Publication: Magyar Közlöny
Issue: MK-2006-137 (Year: 2006, Number: 137)
Era: 2004-2010
Section: 
Paragraph Index: 299

5. Plants for the separation of isotopes of uranium and equipment, other than analytical instruments, especially designed or prepared therefor Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase *equipment, other than analytical instruments, especially designed or prepared* for the separation of isotopes of uranium include: 5.1. Gas centrifuges and assemblies and components especially designed or prepared for use in gas centrifuges Introductory note The gas centrifuge normally consists of a thin-walled cylinder(s) of between 75 mm (3 in) and 400 mm (16 in) diameter contained in a vacuum environment and spun at high peripheral speed of the order of 300 m/s or more with its central axis vertical. In order to achieve high speed the materials of construction for the rotating components have to be of a high strength to density ratio and the rotor assembly, and hence its individual components, have to be manufactured to very close tolerances in order to minimise the imbalance. In contrast to other centrifuges, the gas centrifuge for uranium enrichment is characterised by having within the rotor chamber a rotating disc-shaped baffle(s) and a stationary tube arrangement for feeding and extracting to UF6 gas and featuring at least three separate channels, of which two are connected to scoops extending from the rotor axis towards the periphery of the rotor chamber. Also contained within the vacuum environment are a number of critical items which do not rotate and which although they are especially designed are not difficult to fabricate nor are they fabricated out of unique materials. A centrifuge facility however requires a large number of these components, so that quantities can provide an important indication of end use. 5.1.1. Rotating components (a) Complete rotor assemblies Thin-walled cylinders, or a number of interconnected thin-walled cylinders, manufactured from one or more of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section. If interconnected, the cylinders are joined together by flexible bellows or rings as described in Section 5.1.1.(c) following. The rotor is fitted with an internal baffle(s) and end caps, as described in Section 5.1.1.(d) and (e) following, if in final form. However the complete assembly may be delivered only partly assembled. (b) Rotor tubes Especially designed or prepared thin-walled cylinders with thickness of 12 mm (0,5 in) or less, a diameter of between 75 mm (3 in) and 400 mm (16 in), and manufactured from one or more of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section. (c) Rings or bellows Components especially designed or prepared to give localised support to the rotor tube or to join together a number of rotor tubes. The bellows is a short cylinder of wall thickness 3 mm (0,12 in) or less, a diameter of between 75 mm (3 in) and 400 m (16 in), having a convolute, and manufactured from one of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section. (d) Baffles Disc-shaped components of between 75 mm (3 in) and 400 m (16 in) diameter especially designed or prepared to be mounted inside the centrifuge rotor tube, in order to isolate the take-off chamber from the main separation chamber and, in some cases, to assist the UF6 gas circulation within the main separation chamber of the rotor tube, and manufactured from one of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section. (e) Top caps/bottom caps Disc-shaped components of between 75 mm (3 in) and 400 (16 in) diameter especially designed or prepared to fit to the ends of the rotor tube, and so contain the UF6 within the rotor tube, and in some cases to support, retain or contain as an integrated part an element of the upper bearing (top cap) or to carry the rotating elements of the motor and lower bearing (bottom cap), and manufactured from one of the high strength to density ratio materials described in the explanatory note to this section. Explanatory note The materials used for centrifuge rotating components are: (a) maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 2,05 × 109 N/m2 (300 000 psi) or more, (b) aluminium alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 0,46 × 109 N/m2 (67 000 psi) or more, (c) filamentary materials suitable for use in composite structures and having a specific modulus of 12,3 × 106 m or greater and a specific ultimate tensile strength of 0,3 × 106 m or greater (*Specific Modulus* is the Young’s Modulus in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3 2006/137. szám *Specific Ultimate Tensile Strength* is the ultimate tensile strength in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3. 5.1.2. Static components (a) Magnetic suspension bearings Especially designed or prepared bearing assemblies consisting of an annular magnet suspended within a housing containing a damping medium. The housing will be manufactured from a UF6-resistant material (see explanatory note to Section 5.2.). The magnet couples with a pole piece or a second magnet fitted to the top cap described in Section 5.1.1.(e). The magnet may be ring-shaped with a relation between outer and inner diameter smaller or equal to 1,6:1. The magnet may be in a form having an initial permeability of 0,15 H/m (120 000 in CGS units) or more, or a remanence of 98,5% or more, or an energy product of greater than 80 kJ/m3 (107 gauss-oersteds). In addition to the usual material properties, it is a prerequisite that the deviation of the magnetic axes from the geometrical axes is limited to very small tolerances (lower than 0,1 mm or 0,004 in) or that homogeneity of the material of the magnet is specially called for. (b) Bearings/dampers Especially designed or prepared bearings comprising a pivot/cup assembly mounted on a damper. The pivot is normally a hardened steel shaft with a hemisphere at one end with a means of attachment to the bottom cap described in section 5.1.1.(e) at the other. The shaft may however have a hydrodynamic bearing attached. The cup is pellet-shaped with a hemispherical indentation in one surface. These components are often supplied separately to the damper. (c) Molecular pumps Especially designed or prepared cylinders having internally machined or extruded helical grooves and internally machines bores. Typical dimensions are as follows: 75 mm (3 in) to 400 mm (16 in) internal diameter, 10 mm (0,4 in) or more wall thickness, with the length equal to or greater than the diameter. The grooves are typically rectangular in cross-section and 2 mm (0,08 in) or more in depth. (d) Motor stators Especially designed or prepared ring-shaped stators for high speed multiphase AC hysteresis (or reluctance) motors for synchronous operation within a vacuum in the frequency range of 600–2000 Hz and a power range of 50–1000 VA. The stators consist of multiphase windings on a laminated low loss iron core comprised of thin layers typically 2,0 mm (0,08 in) thick or less. (e) Centrifuge housing/recipients Components especially designed designed or prepared to contain the rotor tube assembly of a gas centrifuge. The housing consists of a rigid cylinder of wall thickness up to 30 mm (1,2 in) with precision machined ends to locate the bearings and with one or more flanges for mounting. The machined ends are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylinder’s longitudinal axis to within 0,05 degrees or less. The housing may also be a honeycomb type structure to accommodate several rotor tubes. The housings are made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6. (f) Scoops Especially designed or prepared tubes up to 12 mm (0,5 in) internal diameter for the extraction of UF6 gas from within the rotor tube by a pilot tube action (that is, with an aperture facing into the circumferential gas flow within the rotor tube, for example by bending the end of a radially disposed tube) and capable of being fixed to the central gas extraction system. The tubes are made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6. 5.2. Especially designed or prepared auxiliary systems, equipment and components for gas centrifuge enrichment plants Introductory note The auxiliary systems, equipment and components for a gas centrifuge enrichment plant are the systems of plant needed to feed UF6 to the centrifuges, to link the individual centrifuges to each other to form cascades (or stages) to allow for progressively higher enrichments and to extract the *product* and *tails* UF6 from the centrifuges, together with the equipment required to drive the centrifuges or to control the plant. Normally UF6 is evaporated from the solid using heated autoclaves and is distributed in gaseous form to the centrifuges by way of cascade header pipework. The *product* and *tails* UF6 gaseous streams flowing from the centrifuges are also passed by way of cascade header pipework to cold traps [operating at about 203 K (–70 °C)] where they are condensed prior to onward transfer into suitable containers for transportation or storage. Because an enrichment plant consists of many thousands of centrifuges arranged in cascades there are many kilometres of cascade header pipework, incorporating thousands of welds with a substantial amount of repetition of layout. The equipment, components and piping systems are fabricated to very high vacuum and cleanliness standards. 5.2.1. Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems Especially designed or prepared process systems including: – feed autoclaves (or stations), used for passing UF6 to the centrifuge cascades at up to 100 kPa (15 psi) and at a rate of 1 kg/h or more, – desublimers (or cold traps) used to remove UF6 from the cascades at up to 3 kPa (0,5 psi) pressure. The desublimers are capable of being chilled to 203 K (–70 °C) and heated to 343 K (70 °C), – *product* and *tails* stations used for trapping UF6 into containers. This plant, equipment and pipework is wholly made of or lined with UF6-resistant materials (see explanatory note 2006/137. szám to this section) and is fabricated to very high vacuum and cleanliness standards. 5.2.2. Machine header piping systems Especially designed or prepared piping systems and header systems for handling UF6 within the centrifuge cascades. The piping network is normally of the *triple* header system with each centrifuge connected to each of the headers. There is thus a substantial amount of repetition in its form. It is wholly made of UF6-resistant materials (see explanatory note to this section) and is fabricated to very high vacuum and cleanliness standards. 5.2.3. UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources Especially designed or prepared magnetic or quadrupole mass spectrometers capable of taking *on-line* samples of feed, product or tails, from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following characteristics:

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