lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-mo-ĩ porã ta okẽ o-pẽ-gue .
Glosses: A1.SG-CAUS-be good PROSP door A3-break-RES
Translation: I am going to fix the broken door.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: João o-mo-pẽ okẽ .
Glosses: João A3-CAUS-break door
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *A-mo-ĩ porã ta okẽ o-mo-pẽ-gue .
Glosses: A1.SG-CAUS-be good PROSP door A3-CAUS-break-RES
Translation: Intended: ‘I am going to fix the broken door.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *A-mo-ĩ porã ta okẽ o-nhe-mo-pẽ-gue .
Glosses: A1.SG-CAUS-be good PROSP door A3-PASS-CAUS-break-RES
Translation: Intended: ‘I am going to fix the broken door.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-nhe-mo-pẽ .
Glosses: door A3-PASS-CAUS-break
Translation: The door was broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-j-aty jaixa .
Glosses: A1.SG-B3-bury paca
Translation: I buried the paca.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Jagua o-jou jaixa (j)-aty-kue .
Glosses: dog A3-find paca B3-bury-RES
Translation: Intended: ‘The dog found the buried paca.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Jagua o-jou jaixa o-je-aty-kue .
Glosses: dog A3-find paca A3-PASS-bury-RES
Translation: Intended: ‘The dog found the buried paca.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Tatu o-je-aty .
Glosses: tatu A3-REFL-bury
Translation: The tatu buried itself.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-exa .
Glosses: A1.SG-see
Translation: I saw her/him/them/it.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Xe-r-exa .
Glosses: B1.SG-R-see
Translation: She/he/they/it saw me’ or ‘You saw me.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Xo’o o-jy-kue .
Glosses: meat A3-cook-RES
Translation: The meat is cooked.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Xe-po i-ruru-kue .
Glosses: B1.SG-hand B3-swell-RES
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: João o-mo-mbiru kamixa .
Glosses: João A3-CAUS-dry shirt
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Anguja o-nha .
Glosses: rat A3-run
Translation: The rat was running.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ava o-mo-nha anguja .
Glosses: man A3-CAUS-run rat
Translation: The man made the rat run.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: João o-juka jaixa .
Glosses: João A3-kill paca
Translation: João killed the paca.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Jaixa o-juka .
Glosses: paca A3-kill
Translation: She/he/they/it killed the paca.’ (Not: ‘#The paca died.’)
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: João o-j-aya o-po .
Glosses: João A3-B3-cut 3.POSS-hand
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: O-po o-*(j)-aya .
Glosses: 3.POSS-hand A3-B3-cut
Translation: She/he/they/it cut his/her/their hand(s).’ (Not: ‘#Her/his/their hand(s) got cut.’)
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: João o-je-juka .
Glosses: João A3-REFL-kill
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kamixa i-piru reve’i va’eri , avave n-o-mo-mbiru-i .
Glosses: shirt B3-dry quickly although nobody NEG-A3-CAUS-dry-NEG
Translation: Although the shirt dried quickly, nobody dried it.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: (#Kamixa o-nhe-mo-mbiru reve’i va’eri), avave n-o-mo-mbiru-i .
Glosses: shirt 3-PASS-CAUS-dry quickly although nobody NEG-A3-CAUS-dry-NEG
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-pẽ va’eri , avave n-o-mo-pẽ-i .
Glosses: door A3-break although nobody NEG-A3-CAUS-break-NEG
Translation: Although the door broke, nobody broke it.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (#Okẽ o-nhe-mo-pẽ va’eri), avave n-o-mo-pẽ-i .
Glosses: door A3-PASS-CAUS-break although nobody NEG-A3-CAUS-break-NEG
Translation: Comment: “It sounds like you said someone broke it, but then your corrected yourself.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: João o-mo-pẽ okẽ yvyra py .
Glosses: João A3-CAUS-break door wood with
Translation: João broke the door with a stick.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-pẽ (*yvyra py).
Glosses: door A3-break wood with
Translation: Comment: “You need someone to use the stick.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-nhe-mo-pẽ yvyra py .
Glosses: door A3-CAUS-break wood with
Translation: The door was broken with a stick.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ava-kue o-mo-yxyĩ tape maquina py .
Glosses: man-PL A3-CAUS-smooth path machine with
Translation: The men smoothed out the road with a machine.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Tape h-yxyĩ (*maquina py).
Glosses: path B3-smooth machine with
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Tape o-nhe-mo-yxyĩ maquina py .
Glosses: path A3-PASS-CAUS-smooth machine with
Translation: The road was smoothed out with a machine.
Language: French (English translation)
Transcription: La porte s’est cassée , mais personne ne l’a cassée .
Glosses: the door SE=is broken but nobody NEG it=has broken
Translation: The door broke, but nobody broke it.
Language: French ( translation)
Transcription: La porte s’est cassée (*avec un bâton).
Glosses: the door SE=is broken with a stick
Language: French ( translation)
Transcription: La porte s’est cassée (*par Jean).
Glosses: the door SE=is broken by Jean
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-i-peju atã tata .
Glosses: A1.SG-B3-blow strong fire
Translation: I blew on the fire with strength.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Yvytu o-i-peju yvyra re .
Glosses: wind A3-B3-blow tree OBL
Translation: The wind blew on the tree.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: O-ẽ o-vy .
Glosses: A3-go.up A3-go
Translation: He kept going up.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: O-ẽ yvy’ã .
Glosses: A3-go.up mountain
Translation: He went up the mountain.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Yvytu o-i-peju atã .
Glosses: wind A3-B3-blow strong
Translation: The wind blew strongly.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-pẽ-gue .
Glosses: door A3-break-RES
Translation: The door is broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kova’e kumanda h-aguino-gue .
Glosses: this bean B3-spoil-RES
Translation: These beans are spoiled.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ha’u-xe xo’o o-xyryry-kue .
Glosses: A1.SG.eat-DES meat A3-fry-RES
Translation: I want to eat fried meat.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-i-poru ta kova’e cable xo-gue .
Glosses: A1.SG-B3-use PROSP this cable tear-RES
Translation: I am going to use this torn cable.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Kunumi o-guata-kue i-kane’õ .
Glosses: boy A3-walk-RES B3-tired
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-mo-ĩ axuka ka’ay py , ha’e he’ẽ reve’i .
Glosses: A1.SG-CAUS-be sugar mate in and sweet quickly
Translation: I put sugar in the mate, and it got sweet quickly.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?A-ka’ay-’u-xe ka’ay he’ẽ-gue .
Glosses: A1.SG-mate-drink-DES mate sweet-RES
Translation: Intended: ‘I want to drink sweetened mate.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: A-jo-gua ao monda-kue .
Glosses: A1.SG-TR-buy clothes steal-RES
Translation: I bought stolen clothes.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kyxe re i-monda .
Glosses: knife ABL B3-steal
Translation: He stole the knife.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Xe-r-embireko-kue o-menda xe-irũ r-eve .
Glosses: B1.SG-R-wife-PAST A3-marry B1.SG-friend R-with
Translation: My ex-wife married my friend.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: João o-o Argentina py .
Glosses: João A3-go Argentina to
Language: Czech ( translation)
Transcription: *João o-o-kue Argentina py .
Glosses: João A3-go-PAST Argentina to
Language: Czech ( translation)
Transcription: João o-o va’e-kue Argentina py .
Glosses: João A3-go NMLZ-PAST Argentina to
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Para o-j-apo kamixa tuixa .
Glosses: Para A3-B3-make shirt large
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: #Para o-j-apo kamixa (o)-xoro-gue .
Glosses: Para A3-B3-make shirt A3-tear-RES
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: João o-j-apo okẽ r-atã .
Glosses: João A3-B3-make door R-hard
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #João o-j-apo okẽ (o)-pẽ-gue .
Glosses: João A3-B3-make door A3-break-RES
Translation: Consultant’s comment: “The door can only be broken after it’s been made.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Die Geisslein sind immer noch versteckt .
Glosses: the little_goats are always still hidden
Translation: The little goats are still hidden.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Das Theorem ist (*immer noch) bewiesen .
Glosses: the theorem is (*always still) proven
Translation: *The theorem is still proven.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-pẽ-gue teri .
Glosses: door A3-break-RES still
Translation: The door is still broken.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Xe-ao akỹ-gue teri .
Glosses: B1.SG-clothes wet-RES still
Translation: My clothes are still wet.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Xe-po i-ruru-kue teri .
Glosses: B1.SG-hand B3-swell-RES still
Translation: My hand is still swollen.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: #Xo’o o-jy-kue teri .
Glosses: meat A3-cook-RES still
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: #Jety xyryry-kue teri .
Glosses: potato fry-RES still
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Okẽ o-nhe-mo-pẽ yvyra py .
Glosses: door A3-PASS-CAUS-break wood with
Translation: The door was broken with a piece of wood.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Okẽ o-pẽ yvyra py .
Glosses: door A3-break wood with
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Okẽ o-pẽ-gue yvyra py .
Glosses: door A3-break-RES wood with
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Tape h-yxyĩ maquina py .
Glosses: path B3-smooth machine with
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Tape h-yxyĩ-gue maquina py .
Glosses: path B3-smooth-RES machine with
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Die Reifen sind immer noch aufgepumpt .
Glosses: the tires are always still pumped_up
Translation: The tires are still pumped-up.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Das Gebäude ist immer noch geräumt .
Glosses: the building is always still evacuated
Translation: The building is still evacuated.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Der Deckel ist immer noch abgeschraubt .
Glosses: the lid is always still screwed_off
Translation: The lid is still screwed off.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Die Ausfahrt ist immer noch versperrt .
Glosses: the driveway is always still obstructed
Translation: The driveway is still obstructed.’14
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: *Die Reifen pumpten auf .
Glosses: the tires pumped up
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: *Das Gebäude evakuierte .
Glosses: the building evacuated
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: *Der Deckel schraubte ab .
Glosses: the lid screwed off
Language: German ( translation)
Transcription: *Die Ausfahrt versperrte .
Glosses: the driveway obstructed
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: Die Reifen pumpten sich auf .
Glosses: the tires pump REFL up
Translation: The tires pumped themselves up.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: ?Das Gebäude evakuierte sich .
Glosses: the building evacuated REFL
Translation: The building evacuated itself.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: ?Der Deckel schraubte sich ab .
Glosses: the lid screw REFL off
Translation: The lid screwed itself off.
Language: German (English translation)
Transcription: ?Die Ausfahrt versperrte sich .
Glosses: the driveway obstructed REFL
Translation: The driveway obstructed itself.
Language: Greek ( translation)
Transcription: To vivlio mu ine (*akomi) grameno .
Glosses: the book my is (*still) written
Language: Greek ( translation)
Transcription: O kiklos ine (*akomi) sxediasmenos .
Glosses: the circle is (*still) drawn
Language: Greek ( translation)
Transcription: ?To ktirio ine akoma ekenomeno .
Glosses: the building is still evacuated
Language: Greek ( translation)
Transcription: ?To kapaki ine akoma ksevidomeno .
Glosses: the lid is still screwed_off
Language: Greek ( translation)
Transcription: O dromos ine akoma mplokarismenos .
Glosses: the driveway is still blocked
Language: Paraguayan Guaraní (English translation)
Transcription: (Nde) che=mbo-jahu .
Glosses: you 1SG.OBJ=TR-bathe
Translation: You bathe me.
Language: Paraguayan Guaraní (English translation)
Transcription: Nde re-johéi che rova (ky’a).
Glosses: you 2SG-wash 1POSS face dirty
Translation: You wash my (dirty) face.
Language: Paraguayan Guaraní (English translation)
Transcription: Nde che=rova (jo)héi .
Glosses: you 1POSS=face wash
Translation: You wash my face.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kyxe re xe-monda .
Glosses: knife ABL B1-steal
Translation: I stole the knife.
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Segodnja reka spokojna .
Glosses: today river calm.SFORM
Translation: Today the river is calm.
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: Ivan byl goloden .
Glosses: Ivan was hungry.SFORM
Translation: Ivan was hungry.
Language: Irish (English translation)
Transcription: Tá sé ar meisce .
Glosses: BI 3SGM.NOM in drunk
Translation: He is drunk.
Language: Irish (English translation)
Transcription: Tá sé cliste .
Glosses: BI 3SGM.NOM clever
Translation: He is clever.
Language: Irish (English translation)
Transcription: Is dochtúir é .
Glosses: COP doctor 3SGM.ACC
Translation: He is a doctor.
Language: Irish ( translation)
Transcription: Is é Seán an dochtúir .
Glosses: COP 3SGM.ACC Seán the doctor
Language: Irish ( translation)
Transcription: Ba dhochtúir Seán .
Glosses: COP.PST doctor Seán
Language: Irish ( translation)
Transcription: Bhí Seán ina dhochtúir .
Glosses: BI.PST Seán in.3SGM doctor
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Obama es/*está (el) presidente desde el 2009 .
Glosses: Obama is(SER)/is(ESTAR) (DEF) president since DEF 2009
Translation: Obama has been (the) president since 2009.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Obama está/*es de presidente desde el 2009 .
Glosses: Obama is(ESTAR)/is(SER) of president since DEF 2009
Translation: Obama has been in the role of/acting as president since 2009.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Alejandro es agradable / está agradable .
Glosses: Alejandro is(SER) pleasant / is(ESTAR) pleasant
Translation: Alejandro is pleasant/is being pleasant (today).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Los libr-os están/*son en el estante .
Glosses: DEF.PLM book-PLM are(ESTAR)/*are(SER) on DEF shelf
Translation: The books are on the shelf.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Mi hermano está/*es en Buenos Aires .
Glosses: my brother is(ESTAR)/*is(SER) in Buenos Aires
Translation: My brother is in Buenos Aires.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: l-bornayṭa ∅/*hiyye meškle/ħəlw-e/b-l-bēt
Glosses: DEF-hat.SGF ∅/COP.3SGF problem.SGF/nice-SGF/in-DEF-house
Translation: The hat is a problem/nice/at home.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: l-bornayṭa kēn-it meškle/ħəlw-e/b-l-bēt
Glosses: DEF-hat.SGF be.PFV-3SGF problem.SGF/nice-SGF/in-DEF-house
Translation: The hat was a problem/nice/at home.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: Amal Alamuddin ?*∅/hiyye Amal Clooney
Glosses: Amal Alamuddin ∅/COP.3SGF Amal Clooney
Translation: Amal Alamuddin is Amal Clooney.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: Amal Alamuddin kēn-it Amal Clooney
Glosses: Amal Alamuddin be.PFV-3SGF Amal Clooney
Translation: Amal Alamuddin was Amal Clooney.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: Sami ∅/kēn/huwwe mudīr l-madrase
Glosses: Sami ∅/be.PFV.3SGM/COP.3SGM director.SGM DEF-school
Translation: Sami was/is the director of the school.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: hayde ∅/kēn-it/hiyye Amal Alamuddin
Glosses: DEM.SGF ∅/be.PFV-SGF/COP.3SGF Amal Alamuddin
Translation: This is/was Amal Alamuddin.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Albert kien marid .
Glosses: Albert be.PFV.3SGM sick.SGM
Translation: Albert was sick.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Ġanni l-ħabs .
Glosses: Ġanni DEF-prison
Translation: John is in prison.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Il-vapur qiegħed il-port .
Glosses: DEF-ship.SGM BE.SGM DEF-port
Translation: The ship is in the harbour.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: It-tifel j-i-n-sab id-dar .
Glosses: DEF-boy.SGM 3M-EPENT.VWL-PASS-find.IPFV.SG DEF-house
Translation: The boy is at home.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: ?L-istudent il-ħanut .
Glosses: DEF-student.SGM DEF-shop
Translation: The student is in the shop.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: ?Il-qassis il-ġnien .
Glosses: DEF-priest DEF-garden
Translation: The priest is in the garden.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Iċ-ċacetta ∅/qiegħd-a fil-kexxun .
Glosses: DEF-key.SGF ∅/BE-SGF in.DEF-drawer
Translation: The key is in the drawer.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Malta ∅/qiegħd-a/*hija f’nofs il-Baħar Mediterran .
Glosses: Malta.SGF ∅/BE-SGF/COP.3SGF in.middle DEF-sea.SGM Mediterranean.SGM
Translation: Malta is in the middle of the Mediterranean sea.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Omm-i ∅/qiegħd-a/*hija d-dar .
Glosses: mother-1SG.GEN ∅/BE-SGF/COP.3SGF DEF-house
Translation: My mother is at home.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Il-ġiżimina ∅/hi(ja) fjura .
Glosses: DEF-jasmine.SGF ∅/COP.3SGF flower.SGF
Translation: Jasmines are flowers.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Pietru ∅/qiegħed l-eżaminatur .
Glosses: Peter ∅/BE.SGM DEF-examiner.SGM
Translation: Peter is the examiner.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: *Malta qiegħd-a gżira .
Glosses: Malta.SGF BE-SGF island.SGF
Translation: (‘Malta is an island.’)
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Min minn-hom hija Marija ?
Glosses: who.3SGM from-3PL.GEN COP.3SGF Mary
Translation: Which of them is Mary?
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: Min minn-hom qed Marija (fil-pley)?
Glosses: who.3SGM from-3PL.GEN BE.SGM Mary in.DEF-play
Translation: Which of them is (acting out the role of) Mary (in the play)?
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: It-tifel ∅/hu(wa)/qiegħed kwiet .
Glosses: DEF-boy ∅/COP.3SGM/BE.SGM quiet.SGM
Translation: The boy is quiet/being quiet.
Language: Maltese (English translation)
Transcription: L-arblu ∅/hu(wa)/*qiegħed qasir .
Glosses: DEF-pole.SGM ∅/COP.3SGM/BE.SGM short.SGM
Translation: The pole is short.
Language: Libyan Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: hūwa lāgi l-žəww mlīħ fa gāʕəd ɣādi
Glosses: he find.ACT.PTCP.SGM DEF-ambience.SGM good.SGM so stay.ACT.PTCP.SGM there
Translation: Il trouve qu’il y a une bonne ambiance, alors il reste là-bas.’ ‘He found that the ambience is good, so he is staying there.
Language: Libyan Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: mūš lāzəm n-ži ɣudwa ʕlē-xāṭər hūwa mūš gāʕəd !
Glosses: NEG must 1-come.IPFV.SG tomorrow because he NEG stay.ACT.PTCP.SGM
Translation: Je ne dois pas venir demain parce qu’il ne sera pas là!’ ‘I don’t have to come tomorrow because he will not be (there)!
Language: Libyan Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: gāʕəd ɣādi
Glosses: BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM there
Translation: Il est là-bas.’ ‘He is over there.
Language: Libyan Arabic ( translation)
Transcription: ʕədnān gāʕəd bərra l-fətra hād-i
Glosses: Adnan BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM abroad DEF-moment.SGF DEM-SGF
Language: Libyan Arabic ( translation)
Transcription: gaʕd-īn f-əl-ħōš əl-yōm ?
Glosses: BE.ACT.PTCP-PL in-DEF-house DEF-day
Language: Libyan Arabic ( translation)
Transcription: ħdā-mən gāʕəd ?
Glosses: near-who BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM
Language: Libyan Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: āne gāʕəd bla xədma
Glosses: I BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM without work
Translation: Je suis sans travail.’ ‘I am without work.
Language: Libyan Arabic ( translation)
Transcription: ɛlē-ma ṣəllħ-u fi-h gāʕəd šəkl-a zēy əz-zəbb !
Glosses: as much as repair.PFV.3-PL in-3SGM.GEN BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM appearance.SGM-3SGM.GEN like DEF-dick
Language: Libyan Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: ʕədnān ʕamr-a mā sāfar , bas tawwa gāʕid bərra
Glosses: Adnan life-3SGM.GEN NEG travel.PFV.3SGM but now BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM abroad
Translation: Adnan has never travelled before, but now/at the moment he is abroad.
Language: Libyan Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: kin-t dīma na-xdim bas tawwa gāʕid blā xidma
Glosses: be.PFV-1SG always 1-work.IPFV.SG but now BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM without work
Translation: I used to always work, but I am now without work.
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: mūsa gāʕid
Glosses: Moussa be present.ACT.PTCP.SGM
Translation: Moussa is (there)/exists.
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: al-ʔūtel gāʕid ɣārib
Glosses: DEF-hotel.SGM BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM West
Translation: The hotel is towards the West.
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: ta-ʕrafa wēn as-sūq gāʕid ?
Glosses: 2SG-know.IPFV where DEF-market.SGM BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM
Translation: Do you know where the market is?’16
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: zamān l-ekōl gāʕid fi wēn ?
Glosses: PST DEF-school.SGM BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM in where
Translation: Where was the school?
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: mā gāʕid fi ǰēb-i
Glosses: NEG BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM in pocket-1SG.GEN
Translation: It is not in my pocket.
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: ar-ruħ hana ar-rabb gāʕid fōg-i
Glosses: DEF-spirit.SGM of/GEN.MRKR DEF-Lord BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM on-1SG.GEN
Translation: The spirit of the Lord is upon me.’ Luke, 4: 18
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: al-mūzē ∅ fi ʔīd-ak az-zēnāy
Glosses: DEF-museum ∅ in hand.SGM-2SG.GEN DEF-left.SGM
Translation: The museum is to your left.
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: wēn ∅ is-sūq/bēt-ek/ʔint ?
Glosses: where ∅ DEF-market/house-2SG.GEN/you
Translation: Where is the market/your house?’ / ‘Where are you?
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: human min wēn ?
Glosses: they from where
Translation: Where are they from?
Language: Chadian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: ʔana min tšād walākin zamān musāfir
Glosses: I from Chad CONJ.but long time travel.ACT.PTCP.SGM
Translation: I am from Chad but have been abroad for a long time.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: in-niswān kāʕd-at barra
Glosses: DEF-woman.PL sit.ACT.PTCP-PLF outside
Translation: The women are sitting outside.’ ‘The women are outside.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: has-sammāk alliy gāʕid ʕala ǰanb al-baħar
Glosses: DEM.DEF-fisherman who BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM on side DEF-sea
Translation: this fisherman who is by the sea
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: makkā (kāʕd-i) fis-saʕwdiya
Glosses: Mecca.SGF BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF in.DEF-Saudi Arabia
Translation: Mecca is in Saudi Arabia.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: ʔingiltra (kāʕd-i) fi ɣarb ʔurubba
Glosses: England.SGF BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF in West Europe
Translation: England is in the West of Europe.
Language: Levantine Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: makkā (miš) kāʕd-i (miš) fil-baħar il-ʔabyad il-mitwassit
Glosses: Mecca.SGF NEG BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF NEG in.DEF-sea.SGM DEF-white.SGM DEF-middle.SGM
Translation: Mecca is not in the Mediterranean Sea.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: al-marra ti-y ʕinda-na niswān gāʕid-īn hinī
Glosses: DEF-woman 3SGF-come.IPFV with-1PL.GEN women sit.ACT.PTCP-PL here
Translation: The woman comes to us, the women are sitting here.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: y-ṣarx-ūn maʕa baʕaḍ wu-hma gāʕd-īn ʕala al-qanafa
Glosses: 3-shout.IPFV-PL with each other CONJ-3PL.NOM sit.ACT.PTCP-PL on DEF-sofa
Translation: They shout at one another while they are sitting on the sofa.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: niħna mā ğī-na al-baħar ʕašān ni-fḍal gāʕd-īn
Glosses: we NEG come.PFV-1PL DEF-beach in order to 1PL-remain.IPFV sit.ACT.PTCP-PL
Translation: We did not come to the beach to remain sitting.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ʕādi kull wāħid gāʕid b-bēt-uh wa ma le-h šuɣl ṯāni
Glosses: normal all one.SGM sit.ACT.PTCP.SGM in-house-3SGM.GEN and NEG have-3SGM.GEN job.SGM other.SGM
Translation: It’s normal, everyone is staying in his house, having no other job.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ʔana illi gāʕd-a fī al-bēt li-ṭ-ṭabīx w an-nafīx
Glosses: I COMP sit.ACT.PTCP-SGF at DEF-house for-DEF-cook.MSD and DEF-blow.MSD
Translation: I am the one who remains at home for cooking and blowing (the fire).
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ʔana (gāʕd-a) fil-mūl
Glosses: I BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF in.DEF-mall
Translation: I am at the mall.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: li-sħūn (gāʕd-a) ğiddām-ik
Glosses: DEF-plate.PL BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF in front-2SGM.GEN
Translation: The plates are in front of you.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: il-akil (gāʕid) bis-saħan
Glosses: DEF-food.SGM BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM in.DEF-plate.SGM
Translation: The food is in the plate.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ʔingiltra (*gāʕd-a) fi ɣarb ʔorobba
Glosses: England.SGF BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF in West Europe
Translation: Intended: ‘England is in the West of Europe.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: iš-šarkiyya (*gāʕd-a) fi šāriʕ …
Glosses: DEF-company.SGF BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF in street …
Translation: Intended: ‘The company is in … street.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: il-walad (*gāʕid) ṭawīl miṯil ub-ūh
Glosses: DEF-boy.SGM BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM tall.SGM like father-3SGM.GEN
Translation: Intended: ‘The boy is tall like his father.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ʔiħna (*gāʕd-īn) ħalw-īn wāyid hal-ayyām
Glosses: we BE.ACT.PTCP-PL sweet-PL a lot DEM.DEF-day.PL
Translation: Intended: ‘We are looking really good these days.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ti-gul humma gāʕd-īn fī magṭaʕ
Glosses: 2-say.IPFV.SG they BE.ACT.PTCP-PL in remote area
Translation: It’s as though they were in a remote area.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ʔinta gāʕid ğuwwat an-nāmussiyya
Glosses: you BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM inside DEF-mosquito net
Translation: You are inside the mosquito net.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: gāʕid maʕā-ki
Glosses: BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM with-2SGF.GEN
Translation: I am/he is with you (F).
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: badal māni gāʕd-a fāḍy-a kida
Glosses: instead of BE.ACT.PTCP-3SGF idle-SGF like this
Translation: instead of being idle like this
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kān gāʕid li-waħd-u
Glosses: be.PFV.3SGM BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM for-alone-3SGM.GEN
Translation: He was alone.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: lē gāʕid mibawwiz kida ?
Glosses: why BE.ACT.PTCP.SGM grumpy.SGM like this
Translation: Why are you (being) grumpy like this?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: gāʕd-a ʕala galb-ak
Glosses: BE.ACT.PTCP-SGF on heart-2SG.GEN
Translation: You are (being/existing in a given state) against your will.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: illi gāʕd-a li-lɣulb
Glosses: COMP BE.ACT.PTCP-3SGF for-overburden.MSD
Translation: the one that is overburdened
Language: Portuguese (English translation)
Transcription: A casa e no Flamengo .
Glosses: DEF house is(SER) in.DEF Flamengo
Translation: The house is in Flamengo.
Language: Portuguese ( translation)
Transcription: João está em casa .
Glosses: João is(ESTAR) in house
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: sabi raxu-ye
Glosses: boy sick.SGM-COP.3SG
Translation: The boy is sick.’ stage-level
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: koys-e-ye
Glosses: handsome-SGF-COP.3SG
Translation: She is handsome.’ individual-level
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: kū raxu
Glosses: COP.3SGM sick.SGM
Translation: He is sick.’ stage-level
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *kū koys
Glosses: COP.3SGM handsome.SGM
Translation: He is handsome.’ individual-level
Language: Algerian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: rā-ni fi-l-kuzina
Glosses: BE-1SG.ACC in-DEF-kitchen
Translation: I am in the kitchen.
Language: Algerian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: ma-rā-hu-š ʕand-i
Glosses: NEG-BE-3SGM.ACC-NEG at-1SG.GEN
Translation: He is not at my house.
Language: Algerian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: hūwa rā-h f-əl ħammām
Glosses: he BE-3SGM.ACC in-DEF bath-house
Translation: He is at the bath-house.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: l-otel (*rā-hu) jayy qoddam t-téatr
Glosses: DEF-hotel BE-3SGM.ACC come.ACT.PTCP.SGM in front DEF-theatre
Translation: The hotel is in front of the theatre.
Language: Algerian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: moħammed rā-h b-xēr
Glosses: Mohammed BE-3SGM.ACC with-good
Translation: Mohammed is well.
Language: Algerian Arabic (English translation)
Transcription: rā-ha mrēḍ-a
Glosses: BE-3SGF.ACC sick-SGF
Translation: She is sick.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: anā lli rā-ni r-rāyis tāʕ el-jemʕiyya
Glosses: I COMP BE-1SG.ACC DEF-president.SGM of DEF-association
Translation: It is I who is (currently) the president of the association.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ṣ-ṣif ∅ sxun bezzaf f-ed-dzayer
Glosses: DEF-Summer.SGM ∅ hot.SGM very in-DEF-Algeria
Translation: Summer is very hot in Algeria.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: rā-hi s-sxana bezzaf ḍokka
Glosses: BE-3SGF.ACC DEF-heat.SGF very right now
Translation: It is really hot right now.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: in-nas ∅ mlaħ
Glosses: DEF-people.SGF ∅ good.PL
Translation: The people/folks are good.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: rā-hi n-nas mlāh haḏ in-nhār-at
Glosses: BE-3SGF.ACC DEF-people.SGF good.PL DEM DEF-day-PLF
Translation: The people are good these days.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>ili-∅ [ng babae] [ang libro] [para sa bata].
Glosses: <PFV>buy GEN woman NOM book for OBL child
Translation: The woman bought the book for the child.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>ilh-an [ng babae] [ng libro] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>buy GEN woman GEN book NOM child
Translation: The woman bought the child a book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: <In>ayos-∅ [niya] [ang buhok ni Tina].
Glosses: <PFV>arrange 3SG.GEN NOM hair GEN.PN Tina
Translation: She arranged Tina’s hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: <In>ayus-an [niya] [ng buhok] [si Tina].
Glosses: <PFV>arrange 3SG.GEN GEN hair NOM.PN Tina
Translation: She arranged Tina’s hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *B<in>ili-∅/an [ng babae] [ang libro] [ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>buy-/ GEN woman NOM book GEN child
Translation: Intended: ‘The woman bought a/the child a book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nag-sulat [ang babae] [ng liham] [para sa bata].
Glosses: .PFV.PAG-write NOM woman GEN letter for OBL child
Translation: The woman wrote a letter for the child.’ Agent Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: S<in>ulat-∅ [ng babae] [ang liham] [para sa bata].
Glosses: <PFV>write GEN woman NOM letter for OBL child
Translation: The woman wrote the letter for the child.’ Patient Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: S<in>ulat-an [ng babae] [ng liham] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>write GEN woman GEN letter NOM child
Translation: The woman wrote the child a letter.’ Locative Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-s<in>ulat [ng babae] [ng liham] [ang bata].
Glosses: -<PFV>write GEN woman GEN letter NOM child
Translation: The woman wrote a letter for the child.’ Circumstantial Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nag-sulat [ako] [ng liham].
Glosses: AV.PFV.PAG-write 1SG.NOM GEN letter
Translation: I wrote a letter.’ Agent Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: S<in>ulat-∅ [ko] [ang liham].
Glosses: <PFV>write-PV 1SG.GEN NOM letter
Translation: I wrote the letter.’ Patient Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-t<in>akbo [ng bata] [ang kaibigan niya].
Glosses: CV-<PFV>run GEN child NOM friend 3SG.GEN
Translation: The child ran for her friend.’ Benefactive
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-p<in>am-punas [ko] [ang trapo].
Glosses: CV-<PFV>INSTR-wipe 1SG.GEN NOM rag
Translation: I wiped with the rag.’ Instrument
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-s<in>ulat [ko] [ng liham] [ang bata].
Glosses: CV-<PFV>write 1SG.GEN GEN letter NOM child
Translation: I wrote a letter for the child.’ Circumstantial Voice
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>ilh-an [ng babae] [ng libro] [ang tindahan].
Glosses: <PFV>buy-LV GEN woman GEN book NOM store
Translation: The woman bought a book at the store.’ Locative
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>igy-an [ng babae] [ng libro] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>give-LV GEN woman GEN book NOM child
Translation: The woman gave the child a book.’ Goal
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ang/*ng libro ng bata
Glosses: NOM/GEN book GEN child
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ang/*ng libro ng kaibigan ng kapatid ko
Glosses: NOM/GEN book GEN friend GEN sibling 1SG.GEN
Translation: my sibling’s friend’s book
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ng isa=ng libro ng bata
Glosses: GEN one=LNK book GEN child
Translation: one of the child’s books
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: G<in>upit-∅ [ko] [ang buhok ng bata] kahapon .
Glosses: <PFV>snip 1SG.GEN NOM hair GEN child yesterday
Translation: I cut the child’s hair yesterday.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: G<in>upit-∅ [ko] [ang buhok ng kaibigan ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>snip-PV 1SG.GEN NOM hair GEN friend GEN child
Translation: I cut the child’s friend’s hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *[Ng/ang bata] ang g<in>upit-∅ ko [ang buhok ___].
Glosses: GEN/NOM child FOC <PFV>snip-PV 1SG.GEN NOM hair
Translation: Intended: ‘It was the child whose hair I cut.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *[Sino] ang g<in>upit-∅ mo [ang buhok ___]?
Glosses: who.NOM FOC <PFV>snip-PV 2SG.GEN NOM hair
Translation: Intended: ‘Whose hair did you cut?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: G<in>upit-an [ko] [ng buhok (*niya)] kahapon [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>snip 1SG.GEN GEN hair 3SG.GEN yesterday NOM child
Translation: I cut the child’s hair yesterday.’ External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: G<in>upit-an [ko] [ng buhok] [ang kaibigan ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>snip-LV 1SG.GEN GEN hair NOM friend GEN child
Translation: I cut the child’s friend’s hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [Ang bata] ang g<in>upit-an ko [ng buhok] ___ .
Glosses: NOM child FOC <PFV>snip-LV 1SG.GEN GEN hair
Translation: It was the child whose hair I cut.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [Sino] ang g<in>upit-an mo [ng buhok] ___ ?
Glosses: who.NOM FOC <PFV>snip-LV 2SG.GEN GEN hair
Translation: Whose hair did you cut?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: P<in>utol-∅ [ko] [ang paa ng mesa].
Glosses: <PFV>cut.off 1SG.GEN NOM leg GEN table
Translation: I broke a specific leg off the table.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: P<in>utul-an [ko] [ng paa] [ang mesa].
Glosses: <PFV>cut.off 1SG.GEN GEN leg NOM table
Translation: I broke some leg(s) off the table.’ External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>asag-∅ [ko] [ang bintana ng bahay].
Glosses: <PFV>shatter 1SG.GEN NOM window GEN house
Translation: I shattered {the, a specific} window of the house.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>asag-an [ko] [ng bintana] [ang bahay].
Glosses: <PFV>shatter 1SG.GEN GEN window NOM house
Translation: I shattered some window(s) of the house.’ External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: In-ubos-∅ [ko] [ang pera ng lolo ko].
Glosses: PFV-use.up 1SG.GEN NOM money GEN grandfather 1SG.GEN
Translation: I used up my grandfather’s money.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: In-ubus-an [ko] [ng pera] [ang lolo ko].
Glosses: PFV-use.up 1SG.GEN GEN money NOM grandfather 1SG.GEN
Translation: I used up my grandfather’s money.’ External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: In-ubos-∅ [ko] [ang pera ng lolo ko=ng patay].
Glosses: PFV-use.up 1SG.GEN NOM money GEN grandfather 1SG.GEN=LNK die
Translation: I used up my deceased grandfather’s money.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *In-ubus-an [ko] [ng pera] [ang lolo ko=ng patay].
Glosses: PFV-use.up 1SG.GEN GEN money NOM grandfather 1SG.GEN=LNK die
Translation: Intended: ‘I used up my deceased grandfather’s money.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>igy-an [ko] [ang lolo ko(*=ng patay)] [ng libro].
Glosses: <PFV>give 1SG.GEN NOM grandfather 1SG.GEN(=LNK die) GEN book
Translation: I gave my (*deceased) grandfather a book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: T<um>akbo [ang kaibigan ng bata].
Glosses: <AV.PFV>run NOM friend GEN child
Translation: The child’s friend ran.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #T<in>akbuh-an [ng kaibigan] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>run GEN friend NOM child
Translation: Intended: ‘The child’s friend ran.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<um>agsak [ang puno ng bata].
Glosses: <AV.PFV>fall NOM tree GEN child
Translation: The child’s tree fell over.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #Na-bagsak-an [ng puno] [ang bata].
Glosses: NONVOL-fall GEN tree NOM child
Translation: Intended: The child’s tree fell over. *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nag-basag [ang kaibigan ng bata] [ng plorera].
Glosses: AV.PAG.PFV-shatter NOM friend GEN child GEN vase
Translation: The child’s friend broke a vase.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #B<in>asag-an [ng kaibigan] [ang bata] [ng plorera].
Glosses: <PFV>shatter GEN friend NOM child GEN vase
Translation: Intended: ‘The child’s friend broke a vase.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-t<in>akbo [ko] [ang kaibigan ng bata].
Glosses: CV-<PFV>run 1SG.GEN NOM friend GEN child
Translation: I ran for the child’s friend.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #T<in>akbuh-an [ko] [ng kaibigan] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>run 1SG.GEN GEN friend NOM child
Translation: Intended: ‘I ran for the child’s friend.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Gusto [ko] [ang buhok ng bata].
Glosses: like 1SG.GEN NOM hair GEN child
Translation: I like the child’s hair.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Gusto [ko] [ng buhok] [ang bata].
Glosses: like 1SG.GEN GEN hair NOM child
Translation: Intended: ‘I like the child’s hair.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: T<in>ingn-an [ko] [ang buhok ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>look.at-LV 1SG.GEN NOM hair GEN child
Translation: I looked at the child’s hair.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *T<in>ingn-an [ko] [ng buhok] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>look.at-LV 1SG.GEN GEN hair NOM child
Translation: Intended: ‘I looked at the child’s hair.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: K<in>ain-∅ [ni Luz] [ang mga mani ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>eat GEN.PN Luz NOM PL peanut GEN child
Translation: Luz ate the child’s peanuts.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #K<in>ain-an [ni Luz] [ang bata] [ng mga mani].
Glosses: <PFV>eat GEN.PN Luz NOM child GEN PL peanut
Translation: Intended: ‘Luz ate the child’s peanuts.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>ili-∅ [ni Luz] [ang mga mani ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>buy GEN.PN Luz NOM PL peanut GEN child
Translation: Luz bought the child’s peanuts.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #B<in>ilh-an [ni Luz] [ang bata] [ng mga mani].
Glosses: <PFV>buy GEN.PN Luz NOM child GEN PL peanut
Translation: Intended: ‘Luz bought the child’s peanuts.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: T<in>unaw-∅ [ni Luz] [ang ice cream ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>melt GEN.PN Luz NOM ice cream GEN child
Translation: Luz melted the child’s ice cream.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #T<in>unaw-an [ni Luz] [ng ice cream] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>melt GEN.PN Luz GEN ice cream NOM child
Translation: Intended: ‘Luz melted the child’s ice cream.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-b<in>igay [ko] [ang libro ng bata] [kay Kiko].
Glosses: -<PFV>give 1SG.GEN NOM book GEN child OBL.PN Kiko
Translation: I gave Kiko the child’s book.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *B<in>igy-an [ko] [ng libro] [ang bata] [kay Kiko].
Glosses: <PFV>give 1SG.GEN GEN book NOM child OBL.PN Kiko
Translation: Intended: ‘I gave Kiko the child’s book.’ *External poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<in>igy-an [ko] [ng libro] [ang kaibigan ng bata].
Glosses: <PFV>give 1SG.GEN GEN book NOM friend GEN child
Translation: I gave the child’s friend a book.’ Internal poss.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *B<in>igy-an [ko] [ng libro] [ng kaibigan] [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>give 1SG.GEN GEN book GEN friend NOM child
Translation: Intended: ‘I gave the child’s friend a book.’ *External poss.
Language: Nez Perce ( translation)
Transcription: ‘aayat-om hikwyek-ey’-se-∅ ‘iin-e picpic cuu’yem
Glosses: woman-ERG 3SUBJ-feed-APPL-IMPF-PRES 1SG-OBJ cat.NOM fish.NOM
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: G<in>upit-an [ko] [ng buhok] kahapon [ang bata].
Glosses: <PFV>snip-LV 1SG.GEN GEN hair yesterday NOM child
Translation: I cut the child’s hair yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ni-lakar-an [ng bata] [ang daan].
Glosses: PFV-walk-LV GEN child NOM road
Translation: The child walked along the road.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: S<in>igaw-an [ni Romeo] [si Jojo].
Glosses: <PFV>shout-LV GEN.PN Romeo NOM.PN Jojo
Translation: Romeo shouted at Jojo.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: L<um>akad [ako] [sa daan].
Glosses: <AV.PFV>walk 1SG.NOM OBL road
Translation: I walked on the road.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-p<in>am-punas [ko] [ng silya] [ang trapo].
Glosses: -<PFV>-wipe 1SG.GEN GEN chair NOM rag
Translation: I wiped a chair using the rag.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-p<in>ang-luto [ko] [ng adobo] [ang kaldero].
Glosses: -<PFV>-cook 1SG.GEN GEN adobo NOM pot
Translation: I cooked adobo using the pot.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nag-pa-basa [ako] [sa bata] [ng libro].
Glosses: .PFV.PAG-CAUS-read 1SG.NOM OBL child GEN book
Translation: I made the child read a book.’ Causer
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: P<in>a-basa-∅ [ko] [ang bata] [ng libro].
Glosses: <PFV>CAUS-read 1SG.GEN NOM child GEN book
Translation: I made the child read a book.’ Causee
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: I-p<in>a-basa [ko] [sa bata] [ang libro].
Glosses: -<PFV>CAUS-read 1SG.GEN OBL child NOM book
Translation: I made the child read the book.’ Theme
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: B<um>agsak [ang plorera].
Glosses: <>fall NOM vase
Translation: The vase fell.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Nag-bagsak [ng plorera] [ang bata].
Glosses: -fall GEN vase NOM child
Translation: The child slammed down a vase.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Sino ang naka-kita sa/*ng akin at ng isa=ng aso ?
Glosses: who.NOM FOC AV.NONVOL-see OBL/GEN 1SG.OBL and GEN one=LK dog
Translation: Who saw me and a (non-specific) dog?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Na-tunaw [ang ice cream ng bata] nang mag-isa .
Glosses: NONVOL.PFV-melt NOM ice cream GEN child by.itself
Translation: The child’s ice cream melted of its own accord.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Na-gupit [ang buhok ng bata] nang mag-isa .
Glosses: NONVOL.PFV-snip NOM hair GEN child by.itself
Translation: Intended: ‘The child’s hair got cut of its own accord.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: In-ayus-an [niya] [ng buhok] [si Tina].
Glosses: PFV-arrange-LV 3SG.GEN GEN hair NOM.PN Tina
Translation: She arranged Tina’s hair.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Bjah pročel knigata .
Glosses: be.1S.PST read the.book
Translation: I had read the book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Šte săm pročel knigata .
Glosses: will be.1S.PRS read the.book
Translation: I’ll have read the book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Razbrah če e pročel knigata .
Glosses: understand.1S.PST that be.3S.PRS read the.book
Translation: I understood that he has read the book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Može da e zagazil .
Glosses: might DA be.3S.PRS gotten.in.trouble
Translation: He might’ve gotten in trouble.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Razkazvala beše često Marija tazi istorija .
Glosses: told be.3S.PST often Maria this story
Translation: Maria had often told this story.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Razkazvala tazi istorija beše često Marija .
Glosses: told this story be.3S.PST often Maria
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Često razkazvala beše Marija tazi istorija .
Glosses: often told be.3S.PST Maria this story