lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-ga kasiko-i-to] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Nom intelligent-Present-C considered
Translation: John considered that Mary was intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o tabun kasikoku] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc probably intelligent considered
Translation: John considered Mary probably intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o tabun kasiko-i-to] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc probably intelligent-Present-C considered
Translation: John considered that Mary probably was intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Kasikoku] John-wa Mary-o t omotta.
Glosses: intelligent John-Top Mary-Acc considered
Translation: John considered Mary intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Kasiko-i-to] John-wa Mary-o t omotta.
Glosses: intelligent-Present-C John-Top Mary-Acc considered
Translation: John considered that Mary was intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Donokurai kasikoku John-wa Mary-o omotta-no?
Glosses: how intelligent John-Top Mary-Acc considered-Q
Translation: How intelligent did John consider Mary?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (?)John-wa [Mary-o kirei-ni] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc pretty considered
Translation: John considered Mary pretty.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ni-wa Mary-ga kirei-da.
Glosses: John-to-Top Mary-Nom pretty-be
Translation: To John, Mary is pretty.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ni-wa sono hon-ga taikutu-da.
Glosses: John-to-Top that book-Nom boring-be
Translation: To John, that book is boring.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o kirei-to] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc pretty-C considered
Translation: John considered Mary pretty.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [zyookyoo-o mizime-ni] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top situation-Acc miserable considered
Translation: John considered the situation miserable.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (*)John-wa [Mary-o sensei-ni] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc teacher considered
Translation: John considered Mary a teacher.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o sensei-to] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc teacher-C considered
Translation: John considered Mary a teacher.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o orokamono-ni] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc fool considered
Translation: John considered Mary a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa Mary-o netui-no aru sensei-ni omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc enthusiasm-Gen be teacher considered
Translation: John considered Mary a teacher with enthusiasm.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Omae-o otoko (da) to] mikonde tanomi-ga aru.
Glosses: you-Acc man be C regard as favor-Nom exist
Translation: Regarding you as a man, I have a favor to ask you.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o san-nen mae-ni kirei-dat-ta-to] ima omotteiru.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc three-year ago pretty-be-Past-C now consider
Translation: Now John considers Mary to have been pretty three years ago.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (?~??)John-wa [Mary-ga kirei-to] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Nom pretty-C considered
Translation: John considered Mary pretty.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-ga kirei-da-to] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Nom pretty-be-C considered
Translation: John considered that Mary is pretty.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa [Mary-o orokamono] omotta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Acc fool considered
Translation: John considered Mary a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa gakusei-d-at-ta.
Glosses: John-Top student-Case-be-Past
Translation: John was a student.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa hogaraka-d-at-ta.
Glosses: John-Top cheerful-Case-be-Past
Translation: John was cheerful.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa kasikok-at-ta.
Glosses: John-Top intelligent-be-Past
Translation: John was intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa kasiko-i.
Glosses: John-Top intelligent-Non.past
Translation: John is intelligent.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa onigiri-o tabe-ta.
Glosses: John-Top riceball-Acc eat-Past
Translation: John ate rice balls.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 17 Watakusi wa John ga piano o hiku no-o kiita.
Glosses: I TP John SB piano ACC play:NPT NMZR-ACC hear:PT
Translation: I heard John playing the piano.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 19 Noda-wa Takako-ga gake-kara ochiru tokoro-o mita
Glosses: Noda-TP Takako-SB cli-from fall:NPT NMZR-ACC see:PT
Translation: Noda saw the moment when Takako fell o the cli .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 20 Taroo-wa Hanako-ga kuruma-ni hane-rareru tokoro-o mokugekisi-ta
Glosses: Taroo-TP Hanako-SB car-by hit-PASS NMZR-ACC witness-PT
Translation: Taro witnessed the moment Hanako was hit by a car.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Max-ga boku-ni hon-o kure-ta.
Glosses: Max-Nom I-Dat book-Acc give-Past
Translation: Max gave me a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [Hanako-ga zibuni-ni kure-ta] hon-o yon-da.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Nom zibun-Dat give-Past book-Acc read-Past
Translation: Taro read the book Hanako gave to him.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [boku-ga zibuni-o but-ta] koto-o mada urande-i-ru.
Glosses: Taro-Top I-Nom self-Acc hit-Past fact-Acc still resent-Asp-Pres
Translation: Taroi still resents that I hit himi .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [boku-ga zibuni-ni kasi-ta] okane-o nakusite-simat-ta rasi-i.
Glosses: Taro-Top I-Nom self-Dat lend-Past money-Acc lose-end.up-Past seem-Pres
Translation: It seems that Taroi lost the money I lent himi .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Maxi-wa "orei-ga {omae/aitu}-ni hon-o yat/*kure-ta" to itte-i-ru.
Glosses: Max-Top I-Nom you/that.person-Dat book-Acc give-Past Quot say-Asp-Pres
Translation: Maxi says,"I gave you/that guy [(= the primary speaker)] a book".
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa Hanakoj-ni teeburu-no migigawa {i/?j /spk/adr}-no otoko-o syookai-si-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Dat table-Gen right-Gen man-Acc introduce-Past
Translation: Taro introduced to Hanako the man to the right of the table (from his/?her/my/your perspective).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa Hanakoj-ni teeburu-no migigawa {i/?j /(?)spk/(?)adr}-no otoko-o syookai-site-yat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Dat table-Gen right-Gen man-Acc introduce-give(Ben)-Past
Translation: Taro introduced to Hanako the man to the right of the table (from his/?*her/(?)my/(?)your perspective) for her sake.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa Hanakoj-ni teeburu-no migigawa {?i/j /?spk/?adr}-no otoko-o syookai-site-kure-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Dat table-Gen right-Gen man-Acc introduce-give(Ben)-Past
Translation: Taro introduced to Hanako the man to the right of the table (from ?*his/her/?my/?your perspective) for her sake.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa (karei-no) migigawa {i/spk/adr}-ni hon-o oi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top he-Gen right-Dat book-Acc put-Past
Translation: Taro put the book on his right (from his/my/your perspective).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa zibuni-no migigawa {i/?spk/?adr}-ni hon-o oi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top self-Gen right-Dat book-Acc put-Past
Translation: Taro put the book on his right (from his/?*my/?*your perspective).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa, Hanako-ga zibuni-o tazunete-{?it spk /ki i }-ta noni, irusu-o tukat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Nom self-Acc visit-{go/come}-Past though pretended.absence-Acc use-Past
Translation: Though Hanako went/came to visit him, Taro pretended not to be at home.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: cf. Taroi-wa Hanako-ga zibuni-o tetudatte-{*yat/kure}-ta noni, orei-o iw-anakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Nom self-Acc help-give(Ben)-Past though thanks-Acc say-Neg-Past
Translation: Though Hanako gave him a hand, Taro did not thank her.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa Hanako-ga zibuni-ni kono {i/spk} hon-o watasi-ta omise-ni it-ta.
Glosses: Taroi-Top Hanako-Nom selfi-Dat this book-Acc hand-Past shop-Dat go-Past
Translation: Taro went to the shop where Hanako handed him this book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Sono otoko-wa Mary-ni [zibun-wa omae-ni mukasi inoti-o tasuke-rare-ta mono da] to it-ta.
Glosses: that man-Top Mary-Dat self-Top you-Dat long.time.ago life-Acc save-Pass-Past person be.Pres Quot say-Past
Translation: The man said to Mary that he had had his life saved by her a long time before.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [zibuni-ga kono i/spk kikai-o syuuri-deki-ru] to it-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top self-Nom this machine-Acc fix-be.able.to-Pres Quot say-Past
Translation: Taro said he could fix this/that machine.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Sono otoko-wa Mary-ni [{zibun/kare}-wa kanozyo-ni mukasi inoti-o tasuke-rare-ta mono da] to it-ta.
Glosses: that man-Top Mary-Dat self/he-Top she-Dat long.time.ago life-Acc save-Pass-Past person be.Pres Quot say-Past
Translation: The man said to Mary that he had had his life saved by her a long time before.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Sono otoko-wa Mary-ni "watasi-wa omae-ni mukasi inoti-o tasuke-rare-ta mono da" to it-ta.
Glosses: that man-Top Mary-Dat I-Top you-Dat long.time.ago life-Acc save-Pass-Past person be.Pres Quot say-Past
Translation: The man said to Mary,"I had saved my life by you a long time ago".
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-ga Hanako-ni hon-o yat-ta.
Glosses: T.-Nom H.-Dat book-Acc give-Past
Translation: Taro gave Hanako a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-ga Hanako-ni hon-o kure-ta.
Glosses: T.-Nom H.-Dat book-Acc give-Past
Translation: Taro gave Hanako a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-ga Taro-ni hon-o yat-ta.
Glosses: I-Nom T.-Dat book-Acc give-Past.
Translation: I gave the book to Taro.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: okane-o {yat/kure}-ta-ni-tigai-nai.
Glosses: money-Acc give-Past-probably.
Translation: Taro is prosperous these days. Someone must have given him money.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: dareaka-ni okane-o {yat/*kure}-ta-ni-tigai-nai.
Glosses: someone-Dat money-Acc give-Past-probably.
Translation: Taro is short of money these days. He must have given his money to somebody.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [Hanako-ga zibuni-ni kure-ta] hon-o yon-da.
Glosses: T.-Top H.-Nom zibun-Dat give-Past book-Acc read-Past
Translation: Taroi read the book Hanako gave to himi .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [boku-ga zibuni-o but-ta] koto-o mada urande-i-ru.
Glosses: T.-Top I-Nom self-Acc hit-Past fact-Acc still resent-Asp-Pres
Translation: Taroi sti ll resents that I hit himi .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa [boku-ga zibuni-ni kasi-ta] okane-o nakusite-simat-ta rasii.
Glosses: T.-Top I-Nom self-Dat lend-Past money-Acc lose-end.up-Past it.seems
Translation: It seems that Taroi lost the money I lent to himi .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa Hanako-no tokoro-ni hon-o todoke-ni-{it/ki}-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top H.-Gen place-Dat book-Acc deliver-go/come-Past
Translation: Taro went/came to deliver the book to Hanako.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa Hanako-no tokoro-ni hon-o todoke-ni-{itte/??kite}-yat-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top H.-Gen place-Dat book-Acc deliver-go/come-Ben-Past
Translation: Taro went/came to deliver the book to Hanakoi for heri sake.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa Hanako-no tokoro-ni hon-o todoke-ni-{??itte/kite}-kure-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top H.-Gen place-Dat book-Acc deliver-go/come-Ben-Past
Translation: Taro went/came to deliver the book to Hanakoi for heri sake.'7
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa, Hanako-ga karei-o tazunete-{it/ki}-ta noni, irusu-o tukat-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top H.-Nom he-Acc visit-{go/come}-Past though pretended.absence-Acc use-Past
Translation: Although Hanako went/came to visit him, Taro pretended not to be home.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa, Hanako-ga zibuni-o tazunete-{??it/ki}-ta noni, irusu-o tukat-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top H.-Nom self-Acc visit-{go/come}-Past though pretended.absence-Acc use-Past
Translation: Although Hanako went/came to visit him, Taro pretended not to be at home.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa {Taroi /karei }-no migigawa-ni hon-o oi-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top {T./he}-Gen right-Dat book-Acc put-Past
Translation: Taroi put the book on hisi right.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroi-wa zibuni-no migigawa-ni hon-o oi-ta.
Glosses: T.-Top self-Gen right-Dat book-Acc put-Past
Translation: Taroi put the book on hisi right.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Johni-wa [zibuni-ga boku-o tasuke-ta] to omotte-i-ru.
Glosses: J.-Top self-Nom I-Acc help-Past Quot believe-Asp-Pres
Translation: Johni believes that hei helped me.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Johni-wa [karei-ga boku-o tasuke-ta] to omotte-i-ru.
Glosses: J.-Top he-Nom I-Acc help-Past Quot believe-Asp-Pres
Translation: Johni believes that hei helped me.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (cf.) Taroi-wa, mosi Hanako-ga zibuni-o syootai-site-kure-tara, ooyorokobi-suru-daroo.
Glosses: T.-Top if H.-Nom selfi-Acc invite-Ben-Cond be.delighted-will
Translation: Taroi will be very pleased if Hanako invites himi .
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa ringo-o san-ko katta
Glosses: John-topic apple-ob j three-classifier buy-past
Translation: John bought 3 apples
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa suna-o mittsu katta
Glosses: John-topic sand-ob j three buy-past
Translation: *John bought 3 sands
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (?)John-wa [kanojo-no ainugo-no sorei tyuu/izen(-ni)], ronbun-o happyoo-sita. <NC>
Glosses: John-TOP her-GEN Ainu-GEN it mid/before(-at)] paper-ACC presentation-did
Translation: During/Before her research (lit. it) of Ainu, John presented his paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (?)John-wa [kanojo-no ainugo-no sorei no-ori/-sai(-ni)], ronbun-o happyoo-sita. <NC>
Glosses: John-TOP her-GEN Ainu-GEN it on.the.occasion.of (-at)] paper-ACC presentation-did
Translation: On the occasion of her research (lit. it) of Ainu, John presented his paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-no sono ronbun-no kibisii hihan no sai,
Glosses: Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
Translation: Mary wrote a review on the occasion of John's severe criticism of the paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga sono ronbun-no kibisii hihan-go(-ni),
Glosses: Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
Translation: Mary wrote a review after John's severe criticism of the paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga sono ronbun-no kibishii hihan-no-sai,
Glosses: Mary-NOM review-ACC wrote
Translation: Mary wrote a review on the occasion of John's severe criticism of the paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Mary-ga ronbun-o kaita.
Glosses: Mary-NOM paper-ACC wrote
Translation: Mary wrote a paper during John's research and survey of Ainu
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-no ainugo-no kenkyuu to tyoosa no sai [NC]
Glosses: John-GEN Ainu-GEN research and survey GEN occasion
Translation: on the occasion of John's research and survey of Ainu
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (39)a. *John-wa ainugo-o kenkyuu-tyuu, Mary-wa suwahirigo-o tyoosa-tyuu,
Glosses: paper-ACC wrote.
Translation: John wrote a paper during his study of Ainu and Mary did so during her survey of Swahili.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa ainugo-o kenkyuu no sai,
Glosses: Mary-TOP Swahili-ACC survey GEN occasion, paper-ACC wrote
Translation: John wrote a paper on the occasion of his study of Ainu and Mary did so on the occasion of her survey of Swahili.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Mary-wa suwahirigo-no tyoosa-tyuu, ronbun-o kaita.
Glosses: Mary-TOP Swahili-GEN survey-mid, paper-ACC wrote.
Translation: John wrote a paper during his study of Ainu and Mary did so during her survey of Swahili.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Mary-wa suwahirigo-no tyoosa no sai, ronbun-o kaita.
Glosses: Mary-TOP Swahili-GEN survey GEN occasion, paper-ACC wrote
Translation: John wrote a paper on the occasion of studying Ainu and Mary did so on the occasion of surveying Swahili.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Nubatamano yo-o naga-mi ka-mo] waga seko-ga yume-ni-yume-ni-si mie-kaheru-ramu
Glosses: [(epithet) night-o long-because Q] my husband nom dream-dream-in see-return[attri.]
Translation: Is it because the night is long that my husband keeps coming back in my dream?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Akiyama-no momizi-o sige-mi] matohinuru imo-o motomemu yamadi sirazumo
Glosses: [autumn mountain-gen maple leaf-o thick-because] lost wife-acc search path do-not-know
Translation: Because maple leaves grow thick in the mountain, I cannot see the path to search for my wife who is lost.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Waga seko-ni mataha awa-zi-kato omohe-ba-ka] kesano wakare-no subenakarituru
Glosses: my wife-dat again see-not-C think-cond-Q this morning parting-gen sad[attri.]
Translation: Is it because I know I may not see my wife again that the parting this morning is particularly sad?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Yama-tooki miyako-nisi-are-ba] saozika-no tuma yobu koe wa tomosikumo aru-ka
Glosses: mountain-far town-loc-be-cond.deer-gen wife call voice top scarece-be-Q
Translation: Is it because I'm in town far away from the mountain that the deer 's calling his mate can scarcely be heard?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (11)a. Hirosi ­ga nikki-o yonda sei ­de, Yuko-wa kizutuita.
Glosses: nom diary acc read because-of top was-hurt
Translation: Yuko was hurt because Hiroshi read her diary.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dareka-ga sono hon-o yon-da ga, watashi-wa dare ka wakaranai.
Glosses: someoneNOM that bookACC readPAST but I-TOP who CQ° know.not
Translation: Someone read that book, but I don't know who.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [CP [IP pro dare da/de-aru ] ka ]
Glosses: who bePRES CQ°
Translation: ...who it is.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dareka-ga sono hon-o yon-da ga, watashi-wa dare (data) ka wakaranai.
Glosses: someoneNOM that bookACC readPAST but I-TOP who was CQ° know.not
Translation: Someone read that book, but I don't know who (it was).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga dareka-o kubinisita rasii kedo, boku-wa Bill ... ... ka dooka siranai.
Glosses: JohnNOM someoneACC fired seem but I-TOP Bill whether know.not
Translation: It seems that John fired someone, but I don't know whether it was Bill.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga dareka-o kubinisita rasii kedo, boku-wa Bill to omou.
Glosses: JohnNOM someoneACC fired seem but I-TOP Bill thatC° think
Translation: It seems that John fired someone, and I think that it was Bill.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga Taroo-ni nanika-o ageta hito-ni atta soda ga, ... ... watashi-wa nani-o ka siranai.
Glosses: HanakoNOM TarooDAT somethingACC gave personDAT met I.heard but I-TOP whatACC CQ° know-not
Translation: I heard that Hanako met a person who gave Taroo something, but I don't know what.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: utukushi-i onna
Glosses: beautiful-Pres woman
Translation: a beautiful woman
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: onna wa utukushi-i
Glosses: woman TOP beautiful-Pres
Translation: the woman is beautiful
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: kirei-na Hanako
Glosses: beautiful-PRT Hanako
Translation: beautiful Hanako
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako wa kirei-da
Glosses: Hanako TOP beautiful-COP
Translation: Hanako is beautiful
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: e.g. John1-ga [[PRO 1 sono ronbun-o yomi] wasureta].
Glosses: John-Nom the paper-Acc read forgot
Translation: John forgot to read the paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: kokoromita.
Glosses: tried
Translation: John tried that he would read the paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa Mary-ni ki te hosikatta koto wa hosikatta.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Dat come to wanted thing-Foc wanted
Translation: John did want Mary to come.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: yooni] tanonda.
Glosses: to asked
Translation: John asked Mary to praise himself/herself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to] omotta.
Glosses: Comp thought
Translation: Bill thought that John failed to praise himself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to] omotta.
Glosses: Comp thought
Translation: Bill thought that John tried to praise himself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: homeru] yooni] itta koto-o] sitteiru.
Glosses: praise to told that-Acc knew
Translation: Bill knew that John told Mary to evaluate himself/herself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: homeru] yooni] itta.
Glosses: praise to told
Translation: Mary's mother told John to praise him/herself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Bill-mo soo sita.
Glosses: Bill-also so did
Translation: John tried to praise himself and Bill did too.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Bill-mo soo sita.
Glosses: Bill-also so did.
Translation: John told Mary to praise him and Bill did, too.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: moratta.
Glosses: received
Translation: John got Mary to evaluate each other.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: yooni] settokusita.
Glosses: to persuaded
Translation: John persuaded Mary to choose her picture.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: yooni] itta.
Glosses: to told
Translation: John told only Mary to read that paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: kokoromita.
Glosses: tried
Translation: John tried to read the paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to] tanonda.
Glosses: Comp asked
Translation: John asked Mary to read that paper.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to sinzir-areteiru.
Glosses: Comp believ e-Pass
Translation: It is believed that evaluating oneself is bold.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to sinzir-areteiru.
Glosses: Comp believe-Pass
Translation: It is believed that evaluating oneself is important.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: da] to] sinzirareteiru] koto-o sitteita.
Glosses: Copula Comp believe-Pass fact-Acc knew.
Translation: John knew that it is believed that evaluating himself is bold.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: da] to] sinzirareteiru] koto-o sitteita.
Glosses: Copula Comp believe-Pass fact-Acc knew.
Translation: John knew that it is believed that evaluating himself is important.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to]-wa daitan da] to] omotta.
Glosses: Comp-Top bold Copula Comp thought
Translation: Mary's teacher thought that evaluating that paper was bold.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: koto]-ga taisetu da] to] omotta.
Glosses: fact-Acc important Copula Comp thought
Translation: Mary's teacher thought that evaluating that paper was important.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga Mary-ni [[PRO zibun-no syasin-o erabu koto-ga] taisetu da to] itta.
Glosses: John-Nom Mary-Dat self-Gen picture-Acc choose fact-Nom important Copula that told
Translation: John told Mary that choosing her picture was important.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: muri da] to] itta.
Glosses: impossible Copula Comp told
Translation: John told only Mary that beating him is impossible.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-wa [John-ga nanimo taberu to] omowa-na- katta.
Glosses: I-Top John-Nom nothing eat Comp think-Neg-Past
Translation: I did not think that John ate anything.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga sono hon-o yon-de naita.
Glosses: John-Nom that book-Acc read-Part cried
Translation: John read that book and cried.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa Bill-ni [doo sono syoo-o zitai-suru yooni] itta no?
Glosses: John-Top Bill-Dat how that prize-Acc turn down to told Q
Translation: Howi did John tell Bill [to turn down that prize ti]?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa Bill-ni [naze sono syoo-o zitai-suru yooni] itta no?
Glosses: John-Top Bill-Dat why that prize-Acc turn down to told Q
Translation: Whyi did John tell Bill [to turn down that prize ti]?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa Mary-no koto-ga kininatta kara.
Glosses: John-Top Mary-Gen thing-Nom worried because
Translation: Because John worried about Mary.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa betuno yooji-ga atta kara.
Glosses: John-Top another business-Nom had because
Translation: Because John had another thing to do.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Mary-ga nihongo-o/ga umaku hanas-eru.
Glosses: Mary-Nom Japanese-Acc/Nom well speak-can
Translation: Mary can speak Japanese well.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (iii) *John-ga [pro naze Mary-o home-yoo to] kokoromita no.
Glosses: John-Nom why Mary-Acc praise-IntMd Comp tried Q
Translation: Why did John try that pro would praise Mary t.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga [Mary-ga Bill-o home-yoo to] kokoromita.
Glosses: John-Nom Mary-Nom Bill-Acc praise-IntMd Comp tried
Translation: John tried that Mary would praise Bill.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hon-o takusan yom-u yooni *(to).
Glosses: Book-Acc many read-nonpast modal-aux Comp
Translation: You should read many books.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Koochyoo-ga sensei-ni [e seito-o home-ru-yoo(ni(-to))] meiji/motome/susume-ta.
Glosses: Principal-Nom teacher-Dat student-Acc praise-nonpast order/require/urge-past
Translation: The principal ordered/required/urged the teachers to prise the students.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga Mary-ni 'hon-o takusan yomu yooni ne?' to susumeta.
Glosses: John-Nom Mary-Dat books-Acc many read tag-Q quatation marker suggested
Translation: John said to Mary,"Read many books, will you?"
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa itumo gakko-de ranti-o tabe-ru.
Glosses: John-Top usually school-at lunch-Acc eat-Nonpast
Translation: John usually eats lunch at school.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa gakko-de kinoo ranti-o tabe-ta.
Glosses: John-Top school-at yesterday lunch-Acc eat-Past
Translation: John ate lunch at school yesterday.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa ranti-o san-ji madeni tabe-ru
Glosses: John-Top lunch-Acc three-o'clock by eat-Imperfect
Translation: John will have eaten lunch by three o'clock.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa moo ranti-o tabe-ta.
Glosses: John-Top already lunch-Acc eat-Perfect
Translation: John has already eaten lunch.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: yooni] itta.
Glosses: to told
Translation: John told Mary to praise himself/herself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: sono zitensya-ga naosi te mi-rare- ta.
Glosses: the bike-Nom repair to try-passive-past
Translation: *The bike was tried to repair.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [[otagaii-no sensei]-ga [Mary-ga karera-o hihansita to] itta] (koto).
Glosses: each other-Gen teacher-Nom Mary-Nom they-Acc criticized that said fact
Translation: Each other's teachers said that Mary criticized them.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: karerai-o [[otagaii-no sensei]-ga [Mary-ga t hihansita to] itta] (koto).
Glosses: they-Acc each other-Gen teacher-Nom Mary-Nom criticized that said fact
Translation: Them, each other's teachers said that Mary criticized
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [John-ga [[otagaii-no sensei]-ni [karerai-o homeru yooni tanonda]] (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom each other-Gen teachers-Dat they-Acc praise to asked fact
Translation: John asked each other's teachers to praise them.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [John-ga [karerai-o [[otagaii-no sensei]-nij [ tj ti homeru yooni tanonda]]]] (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom they-Acc each other-Gen teachers-Dat praise to asked fact
Translation: Them, John asked each other's teachers to praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [karerai-o [John-ga [[otagaii-no sensei]-nij [tj ti homeru yooni tanonda]]]] (koto).
Glosses: they-Acc John-Nom each other-Gen teachers-Dat praise to asked fact
Translation: Them, John asked each other's teachers to praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [John-ga [[otagaii-no sensei]-ni karerai-o syookais ita]] (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom each other-Gen teachers-Dat they-Acc introduced fact
Translation: John introduced them to each other's teachers.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [John-ga [karerai-o [[otagaii-no sensei]-ni ti syookaisita]]] (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom they-Acc each other-Gen teachers-Dat introduced fact
Translation: Them, John introduced to each other's teachers.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [karerai-o [John-ga [[otagaii-no sensei]-ni ti syookaisita]]] (koto).
Glosses: they-Acc John-Nom each other-Gen teachers-Dat introduced fact
Translation: Them, John introduced to each other's teachers.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [John-ga [zibunzisini-o [Mary-nij [ tj ti homeru yooni tanonda]]] (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom himself/herself-Acc Mary-Dat praise to asked fact
Translation: Himself/herself, John asked Mary to praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [zibunzisini-o [John-ga [Mary-nij [tj ti homeru yooni tanonda]]] (koto).
Glosses: himself/herself-Acc John-Nom Mary-Dat praise to asked fact
Translation: 'Himself/herself, John asked Mary to praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga Billi-o Maryj-ni [tj ti homeru] yooni itta (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom Bill-Acc Mary-Dat praise to told fact
Translation: Billi, John told Mary to praise ti.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Billi-o John-ga Maryj-ni [tj ti homeru] yooni itta (koto).
Glosses: Bill-Acc John-Nom Mary-Dat praise to told fact
Translation: Billi, John told Mary to praise ti.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [John-ga [zibunzisini-o [Mary-nij [ tj ti homeru yooni tanonda]]]] (koto).
Glosses: John-Nom himself/herself-Acc Mary-Dat praise to asked fact
Translation: Himself/herself, John asked Mary to praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [zibunzisini-o [John-ga [Mary-nij [tj ti homeru yooni tanonda]]]] (koto).
Glosses: himself/herself-Acc John-Nom Mary-Dat praise to asked fact
Translation: 'Himself/herself, John asked Mary to praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: to] nenjita.
Glosses: Comp prayed
Translation: John prayed that Mary could speak Japanese much better.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: yooni/home-ro/- tekure to] inotta (koto)
Glosses: modal aux/praise-subj Comp prayed fact
Translation: Himself, John prayed that Mary would praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ti suisensuru yooni/suisensi-ro/- tekure to] inotta (koto).
Glosses: recommend modal aux/recommend-subj Comp prayed fact
Translation: Them, each other's teachers prayed that the principal would
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: yooni/home-ro/- tekure to] inotta (koto).
Glosses: modal aux/praise-subj Comp prayed fact
Translation: Himself, John prayed that Mary would praise.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 4a. dare mo ko-na-katta.
Glosses: anyone come-not-past
Translation: No one came.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. Taroo wa bidoo dani mo si-na-katta.
Glosses: Taro top budge-an-inch-even do-not-past
Translation: Taro didn't budge an inch.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 5a. Taroo wa roku-na ronbun o kaita koto ga nai.
Glosses: Taro top satisfactory paper acc wrote nl nom not
Translation: Taro has never written a decent (research) paper in his life.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. Ken wa yasai sika tabe-nai.
Glosses: Ken top vegetables apart from eat-not
Translation: Ken doesn't eat anything apart from vegetables.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 6a. gokuhi syorui ni kansite hito-koto-demo/*-mo morasita no wa zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: confidential papers dat regarding one word-even leaked nl top ten-people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten people revealed anything about the confidential papers.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. mosi syorui ni kansite hito-koto-demo/*-mo morasi-tara kubi da-yo.
Glosses: if papers dat regarding one word-even leak-then fired are
Translation: If you say a word about the papers, you'll be fired.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: c. kono koto ni tuite wa hito-koto*-demo/-mo morasa nai-de-ne.
Glosses: this fact dat about top one-word-even leak not
Translation: Please don't say a word about this to anyone.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 7a. siken ni ukaru itiru-no- nozomi-demo/*-mo aru no wa zyuunin tarazu da.
Glosses: test in pass slightest-poss-hope-even have nl top ten-people less-than are
Translation: Less than ten people have the slightest chance to succeed in the test.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. Taroo ni mosi siken ni ukaru itiru-no-nozomi-demo/*-mo atta nara ...
Glosses: Taro dat if test in pass slightest­poss-hope-even had then
Translation: If Taro had the slightest chance of passing the test...
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: c. siken ni ukaru koto ni tuite wa itiru-no-nozomi-*demo/-mo nai.
Glosses: test in pass thing in regarding top slightest-poss-hope-even not
Translation: There isn't even the slightest hope (of his) passing the test.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 8a. *arukooru o ittekitari to-demo/-mo nonda no wa zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: alcohol acc one-drop even drank nl top ten-people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten people drank even a drop of alcohol.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. mosi arukooru o ittekitari to-demo/*mo nond-ara arutyuu ni-naru yo.
Glosses: if alcohol acc one-drop-even drink-then alcoholism become emph
Translation: If you drink even a drop of alcohol, you'll slip into alcoholism.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: c. arutyuu ga naotte kara-to-iu-mono ittekitari to*-demo/-mo nondei-nai.
Glosses: alcoholism nom recover after-ever-since one drop even drinking not
Translation: He hasn't drunk a drop ever since he recovered from alcoholism.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 9a. *ano daigaku de roku-na ronbun o kaita-no-wa zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: that university at satisfactory thesis acc wrote-nl-top ten-people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten people have produced a decent thesis at that university.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. *mosi roku-na NPI-no-ronbun ga a-ttara yomi-tai mono da-ne.
Glosses: if satisfactory NPI-poss-article nom be-then read-want nl cop
Translation: If there is an article on NPIs that is worth reading, I'd like to read it.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: c. Taroo wa roku-na ronbun o kaita koto ga nai.
Glosses: Taro top satisfactory paper acc wrote nl nom not
Translation: Taro has never written a decent research paper in his life.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 10a. *siken ni otite bidoo-dani-demo/-mo sita no wa zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: test in fail budge-an-inch-even did nl top ten-people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten (students) were upset upon failing the test.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. *Taroo wa mosi bidoo-dani-demo/-mo si-tara korosareru to sitte-ita.
Glosses: Taro top if budge-an-inch-even do-then kill-pass that knew
Translation: Taro knew that if he as much as budged an inch, he would be killed.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: c. Taroo wa moo-jiki sinu to i-warete mo bidoo dani*-demo/-mo si-na-katta.
Glosses: Taro top soon die that said-pass even budge-an-inch-even do-not-past
Translation: Taro didn't blink an eyelid on being told that he would die very soon.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 22. sake o nomu ka tabako o suu-ka sita no wa zyuunin tarazu datta sake o nonda no wa zyuunin tarazu datta si tabako o sutta no mo zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: sake acc drink or cigarette acc smoke did nl top ten people less-than were alcohol acc drank nl top ten people less-than were and cigarette acc smoked nl also ten people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten people smoked or drank Less than ten people smoked and less than ten people danced.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 23. mosi o-sake o nomu ka tabako o suu no nara, okorimasu mosi o-sake o nomu no nara okorimasu mata, mosi tabako o suu no nara okorimasu.
Glosses: if hon-sake acc drink or cigarette acc smoke nl then be-angry if hon-sake acc drink nl then be-angry and if cigarette acc smoke nl then be-angry
Translation: If you drink or smoke, I'll be angry if you drink I'll be angry and if you smoke I'll be angry.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 24a. Taroo ga sake o nomu ka tabako o suu-ka to-iu-koto wa nai Taroo wa sake mo noma-nai, katu tabako mo suwa-nai.
Glosses: Taro nom sake acc drink or cigarette acc smoke that top not Taro top sake also drinks-not and cigarette also smokes-not
Translation: It is not the case that Taro drinks or smokes it is not the case that Taro drinks, and it is not the case that Taro smokes.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. Taroo ga sake mo nomi katu tabako mo suu to-iu-koto de-wa nai Taroo wa sake o noma-nai ka tabako o suwa-nai-ka (no dochira) da.
Glosses: Taro nom sake also drink and cigarette also smoke that not Taro top sake acc drinks-not or cigarette acc smokes-not either is
Translation: It is not the case that Taro drinks and smokes it is not the case that Taro drinks, or it is not the case that Taro smokes.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: 26a. *arukooru-o ittekitari-to-demo/-mo nonda-no-wa zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: alcohol-acc one-drop-even drank-nl-top ten-people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten people had even a drop of alcohol.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. arukooru-o ittekitari-to*-demo/mo nondei-nai-no-wa zyuunin tarazu datta.
Glosses: alcohol-acc one-drop-even drank-not-nl-top ten-people less-than were
Translation: Less than ten people haven't drink even a drop of alcohol.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: pro tabe-te imasu
Glosses: pro eat-te do
Translation: I'm eating
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kinoo it-ta koto-o wasure-ta.
Glosses: [yesterday say-PAST] thing-ACC forget-PAST
Translation: I forgot what I said yesterday.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: carry out]
Glosses: policeman-TOP
Translation: The policeman caught the thief that was taking things out from an uninhabited house.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: mono-o hakobidasiteiru-no-o tsukamaeta.
Glosses: policeman-TOP [thief-NOM empty house-from
Translation: The policeman caught the thief that was taking things out from an uninhabited house.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Naoki-ga mi-ta.
Glosses: Naoki-nom see-past
Translation: Naoki saw (it).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Naomi-o Ken-ga,] [Sara-o Erika-ga] tazuneta
Glosses: Naomi-AC C Ken-NOM, Sara-AC C Erika-NOM visit-PAST. CONCL
Translation: Ken visited Naomi and Erika, Sara.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kyooju-ga gakusee-ni toshokansisho-ga kasita mezurasii komonjo-o miseta
Glosses: [Professor-NOM student-DAT] librarian-NOM lent unusual manuscript-ACC showed
Translation: the professor showed [HA: the student] the unusual manuscript which the librarian had lent [LA: the student].
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kyooju-ga gakusee-ni toshokansisho-ga yabutta mezurasii komonjo-o miseta
Glosses: [Professor-NOM student-DAT] librarian-NOM tore unusual manuscript-ACC showed
Translation: the professor showed the student the unusual manuscript which the librarian had torn.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kyooju-ga gakusee-ni toshokansisho-ga kasita mezurasii komonjo-o yabutta
Glosses: Professor-NOM student-DAT librarian-NOM lent unusual manuscript-ACC tore
Translation: the professor tore the unusual manuscript which the librarian had lent the student.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ken-ga Naomi-o, Erika-ga Sara-o tazuneta
Glosses: K-NOM N-ACC E-NOM S-ACC visit-PAST.CONCL
Translation: Ken visited Naomi, and Erika, Sara.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ken-ga Naomi-o, Erika-ga Sara-o tazuneta
Glosses: Ken-NOM Naomi-ACC Erika-NOM Sara-ACC visit-PAST.CONCL
Translation: Ken visited Naomi, and Erika Sara.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa jibun-de/*jishin-de19 kuruma-wo arau.
Glosses: Taro-TOP JIBUN-INSTR/JISHIN-INSTR car-ACC wash
Translation: Taro washes his car himself.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yasai-ga kusa-tta.
Glosses: vegetable-NOM rot-PAST
Translation: The vegetable rotted
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga yasai-o kus-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM vegetable-ACC rot-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro caused the vegetable to rot
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga kodomo-o nak-asi-ta.
Glosses: John-NOM child-ACC cry-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: John made the child cry
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga Taroo-ni Eigo-o os-hie-ta.
Glosses: John-NOM Taro-DAT English-ACC learn-CAUS-PAST
Translation: John taught Taro English
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-o sin-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-ACC die-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro caused his son to die
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Musuko-ga sin-ase-rare-ta.
Glosses: son-NOM die-CAUSE-PASS-PAST
Translation: The son was caused to die
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-ni sin-are-ta.
Glosses: Taroo-NOM son-DAT die-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro's son died on him
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sensoo-ni-yotte musuko-o sin-ase-ta
Glosses: Taroo-NOM war-BY son-ACC die-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro's son was caused to die on him by the war
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sensoo-ni-yotte musuko-ni sin-are-ta
Glosses: Taroo-NOM war-BY son-DAT die-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro's son died on him by the war
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Nikki-ga Hanako-ni-yotte yom-are-ta.
Glosses: diary-NOM Hanako-BY read-PASS-PAST
Translation: The diary was read by Hanako
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yasai-ga Hanako-ni-yotte kusa-tta.
Glosses: Vegetable-NOM Hanako-BY rot-PAST
Translation: *The vegetable rotted by Hanako
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yasai-ga kouon-ni-yotte kusa-tta.
Glosses: Vegetable-NOM high.temperature-BY rot-PAST
Translation: *The vegetable rotted by the heat
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa kawa-wo oyogu koto ni-yotte mukougisi-ni watatta.
Glosses: Taro-TOP river-ACC swim C BY the-other-side-DAT got
Translation: Taro got to the other side by swimming across the river
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni-yotte musuko-o sin-ase-ta
Glosses: Taroo-NOM Hanako-BY son-ACC die-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro's son was caused to die on him by Hanako
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Musuko-ga Hanako-ni-yotte sin-ase-rare-ta
Glosses: son-NOM Hanako-BY die-CAUSE-PASS-PAST
Translation: The son was caused to die by Hanako
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Musuko-ga sensoo-ni-yotte sin-ase-rare-ta
Glosses: son-NOM war-BY die-CAUSE-PASS-PAST
Translation: The son was caused to die by the war
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Sensoo-ga Taro-o sin-ase-ta
Glosses: war-NOM Taro-ACC die-CAUSE- PAST
Translation: The war caused Taro to die
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-o katteni korob-ase-ta
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-ACC by.self fall.down-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Something caused Taro's son to fall down on him all by himself
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-ni katteni korob-are-ta
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-DAT by.self fall.down-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro's son fell down on him all by himself
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga katteni koronda.
Glosses: Taro-NOM by.self fell.down
Translation: Taro fell down all by himself
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa niku-o kog-asi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-TOP meat-ACC burn-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taroo scorched the meat
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa niku-o koge-sase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-TOP meat-ACC burn-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro caused the meat to scorch
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-o sizukani sin-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-ACC quietly die-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro caused his son to die quietly.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-o sini-taku-sase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-ACC die-DES-CAUSE-PST
Translation: Taroo made his son want to die
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa niku-o kog-e-sase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-TOP meat-ACC burn-INTRANS-CAUSE-PST
Translation: Taro caused the meat to become scorched.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa niku-o kog-asi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-TOP meat-ACC burn-CAUSE-PST
Translation: Taro scorched the meat.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga hatake shigoto-ni sei-o da-su
Glosses: Taroo-NOM farm work-DAT energy-ACC come.out-CAUSE.PAST
Translation: Taro did the farm work diligently
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga hatake shigoto-ni sei-o de-sase-ta
Glosses: Taroo-NOM farm work-DAT energy-ACC come.out-CAUSE
Translation: Taro did the farm work diligently
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-o heya-kara de-sase-ta
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-ACC room-FROM come.out-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro made Hanako come out of the room