremchn-iig Odgerel t bari-san gej ] khel-sen .
Glosses: Navchaa loud-INSTR [ thief-ACC Odgerel.NOM t catch-PST COMP ] say-PST
Translation: Navchaa said loudly that Odgerel caught a thief.
Language: Halh Mongolian (English translation)
Transcription: [ Deeremchn-iig Odgerel t bari-san gej ] Navchaa chang-aar khel-sen .
Glosses: [ thief-ACC Odgerel.NOM t catch-PST COMP ] Navchaa loud-INSTR say-PST
Translation: That Odgerel caught a thief, Navchaa said loudly.