lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=talam-ay nu=eraw adaman .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=try-LV[PV] 2SG.POSS.PIVOT=alcohol yesterday
Translation: I tried your alcohol yesterday.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: tu=trima-aw na pangudral (kan Senten) adaman .
Glosses: 3.GEN=buy-PV DEF.PIVOT pineapple (SG.GEN Senten) yesterday
Translation: He/She/(Senten) bought pineapple yesterday.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: tu=pangasip-anay na urtati (kana walak) kana kuraw .
Glosses: 3.GEN=fish-CV DEF.PIVOT earthworm (DEF.GEN child) DEF.ACC fish
Translation: He/She/(the child) fished for the fish with the earthworms.
Language: Puyuma ( translation)
Transcription: me-na’u a bangsaran dra suwan .
Glosses: AV-see INDF.PIVOT young.man INDF.ACC dog
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u na bangsaran kana suwan .
Glosses: AV-see DEF.PIVOT young.man DEF.ACC dog
Translation: The young man saw the dog.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: maidrang [na t<em>enun dra kiping]
Glosses: old.person [LK <AV>weave INDF.ACC clothes]
Translation: the old person who wove clothes
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: *kiping [na t<em>enun na maidrang]
Glosses: clothes [LK <AV>weave DEF.PIVOT old.person]
Translation: (intended: ‘the clothes that the old person wove’)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan Labu [*(dra) tu=trekel-aw na eraw e .c .(GEN)].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT  Labu [   C 3.GEN=drink-PV DEF.PIVOT alcohol e.c.(GEN)]
Translation: I saw that Labu drank the alcohol.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku [*(dra) tu=trekel-aw na eraw kan Labu].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT [   C 3.GEN=drink-PV DEF.PIVOT alcohol SG.GEN Labu]
Translation: I saw that Labu drank the alcohol.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: t<em>alem i Atrung [(*dra) t<em>enun dra katring].
Glosses: try<AV> SG.PIVOT Atrung [   C weave<AV> INDF.ACC pants]
Translation: Atrung tried to weave pants.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: m-ungesalr=ku [(*dra) me-ladam t<em>ara’ na Puyuma].
Glosses: AV-start=1SG.PIVOT [   C AV-learn speak<AV> DEF.PIVOT Puyuma]
Translation: I have started learning Puyuma.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra d<em>eru=yu dra abay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C <AV>cook=2SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC rice.ball]
Translation: Siber saw that you cooked sticky rice balls.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra nu=deru-aw na abay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C 2SG.GEN=cook-PV DEF.PIVOT rice.ball]
Translation: Siber saw that you cooked sticky rice balls.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra nu=pubini’-ay dra bini’ na uma’].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C 2SG.GEN=sow-LV INDF.ACC seed DEF.PIVOT field]
Translation: Siber saw that you sowed seeds in the field.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Siber kanu [dra nu=deru-anay i Tuku dra abay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Siber 2SG.ACC [C 2SG.GEN=cook-CV SG.PIVOT Tuku INDF.ACC rice.ball]
Translation: Siber saw that you cooked sticky rice balls for Tuku.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: tu=t<em>alam [t<em>enun/*tenun-aw/*tenun-ay/*tenun-anay dra katring].
Glosses: 3.GEN=try<AV> [weave<AV>/*weave-PV/*weave-LV/*weave-CV INDF.ACC pants]
Translation: He/she tried to weave pants.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=talam-ay [d<em>eru/*deru-aw/*deru-ay/*deru-anay na ura].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=try-LV[PV] [cook<AV>/*cook-PV/*cook-LV/*cook-CV DEF.PIVOT muntjac]
Translation: I tried to cook the muntjac.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay kan Apeng [dra a-uka e .c .(PIVOT) i Arasip andaman].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV]  Apeng [C AV.IRR-go e.c.(PIVOT) LOC Arasip tomorrow]
Translation: I forgot that Apeng will go to Arasip tomorrow.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan Siber [dra tr<em>a-trakaw e .c .(PIVOT) dra patraka].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT  Siber [C <AV>PROG-steal e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC meat]
Translation: I saw that Siber was stealing meat.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: t<em>alam=ku [m-uka/*a-uka i Balangaw].
Glosses: try<AV>=1SG.PIVOT [AV-go/*AV.IRR-go LOC Balangaw]
Translation: I tried to go/*will go to Balangaw.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: tu=talam-ay [d<em>eru/*d<em>a-deru na bitrenun].
Glosses: 3.GEN=try-LV[PV] [cook<AV>/*PROG<AV>cook DEF.PIVOT eggs]
Translation: He/she tried to cook/*be cooking eggs.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan/*i Sayki [dra tu=karatr-aw kanu=suwan e .c .(PIVOT)].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC/*SG.PIVOT Sayki [C 3.GEN=bite-PV 2SG.POSS.GEN=dog e.c.(PIVOT)]
Translation: I saw that your dog bit Sayki.
Language: Puyuma ( translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan/*i Sayki uninan .
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC/*SG.PIVOT Sayki today
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=aparu-ay na/*kana walak [dra tu=deru-aw e .c .(GEN) na bu’ir].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT/*DEF.GEN child [C 3.GEN=cook-PV e.c.(GEN) DEF.PIVOT taro]
Translation: I forgot that the child cooked the taro.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=aparu-ay na/*kana suwaksuk .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT/*DEF.GEN key
Translation: I forgot the key.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya i Siber kantaawi [dra tu=saletra’-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Isaw].
Glosses: AV-dream SG.PIVOT Siber 3 [C 3.GEN=slap-LV e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Isaw]
Translation: Siber dreamt that Isaw slapped him.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya i Siber [dra tu=saletra’-ay kan Isaw taytaawj].
Glosses: AV-dream SG.PIVOT Siber [C 3.GEN=slap-LV SG.GEN Isaw 3
Translation: Siber dreamt that Isaw slapped himself.’6
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Akang kantu=ngiyaw [dra tu=pakan-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Pilay].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Akang 3.POSS.ACC=cat [C 3.GEN=feed-LV[PV] e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Pilay]
Translation: Akang saw that Pilay fed her cat.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Akang [dra tu=pakan-ay kan Pilay tu=ngiyaw].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Akang [C 3.GEN=feed-LV[PV] SG.GEN Pilay 3.POSS.PIVOT=cat]
Translation: Akang saw that Pilay fed her cat.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku kan Sayki [dra tu=trakaw-aw nu=palidring e .c .(GEN)].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT DEF.ACC Sayki [C 3.GEN=steal-PV 2SG.POSS.PIVOT=car e.c.(GEN)]
Translation: I dreamt that Sayki stole your car.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kan nadru walak [dra p<en>ukpuk na sinsi e .c .(ACC)].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC that child [C <AV>beat DEF.PIVOT teacher e.c.(ACC)]
Translation: I know that the teacher beat the child.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku i Tripul [dra m-uka=yu e .c .(LOC)].8
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT LOC.ACC Tripul [C AV-go=2SG.PIVOT e.c.(LOC)]
Translation: I know that you have been to Tripul.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra sagar kanu a/na traw].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C like.AV 2SG.ACC INDF.PIVOT/DEF.PIVOT person]
Translation: I know that {someone/the person} likes you.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku *dra/✓kana traw [dra sagar e .c .(PIVOT) kanu].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC person [C like.AV e.c.(PIVOT) 2SG.ACC]
Translation: I know that {*someone/the person} likes you.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: kilengaw=ku [dra tr<em>akaw na walak {dra/kana paysu}].
Glosses: AV.hear=1SG.PIVOT [C <AV>steal DEF.PIVOT child {INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC money}]
Translation: I heard that the child stole {some money/the money}.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: kilengaw=ku *dra/✓kana paysu [dra tr<em>akaw na walak e .c .(ACC)].
Glosses: AV.hear=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC money [C <AV>steal DEF.PIVOT child e.c.(ACC)]
Translation: I heard that the child stole {*some money/the money}.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku dra babayan driya [dra sagar e .c .(PIVOT) dra aputr].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC woman all [C like.AV e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC flower]
Translation: I know that all women like flowers (while men do not necessarily like them.)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku dra bunga [dra mare-imalan e .c .(PIVOT) dra bu’ir].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT INDF.ACC yam [C COM.AV-delicious e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC taro]
Translation: I know that yam is more delicious than taro.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra nu=kilengaw [kana ngay [dra m<in>atray i Pilay]]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C 2SG.GEN=hear.AV [DEF.ACC rumor [C AV<PRF>die SG.PIVOT Pilay]]]
Translation: I know that you heard the rumor that Pilay passed away.’ (non-raising)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kan Pilay [dra nu=kilengaw [kana ngay [dra m<in>atray ec .(PIVOT)]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Pilay [C 2SG.GEN=hear.AV [DEF.ACC rumor [C AV<PRF>die ec.(PIVOT)]]
Translation: I know that you heard the rumor that Pilay passed away.’ (RTO)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: imanay nu=k<in>aladram [na m<in>atray]?
Glosses: who 2SG.GEN=<PRF.PV>know [LK AV<PRF>die]
Translation: Who is the person that you knew passed away?
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: *imanay nu=k<in>aladram [na ngay [na m<in>atray]]?
Glosses: who 2SG.GEN=<PRF.PV>know [DEF.PIVOT rumor [LK AV<PRF>die]]
Translation: (intended: ‘Who is the person that you knew about the rumor that passed away?’)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku [dra m-uka=yu i Tripul [anu kualeng i Isaw]].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT [C AV-go=2SG.PIVOT LOC Tripul [because AV.sick SG.PIVOT Isaw]]
Translation: I dreamt that you went to Tripul because Isaw is sick.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku kan Isaw [dra m-uka=yu i Tripul [anu kualeng ec .(PIVOT)]].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Isaw [C AV-go=2SG.PIVOT LOC Tripul [because AV.sick ec.(PIVOT)]]
Translation: I dreamt that you went to Tripul because Isaw is sick.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: *imanay nu=k<in>aladram [na ma-trangis i Isaw anu m<in>atray]]?
Glosses: who 2SG.GEN=<PRF.PV>know [LK AV-cry SG.PIVOT Isaw because AV<PRF>die]]
Translation: Who is the person that you knew that Isaw cried because (he/she) passed away?
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku [dra tu=garutr-aw kana bulraybulrayan driya tu=arepu].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT [C 3.GEN=comb-PV DEF.ACC girl every 3.POSS=hair]
Translation: I saw that every girl was combing her hair.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kantu=arepu [dra tu=garutr-aw kana bulraybulrayan driya].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT 3.POSS=hair [C 3.GEN=comb-PV DEF.ACC girl every]
Translation: I saw that every girl was combing her hair.’ (distributed reading not available)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya=ku [dra tu=karatr-aw kana suwan driya tu=ikur].
Glosses: AV-dream=1SG.PIVOT [C 3.GEN=bite-PV DEF.ACC dog every 3.POSS=tail]
Translation: I dreamt that every dog was biting its (own) tail.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-na’u=ku kantu=ikur [dra tu=karatr-aw kana suwan driya].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT 3.POSS=tail [C 3.GEN=bite-PV DEF.ACC dog every]
Translation: I saw that every dog was biting its tail.’ (distributed reading not available)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: n-kosiciy-a [eli psi=te wen kselm-iht wikuwoss-ol].
Glosses: 1-know.TA.DIR [C all=EMPH someone love-3CON.INF 3.mother-OBV]
Translation: I know that everyone is loved by his mother.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: n-kosiciy-a wikuwoss [eli psi=te wen kselm-iht <t>].
Glosses: 1-know.TA-DIR 3.mother [C all=EMPH someone love-3CONJINV <t>]
Translation: I know that everyone is loved by his mother.’ (distributed reading available)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: kilengaw=ku amariami [dra piwalak i Pilay].
Glosses: hear.AV=1SG.PIVOT last.year [C give.birth.AV SG.PIVOT Pilay]
Translation: I heard that Pilay had a baby last year.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku i Taypek [dra m-uka i Atrung].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT  Taipei [C AV-go SG.PIVOT Atrung]
Translation: I know that Atrung has been to Taipei.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku dra aputr [dra mara-padrangal na pulrikudrakudran].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT  flower [C AV.SUPER-expensive DEF.PIVOT chrysanthemum]
Translation: I know about flowers that chrysanthemums are the most expensive.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kanadra na sakaputan [dra mara-inabanaba dra tranguru i Siber].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT   class [C AV.SUPER-best INDF.ACC head SG.PIVOT Siber]
Translation: I know about this class that Siber is the smartest (lit. Siber’s head is the best)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [dra kuraw [dra mara-imaran na {etruk/#pangudral}].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [INDF.ACC fish [C AV.SUPER-delicious DEF.PIVOT {carp/#mango}]
Translation: I know about fish that {carp/#mango} is the most delicious.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: #ma-ladram=ku [kan Sayki [dra tr<em>ima i Siber dra palidring]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [SG.ACC Sayki [C <AV>buy SG.PIVOT Siber INDF.ACC car]]
Translation: (intended: ‘I know about Sayki that Siber bought a car’).
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [kan Atrung [dra s<em>enay i Senten kay i Labu kantu=ruma’]].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [SG.ACC Atrung [C <AV>sing SG.PIVOT Senten and SG.PIVOT Labu 3.POSS.OBL=house.(LOC)]]
Translation: I know about Atrung that Senten and Labu sang in her house.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: s<em>enay i Senten kay i Labu kantu=ruma’.
Glosses: <AV>sing SG.PIVOT Senten and SG.PIVOT Labu 3.POSS.OBL=house.(LOC)
Translation: Senten and Labu sang in her/their house.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u=ku kan Labu (*adaman) [dra tr<em>ima e .c .(PIVOT) dra patraka].
Glosses: AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Labu (*yesterday) [C <AV>buy e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC meat]
Translation: Yesterday I saw that Labu bought some meat.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=rengarengay-aw i Labu (✓adaman) [dra tra-trima-an dra palidring].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=persuade-PV SG.PIVOT Labu (✓yesterday) [C RED-buy-SUBJ INDF.ACC car]
Translation: Yesterday I persuaded Labu to buy a car.
Language: Madurese (English translation)
Transcription: Siti ngera Ina (✓bari’) [ja’ aba’eng mangkat dha’ Jakarta are Kemmes].
Glosses: Siti AV.think Ina (✓yesterday) [C she leave to Jakarta day Wednesday]
Translation: Siti thought yesterday that Ina left for Jakarta on Wednesday.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay na/*kana suwaksuk .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT/*DEF.ACC key
Translation: I forgot the key.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=beray-ay na walak kana/*na paysu .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=give-LV[PV] DEF.PIVOT child DEF.ACC/*DEF.PIVOT money
Translation: I gave the child the money.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=beray-anay kana/*na walak na paysu .
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=give-CV DEF.ACC/DEF.PIVOT child DEF.PIVOT money
Translation: I gave the child the money.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: amanay (na) [nu=k<in>a-abalru-an]?13
Glosses: what (LK) [2SG.GEN=<PRF>STAT.forget-LV[PV].NMZ]
Translation: What is the thing that you forgot?
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: *amanay (na) [abalru=yu]?
Glosses: what (LK) [forget.AV=2SG.PIVOT]
Translation: (‘What is the thing that you forgot?’)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay [dra d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir i Atrung].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] [C <AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro SG.PIVOT Atrung]
Translation: I forgot that Atrung is cooking taro.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: imanay (na) [nu=k<in>a-abalru-an (na) [d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir]]?
Glosses: who (LK) [2SG.GEN=<PRF>STAT-forget-LV[PV].NMZ (LK) [<AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro]]
Translation: Who was the one that you forgot is cooking taro?
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: *imanay (na) [abalru=yu (na) [d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir]]?
Glosses: who (LK) [AV.(NMZ).forget=2SG.PIVOT (LK) [<AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro]]
Translation: (‘Who was the one that you forget is cooking taro?’)
Language: Tagalog (English translation)
Transcription: sino ang [naka-limut-an=mo na [nag-lu-luto ng adobo]]?
Glosses: who LK [PRF.STAT-forget-LV[PV]=2SG.GEN LK [AV.PRF-RED-cook INDF.ACC adobo]]
Translation: Who was the one that you forgot is cooking adobo?
Language: Tagalog (English translation)
Transcription: *sino ang [nag-limut=ka na [nag-lu-luto ng adobo]]?
Glosses: who LK [AV.PRF-forget=2SG.PIVOT LK [AV.PRF-RED-cook INDF.ACC adobo]]
Translation: (‘Who was the one that you forgot is cooking adobo?’)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=abalru-ay i Atrung [dra d<em>a-deru dra bu’ir].
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=forget-LV[PV] SG.PIVOT Atrung [C <AV>RED-cook INDF.ACC taro]
Translation: I forgot that Atrung is cooking taro.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: amanay (na~n) [nu=k<in>a-aparu-an [i Kalingkui (na) [tu=tr<in>ima-an]]?
Glosses: what (LK) [2SG.GEN=STAT<PRF>-forget-LV[PV] [ Kalingkui (LK) [3.GEN=PRF-buy-LV[PV]]]
Translation: What was the thing you forgot that he/she bought in Kalingku?
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya i Labu [dra m-uka i Kalingku tayta’aw].
Glosses: AV-dream  Labu [C AV-go LOC Kalingku ]
Translation: Labu dreamt that herself went to Kalingku.’ (long-distance reflexivization)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram na taynaynayan driya [dra a-uka tu i Arasip].
Glosses: AV-know  mothers every [C AV.IRR-go 3.=child LOC Arasip]
Translation: Every mother knows that her child will go to Arasip.’ (✓bound variable reading)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: me-na’u i Akang [kantu=ngiyaw [dra tu=pakan-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Pilay]].
Glosses: AV-see SG.PIVOT Akang [3.POSS.ACC=cat [C 3.GEN=feed-LV[PV] e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Pilay]
Translation: Akang saw that Pilay fed her cat.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya i Siber [kantaaw [dra tu=saletra’-ay e .c .(PIVOT) kan Isaw]].
Glosses: AV-dream SG.PIVOT Siber [3SG.ACC.REFL [C 3.GEN=slap-LV e.c.(PIVOT) SG.GEN Isaw]]
Translation: Siber dreamt that Isaw slapped him.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: adri sagar i Pilay dra/kana walak .
Glosses: NEG like.AV SG.PIVOT Pilay INDF.ACC/DEF.ACC children
Translation: Pilay dislikes {children/the children}.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: {na/*a walak} i adri sagar i Pilay e .c .(ACC).
Glosses: {DEF.PIVOT/*INDF.PIVOT children} PART NEG like.AV SG.PIVOT Pilay e.c.(ACC)
Translation: The children/*children, Pilay dislikes.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: a babayan driya i sagar tr<em>ima e .c .(PIVOT) dra kiping .
Glosses: INDF.PIVOT woman all PART like.AV <AV>buy e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC clothes
Translation: Women, (they) like to purchase clothes.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: a bunga i mare-imalan e .c .(PIVOT) dra bu’ir .
Glosses: INDF.PIVOT yam PART COM.AV-delicious e.c.(PIVOT) INDF.ACC taro
Translation: Yam, (it) is more delicious than taro.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: idri na danaw i adri=ku m-uka me-languy-a .
Glosses: that DEF.PIVOT pond PART NEG=1SG.PIVOT AV-go AV-swim-PROJ
Translation: That pond, I haven’t gone and swum (there).
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i Senten i me-na’u=ku kan Pilay kantu=ruma’.
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Senten PART AV-see=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Pilay 3.POSS.OBL=house.(LOC)
Translation: (As for) Senten, I saw Pilay in her house.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: a aputr i mara-padrangal na {pulrikudrakudran/*pangudral}.
Glosses: INF.PIVOT flower PART AV.SUPER-expensive DEF.PIVOT {chrysanthemum/*pineapple}
Translation: (As for) flowers, {chrysanthemums/*pineapples} are the most expensive.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i nanali i tu=deru-ay na bunga .
Glosses: SG.PIVOT 1SG.POSS.mother PART 3SG.GEN=cook-LV DEF.PIVOT yam
Translation: (As for) my mother, she cooked the yams.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i Sawagu i ma-ladram=ku [dra adri sagar e .c .(PIVOT) kanku].
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Sawagu PART AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [C NEG AV.like e.c.(PIVOT) 1SG.ACC]
Translation: (As for) Sawagu, I know that he dislikes me.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: na dawa i ku=pubini-ay na uma’ e .c .(ACC).
Glosses: DEF.PIVOT millet PART 1SG.GEN=sow-LV DEF.PIVOT field e.c.(ACC)
Translation: (As for) the millet, I sowed (it) in the field.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i Siber i kilengaw=ku [kana sinbu [dra tu=trima-aw na ruma’]].
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Siber PART hear.AV=1SG.PIVOT [DEF.ACC news [C 3.GEN=buy-PV DEF.PIVOT house]]
Translation: As for Siber, I heard the news that he bought the house.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: sagar na taynaynayan driya kantu=walak .
Glosses: like.AV DEF.PIVOT mothers every 3.POSS.ACC=child
Translation: Every mother loves her child.’ (bound variable reading is possible)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: tu=walak i sagar na taynaynayan driya .
Glosses: 3.POSS.PIVOT=child PART like.AV DEF.PIVOT mothers every
Translation: Her child, every mother loves.’ (no bound variable reading)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i/*kan Senten i tu=trakaw-aw na paysu .
Glosses: SG.PIVOT/*SG.ACC Senten PART 3.GEN=steal-PV DEF.PIVOT money
Translation: (As for) Senten, she stole the money.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku kan Atrung [dra sagar (??taytaw) dra asap].
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT SG.ACC Atrung [C like.AV (??3SG.PIVOT) INDF.ACC giant.hyssop]
Translation: I know that Atrung likes giant hyssop.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i Atrung sagar i (?? taytaw) dra asap .
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Atrung PART like.AV (?? 3SG.PIVOT) INDF.ACC giant.hyssop
Translation: Atrung, (she) likes giant hyssop.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: i Senten *(i) adri sagar kan Pilay .    [Hanging topic construction]
Glosses: SG.PIVOT Senten *(PART) NEG like.AV SG.ACC Pilay    
Translation: As for Senten, she dislikes Pilay.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-ladram=ku [ kan Senten (i) *(dra) adri sagar kan Pilay].  [RTO]
Glosses: AV-know=1SG.PIVOT [SG.ACC Senten (PART) C NEG like.AV SG.ACC Pilay]  
Translation: I know that Senten dislikes Pilay.
Language: Madurese (English translation)
Transcription: Hasan e-kera Siti bari’ [ja’ aba’engi melle motor].
Glosses: Hasan OV-think Siti yesterday [C he AV.buy car]
Translation: Hasan was thought by Siti yesterday to have bought a car.
Language: Sundanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ahmad nyarita-keun Hasan [yén paraji rék mariksa pamajikan manehna].
Glosses: Ahmad AV.talk-APPL Hasan [C midwife FUT AV.examine wife hei]
Translation: Ahmad talked about Hasan that the midwife will examine his wife.
Language: Tagalog (English translation)
Transcription: Inasah-an ni Linda siya [ng mahalik-an ng pangulo (pro)].
Glosses: expect-LV GEN Linda 3 [LK kiss-LV GEN principal (pro)]
Translation: Linda expected her to be kissed by the principal.
Language: Tagalog (English translation)
Transcription: inasahan=ko ang pambansang awit [na awit-in ni Linda e .c .(PIVOT)].
Glosses: LV-think=1SG.GEN  national anthem [LK sang-PV GEN Linda e.c.(PIVOT)]
Translation: I expected the national anthem to be sung by Linda.
Language: Tagalog (English translation)
Transcription: *inasahan=ko si Linda [na awit-in e .c .(GEN) ang pambansang awit].
Glosses: LV-think=1SG.GEN  Linda [LK sang-PV e.c.(GEN) PIVOT national anthem]
Translation: (intended: ‘I expected Linda to sing the national anthem.’)
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ma-tiya i Labu [dra m-uka i Kalingku taytaawi].
Glosses: AV-dream  Labu [C AV-go LOC Kalingku 3SG.REFL]
Translation: Labu dreamt that herself went to Kalingku.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: ku=pubini’-ay dra dawa i uma’.
Glosses: 1SG.GEN=sow-LV INDF.ACC millet LOC.(PIVOT) field
Translation: I sowed millet in the field.
Language: Puyuma (English translation)
Transcription: m-uka=ku i Kalingku adaman .
Glosses: AV-go=1SG.PIVOT LOC.(OBL) Kalingku yesterday
Translation: I went to Kalingku yesterday.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: *Non mangialo !
Glosses: NEG eat.IMP.2SG=it
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Mángel mia !
Glosses: eat.IMP.2SG=it NEG
Translation: Do not eat it!
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Movrat mia !
Glosses: move.INF=yourself NEG
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: No laóra adès !
Glosses: NEG work.IMP now
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dime sa che la magna la Maria .
Glosses: tell=me what that SCL= eats the Mary
Translation: Tell me what Mary is eating.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Sa (*che) fé ?
Glosses: what that do.2PL
Translation: What are you doing?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Cu c’ al vai là via ?
Glosses: who that SCL= cries over there
Translation: Who cries over there?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Cu c’ al mangia le patate ?
Glosses: who that SCL= eats the potatoes
Translation: Who is eating the potatoes?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Cu chi i no invita ?
Glosses: who that SCL= NEG invites
Translation: Who won’t they invite?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Cui aj o dismendead ?
Glosses: who have =SCL forgotten
Translation: Who have I forgotten?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Maria , che tu conosci anche te , è a Napoli .
Glosses: Mary that SCL= know.2SG also you is at Naples
Translation: Mary, who you too know, is in Naples.
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Che la compri , o un tu lla compri ?
Glosses: what it= buy.2SG or NEG SCL= it= buy.2SG
Translation: Are you going to buy it or not?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *La compri-tu ?
Glosses: it buy.2SG.SCL
Translation: Are you buying it?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Pëies’ a riësc vía ?
Glosses: leave.2SG PRT immediately
Translation: Are you leaving immediately?
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Nu t’acati mai de meie .
Glosses: NEG SCL=buy never of apples
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: Te’n crompesc mai de póm .
Glosses: SCL.NEG buy never of apples
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: T’an cumpar mai dal meili .
Glosses: SCL.NEG buy never of.the apples
Translation: You never buy apples.
Language: Unknown language ( translation)
Transcription: No stá parlare !
Glosses: NEG AUX.IMP talk.INF
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: *Stá parlare !
Glosses: AUX.IMP talk.INF
Translation: Talk!
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: J’ ai vu Jean qui courait à toute vitesse . (French)
Glosses: I have seen Jean qui ran at full speed 
Translation: I saw Jean running at full speed.’ (Cinque 1996)
Language: Bezhta (English translation)
Transcription: öždi waya sabali-ya-d m-ico-yo xöx-i-ł .
Glosses: boy.ERG cow(III).ABS rope-OBL.INST III-tie-PST tree-OBL.INTER
Translation: The boy tied the cow to the tree with the rope.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa syorui-o [pro yom-azuni] tozita .
Glosses: Taro-TOP document-ACC  read-without filed
Translation: Taro filed the document without reading it.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Hanako-ga pro mitsumeru koto]-wa Taroo-o nayamaseta .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM  staring at NL-TOP Taro-ACC bothered
Translation: Hanako’s staring at him bothered Taro.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Hazimete  atta hito]-ga Hanako-o kenasita no-wa dare-ni desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM Hanako-ACC criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw t for the first time criticized Hanako?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Hazimete  atta hito]-ga  kenasita no-wa dare-o desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw pg for the first time criticized t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Hazimete  atta hito]-ga dare-o kenasimasita ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM who criticized Q
Translation: Who did a person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa [dare-ga tabetagatta kara] udon-o tukurimasita ka ?
Glosses: Taro-TOP who want to eat because udon-ACC made Q
Translation: For which person x, Taro made udon because x wanted to eat?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Hazimete  au hito]-ga dare-o kenasimasu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  see person-NOM who criticize Q
Translation: Who do people who see pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa [dare-ga tukutta] udon-o tabemasita ka ?
Glosses: Taro-TOP who-NOM made udon-ACC ate Q
Translation: For which x, Taro ate udon such that x made it?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta hito]-ga t kenasita no desu ka ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticize NL COP Q
Translation: Who did a person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Masao-ga [[hazimete Hanako-ni atta hito]-ga dare-o kenasita ka] itta (koto)].
Glosses: Masao-NOM for the first time Hanako-DAT saw person-NOM who-ACC criticized Q said NL
Translation: (That) Masao told who the person that saw Hanako for the first time criticized t
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [Masao-ga [[hazimete Hanako-ni atta hito]-ga  kenasita] ka itta] (koto).
Glosses: who Masao-NOM for the first time Hanako-DAT saw person-NOM  criticized Q said NL
Translation: (That) Masao told who the person that saw Hanako for the first time criticized t
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ? Dare-o [Masao-ga [[hazimete  atta hito]-ga  kenasita] ka itta] (koto).
Glosses: who Masao-NOM for the first time  saw person-NOM  criticized Q said NL
Translation: Intended: ‘(That) Masao told who the person that saw pg for the first time criticized t.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dono koosiki-ga [ rikaise-zuni-wa]  tukai-nikui desu ka ?
Glosses: which equation  understanding-without-TOP  use-hard COP Q
Translation: Which equation is hard to use without understanding?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-ga [ iiyoru dansei-ni-yotte]  korosaremasita ka ?
Glosses: who  advancing man-DAT-by  be killed Q
Translation: Who was killed by a man advancing to her?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Hazimete  atta] hito-ga dare-o orokanimo  baka da to omotta no ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  met person-NOM who-ACC stupidly  fool COP COMP thought Q
Translation: Who did the person [who met pg for the first time] stupidly think t fool?
Language: Japanese ( translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta] hito-ga  orokanimo  baka da to omotta no ?
Glosses: who-ACC for-the-first-time  met person-NOM  stupidly  fool COP COMP thought Q
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription:  Hanako-ni [Taroo-ga  sagasu mae-ni] mitukatta no-wa dono gakusee-ga desu ka ?
Glosses:  Hanako-DAT Taro-NOM  look for before got found NL-TOP which student COP Q
Translation: Which student was it got found by Hanako before Taro looked for pg?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dono gakusee-ga Hanako-ni [Taroo-ga  sagasu mae-ni] mitukatta no ?
Glosses: which student Hanako-DAT Taro-NOM  look for before got found Q
Translation: Which student got found by Hanako before Taro looked for t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dono hon-o Masao-wa [Hanako-ga [ kaita hito]-ni au maeni]  yonda no ?
Glosses: which book Masao-TOP Hanako-NOM  wrote person-DAT see before  read Q
Translation: Which book did Masao read t before Hanako saw the person who wrote pg?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta hito-ga] t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [[Hanako-ga hazimete  atta toiu uwasa]-o kiita hito]-ga t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who Hanako-NOM for the first time  saw COMP rumor-ACC heard person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who heard the rumor that Hanako saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete Taro-ni atta hito-ga] t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time Taro saw person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw Taro for the first time criticize t?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [[Hanako-ga hazimete Taro-ni atta toiu uwasa]-wo kiita hito]-ga t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who Hanako-NOM for the first time Taro-DAT saw that rumor-ACC heard person-NOM  criticized Q
Translation: Who did the person who heard the rumor that Hanako saw Taro for the first time criticize t?
Language: Hungarian (English translation)
Transcription: *Milyan iratok vesztek el  [mielőtt elovastál volna ]?
Glosses: what papers got lost  away before you had read
Translation: What papers were lost before you had read?
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: mal’čik , *kotoromu/*kotogoro Maša davala den’gi  do togo , kak (ona) stala izbegat’ , …
Glosses: boy who.DAT/who.GEN Masha.NOM gave money  until  she started to-avoid 
Translation: the boy who Masha gave money to until she started to avoid him
Language: Russian (English translation)
Transcription: devuška , kotoroj Ivan daval den’gi  do togo kak (on) stal izbegat’ 
Glosses: girl who . (DAT/GEN) Ivan.NOM gave money  until  he started to-avoid 
Translation: the girl who Ivan gave money to until he started to avoid her
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [[Hazimete  atta] hito-ga  kenasita] no-wa dare-o desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw pg for the first time criticized t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[[Hazimete  atta] hito-ga  kenasita] no-wa dare-ni desu ka ?
Glosses: for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticized NL-TOP who COP Q
Translation: Who was it that a person who saw pg for the first time criticized t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ??Dare-ni Taro-ga t hazimete atte , Hanako-ga t kenasita no ?
Glosses: who-DAT Taro-NOM  for-the-first-time met Hanako-NOM  criticize Q
Translation: Who did Taro meet t and did Hanako criticize t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga [Mary-ga  miru mae-ni]  sutetesimatta no-wa zibun-no donna syasin-o desu ka ?
Glosses: John-NOM Mary-NOM  saw before  threw away NL-TOP self COP Q
Translation: [Which picture of self] was it that John threw t away before Mary saw pg?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ mita] subete-no hito-ga Mary-ga  kiniitteiru to itta no-wa zibun-no donna syasin-o desu ka ?
Glosses:  saw every-GEN person-NOM Mary-NOM  like COMP said NL-TOP self COP Q
Translation: [What picture of self] was it that everyone who saw pg said that Mary liked t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Taroo-ni  suteru yoo-ni meezita] hito-ga Hanako-ni  kisu-maaku-o tukete-oku yoo-ni meizita no-wa zibun-no donna syasin-ni desu ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-DAT  throw away  ordered person-NOM Hanako-DAT  lipstick mark-ACC put  ordered NL-TOP self COP Q
Translation: [What picture of self] was it that the person who ordered Taro to throw pg away ordered Hanako to put a lipstick mark on t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Taroo-ni  suteru yoo-ni meezita] hito-ga Hanako-ni  totte-oku yoo-ni meizita no-wa zibun-no donna syasin-o desu ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-DAT  throw away  ordered person-NOM Hanako-DAT  keep  ordered NL-TOP self COP Q
Translation: [What picture of self] was it that the person who ordered Taro to throw pg away ordered Hanako to keep t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-ga Mary-ga zibun-no syasin-o kiniitteiru to itta .
Glosses: Taro-NOM Mary-NOM self like COMP said
Translation: Taro said that Mary liked pictures of self.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ittai zibun-no dono syasin-o John-ga [Bill-ga pro/sore-o katta toki-ni] t nagameteita no ?
Glosses: the hell self-GEN which picture-ACC John-NOM Bill-NOM it bought when  was looking Q
Translation: Which pictures the hell of himself was John looking at t when Bill bought e?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Taroo-ni  hi-o tukete moyasu yoo-ni meezita] hito-ga Hanako-ni  syuredda-ni kaketeru yoo-ni meizita no-wa zibun-no donna syasin-o desu ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-DAT  fire-ACC put burn  ordered person-NOM Hanako-DAT  shredder-DAT put  ordered NL-TOPIC self COP Q
Translation: [What picture of self] was it that the person who ordered Taro to burn pg ordered Hanako to shred t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *Taroo-no dono syasin-o soitu-wa [Hanako-ga pg miru mae-ni] t utta no ?
Glosses: Taro-GEN which picture that guy-TOP Hanako-NOM  see before  sold Q
Translation: [Which picture of Taro] did that guy sell t before Hanako saw pg?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-no dono syasin-o Hanako-wa [soitu-ga pg miru mae-ni] t utta no ?
Glosses: Taro-GEN which picture Hanako-TOP that guy-NOM  see before  sold Q
Translation: [Which picture of Taro] did that Hanako sell t before that guy saw pg?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *Taroo-no dono syasin-o [pg mita sono gakusee]-wa Hanako-ga t kiniitta to itta no ?
Glosses: Taro-GEN which picture  saw that student-TOP Hanako-NOM  liked NL said Q
Translation: Which picture of Taro did that student who saw pg say that Hanako liked t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-no dono syasin-o [pg mita sono gakusee]-wa sono syonen-ga t kiniitta to itta no ?
Glosses: Taro-GEN which picture  saw that student-TOP that boy-NOM  liked NL said Q
Translation: Which picture of Taro did that student who saw pg say that that boy liked t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ kogitte-o moratta hito]-ga  genkin-mo moratta no-wa dare kara desu ka ?
Glosses:  check-ACC received person-NOM  cash-also received NL-TOP who from COP Q
Translation: From whom was it that the person who received checks pg received cash t as well?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Zissai  natta hito]-ga Taroo-ni  naru-yooni susumeta no-wa dorekurai hosoku desu ka ?
Glosses: actually  became person-NOM Taroo-DAT  become-to advised NL-TOP how slim COP Q
Translation: How slim was it that the person who actually became pg advised Taro to become t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Ano mondai-ni  tuketa hito]-ga tugini kono mondai-ni  tuke-yooto siteiru no-wa donna keri-o desu ka ?
Glosses: that issue-to  attached person-NOM next this issue-to  attach-to is trying NL-TOP what end COP Q
Translation: What end is it that the person who attached pg to that issue is trying to attach t to this issue next?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Kaigi-de  kooron-sita dansee]-ga ato-de hinan-sita no wa dare-o desu ka ?
Glosses: at meeting  quarrel men-NOM later criticized NL TOP who-ACC COP Q
Translation: Who was it that the person who had a quarrel with pg criticized t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Yoga kyooshitu-de  soodan-o uketa hito]-ga zyogen-mo moratta no wa dare kara desu ka ?
Glosses: yoga class-LOC  advice-ACC asked person-NOM suggestion-also received NL TOP who from COP Q
Translation: From whom was it that the person who was asked advice pg accept a suggestion t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Zimu-de  natta hito]-ga Taroo-ni naru-yooni susumeta no-wa dorekurai hosoku desu ka ?
Glosses: at gym  became person-NOM Taro-DAT become-to advised NL-TOP how slim COP Q
Translation: How slim was it that the person who became pg advised Taro to become t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *Hanako-wa kabe-o ao-ni nutta . Taro-wa isu-o pro/sore-ni nutta .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM wall-ACC blue painted Taro-TOP chair-ACC pro/it painted
Translation: Hanako painted the wall blue. Taro painted the chair pro/it.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga kabe-o t nutta no-wa naniiro-ni desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako-NOM wall-ACC  painted COMP-TOP what color COP Q
Translation: What color was it that Hanako painted t the wall?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Kabe-o  nutta hito]-ga isu-o  nutta no-wa naniiro-ni desu ka ?
Glosses: wall-ACC  painted person-NOM chair-ACC  painted COMP-TOP what color COP Q
Translation: *[What color] was it that the person who painted the wall pg painted the chair t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *Hanako-wa musuko-o Taro-to naduketa . Mari-mo musuko-o pro/sore-to naduketa .
Glosses: Hanako-TOP her son-ACC Taro named Mari-too her son-ACC pro/it named
Translation: Hanako named her son Taro. Mari named her son pro/it, too.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga musuko-o t naduketa no-wa nan-to desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako-NOM her son-ACC  named COMP-TOP what COP Q
Translation: What was it that Hanako named her son ?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Mari-ga  musuko-o nadukeru mae-ni] Hanako-ga musuko-o  naduketa no-wa nan-to desu ka ?
Glosses: Mari-NOM  her son-ACC named before Hanako-NOM her son-ACC  named COMP-TOP what COP Q
Translation: What was it that Hanako named her son t before Mari named her son t?
Language: Coyutla Totonac (English translation)
Transcription: *Hanako-wa kousite sono teiri-o syomeisita . Taro-wa kono teiri-o pro/soosite syomeisita .
Glosses: Hanako-NOM in this way that theorem-ACC proved Taro-NOM this theorem-ACC pro/in that way proved
Translation: Hanako proved that theorem this way. Taro proved this theorem pro/in that way.
Language: Coyutla Totonac (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga sono teiri-o t syoomeisita no-wa dooyatte desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako-NOM that theorem-ACC  proved COMP-TOP how COP Q
Translation: How was it that Hanako proved that theorem?
Language: Coyutla Totonac (English translation)
Transcription: *[Sono teiri-o  syoomeisita hito]-ga kono teiri-mo  syoomeisita no-wa dooyatte desu ka ?
Glosses: that theorem-ACC  proved person-NOM this theorem-too  proved COMP-TOP how COP Q
Translation: How was it that the person who proved that theorem pg proved this theorem t?
Language: Coyutla Totonac (English translation)
Transcription: *Syatyoo-ga Taro-o kousita riyuu-de kaiko sita . Syatyo-wa Hanako-mo pro/sore-de kaikosiyooto siteiru .
Glosses: president-NOM Taro-ACC these reason fired  president-TOP Hanako-too pro/for that reason trying to fire being
Translation: The president fired Taro for these reasons. He is trying to Hanako pro/for it, too.
Language: Coyutla Totonac (English translation)
Transcription: Syatyoo-ga Taro-o t kaikosita no-wa naze/dooyuu riyuu de desu ka ?
Glosses: president-NOM Taro-ACC  fired COMP-TOP why/what reason  COP Q
Translation: Why/For what reason was it that the president fired Taro t?
Language: Coyutla Totonac (English translation)
Transcription: *[Taro-o  kaikosita hito]-ga Hanako-mo  kaikosiyooto siteiru no-wa naze/dooyuu riyuu de desu ka ?
Glosses: Taro-ACC  fired person-NOM Hanako-too  is trying to fire COMP-TOP why/for what reason  COP Q
Translation: Why/For what reason is it that the person who fired Taro is trying to fire Hanako, too?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa [suugaku-o] [juku-de] benkyoo-site [kasikoku] natta .
Glosses: Taro-TOP math-ACC cram school-LOC studied and smart became
Translation: Taro studied math at cram school and became smart.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [Hanako kara [ sigoto-o yameru toyuu] uwasa-o kiita hito]-ga  atta no-wa dare-ni desu ka ?
Glosses: Hanako from  job-ACC quits COMP rumor-ACC heard person-NOM  saw NL-TOP who-DAT COP Q
Translation: Who was it that the person who heard from Hanako the rumor that pg would quit his job saw t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Sono teiri-o  syoomeisita hito]-ga kono teiri-mo t syoomeisita no-wa dooyatte desu ka ?
Glosses: that theorem-ACC  proved person-NOM this theorem-too  proved COMP-TOP how COP Q
Translation: How was it that the person who proved that theorem pg proved this theorem t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *[Taro-o  kaikosita hito]-ga Hanako-mo t kaikosiyooto siteiru no-wa naze/dooyuu riyuu de desu ka ?
Glosses: Taro-ACC  fired person-NOM Hanako-too  is trying to fire COMP-TOP why/for what reason  COP Q
Translation: Why/For what reason is it that the person who fired Taro pg is trying to fire Hanako t, too?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dorekurai hayaku Taroo-wa hasitta no ?
Glosses: how fast Taro-TOP ran Q
Translation: How fast did Taro run?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Donna keri-o Taro-wa sono mondai-ni tuketa no ?
Glosses: what kind of end-ACC Taro-TOP that problem-to attached Q
Translation: lit. What end did Taro attached to that problem?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: ?* [Soitu-no hahaoya]-ga dare-o aisiteru no ?
Glosses:  that guy-GEN mother-NOM who-ACC love Q
Translation: His mother loves who?
Language: Unknown language (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [soitu-no hahaoya]-ga aisiteru no ?
Glosses: who-ACC that guy-GEN mother-NOM love Q
Translation: Who his mother loves t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: *Dare-o [hazimete  atta] hito-ga [ John-ga  kenasita to] itteita no ?
Glosses: who-ACC for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  John-NOM  criticized COMP said Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw for the first time say that John had criticized?
Language: Japanese ( translation)
Transcription: [e] -wa[[ [hazimete pg atta] hito-ga dare-o kenasita no] desu] ka
Glosses:  TOP for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM who-ACC criticized NL COP Q
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o [hazimete  atta] hito-ga  kenasita no desu ka ?
Glosses: who for-the-first-time  saw person-NOM  criticize NL COP Q
Translation: Who did the person who saw pg for the first time criticize t?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription:  Taro-wa [dare-ga tukutta] udon-o tabemasita ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-TOP who made udon-ACC ate Q
Translation: For which person x, Taro ate udon such that x made?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription:  Taro-wa [dare-ga tabetagatta kara] udon-o tukurimasita ka ?
Glosses:  Taro-TOP who want to eat because udon-ACC made Q
Translation: For which person x, Taro made udon because x wanted to eat?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription:  [Dare-o izimeta hito ]-ga sikarareta no ?
Glosses:  who bullied person -NOM be scolded Q
Translation: For which person x, the person bullied x and was scolded?