lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ‘u Sargon sëmle mëqablonuto cam katowo w politiqayo .
Glosses: DEF Sargon had interview with writer and politician
Translation: Sargon interviewed a writer and a politician.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: lo atile funoye ṭowe m-u politiqayo
Glosses: NEG get answers good from-DEF politician
Translation: He didn’t get any interesting answers from the politician.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: Muše lat-yo ‘u kaowo yëḥidoyo d-u ktow-awo
Glosses: Moushe NEG-COP DEF author only of-DEF book-DEM.FEM
Translation: Moushe is not the only author of that book.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: Sona lo zmërla wa ‘i zmirto yaḥidayto b-u ḥago
Glosses: Sona NEG sing COP.PST DEF song only at-DEF party
Translation: Sona did not sing the only song at the party.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: a karkdone ḥewore mën-kara-ḍe
Glosses: DEF.PL rhino white became-extinct-3PL
Translation: The white rhino has become extinct.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ‘i eqaro amrikayto ko-quryo 16 ktowe kul šato
Glosses: DEF family American read 16 books every year
Translation: The American family reads 16 books a year.
Language: Turoyo ( translation)
Transcription: a kalbe lo kruḥmi a qatune
Glosses: DEF.PL dogs NEG love DEF.PL cats
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: a iṭaloye ṭaboxe ṭawe-ne
Glosses: DEF.PL Italians cooks good-COP.3PL
Translation: Italians are good cooks.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: Bob qrele ‘i gazeta , w John ste (qrela ‘i gazeta)
Glosses: bob read DEF newspaper and John also (read DEF newspaper)
Translation: Bob read the newspaper, and John did too.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: kroḥam-no ‘i radayta-yo ‘i semaqto
Glosses: love-1SG DEF car-DEM DEF red
Translation: I love that red car.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ‘u kalb-ayi ‘u šafiro
Glosses: DEF dog-POSS DEF beautiful
Translation: my beautiful dog
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: huwe yo ‘u zamor-ayi ‘u rḥimo
Glosses: PRO COP DEF artist-POSS DEF favorite
Translation: He is my favorite artist.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: aḥon-i ‘u nacimu
Glosses: brother-POSS DEF small
Translation: my younger brother
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: g-coyašno b-u bayt-ano ‘u nacimo
Glosses: FUT-live in-DEF house-DEM DEF small
Translation: I shall live in this small house.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: hate yo ‘i wardo d-Ashur ‘i šafirto
Glosses: this COP.PRES DEF rose of-Ashur DEF beautiful
Translation: This is Ashur’s beautiful rosebush
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ‘u-nacimo d-kulle
Glosses: DEF-small of-all
Translation: the smallest’ (lit. ‘the small of all’) Waltisberg (2016: 61, ex. (106))
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: rab kowo hano yo
Glosses: big.CMPR book DEM COP
Translation: This is the biggest book.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: Sargon salaq l-ali-tër ṭuro b-afrika
Glosses: Sargon climbed to-high-CMPR mountain in-Africa
Translation: Sargon climbed the highest mountain in Africa.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ‘i momo kosaymo basim-tër besqwit b-i brito
Glosses: DEF mother bakes tasty-CMPR cookies in-DEF world
Translation: Mom bakes the yummiest cookies in the whole world.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: lat-no ‘u hadomo d-i iqartaydi d-këtla nacëm-tër kacaro
Glosses: NEG-1SG DEF person of-DEF family.POSS COMP-has small-CMPR waist
Translation: I’m not the one in the family with the thinnest waist.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ono no d-košote noketz-tër qahwuto
Glosses: REDUP 1SG COMP-drink less-CMPR coffee
Translation: I am the one who drinks the least coffee.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ‘i momo këmmo-le kolazëm d-šote qahwuto noketz-tër
Glosses: DEF mother says-to.him needs to-drink coffee little-CMPR
Translation: Mom says that he ought to drink less coffee.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ṭav-tër yalufo b-u sedro d-malfono Malka gëd otile dašno
Glosses: good-CMPR student in-DEF class of-teacher Malka will get prize
Translation: The best student in Mr. Malka’s class will get a reward.’ (Wespel 2008)
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: b-u sedro d-malfono Malka ṭav-tër yalufo gëd otile dašno
Glosses: in-DEF class of-teacher Malka good-CMPR student will get prize
Translation: In Mr. Malka’s class, the best pupil will get a reward. (Wespel 2008)
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: me-bayne d-u Moushe wa ‘u Sargon wa ‘i Atour ‘u Sargon salak l-ali-tër ṭuro
Glosses: from-among of-DEF Moushe and DEF Sargon and DEF Atour DEF Sargon climbed to-high-CMPR mountain
Translation: Among Moushe, Sargon, and Atour, Sargon climbed the highest mountain.’ (Wespel 2008)
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: al-kaatib-u l-gayyid-u HaDar-a
Glosses: DEF-writer.3M.SG-NOM DEF-good.3M.SG-NOM came.3M.SG
Translation: The good (male) writer came.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: Aagwad-u kaatib-i-n HaDar-a
Glosses: good.SPRL-NOM writer.3M.SG-GEN-INDEF came.3M.SG
Translation: The best (male) writer came.
Language: Turoyo (English translation)
Transcription: ann armënoye ḥzalle cayni tacadda
Glosses: DEF.PL Armenians saw same persecution
Translation: The Armenians experienced the same persecution (as the Syriac people)’ (Jastrow & Talay 2019: 168)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maryam (a) ketāb . (b) yek ketāb (c) ketāb-rā kharid .
Glosses: Maryam  book   one book  book-OM bought . 
Translation: Maryam bought (a) a book / books / (b) a book / (c) the book
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Hæmeh ketāb khoondand .
Glosses: all book read.PL
Translation: All people read a book/books.’ ∀ > ∃
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ali ketab-e-kohneh kharid
Glosses: Ali book-EZ-old bought
Translation: Ali bought old books.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (KETĀB) (OFTAD)
Glosses: book fell.3SG
Translation: The book fell.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: (KETĀB oftad).
Glosses: book fell.3SG
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (MOOSH) ((GHAZA-RĀ) (KHORD-E)).
Glosses: mouse food-OM eat-PERF.3SG
Translation: The mouse ate the food
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: (GHAZA-RĀ) (MOOSH khord-e).
Glosses: food-OM mouse ate.3SG
Translation: The food, some mouse / mice ate.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Leila mikhad ye mashin be-khareh .
Glosses: Leila want.3SG a car SUBJUNCTIVE-buy.3SG
Translation: Leila wants to buy a car.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Max rooznameh khoond . Maryam ham hamin-tor .
Glosses: Max newspaper read.3SG Maryam also same-way
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Razi alcohol-rā kashf-kard .
Glosses: Razi alcohol-OM discover-did.3SG
Translation: Razi discovered alcohol.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: [ KETĀB₂ [ hamē [ diruz [ t₁ [ t₂ [ kharidand ]]]]]]
Glosses:  book  everybody  yesterday  bought.3PL
Translation: It is a book / books that everybody bought yesterday.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maryam yek ketāb-rā bardasht
Glosses: Maryam one book-OM picked.3SG
Translation: Maryam picked up a book
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: va be yek doost-i dād
Glosses: and to one friend-DAT gave.3SG
Translation: and gave it to a friend.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Oo ham foran khoond-esh .
Glosses: (s)he also immediately read-did.3SG
Translation: He read it immediately.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Har vaght Maryam yek ketāb mi-kharid , oon-o be yek doost-i mi-dad .
Glosses: every time Maryam one book DUR-buy.3SG that-OM to one friend-IDF DUR-gave3SG
Translation: Whenever Maryam bought a book, she gave it to a friend.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #Jeld charmi bood .
Glosses: cover-3SG leather was.3SG
Translation: Its cover was of leather.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Jeld charmi bood .
Glosses: cover-3PL leather was.3SG
Translation: Their covers were of leather.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maryam₁ ∃ [ t₁ ketāb kharid]
Glosses: Maryam  book bought
Translation: Maryam bought a book / books
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maryam too foroushgah yek ketāb va yek taghvim did .
Glosses: Maryam in store one book and one calendar saw.3SG
Translation: Maryam saw a book and a calendar in the store.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ketāb₁-rā ∃ [ t₁ kharid]
Glosses: book-OM  bought
Translation: Maryam bought the book.’ cf. DRS in (30b)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maryam₁ ∃ [ t₁ ketāb]. kharid Jeld-/  charmi bood .
Glosses: Maryam   book bought cover-3SG/3PL leather was.3SG
Translation: Maryam bought a book / books.’ ‘Its / their cover was/were of leather.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Ali #(ye) khaneh dareh . Khane-ye-digari ham dareh ke ejareh mideh .
Glosses: Ali one house has house-of-other also has that rent gives . 
Translation: Ali owns a house. He also owns another house that he rents.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maryam divar-rā rang zad .
Glosses: Maryam wall-OM color hit.3SG
Translation: Mary painted the wall.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #Gheimat-e-sh geroon bood
Glosses: price-of-it expensive was.3SG
Translation: Its price was high.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Gheimat-e rang geroon bood
Glosses: price-of color expensive was
Translation: The price of the paint was high.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Leili az ketāb-foroushi     khærid , va ba deghat kado-∅ / / kard , va be khaneh-ye-doost-a-sh raft .
Glosses: Leili from book-store book / one book bought.3SG and carefully wrapped-∅ / it / them did and to house-EZ-friend-EZ-her went.3SG
Translation: Leili bought a book/books from bookstore, carefully wrapped (∅-it-them) and went to the house of her friend.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Banna too sakhteman    sakht , modati baad …
Glosses: builder in building wall / one wall built, sometime later …
Translation: The builder constructed a wall in the building, but sometimes later…
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ▢ kharab kard ▢ kharab kard ▢ kharab kard
Glosses: destroy-Ø did.3SG  destroyed-it did.3SG  destroyed-them did.3SG
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Banna too sakhteman ▢  ▢  sakht , modati baad …
Glosses: builder in building  wall  one wall built, sometime later …
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: kharab kard / kharab kard / kharab kard
Glosses: destroy-Ø did.3SG  destroyed-it did.3SG  destroyed-them did.3SG
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Negar dar ketābkhooneh  /   khoond va ________________
Glosses: Negar in library newspaper / one newspaper read.3SG and
Translation: Negar read newspaper / a newspaper in the library and _________________________
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: az ketab-foroushi-e Tahoori ketab kharidam in faal-e hafez ra gozasht la-ye ketab .
Glosses: from book-store -EZ Tahoori book bought.1SG this poem-EZ Hafez-OM put.3SG in.between-EZ book
Translation: bought a book/books from Tahoori bookstore, they put this poem by Hafis into the book
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Voilà des fourmis . Montre-moi celle qui tire la coccinelle .
Glosses: Here some ants . Show-me this/that-her that pulls the . ladybug
Translation: Here are some ants. Show me the one that is pulling the ladybug.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Voilà des fourmis . Montre-moi celle que la coccinelle tire .
Glosses: Here some ants . Show-me this/that-her that the . ladybug pulls
Translation: Here are some ants. Show me the one that the ladybug is pulling.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Voilà des éléphants . Montre-moi ceux qui arrosent le garçon .
Glosses: Here some elephants . Show-me this/that-them that splash the . boy
Translation: SRC (number mismatch) +R – N+Masc+Pl +N+Masc+Sg ‘Here are some elephants. Show me the ones that are splashing the boy.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Voilà des éléphants . Montre-moi ceux que le garçon arrose .
Glosses: Here some elephants . Show-me this/that-them that the . boy splashes
Translation: Here are some elephants. Show me the ones that the boy is splashing.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Montre-moi le chameau  que le zèbre suit .
Glosses: Show-me the . camel that the . zebra follows
Translation: Show me the camel that the zebra is following.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Montre-moi le vélo que le chien suit .
Glosses: Show-me the . bike that the . dog follows
Translation: ORC animacy mismatch +R+N –An +N+An ‘Show me the bike that the dog is following.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Qui est-ce que la grenouille arrose6 ?
Glosses: Who ESK  the . frog splashes
Translation: Who is the frog splashing?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Quelle princesse est-ce que la grenouille arrose ?
Glosses: Which . princess ESK  the . frog splashes
Translation: Which princess is the frog splashing?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Tare li et . ha-sus she-mesarkim oto  (Friedmann et al . 2009)
Glosses: show to-me ACC the-horse that-brush-PL him  
Translation: Show me the horse that they. are brushing.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: La grenouille arrose qui/quelle princesse ?
Glosses: The.FEM.SG frog splashes who/which.FEM.SG princess
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Qui/Quelle princesse la grenouille arrose ?
Glosses: Who/Which.FEM.SG princess the.FEM.SG frog splashes
Translation: Who/Which princess is the frog splashing?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ani xoshev [ she [ et ha glida ha zo [ha yalda axla .]]]
Glosses: I think  that  P.ACC the-ice.cream the-this the-girl ate
Translation: I think that this girl ate this ice-cream.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ha-glida [ she-[ ot-a [ha yalda axla]]] hayta yeruka .
Glosses: the-ice.cream.FEM  that P.ACC-3SG.FEM the-girl ate was green
Translation: The ice-cream that the girl ate was green.
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: *Ani xoshev [ et ha glida ha zo [ she [ha yalda axla .]]]
Glosses: I think  P.ACC the-ice.cream the-this  that the-girl ate
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ani toha [ im [ et nisui ha xazara ha arox ha ze [miri herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder if  P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this Miri ran by-herself
Translation: I wonder whether Miri ran this long repetition experiment by herself.
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: *Ani toha [ et nisui ha-xazara ha arox ha-ze [ im [miri herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this if Miri ran by-herself
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: … ve-[ et ha maamar al afazia , [ mi roce lehacig ?]]
Glosses: … and P.ACC the-paper about aphasia who wants to.present
Translation: … ‘and who wants to present the-paper about aphasia?
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: *…. ve-[ mi [ et ha maamar al afazia roce lehacig]]?
Glosses: * and who P.ACC the-paper about aphasia wants to.present ?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: …. ve-[ lama [ et ha maamar al afazia [at lo roca lehacig ?]]]
Glosses: …. and why P.ACC the-paper about aphasia you no want to.present
Translation: … ‘and why don’t you want to present the-paper about aphasia?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Pitom Yoni hitxarfen ve halax .
Glosses: suddenly Yoni flipped_out and-left
Translation: Suddenly Yoni flipped out and left.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: [ Mi [ pitom kam ve-halax ?]]
Glosses:  who suddenly stood_up and-left
Translation: Who suddenly stood up and left?
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: ??[ Pitom [ mi kam ve-halax ?]]
Glosses:  suddenly who stood_up and-left
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: [ Pitom [ lakax [ Yoni et ha duvdevanim ve halax .]]]
Glosses:  suddenly  took  Yoni P.ACC the-cherries and-left
Translation: Suddenly Yoni took the cherries and left.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ma axla ha yalda b a    kikar ?
Glosses: what ate the-girl in-the-square
Translation: What did the girl in the square eat?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Eix osa para ?
Glosses: how does cow
Translation: What sound does a cow make?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ani toha ma axla ha yalda b a    kikar .
Glosses: I wonder what ate the-girl in-the-square
Translation: I wonder what the girl ate in the square.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Et ha-glida axla ha yalda be-teavon rav .
Glosses: P.ACC the-ice.cream ate the-girl in appetite much
Translation: The girl ate the ice-cream with much appetite.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ha glida she axla ha yalda hayta yeruka .
Glosses: the-ice.cream that-ate the-girl was green
Translation: The ice-cream that the girl ate was green.
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: *Ani xoshev she axla ha yalda glida .
Glosses: I think that-ate the-girl ice.cream
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Axshav ani ekax et ha dag ha ze . (Uri , 2;5)
Glosses: now I take.FUT P.ACC the-fish the-this
Translation: Now I will take this fish.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ze oxel she-(arb pro)-notnim b-a-tei .
Glosses: this food that              give.PL in-the-tea
Translation: that’s food that one puts(?) in the tea.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Hine ha gorila she-(pro)-macat .
Glosses: here the-gorilla that        found.2SG.FEM
Translation: Here is the gorilla that you found.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ani ekax od cura she-ani roce .
Glosses: I take.FUT another form that-I want
Translation: I will take another form that I want.
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Eize tinok (arb pro)-nasim po levad ?
Glosses: which baby put.FUT.PL here alone
Translation: Which baby shall we put here alone?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Dag be-ceva kesef she lo maca l o xaverim .
Glosses: fish in color silver that-no found for-him friends
Translation: A silver-colored fish that hasn’t found any friends.
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: ? ….ve-[ et ha maamar al afazia [ lama at lo roca lehacig ? ]]
Glosses:  ….and P.ACC the-paper about aphasia why you not want to.present
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Ani toha [ lama [ et nisui ha xazara ha arox ha ze [Hedva herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder why P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this Hedva ran in-herself
Translation: I wonder why did Hedva run this long repetition experiment by herself.
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: *Ani toha [ et nisui ha xazara ha arox ha ze [ lama [Hedva herica be-acma .]]]
Glosses: I wonder P.ACC experiment the-repetition the-long the-this why Hedva ran in-herself
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: (b a    yeshiva) etmol , mi kam ve halax ?
Glosses: (in-the-meeting) yesterday who stood_up and-left
Translation: (In-the-meeting) yesterday, who stood up and left?
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: Et ha xaver ha ze Dan pagash b a    gan .
Glosses: P.ACC the-friend the-this Dan met in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: Et ha xaver ha ze pagash Dan b a    gan .
Glosses: P.ACC the-friend the-this met Dan in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: Ha xaver ha ze , Dan pagash ot o b-a    gan .
Glosses: the-friend the-this, Dan met P.ACC-3SG.MAS in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: *Ha xaver ha ze , pagash Dan ot o b a    gan .
Glosses: the-friend the-this, met Dan P.ACC-3SG.MAS in-the-garden
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: Lama ma kara ?
Glosses: why what happened ?
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: Lama ma ?
Glosses: why what ?
Language: Modern Hebrew ( translation)
Transcription: Lama mi met ?
Glosses: why who died ?
Language: Modern Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Hine safta ba’a (Leor 2;2)
Glosses: here grandma comes
Translation: Here comes grandma.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: era su primer clase […] porque ella era una junior
Glosses: be-IMP.3SG her first class […] because she be-IMP.3SG a . junior
Translation: it was her first class because she was a junior’ (CESA024)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: sí , tengo un pues ahorita tengo un stepson
Glosses: yes, have-PRS.1SG um well right now have-PRS.1SG a . stepson . 
Translation: yes, right now I have a stepson’ (CESA024)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: él hasta a veces lo saco sin la leash
Glosses: ‘he [a dog] sometimes CL.ACC take-PST.1SG out without the . leash’
Translation: sometimes I even take him [the dog] out without the leash’ (CESA028)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: y siempre tenía un wand […] pero él cargaba el wand
Glosses: and always have-IMP.3SG a . wand […] but he carry-IMP.3SG the . wand
Translation: and he always had a wand […] but he would carry the wand’ (CESA020)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: porque yo era una tomboy cuando era chiquita
Glosses: because I be-IMP.1SG a . tomboy when be-IMP.1SG small-F
Translation: because I was a tomboy when I was little’ (CESA013)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: mi amiga era una border patrol agent
Glosses: my friend-F.SG be-IMP.3SG a . border patrol agent
Translation: my friend was a border patrol agent’ (CESA024)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: pero queríamos el bishop
Glosses: but want-IMP.2PL the . bishop
Translation: but we wanted the bishop’ (CESA006)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Cristóbal Colón no es-no descubrió , fue un intruder
Glosses: C . C . no is -no discover-PAST.3SG is.PAST.3SG a . intruder
Translation: C. C. did not discover, he was an intruder’ (CESA0045)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ehh , me pusieron en la cash registrar ahora
Glosses: ehh, CL put-PAST.3PL in the . cash registrar now
Translation: ehh, they put me in the cash register’ (CESA041)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: pero también el curfew para mí se lo quitaron mis papás
Glosses: but also the . curfew for me CL CL.ACC take-PAST.3PL my parents
Translation: but the curfew my parents lift it out too’ (CESA067)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Y él tenía alto . Y yo tenía el go
Glosses: and he have-IMP.3SG stop . And I have-IMP.1SG the . go
Translation: and he had a red light. And I had a green light’ (CESA041)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: me hicieron un drop una de mis clases
Glosses: to-me do-PAST.3PL a . drop one-F of my classes
Translation: they dropped one of my classes’ (CESA062)
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: The old man está enojado . (Woolford 1983: 527)
Glosses: The old man is mad-M
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: I’m not terca . (Pfaff 1979: 305)
Glosses: I’m not stubborn-F
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: pues yo voy a entrar en el army
Glosses: well I go-PST.1SG to join-INF in the . army
Translation: well, I will join the army’ (CESA007)
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *Leer , lamento que haya leído .
Glosses: to.read regret.1SG that have.3SG read
Translation: As for reading, I regret that she/he did read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *Lamento que algo haya leído .
Glosses: regret.1SG that something have.3SG read
Translation: I regret that she/he did read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer el libro , sé que lo leyó .
Glosses: to.read the book know.1SG that it read.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, I know that he read it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *Leer el libro , lamento que lo haya leído .
Glosses: to.read the book regret.1SG that it have.3SG read
Translation: As for reading the book, I regret that he read it.
Language: Ancient Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: Lirkod Gil lo yirkod ba-xayim .
Glosses: to.dance Gil not will.dance in.the.life
Translation: As for dancing, Gil will never dance.
Language: Hungarian (English translation)
Transcription: Énekelni , énekelt Mari .
Glosses: to.sing sang.3SG Mari
Translation: As far as singing is concerned, Mari did sing yesterday.
Language: Eastern Yiddish (English translation)
Transcription: Essen fish est Maks .
Glosses: to.eat fish eat.3SG Maks
Translation: As for eating fish, Maks eats them.
Language: Brazilian Portuguese (English translation)
Transcription: Emprestar a caneta para a Maria , o João emprestou .
Glosses: to.lend the pen for the Maria the João lent.3SG
Translation: As for lending the pen to Maria, João lent it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , leyó .
Glosses: to.read read.3SG
Translation: As for reading, she/he did read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer el libro , lo leyó .
Glosses: to.read the book it read.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, she/he did read it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Juan no leyó el libro .
Glosses: Juan not read.3SG the book
Translation: Juan did not read the book
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , lo LEYÓ (pero no lo entendió).
Glosses: to.read it read.3SG but not it understood.3SG
Translation: As for reading, he did read it (but he did not understand it).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , leí EL LIBRO (no la revista).
Glosses: to.read read.1SG the book not the magazine
Translation: As for reading, I read THE BOOK (not the magazine).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer el libro , lo leí YO (no Juan).
Glosses: to.read the book it read.1SG I not Juan
Translation: As for reading the book, I read it (not Juan).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer el libro , lo leí AYER (no hoy).
Glosses: to.read the book it read.1SG yesterday not today
Translation: As for reading the book, I read it YESTERDAY (not today).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Leyó el libro Juan ?
Glosses: read.3SG the book Juan
Translation: Did Juan read the book?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , lo leyó (pero no lo entendió).
Glosses: to.read it read.3SG but not it understood.3SG
Translation: As for reading, he did read it (but he did not understand it).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Que leyó Juan ? ¿El libro o la revista ?
Glosses: what read.3SG Juan the book or the magazine
Translation: What did Juan read? The book or the magazine?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , leyó el libro (la revista solo la ojeó).
Glosses: to.read read.3SG the book the magazine only it had.a.look.at.3SG
Translation: As for reading, he read the book (the magazine, he just had a look at it).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , LEYÓ el libro .
Glosses: to.read read.3SG the book
Translation: As for reading, she/he did read the book.
Language: Spanish ( translation)
Transcription: Leer , POL LEYÓ el libro .
Glosses: to.read  read.3SG the book
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , creo que leyó .
Glosses: to.read think.1SG that read.3SG
Translation: As for reading, I think that she/he did read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , creo que leyó un libro .
Glosses: to.read think.1SG that read.3SG a book
Translation: As for reading, I think that she/he read a book.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer el libro , sé que lo leyó (pero no lo entendió).
Glosses: to.read the book know.1SG that it read but not it understood.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, I know that she/he did read it (but she/he did not understand it).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *Leer el libro , lamento que lo haya leído (perono no lo entendió).
Glosses: to.read the book regret.1SG that it have.3SG read but not it understood.3SG
Translation: As for reading, I regret that she/he did read it (but she/he did not understand it).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , sé que leyó EL LIBRO (no la revista).
Glosses: to.read know.1SG that read.3SG the book not the magazine
Translation: As for reading, I know that she/he read THE BOOK (not the magazine).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , lamento que haya leído EL LIBRO (no la revista).
Glosses: to.read regret.1SG that have.3SG read the book not the magazine
Translation: As for reading, I regret that she/he read THE BOOK (not the magazine).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: el libro , lamento que POL lo haya leído .
Glosses: the book regret.1SG that it have.3SG read
Translation: *Leer to.read ‘As for reading the book, I regret that POL she/he did read it.
Language: Spanish ( translation)
Transcription: *Leer el libro , lamento que POL lo haya leído .
Glosses: to.read the book regret.1SG that  it have.3SG read
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Qué libro leyó Juan ?
Glosses: what book read.3SG Juan
Translation: What book did Juan read?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: #Lamento que haya leído Ficciones .
Glosses: regret.1SG that have.3SG read Ficciones
Translation: I regret that he read Ficciones.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Qué libro lamentás que haya leído Juan ?
Glosses: what book regret.2SG that have.3SG reag Juan
Translation: What book do you regret that Juan read?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Lamento que haya leído Ficciones .
Glosses: regret.1SG that have.3SG read Ficciones
Translation: I regret that he read Ficciones.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Qué lamentás que haya leído Juan ? ¿ El libro o la revista ?
Glosses: what regret.2SG that have.3SG read Juan the book or the magazine
Translation: What do you regret that Juan read? The book or the magazine?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , lamento que haya leído [el libro].
Glosses: to.read regret.1SG that have.3SG read the book
Translation: As for reading, I regret that he read [the book].
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Juan leyó el libro ?
Glosses: Juan read.3SG the book
Translation: Did Juan read the book?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , sé que lo leyó (pero no lo entendió).
Glosses: to.read know.1SG that it read.3SG but not it understood.3SG
Translation: As for reading, I know that he did read it (but he did not understand it).
Language: Spanish ( translation)
Transcription: Leer , sé que POL lo leyó .
Glosses: to.read know.1G that  it read.3SG
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Qué leyó Juan ? ¿El libro o la revista ?
Glosses: what read.3SG Juan the book or the magazine
Translation: What did Juan read? The book or the magazine?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , sé que leyó [el libro] (la revista solo la ojeó).
Glosses: to.read know.1SG that read.3SG the book the magazine only it had.a.look.at.3SG
Translation: As for reading, I know that he read [the book] (the magazine, he just had a look at it).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Sabe Juan que aprobó ?
Glosses: know.3SG Juan that passed.3SG
Translation: Does Juan knows that he passed (the exam)?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: #Aprobar , sabe que APROBÓ .
Glosses: to.pass know.3SG that passed.3SG
Translation: As for passing the exam, he knows that he did pass it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿Lamentás haber leído el libro ?
Glosses: regret.2SG to.have read the book
Translation: Do you regret having read the book?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Leer , LAMENTO haberlo leído (pero no lamento haberlo comprado).
Glosses: to.read regret.1SG to.have-it read but not regret.1SG to.have-it bought
Translation: As for reading, I do regret having read it (but I do not regret having bought it).
Language: Spanish ( translation)
Transcription: Leer , [POL LAMENTO haberlo leído .]
Glosses: to.read  regret.1SG to.have-it read
Language: Spanish ( translation)
Transcription: Perdió Federer ?
Glosses: lost.3SG Federer
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Perder , lamento informarte que perdió , pero clasificó .
Glosses: to.lose regret.1SG to.inform-you that lost.3SG but classified.3SG
Translation: As for losing, I regret to inform you that he did lost, but he classified.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Algo leyó .
Glosses: something read.3SG
Translation: She/he did read.’ (Lit. ‘She/he read something’)
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Creo que algo leyó .
Glosses: think.1SG that something read.3SG
Translation: I think he did read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Sé que algo leyó .
Glosses: know.1SG that something read.3SG
Translation: I know that he did read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Juan SÍ leyó el libro .
Glosses: Juan yes read.3SG the book
Translation: Juan did read the book.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Creo que SÍ lo leyó .
Glosses: think.1SG that yes it read.3SG
Translation: I think that he did read it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Yo sé que Juan SÍ leyó el libro .
Glosses: I know.1SG that Juan yes read.3SG the book
Translation: I know that Juan did read the book.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *Yo lamento que Juan SÍ haya leído el libro .
Glosses: I regret.1SG that Juan yes have.3SG read the book
Translation: I regret that Juan did read the book.
Language: Brazilian Portuguese (English translation)
Transcription: Emprestar a caneta para Maria , o João emprestou .
Glosses: to.lend the pen for Maria the João lent
Translation: As for lending the pen to Maria, João lent it.
Language: Ancient Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: likro , ani xošev še-hu kara .
Glosses: to.read I think that-he read
Translation: As for reading, I think that he read.
Language: Hungarian (English translation)
Transcription: Olvasni azt hiszem hogy olvasott .
Glosses: to.read that.ACC think.1SG that read.PST.2SG
Translation: As for reading, I think he read.
Language: Eastern Yiddish (English translation)
Transcription: Leynen , meyn ikh er hot geleynt .
Glosses: to.read think I he has read
Translation: As for reading, I think that he read.
Language: Brazilian Portuguese (English translation)
Transcription: Ler o livro , acho que João leu .
Glosses: to.read the book think.1SG that João read.PST.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, I think that João read it.
Language: Ancient Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: likro , ani yode’a še-hu kara .
Glosses: to.read I know that-he read
Translation: As for reading, I know that he read.
Language: Ancient Hebrew (English translation)
Transcription: *likro , xaval li še-hu kara .
Glosses: to.read pity to.me that-he read
Translation: As for reading, I regret that he read.
Language: Hungarian (English translation)
Transcription: Olvasni tudom , hogy olvasott .
Glosses: to.read know.1SG that read.PST.2SG
Translation: As for reading, I know he read.
Language: Hungarian (English translation)
Transcription: *Olvasni sajnálom , hogy olvasott .16
Glosses: to.read regret.1SG that read.PST.2SG
Translation: As for reading, I regret he read.
Language: Eastern Yiddish (English translation)
Transcription: Leynen , veys ikh er hot geleynt .
Glosses: to.read know I he has read
Translation: As for reading, I know that he read.
Language: Eastern Yiddish (English translation)
Transcription: *Leynen , iz mir a shod vos er hot geleynt .
Glosses: to.read is me a pity that he has read
Translation: As for reading, I regret that he read.
Language: Brazilian Portuguese (English translation)
Transcription: Ler o livro , tenho certeza que João leu .
Glosses: to.read the book have.1SG certainty that João read.PST.3SG
Translation: As for reading the book, I know that João read it.
Language: Brazilian Portuguese (English translation)
Transcription: *Ler o livro , lamento que João tenha lido .
Glosses: to.read the book regret.1SG that João have.3SG read
Translation: As for reading the book, I regret that João read it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Karl HAT den Hund gefuttert .
Glosses: Carl have.3SG the dog fed
Translation: Carl DID feed the dog.’ (Lohnstein 2016: 291)
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: (Aber Maria glaubt ,) DASS Karl in Urlaub gefahren ist .
Glosses: but Maria believe.3SG that Carl in holidays driven is
Translation: (But Maria believes) that Carl DID go on holidays.’ (Lohnstein 2016: 291)
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Ich denke , dass Paul ein Buch geschrieben hat .
Glosses: I think.1SG that Paul a book written have.3SG
Translation: I think that Paul DID write a book.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Ich denke , dass Paul in Rom IST .
Glosses: I think.1SG that Paul in Rome be.3SG
Translation: I think that Paul IS in Rome.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: #Ich denke , dass Paul Bucher SCHREIBT .
Glosses: I think.1SG that Paul books writes
Translation: I think that Paul WRITES books.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: #Peter bedauert , DASS Fritz die Katze überfahren hat .
Glosses: Peter regret.3SG that Fritz the cat run.over have.3SG
Translation: Peter regrets THAT Fritz ran over the cat.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: #Peter ärgert sich darüber , DASS Fritz die Katze überfahren hat .
Glosses: Peter annoyed himself there-about that Fritz die cat run.over have.3SG
Translation: Peter is annoyed THAT Fritz ran over the cat.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: #Ja stimmt , mensch , ich hab’ doch tatsächlich vergessen , dass er heute Geburtstag HAT .
Glosses: yes true gosh I have doch indeed forgotten that he today birthday has
Translation: Right, gosh, I completely forgot that it is his birthday today.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Sie ärgert sich darüber , dass ihre Tochter gestern mit ihr in der Oper WAR .
Glosses: she is.angry herself about that her daughter yersterday with her in the opera was
Translation: She is angry that her daughter DID accompany her.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Er bereut , DASS Paul das Buch gelesen hat .
Glosses: he regret.3SG that Paul the book read have.3SG
Translation: He regrets that Paul DID read the book.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: haay42 ?aa33haan24 plaa33thɔɔŋ33 kan33thə22
Glosses: give food goldfish let.us
Translation: Let’s feed the goldfish.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: plaa33thɔɔŋ33 taay33 lɛɛw45
Glosses: goldfish die PART
Translation: The goldfish died (previously it was alive and was expected not to die afterwards).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: thiaw42bin33 pay33 lɔn33 chay45 wee33laa33 sip22 chua42mooŋ33
Glosses: flight go London use time ten hour
Translation: A flight to London takes ten hours.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: khray33 bɔɔk22 man33 chay45 wee33laa33 sip22saam24 chua42mooŋ33 taaŋ22haak22 / *lɛɛw45
Glosses: who tell it use time thirteen hour PART PART
Translation: Who told you? It takes thirteen hours.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿A quién sabés que invitó Juan a la fiesta ?
Glosses: to who know.2SG that invited.3SG Juan to the party
Translation: Who do you know that Juan invited to the party?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *¿Cómo sabés que bailó Juan ?
Glosses: how know.2SG that danced.3SG Juan
Translation: How do you know that Juan danced?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: ¿A quién lamentás que haya invitado Juan a la fiesta ?
Glosses: to who regret.2SG that have.3SG invited Juan to the party
Translation: Who do you regret that Juan invited to the party?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: *¿Cómo lamentás que haya bailado Juan ?
Glosses: how regret.2SG that have.3SG danced Juan
Translation: How do you regret that Juan danced?
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Juan leyó el libro , leer .
Glosses: Juan read.3SG the book to.read
Translation: INTENDED: “Juan read the book, to read.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Lamentar , LAMENTO haberlo leído (pero no puedo hacer nada).
Glosses: to.regret regret.1SG to.have-it read but not can.1SG to.do nothing
Translation: As for regretting, I do regret having read it (but there is nothing I can do).
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Lamento que SÍ lo leyó .
Glosses: regret.1SG that yes it read.3SG.IND
Translation: I regret that he did read it.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Juan está enojado , odia ir al cine solo . Lamenta que Pedro no lo haya acompañado .
Glosses: Juan is angry hate.3SG to.go to-the cinema alone regret.3SG that Pedro not him have.3SG gone-with
Translation: Juan is angry, he hates going to the cinema alone. He regrets that Pedro didn’t go with him.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: No , estás equivocado . A Juan le ENCANTA ir al cine solo . Lamenta que Pedro SÍ lo haya acompañado .
Glosses: no are wrong to Juan CL.3SG love.3SG to.go to-the cinema alone regret.3SG that Pedro yes him have.3SG gone-with
Translation: You’re wrong. Juan LOVES going to the cinema alone. He regrets that Pedro DID go with him.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: Juan está enojado , lamenta que Pedro no haya leído su libro .
Glosses: Juan is angry regret.3SG that Pedro not have.3SG read his book
Translation: Juan is angry, he regrets that Pedro didn’t read his book.
Language: Spanish (English translation)
Transcription: No , estás equivocado . Juan odia su libro . *Leer , lamenta que Pedro lo haya leído . (cf . Lamenta que Pedro SÍ lo haya leído).
Glosses: no are wrong Juan hate.3SG his book to.read regret.3SG that Pedro it have.3SG read  regret.H3SG that Pedro yes it have.3SG read
Translation: INTENDED: ‘No, you’re wrong. Juan hates his book. As for reading, he regrets that Pedro DID read it.’ (cf.‘He regrets that Pedro DID read it.’)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maria wird wohl fahren , aber Hans vermutlich nicht (Contrastive topic ellipsis)
Glosses: Maria will PART go but Hans probably not 
Translation: Lit: ‘Maria will go but Hans probably not.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Maria wird wohl fahren , aber vermutlich Hans nicht
Glosses: Maria will PART go but probably Hans not
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maria wird wohl nicht fahren , aber vermutlich Hans (Contrastive focus ellipsis)
Glosses: Maria will PART not go but probably Hans 
Translation: Lit: ‘Maria will not go but probably Hans (will go).
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: modir monshi estekhdām=kard vali moāven na (estekhdām=na-kard)
Glosses: manager secretary hire=did.3SG but assistant NEG hire=NEG-did.3SG
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Am Dienstag hat der Direktor den Schüler getadelt , und nicht der/den Lehrer
Glosses: on Tuesday has the.NOM principal the.ACC student criticized and not the.NOM/ACC teacher
Translation: On Tuesday, the principal criticized the students, and not the teacher.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: emrooz [ Kimea ketāb-rā be Parviz mi-d-e]
Glosses: today  Kimea book-rā to Parviz DUR-give-3SG
Translation: Kimea will give the book to Parviz today.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Kimea emrooz [ ketāb-rā be Parviz mi-d-e]
Glosses: Kimea today  book-rā to Parviz DUR-give-3SG
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ketāb-rā emrooz [ Kimea  be Parviz mi-d-e]
Glosses: book-rā today  Kimea  to Parviz DUR-give-3SG
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: [be Parviz] emrooz [ Kimea ketāb-rā  mi-d-e]
Glosses: to Parviz today  Kimea book-rā  DUR-give-3SG (Karimi 2005: 113)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Araz ketāb kharid
Glosses: Araz book bought.3SG
Translation: Araz bought a book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Araz ketāb-rā kharid
Glosses: Araz book-rā bought.3SG
Translation: Araz bought the book.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Parviz barā Kimea ketāb dāstān kharid
Glosses: Parviz for Kimea book story bought.3SG
Translation: Parviz bought a storybook for Kimea.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Parviz ketāb dāstān-rā barā Kimea kharid
Glosses: Parviz book story-rā for Kimea bought.3SG
Translation: Parviz bought the story book for Kimea.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kimea emruz  ketāb-rā be Parviz mi-d-e
Glosses: Kimea today  book-rā to Parive DUR-give-3SG
Translation: Kimea will give the book to Parviz today.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: ketāb-rā emruz Kimea  be Parviz mi-d-e
Glosses: book-rā today Kimea  to Parviz DUR-give-3SG
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: be Parviz emruz Kimea ketāb-rā  mi-d-e
Glosses: to Parviz today Kimea book-rā  DUR-give-3SG    (Karimi 2005: 113)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kimea ketāb-ā-rā be Parviz dād ?
Glosses: Kimea book-PL-rā to Parviz gave.3SG
Translation: Did Kimea give the books to Parviz?
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: na , RAHJUE unā-rā be Parviz dād
Glosses: no Rahjue them-rā to Parviz gave.3SG                (Subject contrastive topic)
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: na , MAJALE-hā-rā Kimea be Parviz dād
Glosses: no magazine-PL-rā Kimea to Parviz gave.3SG        (Object contrastive topic)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Kimea aqlab ketāb dāstān barā bache-hā mi-khun-e
Glosses: Kimea often book story for child-PL DUR-read-3SG
Translation: Kimea often reads (a) STORY BOOK for children (rather than a poetry book).
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: in ketāb dāstān-rā Kimea aqlab barā bache-hā mi-khun-e
Glosses: this book story-rā Kimea often for kid-PL DUR-read-3SG
Translation: It is THIS STORY BOOK that Kimea often reads for the kids.’ (Focus interpretation) ‘As for this story book, Kimea often reads (it) for the kids.’ (Topic interpretation)
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: modir monshi estekhdām=kard vali moāven na
Glosses: manager secretary hire=did.3SG but assistant NEG
Translation: i. Object contrast: ‘The manager hired a secretary but the manager did not hire an assistant.’ ii. Subject contrast: ‘The manager hired a secretary but the assistant did not hire a secretary.