lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: smɤt tɯmda rɟɤlpu nɯra ɣɯ nɯ-sakaβ tʂu nɯtɕu ɕ-kɤ-rɤʑi ɲɯ-ŋu . lo-nɯ-kʰɤ-rŋgɯ kɯ-fse ndɤre
Glosses: pl.n pl.n king DEM:PL GEN 3PL.POSS-well path DEM:LOC TRAL-AOR-stay SENS-be AOR-DENOM-house-lie.down SBJ:PCP-be.like LNK
Translation: He went to the water well of the king of Smad, and stayed there. He lay down on the ground in a casual way.' (2005-stod-kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe nɯtɕu tɕe qro nɯ ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-ŋgɯ ra ku-ɕe , ɯ-mɲaʁ nɯ ku-mtsɯɣ nɤ tu-nɯ-rmbɯ-χtɕi nɯra tɕe ,
Glosses: LNK DEM:LOC LNK ant DEM 3SG.POSS-eye 3SG.POSS-in PL IPFV:EAST-go 3SG.POSS-eye DEM IPFV-bite ADD IPFV-DENOM-urine-wash DEM:PL LNK
Translation: (When the bear comes to eat them), the ants go into its eyes, bite its eyes and spray acid on them.' (26-qro)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: iɕqʰa qaʑo nɯ-ɲɤm kɯ-sɯ nɯra qʰe ɲɯ-nɯɣɯ-krɤɣ , qaʑo kɯ-nɯ-ɲɤm-kʰe nɯra … mɯ́j-nɯɣɯ-krɤɣ .
Glosses: the.aforementioned sheep 3PL.POSS-flesh SBJ:PCP-be.plump DEM:PL LNK SENS-FACIL-shear sheep SBJ:PCP-DENOM-flesh-be.skinny DEM:PL _ NEG:SENS-FACIL-shear
Translation: Sheep that are plump are easy to shear, but sheep that are skinny are difficult to shear.' (160712 smAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: maka lu-kɯ-nɤpʰɯxtsɯ tɕe tɕe rcanɯ , tɤ-pʰɯ lú-wɣ-xtsɯ tɕe ,
Glosses: at.all IPFV-GENR:S/O-DENOM-clod-pound LNK LNK UNEXP:DEG INDEF.POSS-clod IPFV-INV-pound LNK
Translation: When people break clods of earths, …' (26-mYaRmtsaR)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: cɯ nɯ-pʰɯt-t-a
Glosses: stone AOR-take.out-PST:TR-1SG
Translation: I cleared the stones [from the field].' (elicitation)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯʑo nɯ , tatpa ta-ta ma qʰaru mucin ʑo mɯ-pa-lɤt nɤ tɤ-ari ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: 3SG DEM faith AOR:3→3-put LNK look.back at.all EMPH NEG-AOR:3→3-release ADD AOR:UP-go[II] SENS-be
Translation: He kept faith and did not look back at all and went up (did not fall down and reached the heavens).' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tsʰoŋχpɯn nɤrɯβzaŋ ɯʑo mɯma ʑo pɯ-nɤ-qʰa-ru-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu , kɯ~kɯ-tu ʑo pɯ-atɤr-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋu ,
Glosses: ANTHR ANTHR 3SG apart.from EMPH AOR-DENOM-BACK-look-PL SENS-be TOTAL~SBJ:PCP-exist EMPH AOR-fall-PL SENS-be
Translation: Apart from Tshong dpon Norbzang, they looked back, and all of them fell down.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ʁrɯ nɯ ki tu-fse qʰe ɯ-qʰu ri lu-ru ,
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-horn DEM DEM.PROX IPFV-be.like LNK 3SG.POSS-behind LOC IPFV:UPSTREAM-look
Translation: Its horn is turned towards its back like that.' (20-RmbroN)
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ lo-ɕe tɕe si ɯ-qʰu nɯtɕu lo-ru ri ,
Glosses: girl DEM IFR:UPSTREAM-go LNK tree 3SG.POSS-behind DEM:LOC IFR:UPSTREAM-look LNK
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: jo-ɕqʰlɤt-ndʑi tɕe , ndʑi-qʰu jo-ru ma nɯ ma ɯ-kɤpa pjɤ-me .
Glosses: IFR-disappear-DU LNK 3DU.POSS-behind IFR-look LNK DEM apart.from 3SG.POSS-manner IFR.IPFV-not.exist
Translation: The two them disappeared, and the only thing she could do was looking at them from behind (at their back as they were going away).' (140506 shizi he huichang de bailingniao-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ-muj nɯra ʑɯrɯʑɤri cʰɤ-mtsʰɤt
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-feather DEM:PL progressively IFR:DOWNSTREAM-be.full
Translation: Progressively, the [little birds] became full of feathers.' (bailingniao he xiaoniao-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: qandʐe nɯ xtɕi qʰe kɯ-xtɕɯ~xtɕi ma maŋe , taqaβ jamar ma maŋe tɕe ʑɯrɯʑɤri cʰɯ-wxti ɲɯ-ɕti .
Glosses: earthworm DEM be.small:FACT LNK SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small apart.from not.exist:SENS needle about apart.from not.exist:SENS LNK progressively IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-be.big SENS-be.AFF
Translation: The earthworm is small, only about as small as a needle, and then it grows progressively.' (25-akWzgumba) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003632#S110"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ʑɯrɯʑɤri tɕe cʰɯ-ɣɯrni tɕe tʰɯ-ɣɯrni tɕe tɕe cʰɯ-tɯt ŋu tɕe ,
Glosses: progressively LNK IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-be.red LNK AOR:DOWNSTREAM-be.red LNK LNK IPFV-be.ripe be:FACT LNK
Translation: It progressively becomes red, and after it has become red it ripens.' (16-RlWmsWsi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003520#S17"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ ma tɤ-me tɕe ɲɯ-pʰɯt-nɯ
Glosses: DEM apart.from AOR:UP-not.exist LNK IPFV-take.out-PL
Translation: When there is nothing other than than this, people cut it.' (140427 qamtsWrmdzu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤj ɯ-tɯ́-sɯz ?
Glosses: 2SG QU-2-know:FACT
Translation: Do you know it?' (19 GzW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003536#S8"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: wo , ɯ-kú-tɯ-pe , ɯ-ɲɯ́-tɯ-cʰa ?
Glosses: INTERJ QU-EGOPH-2-be.good QU-SENS-2-be.fine
Translation: Are you feeling well, are you fine?' (140425 shizi huli he lu-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-ndze ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-eat[III] be:FACT
Translation: S/he/it eats/is eating it.' (Periphrastic Imperfective)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: S/he/it eats/is eating it.' (Periphrastic Sensory)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-ndze pɯ-ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-eat[III] PST.IPFV-be
Translation: S/he/it used to eat/was eating it.' (Periphrastic Past Imperfective)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-ndze pjɤ-ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-eat[III] IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: S/he/it used to eat/was eating it.' (Periphrastic Inferential Imperfective)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-ndze a-pɯ-ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-eat[III] IRR-IPFV-be
Translation: If s/he eats it…' (Periphrastic Irrealis)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤ-mtʰɯm tu-ndze-a pɯ-ŋu ri ,
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-meat IPFV-eat[III]-1SG PST.IPFV-be LNK
Translation: I was eating the meat.' (150909 qandZGi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ma lonba tɯtɯrca tu-mŋɤm pɯ-maʁ .
Glosses: LNK all together IPFV-hurt PST.IPFV-not.be
Translation: [My whole head] was not hurting all at the same time.' (24-pGArtsAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ku-rtoʁ tɕendɤre sɲikuku ʑo qro χsɯm pjɯ-ɣi-nɯ tɕe tɯmɯnɤmkʰa zɯ pjɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ-nɯ tɕe tɕe ɯ-tʰoʁ pɯ-azɣɯt-nɯ tɕe , ci ɲɯ-ʑɣɤ-sɤpʰɤr-nɯ tɕe , tɕe qro ɯ-ndʐi nɯ pjɯ-qaʁ-nɯ tɕe , ɯʑoz ɲɯ-ta-nɯ tɕe , ɯ-ŋgɯ tɕʰeme kɯ-mpɕɯ~mpɕɤr ʑo χsɯm ntsɯ ɲɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ tɕe lu-nɤtsoʁ-nɯ tɕe , tɕe tɯrmɯkʰa tɕe li nɤkinɯ tɤtsoʁ nɯ tu-nɯ-ndo-nɯ ʑara qro ɯ-ndʐi ɯ-ŋgɯ nɯ tu-nɯ-ŋga-nɯ tɕe tɕe ɲɯ-ʑɣɤ-sɤpʰɤr-nɯ qʰe tɕe ci ɯ-qʰu ci ʑo tɯmɯnɤmkʰa nɯtɕu tu-ɕqʰlɤt-nɯ ntsɯ pjɤ-ŋu .
Glosses: IPFV-look LNK everyday EMPH pigeon three IPFV:DOWN-come-PL LNK heaven LOC IPFV:DOWN-AUTO-come.out-PL LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-ground AOR:DOWN-reach-PL LNK a.little IPFV-REFL-shake-PL LNK LNK pigeon 3SG.POSS-skin DEM IPFV-peel-PL LNK apart IPFV:WEST-put LNK 3SG.POSS-inside girl SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.beautiful EMPH three always IPFV:WEST-AUTO-come.out LNK IPFV-collect.Potentilla.anserina LNK LNK evening LOC again FILLER Potentilla.anserina DEM IPFV:UP-AUTO-take-PL 3PL pigeon 3SG.POSS-skin 3SG.POSS-in DEM IPFV-AUTO-wear-PL LNK LNK IPFV-REFL-shake-PL LNK LNK one 3SG.POSS-after one EMPH heaven DEM:LOC IPFV:UP-disappear-PL always IFR.IPFV-be
Translation: He saw that everyday, three pigeons would come down from the heavens, and as they reached the ground, they would shake themselves, shed the pigeon skins and put them aside, and three beautiful girls would come out from [the skins], and they would collect Potentilla anserina, and in the evening, they would take the Potentilla, wrap themselves in their pigeon skin, shake themselves and disappear into the heavens one after the other.' (07-deluge)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɕ-tu-ru-a ŋu tɕe , tɯrme ɲɯ~ɲɯ-ŋu nɤ , a-ku , nɤki , tu-sɤŋoʁŋoʁ-a ŋu tɕe tɤ-ɣi ,
Glosses: TRAL-IPFV:UP-look-1SG be:FACT LNK human COND~SENS-be ADD 1SG.POSS-head FILLER IPFV-nod-1SG be:FACT LNK IMP:UP-come
Translation: I am going to have a look, and if it is a human, I will nod and you can come (and eat him).' (2012 khu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: wo a-mu ma-pɯ-tɯ-ʑɣɤ-sat tɕe aʑo pjɯ-nɯ-ɣi-a ŋu
Glosses: INTERJ 1SG.POSS-mother NEG-IMP-2-REFL-kill LNK 1SG IPFV:DOWN-VERT-come-1SG be:FACT
Translation: Mother, don't commit suicide, I am coming back.' (2003 kAndzwsqhaj2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯki tɯ-tɕʰɤɣdɯ ki nɤʑo ɯ-pɯ tɤ-pe tɕe , aʑo jɤ-nɯ-ɣe-a tɕe tɕe ɣɯ-ju-re-a ŋu
Glosses: DEM.PROX one-jar DEM.PROX 2SG 3SG.POSS-safekeeping IMP-do[II] LNK 1SG AOR-VERT-come[II]-1SG LNK LNK CISL-IPFV-fetch[III]-1SG be:FACT
Translation: Keep this jar (of olives for me while I am gone), when I come back I will come and take it back.' (140516 yiguan ganlan-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe ma nɯnɯ dɯdɯt nɯ kɯ tɕɣom kɯnɤ ɲɯ-ndze . tɕɣom kɯnɤ ɲɯ-ndze tɕe tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu , pjɯ-kre ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK LNK DEM dove DEM ERG xanthoxylum also SENS-eat[III] xanthoxylum also SENS-eat[III] LNK IPFV-eat SENS-be IPFV-cause.to.fall[III] SENS-be
Translation: The dove also eats xanthoxylum. It also eats xanthoxylum, and makes it fall (from the tree).' (22-CAGpGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤʑo nɤ-pʰe tu-ti-a maʁ , pɤnmawombɤr ɯ-pʰe tu-ti-a ɕti
Glosses: 2SG 2SG.POSS-DAT IPFV-say-1SG not.be:FACT ANTHR 3SG.POSS-DAT IPFV-say-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I am not saying it to you, I am saying it to Padma 'Od'bar.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe nɯ ɯ-fso lu-fsoʁ ɕɯŋgɯ qʰe li nɯra ɕ-to-stu .
Glosses: LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-tomorrow IPFV-be.bright before LNK again DEM:PL TRAL-IFR-do.like
Translation: The next day, before the day broke, he went (there) and did like [she had said].' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɯ-mɯ ku-lɤt ɕɯŋgɯ nɯ ɯ-tɯ-sɤ-ɕke pɯ-saχaʁ ʑo
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sky IPFV-release before DEM 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-PROP-burn PST.IPFV-be.extremely EMPH
Translation: Before it rained, it was very hot.' (conversation, 17-09-2018)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo pjɯ-ta-sɯxɕɤt ɯ-kʰɯkʰa lu-taʁ-a ŋu
Glosses: 1SG IPFV-1→-teach 3SG.POSS-while IPFV-weave be:FACT
Translation: I will teach you (how to weave) and weave at the same time.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: qʰe ɯ-pɯ tɯ-nɯ ɲɯ-jtsʰi ɯ-kʰɯkʰa , ɯ-ku kɯra tu-ste tɕe zrɯɣ ra pjɯ-re ɲɯ-ŋu . tɕe zrɯɣ nɯra tu-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-young INDEF.POSS-breast IPFV-give.to.drink 3SG.POSS-while 3SG.POSS-head DEM.PROX:PL IPFV-do.like[III] LNK louse PL IPFV-pick.off[III] SENS-be LNK louse DEM:PL IPFV-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: While [the monkey mother] nurses her baby, she does this to its head at the same time and picks lice off. Then she eats the lice.' (19-GzW)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: atu pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ pjɯ́-wɣ-sat ɲɯ-ra
Glosses: up.there bird DEM IPFV-INV-kill SENS-be.needed
Translation: We have to kill the bird upstairs.' (2003 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pjɯ-tɯ-ɣi mɤ-ra
Glosses: IPFV:DOWN-2-come NEG-be.needed:FACT
Translation: You don't have to come down (with us).' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-kɯ-qur-a ɯ́-jɤɣ
Glosses: IPFV-2→1-help-1SG QU-be.possible:FACT
Translation: Could you help me?' (150901 dongguo xiansheng he lang-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: qala kɯ nɯra kɯ-fse βlaβlu tu-βze pjɤ-ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: hare ERG DEM:PL SBJ:PCP-be.like trick IPFV-do[ILI] IFR.IPFV-be.usually.the.case
Translation: The hare used to do tricks like that.' (31-qala)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɲɯ-krɤm mɯ́j-spe qhe , tɕendɤre nɯnɯ ɯ-pɯ tɯ-rdoʁ nɯ kɯ … tu-nɯ-ndɤm qʰe , ɯʑo stɯsti ʑo tu-nɯ-ndze ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: IPFV-share[III] NEG:SENS-be.able[III] LNK LNK DEM 3SG.POSS-young one-piece DEM ERG _ IPFV-AUTO-take[III] LNK 3SG alone EMPH IPFV-AUTO-eat[III] SENS-be
Translation: [The mother cat] does not know how to share (the food she has brought for her kitten equally), one of the kitten takes [it all] and eats it alone (without giving anything to its mother or the other kittens).' (21-lWLU)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ku-ʑɣɤɕtʰɯz-a ma zdɯxpa
Glosses: IPFV-reveal.one's.true.nature-1SG LNK poor
Translation: Let me show him who I am, poor him.' (2003kandzwsqhaj)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ku-kɯ-nɤjo-a je
Glosses: IPFV-2→1-wait-1SG SFP
Translation: Wait for me!' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ju-kɯ-tsɯm-a wo , a-wi
Glosses: IPFV-2→1-take.away-1SG SFP 1SG.POSS-grandmother
Translation: Take me away with you, grandmother!' (140519 mai huochai de xiao nvhai-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004036#S151"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ-me ɲɯ-kɯ-mbi-a-nɯ ma aʑo-sti kɤ-nɯ-ɕe mɤ-cʰa-a
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-daughter IPFV-2→1-give-1SG-PL LNK 1SG-alone INF-VERT-go NEG-can:FACT-1SG
Translation: Give me your daughter, I cannot go back there alone.' (02-deluge2012)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ɲɯ-nɯkɯmaʁ-a nɤ ɲɯ-kɯ-sɯ-βzɟɯr-a
Glosses: QU-IPFV-make.a.mistake-1SG ADD IPFV-2→1-CAUS-correct-1SG
Translation: If I make a mistake (when speaking), correct me.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tʰɯ-tɯt ri tɕe cʰɯ-wɣrum ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: AOR-be.ripe LNK LNK IPFV-be.white SENS-be
Translation: When it ripens, it becomes white.' (16-CWrNgo)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ kɯnɤ cʰɯ-mɤɕi-ndʑi mɯ-pjɤ-cʰa-ndʑi
Glosses: DEM also IPFV-be.rich-DU NEG-IFR.IPFV-can-DU
Translation: Despite [their hard work], they could not become rich. (divination 2003)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ʑɯrɯʑɤri tɕe tɕendɤre ɯ-skɤt nɯ tɯ~tu-mpɕɤr ʑo ŋu
Glosses: progressively LNK LNK 3SG.POSS-voice DEM INCR~IPFV-be.beautiful EMPH be:FACT
Translation: (As the rooster grows bigger), its voice progressively becomes more and more beautiful.' (22-kumpGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɯ-rom tɕe tɕe ɲɯ-ɲaʁ ʑo ŋu
Glosses: AOR-be.dry LNK LNK IPFV-be.black EMPH be:FACT
Translation: When [the puffball mushroom] dries, it becomes black.' (22-BlamajmAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe ɯ-jme nɯnɯ kɯ ɲɯ-ɲaʁ
Glosses: LNK 3SG.POSS-tail DEM ERG SENS-be.black
Translation: It tail is blacker.' (23-qapGAmtWmtW)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-zda ra kɯ ku-rtoʁ-nɯ tɕe , [nɯnɯ rdɤstaʁ ɲɤ-k-ɤβzu rcanɯ], wuma ʑo pjɤ-ɲɟɤt-nɯ .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-companion PL ERG IPFV-look-PL LNK DEM stone IFR-PEG-become-PEG UNEXP:DEG really EMPH IFR-regret-PL
Translation: His companion saw that he had been turned to stone, and regretted very much [not having trusted him].' (150902 hailibu-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: spjaŋkɯ kɯ ʁlɤwɯr ʑo ku-rtoʁ tɕe , kʰɯna ɣɯ ɯ-mke nɯtɕu ʁmazgrɯβ ci pjɤ-mto ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: wolf ERG suddenly EMPH IPFV-look LNK DOG GEN 3SG.POSS-neck DEM:LOC scar INDEF IFR-see SENS-be
Translation: The wolf suddenly saw [that there was] a scar on the dog's neck.' (140426 jiagou he lang-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-wa kɯ-rɯjɤɣɤt ɲɤ-ɕe ri , ɲɯ-sɤŋo tɕe , [ɯ-taʁ nɯtɕu tɯrme ci ɲɤ-ɣi]
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-father SBJ:PCP-go.to.toilets IFR:WEST-go LNK IPFV-listen LNK 3SG.POSS-up DEM:LOC man INDEF IFR:WEST-come
Translation: My father had gone to the bathroom, and heard someone coming upstairs.' (08-kWqhi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: iɕqʰa kɯ-nɯɕɤlɤmbɯmbjom nɯ cʰɤ-sta , … tɕendɤre ku-rtoʁ tɕe , [ɯ-tɯ-ci ri pjɤ-lwoʁ tɕe , tɕendɤre iɕqʰa nɯ , tɤɕime nɯ ri kɯ-ɤrqʰɯ~rqʰi ʑo jo-nɯ-ɕe ɕti] tɕe ,
Glosses: the.aforementioned SBJ:PCP-racing DEM IFR-wake.up _ LNK IPFV-look LNK 3SG.POSS-INDEF.POSS-water also IFR-spill LNK LNK FILLER DEM lady DEM also SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.far EMPH IFR-AUTO-go be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: The racer woke up, and saw that his water had been spilled, and that the princess had already gone far away.' (140505 liuhaohan zoubian tianxia-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe kɯrtsɤɣ nɯnɯ ɯ-ku nɯnɯ kú-wɣ-rtoʁ tɕe , lɯlu tsa ɯ-tsʰɯɣa fse ,
Glosses: LNK leopard DEM 3SG.POSS-head DEM IPFV-INV-look LNK cat a.little 3SG.POSS-shape be.like:FACT
Translation: Looking at the leopard's head, it seems a bit like that of the cat.' (27-qartshAz)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo ndɤre ku-rtoʁ-a ɲɯ-naχtɕɯɣ-ndʑi ɕti .
Glosses: 1SG LNK IPFV-look-1SG SENS-be.the.same-DU be.AFF:FACT
Translation: [When] I look at them (i.e. two species of birds), they look the same.' (24-ZmbrWpGa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ŋɤqa kɤ-ti ci tu tɕe , kɯ-ɤrqʰi ju-kɯ-ru tɕe , [salaboŋboŋ tsa fse].
Glosses: mushroom.sp OBJ:PCP-say INDEF exist:FACT LNK SBJ:PCP-be.far IPFV-GENR:S/O-look.at LNK puffball a.little be.like:FACT
Translation: There is [a mushroom] called ŋɤqa (cow's foot), when one looks at it from far away, it is a bit like a puffball.' (22-BlamajmAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe kumpɣɤtɕɯ nɯnɯ pɣɤtɕɯ nɯ-rca , kɯ-xtɕi ci zdoʁzdoʁ ŋu tɕe , ɯʑo xtɕi ri wuma ʑo ɕqraʁ tɕe ɯ-mɲaʁ ɯ-rkɯ nɯnɯ ra kɯ-ɲaʁ kɯ tú-wɣ-fskɤr , nɯ ɯ-taʁ ri , hanɯni , kɯ-xtɕɯ~xtɕi kɯ-ɣɯrni kɯ-fse tu , ɯ-xtɤpa nɯ ra , ɯ-rqopa pjɯ-ʑe tɕe , nɯ ra , ɯ-jme mɯ-tʰɯ-nɯ-ɬoʁ mɤɕtʂa nɯ wɣrum
Glosses: LNK sparrow DEM bird 3PL-among SBJ:PCP-be.small INDEF IDEO:STAT:small.and.cute be:FACT LNK 3SG be.small:FACT but really EMPH be.smart:FACT LNK 3SG:POSS-eye 3SG:POSS-border DEM PL SBJ:PCP-be.black ERG IPFV-INV-surround DEM 3SG-on LOC a.little SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small SBJ:PCP-be.red SBJ:PCP-be.like exist:FACT 3SG:POSS-belly DEM PL 3SG:POSS-throat IPFV-begin[III] LNK DEM PL 3SG:POSS-tail NEG-AOR-AUTO-come.out until DEM be.white:FACT
Translation: Among the birds, the sparrow is tiny and cute. Although it is small it is very smart. Its eyes are surrounded by black [feathers], and above that there are some red [dots]. Its belly is white from the throat to the tail.' (22 kumpGatCW)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ku kɯ-mpɯ nɯ ɲɯ́-wɣ-pʰɯt tɕe , nɯŋa ra kɯ ndza-nɯ , paʁ kɯ mɤ-ndze
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-head SBJ:PCP-be.soft DEM IPFV-INV-pluck LNK cow PL ERG eat:FACT-PL pig ERG NEG-eat:FACT
Translation:  One plucks the [leaves] on the extremities, the soft ones, cows eat it, pigs don't.' (06 qaZmbri)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ŋotɕu tɯ-ɕe nɤ-qʰɯ~qʰu ɣi-a , nɤ-ŋga nɤ-xtsa fkur-a
Glosses: where 2-go:FACT 2SG.POSS-EMPH~after come:FACT-1SG 2SG.POSS-clothes 2SG.POSS-shoes carry:FACT-1SG
Translation: Wherever you go, I will go after you, I will carry your clothes and your shoes.' (26-kWlAGpopo)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mbarkʰom tʰɤjtɕu tɯ-ɣi ?
Glosses: Mbarkham when 2-come::FACT
Translation: When are you coming to Mbarkham?' (Conversation 2014)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: si-a ɲɤ-sɯso , tʰa ɣɯ-sat-a ɲɤ-sɯso
Glosses: die:FACT-1SG IFR-think in.a.moment INV-kill:FACT-1SG IFR-think
Translation: He thought “I will die", he thought “It will kill me".' (Buxiejiang gaizuo yisheng-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕetʰa ɣi ɕti ma , sɲikuku ʑo ju-ɣi ɲɯ-ɕti tɕe nɯ ntsɯ tu-ti ɲɯ-ɕti
Glosses: in.a.moment come:FACT be:AFF:FACT LNK every.day EMPH IPFV-come SENS-be:AFF LNK DEM always IPFV-say SENS-be:AFF
Translation: It will come soon: it comes everyday and each times says this.' (qaCpa 2003)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-mu jɯɣmɯr tɕe tɕi-scawa ɣe ma kʰu ɣi tʰaŋ nɤ
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-mother today.evening LNK 1DU.POSS-poor SFP LNK tiger come:FACT SFP SFP
Translation: Mother, poor us, this evening the tiger is probably coming (for us).' (The tiger)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯna-j ɯ́-jɤɣ
Glosses: rest:FACT-1SG QU-be.allowed:FACT
Translation: Could we rest?' (2003 qachGa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003372#S138"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo kɯ-kaβ ɕe-a ra
Glosses: 1SG SBJ:PCP-scoop go:FACT-1SG be.needed:FACT
Translation: I have to go to scoop water.' (2014-kWlAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: `....' ti ɲɯ-ŋu
Glosses: _ say:FACT SENS-be
Translation: S/he said: `…” (many examples)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɣzɯtʰɯz ndɤre , sɯjno tɕi mɯ-ɲɯ-ɤ-rtsi , si tɕi mɯ-ɲɯ-ɤ-rtsi .
Glosses: Selaginella LNK grass also NEG-SENS-PASS-count tree also NEG-SENS-PASS-count
Translation: The Selaginella can be counted neither as a species of grass nor as a tree.' (16-RlWmsWsi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɯ-mɯ pɤjkʰu mɯ-ɲɯ-ɤsɯ-lɤt ri , qale ɲɯ-ɤsɯ-βzu .
Glosses: INDEF.POSS-sky yet NEG-SENS-PROG-release LNK wind SENS-PROG-make
Translation: It is not yet raining, but there is wind.' (conversation, 15-06-05)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-ɬaʁ kɯ nɯ ɲɯ-ɤs-tɯt
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-FZ ERG DEM SENS-PROG-say[II]
Translation: My aunt is saying [those things].' (2003 smanmi2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tu-mbri tɕe ɯ-skɤt wuma ʑo ɲɯ-mpɕɤr
Glosses: IPFV-cry LNK 3SG.POSS-voice really EMPH SENS-be.beautiful
Translation: When it cries, its voice is very beautiful.' (04-cuiniao-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɲɯ́-wɣ-nɤmɤle tɕe ɲɯ-mpɯ .
Glosses: IPFV-INV-touch LNK SENS-be.soft
Translation: It is soft to the touch.' (19-khWlu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe nɯ tu-nɤmnɤm-nɯ tɕe , cɤmtsʰo ɯ-di , pɯ~pɯ-ŋu nɤ , ɯ-di ɲɯ-mnɤm , tɕe nɯnɯ tɕu ɯ-fsa tu-ta-nɯ ɲɯ-ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: LNK DEM IPFV-smell-PL LNK musk 3SG.POSS-smell COND~PST.IPFV-be LNK 3SG.POSS-smell SENS-be.smell LNK DEM LOC 3SG.POSS-snare IPFV-put-PL SENS-be.usually.the.case
Translation: [The hunters] sniff [the places] (where they find deer hair). The smell of musk, it is very strong. They put the snare there.' (27-kikakCi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tú-wɣ-ndza tɕe wuma ʑo ɲɯ-mɯm ɲɯ-ti
Glosses: IPFV-INV-eat LNK really EMPH SENS-be.tasty SENS-say
Translation: She said: `[These ferns] (prepared this way) are very nice to eat'.' (said just after eating them; conversation 14.05.10)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tʰam tɕe mɯ́j-cʰa-a , a-mi ɲɯ-mŋɤm .
Glosses: now LNK NEG:SENS-can-1SG 1SG.POSS-foot SENS-hurt
Translation: I can't now, my foot hurts.' (21-kuGrummAG)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯ-maqʰu qʰe tɯ-ɕɣa ɲɯ-mŋɤm
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.after LNK GENR.POSS-tooth SENS-hurt
Translation: Afterwards our teeth hurt.' (27-tApGi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ-mci kɤ-rɤwum maka mɯ́j-cʰa-nɯ tɕe nɯ-mci tu-ɣɤrɯβrɯβ ʑo ɲɯ-ŋu . tɕe nɯ-rqo ɲɯ-mŋɤm rca ,
Glosses: 3PL.POSS-saliva INF-collect at.all NEG:SENS-can-PL LNK 3PL.POSS-saliva IPFV-flow.continuously EMPH SENS-be LNK 3PL.POSS-throat SENS-hurt SFP
Translation: They cannot keep the saliva in their mouths, and it flows continuously. Their throats hurt.' (27-kharwut)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯɕnɤsqi tʰɯ-azɣɯt ri , tɕe pɤjkʰu ɯ-mi ɲɯ-mŋɤm tɕe ri , nɯ kɯnɤ kʰa tsʰitsuku ɲɯ-nɤme ɕti .
Glosses: seventy AOR-reach but LNK already 3SG.POSS-foot SENS-hurt LNK but DEM also house some.things SENS-work[III] be.AFF:FACT
Translation: He is seventy, his foot hurts already, but even so he does all sorts of work at home.' (14-siblings)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: “ɯ-qa nɯtɕu χsɤr tɯ-taɴɢoʁ ɲɯ-ɤ-rku tɕe , nɯ a-tɤ-sɯ-tɕɤt tɕe ɲɯ-pʰɤn” ɲɯ-ti
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-root DEM:LOC gold one-basket SENS-PASS-be.put.in LNK DEM IRR-PFV-CAUS-take.out LNK SENS-be.efficient SENS-say
Translation: (After performing the divination), [the lama] said `There is one basketful of gold (buried) at the root [of the tree]_i, if [the tree]_i asks someone to take it out, that will solve its_i problems). ' (2003 divination)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: amaŋ , nɯstʰɯci ɲɯ-mbro
Glosses: INTERJECTION:SURPRISE so.much SENS-be.high
Translation: It is so high!' (150826 liyu tiao longmen-zh) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006266#S73"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: amaŋ , nɯ ɯ-tɯ-sɤre , mtsʰɤri , ɯ-tɯ-sɤmtsʰɤr nɯ
Glosses: INTERJECTION:SURPRISE DEM 3SG-NMLZ:DEG-be.funny how.strange 3SG-NMLZ:DEG-be.surprising SFP
Translation: It is so funny, so surprising!' (150830 baihe jiemei-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ŋgoŋpu ɴɢoɕna kɤ-ti ci tu tɕe , nɯnɯ wxti nɯ stoʁ jamar tu . kú-wɣ-rtoʁ tɕe sɤɣ-mu .
Glosses: disaster spider OBJ:PCP-say INDEF exist:FACT LNK DEM be.big:FACT DEM bean about exist:FACT IPFV-INV-look.at LNK PROP-be.afraid:FACT
Translation: There is one that is called `disaster spider', it is big, like the size of a bean. It is terrifying to look at it.' (26 mYaRmtsaR)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯnɯ ɯ-mɯntoʁ nɯ mpɕɤr .
Glosses: DEM 3SG.POSS-flower DEM be.beautiful:FACT
Translation: It has a beautiful flower.' (15-babW) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003512#S58"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: sɯŋgi nɯ ɲɯ-sɤɣ-mu .
Glosses: lion DEM SENS-PROP-be.afraid
Translation: Lions are terrifying.' (20 sWNgi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003562#S64"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: <jiaoma> nɯ ɲɯ-mpɕɤr
Glosses: gnu DEM SENS-be.beautiful
Translation: Gnus are beautiful.' (20-RmbroN) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003560#S126"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: slɤzɯn kɯ ɲɯ-dɤn , tɕe tɯ-xpa tɕe ʁnɯ-ɣjɤn jamar ɣɤʑu , ʁmbɣɯzɯn ɲɯ-rkɯn ɕti .
Glosses: lunar.eclipse ERG SENS-be.many LNK one-year LOC two-times about exist:SENS solar.eclipse SENS-be.few be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Lunar eclipses are more numerous, they occur about twice a year, while solar eclipses are rarer.' (29-mWBZi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-rna nɯ mbro ɣɯ sɤz ɲɯ-wxti .
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-ear DEM horse GEN COMP SENS-be.big
Translation: Its ears are bigger than those of the horse.' (20-tArka)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɲɯ-tɯ-mkʰɤz
Glosses: SENS-2-be.expert
Translation: You are good.' (heard in several conversations)
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: nɤʑo stu ʑo tɯ-mkʰɤz tɕe , tɕe nɤʑo ɕ-tɤ-nɤme
Glosses: 2SG most EMPH 2-be.expert:FACT LNK LNK 2SG TRAL-IMP-do[III]
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤ-tɕɯ tɤ-sci tɕe ɲɯ-pe tɕe papa , aʑo ɲɯ-rga-a
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-child AOR-born LNK SENS-good LNK good 1SG SENS-be.happy-1SG
Translation: It is nice that you now have a son, I am happy.' (conversation 2013)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo ndɤre ɲɯ-sɤjloʁ-a tɕe , tɤrʁaʁkɕi kɯnɤ ʑo kú-wɣ-mtsɯɣ-a mɯ́j-sɯsɤm
Glosses: 1SG on.the.other.hand SENS-be.ugly-1SG LNK hunting.dog also EMPH IPFV-INV-bite-1SG NEG:SENS-think[III]
Translation: I am [so] ugly that even a hunting dog does not want to bite me.' (140519 chou xiaoya-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo a-pʰe “nɤʑo ju-tɯ-ɕe ra" ɲɯ-ti-nɯ .
Glosses: 1SG 1SG.POSS-DAT 2SG IPFV-2-go be.needed:FACT SENS-say-PL
Translation: They said to me: `You have to go.” (2010-09)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ tɤ-ŋu tɕe tɕe , si lú-wɣ-ɣɤjɯ , smi a-tɤ-wxti tɕe ɲɯ-pʰɤn
Glosses: DEM AOR-be LNK LNK wood IPFV-INV-add fire IRR-PFV-be.big LNK SENS-be.efficient
Translation: (He thought:) `In this case, if [I] add more firewood, and the fire gets bigger, it should work.' (150827 taisui-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aki ɕ-pɯ-sɤŋo ma … “ndzaʁlaŋ tɯrme jo-ɣi tɕe , tɯ-ci kɤ-kɯ-nɯχtɕɤn ɯ-ŋgɯ ɕ-pjɯ́-wɣ-βde ɲɯ-ra" ɯ-kɯ-ti ci ɣɤʑu tɕe , ɯ-ɲɯ́-ŋu kɯ ?
Glosses: down.there TRAL-IMP:DOWN-listen LNK _ Jambudvîpa man IFR-come LNK INDEF.POSS-water AOR-SBJ:PCP-be.fierce 3SG.POSS-inside TRAL-IPFV:DOWN-INV-throw SENS-be.needed 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-say INDEF exist:SENS LNK QU-SENS-be QU
Translation: Go and listen down there to [see whether] there is someone saying `A man from Jambudvîpa has come, let us throw him into the fierce water.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯre ku-rɤʑi-a
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC PRS-stay-1SG
Translation: I am here.' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kutɕu ku-rɤʑi-a ɲɯ-ɬoʁ
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC IPFV-stay-1SG SENS-be.needed
Translation: I had better (have no choice but to) stay here.' (28-qajdoskAt)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯ-ɤrqʰi kɤ-ɕe mɯ-ku-cʰa-a
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.far INF-go NEG-PRS-can-1SG
Translation: I cannot go very far.' (for now, due to an accident; conversation 17-09-21)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo kɯre a-ʁa ku-me tɯ-mgo ku-osɯ-βzu-a ɕti
Glosses: 1SG here 1SG.POSS-free.time PRS-not.exist INDEF.POSS-food PRS-PROG-make-1SG be.AFF:FACT
Translation: I don't have time, I am making food.' (Rkangrgyal) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003943#S72"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɕa ʁɟa ʑo ku-o<nɯ>sɯ-ndza-j ma fsapaʁ ɯ-tɯ-si ɯ-grɤl maŋe .
Glosses: meat completely EMPH PRS-PROG<AUTO>-eat-1PL LNK animal 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-die 3SG.POSS-order not.exist:SENS
Translation: (These days) we are eating only meat, as (farm) animals have been dying in great numbers (due to a disease).' (2003 kandZislama)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯre ku-nɯna-j
Glosses: here EGOP-rest-1PL
Translation: (Today, on the National Holiday), we are resting here.' (conversation, 16-10-01)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: <kuabao> ɯ-spa ci ku-taʁ-a
Glosses: satchel 3SG.POSS-material INDEF PRS-weave-1SG
Translation: I am weaving a satchel.' (conversation, 14-11-25)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯre ku-ta-nɤjo
Glosses: DEM.PROX:LOC PRS-1→2-wait
Translation: I am right here waiting for you.' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-kú-tɯ-scit-nɯ ?
Glosses: QU-PRS-2-be.happy-PL
Translation: Are you (and your family) happy?' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-wi cʰo a-wa ni nɤʑo nɤ-ndʐa kɯ wuma ʑo ku-nɯsɯmɯzdɯɣ-ndʑi tɕe
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grandmother COMIT 1SG.POSS-father DU 2SG 2SG.POSS-reason ERG really EMPH PRS-worry-DU LNK
Translation: Grandmother and Father are very worried because of you.' (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤ-ma ɯ-kú-dɤn ?
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-work QU-PRS-be.many
Translation: Do you have a lot of work?' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-ma ku-dɤn
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-work PRS-be.many
Translation: I have a lot of work.
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: χpɤltɕin kɯ a-ma ra ku-oz-nɤma
Glosses: ANTHR ERG 1SG.POSS-work PL PRS-PROG-do
Translation: Dpalcan is doing my housework (in my stead).' (conversation, 16-04-12)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰeme nɯ kɯ `wuma ʑo ku-scit-i , rɟɤlpu ri a-taʁ wuma ku-sna , ʁjoʁ ra ri wuma ʑo ku-pe-nɯ' to-ti
Glosses: girl DEM ERG really EMPH PRS-be.happy-1PL king also 1SG-on really PRS-be.kind servant PL also really EMPH PRS-be.good IFR-say
Translation: The girl said: `We are very happy, the king is very kind to me, the servants are very nice.” (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: alan nɤki , ʁdɯrɟɤt ri <shangban> ku-osɯ-βzu
Glosses: ANTHR FILLER TOPO LOC office.work PRS-PROG-do
Translation: Alan, she is doing office work in Gdongbrgyad (these days).' (conversation, 2014-12-24)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯ-ngo wuma ʑo rkɯn , <abazhou> … pɯ-nɯ-mɯ~me ɕti qʰe , pɤjkʰu ku-nɯ-me .
Glosses: SBJ:PCP-be.sick really EMPH be.few:FACT Rngaba _ PST.IPFV-AUTO-EMPH~not.exist be.AFF:FACT LNK still PRS-AUTO-not.exist
Translation: There are few people sick (from Covid), (here) in Rngaba district there never was anyone, and even now there is not (a single) one.' (conversation 2020-07-31)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: `tʰam kɯnɤ me' kɤ-ti ɲɯ-ŋu .
Glosses: now also not.exist:FACT INF-say SENS-be
Translation: It means `not even now.
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕʰi ku-tɯ-nɤme ?
Glosses: what PRS-2-do[III]
Translation: What are you doing (now, these days)?' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: alan kɯ ji-pɤri ku-osɯ-βzu .
Glosses: ANTHR ERG 1PL.POSS-dinner PRS-PROG-make
Translation: Alan is preparing the dinner for us (right now).' (conversation, 15-01-02)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɤjkʰu kɯnɤ ɯʑo kɯ ku-oz-nɤma ɕti ma pɤjkʰu mɯ-ku-cʰa-a wo .
Glosses: still also 3SG ERG PRS-PROG-do be.AFF:FACT LNK still NEG-PRS-can-1SG SFP
Translation: Even now, he is still doing [the housework], as I am still unable [to do it] (due to an accident).' (conversation, 17-09-01)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tham a-pɯ-ŋu , tu-ndze-a maka mɤ-cʰa-a
Glosses: now IRR-IPFV-be IPFV-eat[III]-1SG at.all NEG-can:FACT-1SG
Translation: Now, I cannot eat [the fruit of the Ribes stenocarpum] at all (anymore, because it is too sour, unlike when the speaker was a child and did not mind about the sourness).' (18-NGolo)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-jɤ-tɯ-ɣɯt tɕe , aʑo cʰo … tɤɕime nɯ kɯ nɯnɯ kɤntɕʰaʁ ɣɯ ɯ-pɕi nɯtɕu ku-ta-nɤjo .
Glosses: IRR-PFV-2-bring LNK 1SG COMIT _ princess DEM ERG DEM town GEN 3SG.POSS-outside DEM:LOC IPFV-1→2-wait
Translation: When you bring [the bird], the princess and I will be waiting for you outside of the town.' (140507 jinniao-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: mɯ-ku-otɯɣ-a
Glosses: NEG-PRS-meet-1SG
Translation: I have not been meeting him (these days).' (conversation 16-03-10)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ku-scit-i
Glosses: PRS-be.happy-1PL
Translation: We are happy.' (conversation, in a response to a new years' greeting)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯtɕu ɲɯ-scit-a ɕti li tɕe tɕe a-zda ri ɲɯ-pe-nɯ ,
Glosses: DEM:LOC SENS-be.happy-1SG be.AFF:FACT again LNK LNK 1SG-companion also SENS-be.good-PL
Translation: I am very happy there, the people with me are very nice.' (140501 jingli) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003902#S149"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ tɤ-ŋu tɕe , aʑo ndɤre , ʁloŋbutɕʰi sɤz ndɤre ɲɯ-scit-a tɕe a-kʰi ɲɯ-ŋgɯ
Glosses: DEM AOR-be LNK 1SG on.the.other.hand elephant COMP on.the.other.hand SENS-be.happy-1SG LNK 1SG.POSS-luck SENS-be.lucky
Translation: Things being as they are, I am happier than the elephant, I am luckier than him.' (140425 shizi puluomixiusi he daxiang-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: χsɯ-xpa jɤ-tsu-j , nɯstʰɯci ʑo scit-i , amɯmi-j
Glosses: three-year AOR-pass-1SG so.much EMPH be.happy:FACT-1PL be.on.good.terms:FACT-1PL
Translation: We have been together for three years now, we are so happy together.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a^-6-tɤ^-3-ndze
Glosses: IRR-PFV-eat[III]
Translation: Let it/him/her eat/ if s/he/it eats
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a^-6-pɯ^-3-me
Glosses: IRR-IPFV-not.exist
Translation: If it does not exist
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a^-6-nɯ^-3-me
Glosses: IRR-PFV-not.exist
Translation: If it disappears
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɯrme ci a-nɯ-ɤpa-a kɯ
Glosses: human INDEF IRR-PFV-become-1SG SFP
Translation: If only I could become a human!' (150819 haidenver-zh)
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: a-tʰɯ-ɣi , a-tʰɯ-ɣi
Glosses: IRR-PFV:DOWNSTREAM-come IRR-PFV:DOWNSTREAM-come
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɯ-ɲɯ́-wɣ-sat-a nɤ a-pɯ́-wɣ-nɯ-sat-a ma mɤ-pʰɣo-tɕi
Glosses: QU-SENS-INV-kill-1SG add IRR-PFV-INV-AUTO-kill-1SG LNK NEG-flee-1DU
Translation: If she is to kill me let her kill me, we will not flee.' (2002nyimavodzer)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: pɤjkʰu a-tɤ-tɯ-mna , mɤʑɯ kɤ-rɤʑi
Glosses: still IRR-PFV-2-be.better yet IMP-stay
Translation: [Wait till] you get better, stay a little more.' (said to a convalescent person who wants to leave the place where she is taken care of.' (12-BzaNsa) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003484#S97"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-mɤ-tɤ-tɯ-nɯtɕʰomba ra ma tɕe nɤ-ɕqʰe ɲɯ-tʰɯ ɲɯ-ŋu wo
Glosses: IRR-NEG-PFV-2-have.a.cold be.needed:FACT LNK LNK 2SG.POSS-cough SENS-be.serious SENS-be SFP
Translation: Don't catch a cold, otherwise your cough will be become even more serious.' (conversation 17-09-01)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: andi ki stʰɯci smar kɯ-wxti iʑo kɤ-sɯ-βzɯr tɕʰi a-tɤ-stu-j ?
Glosses: west DEM.PROX so.much river SBJ:PCP-be.big 1PL INF-CAUS-move what IRR-PFV-do.like-1PL
Translation: How can we move such a huge river? (2005 tAwakWcqraR)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [kʰa kɤ-mto jɤ-tɯ-azɣɯt] tɕe qʰihihi χsɯ-ŋka a-tɤ-tɯ-ti ra
Glosses: house INF-see AOR-2-arrive LNK INTERJ three-word IRR-PFV-2-say be.needed:FACT
Translation: When you arrive within seeing distance from the house, say qʰihihi three times.' (qachGa 2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004087#S160"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ-tɯ-armbat-ndʑi tɕe , nɤ-mbro ɯ-jme zɯ pʰuɲi a-kɤ-tɯ-βraʁ , nɤʑo tɤ-muj stʰɯci a-tɤ-tɯ-ʑɣɤ-ɣɤ-ʑo , nɤ-mbro qale stʰɯci a-nɯ-ʑɣɤ-ɣɤ-mbjom
Glosses: AOR:WEST-2-be.near-DU LNK 2SG.POSS-horse 3SG.POSS-tail EMPH potentilla.fruticosa IRR-PFV-2-attach 2SG INDEF.POSS-feather so.much IRR-PFV-2-REFL-CAUS-be.light 2SG.POSS-horse wind so.much IRR-PFV-REFL-CAUS-be.quick
Translation: When you approach [the boulders], attach a branch of Potentilla fruticosa to the tail of your horse, make yourself as light as a feather, and may your horse be as quick as the wind.' (Smanmi2003.2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: aʑo nɯ , qale jamar ʑo tu-ʑɣɤ-ɣɤ-mbjom-a nɤʑo nɯ tɤ-muj jamar tɤ-ʑɣɤ-ɣɤ-ʑo
Glosses: 1SG DEM wind about EMPH IPFV-REFL-CAUS-be.quick-1SG 2SG DEM INDEF.POSS-feather about IMP-REFL-CAUS-be.light
Translation: I will make myself as quick as the wind, make yourself as light as a feather.' (28-smAnmi) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004063#S111"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: … ntsɯ kɤtɯpe ri , maka ɯ-jaʁ a-kɤ-tɯ-ndɤm , a-kɤ-tɯ-sɤtɕitʂi ʑo a-lɤ-tɯ-ɣɯt ma ɯ-skɤt a-mɤ-kɤ-tɯ-sɤŋɤm
Glosses: _ always tell:FACT LNK completely 3SG.POSS-hand IRR-PFV-2-take[III] IRR-PFV-2-continue EMPH IRR-PFV:UPSTREAM-2-bring LNK 3SG.POSS-word IRR-NEG-2-listen[III]
Translation: She will not stop saying `…', but don't release your grasp on her hand, and directly bring her (here), and don't listen to her words.' (qachGa 2003)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [nɯ wuma ʑo tu-ndze-a] ɲɯ-sɯsam-a
Glosses: DEM really EMPH IPFV-eat[III]-1SG SENS-think[III]-1SG
Translation: I want to eat it very much.' (140506 woju guniang-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: χawo ʑo kɯ-dɯ~dɤn kɯ a-kɤ-nɯtsʰɤβ-nɯ tɕe a-tɤ-tɕʰɯ-nɯ tɕe , a-pɯ-sat-nɯ kɯ ɲɯ-sɯsam-a ri
Glosses: INTERJ EMPH SBJ:PCP-EMPH~ ERG IRR-PFV-attack.in.pack-PL LNK IRR-PFV-gore-PL LNK IRR-PFV-kill-PL SFP SENS-think[III]-1SG LNK
Translation: I am thinking that if only they attacked in a pack and gored [the lion], they would probably kill it.' (20-RmbroN) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003560#S60"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: “nɯnɯ tɕe kɯ-xtɕɯ~xtɕi ci tu-tɕat-a tɕe nɯ a-tɤ-ndze" ɲɤ-sɯso
Glosses: DEM LNK SBJ:PCP-EMPH~be.small INDEF IPFV-take.out-1SG LNK DEM IRR-PFV-eat[III] IFR-think
Translation: He thought: `I will take a few (olives from the jar) so that she [can] eat some.' (140516 yiguan ganlan-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: “a-mi nɯnɯ a-tɤ-mna” ɲɯ-sɯsam-a tɕe , nɯra ku-z-nɯsman-a ŋu .
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-leg DEM IRR-PFV-be.better SENS-think[III]-1SG LNK DEM PRS-CAUS-treat-1SG be:FACT
Translation: In order for my leg to get better, I am treating it (with footbaths).' (conversation 2013-11-12)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: a-wɯ cʰo a-ʁi ni cʰɯ-ɣi-ndʑi ra ma ʑɤni-sti kɤ-rɤʑi mɤ-cʰa-ndʑi tɕe , [a-tʰɯ-ɣi-ndʑi] ra
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grandfather COMIT 1SG.POSS-younger.sibling DU IPFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-DU be.needed:FACT LNK 3DU-alone INF-stay NEG-can:FACT-DU LNK IRR-PFV:DOWNSTREAM-come-DU be.needed:FACT
Translation: My grandfather and younger brother have to come (with me), as they cannot stay on their own, let them come.' (2011-05-nyima 208-209)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ki ɲɯ-sɤ-ɕke tɕe , [a-nɯ-ɤfɕu] ɲɯ-ntsʰi
Glosses: DEM.PROX SENS-PROP-burn LNK IRR-PFV-cool.down SENS-be.better
Translation: This [tea] is too hot, let it cool down.' (elicited)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ a-jɤ-ɕe tɕe tɕetʰa kɤ-zɣɯt mɤ-cʰa tɕe si ɕti tɕe
Glosses: DEM IRR-PFV-go LNK soon INF-arrive NEG-can:FACT LNK die:FACT be.AFF:FACT LNK
Translation: Should he go there, he would not be able to reach [his goal], and would die.' (28-smAnmi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕiʑɤɣ nɯ kɯ-fse ci a-pɯ-tu ndɤre , kɯra kɯ-fse mɯ-pɯ-nɤŋkɯŋke-tɕi wo
Glosses: 1DU:GEN DEM SBJ:PCP-be.like INDEF IRR-IPFV-exist LNK DEM.PROX:PL SBJ:PCP-be.like NEG-PST.IPFV-DISTR:walk-1DU SFP
Translation: If we had that (much cattle and fields), we would not be wandering around like this.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kʰɤxtu ɕɯ-nɤʁaʁ-tɕi tɕe , [nɤ-kɤrme a-tɤ-zbaʁ]
Glosses: rooftop TRAL-have.fun:FACT-1DU LNK 2SG.POSS-hair IRR-PFV-be.dry
Translation: Let us go to the rooftop platform to rest, so that your hair can dry (after bathing).' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [nɯ tɕʰi a-tɤ-fse] tɕe ɲɯ-pʰɤn
Glosses: DEM what IRR-PFV-be.like LNK SENS-be.efficient
Translation: How [should he do] to solve [this problem]?' (Divination 2005)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [ɯ-ŋgɯ pjɯ-kɯ-ɕe tɕe tɯ-ku ci pjɯ́-wɣ-nɯ-sɤɕɤt , pjɯ́-wɣ-nɯ-χtɕi] a-pɯ-ŋu ndɤre , wuma ʑo sɤ-scit tʰaŋ nɤ !
Glosses: 3SG.POSS-inside IPFV:DOWN-GENR:S/O-go LNK GENR.POSS-head a.little IPFV-INV-AUTO-comb IPFV-INV-AUTO-wash IRR-IPFV-be LNK really EMPH PROP-be.happy:FACT SFP SFP
Translation: If one were to dive (in the water), comb and wash one's hair, it would be very nice!' (140515 congming de wusui xiaohai-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: jɤ-ɕe !
Glosses: IMP-go
Translation: Go away!' (many examples)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: toʁde tɕe jɤ-lɤt je ma a-<dianhua> ɯ-kɯ-lɤt ɣɤʑu
Glosses: a.moment LNK IMP-release SFP LNK 1SG.POSS-phone 3SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-release exist:SENS
Translation: Call me in a moment, there is someone calling me on the phone!' (conversation, 22-08-2018)
Language: Japhug ( translation)
Transcription: <guazi> tɤ-ndza-ndʑi
Glosses: melon.seed IMP-eat-DU
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: “a-wi smi tʰɯ-sɤtɕɤt" tɤ-tɯt-a tɕe lɤ-rɤɕi , “a-wi smi lɤ-rɤɕi" tɤ-tɯt-a tɕe tʰɯ-sɤtɕɤt ra
Glosses: 1SG.POSS-grandmother fire IMP-add.firewood AOR-say[II]-1SG LNK IMP:UPSTREAM-pull 1SG.POSS-grandmother fire IMP:UPSTREAM-pull AOR-say[II]-1SG LNK IMP-add.firewood be.needed:FACT
Translation: When I say `grandmother, add firewood', remove the firewood, and when I say `grandmother, remove the firewood', add firewood.' (2005 Kunbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe nɯnɯ ɕɤr tɕe tu-mbri tɕe “coʁcoʁcóʁcoʁcoʁ coʁcoʁcóʁcoʁcoʁ" tu-ti ŋu tɕe , “tɯ-sŋi tɯ-rtsɤɣ tɤ-mbro , tɯ-sŋi tɯ-rtsɤɣ tɤ-mbro" tu-ti ŋu tu-ti-nɯ ŋgrɤl .
Glosses: LNK DEM night LOC IPFV-sing LNK IDPH(X):cry IDPH(X):cry IPFV-say be:FACT LNK one-day ONE-node IMP-be.high one-day ONE-node IMP-be.high IPFV-say be:FACT IPFV-say-PL be.usually.the.case:FACT
Translation: (In June, when crops are about to grow), [the tacoʁcoʁ bird]_i sings in the night, making the sound coʁcoʁcóʁcoʁcoʁ, people say that it_i tells (the crops) `Grow by one node everyday!'.' (23-scuz)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: laʁjɯɣ nɤʑo tɤ-nɯ-ndɤm je tɕe , aʑo jɤɣɤt ci lu-ɕe-a nɤ
Glosses: staff 2SG IMP-AUTO-take[III] SFP LNK 1SG toilet INDEF IPFV:UPSTREAM-go-1SG SFP
Translation: Take the staff, I am going to the toilet.' (2005 khu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ-nɯ-nɤre ma nɤʑo qaɕpa nɤ-rʑaβ nɤ-kɯ-mbi kɯ-tu me
Glosses: IMP-AUTO-laugh LNK 2SG frog 2SG.POSS-wife 2SG.POSS-SBJ:PCP-give SBJ:PCP-exist not.exist:FACT
Translation: Laugh as you wish, nobody will give you a wife, you frog.' (2002 qaCpa)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɤnɤβdi je a-wɯ tɯɟo , a-qe kɯ-sɤ-ɕkɯ~ɕke ci tɤ-nɯ-ndze
Glosses: farewell SFP 1SG.POSS-grandfather demon 1SG.POSS-shit SBJ:PCP-PROP-EMPH~burn INDEF IMP-AUTO-eat[III]
Translation: Farewell, old demon, eat my hot shit!' (2005 tWJo)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: [nɤʑo tɤ-nɯ-ndɤm] jɤɣ
Glosses: 2SG IMP-AUTO-take[III] be.possible:FACT
Translation: Please take it.' (divination)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɤ-kɤ-tʰu ɯ-ɣɤʑu nɤ , [tɤ-tʰe] jɤɣ
Glosses: 2SG.POSS-OBJ:PCP-ask QU-exist:SENS ADD IMP-ask[III] be.possible:FACT
Translation: If you have a question, please ask.' (conversation, 14-11-08)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɕ-tɤ-tʰe ra
Glosses: TRAL-IMP-ask[III] be.needed:FACT
Translation: Go and ask him about it.' (divination)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ɕ-tɤ-re ra ma ɕɯ-kɤ-ru mɯ~mɤ-pɯ-tɯ-cʰa ŋu nɤ nɤ-srɤm nɤ-sroʁ lɤt-i
Glosses: TRAL-IMP-bring[III] be.needed:FACT LNK TRAL-INF-bring COND~NEG-AOR-2-can be:FACT LNK 1SG.POSS-root 1SG.POSS-life throw:FACT-1PL
Translation: Go and bring it here; if you do not succeed in going and bringing it here, we will destroy your root and your life.' (2005 Norbzang)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɤ-mbɣom ʑo tɤ-ɕe ra
Glosses: IMP-be.in.a.hurry EMPH IMP:UP-go be.needed:FACT
Translation: Hurry up and go upstairs!' (160706 poucet6) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0006109#S5"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: kɯki tʂu ki ma-nɯ-tɯ-βde ʑo jɤ-ɕe
Glosses: DEM.PROX path DEM.PROX NEG-IMP-2-throw EMPH IMP-go
Translation: Go along this path without leaving it!' (140507 jinniao-zh)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯtɕu ma-nɯ-tɯ-te ma tɤ-pɤtso ra nɯ-sta ɕti
Glosses: DEM:LOC NEG-IMP-2-put[III] LNK INDEF.POSS-child PL 3PL.POSS-place be.AFF:FACT
Translation: Don't put her there, it is the place for the children.' (2003kAndzwsqhaj2)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tɤ-kɯ-ndza-a tɕetʰa nɤ-χpi pjɯ-fɕat-a
Glosses: NEG-IMP-2→1-eat-1SG later 2SG.POSS-story IPFV-tell-1SG
Translation: Don't eat me, and I will tell you a story.' (tWJo 2012) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0004089#S60"></fn>
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ʑa ma-tɤ-nɯna-tɕi qʰe
Glosses: soon NEG-IMP-rest-1DU LNK
Translation: (In order to catch up with the wasted time), let us not stop (working) early (today).' (conversation 14-05-10)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: nɯ kʰramba ma-tɤ-βze-a ra ma
Glosses: DEM lie NEG-IMP-make[III]-1SG be.needed:FACT SFP
Translation: I musn't tell lies.' (27-kikakCi)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕe tɯ-mdʑu ɯ-taʁ ma-nɯ-ɤtɕaʁ ra ma tɯ-mdʑu tu-sɤzoŋzoŋ ʑo qʰe cʰɯ-nɯɣmbɤβ ɕti .
Glosses: LNK GENR.POSS-tongue 3SG.POSS-on NEG-IMP-stain be.needed:FACT LNK GENR.POSS-tongue IPFV-make.numb EMPH LNK IPFV-swell be.AFF:FACT
Translation: [The Arisaema consanguineum]_i mustn't get on one's tongue_j, as it_i makes it_j numb and swell up.' (14-sWNgWJu)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tɤ-tɯ-raʁle , tɤ-ʑɣɤ-ɕɯ-fka je
Glosses: NEG-IMP-2-be.polite IMP-REFL-CAUS-be.full SFP
Translation: Please eat your fill!' (heard in context)
Language: Japhug (English translation)
Transcription: tɕetu tɤ-ari-tɕi tɕe , ɯ-tɯ-ɣɤndʐo saχaʁ ʑo ri , “ɯtɕʰɯtɕʰɯ" ma-tɯ-ti
Glosses: up.there AOR:UP-go[II]-1DU LNK 3SG.POSS-NMLZ:DEG-be.cold be.extremely:FACT EMPH LNK INTERJ NEG:IMP-2-say
Translation: When we go up there (in the sky, near the moon), it will be extremely cold, but don't say `brrr'.' (07-deluge-64) <a href="https://doi.org/10.24397/pangloss-0003426#S62"></fn>