lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤɕi qaj nɯ tɤtɤɣ ɯ-ŋgɯ rɕɯβrɕɯβrɕɯβrɕɯβ ʑo pjɯ-lɤt nɯ , ɯ-zgra nɯ pjɤ-sɤ-mtsʰɤm .
Glosses: barley wheat DEM cupboard 3SG.POSS-in IDPH(X):rustling EMPH IPFV-release DEM 3SG.POSS-noise DEM IFR.IPFV-pro-hear
Translation: (In the night), one could hear the rustling noise of the [one-legged demon]_i pouring barley and wheat grains into the cupboard (of the woman with whom he_i was having a relationship). (140510 rkoNJAl) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003943#S30"></fn>
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: kú-wɣ-rtoʁ tɯ-mɲaʁ kɯ ɯ-mɤlɤjaʁ ra mɯ́j-saχsɤl ʑo ri , “ʑeʑeʑeʑeʑeʑe" ʑo tu-ti ju-ɕe qʰe , ɯ-tɯ-mbjom sɤre ʑo
Glosses: IPFV-INV-look GENR.POSS-eye ERG 3SG.POSS-limb PL NEG:SENS-be.clear EMPH LNK IDPH(II):sound EMPH IPFV-say IPFV-go LNK 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.quick be.ridiculous:FACT EMPH
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-mɤlɤjaʁ kɯra nɤ kɯra tu-ste qʰe tɕe , iɕqʰa staχpɯrɟɤskʰi ɣɯ ɯ-jwaʁ nɯ xɯrinɤxɯri ʑo tu-sɯ-mtɕɯr .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-limb DEM.PROX:PL ADD DEM.PROX:PL IPFV-do.like[III] LNK LNK the.aforementioned plant.name GEN 3SG.POSS-leave DEM IDPH(IX):round EMPH IPFV-CAUS-turn
Translation: [There is a species of insect which] does this with its legs repeatedly, and rotates the leaves of the staχpɯrɟɤskʰi very quickly.' (18-NGolo)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mbro kɯ … tɕʰeme nɯ bɤβ ʑo pjɤ-βde qʰe
Glosses: horse ERG _ girl DEM IDPH(I):heavy.object.falling EMPH IFR:DOWN-throw LNK
Translation: The horse (…) and threw the girl down, making `bom' (on the ground).' (2003 kAndZWsqhaj)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: li mbalɤ-pɯ nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-qom ra rɯβnɤrɯβ ʑo ɲɤ-ɬoʁ ɕti qʰe
Glosses: again bull-DIM DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-tear PL IDPH(III):dripping.continuously EMPH IFR-come.out be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: The tears of the calf flowed, dripping without stop.' (140512 fushang he yaomo-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-kɤ-nɯzdɯɣ ɲɯ-dɤn tɕe , ɯ-sɯm rɯwɯrawi ɲɯ-xtsu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-be.worried.about SENS-be.many LNK 3SG.POSS-mind IDPH(VIII):confused IPFV-ferment
Translation: He is worried about many things, and he feels upset and confused.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕeri nɯnɯ ɯ-rme nɯ dzoŋdzoŋ ɲɯ-pa
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-hair DEM IDPH(II):bristling.hair SENS-AUX
Translation: The hair [on the squirrel's tail] is bristling.' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-ŋke-a tɕe a-mi dzoŋnɤdzoŋ ʑo ɲɯ-ti ma cʰɤ-ndʑɯrpɯt
Glosses: IPFV:UP-walk-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-foot IDPH(III):feel.itchy EMPH SENS-say because IFR-be.numb
Translation: My foot feels itchy as I walk, because it was numb.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: xɕelwi rcanɯ , tɯ-se nɯ ku-tsʰi nɤ ku-tsʰi , (...) ɯ-xtu nɯ xtʂóŋ .xtʂoŋ ʑo ɲɯ-pa ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: tick UNEXP:DEG GENR.POSS-blood DEM IPFV-drink ADD IPFV-drink (...) 3SG.POSS-belly DEM IDPH(II):bloated EMPH IPFV-AUX SENS-be
Translation: The tick drinks one's blood again and again, (…) so that its belly become bloated.' (25-xCelwi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003664#S42"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe ma nɯnɯ tu-fka xtʂoŋxtʂoŋ ʑo ŋu .
Glosses: LNK LNK DEM IPFV-be.full IDPH(II):bloated EMPH be:FULL
Translation: [The tick] is full [from having drunk blood] and bloated.' (25-xCelwi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-χpɯm dzoʁ ʑo pjɤ-tsʰoʁ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-knee IDPH(I):kneeling EMPH IFR-attach
Translation: [The demon] immediately knelt down.' (140513 abide he mogui-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003975#S45"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-χpɯm dzɯr ʑo ta-nɯ-tsʰoʁ ndɤre , tɤ-lu pa-nɯ-tɕɤt ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-knee IDPH(I):kneeling EMPH AOR:3'→3-AUTO-attach LNK INDEF.POSS-milk AOR:3'→3-AUTO-take.out SENS-be
Translation: She immediately knelt down and milked [the cow].' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤ-pɤtso ra dɯxpa-nɯ matɕi tɕendɤre , zgoʁnɤzgoʁ ʑo nɯ-χpɯm ta-tsʰoʁ-nɯ tɕe
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-child PL poor-PL because LNK IDPH(II):kneeling EMPH 3PL.POSS-knee AOR:3'→3-attach-PL LNK
Translation: The poor children, they knelt [before the ogre] one after the other.' (160704 poucet4-v2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-pʰoŋbu nɯ rcanɯ ʁɲɟlíʁɲɟli ʑo ɲɯ-pa .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-body DEM UNEXP:DEG IDPH(II):huge EMPH SENS-AUX
Translation: Its body, it is enormous.' (20-sWNgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003562#S16"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo grɯβgrɯβ ɯ-ftsa nɯ tɤ-kɯ-qawɤr ma nɯ ma χploʁχploʁ kɯ-pa mɯ-pɯ-mto-t-a
Glosses: 1SG matsutake 3SG.POSS-nephew DEM AOR-SBJ:PCP-open.cap apart.from DEM apart.from IDPH(II):small.and.spherical SBJ:PCP-AUX NEG-AOR-see-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: (The mushroom called) `the matsutake's nephew', I have seen ones with opened caps, but never seen one in ball shape (before the cap opens).' (23-grWBgrWBftsa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ru nɯra nɯ-rom tɕe rʁɤβrʁɤβ tu-pa ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-stalk DEM:PL AOR-dry LNK IDPH(II):rough IPFV-AUX SENS-be
Translation: Once it has dried, its stalk becomes very rough.' (14-sWNgWJu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ʑɯrɯʑɤri qʰe li tɤ-se nɯ to-mbat qʰe , li tɤrmbɣo nɯ dɯrnɤdɯr pjɤ-pa
Glosses: progressively LNK again INDEF.POSS-blood DEM IFR-diminish LNK again drum DEM IDPH(III):drumming.far.away IFR.IPFV-AUX
Translation: Progressively, the blood [in the lake] started to recede, and there was again a drumming sound far away.' (2003-kWBRa)
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: ɕkɤrnɤlɤr ʑo kɯ-pa nɯ jo-nɯ-ɣi
Glosses: IDPH(IV):limping EMPH SBJ:PCP-AUX DEM IFR-VERT-come
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-tʰoʁ tɕu zɟɯɣ ʑo ti ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-ground LOC IDPH(II):heavy.object.falling EMPH say:FACT SENS-be
Translation: [The stone] made a loud noise [as it fell] on the ground.' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: cʰɯ-tɯt ɕɯŋgɯ tɕe tɕe tú-wɣ-ndza tɕe , tɕʁɯznɤtɕʁɯz tu-ti ɲɯ-ŋu tʰɯ-tɯt ɯ-qʰu tɕe tɕe tɤ́-wɣ-ndza tɕe , zwaʁnɤzwaʁ tu-ti ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , nɯ ɲɯ-mɯm .
Glosses: IPFV-be.ripe before LNK LNK IPFV-INV-eat LNK IDPH(III):crunchy.sound IPFV-say SENS-be:FACT AOR-be.ripe 3SG.POSS-after LNK LNK AOR-INV-eat LNK IDPH(III):not.crunchy IPFV-say SENS-be LNK DEM SENS-be.tasty
Translation: If one eats [an apple]_i before it_i is ripe, it makes a crunchy sound, when it is ripe, it makes a soft (i.e. not crunchy) sound, it is [more] tasty (in this case because it has become sweeter and less sour).' (07-paXCi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-kɯ-ti kɯnɤ ɕɲɯɣ ʑo tu-ti tu-mŋɤm ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-GENR:S/O-say also IDPH(I):intense.pain EMPH IPFV-say IPFV-hurt be:FACT
Translation: (When suffering from this disease), one feels intense pain even when one talks.' (29-RzAr)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-sŋɯro lu-lɤt tɕe ɬɯɣnɤɬɯɣ , ɬɯɣnɤɬɯɣ tu-ste ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-breath IPFV-release LNK IDPH(III):breathing.movement IDPH(III):breathing.movement IPFV-do.like[III] SENS-be
Translation: When [the frog]_i breathes, it_i expands and retracts [its whole body] with each breath.' (27-qaCpa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-jaʁ tu-tsɯm tɕe , ɯ-ku ra pjɯ-nɯ-χtɕi tɕe ɯ-ku ra rloʁnɤrloʁ tu-ste ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-hand IPFV:UP-take.away LNK 3SG.POSS-head PL IPFV-AUTO-wash LNK 3SG.POSS-head PL IDPH(III):round IPFV-do.like[III] SENS-be
Translation: [The fly] stretches up its forelegs to clean its head (and the area around it), making (at the same time) a rhythmic rolling motion [with its head, round and minute].' (25-akWzgumba)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: spɣi ɲɯ-nɯ-te ndɤre , nɤki rɟɤlpu tu-ɕe rcanɯ , tu-rɤjoʁβzɯr kɯ-fse rcanɯ , nɤki , χtsʰɤχtsʰɤt ʑo tu-ʑɣɤ-stu tɕe , ku-rɤʑi pɯ-ŋu , βdaʁmu tu-ɕe rcanɯ , pʰɤtɕʰɯχtɤr ʑo pjɯ-te tɕe , qɯqlɯ ʑo tu-ʑɣɤ-stu tɕe ku-rɤʑi pɯ-ŋu ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: attic 3SG-inside IPFV:EAST-AUTO-put[III] LNK king IPFV:UP-go UNEXP:DEG IPFV-clean.up INF:STAT-be.like UNEXP:DEG FILLER IDPH(II):lively.small EMPH IPFV-REFL-do.like LNK IPFV-stay PST.IPFV-be lady IPFV:UP-go UNEXP:DEG mess EMPH IPFV-put[III] LNK IDPH(II):hangdog.look EMPH IPFV-REFL-do.like LNK IPFV-stay PST.IPFV-be SENS-be
Translation: [The king]_i put [the bird]_j in the attic. When the king_i would go up there, it_j would clean everything up and would be lively; when the queen would go up there, it_j would make a mess and have a hangdog look.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe nɯ kɯ-xtɕɯ~xtɕi ʑo ɲɯ́-wɣ-mbi tɕe ma ɕŋɤβ ʑo tu-ʑɣɤ-stu tɕe ju-nɯ-mɟe tɕe tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK DEM SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small EMPH IPFV-INV-give LNK LNK IDPH(I):snapping EMPH IPFV-REFL-do.like LNK IPFV-AUTO-take[III] LNK IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: We would give [our turtle]_i a little piece_j [of meat], and it_i would grab it_j with a snapping noise and eat it_j.' (140510 wugui)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-mɲaʁ wuma nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-rkɯ nɯra ɲɯ-ɣɯrni , ɲɯ-ɣɯrni tsɣaʁtsɣaʁ ʑo
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-eye really DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-side DEM:PL SENS-be.red SENS-be.red IDPH(II):brilliant.red EMPH
Translation: The sides of its eye proper are red, brilliant red.' (23-qapGAmtWmtW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003608#S47"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [kɯ-ɣɯrni ʑo tsɣaʁtsɣaʁ] ci ŋu tɕe
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.red EMPH IDPH(II):brilliant.red INDEF be:FACT LNK
Translation: [This species of millipede] is brilliant red.' (28-kWpAz)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: rtɕʰɯʁjɯ ɣɯ ɯ-rme nɯ kɯ ɲɯ-kɯ-z-rɤʑa . nɯ tɯ-ɕa a-mɤ-nɯ-ɤtɯɣ ra ma tɤndɤr brɯɣbrɯɣ ʑo tu-tɕɤt ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: caterpillar GEN 3SG.POSS-hair DEM ERG IPFV-GENR:S/O-CAUS-itch DEM GENR.POSS-flesh IRR-NEG-PFV-touch be.needed:FACT LNK pimple IDPH(II):little.pimples EMPH IPFV-take.out SENS-be
Translation: The caterpillar's hair itches people, it should not touch one's flesh, otherwise it will cause a lot of little pimples to appear.' (25-rtchWRjW)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ma nɯnɯ ɕawurambɯm tu-ti-nɯ tɕe nɯnɯ , nɤkinɯ , [[tɯ-rdoʁ ʑo zɟɤɣzɟɤɣ] ma] kɯ-me ɲɯ-ŋu kʰi
Glosses: LNK DEM Shwa.ba.rwa.mbum IPFV-say-PL LNK DEM FILLER one-piece EMPH IDPH(II):short.and.thick apart.from SBJ:PCP-not.exist SENS-be HEARSAY
Translation: People call it `Shwaba rwa'bum', it is [a kind of deer antler] with only one [branch], short and thick.' (27-qartshaz) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003702#S72"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: <donglang> ɯʑo-sti nɯnɯ , [tɤ-tɕɯ tɯ-rdoʁ ndzɤrndzɤr] ma nɯ ma kɯ-tu pjɤ-me .
Glosses: ANTHR 3SG-alone DEM INDEF.POSS-son one-piece IDPH(II):alone LNK DEM apart.from SBJ:PCP-exist IFR.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: There remained only Donglang, the boy, all alone (on earth after his family had been taken away).' (150828 donglang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯra tɤ-stu-t-a tɕe , sɯŋgɯnaχtɕɯn ndɤrndɤr ʑo nɯ-stu-t-a , ɯ-taʁ , pɣa ɲcɣɤnɤɲcɣɤt ʑo ɲɯ-mbri tɕe
Glosses: DEM:PL AOR-do.like-PST:TR-1SG LNK deep.forest IDPH(II):huge EMPH AOR-do.like-PST:TR-1SG 3SG-on birds IDPH(III):loud EMPH SENS-call LNK
Translation: I acted this way, I created a huge and deep forest on the top of whose trees birds are tweeting and chirping and flying around.' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤ-ɣɤndʐo tɕe `ɯtɕʰɯtɕʰɯ' ma-tɯ-ti , tɤ-sɤɕke tɕe (nɤkinɯ) `atsatsa' ma-tɯ-ti , kɯ-mŋɤm tɤ-tu tɕe `atsatsa' ma-tɯ-ti ra
Glosses: AOR-be.cold LNK INTERJ:cold NEG:IMP-2-say AOR-PROP-burn LNK FILLER INTERJ:pain NEG:IMP-2-say SBJ:PCP-hurt AOR-exist LNK INTERJ:pain NEG:IMP-2-say be.needed:FACT
Translation: When you feel cold, don't say “Ah”, when you feel hot, don't say “ouch”, when you feel pain, don't say “ouch”.' (07-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003426#S64"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: srɯtpʰu srɯnmɯ kɯ-fse kɯ-sɤ-ɣmɯ~ɣmu ʑo ɲɤ-k-ɤtɯɣ-ndʑi-ci ri , `wudzɯdzi' mɯ-to-ti .
Glosses: râkshasa râkshasî SBJ:PCP-be.like SBJ:PCP-PROP-EMPH~fear EMPH IFR-PEG-meet-DU-PEG LNK INTERJ:fear NEG-IFR-say
Translation: They met fearsome râkshasas and râkshasîs, but he did not say `how frightful!'.' (31-deluge) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004077#S114"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aɕi ! ɲɯ-tɯ-ɣɤŋgi .
Glosses: INTERJ:correction SENS-2-be.right
Translation: Of course (I take back what I have said)! You are right.' (2003 tWxtsa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: wo a-mu a-kɯm ɣɯ-tɤ-ci
Glosses: INTERJ 1SG.POSS-mother 1SG.POSS-door CISL-IMP-open[III]
Translation: Mother, come and open the door for me!' (2012 tWJo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004089#S21"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɲɯ-tɯ-fse nɤ tsatsatsa , mɯ́j-tɯ-fse nɤ tsatsatsa
Glosses: SENS-2-be.like ADD INTERJ NEG:SENS-2-be.like ADD INTERJ
Translation: One can say that you look like her, but one can also say that you don't.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤ-tɕɯ nɯ kɯ “wortɕʰi nɤ wojɤr ʑo" to-ti ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-boy DEM ERG please ADD please EMPH IFR-say SENS-be
Translation: The boy said `please' several times.' (2012-qachGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯnɯnɯ tɕendi <wazi> nɯ ɯ-mdoʁ wuma ʑo ɲɯ-ɤsɯ-ndo . woja , nɯnɯ kɯ-fse ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: DEM west socks DEM 3SG.POSS-colour really EMPH SENS-PROG-take INTERJ DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like SENS-be
Translation: It has the colour of the socks over there. Yes, it is like that.' (23-grWBgrWBftsa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: lɯlu jú-wɣ-no tɕe “tɕʰa" tu-kɯ-ti ŋu
Glosses: cat IPFV-INV-chase LNK CHASE:cat IPFV-GENR-say be:FACT
Translation: When one chases a cat, one says tɕʰa.' (06-huchements2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe ɯʑo kɯ-ɤskɯ a-pɯ-ŋu qʰe “aβleβle rgɯskɯ" tu-kɯ-ti qʰe tɕe ɯʑo tso ɕti qʰe ju-nɯ-ɣi ɕti
Glosses: LNK 3SG SBJ:PCP-having.white.colour.on.the.back IRR-IPFV-be LNK CALLING:cow cow.name IPFV-GENR-say LNK LNK 3SG understand:FACT be.AFF:FACT LNK IPFV-AUTO-come be.AFF:FACT
Translation: If [the cow] has white colour on the back (and is given the name rgɯskɯ), one says aβleβle rgɯskɯ and she understands, and comes by herself.' (06-huchements1) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003412"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯnɯ tɕe , pɕi ku-rɤʑi ɕti tɕe , nɤki nɯ , iɕqʰa nɯ , kʰa ɯ-ŋgɯ ju-ɣi mɤ-ŋgrɤl
Glosses: DEM LNK outside IPFV-stay be.AFF:FACT LNK FILLER DEM FILLER DEM house 3SG.POSS-in IPFV-come NEG-be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: That one (the wild cat), it stays outside, it does not come inside houses (unlike the domestic cat).' (21-lWLU) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003576#S5"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: “ja" tɤ-ti ma tɕe mɯ́j-kʰɯ .
Glosses: FILLER IMP-say LNK LNK NEG:SENS-be.possible
Translation: Say `ya', otherwise [I] can't [tell the story].' (160720 kandZislama)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɤkʰije tɕe <guan> ma-kɤ-tɯ-βze je !
Glosses: wait LNK turn.off NEG-IMP-2-make[III] SFP
Translation: Wait, don't hang up [your phone].' (conversation, 2015-07-05)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo cʰɯ-ɣi-a je ma mɤ-pʰan-a nɤ mɤ-ʁdɯɣ-a tʰaŋ nɤ
Glosses: 1SG IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-1SG SFP LNK NEG:be.efficient:FACT-1SG ADD NEG-harm:FACT-1SG SFP SFP
Translation: Let me come along, even if I am of no use, I will not do any harm.' (several occurrences)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-wi tɕʰorzi ɯ-ŋgɯ pjɯ-kɯ-rku-a je
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grandmother jar 3SG.POSS-in IPFV:DOWN-2→1-put.in-1SG SFP
Translation: Grandmother, put me in the jar, and…' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɤnɤβdi je a-mu !
Glosses: take.care SFP 1SG.POSS-mother
Translation: Take care, mother!' (Gesar,54)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kʰu nɯ ʁo nɯ-βde wo , a-me nɯ χtanɤ a-ftsaʁ ɯβrɤ-ɣi ma
Glosses: tiger DEM ADVERS IMP-throw SFP 1SG.POSS-daughter DEM COMP 1SG.POSS-roof.leak RH.Q-come SFP
Translation: My daughter, don't worry about the tiger, [I am more worried] that my [house] could have a roof leak.' (khu 2005)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯki li pjɯ-mnat-a ɕi ?
Glosses: DEM.PROX again IPFV-repeat-1SG QU
Translation: Do I tell [the story] again?' (150908 menglang-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006320#S1"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯʑora smi cʰɯ-tɯ-nɯ-βlɯ-nɯ ŋu ɕi , <dian> cʰɯ-tɯ-nɯmbjɯm-nɯ ŋu ?
Glosses: 2PL fire IPFV-2-AUTO-burn-PL be:FACT QU electricity IPFV-2-get.warm-PL be:FACT
Translation: Do you burn a fire, or do you get warm with an electric [radiator]?' (conversation, 2013-12-13)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯki a-χpi ki ɲɯ-mpɕɤr ɕi mɯ́j-mpɕɤr ?
Glosses: DEM.PROX 1SG.POSS-story DEM.PROX SENS-be.beautiful QU NEG:SENS-be.beautiful
Translation: Is this story of mine beautiful or not?' (140512 fushang he yaomo-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: χsɤr kʰri ɯ-taʁ tɯ-ɤ<nɯ>mdzɯ ɕi , rŋɯl kʰri ɯ-taʁ tɯ-ɤ<nɯ>mdzɯ ɕi , (...) ɕom kʰri ɯ-taʁ tɯ-ɤ<nɯ>mdzɯ ɕi , si kʰri ɯ-taʁ tɯ-ɤ<nɯ>mdzɯ ?
Glosses: gold seat 3SG.POSS-on 2-<AUTO>sit:FACT QU silver seat 3SG.POSS-on 2-<AUTO>sit:FACT QU _ iron seat 3SG.POSS-on 2-<AUTO>sit:FACT QU wood seat 3SG.POSS-on 2-<AUTO>sit:FACT
Translation: Will you sit on the golden seat, the silver seat, the iron seat or the wooden seat?' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-rcɤmbe-ŋga nɯ ŋotɕu nɯ-a<nɯ>ri kɯ ?
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-old.jacket-wear DEM where AOR:WEST-<AUTO>go[II] QU
Translation: Where did my beggar (`wearer of an old jacket") of a husband vanish?' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɤʑɯ tɕʰi mɯ-pɯ-fɕɤt-tɕi kɯma ?
Glosses: even.more what NEG-AOR-tell-1DU QU
Translation: Which [trees] are there which we have not yet told [a story] about?' (13-tApWpjoR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003494#S60"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯβdesqafsum-pa to-tsu , ɣe ? woja , nɯ to-tsu
Glosses: 43-year IFR-pass SFP INTERJ DEM IFR-pass
Translation: (How many years have passed since 1969?), 43 years have passed, right? Yes, that many years have passed.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S13"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: hehe kɯ-lɤɣ acɤβ , kɯ-sat-a ɲɯ-ŋu nétɕi ?
Glosses: INTERJ SBJ:PCP-herd ANTHR 2→1-kill:FACT-1SG SENS-be SFP
Translation: Shepherd Askyabs, you are preparing to kill me, right?' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: “tʂʰa mbuz ɲɯ-ŋu" to-ti-a ŋu nétɕi ?
Glosses: tea spill.overt:FACT SENS-be IFR-say-1SG be:FACT SFP
Translation: I said `The tea is abouyt to spill over', didn't I?' (26-tAGe) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003686#S14"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤʑo nɤ-tɕɯ tɯ-sla to-mtsʰɤt loβtɕi ?
Glosses: 2SG 2SG.POSS-son one-month IFR-full SFP
Translation: Your son is now more than one month old, right? (conversation 2013-12-02)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɯ-rdoʁ tsa rɤʑi-j tɕe tú-wɣ-qur-nɯ raʁmaʁ
Glosses: one-piece a.little stay:FACT-1PL LNK IPFV-INV-help-PL SFP
Translation: How about only one of us staying [here] and helping them?' (180503 xiyouji 12-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-rɟit a-nmaʁ ʑo nɯ tɤ-tɯ-stu-nɯ ɕti tɕe , aʑo ɯ-tsʰɤt tsa ɲɯ-kɯ-nɤɕtʂaʁli-a-nɯ raʁmaʁ ma
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-offspring 1SG.POSS-husband EMPH DEM AOR-2-do.like-PL be.AFF:FACT LNK 1SG 3SG.POSS-proper.measure a.little IPFV-2→1-torture-1SG-PL SFP SFP
Translation: Rkangrang, you dealt with my son in the same way as you did with my husband (i.e. had him killed), don't go over the top in your torturing of me (torture me with proper measure), please?' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S185"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-jaʁmu ra to-tɕɤt kʰi , wo , tɕendɤre kɯ-ɣɤrʁaʁ nɯ kɯ kɤ-nɯɕɤmɯɣdɯ mɯ-pjɤ-cʰa kʰi .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-thumb PL IFR-take.out SFP INTERJ LNK SBJ:PCP-hunt DEM ERG INF-shoot NEG-IFR-can SFP
Translation: [They say that the monkey mother] stuck out her thumb (as a sign meaning `now you can shoot'),§fn§For the context of this example, see (ex:ra.WskAt.ra.toBzu) (§sec:nouns.speech.complement).§/fn§ but the hunter could not shoot.' (19-GzW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003536#S71"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: iʑo ji-sɤtɕʰa kʰu pjɤ-tu ɯ-fɕɤt tu .
Glosses: 1PL 1PL.POSS-place tiger IFR.IPFV-exist 3SG.POSS-story exist:FACT
Translation: People say that there used to be tigers in our place.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯ-dɤn tsa tɯtɯrca ku-rɤʑi-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu , ɲɯ-ŋu kʰi
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.many a.little together IPFV-stay-PL SENS-be SENS-be SFP
Translation: They stay together in great number (on remote cliffs), it is said' (20-ldWGi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ki kɯ-fse kɯ-ɤrɤmbɯmbri ʑo kɯ-fse tu-ɬoʁ ɲɯ-ŋu . ɲɯ-ŋu kʰi ma , aj mɯ-pɯ-mto-t-a
Glosses: DEM.PROX SBJ:PCP-be.like SBJ:PCP-spread.in.patches EMPH SBJ:PCP-be.like IPFV-come.out SENS-be SENS-be SFP LNK 1SG NEG-AOR-see-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: [The mushroom Hericium erinaceus] grows in patches (i.e. not spread evenly). So they say, I have not seen it.' (23-mbrAZim) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003604#S172"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɣɤkʰɯ nɯ kɯ qaɲi kɤ-sat wuma ʑo cʰa kʰi .
Glosses: owl DEM ERG mole INF-kill really EMPH can:FACT SFP
Translation: The owl is very good at killing moles, it is said.' (28-qapar)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕeri ɯ-pɯ-kɯ-mto tɕi pjɤ-me wo ma , kʰicʰo ma nɯ ma ɯ-kɯ-sɯz maŋe . “pjɤ-ŋu kʰi , … pjɤ-ŋu kʰi" nɯra tu-ti-nɯ ma nɯ ma ɯ-kɯ-ti pɯ-me .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-AOR-SBJ:PCP-see also IFR.IPFV-not.exist SFP SFP rumour LNK DEM apart.from 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-know not.exist:SENS IFR.IPFV-be SFP _ IFR.IPFV-be SFP DEM:PL IPFV-say-PL LNK DEM apart.from 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-say PST.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: Nobody has ever seen [one-legged demons], there are only rumours, apart from that nobody knows about them. People used to say `it was [allegedly] …', but apart from that nobody said anything.' (140510 rkoNJAl)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: qapri kɯ ɯmɤ́-wɣ-mtsɯɣ-a
Glosses: snake ERG PROB-INV-bite:FACT-1SG
Translation: The snake will perhaps bite me.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: si ɯ-mat ra tu-ndze ɲɯ-ɕti . xɕaj nɯ mɤ-ndze tʰaŋ nɤ . nɤj ɯ-tɯ́-sɯz ?
Glosses: tree 3SG.POSS-fruit PL IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be.AFF grass DEM NEG-eat[III]:FACT SFP SFP 2SG QU-2-know:FACT
Translation: [The monkey] eats fruits. It probably does not eat grass. Do you know [whether it does or not]?' (19-GzW)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ a-tɤ-fse tɕe tɕetʰa , ɬɤndʐi nɯ kɯ tʰa “iʑora ɯ-me ɲɯ-ŋu" a-nɯ-sɯsɤm tɕe , mɤ́-wɣ-ndza-j tʰaŋ
Glosses: DEM IRR-PFV-be.like LNK later demon DEM ERG later 1PL 3sg.POSS-daughter SENS-be IRR-PFV-think[III] LNK NEG-INV-eat-1PL SFP
Translation: [If we do it] this way, the ogre_i will think that we are his_i daughters and maybe he_i will not eat us. (160705 poucet5-v2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕetʰa tu-ɕe-a ma kʰapa ri ku-nɤŋkɯŋke-a tɕetʰa , nɤkinɯ , <zayin> tu tʰaŋ
Glosses: later IPFV:UP-go-1SG LNK yard LOC PRS-DISTR:walk-1SG later FILLER noise exist:FACT SFP
Translation: I will go up [to my house] because [now] I am walking in the yard, there could be noise (so that we won't hear each other on the phone).' (conversation 2016-02-21)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe nɯŋa dɯxpa ma (...) ɯ-tɯ-mu nɯ pɯ-saχaʁ ʑo tʰaŋ ɲɯ-sɯsam-a ŋu .
Glosses: LNK cow poor LNK _ 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-fear DEM PST.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH SFP IPFV-think[III] be:FACT
Translation: I am thinking that the poor cow, she probably was extremely afraid (after escaping from a flood and losing a horn in the process).' (160715 nWNa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: jinde kɤntɕʰɯ-sŋi kɤ-mto pɯ-me tɕe , pjɤ-si rca
Glosses: nowadays several-day OBJ:PCP-see PST.IPFV-not.exist LNK IFR-die SFP
Translation: [We] haven't seen him for several days, he probably died.' (150827 mengjiangnv-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe kɯɕɯŋgɯ tɕe , nɤki , tɯ-tɯpɯ raŋri ɣɯ nɯ-kʰa nɯtɕu kʰɤβɣa pjɤ-tu rca .
Glosses: LNK former.times LNK FILLER one-household each GEN 3PL.POSS-house DEM:LOC hand.mill IFR.IPFV-exist SFP
Translation: In former times, there used to be handmills in every house, presumably (now they have disappeared).' (160705 khABGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mŋɤm mɤ-mŋɤm mɤ-xsi ri , kú-wɣ-rtoʁ ndɤre mɯ́j-pe ko .
Glosses: hurt:FACT NEG-hurt:FACT NEG-GENR:know LNK IPFV-INV-look LNK NEG:SENS-be.good SFP
Translation: I don't know whether [leprosy] hurts or not, but in any case it does not look good indeed.' (25-khArWm) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003644#S53"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: wo , nɤki , ɲɯ-tɯ-ɕqraʁ ko , mɯ́j-tɯ-naχtɕɯɣ , nɤ-wa nɯ mɯ́j-tɯ-ntɕʰɯɣ ko .
Glosses: INTERJ filler SENS-2-be.intelligent SFP NEG:SENS-2-be.identical 2SG.POSS-father DEM NEG:SENS-2-soil SFP
Translation: You are really intelligent, you are not a common man, you are your father's son indeed.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɤ-mto a-pɯ-kɯ-cʰa tɕe nɯnɯ wuma ʑo pe tu-ti-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋgrɤl . tɕeri ŋu maʁ mɤ-xsi matɕi .
Glosses: INF-see IRR-IPFV-GENR:S/O-can LNK DEM really EMPH be.good:FACT IPFV-say-PL SENS-be.usually.the.case LNK be:FACT not.be:FACT NEG-GENR:know SFP
Translation: People say that if you succeed in finding it, it is very good [against poison], but I don't know if it is true or not.' (22-kuwu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɲɯ-mbri ɯmɤ-kɯ-ŋu-ci ma .
Glosses: SENS-make.noise PROB-PEG-be-PEG SFP
Translation: It looks like [my phone] is ringing.' (160630 aba-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006197#S95"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: li ɯβrɤ-ɲɯ-jmɯt-a ma .
Glosses: again RH.Q-IPFV-forget-1SG SFP
Translation: I might forget again (some details of the story that I am about to tell again).' (160704 poucet4-v2) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006097#S1"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ ɯ-tʰoʁ nɯra nɯ-kʰi nɯ ɣe , nɯ-tɯ-scit nɯ !
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-ground DEM:PL 3PL.POSS-luck SFP SFP 3PL.POSS-2-be.happy SFP
Translation: The people on earth (`on the ground'), how lucky they are, right? How happy there are!' (150828 donglang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɤjkʰu hanɯni ci nɯ ma-tɤ-tɯ-fse pɯ-ra ja , hanɯni ci mɯ-pɯ-mda ja ri
Glosses: still a.little INDEF DEM NEG-IMP-2-be.like PST.IPFV-be.needed SFP a.little INDEF NEG-PST.IPFV-be.the.time SFP LNK
Translation: What a shame, if you could just have [waited] a little bit [before] doing that, the time was not yet ready.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-mɤlɤjaʁ nɯ kɯtʂɤ-ldʑa jamar ɣɤʑu loβ . ma koŋla mɯ-kɤ-rtoʁ-a ri , ɯ-mɤlɤjaʁ nɯra ɲɯ-dɤn
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-limb DEM six-long.object about exist:SENS SFP LNK really NEG-AOR-look-1SG LNK 3SG.POSS-limb DEM:PL SENS-be.many
Translation: It has about six legs, (I think…) I did not have a good look, but in any case it has a lot of legs.' (21-mdzadi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003578#S7"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-pi ni ɣɯ fsapaʁ loβ , tɯjpu loβ , ɯ-grɤl kɯ-me ʑo ta-rku-nɯ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-elder.sibling DU GEN cattle SFP flour.based.food SFP 3SG.POSS-order SBJ:PCP-not.exist EMPH aor:3→3-put.in-PL
Translation: [Their parents] gave her two elder sisters cattle and food in great quantity.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɣi / ɣi-a
Glosses: come:FACT _ come:FACT-1SG
Translation: He comes/will come; I (will) come.
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe pjɤ-ɣi tɕe qala kɯ pjɤ^-3-k^-2-ɤ́<wɣ>z^-1-nɤjo-ci tɕe
Glosses: LNK IFR:DOWN-come LNK rabbit ERG IFR.IPFV^-3-PEG^-2-<INV>PROG^-1-wait-PEG LNK
Translation: [The snow leopard]_i came down. The rabbit was waiting for him_i (there).' (140427 qala cho kWrtsAG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003852#S60"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: qapar kɯ nɤʑo a^-6-mɤ^-5-ɣɯ^-4-tɤ^-3-tɯ́^-2-wɣ^-1-ndza
Glosses: dhole ERG 2SG IRR^-6-NEG^-5-CISL^-4-PFV^-3-2^-2-INV^-1-eat
Translation: (Let us hope that) the dhole will not come to eat you.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɣurʑa kɯrcat nɯ ʑ-nɯ-a-sɯ-ɤmɯ-mtsʰɯ~mtsʰɤm-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu ,
Glosses: hundred eight DEM TRAL-AOR-RECIP-CAUS-RECIP-hear-PL SENS-be
Translation: [All] one hundred and eight [boys] went and informed each other.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: to-nɯ-ʑɣɤ-ɕɯ-fka-nɯ ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: IFR-AUTO-REFL-CAUS-be.full-PL EMPH SENS-be
Translation: They ate to their full.' (huli yu shanying-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ɲɯ-ra nɤ , a-mɤ-ɣɯ-nɯ-tɯ́-wɣ-nɯ-mbi
Glosses: QU-SENS-be.needed add IRR-NEG-CISL-PFV-2-INV-AUTO-give
Translation: If he_i needs it_j, then he_i does not have to come and give it_j to you (if he does not want to).' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯʑo pjɯ-ɤ<nɯ>tɤr mɤ-cʰa .
Glosses: 3SG IPFV-<AUTO>fall NEG-can:FACT
Translation: It cannot fall (detach) on its own (as its sticks on the clothes).' (18-qromJoR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003532#S171"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɕa ʁɟa ʑo ku-o<nɯ>sɯ-ndza-j
Glosses: meat completely EMPH PRS-PROG<AUTO>-eat-1PL
Translation: We are eating only meat.' (2003 kandZislama)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɯ-mto-t^+1-a^+2-ndʑi^+3
Glosses: AOR-see-PST:TR^+1-1SG^+2-DU^+3
Translation: I saw the two of them.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: to-k-ɤlɯlɤt-ndʑi^+3-ci^+4
Glosses: IFR-PEG-fight-DU^+3-PEG^+4
Translation: The two of them fought.' (140428 yonggan de xiaocaifeng-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003886#S179"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯmɤ-pɯ-kɯ-mto-t^+1-a^+2-ndʑi^+3-ci^+4
Glosses: PROB-AOR-PEG-see-PST:TR^+1-1SG^+2-DU^+3-PEG^+4
Translation: It looks like I have seen the two of them.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ndʑi-ɣi ra , nɯni mɯ-ɲɤ-k-ɤtɯɣ-nɯ-ci
Glosses: 3DU.POSS-relative PL DEM:DU NEG-IFR-PEG-meet-PL-PEG
Translation: Their relatives did not meet them (again).' (2003 zrAntCW tWrme)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕendi tɕendi tɕe mtsʰu ci ɲɤ-k-ɤtɯɣ-ci . mtsʰu kɯ-ɲɯ~ɲaʁ ci ɲɤ-k-ɤtɯɣ-ci . tɕendɤre mtsʰu kɯ-ɲɯ~ɲaʁ ci ɲɤ-k-ɤtɯɣ tɕe tɕe ,
Glosses: west west LOC lake INDEF IFR-PEG-meet-PEG lake SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.black INDEF IFR-PEG-meet-PEG LNK lake SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.black INDEF IFR-PEG-meet LNK LNK
Translation: In the west, he found a lake, he found a lake that was very black. He found a lake that was very black, and…' (28-smAnmi 92-94) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S87"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤ-ŋga kɤ-tɯ-nɯ-tʂɯβ ɯβrɤ-ŋu ma
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-clothes AOR-2-AUTO-sew RH.Q-PEG-be-PEG LNK
Translation: You didn't sew your garment, did you? (worried that the subject might have sewed his/her garment)' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤ-ŋga kɤ-tɯ-nɯ-tʂɯβ ɯβrɤ-kɯ-ŋu-ci ma ɲɯ-nɯ-spoʁ ɕti
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-clothes AOR-2-AUTO-sew RH.Q-PEG-be:FACT-PEG LNK SENS-AUTO-have.a.hole be.AFF:FACT
Translation: It looks like you haven't sewed your garment, it still has a hole.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tʂʰɯɣ jɤ-azɣɯt tʰaŋ
Glosses: probably AOR-arrive SFP
Translation: He probably has already arrived.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: jo-zɣɯt ɯ-mdoʁ
Glosses: IFR-arrive 3SG.POSS-colour
Translation: It seems that he has probably arrived.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯmɤ-nɯ-kɯ-nɯ-jmɯt-a-ci
Glosses: PROB-AOR-PEG/2→1-AUTO-forget-1SG-PEG
Translation: It looks I forgot about it.' (kɯ- = PEG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯmɤ-nɯ-tɯ-nɯ-jmɯt-ci
Glosses: PROB-AOR-2-AUTO-forget-PEG
Translation: It looks like you have forgotten about it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯmɤ-pɯ-ta-mto-ci
Glosses: PROB-AOR-1→2-see-PEG
Translation: It looks like I have seen you.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯʑo kɯ ɲɤ́-wɣ-nɯ-jmɯt-a ɯ-mdoʁ
Glosses: 3SG ERG IFR-INV-AUTO-forget-1SG 3SG.POSS-colour
Translation: It looks like he has forgotten about me.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-ɣɯ-tɤ-tɯ-tʰe
Glosses: IRR-CISL-AOR-2-ask[III]
Translation: Come and ask [for her hand in marriage].' (150826 liangshanbo zhuyingtai-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006244#S124"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-χpi ci pɯ-fɕɤt=ó
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-story INDEF IMP-tell=SFP
Translation: Tell me a story.' (140511 yiqianlingyiye yinzi-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003963#S30"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ma qacʰɣa ɣɯ ɯ-me pjɤ-ɕti ɯ-mdoʁ=o .
Glosses: LNK fox GEN 3SG.POSS-daughter IFR.IPFV-be.AFF 3SG.POSS-colour=SFP
Translation: It looks like she (the main character of the story) was the daughter of a fox.' (150909 xiaocui-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006386#S161"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: <aizheng> ɲɯ-pʰɤn kʰi wo
Glosses: cancer SENS-be.efficient HEARSAY SFP
Translation: It can cure cancer, it is said.' (20-grWBgrWB) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003554#S68"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-tɯ-ɣɤndʐo saχaʁ ʑo kʰi .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.cold be.extremely:FACT EMPH HEARSAY
Translation: It is said that [during an eclipse], it is extremely cold.' (29-mWBZi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003728#S104"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: to-kɯ-ɤtɕʰɯz-ci=nɤ to-kɯ-ɤtɕʰɯz-ci
Glosses: IFR-PEG-sneeze-PEG=ADD IFR-PEG-sneeze-PEG
Translation: He sneezed again and again.' (140515 jiesu de laoren-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004004#S132"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ tɯ~tɤ-tɯ-tɯt tɕe qʰe tɕe rcanɯ nɤʑo rdɤstaʁ ɲɯ-tɯ-ɤβzu
Glosses: DEM COND~AOR-2-say[II] LNK LNK LNK UNEXP:DEG 2SG stone IPFV-2-become
Translation: If you tell [them] about it, you will be turned into stone and…' (150902 hailibu-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕendɤre jɤ-ari nɤ jɤ-ari ʑo nɤ
Glosses: LNK AOR-go[II] ADD AOR-go[II] EMPH ADD
Translation: He went again and again.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯra pɯ-fse nɯra pɯ-raŋ
Glosses: DEM:PL PST.IPFV-be.like DEM:PL PST.IPFV-last.a.long.time
Translation: All these things happened.' (many attestations of this sentence, occurs in traditional stories typically to avoid repeating sentences when a character tells another character what has happened previously)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-tɤ-tɯ-stu=a-tɤ-tɯ-mbat-ndʑi
Glosses: IRR-PFV-2-try.hard(1)=IRR-PFV-2-try.hard(2)-DU
Translation: (While I am gone), may the two of you do your best.' (smanmi 2003.2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kʰar-in lont-in-ka
Glosses: go-1/2PL come.out-1/2PL-EXCL
Translation: We shall rise again.'
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɤ-tɯ-spe mɤ-tɯ-rke me
Glosses: NEG-2-be.innocent(1)[III]:FACT NEG-2-be.innocent(2)[III]:FACT not.exist:FACT
Translation: You_sg are innocent.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɤ-tɯ-spa=rka-ndʑi me
Glosses: NEG-2-be.innocent(1)-be.innocent(2):FACT-DU not.exist:FACT
Translation: You_du are innocent.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [mkʰɤrmaŋ [mɤ-spa-nɯ mɤ-rka-nɯ] kɯ-me] nɯ ʑimkʰɤm pjɤ-sɯ-sat pjɤ-ra rcanɯ , tɯrme ra kɯ wuma ʑo pjɤ-qʰa-nɯ
Glosses: people NEG-be.innocent(1):FACT-PL NEG-be.innocent(2):FACT-PL SBJ:PCP-not.exist DEM a.lot IFR-CAUS-kill IFR.IPFV-be.needed UNEXPECTED man PL ERG really EMPH IFR-hate-PL
Translation: As he had to have many innocent people killed, people hated him.' (hist140514 xiee de shewang-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɤ-spe-a mɤ-rke-a me
Glosses: NEG-be.innocent(1)[III]:FACT-1SG NEG-be.innocent(2)[III]:FACT-1SG not.exist:FACT
Translation: I am innocent.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɤ-tɯ-spe=rke me
Glosses: NEG-2-be.innocent(1)[III]-be.innocent(2)[III]:FACT not.exist:FACT
Translation: You_sg are innocent.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: <hulu> nɯ si ci ɲɯ-ŋu , ɯ-mat cʰɯ-kɯ-βze ci . tɕe ɯ-mat nɯnɯ , ɯ-taʁ ku-kɯ-xtsʰɯm , ɯ-pa ɲɯ-kɯ-jpum ci cʰɯ-βze ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe , nɯ <hulu> tu-sɤrmi-nɯ .
Glosses: gourd DEM tree INDEF SENS-be 3SG.POSS-fruit IPFV-SBJ:PCP-make[III] INDEF LNK 3SG.POSS-fruit DEM 3SG.POSS-top IPFV:EAST-SBJ:PCP-be.thin 3SG.POSS-bottom IPFV:WEST-SBJ:PCP-be.thick INDEF IPFV-make[III] SENS-be LNK DEM gourd IPFV-call-PL
Translation: The gourd is a tree, one which grows fruits. It grows fruits that are thinner on the top part and thicker in the bottom, they are called `gourd'.' (150825 huluwa-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ ma aro-a me qʰe ,
Glosses: DEM apart.from possess:FACT-1SG not.exist:FACT LNK
Translation: I don't have anything else.' (2003 divination)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: rŋgɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯtɕu ɕɯ-anbaʁ-i ɯmɤ-kɯ-ntsʰi-ci ma ,
Glosses: boulder 3SG.POSS-in DEM:LOC TRAL-hide:FACT-1PL PROB-PEG-be.better-PEG LNK
Translation: It looks like we should go and hide in the [hollow] boulder.' (160706 poucet6) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006109#S61"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-wa tɯrju χsɯ-ŋka tu-ti-a ɯ-j-átsɯtsu
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-father word three-word IPFV-say-1SG QU-X-have.time:FACT
Translation: Father, do I have time to say three sentences?' (2003 qachGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-mɤ-pɯ-ɤtɤr kɤ-sɯso kɯ ,
Glosses: IRR-NEG-PFV-fall INF-think ERG
Translation: In order to prevent [the child] from falling down…' (140426 tApAtso kAnWBdaR)
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: li pɯ-atɤr ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: again AOR-fall SENS-be
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: cʰa ɕkɯ~ɕ-kɤ-tsʰi-t-a ʑo lu-βzi-a ŋu
Glosses: alcohol ITER~TRAL-AOR-drink-PST:TR-1SG EMPH IPFV-be.drunk-1SG be:FACT
Translation: Each time I go and drink alcohol I get drunk.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯki tɯrme kɯra ɕ-tɯ~tɤ-kɯ-tsʰɤt ʑo nɯ pjɤ́-wɣ-sat-nɯ .
Glosses: DEM.PROX person DEM:PL TRAL-TOTAL~AOR-SBJ:PCP-try EMPH DEM IFR-INV-kill-PL
Translation: All of these men who had went and tried [to discover the princesses' secret] were killed.' (140508 shier ge tiaowu de gongzhu-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003937#S31"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-tɕɯ tɯ~tɯ-ŋu nɤ , pɯ-ta-sɯxɕɤt nɯ ci nɯ-ndɯn ra
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-son COND~2-be:FACT ADD AOR-1→2-teach DEM once IMP-read be.needed:FACT
Translation: If you are my son, recite [the mantra] that I have taught you.' (2012 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɯ~tɤ-tɯ-tɯt nɤ tɕe pjɯ-ta-sat ŋu
Glosses: COND~AOR-2-say[II] ADD LNK IPFV-1→2-kill be:FACT
Translation: If you tell [people] about [it], I will kill you.' (150901 changfamei-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006352#S48"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕeri tɯ-mɤpa kɯnɤ , tɯ-xtsa mɯ~mɤ-pɯ-pe cʰondɤre , tɤ-rʑaʁ kɯ-rɲɟi tu-kɯ-ŋke qʰe , tɯ-mɤpa ri cimbɤrom tu-rke ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: LNK GENR.POSS-sole also GENR.POSS-shoe COND~NEG-PST.IPFV-be.good COMIT INDEF.POSS-time SBJ:PCP-be.long IPFV-GENR:S/O-walk LNK GENR.POSS-sole LOC blister IPFV-put.in[III] be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: On the soles too, if one (wears) bad shoes and walks for a long time, one gets blisters on one's sole.' (27-tWfCAl)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [kɯki tɕʰemɤpɯ ki si ɯ-kɯ-pʰɯt tɯ-tɤ-ɣe ʑo], nɯnɯ rgɤnmɯ nɯ ɣɯ ɯ-si ɲɯ-pʰɯt , ɯ-tɯ-ci z-ɲɯ-re ,
Glosses: DEM.PROX girl DEM.PROX wood 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-cut ITER~AOR:UP-come[II] EMPH DEM old.woman DEM GEN 3SG.POSS-wood IPFV-cut 3SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water TRAL-IPFV:WEST-fetch[III]
Translation: Every time the girl came to cut firewood, she would cut firewood for the old woman and fetch water for her.' (150829 taishan zhi zhu-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ʑŋgri mɤ-kɯ-tʂot ci , nɯ sɤz hanɯni kɯ-tʂot ci , nɯ sɤz hanɯni kɯ-tʂot ci , nɯ sɤz hanɯni kɯ-tʂot , tɕe kɯβde ki tu-fse tɕe , … tʰi tʰɯ-ari ɯ-jɯja cʰɯ~cʰɯ-tʂot ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: star NEG-SBJ:PCP-be.bright INDEF DEM COMP a.little SBJ:PCP-be.bright INDEF DEM COMP a.little SBJ:PCP-be.bright INDEF DEM COMP a.little SBJ:PCP-be.bright LNK four DEM.PROX IPFV-be.like LNK _ downstream AOR:DOWNSTREAM-go[II] 3SG.POSS-following INCR~IPFV-be.bright EMPH SENS-be LNK
Translation: [The constellation of the earthworm comprises] one non-bright star, another one slightly brighter, another one slightly brighter, another one slightly brighter, four [stars] like this (…), becoming brighter as they go downstream.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ʑɯrɯʑɤri tɕe cʰɯ~cʰɯ-mɤɕi-ndʑi nɤ cʰɯ~cʰɯ-mɤɕi-ndʑi tɕe
Glosses: progressively LNK INCR~IPFV-be.rich-DU ADD INCR~IPFV-be.rich-DU LNK
Translation: They progressively became richer and richer.' (02-deluge2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003376#S122"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɬɤndʐi nɯ rca , tɯ~tu-cʰa ʑo pjɤ-ɕti . tɕendɤre , ɯʑo nɯnɯ tɕe ʑɯrɯʑɤri tɕe , mɯ~mɤ-ɲɯ-cʰa ʑo pjɤ-ɕti tɕe
Glosses: demon DEM UNEXP:DEG INCR~IPFV-can EMPH IFR.IPFV-be.AFF LNK 3SG DEM LNK progressively LNK INCR~NEG-IPFV-can EMPH IFR.IPFV-be.AFF LNK
Translation: The demon was becoming stronger and stronger, and he was weaker and weaker.' (140513 abide he mogui-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: laχtɕʰa ŋotɕu nɤ-kɤ-sɯso ʑo nɯnɯ , nɤ-mɲaʁ , nɤ-rna , nɤ-ɕna cʰo ra [kɯ~kɯ-spoʁ] nɯ ɯ-ŋgɯ tɕe a-kɤ-tɯ-rke qʰe
Glosses: thing where 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-think EMPH DEM 2SG.POSS-eye 2SG.POSS-ear 2SG.POSS-nose COMIT PL TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-have.a.hole DEM 3SG.POSS-in LOC IRR-PFV:EAST-2-put.in[III] LNK
Translation: Whatever things you want (from the granary), put it in your eyes, your ears, your nose etc, all the holes in your body.' (31-deluge)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: wuma ʑo ɲɯ-pe ndɤre , [kɯ~kɤ-sɯso] nɯ ɲɯ-fse
Glosses: really EMPH SENS-be.good LNK TOTAL~OBJ:PCP-think DEM SENS-be.like
Translation: It is very nice, it is like everything that [I] want.' (2011-04-smanmi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-tʰɤcu prɤscʰɯ ra [tɯ~tɤ-kɯ-rɯkʰɤrlɤn] kɯ nɯ-rdɤstaʁ nɯ ntsɯ s-cʰɤ-nɯ-ru-nɯ tɕe to-nɯ-ntɕʰoz-nɯ .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-downstream TOPO PL TOTAL~AOR-SBJ:PCP-build.house ERG 3PL.POSS-stone DEM always TRAL-IFR:DOWNSTREAM-AUTO-fetch-PL LNK IFR-AUTO-use-PL
Translation: All people from Praskyu down there who built/repaired their houses went there and took stones to use for themselves.' (140522 Kamnyu zgo) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004059#S188"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ro nɯra [iɕqʰa pɯ~pɯ-fɕat-a] nɯra kɯ tɕe tɕe sɯjno tu-ndza-nɯ
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-rest DEM:PL just.before TOTAL~AOR-tell-1SG DEM:PL ERG LNK LNK grass IPFV-eat-PL
Translation: The rest, all the [other animals] that I have told about just before eat grass.' (05-khWna, 46
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ [spɯ~spe] nɯ to-nɤrmi ri tɤte <zhima> kɤ-ti nɯ ɲɤ-nɯ-jmɯt
Glosses: DEM TOTAL~be.able.to:FACT DEM IFR-call.name LNK that.is sesame INF-say DEM IFR-AUTO-forget
Translation: He called the names of all [the crops] he knew, but forgot to say `sesame'.' (140512 alibaba-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003965#S103"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤtʰo nɯ pɯpɯŋunɤ , tɕe nɯ mɤ-fse tɕe tɕendɤre ɯ-jwaʁ nɯ nɯ~nɯ-tu nɤ nɯ~nɯ-tu qʰe
Glosses: pine DEM as.for LNK DEM NEG-be.like:FACT LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-leaf DEM EMPH~AUTO-exist:FACT ADD EMPH~AUTO-exist:FACT LNK
Translation: As for the pine, it is not like [the other trees], [whatever happens], its leaves (needles) are still there.' (07-tAtho) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003432#S14"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯʑo nɯ-nɯ-me ɕti .
Glosses: 3SG AOR-AUTO-not.exist be.AFF:FACT
Translation: [The wart] disappeared by itself.' (24-pGArtsAG) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003624#S52"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰeme kɯ-mpɕɯ~mpɕɤr kɯ-pɯ~pe ci nɤ-ɕɣa kɯ-xtɕɯ~xtɕi ci a-nɯ-tɯ-ɤβzu smɯlɤm
Glosses: girl SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.beautiful SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.good INDEF 2SG.POSS-tooth/age SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small INDEF IRR-PFV-2-become prayer
Translation: May you become a very beautiful, nice young girl.' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S237"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ku nɯra tɕe nɤki , ɯ-kɤχcɤl nɯra li ɲɯ-qarŋe qʰe ɲɯ-wɣrɯ~wɣrum kɯ-fse .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-head DEM:PL LNK FILLER 3SG.POSS-top.head DEM:PL again SENS-be.yellow LNK SENS-EMPH~be.white SBJ:PCP-be.like
Translation: It is yellow and very white on the top of its head.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯ-rgɯ~rga ʑo tɯrme ra maŋe-nɯ ma
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-EMPH~like EMPH people PL not.exist:SENS-PL LNK
Translation: There are no people who like it a lot.' (160706 thotsi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006133#S24"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɣa kɤ-rɯɕmi kɯ-spɯ~spa nɯ kɯ …
Glosses: bird INF-speak SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.able DEM ERG …
Translation: The bird who was able to speak very well (said ….).' (2012 Norbzang) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003768#S25"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɯ-ji sna tɕe , [tɕʰi lɤ́-wɣ-nɯ-jɯ~ji] ʑo pe
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-field be.good LNK what AOR-INV-AUTO-EMPH~plant EMPH be.good:FACT
Translation: (The type of earth called tɤtʂo) is fit (to be used) as fields, whatever one plants in it, [the planting] will be good (successful).' (25-cWXCWz) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003636#S61"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe tɯ-ŋke ɯ-mɤ-ta-ʑa , ɯ-mɤ-nɯ-mɯnmu qʰe mɯ́j-sɤ-mto
Glosses: LNK INF:II-walk QU-NEG-AOR:3→3-start QU-NEG-AOR-move LNK NEG:SENS-PROP-see
Translation: If it has not started walking, if it has not moved, it is not visible.' (26-NalitCaRmbWm) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003676#S102"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: jɯfɕɯr jɯ-mɤ-ɕ-tɤ-tʰu-t-a ʑo
Glosses: yesterday PROXM-NEG-TRAL-AOR-ask-PST:TR-1SG EMPH
Translation: Yesterday I almost did not go and ask about it.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤ-mu nɯ ɣɯjpa kɯre mɤɕtʂa mɯ-nɯ-si
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-mother DEM this.year DEM.LOC until NEG-AOR-die
Translation: The old woman only died this year.' (`she did not die until this year') (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɯ~mɤ-nɯ-si-a nɤ , a-tɤ-kɯ-nɯlaʁrdaβ-a ra
Glosses: COND~NEG-AOR-die-1SG ADD IRR-PFV-2→1-hit.with.forelegs-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: If [after that] I have not died [yet], hit me with your forelegs.' (2003kAndzwsqhaj2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: qajɯ kɯ-fse ra tu-ndze ɯmɤ-ŋu ma
Glosses: bug SBJ:PCP-be.like PL IPFV-eat[III] PROB-be:FACT LNK
Translation: It presumably/maybe eats bugs.' (23-pGAYaR) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003606#S28"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo maʁ-a
Glosses: 1SG not.be:FACT-1SG
Translation: I am not [that girl].' (2003 sras)