lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: čiqʷaˤ
Glosses: bird
Translation: bird
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: čiˤqʷ-ne
Glosses: bird:PL-PL
Translation: birds
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: ʡali w-ak'-ib .
Glosses: Ali(NOM) M-come:PFV-AOR
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: adaj-ni mašinka-li-ni muc'ur b-erč-ur .
Glosses: father-ERG hair.cutter-OBL-ERG beard(NOM) N-cut.hair:PFV-AOR
Translation: The father cut his beard with clippers.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: baba nab inc'ul uk-es ħa-d-ig-an .
Glosses: granny I.DAT more M.eat:PFV-INF NEG-NPL-want:IPFV-HAB
Translation: Granny, I don't want to eat any more.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: χʷe-li-če-la ažda b-uh-ub .
Glosses: dog-OBL-SUPER-EL crocodile N-become:PFV-AOR
Translation: The dog has become a crocodile.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: k'ʷi-jal saʡaˤt-li-ni rasul ħule w-ilz-uwe le-w-re ši-la surt-me-če .
Glosses: two-CARD hour-OBL-ERG Rasul(NOM) look M-LV:IPFV-CVB.IPFV be-M-PST village-GEN picture-PL-SUPER(LAT)
Translation: Rasul has been looking at the photos of (his) village for two hours.
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ni ar-d-uk-ib muħammad-la kʷihme .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG away-NPL-lead:PFV-AOR Muhammad-GEN sheep.PL
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nuša-la le-b ʁarʁ-u-be-la qali .
Glosses: we-GEN be-N stone-PL.STEM-PL-GEN house
Translation: We have a stone house.
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: muħammad-la kʷihme .
Glosses: Muhammad-GEN sheep.PL
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: musa-la le-b qali .
Glosses: Musa-GEN be-N house
Translation: Musa has a house.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ze-b di-la dis le-b .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-INTER-N(ESS) I.OBL-GEN knife be-N
Translation: Rasul has got my knife', `My knife is with Rasul.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *rasuj-ze-b dis .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-INTER-N(ESS) knife
Translation: (someone else's) knife that Rasul has got.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: abaj-ni gi-b sadaq'ači-li-s t'ult'.
Glosses: mother-ERG give:PFV-AOR pauper-OBL-DAT bread
Translation: Mother gave bread to a pauper.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: har duže rasuj-ni dursi-li-s χabar-t luč'-ib .
Glosses: every night Rasul.OBL-ERG girl-OBL-DAT story-PL read:IPFV-IPFT
Translation: Every night Rasul read stories to his daughter.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nuša-jni qali b-aq'-ib-i rasuj-s .
Glosses: we-ERG house N-do:PFV-AOR-ATR Rasul.OBL-DAT
Translation: We built a house for Rasul.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ni gi-b muħammadi-ze dis .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG give:PFV-AOR Muhammad-INTER(LAT) knife
Translation: Rasul lent a knife to Muhammad.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħu nab eba uh-ub .
Glosses: you.sg I.DAT boring M.become:PFV-AOR
Translation: You bored me.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: jusupi-s d-ig-uwe le-r pat'imat .
Glosses: Jusup-DAT F1-want:IPFV-CVB.IPFV be-F Patimat
Translation: Jusup loves Patimat.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasul urʁes w-ik-ib muħammadi-ču .
Glosses: Rasul fight:IPFV-INF M-LV:PFV-AOR Muhammad-COMIT
Translation: Rasul fought with Muhammad.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ni ulq'uli rasdisi-ču b-elk-un .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG plank saw-COMIT N-cut:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul sawed the plank with a saw.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ni ħi šin-ču d-urʔun d-aq'-ib .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG blood water-COMIT NPL-clean N-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul washed the blood off with water.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ?se-li-čible ħu tusnaq' w-aq'-ib-i ?
Glosses: what-OBL-CAUSAL you.sg arrest M-do:PFV-AOR-ATR
Translation: Why did you get arrested?
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ?di-la χuligan-deši-čible nu tusnaq' w-aq'-ib .
Glosses: I.OBL-GEN hooligan-NMLZ-CAUSAL I arrest M-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: I got arrested because of my hooliganism.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu adaj-čemadal tukaj-ħe w-aˤq'-un-na
Glosses: I father-SUBST shop.OBL-IN(LAT) M-go:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: I went to the shop instead of father
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: dilaj-sum b-aq'-a
Glosses: I.OBL-REPL N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Do as I do
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ustuj-če-b ʁadara le-b .
Glosses: table.OBL-SUPER-N(ESS) plate be-N
Translation: A plate is on the table.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: surat aqi-le le-b baˤʜi-ze-b / *baˤʜi-če-b .
Glosses: picture up-ADVZ be-N wall-INTER-N(ESS) / *wall-SUPER-N(ESS)
Translation: A picture is hanging on the wall.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: iχija b-arš-ib-i t'uleka le-b t'uj-če-b / *t'uj-ze-b .
Glosses: this.GEN N-become.beautiful:PFV-AOR-ATR ring be-N finger.OBL-SUPER-N(ESS) / finger.OBL-INTER-N(ESS)
Translation: She has a beautiful ring on her finger.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʡali-ni mažar baˤʜi-če b-ix-ib .
Glosses: Ali-ERG rifle wall-SUPER(LAT) N-put:PFV-AOR
Translation: Ali put the rifle against the wall.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu baˤʜi-če-la ʡaˤq ʡaˤr-aˤq'-un-na .
Glosses: I wall-SUPER-EL far away-M.go:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: I stepped away from the wall.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasul quwati le-w muħammadi-če-w .
Glosses: Rasul strong be-M Muhammad-SUPER-M(ESS)
Translation: Rasul is stronger than Muhammad.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasul laχu uk'-uwe le-w muħammadi-če .
Glosses: Rasul scream M.LV:IPFV-CVB.IPFV be-M Muhammad-SUPER(LAT)
Translation: Rasul is shouting at Muhammad.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasul w-aˤld-un muħammadi-če-la .
Glosses: Rasul M-hide:PFV-AOR Muhammad-SUPER-EL
Translation: Rasul hid from Muhammad.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: k'ʷi-jal saʡaˤti-če rasuj-ni kung b-elč-un .
Glosses: two-CARD hour-SUPER(LAT) Rasul.OBL-ERG book N-read:PFV-AOR
Translation: Rasul read the book in two hours.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħarši k'unk'ur-le-ħe-r le-r .
Glosses: soup pot-OBL-IN-NPL(ESS) be-NPL
Translation: The soup is in the pot.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħarši k'unk'ur-le-r le-r .
Glosses: soup pot-OBL.IN-NPL(ESS) be-NPL
Translation: The soup is in the pot.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: k'as ħark'ʷi-ze-b le-b .
Glosses: fish river-INTER-N(ESS) be-N
Translation: The fish is in the river.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: surat aqi-le le-b baˤʜi-ze-b .
Glosses: picture up-ADVZ be-N wall-INTER-N(ESS)
Translation: A picture is hanging on the wall.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: di-ze-la / *di-ze-b-adala mašina b-oˤrʡ-oˤb .
Glosses: I.OBL-INTER-EL / *I.OBL-INTER-N-EL car N-break:PFV-AOR
Translation: I accidentally broke the car.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ze-la aq b-aq'-as b-uh-es ʁarʁa .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-INTER-EL up N-do:PFV-INF N-become:PFV-FUT stone
Translation: Rasul will be able to lift the stone.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ni si-k'al ħa-ib muħammadi-ze .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG what-PTCL NEG-say:PFV.AOR Muhammad-INTER(LAT)
Translation: Rasul said nothing to Muhammad
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nuša ustuj-šu-b ka-b-iʔ-i-ra .
Glosses: we table.OBL-AD-HPL(ESS) PV-HPL-sit:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: We are sitting near the table.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu w-aˤq'-un-na aħmadi-šu .
Glosses: I M-go:PFV-AOR-EGO Ahmad-AD(LAT)
Translation: I visited Ahmad.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nuša ustuj-ʡeˤ-b ka-b-iʔ-i-ra .
Glosses: we table.OBL-APUD-HPL(ESS) PV-HPL-sit:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: We are sitting at the table.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: lut'i-le-ʡeˤ-b
Glosses: bottom-OBL-APUD-N(ESS)
Translation: on the bottom' (of a pond etc.)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rasuj-ni bars b-aq'-ib q'ʷaˤl šu-wal kʷiha-le-ʡeˤ-b .
Glosses: Rasul.OBL-ERG exchange N-do:PFV-AOR cow five-CARD sheep-OBL-APUD-N(ESS)
Translation: Rasul exchanged the cow for five sheep.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: škaf unza-le-ʡeˤ-di b-aˤq'-un .
Glosses: wardrobe door-OBL-APUD-TRANS N-go:PFV-AOR
Translation: The wardrobe went through the door.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: škaf unza-le-ħe-di b-aˤq'-un .
Glosses: wardrobe door-OBL-IN-TRANS N-go:PFV-AOR
Translation: The wardrobe went through the door.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: har-ħa-d-uq-un .
Glosses: PV-NEG-F1-flee:PFV-AOR
Translation: She did not run away.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: luč'-uwe le-w .
Glosses: read:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-M
Translation: He is reading.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: luč'-uwe agʷara .
Glosses: read:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX:NEG
Translation: He is not reading.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-iz~mi-d-iz-ad (also mi-d-iz-ad)
Glosses: F1-wash:IPFV~NEGVOL-F1-wash:IPFV-PROH (also NEGVOL-F1-wash:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Do not wash her!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-ak'~ħa-k'-ib-i d-ak'~ħa-d-ak'-ib-i
Glosses: M-come:PFV~NEG-M.come:PFV-AOR-ATR F1-come:PFV~NEG-F1-come:PFV-AOR-ATR
Translation: the one who did not come
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: illi-če-la iz-uwe werħ d-aʔ-i-ra k'ʷan ʡaj inc'-ul d-aʔ꞊ra ħa-d-aʔ-i-ra k'ʷan .
Glosses: this-SUPER-EL be.ill:IPFV-CVB.IPFV seven F1-arrive:PFV-AOR-EGO QUOT PTCL more F1-arrive:PFV꞊ADD NEG-F1-arrive:PFV-AOR-EGO QUOT
Translation: From this (day) she fell ill, seven days, she said, it took not more
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hanna hete b-aʔ-ib-i-jaʁle d-uc-ib nu buʁa muħamma-jni q'uq'u-be-če , d-uc꞊ra d-uc-i-le χal b-aq'-ib .
Glosses: now there(LAT) HPL-arrive:PFV-ATR-CVB.ANTE F1-take:PFV-AOR I Buga Muhammad-ERG knee-PL-SUPER(LAT) F1-take:PFV꞊ADD F1-take:PFV-AOR-CVB seek N-do:PFV-AOR
Translation: When we arrived there, Buga Muhammad took me on his lap; having taken
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: uz-e
Glosses: M.work:IPFV-IMP
Translation: Work!' (to one person)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uz-e-na
Glosses: HPL-work:IPFV-IMP-IMP.PL
Translation: Work!' (to many)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: uc-a
Glosses: M.catch:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Catch him!' (to one person)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uc-a
Glosses: HPL.catch:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Catch them!' (to one person)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: uc-a-na
Glosses: M.catch:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL
Translation: Catch him!' (to many)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uc-a-na
Glosses: HPL.catch:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL
Translation: Catch them!' (to many)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-aq-u-we le-b-re .
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-CAUS-CVB.IPFV AUX-HPL-PST
Translation: He made them go (repeatedly).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: a-b-iz-aq-ib abzul꞊la χalq'-ane .
Glosses: PV-HPL-stand.up:PFV-CAUS-AOR all꞊ADD people-PL
Translation: (She) woke up everybody.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hanna uzi-li-ʔini ruzi-li-ze b-ah-aq-ib:
Glosses: now brother-OBL-ERG sister-OBL-INTER(LAT) N-know:PFV-CAUS-AOR:
Translation: Then the brother announced (made it known) to the sister: …
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aq'-ib duboˤʡoˤr-t niʔ-ane , χajagun-t , d-aq'-ib , si-k'al ħa-b-erkʷ-aq-i-le w-aq-ħa-q-ib .
Glosses: NPL-do:PFV-AOR dish-PL milk-PL, fried.egg-PL NPL-do:PFV-AOR what-INDEF NEG-N-eat:PFV-CAUS-AOR-CVB M-let.go:PFV-NEG-M.let.go:PFV-AOR
Translation: (She) prepared meals, milk products, fried eggs (she) made, she did not
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: χ-aχaq-ib
Glosses: bring.?-CAUS-AOR
Translation: caused to bring (it)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ar-uχ-aq-iša .
Glosses: away-M.bring:PFV-CAUS-FUT.EGO
Translation: I will cause you to be brought away (by the river).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ar-m-iχ-aq-adi
Glosses: away-NEGVOL-M.bring:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Let (the river) not bring me away!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uˤq'-aq-as
Glosses: HPL-go:PFV-CAUS-INF
Translation: cause (them) to go' (perfective causative infinitive)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-aq-uwe
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-CAUS-CVB.IPFV
Translation: making them come again and again' (imperfective causative converb)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-elʁ-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: N-eat.full:PFV-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Translation: made someone feed (an animal)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-erc'-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: N-fry:PFV-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Translation: made someone fry (it)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aˤʜʷ-aˤq-aq-ib
Glosses: NPL-get.wet:PFV-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Translation: made someone get them (feet) wet
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-alk'ʷ-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: N-burn:PFV-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Translation: made someone get (it) burning
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-arχ-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: N-touch:PFV-caus-caus
Translation: made someone touch (it)
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: b-ac'-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: N-melt-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-alħ-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: F1-wake.up:PFV-caus-caus-aor
Translation: woke her up
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aˤrʡ-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: M-freeze:PFV-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Translation: made him freeze
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aˤbʡ-aq-aq-ib
Glosses: M-kill:PFV-CAUS-CAUS-AOR
Translation: made someone kill him
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: urx-ne q'-aˤb-ib k'ʷan , unza ʡaj-k'-i-le b-ik-ib .
Glosses: key-PL PV-close:PFV-AOR QUOT door lock-LV:PFV-AOR-CVB N-happen:PFV-AOR
Translation: The lock has locked itself, the door closed (=locked).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: abaj hil-l-ix-i-le r-arg-i-ra , unza꞊ra ʡaj-k'-i-le , hil-l-ix-i-le r-arg-i-ra abaj .
Glosses: mother PV-F-lie.down:PFV-AOR-CVB F-find:PFV-AOR-EGO door꞊ADD lock-LV:PFV-AOR-CVB PV-F-lie.down:PFV-AOR-CVB F-find:PFV-AOR-EGO mother
Translation: I found (my) mother already gone to bed – I discovered that, having
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: it-ini mura d-iχ-ib .
Glosses: this-ERG hay NPL-bring:IPFV-IPFT
Translation: He was bringing hay.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: it mura-li-ni w-iχ-ib .
Glosses: this hay-OBL-ERG M-bring:IPFV-IPFT
Translation: He was bringing hay.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: q'us꞊ra w-iʔ-i-le dursi-la širbit-la dubilhani b-ilh-uwe le-w-re il .
Glosses: be.squatted꞊ADD M-sit:PFV-AOR-CVB daughter-GEN shoe-GEN lace N-tie:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-M-PST this
Translation: He (lit. this one) squatted and was tying (his) daughter’s shoelace.
Language: Chirag (English translation)
Transcription: nomir꞊ra χal b-aq'-i-ra k'ʷan šula-le le-b-u-g-es .
Glosses: number꞊ADD seek N-do:PFV-AOR-EGO QUOT tight-ADVZ be-N-Q-VERIF-INF
Translation: I touched the number (plate), to see whether was fixed tightly.
Language: Chirag (English translation)
Transcription: w-eˤʡe , ħule w-iz-e , či-ja le-b-u-gʷ-a .
Glosses: M-go:PFV look M-LV:PFV-IMP who-Q be-N-Q-VERIF-IMP
Translation: Go and look, see who is there.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: niʔ urt'-e !
Glosses: milk pour:IPFV-IMP
Translation: Pour the milk!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħu w-aqnal duc' ulq-e !
Glosses: you.sg(NOM) M-often run M.LV:IPFV-IMP
Translation: Run more often!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: niʔ art'-a !
Glosses: milk pour:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Pour the milk!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: qa-d-iʔ-e heše-r .
Glosses: down-F1-sit:PFV-IMP here-F(ESS)
Translation: Sit down here.
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: qali , abx-e !
Glosses: house open:PFV-IMP
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʡali , b-aˤld-a ʁarʁa !
Glosses: Ali N-hide:PFV-IMP.TR stone
Translation: Ali, hide the stone!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʡali , w-aˤld-e ʁarʁa-la ʡa‹w›ad !
Glosses: Ali M-hide:PFV-IMP stone-GEN ‹M›behind
Translation: Ali, hide behind the stone!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʡali , b-erqʷ-a ħawa !
Glosses: Ali, N-tear:PFV-IMP.TR dress
Translation: Ali, tear the dress!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħawa , b-erqʷ-e !
Glosses: dress N-tear:PFV-IMP
Translation: Dress, get torn!
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: ħa-ze arʁ-e !
Glosses: you.sg.OBL-INTER(LAT) understand:PFV-IMP
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: ħa-ze arʁ-a !
Glosses: you.sg.OBL-INTER(LAT) understand:PFV-IMP.TR
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: gʷ-e bet'-a !
Glosses: see:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let him see!' (he should make attempts to see)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: gʷ-a bet'-a !
Glosses: see:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let him see!' (he should make attempts to see)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-ak'-e !
Glosses: M-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: Come to me (addressing a men)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-ak'-e !
Glosses: F1-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: Come to me (addressing a girl)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-ak'-e-na !
Glosses: HPL-come:PFV-IMP-IMP.PL
Translation: Come to me (addressing several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aˤbʡ-a urš-be !
Glosses: HPL-kill:PFV-IMP.TR boy-PL
Translation: Kill these boys (addressing one person)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aˤbʡ-a-na rasul !
Glosses: M-kill:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL Rasul
Translation: Kill Rasul (addressing several people)!
Language: Southwestern Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu dub aˤʡ-aq-a !
Glosses: I eat LV-CAUS-IMP.TR
Translation: Feed me!
Language: Southwestern Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħu učitel uʔ-e !
Glosses: you.sg(NOM) teacher M.be:PFV-IMP
Translation: [You] become a teacher!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħu-ni deč' b-aq'-a !
Glosses: you.sg-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [You] sing the song!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad , deč' b-aq'-a .
Glosses: Muhammad(NOM) song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Muhammad, sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad , učitel uʔ-e !
Glosses: Muhammad(NOM) teacher M.be:PFV-IMP
Translation: Muhammad, become a teacher!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad-ini deč' b-aq'-a .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [Muhammad] sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: it-ini deč' b-aq'-a .
Glosses: this-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [He] sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: it w-ak'-e .
Glosses: that(NOM) M-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: [He] come.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad-ini꞊ra deč' b-aq'-a .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG꞊ADD song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: [Muhammad] sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: it꞊ra w-ak'-e !
Glosses: that(NOM)꞊ADD M-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: [He] come!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat꞊ra d-ak'-e , asijat꞊ra d-ak'-e .
Glosses: Patimat(NOM)꞊ADD F1-come:PFV-IMP Asijat(NOM)꞊ADD F1-come:PFV-IMP
Translation: Patimat come, and Asijat come.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat-li deč' b-aq'-a , asijat-li deč' bel'č'-a .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR Asijat-ERG song read:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Patimat sing the song, and Asijat read the rhyme.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: mallarasbadij-ni ib iš-di-li-ze : ca udi-di w-iz-e-na , ca aqu-di w-iz-e-na , urga-w nu w-iz-iša , nu-ni ħuša k'ʷi-jal-la χʷasar b-aq'-iša ca-ca ʁuruši-ze .
Glosses: Molla Nasreddin.OBL-ERG say:PFV.AOR that-PL-OBL-INTER(LAT) one below-TRANS M-stand:IPFV-IMP-IMP.PL one up-TRANS M-stand:IPFV-IMP-IMP.PL between-M I(NOM) M-stand:IPFV-FUT.EGO I-ERG you.pl two-ORD-ADD rescue HPL-do:PFV-FUT.EGO one-one rouble-INTER(LAT)
Translation: Molla Nasreddin told them: one of you stand higher, the other stand
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: deč' b-aq'-a-w !
Glosses: song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL
Translation: Sing a song! (addressing women or men)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʜaˤramir-ti-la ʁuša-ne elʔ-a-ca .
Glosses: Haramirt-PL-GEN house-PL count:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL
Translation: List the families of the Haramirt (clan).' (Text 19. Clans, 1.6)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: abaj , b-uh-es꞊u nu-ni g-es rasuj-s k'amp'it'?
Glosses: mother N-become:PFV-INF꞊Q I-ERG give:PFV-INF Rasul-DAT sweet
Translation: – Mother, can I give a sweet to Rasul?
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uh-es b-eg-a / ??b-eg-a-w / ??b-eg-a-ca .
Glosses: N-become:PFV-INF N-give:PFV-IMP.TR / N-give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL / N-give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL
Translation: – You can, give it to him.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: Abaj ag-a / ag-a-ca / ?ag-a-w nab k'amp'it'.
Glosses: Mother give:PFV-IMP.TR / give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL / give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL I.DAT sweet
Translation: Mother, give me a sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ?Maisarat Magomedovna ag-a-ca di-ze kung .
Glosses: Maisarat Magomedovna give:PFV-IMP.TR-PTCL I.OBL-INTER(LAT) book
Translation: Maisarat Magomedovna, give me the book please.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat ħu d-ak'-e-w-ca !
Glosses: Patimat you.sg(NOM) F1-come:PFV-IMP-PTCL-PTCL
Translation: Patimat, [you] come!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uc-a maza aʔ-a b-uħna .
Glosses: N-catch:PFV-IMP.TR sheep drive:PFV-IMP.TR N-inside(LAT)
Translation: Catch the sheep, let it inside.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat kaltuška꞊ra d-urʔun d-aq'-i-le ħarši d-aq'-a !
Glosses: Patimat potato꞊ADD NPL-clean NPL-do:PFV-AOR-CVB soup NPL-do:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Patimat, peel the potato and make the soup!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: k'amp'it'-une as-i-le tukaj-ħe-la ħu-ni꞊jal mu-d-uk-adi .
Glosses: sweet-PL take:PFV-AOR-CVB shop-IN-EL you.sg-ERG꞊EMPH NEGVOL-NPL-eat:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Buy some sweets, (but) don't eat them.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: deč' mi-m-iq'-adi !
Glosses: song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Don't sing!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: mu-lug-adi d-uk'-a-k'a-ra , maja g-i-le le-l-le hub-li-s .
Glosses: NEGVOL-give:IPFV-PROH F1-say:IPFV-IRR-COND-ADD Maja give:PFV-AOR-CVB AUX-F-CVB husband-OBL-DAT
Translation: Although she said: `Don't give', they still married Maja off'. (Text 14. Laces, 1.3)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: gurda b-ik'-uwe le-b sinka-li-ze b-is-mi-m-is-adi ħu .
Glosses: fox N-say:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-N bear-OBL-INTER(LAT) N-cry-NEGVOL-N-cry-PROH you.sg(NOM)
Translation: The fox said [to the bear]: “Don't cry”.' (Text M. A bear, a wolf
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: deč' mi-m-iq'-adi-na !
Glosses: song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH-IMP.PL
Translation: Don't sing!' (addressing several speakers)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *deč' mi-m-iq'-ad-na !
Glosses: song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH-IMP.PL
Translation: Intended: `Don't sing!' (addressing several speakers)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat , deč' mi-m-iq'-adi .
Glosses: Patimat song NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH
Translation: Patimat, don't sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat-li deč' mi-m-iq'-adi .
Glosses: Patimat-ERG song NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH
Translation: [Patimat] don't sing the song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: mi-m-iq'-adi-ca hel deč'!
Glosses: NEGVOL-M-do:IPFV-PROH-PTCL this song
Translation: Don't sing this song!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ma !
Glosses: INTJ
Translation: Take!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ma-na !
Glosses: INTJ-IMP.PL
Translation: Take (addressed to several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ma as-a !
Glosses: INTJ take:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Take!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ma-na as-a-na !
Glosses: INTJ-IMP.PL take:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL
Translation: Take (addressed to several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hara !
Glosses: INTJ
Translation: Look!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hara-na !
Glosses: INTJ-IMP.PL
Translation: Look! (addressing several people)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aš-e χal w-aq'-as ħa-la urtaq'.
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP seek M-do:PFV-INF you.sg.OBL-GEN friend
Translation: Let's look together for your friend' (Aspectual test 1, 1.121)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat , d-aš-e di-šu !
Glosses: Patimat, F1-go:IPFV-IMP I.OBL-AD(LAT)
Translation: Patimat, come to me!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e tukaj-ħe !
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP shop-IN(LAT)
Translation: Let's go to the shop!' (addressing a women)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʡali , w-aš-e di-šu !
Glosses: Ali, M-go:IPFV-IMP I.OBL-AD(LAT)
Translation: Ali, come to me!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aš-e tukaj-ħe !
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP shop-IN(LAT)
Translation: Let's go to the shop!' (addressing a man)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-ina tukaj-ħe !
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL shop.OBL-IN(LAT)
Translation: Go to the shop!' / `Let's go to the shop!' (addressing several people)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aš-e uz-es !
Glosses: M-come:IPFV-IMP M.work:IPFV-INF
Translation: Let us work! (addressing a boy)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e d-uz-es !
Glosses: F1-come:IPFV-IMP F1-work:IPFV-INF
Translation: Let us work! (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e deč' b-aq'-as !
Glosses: F1-come:IPFV-IMP song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's sing a song! (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aš-e deč' b-aq'-as !
Glosses: M-come:IPFV-IMP song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's sing a song! (addressing a boy)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e urši w-it'-es !
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP boy M-draw:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's draw a boy! (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aš-e dursi d-it'-es .
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP girl F1-draw:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's draw a girl (addressing a boy)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-ina deč' b-aq'-as .
Glosses: HPL-come:IPFV-IMP.PL song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's sing a song (addressing several people)!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e nuša tukaj-ħe b-uˤq'-as .
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP we shop.OBL-IN(LAT) HPL-go:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's go to the shop (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-e sinka b-erkʷ-es nuša-jni !
Glosses: N-go:IPFV-IMP bear N-eat:PFV-INF we-ERG
Translation: Let's eat the bear!' (fox addressing wolf) (Text M. A bear, a wolf and
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e deč' ħa-b-aq'-as .
Glosses: F1-come:IPFV-IMP song NEG-N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's not sing a song (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aš-e urši ħa-jt'-es .
Glosses: F1-go:IPFV-IMP boy NEG-M.draw:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's not draw a boy (addressing a girl)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: mi-d-ik'-adi deč' b-aq'-as .
Glosses: NEGVOL-F1-come:IPFV-PROH song N-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Don't come to sing a song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-ina qali꞊ra b-aq'-as , q'ʷaˤl꞊ra as-es .
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL house꞊ADD N-do:PFV-INF cow꞊ADD take-INF
Translation: Let's build the house and buy the cow.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-aš-ina qali b-aq'-as .
Glosses: HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL house N-do:PFV-CVB
Translation: Let's build the house.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ?qali b-aq'-as b-aš-ina .
Glosses: house N-do:PFV-CVB HPL-go:IPFV-IMP.PL
Translation: Let's build the house.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: w-aš-e-ca heč' xunul ʡaˤχ r-aq'-as .
Glosses: M-go:IPFV-IMP-PTCL that.higher woman good F-do:PFV-INF
Translation: Let's help that women.' (Text 06. Mahmud Omar who was friends with
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: musa uz-e bet'-a .
Glosses: Musa M.work:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Musa work.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: sa‹w›i-jal uˤq'-e bet'-a heʔʷan-i ʁiz-be-ču .
Glosses: ‹1›self-EMPH M.go:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR similar-ATR hair-PL-COMIT
Translation: With this kind of hair, let him drive on his own.' (Aspectual test 1,
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aq-a , niʔ d-ert-e / d-ert-a bet'-a .
Glosses: NPL-let:PFV-IMP.TR milk NPL-spoil:PFV-IMP / NPL-spoil:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Leave it, let the milk spoil.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: urš-be-jni deč' b-aq'-a bet'-a .
Glosses: boy-PL-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let the boys sing a song (addressing one person).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: urš-be-jni deč' b-aq'-a bet'-a-na .
Glosses: boy-PL-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR-IMP.PL
Translation: Let the boys sing a song (addressing several people).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad-ini deč' b-aq'-a bet'-a .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG song N-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Muhammad sing a song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: musa-ze uz-e bet'a .
Glosses: Musa-INTER(LAT) M.work:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Tell Musa to work.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad-ini deč' mi-m-iq'-adi bet'-a .
Glosses: Muħammad-ERG song NEGVOL-N-do:IPFV-PROH say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Muhammad not sing a song.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: išbari muħammad-ini t'ult' b-aq'-a bet'-a .
Glosses: today Muhammad-ERG bread N-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: Let Muhammad bake bread today.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uh-es꞊u muħammad-ini k'amp'it' as-es ?
Glosses: N-become:PFV-INF꞊Q Muhammad-ERG sweet take:PFV-INF
Translation: – May Muhammad take a sweet?
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: b-uh-es , as-a bet'-a .
Glosses: N-become:PFV-INF take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR
Translation: – (He) may, let him take one.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: rurž-e bet'-a ħarši .
Glosses: boil:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR soup
Translation: Let the soup boil.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-uh-e bet'-a dig-uj-s .
Glosses: F1-become:PFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR love-PTCP.OBL-DAT
Translation: Let her get married with anyone (lit. become to whoever she wants).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: it-ini as-a bet'-a k'amp'it'.
Glosses: that-ERG take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR sweet
Translation: Let him take your sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *nu-ni as-a bet'-a k'amp'it'.
Glosses: I-ERG take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR sweet
Translation: Intended: `Let me take a sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *ħu-ni as-a bet'-a k'amp'it'.
Glosses: you.sg-ERG take:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR sweet
Translation: Intended: `Let you take a sweet.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: uz-e bet'-a , saʁʷa-l꞊la miski-je uʔ-es-i it .
Glosses: M.work:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR how-ATR꞊ADD poor-ADVZ 1.be:IPFV-INF-ATR that
Translation: Let him work, he will still be poor (=Even if he works, he will still be poor)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-uʔ-e bet'-a хʷaldili amma quli-b ʜaˤnči ħa-b-iq'-an .
Glosses: F1-be:IPFV-IMP say:PFV-IMP.TR beautiful but home.IN-N(ESS) work NEG-N-do:IPFV-HAB
Translation: Let her be beautiful, but she does not do her work at home (Though
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ?aradeš ag-a bet'-a .
Glosses: health give:PFV-IMP.TR tell:IPFV-IMP.TR
Translation: ?Let [Allah] make [you] healthy.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: aradeš g-a-b !
Glosses: health give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] make [you] healthy!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aq'-a bet'-a zab .
Glosses: NPL-do:PFV-IMP.TR say:PFV-IMP.TR rain
Translation: Let it rain (I don't care).
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aq'-a-b zab !
Glosses: NPL-do:PFV-IRR-OPT rain
Translation: May it rain!
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: kapul-le w-ebk'-a-b !
Glosses: pagan-ADVZ M-die:PFV-IRR-OPT
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: kapul-le w-ebk'!
Glosses: pagan-ADVZ M-die:PFV(OPT)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ħa-la abaj r-ebk'!
Glosses: you.sg.OBL-GEN mother F-die:PFV(OPT)
Translation: May your mother die!' (…can be uttered by a mother of a child,
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ b-erʔʷ-a-b .
Glosses: root N-become.dry:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May the roots dry out.' (a bad wish, suggesting that the
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ b-erʔʷ .
Glosses: root N-become.dry:PFV(OPT)
Translation: May the roots dry out.' (same as (ex:5:108))
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ ha-b-le če-b-uq-a-b .
Glosses: root front-N-ADVZ PV-N-grow:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May it all grow roots up.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: maˤq'ʷ ha-b-le če-b-uq .
Glosses: root front-N-ADVZ PV-N-grow:PFV(OPT)
Translation: May it all grow roots up.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: qu b-alq-aq-ab !
Glosses: field N-grow:IPFV-CAUS-OPT
Translation: May the field grow!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: qu b-alq-aq !
Glosses: field N-grow:IPFV-CAUS(OPT)
Translation: May the field grow!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: qu b-alq-a-b !
Glosses: field N-grow:IPFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May the field grow!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hum-be ʡaˤχ d-uh-a-b !
Glosses: road-PL good NPL-become:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May you have a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hum-be ʡaˤχ d-uh-aq-a-b !
Glosses: way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Allah give you a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: allah-li-ni hum-be ʡaˤχ d-uh-aq-ab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-CAUS-OPT
Translation: May Allah give you a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: allah-li-ni qu b-alq-aq-ab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG field N-grow:IPFV-CAUS-OPT
Translation: May the field grow with the help of Allah!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *allah-li-ni hum-be ʡaˤχ d-uh-a-b !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: Intended: `May Allah give you a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *allah-li-ni qu b-alq-ab !
Glosses: Allah-OBL-ERG field N-grow:IPFV-OPT
Translation: Intended: `May the field grow with the help of Allah!
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: rasul w-ebk'-a-b !
Glosses: Rasul M-die:PFV-IRR-OPT
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: rasul w-ebk'-aq-a-b !
Glosses: Rasul M-die:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: pat'imat-ini rasul w-ebk'-aq-ab !
Glosses: Patimat-ERG Rasul M-die:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Patimat make Rasul die!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: dursi d-arš-i-le kalʔ-a-b ħa-la .
Glosses: girl F1-be.beautiful:PFV-AOR-CVB stay:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg.OBL-GEN
Translation: May your daughter be beautiful.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: urši q'uwat le-b-le kalʔ-a-b ħa-la .
Glosses: boy strength be-N-CVB stay:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg.OBL-GEN
Translation: May your son be strong.' (lit. May your boy stay having strength)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-arš-ib-i kalʔ-a-b ħu .
Glosses: F1-be.beautiful:PFV-AOR-PTCP stay-IRR-OPT you.sg
Translation: May you be beautiful.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: q'uwat le-w-i kalʔ-a-b ħu .
Glosses: strong be-M-PTCP stay:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg
Translation: May you be strong.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu r-ebk' / r-ebk'-ab !
Glosses: I F-die:PFV(OPT) / F-die:PFV-OPT
Translation: May I die [but not you – addressing the child]!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammadi-s hum-be ʡaˤχ d-uh-aq-a-b !
Glosses: Muhammad-DAT way-PL good NPL-become:PFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Muhammad have a good trip!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: muħammad-ini ʁačne ʡaˤχ-le d-ic-a-b .
Glosses: Muhammad-ERG calf.PL good-ADVZ NPL-sell:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May Muhammad sell calves with a profit.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ja-allah ħušab taliħ g-a-b !
Glosses: PTCL-Allah(NOM) you.pl.DAT luck give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] luck!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: allah-li ara-deš g-a-b !
Glosses: Allah-OBL(ERG) healthy-NMLZ give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] health!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: m-irq-ab ħu allah-li .
Glosses: NEGVOL-M.let.go:IPFV-OPT you.sg(NOM) Allah-OBL(ERG)
Translation: May Allah stay with you.' (= may Allah not let something bad happen to
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *allah-li ħu-ni b-iz-il t'ult' b-aq'-a-b .
Glosses: Allah-ERG you.sg-ERG N-tasty-ATR bread N-do:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: Intended: `May you make good bread with the help of Allah.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ʔaq' lug-a-b , balhni g-a-b .
Glosses: intellect give:IPFV-IRR-OPT knowledge give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] intellect, may [Allah] give [you] knowledge.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-aq-il arc g-a-b .
Glosses: NPL-much-ATR money give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May you be given [by Allah] a lot of money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: w-ebk'-a-b nu !
Glosses: M-die-IRR-OPT I
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *dag w-ebk'-a-b nu !
Glosses: yesterday M-die-IRR-OPT I
Translation: Intended: `I wish I had died yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: q'uwat g-a-b !
Glosses: strength give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [Allah] give [you] strength!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: k'ʷabaq'ala g-a-b .
Glosses: god.help give:PFV-IRR-OPT
Translation: May you have enough strength [to do your work].
Language: North-Central Dargwa ( translation)
Transcription: w-ebk'-a-b ħu !
Glosses: M-die:PFV-IRR-OPT you.sg
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ja-allah d-alq-aq-a-b !
Glosses: PTCL-Allah NPL-grow:IPFV-CAUS-IRR-OPT
Translation: May [it] grow! (wish formula addressed to the person who is
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ca di-la qali b-uʔ-ib-q'alle !
Glosses: PTCL I.OBL-GEN house N-become:PFV-AOR-CTRF
Translation: If only I had a house!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: di-la adami žaˤwal ʡaˤš-w-irq-ul-q'alle !
Glosses: I.OBL-GEN husband early PV-M-come.back:IPFV-ATR-CTRF
Translation: If only my husband came back soon!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu-ni čaj d-erž-es-q'alle !
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink:PFV-INF-CTRF
Translation: I wish I had some tea!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: dag w-ebk'-ib-q'alle nu !
Glosses: yesterday M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF I
Translation: If only I had died yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *nu-ni dag čaj d-erž-es-q'alle !
Glosses: I-ERG yesterday tea NPL-drink:PFV-INF-CTRF
Translation: Intended: `I wish I had some tea yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: *nu-ni čaj d-erž-a-k'a !
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink-IRR-COND
Translation: Intended: `I wish I had some tea yesterday!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu-ni čaj d-erž-a-k'a , ʡaˤχ-le b-uʔ-a-re .
Glosses: I-ERG tea NPL-drink-IRR-COND good-ADVZ N-become-IRR-PST
Translation: If I had some tea, it would be good.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: sinka-la k'a abzul-le ʁʷaˤn-ne d-elʔ-un-na wahaj-le꞊l ʁʷaˤn-ne luʔ-es w-aʔ-i-ra .
Glosses: bear-GEN PTCL all-ADVZ lie-PL NPL-tell:PFV-AOR-EGO very-ADVZ꞊EMPH lie-PL tell:IPFV-INF M-begin:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: As for the bear, I did actually tell fibs.' (Aspectual test 1, 1.89)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: d-arg-k'a il-di qulle di-ze d-arg-i-ra huni꞊ra b-arg-i-ra .
Glosses: NPL-find:PFV-PTCL this-PL house.PL I.OBL-INTER(LAT) NPL-find:PFV-AOR-EGO road꞊ADD N-find:PFV-AOR-EGO
Translation: As for getting there, I did reach those houses and found the street.' (Aspectual test 1, 1.164)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: luč'-ib-k'a il ʡaˤχ-le .
Glosses: learn:IPFV-IPFT-PTCL this good-ADVZ
Translation: As for studies, he did study well.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: luč'-an-k'a il ʡaˤχ-le amma abaj-s zahmat d-urh-an il d-aχ-as .
Glosses: learn:IPFV-HAB-PTCL this good-ADVZ but mother.OBL-DAT difficult F1-be:IPFV-HAB this F1-support-INF
Translation: As for studies, she makes good progress. But it is difficult for her
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: buč'꞊q'al buč'unni cab cik'al hankalgunnekːu .
Glosses: read:IPFV꞊PTCL read:IPFV.CVB COP nothing remember:IPFV.CVB+COP.NEG
Translation: As for reading, he reads (the book), but does not remember anything.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: buč'-ni-la q'alli buč'atːa cacajnaqːilla behelra…
Glosses: read:IPFV-NMLZ-GEN PTCL read.PRS.1SG sometimes however
Translation: As for reading, I read (books), but…
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu [di-la urši-li-ni xunul k-a-k'a] iχ-di-li-šu-r d-uʔ-es-i .
Glosses: I I.OBL-GEN boy-OBL-ERG wife bring:PFV-IRR-COND that-PL-OBL-AD-F(ESS) F1-be:PFV-INF-ATR
Translation: If my son gets married, I will live at their place.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nu꞊ra [iχ w-ebk'-ib-q'alle] d-ubk'-a-re .
Glosses: I꞊ADD this M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF F1-die:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If he died, I would have also died.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hel deħ b-aq'-a-k'a sinka-li nuša k'ʷi-jal-la b-erg-es .
Glosses: this smell N-do:PFV-IRR-COND bear-OBL(ERG) we two-CARD-ADD HPL-eat:PFV-INF
Translation: If the bear smells this, he will eat us both.' (Text M. A bear, a wolf
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: iti-s rasul hune-če w-ik-a-k'a-ra , it-ini beʁi-če waˤb-ʜaˤ-baˤt-ur .
Glosses: this.OBL-DAT Rasul way-SUPER(LAT) M-happen:PFV-IRR-COND-ADD this-ERG wedding.OBL-SUPER(LAT) call-NEG-LV:PFV-AOR
Translation: Although she met Rasul, she did not call him to the wedding.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: hete-r hed-di malʔun-t-ini r-uc-es q'-oˤwe le-l-le k'ʷan , nu ca-ʁida ajʁaj r-uh-ub-q'alle .
Glosses: there-F(ESS) that.far.away-PL devil-PL-ERG F-catch:PFV-INF go:IPFV-CVB.IPFV AUX-NPL-CVB QUOT I(NOM) one-few tarry F-become:PFV-AOR-CTRF
Translation: If I would tarry there for just a minute, these devils would get to me
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ca di-la urši-li-ni xunul d-ik-ul-q'alle !
Glosses: PTCL I.OBL-GEN boy-OBL-ERG wife F1-bring:IPFV-PTCP-CTRF
Translation: If only my son got married!
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: k'ala-li-ze-b le-b-re doˤʜi .
Glosses: Kala-OBL-INTER-N(ESS) be-N-PST snow
Translation: There was snow in Kala.' (Text 15, Lost Donkeys)
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: nab d-ig-ib-re čaj .
Glosses: I.DAT NPL-want:IPFV-IPFT-PST tea
Translation: I would like some tea.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: ?tukaj-ħe-la si-k'al is-ib-re nu-ni꞊ra , arc d-uʔ-ib-q'alle .
Glosses: shop-IN-EL what-INDEF take:IPFV-IPFT-PST I-ERG꞊ADD money NPL-be:IPFV-AOR-CTRF
Translation: I would have bought something in the shop, if (I) had some money.
Language: North-Central Dargwa (English translation)
Transcription: iχ w-ebk'-ib-q'alle , nu꞊ra d-ubk'-a-re .
Glosses: this M-die:PFV-AOR-CTRF I꞊ADD F1-die:IPFV-IRR-PST
Translation: If he had died, I would have also died.