lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Bonan (English translation)
Transcription: tə .rə aagɵ da ɬɵma mbɵu ?
Glosses: that girl also student COP.EMPH.Q
Translation: Is that woman also a student?’ (: 8, 6)
Language: Bonan (English translation)
Transcription: χeɕaŋ jaŋgətɕə natʰə kʰər-si ?
Glosses: PN how dance be.required-Q
Translation: How should (one) dance Leru?
Language: Bonan (English translation)
Transcription: pə [hkutə orə-si əsə orə-si] əsə med-o .
Glosses: 1SG yesterday rain-Q NEG rain-Q NEG know-TERM
Translation: I don’t know [whether it rained or not yesterday].’ (: 99, 227)
Language: Bonan (English translation)
Transcription: bə en-sa ɵ .d kə-saŋ=wu , taŋ-sa ɵ .d kar-saŋ ?
Glosses: 1SG this-ABL go be.required-P.PFV=Q that-ABL go be.required-P.PFV
Translation: Will I go this way or that way ?’ (: 15)
Language: Bonan (English translation)
Transcription: dedə ‘gudə sə edəro ba ?
Glosses: old.man.VOC yesterday NEG ?tired Q
Translation: Grandpa, you weren’t too tired yesterday, right?’ (: 59)
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: tʃi meda-na ba ?
Glosses: 2SG know-NFUT Q
Translation: You know, right?
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: ajɔ ! en .de ma-ge-dʒi re-va sa ?
Glosses: EXCL here how-V-CVB.IPFV come-PST Q
Translation: Oh! Why have you come here?
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: tʃi-ni kʉn le ?
Glosses: 2SG-GEN person Q
Translation: What about your person?’ (: 215, 222, 217)
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: tʃi mede-nʉ ?
Glosses: 2SG know-NFUT.Q
Translation: Do you know?
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: te tʃi-ni-gʉ bʉ ?
Glosses: that 2SG-GEN-?N Q
Translation: Is that yours?
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: re-vʉ , se re-va ?
Glosses: come-PST.Q NEG come-PST
Translation: Has (she) come or not?’ (: 71, 169, 217)
Language: Kangjia (English translation)
Transcription: te kʉn lausɯ mari , ere ?
Glosses: that person teacher NEG Q
Translation: That person isn’t a teacher, right?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: ire-nu ?
Glosses: come-DUR.Q
Translation: Will you come?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: kijie-zhi wu ?
Glosses: sleep-CVB.IPFV COP.Q
Translation: Is (s)he sleeping?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: chi khala echi-ne ?
Glosses: 2SG whither go-DUR
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 358)
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: ghoni=chini ire-wu ?
Glosses: sheep=2SG.GEN come-TERM.Q
Translation: Have your sheep come back?’ (: 284, modified transcription based on )
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: bi ənə man-sa jawu-mu ha man-sa jawu-nə ?
Glosses: 1SG this direction-ABL go-Q that direction-ABL go-DUR
Translation: Will I go this way or that way?’ (: 14)
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: hhe shi noghi we-la ?
Glosses: that COP dog COP-?Q
Translation: Is that a dog?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: e .ne kun e .de ire-ne ba ?
Glosses: this man here come-DUR Q
Translation: This man is coming, right?’ (: 295, modified transcription based on )
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: imani mədʑiə=nu uliə ?
Glosses: faith know=Q NEG
Translation: Do you know the faith or not?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: chi baza-de echi-wo wuye ?
Glosses: 2SG PN-LOC go-TERM NEG
Translation: Did you go to Linxia or not?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: tȿɯ-ni ada uai-nu , u-wo ?
Glosses: 2SG-GEN father COP-Q NEG-TERM
Translation: Is your father alive or not?’ (: 105, simplified)
Language: Mongghul ( translation)
Transcription: tɕɨ dʑiehun-la=uu ?
Glosses: 2SG marry-V=Q
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: ɕge pɨsee sge-dʑ-a-nuu tɕɨ ?
Glosses: big belt see-PERF-OBJ=Q 2SG
Translation: Have you seen a big belt?’ (: 221, 220)
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: qi anji xji-gu-i ?
Glosses: 2SG where go-P.FUT-SUBJ
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 303, shortened)
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: qi Mongghul uguo mudie-nu ?
Glosses: 2SG PN language know-IPFV.Q
Translation: Do you know (how to speak) Mongghul?
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: qi wazar Minyuen-de sou-niu ?
Glosses: 2SG city PN-LOC sit-SUBJ.IPFV.Q
Translation: Do you live at Minyuan in the city?
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: qi laosi wei-u ?
Glosses: 2SG teacher SUBJ.COP-Q
Translation: Are you a teacher?
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: nie-nu moxi shda-gu .na-nu ?
Glosses: this-ACC read can-OBJ.FUT-Q
Translation: Can you read this?
Language: Min Dong Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ngan Zhonggui kun na-nu ?
Glosses: 3SG PN person OBJ.COP-Q
Translation: Is he Chinese?’ (: 14)
Language: Mongghul (English translation)
Transcription: qi niudur xi-gu .niu , malang xi-gu .niu ?
Glosses: 2SG today go-FUT.SUBJ.Q tomorrow go-FUT.SUBJ.Q
Translation: Do you go today or tomorrow?’ (: 14)
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: bi ri-jinu ?
Glosses: 1SG come-PFV.OBJ.Q
Translation: Did I come?
Language: Mangghuer ( translation)
Transcription: qi ri-bu ?
Glosses: 2SG come-PFV.SUBJ.Q
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: gan ri-jinu ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PFV.OBJ.Q
Translation: Did (s)he come?
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: ta ghula qijige kerli=nu lai-kerli ?
Glosses: 2PL two flower want=Q NEG-want
Translation: Do you want two flowers or not?’ (: 437)
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: bi laoshi meinu ?
Glosses: 1SG teacher COP.OBJ.Q
Translation: Am I a teacher?
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: qi laoshi biu ?
Glosses: 2SG teacher COP.SUBJ.Q
Translation: Are you a teacher?
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: gan laoshi meinu ?
Glosses: 3SG teacher COP.OBJ.Q
Translation: Is (s)he a teacher?
Language: Mangghuer (English translation)
Transcription: tasi ang=ji-ku-ni bi ?
Glosses: 2PL where=DIR-IPFV-N COP.SUBJ
Translation: Where are (all of) you from?’ (: 16)
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: tɕi ma .tu gie-wo ?
Glosses: 2SG how do-TERM
Translation: How are you doing?
Language: Dongxiang (English translation)
Transcription: ən .udu .ku tɕientɕi ma .tu .kaŋ wo ?
Glosses: today weather how COP
Translation: How is the weather today?’ (: 17)
Language: Old Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: [xian zhe yi le ci hu]
Glosses: virtuous N also enjoy this Q
Translation: Does a man of virtue also enjoy such (things)?
Language: Old Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: [he bi yue li]
Glosses: why must say profit
Translation: Why must you say ‘profit’’?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: chī-fàn le ma ?
Glosses: eat-food PFV Q
Translation: Have you eaten yet?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ jiào shénme ?
Glosses: 2SG call what
Translation: What is your name?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ chī-fàn le ba ?
Glosses: 2SG eat-food PFV Q
Translation: You must have already eaten (I suppose)?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ chī-fàn le , duì ba ?
Glosses: 2SG eat-food PFV right Q
Translation: You have already eaten, right?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ bāng wǒ mǎi .dōngxī , hǎo ba ?
Glosses: 2SG help 1SG shop good Q
Translation: You are going shopping for me, right?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù bu qù zhōngguó ne ?
Glosses: 2SG go NEG go PN Q
Translation: Are you (actually) going to China?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nà nǐ qù nǎli ne ?
Glosses: that 2SG go where Q
Translation: Well, where are you going then?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó , shì ma ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN COP Q
Translation: You are going to China, are you?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ shì qù zhōngguó ma ?
Glosses: 2SG COP go PN Q
Translation: Is it China that you are going to?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: shì nǐ qù zhōngguó ma ?
Glosses: COP 2SG go PN Q
Translation: Is it you who is going to China?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó , shìbushì ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN Q
Translation: You are going to China, aren’t you?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ shìbushì qù zhōngguó ?
Glosses: 2SG Q go PN
Translation: Is it China that you are going to?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: shìbushì nǐ qù zhōngguó ?
Glosses: Q 2SG go PN
Translation: Is it you who is going to China?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: zhēn .de Ø jiǎ .de ?
Glosses: true (or) false
Translation: Is that true or false?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó háishì rìběn ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN or.Q Japan
Translation: Are you going to China or Japan?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó (háishì) bú qù zhōngguó ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN or.Q NEG go PN
Translation: Are you going to China or are you not going to China?
Language: Mandarin Chinese ( translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó bu ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN NEG
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó ma ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN Q
Translation: Are you going to China?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù-guò/le zhōngguó méi .yǒu ?
Glosses: ’2sg go-EXP/PFV PN NEG
Translation: Have you been to China or not?
Language: Mandarin Chinese ( translation)
Transcription: nǐ qù zhōngguó háishi nǎ .r ?
Glosses: 2SG go PN or.Q where
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: tʂəŋ24 .ti21 ma21 ?
Glosses: real Q
Translation: Really?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ȵi52 ʂã44 nɐr24 tɕ‘y44 ?
Glosses: 2SG DIR where go
Translation: Where are you going?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: sei24 tɕiɤu44 ʋɤ52 nə21 ?
Glosses: who save 1SG Q
Translation: Who will save me (then)?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ȵi52 nəŋ24 pu21 nəŋ24 lɛ24 ?
Glosses: 2SG be.able NEG be.able come
Translation: Are you able to come?’ (: 222, 219, 206, 217)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ȵi52 sɿ21 tʂ‘ɤu24jæ̃21 ȵi44 xɛ24sɿ21 xɤ21 ts‘a24 ?
Glosses: 2SG COP smoke Q or drink tea
Translation: Do you (want to) smoke or drink tea?’ (: 221)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ni52 ta44 ȵi21 ma21 ʋɤ52 ta44 ?
Glosses: 2SG big Q Q 1SG big
Translation: Are you older or I?’ (: 211)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: fei2421 ia4453 ?
Glosses: who RF
Translation: Who (is it)?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: lɔ53 sɿ21321 lɛ53 ?
Glosses: HON four Q
Translation: What about Laosi (the fourth brother)?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: tɕia44 xa35 mɔ35 fɔ44 uã3521 mɔ53 ?
Glosses: 3SG yet NEG speak finish Q
Translation: Has (s)he still not finished speaking?’ (: 300)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ȵi53 fã213 tʂ‘ʅ44 liɔ1 mɔ24 ?
Glosses: 2SG meal eat PFV NEG
Translation: Have you eaten?’ (: 301)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ni tʂuŋku ts‘ɿ-lia ma xaiʂʅ ʐɿpən ts‘ɿ-lia ?
Glosses: 2SG PN go-?POT Q or.Q PN go-?POT
Translation: Are you going to China or to Japan?
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: tʂuŋku tɕ‘y tʂuɔtsɿ ʂʅ ni sa ?
Glosses: PN go ?N COP 2SG Q
Translation: Is it you who is going to China?
Language: Dungan (English translation)
Transcription: [ni-men ouzhou donggan ren duo ma ?]
Glosses: 2SG-PL PN PN person many Q
Translation: Are there many Dunggan in Europe?
Language: Dungan (English translation)
Transcription: [za-de ne ?]
Glosses: how-ATTR Q
Translation: How are you?’ (: 486, 515)
Language: Dungan (English translation)
Transcription: ti san tua .r xua li .t’i fe-ti sa ?
Glosses: ORD three CLF speech inside say-ADV what
Translation: What is said in the third sentence?’ (: 382)
Language: Uighur (English translation)
Transcription: fatsɪ-xa kɛ-vɛ̃-li=mu ?
Glosses: house-ACC build-finish-PFV=Q
Translation: Is the house built?
Language: Uighur (English translation)
Transcription: ni tham-xa ʃɪma-la khuɛ̃-tɛ-li ?
Glosses: 2SG 2PL-ACC what-INST wait-?-?INT
Translation: What would you serve them with?’ (: 866, 868)
Language: Min Dong Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: ɲi53 ʂə13ma41kə mai53 liɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG what buy PFV
Translation: What did you buy?’ (: 158, 162)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: dʒə24-gɤ "dʐũən41-dzɪ xɛ̃42 , ɲi53 na14-xa41-la na14-bu-xa41 ?
Glosses: this-CLF heavy-EXT very 2SG carry-RES-Q carry-NEG.POT-RES
Translation: This is very heavy, can you carry it or not?
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: je ni-de huaiqi hai-li=a ?
Glosses: this 2SG-GEN book EQU-SEN.INF=Q
Translation: Is this your book?
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: sama qe-lio=mu ?
Glosses: food eat-PFV=Q
Translation: Have you eaten the food?’ : 99, 100)
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: ni ma-ge nian-di-yek ?
Glosses: 2SG what-CLF read-PROGR-EGO
Translation: What are you reading?’ (: 98)
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: ni xaitangwa hai-yek=mu ggaigan hai-yek ?
Glosses: 2SG student EQU-EGO=Q teacher EQU-EGO
Translation: Are you a student or a teacher?
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: zang jja-la-gu-la waiqai yek , mi-yek ?
Glosses: PN visit-INCOMPL-COMP-COND hardship EX NEG.EX-?EGO
Translation: If you visited Tibet, would there be any hardships?
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: ni yan za-de yek ya ?
Glosses: 2SG tobacco smoke-N EX Q
Translation: You are a smoker, aren’t you?
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: nia-ha dun-li=a ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-TOP cold-SEN.INF=Q
Translation: And how about you, are you feeling cold?
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: ngu-de minze-li dongzhek sho-yek .
Glosses: 1SG-GEN name-LOC PN say-EGO
Translation: My name is Dongzhou.
Language: Wutunhua (English translation)
Transcription: ni-de minze-li ma sho-yek .
Glosses: 2SG-GEN name-LOC what say-EGO
Translation: What is your name?’ (: 294f.)
Language: Tangwang ( translation)
Transcription: ȵi nə tsuə=mu ?
Glosses: 2SG be.able ?live=Q
Language: Tangwang (English translation)
Transcription: ȵi-m tɕia .tsu tɕi xuə jəu-lɪ , mə-jəu ?
Glosses: 2SG-PL family GEN life EX-?IPFV NEG-?EX
Translation: Does your family have a life (worth living) or not?
Language: Tangwang (English translation)
Transcription: tʂʅ31-ʃie31 ʂu24-xa a24ṃ mɛ31-li ?
Glosses: this-PL book-?TOP how sell-IPFV
Translation: How does one sell these books?
Language: Gangou (English translation)
Transcription: aijie amen mei-lai shuo ?
Glosses: 3SG how NEG-come HS
Translation: Why didn’t he come?
Language: Gangou (English translation)
Transcription: ni liang .ge huaer yao-li ma , bu-yao ?
Glosses: 2SG two flower want-FUT Q neg-want
Translation: Do you two want a flower or not?’ (: 447, 437)
Language: Middle Old Tibetan ( translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo wə joŋ=ni ?
Glosses: 2SG go.out.PRF come=Q
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰəzəka ma-joŋ=ni ?
Glosses: why NEG-come=Q
Translation: Why did (you) not come?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo sʰə jən ?
Glosses: 2SG who COP.CJ
Translation: Who are you?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan ( translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo demo jən=na ?
Glosses: 2SG fine COP.CJ=Q
Language: Tibetan ( translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo wol ə-jən ?
Glosses: 2SG PN Q-COP.CJ
Language: Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: norbə joŋ=dʑi ə-re ?
Glosses: PN come=N Q-COP.DJ
Translation: Will Norbu come?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo: χwiɕʰa ə-jol ?
Glosses: 2SG.DAT book Q-COP.CJ
Translation: Do you have a book?
Language: Amdo Tibetan ( translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo tsʰuŋwa ə-jən ?
Glosses: 2SG merchant Q-COP.CJ
Language: Amdo Tibetan ( translation)
Transcription: bdəʂtɕəl ə-tʰa ?
Glosses: PN Q-go.PFV.DJ
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: mi de dgra yin=nam ?
Glosses: person that enemy COP=Q
Translation: Is that man an enemy?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: kyod kyis glang brnyas=sam ?
Glosses: 2SG ERG ox borrow=Q
Translation: Did you borrow (his) ox?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: nga-s khyod kyi khyo ci .ltar sbyin ?
Glosses: 1SG-ERG 2SG GEN husband how give
Translation: How can I give you back your husband?’ (: 262, 267)
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: nji2 kã1 tśja1 wjɨ2 dzjo1 mo2 ?
Glosses: 2SG.HON sugar cane PERF eat Q
Translation: Do you eat sugar cane?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: ɐ-sə-kə ?
Glosses: Q-sour-MIR
Translation: Is it sour?
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: tsʰo(-sɐ) gomo tʃʰatsə ndərə ?
Glosses: 2SG(-DAT) money how.much EX
Translation: How much money do you have?’ (: 826)
Language: Baima (English translation)
Transcription: tɕho13ko53 ŋge13re35 e53-ndʑi53 i53 ?
Glosses: 2PL PN Q-go ?PROGR
Translation: Are you going to Baima?
Language: Baima (English translation)
Transcription: tɕhø53 su341 re13 ?
Glosses: 2SG who COP
Translation: Who are you?’ (: 131, 126)
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: mə1 ˑjij1 ɣu1 ˑja-tɕhjɨ1-dju1 ?
Glosses: sky GEN head Q-?POT-have
Translation: Does the sky have a head?
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: thjij2sjo2 thjj2 dzjwo2 tjịj1 ˑjij1 rjur1ˑar2 mjj1 njwi2 ˑjj2 ?
Glosses: why this person alone ACC restrain NEG can COMP
Translation: Why can’t you restrain this person alone?
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: nɐȷiʔ nɐ-lŋaʔ ə́-toʔ ?
Glosses: 2SG 2SG.POSS-child Q-exist
Translation: Do you have children?’ (: 498)
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: no tʃha wutə ə-tə-mut-w ?
Glosses: 2SG tea this Q-2-drink-2SG
Translation: Will you drink this tea?
Language: Guiqiong (English translation)
Transcription: zo gutɕhiɐŋ ɛ-dʐi ?
Glosses: 3SG PN Q-COP
Translation: Is he a Guiqiong?’ (: 304)
Language: Middle Old Tibetan ( translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo xabda ə-sʰoŋ ?
Glosses: 2SG deer.chase Q-go.COM
Language: Middle Old Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: martsɔ hətsʰo-lə rdʒəvɯa χtsə-ve ə-́ɣ́ɔ́?́
Glosses: originally 2PL.family-DAT louse one-except Q-COP
Translation: So there was just one single ‘louse’ in your home?’ (: 125)
Language: Min Dong Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: [ni ke-xiang .xin]
Glosses: 2SG Q-believe
Translation: Do you believe (that)?’ (: 12)
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: põHpõL aH=ʒeL ?
Glosses: uncle Q=EX.AN
Translation: Is Uncle home?
Language: Qiangic (English translation)
Transcription: tʃʰeL dzɨH=aL=ʃoL ?
Glosses: meal eat=Q=OPT
Translation: Will (you) have a meal?’ (: 209)
Language: Mandarin Chinese (English translation)
Transcription: zhè tiáo hé duō/hǎo kuān ?
Glosses: this CLF river how broad
Translation: How broad is this river?
Language: Amdo Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: cʰo kaŋ=ne joŋ=ne ?
Glosses: 2SG where=ABL come=AUX
Translation: Where are you from?
Language: Amdo Tibetan (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰo kaŋ=ngə ʁi=le ?
Glosses: 2SG where=GEN come=AUX
Translation: Where are you from?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: nuŋartyn moty-va vaa-re-Ø .
Glosses: 3PL elk-ACC kill-NON.FUT-(3PL)
Translation: They killed the elk./Did they kill the elk?’ (: 4f.)
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: si ulle-ve d’ep-che-s=ku ?
Glosses: 2SG meat-ACC eat-PST-2SG=Q
Translation: Have you eaten the meat?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: si ulle-ve=gu d’ep-che-s ?
Glosses: 2SG meat-ACC=Q eat-PST-2SG
Translation: Did you eat meat/the meat?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: tar asatkan soŋo-d’oro-n=ŋu , in’ekte-d’ere-n=ŋu ?
Glosses: that girl cry-PRS-3SG=Q laugh-PRS-3SG=Q
Translation: Is that girl crying or laughing?’ (: 136, 7)
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: eme-d’e-n=ŋu e .le ta .r asi , e-te-n=ŋu ?
Glosses: come-FUT-3SG-Q here that woman NEG-FUT-3SG-Q
Translation: I wonder if that woman will come here or not.
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: ekun-duk eme-che-s ?
Glosses: what-ABL come-PST-2SG
Translation: Where did you come from?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: si [er dukuvun-ma] ga-cha-s ?
Glosses: 2SG this book-ACC buy-PST-2SG
Translation: Did you buy this book?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: [er dukuvun-ma] si ga-cha-s ?
Glosses: this book-ACC 2SG buy-PST-2SG
Translation: Did you buy this book?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: kilivliil , saa-ra-s ee-ra-s=kuu ?
Glosses: girl know-AOR-2PL NEG-AOR-2PL=Q
Translation: Girls, have you noticed?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: ile-ve=guu e-chee-s xenu-re ?
Glosses: man-ACC=Q NEG-PST-2SG notice-CN
Translation: Haven’t you noticed the man?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: ŋene-ŋeet-y-vun=ŋuu e-ŋeet-y-vun=ŋuu ?
Glosses: go-DEB-E-1PL.EX=Q NEG-DEB-E-1PL.EX=Q
Translation: Should we go or not?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: eedaa ekeendeek-lee-vun eme-nni ?
Glosses: why dancing.place-LOC-1PL.EX.POSS come-2SG
Translation: Why have you come to our dancing place?’ (: 64, 72, 19, 12)
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: ta .r-gachiin beje-ŋelii kuxii-ŋeet-y-c=too ?
Glosses: that-EVAL man-COM fight-DEB-E-2SG=Q
Translation: You are supposed to fight with such a man?’ (: 19)
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: aya bi-si-ndi=gv ?
Glosses: good be-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Are you well?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: e .r-si nii bei ?
Glosses: this-2SG.POSS who Q
Translation: Who is this (one of yours)?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: sii nii bi-si-ndi ?
Glosses: 2SG who be-PRS-2SG
Translation: Who are you?
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: murin=li , vkvr=li ?
Glosses: horse=Q cow=Q
Translation: (Is it) a horse or a cow?’ (: 95f.)
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: i-d’i-m=gu ?
Glosses: enter-FUT-1SG=Q
Translation: Shall I come in?
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: tiniv=gu em-ri-n ?
Glosses: yesterday=Q come-PST-3SG
Translation: Did he come yesterday?’ (Andrej Malchukov p.c. 2013)
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: uliki-w=gu bu-ri-s , hulica-m=gu ?
Glosses: squirrel-ACC=Q give-PST-2SG fox-ACC=Q
Translation: Did you give (him/her) a squirrel or a fox?
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: etiken i-le hör-re-n ?
Glosses: old.man which-ALL go-NON.FUT-3SG
Translation: Where has the old man gone?
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: ta .wa .r iɛ .k bi-d’i-n ?
Glosses: that what COP-FUT-3SG
Translation: What is it?’ (said in riddles)
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: oldo-ɯ oldo-mi-s=gɯ ?
Glosses: fish-ACC fish-V-2SG=Q
Translation: Do you catch fish?’ (: 30, 28, simplified)
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: kosci-de-ku ?
Glosses: fetch-FUT.IMP-1SG
Translation: Shall I fetch (the reindeer)?
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: adʒịt=ta , ta-la ịh-ha-p e-he-p ?
Glosses: truth=?and that-ALL arrive-NFUT-1PL NEG-NFUT-1PL
Translation: And indeed, we have arrived there, haven’t we?’ (: 171)
Language: Even (English translation)
Transcription: hii=kke e-he-ndi e .re .k kụŋaa-w čọrda-ndị ?
Glosses: 2SG=CONTR NEG-NFUT-2SG this child-ACC beat-2SG
Translation: You beat up this child, didn’t you?’ (: 172)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: tari naan nammu-ŋi bəi=ŋee ?
Glosses: 3SG also PN-GEN man=Q
Translation: Is (s)he also from Nanmu?
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: miin əgdi nin .ut=ŋee unaadʒi=ŋee ?
Glosses: SUPERL old boy=Q girl=Q
Translation: Is your oldest (child) a boy or a girl?’ (: 141, 152)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: ɔlɔ-jɔ pi-xi-n=Ni ?
Glosses: fish-PART COP-PRS-3SG=Q
Translation: Is there any fish?’ (: 307)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: ʃii ɪkʊn dʒaalɪn ə .ləə əmə-tʃə-j ?
Glosses: 2SG what reason here come-PST-2SG
Translation: Why did you come here?’ (: 148)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: tari jabʊ-tʃaa=oo ?
Glosses: 3SG go-PST=Q
Translation: Is (s)he going?’ (: 157)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: əri bajta tədʒəə jooməə , olook jooməə ?
Glosses: this matter real Q false Q
Translation: Is this matter true or false?
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: əri bəjə ʊnaadʒɪ-tʃi jɔɔmaa .gʊʊ , utə-tʃi jooməə .guu ?
Glosses: this person girl-POSS Q boy-POSS Q
Translation: Does he (this man) have a girl or a boy?’ (: 158)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: əri mʊrin aja mʊrin baa ?
Glosses: this horse good horse Q
Translation: This horse is a good one, right?’ (: 157)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: yabu-ʃa haʃi yə-ʃa ?
Glosses: walk-PST or what-PST
Translation: Did you go or what?’ (: 56)
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: nɔɔnin tɔrɔki=jɔ waa-tɕa aaki gujtɕən=jə ?
Glosses: 3SG boar=Q kill-PST or roe.deer=Q
Translation: Did (s)he kill a boar or a roe deer?
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: ɕii i .rə ŋənə-ni=jE ?
Glosses: 2SG where go-2SG=Q
Translation: Where are you going?
Language: Oroqen (English translation)
Transcription: bii umun .nə ŋənə-tɕə-w , unti ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM once go-PST-1SG right
Translation: I have been there once, right?’ (: 123, 126, 131)
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: eri üxür aya=gii ?
Glosses: this ox good=Q
Translation: Is this ox good?
Language: Solon ( translation)
Transcription: ʃi .n-i bəj-ʃi aja=gi , ərʉ=gi ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-GEN body-2SG.POSS good=Q bad=Q
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: sii ii .lee tegeji-ndi ?
Glosses: 2SG where live-PRS.2SG
Translation: Where do you live?
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: ta .ri üli-see baa ?
Glosses: 3SG go-PST Q
Translation: He went, didn’t he?
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: eri si oxon yeeme ?
Glosses: this COP what Q
Translation: What is this?
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: ʃii mʊrın-ʃı bəjə=guu , aaʃın=gʊʊ ?
Glosses: 2SG horse-2SG.POSS man=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Do you have horses or not?’
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: ə̬r uktu ulu-r uktu=ii ?
Glosses: this road walk-PTCP road=Q
Translation: Is this road the road (usually) travelled?
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: baxuu-dže=uu e-dže=uu ?
Glosses: find-PST=Q NEG-PST=Q
Translation: Was it found or not?
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: jam iśi-ndii ?
Glosses: which.one see-PRS.2SG
Translation: What do you see?’ (: 8, 9, modified transcription)
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: ši .n-i enin šamine žu-de bi-si-ɳ=gi ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-GEN mother ?father house-LOC COP-PRS-3=Q
Translation: Are your parents at home (still alive)?
Language: Solon (English translation)
Transcription: jemu gerbi-či ?
Glosses: which name-2SG.POSS
Translation: What is your name?’ (: 1)
Language: Nanai (English translation)
Transcription: noŋan naa .bəjə-ni=ŋuu , naa-nɪ=ʊʊ ?
Glosses: 3SG PN-3SG.POSS=Q PN-3SG.POSS=Q
Translation: Is he a Negidal or a Nanai?
Language: Nanai (English translation)
Transcription: sii saa-s ?
Glosses: 2SG know-2SG
Translation: Do you know?’ (: 80, 65)
Language: Negidal (English translation)
Transcription: ii-ǰə-m=i ?
Glosses: enter-FUT.Q-1SG.Q=Q
Translation: Shall I come in?
Language: Negidal (English translation)
Transcription: eeva iche-ǯa-m ?
Glosses: what see-FUT.Q-1SG.Q
Translation: What will I see?
Language: Negidal (English translation)
Transcription: oǯa-va iche-ǯee-v .
Glosses: track-ACC see-FUT-1SG
Translation: I will see the tracks.’ (: 10)
Language: Negidal (English translation)
Transcription: mozhet bolotkı bi-ǰə-m=ŋu ee-ǰa-m=ŋu ?
Glosses: maybe autumn be-FUT.Q-1SG=Q what-FUT.Q-1SG=Q
Translation: Is it perhaps already autumn or what?
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: uti nii ŋənəə-ni bi bagdəə-mi bua-la ?
Glosses: that man go.PST-3SG 1SG.NOM born.PST-1SG place-LOC
Translation: Has he (the man) gone to my birthplace.
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: Iwana zugdi-du bi-s’e=nu ?
Glosses: Ivan house-LOC COP-PFV=Q
Translation: Is Ivan at home?
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: si bagää-za=nu bi-s’e-i ?
Glosses: 2SG other.side-N-Q COP-PFV-2SG
Translation: Were you on the other side of the river?
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: xeleba bie=nu anči=nu ?
Glosses: bread be.PRS.HAB=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Is there bread or not?’ (: 809, 812)
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: j’e-le ñansule-i ?
Glosses: which-LOC study-2SG
Translation: Where do you study?’ (: 801)
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: xuda=na ?
Glosses: fur=Q
Translation: And what about the fur?’ (: 808)
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: ei=ne j’e .u bäsa-ni ?
Glosses: this=Q what river-3SG
Translation: And what is this river called?’ (: 808)
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: j’e-we xokto-ni , käŋaa-s ogböö-s ?
Glosses: what-ACC footstep-3SG.POSS deer-Q elk-Q
Translation: Whose footsteps are these, a deer’s or an elk’s?
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: iwana sin-du kusige-we bu-ge , e-si-ni bu-oo-s(i)?
Glosses: PN 2SG.OBL-DAT knife-ACC give-PFV neg-PST-3SG give-PST-Q
Translation: Has Ivan given you the knife or not?’ (: 811, 255)
Language: Udihe ( translation)
Transcription: em’e-i , j’e .u ?
Glosses: come.PFV-2SG what
Language: Udihe (English translation)
Transcription: su xulisee-u=nu jaa-u=nu ?
Glosses: 2PL go.PST-2PL=Q what.-2PL=Q
Translation: Did you go, or what?’ (: 811)
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: su ənə-xəi=nə ja-xəi=nə ?
Glosses: 2PL go-PERF=Q what-PERF=Q
Translation: Did you go or what?’ (: 158)
Language: Oroch (English translation)
Transcription: agduči-za-i=nu jaa-za-i=nu ?
Glosses: tell-FUT-1SG=Q what-FUT-1SG=Q
Translation: Should I tell or what?’ (: 98, from Avrorin)
Language: Oroch (English translation)
Transcription: sii čihala-i-si ?
Glosses: 2SG agree-PRS-2SG
Translation: Do you agree?
Language: Oroch (English translation)
Transcription: sii jaa-va xuana-i-si ?
Glosses: 2SG what-acc argue-PRS-2SG
Translation: What do you argue about?
Language: Oroch (English translation)
Transcription: sii amba bi-si=nu ?
Glosses: 2SG evil.spirit COP-PRS=Q
Translation: Are you an evil spirit (the devil)?’ (: 184)
Language: Jurchen (English translation)
Transcription: xali dʑi-dʑu-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: when come-REGR-PRS-2SG
Translation: When do you come back?
Language: Jurchen (English translation)
Transcription: xaoɕi enə-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: where.to go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where do you go?’ (: 82)
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: ali emə-tu-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: when come-REGR-PRS-2SG
Translation: When do you come back?
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: ya-le ene-i-ɕi ?
Glosses: which-ALL go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where do you go?’ (: 82)
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi arki-wə ɔmi-mi bi-ɕi=a ?
Glosses: 2SG alcohol-ACC drink-CVB COP-2SG=Q
Translation: Are you drinking alcohol?
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: ia-lə ənə-ji-ɕi=a ?
Glosses: which-ALL go-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 87f.)
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi əi-wə xəɕi ti-wə gələ-ji-ɕi=a ?
Glosses: 2SG this-ACC or.Q that-ACC ?want-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Do you want this or that?’ (: 45, simplified)
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi adɔqɔli=nə ?
Glosses: 2SG cold=Q
Translation: Are you cold (or not)?
Language: Kilen (English translation)
Transcription: suɾsaɾə=nə talaxa ?
Glosses: tasty=Q grilled.fish
Translation: Is the grilled fish tasty (or not)?’ (: 159)
Language: Nanai (English translation)
Transcription: anda , duman bira goró ?
Glosses: friend PN river far
Translation: Friend, is the Duman river far away?’ (: 14, from Venjukov)
Language: Nanai (English translation)
Transcription: swə aja-so=nu ?
Glosses: 2PL good-2PL.POSS=Q
Translation: Are you all well?
Language: Nanai (English translation)
Transcription: swə sogdata-wa wanda-mari maŋbo-ci=nu namo-ci=nu ənə-i-su ?
Glosses: 2PL fish-ACC take-CVB.PL river-ALL=Q sea-ALL=Q go-PRS-2PL
Translation: Do you go to the river or sea to catch fish?
Language: Nanai (English translation)
Transcription: si xali əusi ɟ̇i-ci-si ?
Glosses: 2SG when here come-PST-2SG
Translation: When did you come here?’ (: 155, 68, 52)
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: lʊča gasa=nʊʊ ?
Glosses: PN village=Q
Translation: (Is it) a Russian village?
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: xasu aňan=nʊʊ , nadan aňan=nʊʊ ňuŋgun aňan=nʊʊ bi-či-ni ?
Glosses: how.many year=Q seven year=Q six year=Q COP-PST-?3SG
Translation: How many years has it been, seven years (or) six years?’ (: 79, 86)
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: saaŋxai , xai .mi soŋg-i ?
Glosses: PN why cry-?PRS
Translation: Sanghai, why are you crying?’ (: 235f.)
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: eri aya ulaa=yi ?
Glosses: this good reindeer=Q
Translation: Is this a good reindeer?
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: ŋui sinda-xa-ni=ga ?
Glosses: who come-PST-3SG=Q
Translation: Who came?
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: khoni bi-si sii ?
Glosses: how COP-PRS 2SG
Translation: How are you?
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: tari nari ŋui=gəə ?
Glosses: that person who=Q
Translation: Who is that person?
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: xai=gəək ?
Glosses: what=Q
Translation: What is (this)?
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: eri xai=ga ?
Glosses: this what=Q
Translation: What is this?
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: hai-wö gade-si=ṅö ?
Glosses: what-ACC buy-2SG=Q
Translation: What do you (want to) buy?
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: xooni to-li-čee ?
Glosses: how do-P.FUT-3PL.Q
Translation: How are they doing?’ (: 192)
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: sii xoo-tai ŋəɲɲee-si , oskoola-tai yyuu , duku-takki yyuu ?
Glosses: 2SG which-DIR go.PRS-2SG school-DIR Q house-DIR.REFL.POSS Q
Translation: Where are you going, are you going to school or to your house?‘
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: sii oskoola-tai ŋəɲɲee-si=yi , duku-takki yyuu ?
Glosses: 2SG school-DIR go.PRS-2SG=Q house-DIR.REFL.POSS Q
Translation: Are you going to school? Or to your house?‘
Language: Orok (English translation)
Transcription: xai-wa dəptu-li-ssee , sundattaa , ulissəə yyuu ?
Glosses: what-ACC eat-FUT-2SG.Q fish.ACC meat.ACC Q
Translation: What will you eat, fish or meat?‘
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: waka-ra-rakū=na ?
Glosses: mistake-V-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will (you) not blame (me) then?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: gene-rakū=ne ?
Glosses: go-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will (you) not go?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: o .jo-rakū=no ?
Glosses: become-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will it not do?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: gisu-re-rakū=nu ?
Glosses: word-V-P.IPFV.NEG=Q
Translation: Will (you) not speak?’ (: 171)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ere gese baita geli bi=ni ?
Glosses: this like matter also COP=Q
Translation: Was there ever anything like this?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ere ai turgun=ni ?
Glosses: this what reason=Q
Translation: What is the reason for this?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: si ere bithe=be hola-ki se-mbi=o ?
Glosses: 2SG this book=ACC read-OPT say-IPFV=Q
Translation: Do you want to read this book?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: geren niyalma-i dorgi fala-ci aca-ra-ngge we-be=o ?
Glosses: all person-GEN inside punish-COND meet-IPFV-N who-ACC=Q
Translation: Who among all men is to be punished?’ (: 131, 133, 140)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: si min-de bu-mbi=o bu-rakū .n ?
Glosses: 2SG 1SG.OBL-DAT give-IPFV=Q give-IPFV.NEG.Q
Translation: Are you going to give it to me, or not?’ (: 67, from the Jinpingmei)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: gebu ali .bu-ha=o akūn ?
Glosses: name submit-P.PVF=Q NEG.Q
Translation: Have (you) enrolled (for the exam) or not?’ (: 28)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ere kemuni tolhin waka=o se-me=o ?
Glosses: this still dream NEG=Q say-CVB.IPFV=Q
Translation: This isn’t a dream or is it?’ (: 87, 104, 131)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ere sain akū=nio ?
Glosses: this good NEX=Q
Translation: Isn’t this good?’ (: 134)
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: ʂi guldʐa-ji nan=na ?
Glosses: 2SG PN-GEN person=Q
Translation: Are you from Yining?
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: ʂi evʂi=jə ?
Glosses: 2SG how=?Q
Translation: How are you?
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: tʂəhsə avqa-ji arvun evʂi ?
Glosses: yesterday sky-GEN form how
Translation: How was the weather yesterday?’ (: 207, 280, 277)
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: ə .r mi .n dʐaq=na , ʂi .n dʐaq=na ?
Glosses: this 1SG.GEN thing=Q 2SG.GEN thing=Q
Translation: Is this mine or yours?
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: so .n tə .va morin gum ambu ba ?
Glosses: 2PL.GEN there horse all big Q
Translation: In your place all horses are big, aren’t they?’ (: 49, 95)
Language: Sibe ( translation)
Transcription: tə-s ɢanbi ʂi .n-i-ŋə vaq , məndʐaŋ=ba ?
Glosses: that-PL pencil 2SG.OBL-GEN-N NEG right=Q
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: tə .r əm nan siv , məndʐaŋ=na ?
Glosses: that one man teacher right=Q
Translation: That one is a teacher, right?
Language: Sibe (English translation)
Transcription: ʂi mi .ni-d utʂi-v li-maq ʂinda , o-m=na ?
Glosses: 2SG 1SG.OBL-DAT door-ACC open-CVB.PFV stay[IMP] be-IPFV=Q
Translation: Hold the door open for me, will you?’ (: 91, 102, 343)
Language: Sibe ( translation)
Transcription: mi .n-i gała-ci tuči-mbü ?
Glosses: 1SG.OBL-GEN hand-ABL come.out-IPFV.Q
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɯr baiti-bɯ dɔndʑi-γ=nɔ ?
Glosses: this matter-ACC hear-P.PFV=Q
Translation: Did you hear about this matter?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ .lɯ ai dʐaqxa=ni ?
Glosses: this what thing=Q
Translation: What (kind of thing) is this?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ai gɯvvɯ ?
Glosses: what name
Translation: What (is your) name?’ (: 300, 296, 55)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi qaŋqxɣ-ʁɣ ba ?
Glosses: 2SG be.thirsty-P.PFV Q
Translation: You must be thirsty, right?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: najnaj čičikal=dili ǰi-xə-niŋŋə haishi xaəlbin=dili ǰi-xə-niŋŋə ?
Glosses: grandmother PN=ABL come-P.PFV-N or.Q PN=ABL come-P.PFV-N
Translation: Is your grandmother from Qiqihar or from Harbin?’ (: 214)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: pi putA tʂə-mi=no ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM food eat-IPFV=Q
Translation: (Can) I eat the food?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɕiɕk‘ə və tɕi-ɣə ?
Glosses: yesterday who come-P.PFV
Translation: Who came yesterday?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi tɕi-mi xɛʂʅ pi kənə-mi ?
Glosses: 2SG come-IPFV or 1SG go-IPFV
Translation: Do you come or do I go?’ (: 164, 184, 188)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: so kəm tɕi-ɣə mA ?
Glosses: 2PL all come-P.PFV Q
Translation: Have you all come?’(: 154)
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi mandʐo gisun baʁa .na-m=no ?
Glosses: 2SG Manchu language be.able-IPFV=Q
Translation: Can you speak Manchu?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɛ-bəri jov-ʁa ?
Glosses: what-DIR go-P.PFV
Translation: Where did (she) go?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: anə gəl mɛri-m dʑi-ɣə=je ?
Glosses: why again return-CVB.IPFV come-P.PFV=?Q
Translation: Why have you come back again?
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: bi agə-dərə gəm adʑigən , ino vaqa=ba ?
Glosses: 1SG.NOM e.brother-ABL all little correct wrong=Q
Translation: I’m smaller than all (my elder) brothers, isn’t that right?’ (: 236)
Language: Bala ( translation)
Transcription: ɕi .n nianli ai-və-t‘ bi=ɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG.GEN washing.hammer what-place-LOC COP=Q
Language: Manchu (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi .n-i nijandʒ‘a .k‘u ai-ba-de bi-x=ɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG.OBL-GEN washing.hammer what-place-LOC COP-PFV=Q
Translation: Where is your washing hammer?’ (: 25)
Language: Bala ( translation)
Transcription: ɕi ənə=ŋɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG go=Q
Language: Bala (English translation)
Transcription: ɕi .n amin=ŋɔ ?
Glosses: 2SG.GEN father=Q
Translation: Is it your father?’ (: 31)
Language: Evenki (English translation)
Transcription: aŋii aŋii-βa aŋii-ǯa-ra-n ?
Glosses: INT INT-ACC INT-IPFV-PRS-3SG
Translation: Who is doing what?’ (: 26)
Language: Turkish (English translation)
Transcription: Nermin okul-a git-miş=mı ?
Glosses: PN school-DAT go-PFV.EV=Q
Translation: Has Nermin gone to school?
Language: Turkish (English translation)
Transcription: Nermin okul-a=mı git-miş ?
Glosses: PN school-DAT=Q go-PFV.EV
Translation: Has Nermin gone to school?
Language: Turkish (English translation)
Transcription: Cemal okul-a git-ti=mi , (yoksa) git-me-de=mi ?
Glosses: PN school-DAT go-PFV=Q (or) go-NEG-PFV=Q
Translation: Did Cemal go to school or not?
Language: Turkish (English translation)
Transcription: Ev-e ne zaman gid-ecek-sin ?
Glosses: home-DAT what time go-FUT-2SG
Translation: When will you be going home?’ (: 257, 254, 259)
Language: Turkish (English translation)
Transcription: Cemal bugün okul-a git-me-di , değil mi ?
Glosses: PN today school-DAT go-NEG-PFV NEG Q
Translation: Cemal didn’t go to school today, did(n’t) he?
Language: Turkish (English translation)
Transcription: Esra Handan-ın abla-sı-ymış , öyle mi ?
Glosses: PN PN-GEN elder.sister-3SG.POSS-EV.COP so Q
Translation: So Esra is Handan’s elder sister, right?’ (: 253)
Language: Salar (English translation)
Transcription: sen aʃ iʃ-dʒi=mu ?
Glosses: 2SG noodle drink-PST.DEF=Q
Translation: Have you eaten (yet)?
Language: Salar (English translation)
Transcription: u ge(l)-miʃ=u ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PST.INDEF=Q
Translation: Has (s)he come?’ (: 90, 91)
Language: Salar (English translation)
Transcription: ana , sen ɢala va(r)-ʁur-i ?
Glosses: girl 2SG whither go-FUT-Q
Translation: Miss, where are you going?’ (: 116)
Language: Salar (English translation)
Transcription: sen naŋ-a vulə gel-dʒi ?
Glosses: 2SG what-DAT for come-PST.DEF
Translation: Why have you come?’ (: 86)
Language: Salar (English translation)
Transcription: sen iʃ-du ?
Glosses: 2SG drink-Q.SELF.EV
Translation: (I see that) you have finished drinking?’ (: 71)
Language: Salar (English translation)
Transcription: u si-(niɣi) gaga-ŋ ira ba ?
Glosses: 3SG 2SG-(GEN) e.brother-?2SG.POSS COP Q
Translation: This is your elder brother, right?’ (: 84)
Language: Tatar (English translation)
Transcription: sɨn qajsə-sə-n ala-səŋ ?
Glosses: 2SG which-3SG.POSS-ACC want-2SG
Translation: Which one do you want?
Language: Tatar (English translation)
Transcription: ismɛʁil abzɨj tyrkijɛ-gɛ bar-ma-ʁan=mə ?
Glosses: PN uncle PN-DAT go-NEG-PTCP.PST=Q
Translation: Has uncle Ismeril (younger brother of the father) never been to Turkey?
Language: Tatar (English translation)
Transcription: sɨz ɨlgɛrɨ χaləq bartʃasə-ʁa bar-ʁan i-di-gɨz=mɨ ?
Glosses: 2SG.POL before people park-DAT go-PTCP.PST COP-PST-2SG.POL=Q
Translation: Have you been to the People’s Park before?’ : 147, 111)
Language: Tatar ( translation)
Transcription: zäkiyä kil-de=me ?
Glosses: PN come-PST=Q
Language: Tatar (English translation)
Transcription: närsä bar ?
Glosses: what COP
Translation: What is it?
Language: Tatar (English translation)
Transcription: kičä sez-gä kem kil-de ?
Glosses: yesterday 2PL-DAT who come-PST
Translation: Who came to you yesterday?
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: aʁan da bar-də=ma ?
Glosses: e.brother also go-PST=Q
Translation: Did your elder brother go as well?’ (: 119)
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: ol oqə .wʃə=ma , oqə .t .əwʃə=ma ?
Glosses: 3SG student=Q teacher=Q
Translation: Is (s)he a student or a teacher?
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: olar ʃaqər-ma-də=ma ælde bar-ʁəŋ kel-me-di=me ?
Glosses: 3PL call-NEG-PST=Q or.Q go-PST.PFV come-NEG-PST=Q
Translation: Didn’t they call you or did you (simply) not come?’ (: 99, 104)
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: ol kel-e=me , kel-me-j=me ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PRS=Q come-NEG-PRS=Q
Translation: Does (s)he come or not?
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: sarə-maj-də dʒaqsə kør-e-siŋ=be dʒoq ?
Glosses: yellow-oil-DAT good see-PRS-2SG=Q NEG
Translation: Do you like butter?’ (: 104)
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: ornija orïr-a-sïŋ=ba , orïr-ma-y-sïŋ=ba ?
Glosses: place sit-PRS-2SG=Q sit-NEG-PRS-2SG=Q
Translation: Are you going to sit down at your place or not?
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: ornija orïr-a-sïŋ=ba , žoq=pa ?
Glosses: place sit-PRS-2SG=Q NEG=Q
Translation: Are you going to sit down at your place or not?
Language: Kazakh ( translation)
Transcription: nurbek-sɨŋ=ba ?
Glosses: PN-2SG=Q
Language: Kazakh ( translation)
Transcription: nurbek-pɨ-sɨŋ ?
Glosses: PN-Q-2SG
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: sɨz qajda bar-a-sɨz ?
Glosses: 2SG.POL where go-PRS-2SG.POL
Translation: Where do you go?’ (: 68)
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: omar=ʃe ?
Glosses: PN=Q
Translation: What about Omar?’ (: 121)
Language: Kazakh (English translation)
Transcription: munə saʁan kɨm ajtə-p ber-dɨ , æ ?
Glosses: this 2SG who tell-CVB give-PST Q
Translation: Who told you that, eh?’ (: 131)
Language: Kirghiz (English translation)
Transcription: al kel-e=bi ?
Glosses: 3SG come-PRS=Q
Translation: Is (s)he coming?
Language: Kirghiz (English translation)
Transcription: bul kitep=pi ?
Glosses: this book=Q
Translation: Is this a book?’ (: 89)
Language: Kirghiz ( translation)
Transcription: kel-e-sing=bü ?
Glosses: go-PRS-2SG=Q
Language: Kirghiz ( translation)
Transcription: kel-e-bi-sin ?
Glosses: go-PRS-Q-2SG
Language: Kirghiz (English translation)
Transcription: qaijda bar-a-səŋ ?
Glosses: whither go-PRS-2SG
Translation: Where are you going?’ (: 174)
Language: Kirghiz (English translation)
Transcription: men bar-a-mən , siz=tʃi ?
Glosses: 1SG go-PRS-1SG 2SG=Q
Translation: I have to go, what about you?’ (: 155)
Language: Kirghiz (English translation)
Transcription: al qərʁəz beken ?
Glosses: 3SG PN Q
Translation: Isn’t he Kyrgyz?
Language: Tatar (English translation)
Transcription: al tatar bejim ?
Glosses: 3SG PN Q
Translation: (S)he apparently is Tatar, right?’ (: 155, 156)
Language: Uighur (English translation)
Transcription: qel-ding=mu ?
Glosses: do-PST=Q
Translation: Did you do?
Language: Uighur ( translation)
Transcription: qel-a-m-san ?
Glosses: do-NPST-Q-2SG
Language: Uighur ( translation)
Transcription: ätä kel-äl-ä-m-siz ?
Glosses: tomorrow come-ABIL-NPST-Q-2SG.POL
Language: Uighur ( translation)
Transcription: sän tapšuruq-ni išlä-p bol-duŋ=mu ?
Glosses: 2SG homework-ACC make-CVB aux-PST.2SG=Q
Language: Uighur (English translation)
Transcription: bayiqi gäp-ni aŋli-mi-diŋ=ma ?
Glosses: just.now talk-ACC hear-NEG-PST=Q
Translation: Didn’t you hear what was just said?’ (: 367)
Language: Uighur (English translation)
Transcription: nima bâr ?
Glosses: what exist
Translation: What is there?
Language: Uighur (English translation)
Transcription: bu nemä ?
Glosses: this what
Translation: What is this?’ (: 367)