lecslab/glosslm-corpus-split huggingface dataset:
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Eigo-o iti-jikan benkyoo-si-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM English one-hour study-do-PAST
Translation: Taro studied English for anhour'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga hon-o iti-jikan yon-da.
Glosses: Taro-NOM book-ACC one-hour read-PAST
Translation: Taro read a book for anhour'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga TV-o san-jikan mi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM TV-ACC three-hour watch-PAST
Translation: Taro watched TV for threehours'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga biiru-o iti-jikan non-da.
Glosses: Taro-NOM beer-ACC one-hour drink-PAST
Translation: Taro drank beer for anhour'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Warai-nagara, John-ga Tom-o korosi-ta.
Glosses: smile-while John-NOM Tom-ACC kill-PAST
Translation: While laughing, John killedTom'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hasiri-nagara, John-ga tegami-o yon-da.
Glosses: run-while John-NOM letter-ACC read-PAST
Translation: While running, John read aletter'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Warai-nagara, John-ga ana-ni oti-ta.
Glosses: laugh-while John-NOM hole-DAT fall-PAST
Translation: While laughing, John fell into ahole'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boston-de umare-nagara, Hanako-ni-wa eigo-ga hanas-e-nai.
Glosses: Boston-INSTR be.born-while Hanako-DAT-TOP English-NOM speak-can-NEG
Translation: Although born in Boston, Hanako cannot speakEnglish'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada-san-ga hon-o yuusoo-nasat-ta.
Glosses: Yamada-Mr.-NOM book-ACC mail-do:HON-PAST
Translation: Mr. Yamada mailed abook'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada-san-ga watasi-no kaisha-ni irasshat-ta.
Glosses: Yamada-Mr.-NOM I-GEN office-DAT come.over-PAST
Translation: Mr. Yamada came over to MYoffice'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada-san-ni-wa eigo-ga o-wakari-da.
Glosses: Yamada-Mr.-DAT-TOP English-NOM HON-understand-be
Translation: Mr. Yamada understandsEnglish'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamadai-san-ga Tanakaj-san-ni oi/*j-nagur-are-ni-nat-ta.
Glosses: Yamada-Mr.-NOM Tanaka-Mr.-DAT HON-hit-PASS-DAT-become-PAST
Translation: My. Yamada was hit by Mr.Tanaka'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-o but-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-ACC hit-PAST
Translation: Taro hitHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni/*o kaimono-ni iku-yoo meireisi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT/ACC shopping-DAT go-CMPL order-PAST
Translation: Taro ordered Hanako to goshopping'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-*ni/o kaimono-ni iku-yoo settokusi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT/ACC shopping-DAT go-CMPL persuade-PAST
Translation: Taro persuaded Hanako to goshopping'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sensei-ni choosensi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM teacher-DAT defy-PAST
Translation: Taro defied theteacher'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Sensei-ga Taroo-ni choosens-are-ta.
Glosses: teacher-NOM Taro-DAT defy-PASS-PAST
Translation: The teacher was defied byTaro'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni yorikakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT lean.on-PAST
Translation: Taro leaned onHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga Taroo-ni yorikakar-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM Taro-DAT lean.on-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was leaned on byTaro'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ku kongcang-i pwul-i na-ss-ta.
Glosses: the factory-NOM fire-NOM break.out-PAST-DEC
Translation: The factory is such that fire broke out (in it
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Haksayng-i ton-i philyoha-ta.
Glosses: student-NOM money-NOM need-DEC
Translation: Students needmoney'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Jiroo-ni okasi-o age-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Jiro-DAT cake-ACC give-PAST
Translation: Taro gave a cake toJiro'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Jiroo-ni sono uwasa-o kii-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Jiro-DAT that rumor-ACC hear-PAST
Translation: Taro heard that rumor fromJiro'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni but-are-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT hit-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro was hit byHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kadan-ni tanpopo-ga sai-tei-ta.
Glosses: flower.bed-DAT dandelion-NOM bloom-PROG-PAST
Translation: Dandelions were blooming in the flowerbed'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni kuruma-o kat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT car-ACC buy-PAST
Translation: Taro bought a car forHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga gan-ni taore-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM cancer-DAT die-PAST
Translation: Taro died fromcancer'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga kanemoti/binboo-ni umare-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM rich.man/poor-DAT be.born-PAST
Translation: Taro was bornrich/poor'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ja scitaju Sasu durakom.
Glosses: 1SG:NOM consider:PRES Sasha:ACC fool:INSTR
Translation: I consider Sasha afool'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga naihu-de sakana-o kit-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM knife-INSTR fish-ACC cut-PAST
Translation: Taro cut the fish with aknife'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga nuno-de tukue-o oot-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM cloth-INSTR desk-ACC cover-PAST
Translation: Taro covered the desk with acloth'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga mesi-o yasai-to/*de maze-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM rice-ACC vegetable-COM/INSTR mix-PAST
Translation: Taro mixed rice withvegetables'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-to/*de eiga-ni dekake-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-COM/INSTR movie-DAT go.out-PAST
Translation: Taro went to the movie withHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga gakusha-de at-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM scholar-INSTR exist-PAST
Translation: Taro was ascholar'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-o satujinhan-to/*de minasi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-ACC murderer-QOT/INSTR find-PAST
Translation: Taro found Hanako to be amurderer'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sono koinu-o Hanako-to/*de nazuke-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM that puppy-ACC Hanako-QOT/INSTR name-PAST
Translation: Taro named that puppyHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga hadaka-de odot-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM nude-INSTR dance-PAST
Translation: Taro dancednude'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sakana-o nama-de tabe-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM fish-ACC raw-INSTR eat-PAST
Translation: Taro ate fishraw'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga isha-toshite/*de hatarai-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM doctor-as/INSTR work-PAST
Translation: Hanako worked as adoctor'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga hayaku hashit-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM fast run-PAST
Translation: Taro ranfast'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hune-ga oki-de sizun-da.
Glosses: ship-NOM off.the.coast-INSTR sink-PAST
Translation: The ship sank off thecoast'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga Taroo-ni ker-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM Taro-DAT kick-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was kicked byTaro'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga Taroo-ni sakaraw-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM Taro-DAT disobey-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was disobeyed byTaro'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-o ket-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-ACC kick-PAST
Translation: Taro kickedHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni sakarat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT disobey-PAST
Translation: Taro disobeyedHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni okasi-o atae-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT cake-ACC give-PAST
Translation: Taro gave cakes toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ni eigo-ga wakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-DAT English-NOM understand-PAST
Translation: Taro understoodEnglish'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ni musume-ga i-ta.
Glosses: Taro-DAT daughter-NOM exist-PAST
Translation: Taro had adaughter'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ni kane-ga nakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-DAT money-NOM lack-PAST
Translation: Taro lackedmoney'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga eigo-ga wakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM English-NOM understand-PAST
Translation: Taro understoodEnglish'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musume-ga i-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM daughter-NOM exist-PAST
Translation: Taro had adaughter'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga kane-ga nakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM money-NOM lack-PAST
Translation: Taro lackedmoney'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Okasi-ga Hanako-ni ataer-are-ta.
Glosses: cake-NOM Hanako-DAT give-PASS-PAST
Translation: Cakes were given toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga okasi-o ataer-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM cake-ACC give-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was givencakes'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni okasi-o okut-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT cake-ACC send-PAST
Translation: Taro sent cakes toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Okasi-ga Hanako-ni okur-are-ta.
Glosses: cake-NOM Hanako-DAT send-PASS-PAST
Translation: Cakes were sent toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga okasi-o okur-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM cake-ACC send-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was sentcakes'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni okasi-o nage-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT cake-ACC throw-PAST
Translation: Taro threw cakes toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Okasi-ga Hanako-ni nager-are-ta.
Glosses: cake-NOM Hanako-DAT throw-PASS-PAST
Translation: Cakes were thrown toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga okasi-o nager-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM cake-ACC throw-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was throwncakes'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni okasi-o watashi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT cake-ACC hand-PAST
Translation: Taro handed cakes toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Okasi-ga Hanako-ni watas-are-ta.
Glosses: cake-NOM Hanako-DAT hand-PASS-PAST
Translation: Cakes were handed toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga okasi-o watas-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM cake-ACC hand-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was handedcakes'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni okasi-o simesi-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT cake-ACC show-PAST
Translation: Taro showed cakes toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Okasi-ga Hanako-ni simes-are-ta.
Glosses: cake-NOM Hanako-DAT show-PASS-PAST
Translation: Cakes were shown toHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga okasi-o simes-are-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM cake-ACC show-PASS-PAST
Translation: Hanako was showncakes'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga okasi-o ataer-are-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM cake-ACC give-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro was givencakes'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hanako-ga utukusii odori-o odot-ta.
Glosses: Hanako-NOM beautiful dance-ACC dance-PAST
Translation: Hanako danced a beautifuldance'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Utukusii odori-ga Hanako-niyotte odor-are-ta.
Glosses: beautiful dance-NOM Hanako-by.means.of dance-PASS-PAST
Translation: A beautiful dance was danced byHanako'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga jibun-wa byooki-da-to it/kii-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM self-TOP sick-be-CMPL say/hear-PAST
Translation: Taro said/heard that he wassick'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga jibun-wa byooki-da-to wakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM self-TOP sick-be-CMPL realize-PAST
Translation: Taro realized that he wassick'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga byooki/yoogisha dat-ta-to wakat-ta. Taroo-ga byooki/yoogisha-to wakat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM sick/suspect be-PAST-CMPL turn.out-PAST Taro-NOM sick/suspect-CMPL turn.out-PAST
Translation: Taro turned out to be sick/asuspect'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga yoogisha-ni/to/*yoogisha-da-to nat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM suspect-DAT/COM/suspect-be-CMPL become-PAST
Translation: Taro became asuspect'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga kooen-de/*ni ason-dei-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM park-INSTR/DAT play-PROG-PAST
Translation: Taro was playing in the park.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Tarop-ga kooen-ni/*de i-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM park-DAT/INSTR stay-PAST
Translation: Taro stayed in thepark'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ni wain-ga nom-e-ru. Taroo-ga wain-o nom-e-ru.
Glosses: Taro-DAT wine-NOM drink-can-PRES Taro-NOM wine-ACC drink-can-PRES
Translation: Taro can drinkwine'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-o hasir/aruk-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-ACC run/walk-CAUS-PAST
Translation: Taro made Hanakorun/walk'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni hasir/aruk-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM Hanako-DAT run/walk-CAUS-PAST
Translation: Taro let Hanakorun/walk'.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Takashi o nagutte] [[[Satoru o ketobashita] to Reiko ga omotteiru] to Sachiko ga shinjiteiru] otoko
Glosses: Takashi ACC hit Satoru ACC kicked COMP Reiko NOM think COMP Sachiko NOM believe man
Translation: the man who hit Takashi and Sachiko believes Reiko thinks kicked Satoru
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Takashi ga nagutte] [Reiko ga [Satoru ga ketobashita] to utagatteiru] otoko
Glosses: Takashi NOM hit Reiko NOM Satoru NOM kicked COMP doubt man
Translation: the man who Takashi hit and Reiko doubts that Satoru kicked
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Takashi ga nagutte] [[[Satoru o ketobashita] to Reiko ga omotteiru] to Sachiko ga shinjiteiru] otoko
Glosses: Takashi NOM hit Satoru ACC kicked COMP Reiko NOM think COMP Sachiko NOM believe man
Translation: the man who Takashi hit and Sachiko believes Reiko thinks kicked Satoru
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ Takashi o nagutte] [Reiko ga [Satoru ga ketobashita] to utagatteiru] otoko
Glosses: Takashi ACC hit Reiko NOM Satoru NOM kicked COMP doubt man
Translation: the man who hit Takashi and Reiko doubts that Satoru kicked.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ken-ga Naomi-o , Erika-ga Sara-o tazuneta
Glosses: K-NOM N-ACC E-NOM S-ACC visit-PAST.CONCL
Translation: Ken visited Naomi, and Erika, Sara.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Gakusei-ga 3-nin kita
Glosses: student-NOM 3-CL came
Translation: Three students came.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Gakusei-ga hon-o 4-satu katta
Glosses: students-NOM book-ACC 4-CL came
Translation: The students bought four books.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga [Mary-ga eego-ga yoku dekiru to] omoikondeita
Glosses: John NOM Mary NOM English NOM well can that believed-falsely
Translation: John believed (falsely) that Mary can speak English well
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-ga Hanako-o orokanimo [ baka da to] omotta
Glosses: Taro NOM Hanako ACC stupidly fool is that thought
Translation: Taro stupidly thought that Hanako was a fool
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-ga orokanimo [ dare-o baka da to mo] omowanakatta
Glosses: Taro NOM stupidly who ACC fool is that MO didn't-think
Translation: Taro didn't think stupidly that anyone was a fool
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga [mada Mary-ga kodomo-ni amaku] kanjita
Glosses: John NOM still Mary NOM children DAT lenient felt
Translation: Mary seems to John to be still lenient to children
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga [yosooijooni nihonjin-ga eego-ga hidoku] kanjita
Glosses: John NOM than-expected Japanese NOM English NOM bad felt
Translation: It seemed to John that the Japanese are worse at speaking English than he had expected
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: a. *Taroo-wa Hanako-ga nani-o katta ka dooka tazuneta no
Glosses: Taroo TOP Hanako NOM what ACC bought whether asked Q
Translation: What did Taroo ask [whether Hanako bought]?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: b. Taroo-wa Hanako-ga kuruma-o katta ka dooka z--dare-ni tazuneta no?
Glosses: :Taroo TOP Hanako NOM car ACC bought whether who DAT asked Q
Translation: Who did Taroo ask [whether Hanako bought a car]?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: c. Taroo-wa Hanako-ga nani-o katta ka dooka z--dare-ni tazuneta no?
Glosses: :Taroo TOP Hanako NOM what ACC bought whether who DAT asked Q
Translation: Who did Taroo ask whether Hanako bought what?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Watashi-wa dono otokonoko-ni-mo hoshigatteita subete-no hon-o ageta ga, dare-ni nani-o ka wasureta.
Glosses: I TOP every boy DAT wanted every book gave but who DAT what ACC Q forgot
Translation: I gave every boy all the books he wanted, but I've forgotten who what
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dareka-ga kita to kiita kedo, dare (ga) ka wakaranai
Glosses: someone NOM came that heard but who NOM Q know-NEG
Translation: I heard that someone came, but I don't know who
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dareka-ga nanika-o katta to kiita kedo, dare *(ga) nani *(o) ka wakaranai
Glosses: someone NOM something ACC bought that heard but who NOM what ACC Q know-NEG
Translation: I know that somebody bought something, but I don't know who what
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga nihongo-ga wakaranai
Glosses: John NOM Japanese NOM understand-NEG
Translation: John doesn't know Japanese
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: onna no ie
Glosses: woman GEN house
Translation: the woman's house
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ano onna
Glosses: that woman
Translation: that woman
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: utukusii onna
Glosses: beautiful woman
Translation: the beautiful woman
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ano [ heya ni suwar-u ] onna
Glosses: that room DAT sit-NONPAST woman
Translation: that woman sitting in the room
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ano onna wa heya ni suwar-te i-ru
Glosses: that woman TOP room DAT sit-INF be-NONPAST
Translation: That woman is sitting in the room.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-ga kimasu-ka?
Glosses: who-Nom come-Q
Translation: Who's coming?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-mo-ga nani-ka-o tabe-te-iru.
Glosses: who-MO-Nom what-KA-Acc eating-be
Translation: Everyone is eating something.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-ka-kara henna tegami-ga todoi-ta.
Glosses: who-KA-from strange letter-Nom arrived
Translation: A strange letter arrived from somebody.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kare kanojo onnanoko ageta
Glosses: he she child gave
Translation: He gave her the child.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ko-*(no) hito
Glosses: this person
Translation: this person
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: do-*(no) hito
Glosses: which person
Translation: which person
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: san-satu *(no) hon
Glosses: three-CL book
Translation: three books
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ko-no tikagoro ki-ta (*no)hito
Glosses: this recently came person
Translation: the person who recently came.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: sekai o odorokasu enzetu
Glosses: world Obj astonish speech
Translation: the speech that surprises the world
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga kabin-o wat-ta.
Glosses: NOM vase-ACC bre ak-PAST
Translation: Taro broke the vase.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga kabin-o ware-sase- ta.
Glosses: NOM vase-ACC break-CAUS-PAST
Translation: Taro made the vase break.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ziroo-ga hasit-ta.
Glosses: NOM run-PAST
Translation: Jiro ran.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Ziroo-ni/o hasira-se-ta.
Glosses: NOM DAT/ACC run-CAUS-PAST
Translation: Taro had/made Jiro run.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Ziroo-ni kabin-o wara-se- ta.
Glosses: NOM DAT vase-ACC break-CAUS-PAST
Translation: Taro made Jiro break the vase.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hahaoya-ga kodomo-o asoba-se- te i-ru.
Glosses: mother-NOM child-ACC play-CAUS-CONJ be-PRES
Translation: Mother is making the child play.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hahaoya-ga kodomo-ni osikko-o sa-se- te i-ru.
Glosses: mother-NOM child-DAT pee-ACC do-CAUS-CONJ be-PRES
Translation: Mother is making the child pee.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Hahaoya-ga kodomo-ni hon-o yoma-se-te i-ru.
Glosses: mother-NOM child-DAT book-ACC read-CAUS-CONJ be-PRES
Translation: Mother is making the child read a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Soitui-no hahaoya-ga darei-o aisiteiru no?
Glosses: guy-GEN mother-NOM who-ACC loves Q
Translation: Who does his mother love?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Darei-o soitui-no hahaoya-ga aisiteiru no?
Glosses: who-ACC guy-GEN mother-NOM loves Q
Translation: Who does his mother love?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: sute-ta
Glosses: discard-PERF
Translation: John threw out his letters, and Mary did (throw out) too
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Darei-o soitui-no hahaoya-ga Hanako-ga aisiteiru to omotteru no?
Glosses: who-ACC guy-GEN mother-NOM Hanako-NOM loves COMP think Q
Translation: Who does his mother think that Hanako loves?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Soitu-no hahaoya-ga Taroo-o sikat-ta
Glosses: guy-GEN mother-NOM Taro-ACC scold-PAST
Translation: The guy'si mother scolded Taroi.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: [ek proi hitome mi-ta] hitok-ga darei-o sukini natta-no?
Glosses: first.glace look.at-PAST person-NOM who-ACC fell.in.love-Q
Translation: Whoi did a person s/hei saw at first glance fall in love with?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Zibunzisin-o Hanako-ga t hihansita (koto)
Glosses: self-ACC Hanako-NOM criticized fact
Translation: Herself, Hanako criticized.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga dare-o nagut-ta no?/ Dare-o John-ga nagutta no?
Glosses: John-NOM who-ACC hit-past Q/ who-ACC John-NOM hit-past Q
Translation: Who did John hit?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Jon wa sensei ni o-tasuke-rare ni nat-ta
Glosses: John T O P I C teacher by H O N O R I FI C-help-PA S S I V E C O P U L A b eco m e-PA S T
Translation: John was saved by the teacher.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo ga hon o yonda
Glosses: Taro SUBJ book OBJ read
Translation: Taro read a book
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Ziroo-o/ni zibun-no heya-de benkyoo-sase-ta
Glosses: Tarooi-NOM Zirooj-ACC REFLi/j-GEN room-IN study-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taroo made Ziroo study in his own room
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ziroo-ga Mitiko-ni kodomo-o home-sase-ta
Glosses: Ziroo-NOM Mitiko-DAT child-ACC praise-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Ziroo made Mitiko praise the child
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Mitiko-ga Ziroo-ni kodomo-o home-sase-rare-ta
Glosses: Mitiko-NOM Ziroo-DAT child-ACC praise-CAUSE-PASS-PAST
Translation: Mitiko was made to praise the child by Ziroo
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Ziroo-o zibun-no heya-no mae-de tome-ta
Glosses: Tarooi-NOM Zirooj-ACC REFLi/*j room-GEN front-AT stop-PAST
Translation: Taroo stopped Ziroo in front of his room
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Sakuban-wa oki-te.i-rare-nakat-ta-n-desu-ka ?
Glosses: last night-TOP wake.up-STAT-MOD-NEG-PST-PRT-PRED-Q
Translation: Weren't (you) able to stay awake last night ?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon-wa tomodati-ni a-e-ta-soo-yo.
Glosses: John-TOP her friend-DAT meet-can-PST-EVID-PRT(IF)
Translation: (I hear that) John could meet her friend.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon wa tomodati ni a-e- ta soo yo.
Glosses: TOP DAT meet-can-PST-EVID-PRT(IF)
Translation: (I heard that) Joan could meet her friend.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon wa ban-gohan o tabe-{nai-de/ *naku-te} iru.
Glosses: TOP dinner ACC eat NEG-TE be-NPST
Translation: Joan hasn't eaten dinner.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: kodomo ga yasai o tabe-{nai-de/naku-te} komaru.
Glosses: child NOM vegetable ACC eat NEG-TE be-in-trouble-NPST
Translation: (I)'m in trouble because (my) child doesn't eat vegetables.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon wa tookyo de miki ni at-ta to it-ta
Glosses: TOP LOC DAT meet-PST CMPL say-PST
Translation: Joan said that (she) met Miki in Tokyo.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon wa tomodati ga ki-ta node yorokon-da
Glosses: TOP friend NOM come-PST because get delighted-PST
Translation: Joan was delighted because (her) friend came (to her house).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: konban uti de paa[t]ii ga arimas-u ga, irassyaimase-n-ka
Glosses: tonight house LOC party NOM be(POL)-NPST CONJ come(POL)-NEG-NPST-Q
Translation: There is a party at my home tonight, and won't you come ?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: hayaku sigoto o sumase-te uti ni kaeri-nasai.
Glosses: quickly work ACC finish-TE home LOC return-IMP
Translation: Finish (your) work quickly, and go home!
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ame-ga hure-be siai-wa tyuusi-dat-ta
Glosses: rain-NOM fall-BA game-TOP suspended-PRED-PST
Translation: If it has rained, the game would have been suspended.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon wa repooto o yoma-zu ni kaigi ni ki-ta
Glosses: TOP report ACC read-NEG CMPL meeting LOC come-PST
Translation: Joan came to the meeting without reading the reports.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon wa hon o kari ni tosyokan ni ika-nakat-ta
Glosses: TOP book ACC borrow CMPL library LOC go-NEG-PST
Translation: Joan didn't go the library to borrow some books.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: zyoon ga hen na hon o yonde simatta
Glosses: NOM obscene book ACC read-TE put-PST
Translation: Joan has read an obscene book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (zyoon ga) soto ni kuruma o tomete ar-u.
Glosses: NOM outside LOC car ACC stop-TE be-NPST
Translation: (Joan) has parked the car outside.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boku wa Mary ga suki desu.
Glosses: I fond.of am
Translation: I like Mary.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: ken wa [dare ga motteki-ta]REL hon]-o karimas-ita-ka
Glosses: Ken TOP who SUB bring-PST book-OBJ borrow-PST-Q
Translation: Who did Ken borrow the book which __ brought ?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kodomo-ga [kono kagi]-de 2-ri doa-o aketa
Glosses: child-NOM this key-by 2-cl door-ACC opened
Translation: Two children opened the door with this key.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Doa-ga [kono kagi]-de 2-tu aita.
Glosses: door-NOM this key-by 2-cl opened
Translation: Two doors opened with this key.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa nani-o kaimasita ka?
Glosses: Taroo TOP what ACC bought Q
Translation: What did Taroo buy?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: È Hanako-ga sono hon-o yonda to Taroo-ga t È itta (koto).
Glosses: H.-Nom that book-Acc read Comp T.-Nom said (fact)
Translation: That Hanako read that book, Taroo said.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: È Hanako-ga t½ yonda to sono hon-o ½ Taroo-ga t È itta (koto).
Glosses: H.-Nom read Comp that book-Acc T.-Nom said (fact)
Translation: That Hanako read t½ , that book½ , Taroo said.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: È t½ Baka da to John-ga Bill-o ½ t È omotteiru.
Glosses: fool is Comp J.-Nom B.-Acc think
Translation: As a fool, John thinks of Bill.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: È PRO gakkoo-ni iku yoo-ni John-ga Bill-ni t È meizi-ta.
Glosses: school-to go in.order.to J.-Nom B.-Dat ordered
Translation: To go to school, John ordered Bill.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sono-seejika-no kao-o (orokanimo) hiroi to omotta.
Glosses: wide Comp thought T.-Nom that-politician-Gen face-Acc (stupidly)
Translation: Taroo (stupidly) thought that that politician was well-known.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Otagai-no sensei-ga karera-o bakada to omotteiru.
Glosses: each.other-Gen teacher-Nom them-Acc fool Comp think.Prog
Translation: Each other½ 's teachers think of them½ as fools.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Karera-o otagai-no sensei-ga bakada to omotteiru.
Glosses: them-Acc each.other-Gen teacher-Nom fool Comp think.Prog
Translation: Them½ , each other½ 's teachers think of as fools.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Otagai-no sensei-ga Taro-to Hanako-o baka da to omotteiru.
Glosses: each.other-Gen teacher-Nom T.-and H.-Acc fool be Comp think.Prog
Translation: Each other½ 's teachers think of Taroo and Hanako½ as fools.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-to Hanako-o otagai-no sensei-ga baka da to omotteiru.
Glosses: T.-and H.-Acc each.other-Gen teacher-Nom fool be Comp think.Prog
Translation: Taroo and Hanako½ , each other½ 's teachers think of as fools.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Daremo-o soitu-no hahaoya ka soitu-no titioya-ga baka da to omotte ita.
Glosses: everyone-Acc his-Gen mother or his-Gen father-Nom fool be Comp thinking was
Translation: Everyone½ , his½ mother or his½ father thought was a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: t½ Baka da to John-ga Bill-o ½ t omotteiru.
Glosses: fool is Comp J.-Nom B.-Acc think
Translation: As a fool, John thinks of Bill.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-to Hanako-o otagai-no sensei-ga furansugo-o hans-eru to
Glosses: thinking was
Translation: Taroo and Hanako, each other's teachers think can speak French.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Furansugo-o hans-eru to Taroo-to Hanako-o otagai-no sensei-ga t
Glosses: thinking was
Translation: Taroo and Hanako, each other's teachers think can speak French.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Daremo-o soitu-no hahaoya-ga baka da to omotte ita.
Glosses: everyone-Acc his-Gen mother-Nom fool be Comp thinking was
Translation: Everyone½ , his½ mother thought was a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Baka da to daremo-o soitu-no hahaoya-ga t È omotte ita.
Glosses: fool be Comp everyone-Acc his-Gen mother-Nom thinking was
Translation: Everyone½ , his½ mother thought was a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada wa Tanaka½ o kare½ ga baka da to omotte ita.
Glosses: Y.Top T.Acc he Nom fool is that thinking was
Translation: Yamada thought of Tanaka that he was a fool.' Raising
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada wa Tanaka½ ni kare½ ga sore o suru koto o meizita.
Glosses: Y.Top T.Dat he Nom it Acc do that ordered
Translation: Yamada ordered Tanaka that he do it.' Control
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada-wa Tanaka½-o kare½-ga baka da to omotte ita.
Glosses: Y.-Top T.-Acc he-Nom fool is that thinking was
Translation: Yamada thought of Tanaka that he was a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-to Hanako-o otagai-no sensei-ga karera-ga bakada to omotteiru.
Glosses: T.-and H.-Acc each.other-Gen teacher-Nom they-Nom fool Comp think.Prog
Translation: Taroo and Hanako½ , each other½ 's teachers think of them as fools.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Tanaka½-o Yamada-wa kare½-ga baka da to omotte ita.
Glosses: T.-Acc Y.-Top he-Nom fool is that thinking was
Translation: Yamada thought of Tanaka that he was a fool.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-to dare-o otagai-no sensei-ga baka da to omotte-iru-no?
Glosses: who-and who-Acc each.other-Gen teacher-Nom fool is C thinking-is-Q
Translation: Who all½ do each other½ 's teachers think of as fools?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o soitu-no okaasan-ga baka da to omotte-iru-no?
Glosses: who-Acc he-Gen mother-Nom fool is C thinking-is-Q
Translation: Who½ does his½ mother think of as a fool?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o soitu-no okaasan-ga soitu-ga baka da to omotte-iru-no?
Glosses: who-Acc he-Gen mother-Nom he-Nom fool is C thinking-is-Q
Translation: Who½ does his½ mother think of as a fool?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o Taroo-ga soitu-ga baka da to omotte-iru-no?
Glosses: who-Acc T.-Nom he-Nom fool is C thinking-is-Q
Translation: Who½ does Taroo think of as a fool?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Tokyo-to Kyoto-o ½ otagai½-no jyannin-ga t½ sumi-nikui-to omotta.
Glosses: Tokyo-and Kyoto-Acc each.other-Gen resident-Nom live-hard-Comp thought
Translation: Tokyo and Kyoto½ , each other½ 's residents thought are hard to live in.'SM,HY
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Nani-o½ dare-ga John-ga t½ katta-to itta-no?
Glosses: what-Acc who-Nom John-Nom bought-Comp said-Q
Translation: What, who said that John bought?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o½ naze dare-ga t½ baka-da-to omotteiru-no?
Glosses: who-Acc why who-Nom fool-Cop-Comp thinking-Q
Translation: Whom, why does who think of as a fool?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-o½ naze dare-ga t½ baka-da-to omotteiru-no?
Glosses: who-Acc why who-Nom fool-Cop-Comp thinking-Q
Translation: Why does who think of whom as a fool?
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada½-wa zibun½ / ?kare½-ga tensai de aru koto o sitte ita.
Glosses: Y.-Top self/ ?he-Nom genius is that knew
Translation: Yamada knew that self/?he was a genius.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada½ wa zibun½ / ?kare½-ga tensai da to omotte ita.
Glosses: Y.-Top self/ ?he-Nom genius is that thinking was
Translation: Yamada thought that self/?he was a genius.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Yamada½-wa zibun½ / *kare½-o tensai da to omotte ita.
Glosses: Y.-Top self/ *he-Acc genius is that thinking was
Translation: Yamada thought that self/*he was a genius.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-ga Hanako-o tasukete-yat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Nom Hanako-Acc help-Ben-Past
Translation: Taro helped Hanako (for her/my/... sake).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa [Hanako-ga hon-o kure-ta] node, Hanako-ni okane-o yat-ta.
Glosses: Taro-Top Hanako-Nom book-Acc give-Past because Hanako-Dat money-Acc give-Past
Translation: Taro gave money to Hanako because Hanako gave him a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-ga Max-ni hon-o yat-ta.
Glosses: I-Nom Max-Dat book-Acc give-Past
Translation: I gave Max a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: okene-o {yat/kure}-ta-ni-tigai-nai.
Glosses: money-Acc give-Past-must
Translation: Taro is prosperous these days. Someone must have given him money.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: dareaka-ni okene-o {yat/*kure}-ta-ni-tigai-nai.
Glosses: someone-Dat money-Acc give-Past-must
Translation: Taro is short of money these days. He must have given his money to somebody.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-ga Max-o tasuke-ta.
Glosses: I-Nom Max-Acc help-Past
Translation: I helped Max.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Max-ga boku-ni tasuke-rare-ta.
Glosses: Max-Nom I-Dat help-Pass-Past
Translation: Max was helped by me.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Maxi-wa karei-no musuko-ni tasuke-rare-ta.
Glosses: Maxi-Top hei-Gen son-Dat help-Pass-Past
Translation: Max was helped by his son.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Maxi-no musuko-ga karei-ni tasuke-rare-ta.
Glosses: Maxi-Top hei-Gen son-Dat help-Pass-Past
Translation: Max's son was helped by him.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa saikin keiki-ga i-i. Boku-ga (kare-ni) okene-o {yat/*kure}-ta-noda.
Glosses: Taro-Top recently business-Nom good-Pres I-Nom he-Dat money-Acc give-Past-Emph
Translation: Taro is prosperous these days. I gave him money.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taro-wa saikin okane-ni komatte-i-ru. (Kare-wa) boku-ni okene-o {*yat/kure}-ta-noda.
Glosses: Taro-Top recently money-Dat have.trouble-Asp-Pres he-Top I-Dat money-Acc give-Past-Emph
Translation: Taro is short of money these days. He gave me his money.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Herumetto-ga tentoo-no syokku-o yawaragete-{*yat/kure}-ta.
Glosses: helmet-Nom fall-Gen shock-Acc soften-Ben-Past
Translation: The helmet lessened the shock when he fell down (for his sake).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kono kemuri-wa kare-no inoti-o
Glosses: save-Ben-should-Past
Translation: This smoke should have saved his life (for his sake).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kono saku-ga hituzi-tati-o ookami-kara mamotte-{?*yatte/kurete}-i-ru.
Glosses: this fence-Nom sheep-Pl-Acc wolf-from protect-Ben-Asp-Pres.
Translation: This fence protects sheep against wolves.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kono syoonen-ga sono inu-ni hone-o {yat/??kure}-ta.
Glosses: this boy-Nom that dog-Dat bone-Acc give-Past
Translation: This boy gave that dog a bone.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kono syoonen-ga {uti-no inu/ Fido}-ni hone-o {yat/kure}-ta.
Glosses: this boy-Nom our dog Fido-Dat bone-Acc give-Past
Translation: This boy gave our dog/Fido [referring to a dog] a bone.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Kono inu-ga sono syoonen-o tasukete-{??yat/kure}-ta.
Glosses: this dog-Nom that boy-Acc help-give-Past
Translation: This dog saved the boy (for his sake).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: {Uti-no inu/ Fido}-ga sono syoonen-o tasukete-{yat/kure}-ta.
Glosses: our dog Fido-Nom that boy-Acc help-give-Past
Translation: Our dog/Fido [referring to a dog] saved the boy (for his sake).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Boku-wa Max-ni hon-o yat-ta.
Glosses: I-Top Max-Dat book-Acc give-Past
Translation: I gave Max a book.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ano hito wa kirei da
Glosses: that person TOP pretty is.PRES
Translation: That person is pretty
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-wa nani-mo tabe-*(nak)-atta.
Glosses: John.topic n-thing eat.negation.past
Translation: John didn't eat anything.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-mo nani-mo iwa-nak-atta.
Glosses: n-person n-thing say.neg.past
Translation: Nobody said anything.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Mary-ga [kinoo John-ga kekkonsi-ta to] it-ta
Glosses: Mary yesterday John married that said
Translation: Mary said that John got married yesterday
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-mo
Glosses: Who-CONJ
Translation: everyone
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-ka
Glosses: Who-DISJ
Translation: someone
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare mo sushi o takusan tabeta
Glosses: who CONJ sushi ACC a.lot ate
Translation: *Dare-mo ate Sushi a lot
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taka-wa nani-mo yoku tabe-na-katta
Glosses: Taka-TOP what-CONJ well eat-NEG-PAST
Translation: Take ate nothing well
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Reiko-wa hitoride doko-mo ik-eru
Glosses: Reiko-TOP alone where-CONJ go-can
Translation: Reiko can go everywhere alone
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Noriko-wa dono hon mo suki-da
Glosses: Noriko-TOP which book CONJ likes
Translation: Noriko likes any of these books
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-mo ga nani-ka o tabe-te-iru
Glosses: who-CONJ NOM what DISJ ACC eating-be
Translation: Everyone is eating something
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taka-wa dare-ka-ni awa-na-katta
Glosses: Taka-TOP who-DISJ-with meet-NEG-PAST
Translation: There is someone that Taka didn't meet
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Dare-mo ga nani-ka o tabe-te-iru
Glosses: who-CONJ NOM who-DISJ ACC eating-be
Translation: Everyone is eating something
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Saiten-sita. futari-no sikenkan-ga kaku-touan-o.
Glosses: marked-did two examinersN O M each scriptAC C
Translation: Two examiners marked each script
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Saiten-sita futari-no sikenkan-ga kaku touan-o.
Glosses: marking-did twoGE N examinerN O M each scriptAC C
Translation: Two examiners marked each script
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (1 6 ) a. Taroo-ga musuko-ni sin-are-ta.
Glosses: Taroo-NOM son-DAT die-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro's son died on him
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga ame-o hur-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taroo-NOM rain-ACC fall-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro was rained on
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga ame-ni hur-are-ta.
Glosses: Taroo-NOM rain-DAT fall-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro was rained on
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-o soba-de sob-ase-ta
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-ACC near-LOC play-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro was adversely affected by his so n playing near by
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (2 1 ) a. Taroo-ga sensoo-ni-yotte musuko-o sin-ase-ta
Glosses: Taroo-ga war-by son-ACC die-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro's son was caused to die on him by the war
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga sensoo-ni-yotte musuko-ni sin-are-ta
Glosses: Taroo-ga war-by son-DAT die-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro's son died on him by the war
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga titioya-ni sin-are-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM father-DAT die-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro was affected by his father dying
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga titioya-o sin-ase-ta.
Glosses: Taro-NOM father-ACC die-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro was affected by his father dying
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: (2 3 ) a. Taroo-ga katteni koronda.
Glosses: Taro-NOM by.self fell.down
Translation: Taro fell down all by himself
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-ni katteni korob-are-ta
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-DAT by.self fall.down-PASS-PAST
Translation: Taro was affected by his son falling down all by himself
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga musuko-o katteni korob-ase-ta
Glosses: Taro-NOM son-ACC by.self fall.down-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taro was affected by his son falling down all by himself
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga Hanako-ni-yotte yasai-o kusar-ase-ta
Glosses: Taroo-ga Hanako-by vegetable-ACC rot-CAUSE-PAST
Translation: Taroo was affected by Hanako's causing the vegetable to rot
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Naomi-wa Ken-wo kuukoo ko-sase-ta
Glosses: Naomi-nom Ken-acc airport come-caus
Translation: Naomi had Ken to come the airport.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Ken-wa Naomi-ni Tomio-wo tazune-sase-ta
Glosses: Ken-nom Naomi-dat Tomio-acc visit-caus-past
Translation: Ken made Naomi to visit Tomio.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Erebus-ga Charon-ni zibun-no uti-de hon-o yom-(s)ase-ta
Glosses: Erebus-nom Charon-dat self-sem house-in book-acc read-caus-past
Translation: Erebus made Charon read the book in her own house.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Erebus-ga Charon-o zibun-no uti-de korosi-ta
Glosses: Erebus-nom Charon-acc self-gen house-in kill-past
Translation: Erebus killed Charon in her own house.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: John-ga kodomo-o nak-asi-ta
Glosses: John-Nom child-Acc cry-Cause-Past
Translation: John made the child cry.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: watashi-wa keeki-o tabeta dakedo keeki-wa mada nokotteiru
Glosses: I-Nom cake-Acc ate-Perf but cake-Nom still remains
Translation: I ate the cake but some of it still remains.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: watashi-wa keeki-o tabeteshimatta dakedo keeki-wa mada nokotteiru
Glosses: I-Nom cake-Acc ate-finish-Perf but cake-Nom still remains
Translation: I ate the cake but some of it still remains.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: dareka-ga sono hon-o yon-da ga
Glosses: I-TOP who be-PRES Q know.NEG
Translation: Someone read the book but I don't know who (it is).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga kesa tukue-ni hana-o oita
Glosses: Taro-NOM this morning desk-LOC flower-ACC put
Translation: Taro put the flower on the desk this morning
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa {sakana-wa} tabeta
Glosses: Taro-TOP fish-CF a te
Translation: Taro ate fish (but ate nothing else).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa {sakana-wa tabeta}
Glosses: Taro-TOP fish-CF a te
Translation: Taro ate fish (but did nothing else).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa {hana-wa tukue-ni oita}
Glosses: Taro-TOP flower-CF desk-LOC put
Translation: Taro put the flowers on the desk (but did nothing else).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-wa {sakana-wa resutoran-de tabeta}
Glosses: Taro-TOP fish-CF restaurant-LOC ate
Translation: Taro ate fish at the resta urant (but did nothing else).
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga akai {uwagi-wa kiru}-ga onazi iro-no {zubon-wa kiraida} (-to kiita).
Glosses: Taroo-NOM red jacket-CF wear but same colour-GEN trousers-CF hate that heard
Translation: Taro wears a red jacket, but hat es trousers of the same colour.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga akai {uwagi-wa kiru}-ga onazi iro-no {zubon-wa kirai da} ( to kiita).
Glosses: Taroo-NOM red jacket-CF wear but same colour-GEN trousers-CF hate that heard
Translation: (I hear that) Taro wears a red j acket, but hates trousers of the same colour.
Language: Japanese (English translation)
Transcription: Taroo-ga akai {uwagi-wa kiru}-ga onazi iro-no {zubon-wa kiraida} (-to kiita).
Glosses: Taroo-NOM red jacket-CF wear but same colour-GEN trousers-CF hate that heard
Translation: (I hear that) Taro wears a red jacket, but hates trousers of the same colour.