Publication: Magyar Közlöny
Issue: MK-2009-42 (Year: 2009, Number: 42)
Era: 2004-2010
Section: 
Paragraph Index: 7

3. Care 3.1. Health 3.2. Capture 3.3. Packing and transport conditions 3.4. Reception and unpacking 3.5. Quarantine, isolation and acclimatisation 3.6. Caging 3.7. Feeding 3.8. Water 3.9. Bedding 3.10. Exercising and handling 3.11. Cleaning 3.12. Humane killing of animals Introduction 1 The member States of the Council of Europe have decided that it is their aim to protect live animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes to ensure that any possible pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm inflicted upon them, as a consequence of procedures being conducted upon them, shall be kept at a minimum. 2 It is true that some procedures are conducted under field conditions on free-living, self-supporting, wild animals, but such procedures are relatively few in number. The great majority of animals used in procedures must for practical reasons be kept under some sort of physical control in facilities ranging from outdoor corrals to cages for small animals in a laboratory animal house. This is a situation where there are highly conflicting interests. On 2009/42. szám the one hand, the animal whose needs in respect of movement, social relations and other manifestations of life must be restricted, on the other hand, the experimenter and his assistants who demand full control of the animal and its environment. In this confrontation of interests the animal may sometimes be given secondary consideration. 3 Therefore, the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental or Other Scientific Purposes provides in Article 5 that: „Any animal used or intended for use in a procedure shall be provided with accommodation, an environment, at least a minimum degree of freedom of movement, food, water and care, appropriate to its health and well-being. Any restriction on the extent to which an animal can satisfy its physiological and ethological needs shall be limited as far as practicable.” 4 This appendix draws up certain guidelines based on present knowledge and practice for the accommodation and care of animals. It explains and supplements the basic principles adopted in Article 5. The object is thus to help authorities, institutions and individuals in their pursuit of the aims of the Council of Europe in this matter. 5 Care is a word which, when used in connection with animals intended for or in actual use in procedures, covers all aspects of the relationship between animals and man. Its substance is the sum of material and non-material resources mobilised by man to obtain and maintain an animal in a physical and mental state where it suffers least and performs best in procedures. It starts from the moment the animal is destined to be used in procedures and continues until it is humanely killed or otherwise disposed of by the establishment in accordance with Article 11 of the Convention after the close of the procedure. 6 The appendix aims to give advice about the design of appropriate animal quarters. There are, however, several methods of breeding and keeping laboratory animals that differ chiefly in the degree of control of the microbiological environment. It has to be borne in mind that the staff concerned will sometimes have to judge from the character and condition of the animals where the recommended standards of space may not be sufficient, as with especially aggressive animals. In applying the guidelines described in this appendix, the requirements of each of these situations should be taken into account. Furthermore, it is necessary to make clear the status of these guidelines. Unlike the provisions of the Convention itself, they are not mandatory: they are recommendations to be used with discretion, designed as guidance to the practices and standards which all concerned should conscientiously strive to achieve. It is for this reason that the term „should” has had to be used throughout the text even where „must” might seem to be the more appropriate word. For example, it is self-evident that food and water must be provided (see 3.7.2 and 3.8). 7 Finally, for practical and financial reasons, existing animal quarters’ equipment should not need to be replaced before it is worn out, or has otherwise become useless. Pending replacement with equipment conforming with the present guidelines, these should as far as practicable be complied with by adjusting the numbers and sizes of animals placed in existing cages and pens. Definitions In this Appendix A, in addition to the definitions contained in Article 1.2 of the Convention: a „holding rooms” mean rooms where animals are normally housed, either for breeding and stocking or during the conduct of a procedure; b „cage” means a permanently fixed or movable container that is closed by solid walls and, at least on one side, by bars or meshed wire or, where appropriate, nets and in which one or more animals are kept or transported; depending on the stocking density and the size of the container, the freedom of movement of the animals is relatively restricted; c „pen” means an area enclosed, for example, by walls, bars or meshed wire in which one or more animals are kept; depending on the size of the enclosure and the stocking density the freedom of movement of the animals is usually less restricted than in a cage; d „run” means an area closed, for example, by fences, walls, bars or meshed wire and frequently situated outside permanently fixed buildings in which animals kept in cages or pens can move freely during certain periods of time in accordance with their ethological and physiological needs, such as exercise; e „stall” means a small enclosure with three sides, usually a feed-rack and lateral separations, where one or two animals may be kept tethered. 1 The physical facilities 1.1. Functions and general design 1.1.1. Any facility should be so constructed as to provide a suitable environment for the species housed. It should also be designed to prevent access by unauthorised persons. Facilities that are part of a larger building complex should also be protected by proper building measures and arrangements that limit the number of entrances and prevent unauthorised traffic. 1.1.2. It is recommended that there should be a maintenance programme for the facilities in order to prevent any defect of equipment. 1.2. Holding rooms 1.2.1. All necessary measures should be taken to ensure regular and efficient cleaning of the rooms and the maintenance of a satisfactory hygienic standard. Ceilings and walls should be damage-resistant with a smooth, 2009/42. szám impervious and easily washable surface. Special attention should be paid to junctions with doors, ducts, pipes and cables. Doors and windows, if any, should be constructed or protected so as to keep out unwanted animals. Where appropriate, an inspection window may be fitted in the door. Floors should be smooth, impervious and have a non-slippery, easily washable surface which can carry the weight of racks and other heavy equipment without being damaged. Drains, if any, should be adequately covered and fitted with a barrier which will prevent animals from gaining access. 1.2.2. Rooms where the animals are allowed to run freely should have walls and floors with a particularly resistant surface material to stand up to the heavy wear and tear caused by the animals and the cleaning process. The material should not be detrimental to the health of the animals and be such that the animals cannot hurt themselves. Drains are desirable in such rooms. Additional protection should be given to any equipment or fixtures so that they may not be damaged by the animals or hurt the animals themselves. Where outdoor exercise areas are provided measures should be taken when appropriate to prevent access by the public and animals. 1.2.3. Rooms intended for the holding of farm animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, poultry, etc.) should at least conform with the standards laid down in the European Convention for the Protection of Animals kept for Farming Purposes and by national vererinary and other authorities. 1.2.4. The majority of holding rooms are usually designed to house rodents. Frequently such rooms may also be used to house larger species. Care should be taken not to house together species which are incompatible. 1.2.5. Holding rooms should be provided with facilities for carrying out minor procedures and manipulations, where appropriate. 1.3. Laboratories and general and special purpose procedure rooms 1.3.1. At breeding or supplying establishments suitable facilities for making consignments of animals ready for disptach should be made available. 1.3.2. All establishments should also have available as a mimimum laboratory facilities for the carrying out of simple diagnostic tests, post-mortem examinations, and/or the collection of samples which are to be subjected to more extensive laboratory investigations elsewhere. 1.3.3. Provision should be made for the receipt of animals in such a way that incoming animals do not put at risk animals already present in the facility, for example by quarantining. General and special purpose procedure rooms should be made available for situations where it is undesirable to carry out the procedures or observations in the holding room. 1.3.4. There should be appropriate accommodation for enabling animals which are ill or injured to be housed separately. 1.3.5. Where appropriate, there should be provision for one or more separate rooms suitably equipped for the performance of surgical procedures under aseptic conditions. There should be facilities for post-operative recovery where this is warranted. 1.4. Service rooms 1.4.1. Store rooms for food should be cool and dry, vermin and insect proof and those for bedding, dry, vermin and insect proof. Other materials, which may be contaminated or present a hazard, should be stored separately. 1.4.2. Store rooms for clean cages, instruments and other equipment should be available. 1.4.3. The cleaning and washing room should be large enough to accommodate the installations necessary to decontaminate and clean used equipment. The cleaning process should be arranged so as to separate the flow of clean and dirty equipment to prevent the contamination of newly cleaned equipment. Walls and floors should be covered with a suitably resistant surface material and the ventilation system should have ample capacity to carry away the excess heat and humidity. 1.4.4. Provision should be made for the hygienic storage and disposal of carcasses and animal waste. If incineration on the site is not possible or desirable, suitable arrangements should be made for the safe disposal of such material having regard to local regulation and by-laws. Special precautions should be taken with highly toxic or radioactive waste. 1.4.5. The design and construction of circulation areas should correspond to the standards of the holding rooms. The corridors should be wide enough to allow easy circulation of movable equipment. 2 The environment in the holding room and its control 2.1. Ventilation 2.1.1. Holding rooms should have an adequate ventilation system which should satisfy the requirements of the species housed. The purpose of the ventilation system is to provide fresh air and to keep down the level of odours, noxious gases, dust and infectious agents of any kind. It also provides for the removal of excess heat and humidity. 2.1.2. The air in the room should be renewed at frequent intervals. A ventilation rate of 15–20 air changes per hour is normally adequate. However, in some circumstances, where stocking density is low, 8–10 air changes per hour may suffice or mechanical ventilation may not even be needed at all. Other circumstances may necessitate a much higher rate of air change. Recirculation of untreated air should be avoided. However, it should be emphasised that even the most efficient system cannot compensate for poor cleaning routines or negligence. 2.1.3. The ventilation system should be so designed as to avoid harmful draughts. 2009/42. szám 2.1.4. Smoking in rooms where there are animals should be forbidden. 2.2. Temperature 2.2.1. Table 1 gives the range within which it is recommeded that the temperature should be maintained. It should also be emphasised that the figures apply only to adult, normal animals. Newborn and young animals will often require a much higher temperature level. The temperature of the premises should be regulated according to possible changes in the animals’ thermal regulation which may be due to special physiological conditions or to the effects of the procedures. 2.2.2. Under the climatic conditions prevailing in Europe it may be necessary to provide a ventilation system having the capacity both to heat and cool the air supplied. 2.2.3. In user establishments a precise temperature control in the holding rooms may be required, because the environmental temperature is a physical factor which has a profound effect on the metabolism of all animals. 2.3. Humidity Extreme variations in relative humidity (RH) have an adverse effect on the health and well-being of animals. It is therefore recommended that the RH level in holding rooms should be appropriate to the species concerned and should ordinarily be maintained at 55% +/–10%. Values below 40% and above 70% RH for prolonged periods should be avoided. 2.4. Lighting In windowless rooms, it is necessary to provide controlled lighting both to satisfy the biological requirements of the animals and to provide a satisfactory working environment. It is also necessary to have a control of the intensity and of the light-dark cycle. When keeping albino animals, one should take into account their sensitivity to light (see also 2.6). 2.5. Noise Noise can be an important disturbing factor in the animal quarters. Holding rooms and procedure rooms should be insulated against loud noise sources in the audible and in the higher frequencies in order to avoid disturbances in the behaviour and the physiology of the animals. Sudden noises may lead to considerable change in organ functions but, as they are often unavoidable, it is sometimes advisable to provide holding and procedure rooms with a continuous sound of moderate intensity such as soft music. 2.6. Alarm systems A facility housing a large number of animals is vulnerable. It is therefore recommended that the facility is duly protected by the installation of devices to detect fires and the intrusion of unauthorised persons. Technical defects or a break-down of the ventilation system is another hazard which could cause distress and even the death of animals, due to suffocation and overheating or, in less serious cases, have such negative effects on a procedure that it will be a failure and have to be repeated. Adequate monitoring devices should therefore be installed in connection with the heating and ventilation plant to enable the staff to supervise its operation in general. If warranted, a stand-by generator should be provided for the maintenance of life support systems for the animals and lighting in the event of a break-down or the withdrawal of supply. Clear instructions on emergency procedures should be prominently displayed. Alarms for fish tanks are recommended in case of failure of the water supply. Care should be taken to ensure that the operation of an alarm system causes as little disturbance as possible to the animals. 3 Care 3.1. Health 3.1.1. The person in charge of the establishment should ensure regular inspection of the animals and supervision of the accommodation and care by a veterinarian or other competent person. 3.1.2. According to the assessment of the potential hazard to the animals, appropriate attention should be paid to the health and hygiene of the staff. 3.2. Capture Wild and feral animals should be captured only by humane methods and by experienced persons who have a thorough knowledge of the habits and habitats of the animals to be caught. If an anaesthetic or any other drug has to be used in the capturing operation, it should be administered by a veterinarian or other competent person. Any animal which is seriously injured should be presented as soon as possible to a veterinarian for treatment. If the animal, in the opinion of the veterinarian, can only go on living with suffering or pain it should be killed at once by a humane method. In the absence of a veterinarian, any animal which may be seriously injured should be killed at once by a humane method. 3.3. Packing and transport conditions All transportation is undoubtedly, for the animals, a stressful experience, which should be mitigated as far as possible. Animals should be in good health for transportation and it is the duty of the sender to ensure that they are so. Animals which are sick or otherwise out of condition should never be subjected to any transport which is not necessary for therapeutic or diagnostic reasons. Special care should be exercised with female animals in an advanced state of pregnancy. Female animals which are likely to give birth during the transport or which have done so within the preceding forty-eight hours, and their offspring, should be excluded from transportation. Every precaution should be taken by sender and carrier in packing, stowing and transit to avoid unnecessary suffering through inadequate ventilation, exposure to extreme temperatures, lack of feed and water, long delays, etc. The receiver should be properly informed about the 2009/42. szám transport details and documentary particulars to ensure quick handling and reception in the place of arrival. Even in the case of States which are not Parties to the European Convention on the Protection of Animals During International Transport, strict observance of the provisions of this Convention is recommended; strict observance of national laws and regulations as well as of the regulations for live animals of the International Air Transport Association and the Animal Air Transport Association is also recommended. 3.4. Reception and unpacking The consignments of animals should be received and unpacked without avoidable delay. After inspection, the animals should be transferred to clean cages or pens and be supplied with feed and water as appropriate. Animals which are sick or otherwise out of condition should be kept under close observation and separately from other animals. They should be examined by a veterinarian or other competent person as soon as possible and, where necessary, treated. Animals which do not have any chance to recover should be killed at once by a humane method. Finally, all animals received must be registered and marked in accordance with the provisions of Articles 16, 17 and 24 of the Convention. Transport boxes should be destroyed immediately if proper decontamination is impossible. 3.5. Quarantine, isolation and acclimatisation 3.5.1. The objects of quarantine are: a to protect other animals in the establishment; b to protect man against zoonotic infection; c to foster good scientific practice. Unless the state of health of animals introduced into an establishment is satisfactory, it is recommended that they should undergo a period of quarantine. In some cases, that of rabies, for example, this period may be laid down in the national regulations of the Party. In others, it will vary and should be determined by a competent person, according to the circumstances, normally the veterinarian appointed by the establishment (see also Table 2). Animals may be used for procedures during the quarantine period as long as they have become acclimatised to their new environment and they present no significant risk to other animals or man. 3.5.2. It is recommended that facilities should be set aside in which to isolate animals showing signs of or suspected of ill-health and which might present a hazard to man or to other animals. 3.5.3. Even when the animals are seen to be in sound health it is good husbandry for them to undergo a period of acclimatisation before being used in a procedure. The time required depends on several factors, such as the stress to which the animals have been subjected which in turn depends on several factors such as the duration of the transportation and the age of the animal. This time shall be decided by a competent person. 3.6. Caging 3.6.1. It is possible to make a distinction between two broad systems of housing animals. Firstly, there is the system found in breeding, supplying and user establishments in the bio-medical field designed to accommodate animals such as rodents, rabbits, carnivores, birds and non-human primates, sometimes also ruminants, swine and horses. Suggested guidelines for cages, pens, runs and stalls suitable for such facilities are presented in Tables 3 to 13. Supplementary guidance on minimum cage areas is found in Figures 1 to 7. Furthermore, a corresponding guidance for the appraisal of the stocking density in cages is presented in Figures 8 to 22. Secondly, there is the system frequently found in establishments conducting procedures only on farm or similar large animals. The facilities in such establishments should not be less than those required by current veterinary standards. 3.6.2. Cages and pens should not be made out of material that is deterimental to the health of the animals, and their design should be such that the animals cannot injure themselves and, unless they are disposable, they should be made from a resistant material adapted to cleaning and decontamination techniques. In particular attention should be given to the design of cage and pen floors which should vary according to the species and age of the animals and be designed to facilitate the removal of excreta. 3.6.3. Pens should be designed for the well-being of the species. They should permit the satisfaction of certain ethological needs (for example, the need to climb, hide or shelter temporarily) and be designed for efficient cleaning and freedom from contact with other animals. 3.7. Feeding 3.7.1. In the selection, production and preparation of feed, precautions should be taken to avoid chemical, physical and microbiological contamination. The feed should be packed in tight, closed bags, stamped with the production date when appropriate. Packing, transport and storing should also be such as to avoid contamination, deterioration or destruction. Store rooms should be cool, dark, dry and vermin and insect proof. Quickly perishable feed like greens, vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, etc. should be stored in cold rooms, refrigerators or freezers. All feed hoppers, troughs or other utensils used for feeding should be regularly cleaned and if necessary sterilised. If moist feed is used or if the feed is easily contaminated with water, urine, etc., daily cleaning is necessary. 3.7.2. The feed distribution process may vary according to the species but it should be such as to satisfy the physiological needs of the animal. Provision should be made for each animal to have access to the feed. 2009/42. szám 3.8. Water 3.8.1. Uncontaminated drinking water should always be available to all animals. During transport, it is acceptable to provide water as part of a moist diet. Water is however a vehicle of micro-organisms and the supply should therefore be so arranged that the hazard involved is minimised. Two methods are in common use, bottles and automatic systems. 3.8.2. Bottles are often used with small animals like rodents and rabbits. When bottles are used, they should be made from translucent material in order to enable their contents to be monitored. The design should be wide-mouthed for easy and efficient cleaning and, if plastic material is used, it should not be leachable. Caps, stoppers and pipes should also be sterilisable and easy to clean. All bottles and accessories should be taken to pieces, cleaned and sterilised at appropriate and regular periods. It is preferable that the bottles should be replaced by clean, sterilised ones rather than be refilled in the holding rooms. 3.8.3. Automatic drinking systems should be regularly checked, serviced and flushed to avoid accidents and the spread of infections. If solid-bottom cages are used, care should be taken to minimise the risk of flooding. Regular bacteriological testing of the system is also necessary to monitor the quality of the water. 3.8.4. Water received from public waterworks contains some micro-organisms which are usually considered to be harmless unless one is dealing with microbiologically defined animals. In such cases, the water should be treated. Water supplied by public waterworks is usually chlorinated to reduce the growth of micro-organisms. Such chlorination is not always enough to keep down the growth of certain potential pathogens, as for example Pseudomonas. As an additional measure, the level of chlorine in the water could be increased or the water could be acidified to achieve the desired effect. 3.8.5. In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, tolerance for acidity, chlorine and many other chemicals differs widely from species to species. Therefore provision should be made to adapt the water supply for aquariums and tanks to the needs and tolerance limits of the individual species. 3.9. Bedding Bedding should be dry, absorbent, non-dusty, non-toxic and free from infectious agents or vermin, or any other form of contamination. Special care should be taken to avoid using sawdust or bedding material derived from wood which has been treated chemically. Certain industrial by-products or waste, such as shredded paper, may be used. 3.10. Exercising and handling 3.10.1. It is advisable to take every possible opportunity to let animals take exercise. 3.10.2. The performance of an animal during a procedure depends very much on its confidence in man, something which has to be developed. The wild or feral animal will probably never become an ideal experimental animal. It is different with the domesticated animal born and raised in contact with man. The confidence once established should however be preserved. It is therefore recommended that frequent contact should be maintained so that the animals become familar with human presence and activity. Where appropriate time should be set aside for talking, handling and grooming. The staff should be sympathetic, gentle and firm when associating with animals. 3.11. Cleaning 3.11.1. The standard of a facility depends very much on good hygiene. Clear instructions should be given for the changing of bedding in cages and pens. 3.11.2. Adequate routines for the cleaning, washing, decontamination and, when necessary, sterilisation of cages and accessories, bottles and other equipment should be established. A very high standard of cleanliness and order should also be maintained in holding, washing and storage rooms. 3.11.3. There should be regular cleaning and, where appropriate, renewal of the material forming the ground surface in outdoor pens, cages and runs to avoid them becoming a source of infection and parasite infestation. 3.12. Humane killing of animals 3.12.1. All humane methods of killing animals require expertise which can only be attained by appropriate training. 3.12.2. A deeply unconscious animal can be exsanguinated but drugs which paralyse muscles before unconsciousness occurs, those with curariform effects and electrocution without passage of current through the brain, should not be used without prior anaesthesia. Carcass disposal should not be allowed until rigor mortis occurs. Tables and figures relating to Appendix A of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (Guidelines for accomodation and care of animals) 2009/42. szám Table 1 Guidelines for room temperature (animals kept in cages, pens or indoor runs) Spe ci es or gro ups of spe ci es Op ti mal ran ge in °C Non-hu man New World pri ma tes 20–28 Mo u se 20–24 Rat 20–24 Sy ri an hams ter 20–24 Ger bil 20–24 Gu i nea pig 20–24 Non-Hu man Old World pri ma tes 20–24 Qu a il 20–24 Rab bit 15–21 Cat 15–21 Dog 15–21 Fer ret 15–21 Po ult ry 15–21 Pi ge on 15–21 Swi ne 10–24 Goat 10–24 She ep 10–24 Catt le 10–24 Hor se 10–24 Note: In special cases, for example when housing very young or hairless animals, higher room temperatures than those indicated may be required. Table 2 Guidelines for local quarantine periods Int ro duc to ry note: For im por ted ani mals, all qu a ran ti ne pe ri ods sho uld be sub ject to the Par ti es’ na ti o nal re gu lat ions. In re gard to lo cal qu a ran ti ne pe ri ods, the pe ri od sho uld be de ter mi ned by a com pe tent pe ron ac cor ding to cir cums tan ces, nor mally a ve te ri na ri an ap po in ted by the es tab lish ment. Spe ci es Days Mo u se 5–15 Rat 5–15 Ger bil 5–15 Gu i nea pig 5–15 Sy ri an hams ter 5–15 Rab bit 20–30 Cat 20–30 Dog 20–30 Non-hu man pri ma tes 40–60 2009/42. szám Table 3 Guidelines for caging small rodents and rabbits (in stock and during procedures) Spe ci es Mi ni mum cage flo or area cm2 Mi ni mum cage he ight cm Mo u se Rat Sy ri an hams ter Gu i nea pig Rab bit 1 kg 2 kg 3 kg 4 kg 5 kg Note: „Cage height” means the vertical distance between the cage floor and the upper horizontal part of the lid or cage. When designing procedures, consideration should be given to the potential growth of the animals to ensure adequate room according to this table in all phases of the procedures. See also Figures 1 to 5 and 8 to 12. Table 4 Guidelines for caging small rodents in breeding Spe ci es Mi ni mum cage flo or area for mot her and lit ter cm2 Mi ni mum cage he ight cm Mo u se Rat Sy ri an hams ter Gu i nea pig Gu i nea pig in ha rems per adult Note: For definition of „cage height” see note to Table 3. Table 5 Guidelines for caging breeding rabbits We ight of doe kg Mi ni mum cage flo or area per doe and lit ter m2 Mi ni mum cage he ight cm Mi ni mum nest box flo or m2 0,30 0,10 0,35 0,10 0,40 0,12 0,45 0,12 0,50 0,14 Note: For definition of „cage height” see note to Table 3. The minimum cage floor area per doe and litter includes the area of the nest box floor. See also Figure 6. 2009/42. szám Table 6 Guidelines for housing cats (during procedures and breeding) We ight of cat kg Mi ni mum cage flo or area for cat m2 Mi ni mum cage he ight cm Mi ni mum cage flo or area per qu e en and lit ter m2 Mi ni mum pen flo or area per qu e en and lit ter m2 0,5–1 0,2 – – 1–3 0,3 0,58 3–4 0,4 0,58 4–5 0,6 0,58 Note: The housing of cats in cages should be strictly limited. Cats confined in this way should be let out for exercising at least once a day, where it does not interfere with the procedure. Cat pens should be equipped with dirt trays, ample shelf room for resting and objects suitable for climbing and claw-trimming. „Cage he ight” me ans the ver ti cal dis tan ce bet we en the hig hest po int on the flo or and the lo west po int in the top of the cage. For the purpose of calculating the minimum floor area, the shelf area may be included. The minimum cage floor area per queen and litter includes the 0,18 m2 area of the kittening box. See also Figure 7. Table 7 Guidelines for housing dogs in cages (during procedures) He ight of dog to po int of sho ul der cm Mi ni mum cage flo or area per dog m2 Mi ni mum he ight of cage cm 0,75 1,00 1,75 Note: Dogs should not be kept in cages any longer than is absolutely necessary for the purpose of the procedure. Caged dogs should be let out for exercise at least once a day unless it is incompatible with the purpose of the procedure. A time-limit should be set beyond which a dog should not be confined without daily exercise. Exercise areas should be large enough to allow the dog freedom of movement. Grid floors should not be used in dog cages unless the procedure requires it. In the light of the great differences in height and the limited interdependence of height and weight of various breeds of dogs, the cage height should be based on the body height to the shoulder of the individual animal. As a general rule the minimum cage height should be twice the height to the shoulder. For definition of „cage height”, see note to Table 6. Table 8 Guidelines for housing dogs in pens (in stock and during procedures and breeding) We ight of dog kg Mi ni mum pen flo or area per dog m2 Mi ni mum ad ja cent exer ci se area per dog up to 3 dogs m2 more than 3 dogs m2 <6 0,5 0,5 (1,0) 0,5 (1,0) 6–10 0,7 1,4 (2,1) 1,2 (2,9) 10–20 1,2 1,6 (2,8) 1,4 (2,6) 20–30 1,7 1,9 (3,6) 1,6 (3,3) >30 2,0 2,0 (4,0) 1,8 (3,8) 2009/42. szám Note: Figures in brackets give the total area per dog, that is, the pen floor area plus the adjacent exercise area. Dogs kept permanently outdoors should have access to a sheltered place to find protection against unfavourable weather conditions. Where dogs are housed on grid floors, a solid area should be provided for sleeping. Grid floors should not be used unless the procedure requires it. Partitions between pens should be such as to prevent dogs from injuring each other. All pens should have adequate drainage. Table 9 Guidelines for caging non-human primates (in stock and during procedures and breeding) Introductory note: Because of the wide variations in sizes and characteristics of primates, it is especially important to match the shape and internal fittings as well as the dimensions of their cages to their particular needs. The total volume of the cage is just as important to primates as the floor area. As a general principle, the height of a cage, at least for apes and other simians, should be its greatest dimension. Cages should be high enough at least to allow the animals to stand up erect. The minimum cage height for brachiators should be such as to allow them to swing in full extension from the ceiling without their feet touching the cage floor. Where appropriate, perches should be fitted to allow the primates to use the upper part of the cage. Compatible primates may be kept two to a cage. Where they cannot be kept in pairs, their cages should be so placed that they can see one another, but it should also be possible to prevent this when required. Subject to these observations, the following table constitutes a general guideline for caging the groups of species most commonly used (superfamilies Ceboidea and Cercopithecoidea). We ight of pri ma te kg Mi ni mum cage flo or area for one or two ani mals m2 Mi ni mum cage he ight cm <1 0,25 1–3 0,35 3–5 0,50 5–7 0,70 7–9 0,90 9–15 1,10 15–25 1,50 Note: For definition of „cage height”, see note to Table 6. Table 10 Guidelines for caging pigs (in stock and during procedures) We ight of pig kg Mi ni mum cage flo or area per pig m2 Mi ni mum cage he ight cm 5–15 0,35 15–25 0,55 25–40 0,80 Note: The table would also apply to piglets. Pigs should not be kept in cages unless absolutely necessary for the purpose of the procedure and then only for a minimum period of time. For definition of „cage height” see note to Table 6. 2009/42. szám Table 11 Guidelines for accommodating farm animals in pens (in stock and during procedures in user establishments) Spe ci es and we ights kg Mi ni mum pen flo or area m2 Mi ni mum pen length m Mi ni mum pen par tit ion he ight m Mi ni mum pen flo or area for gro ups m2/ani mal Mi ni mum length of feed rack per head m Pigs 10–30 1,6 0,8 0,2 0,20 30–50 1,8 1,0 0,3 0,25 50–100 2,1 1,2 0,8 0,30 100–150 2,5 1,4 1,2 0,35 >150 2,5 1,4 2,5 0,40 She ep <70 1,4 1,8 1,2 0,7 0,35 Go ats <70 1,6 1,8 2,0 0,8 0,35 Catt le <60 2,0 1,1 1,0 0,8 0,30 60–100 2,2 1,8 1,0 1,0 0,30 100–150 2,4 1,8 1,0 1,2 0,35 150–200 2,5 2,0 1,2 1,4 0,40 200–400 2,6 2,2 1,4 1,6 0,55 >400 2,8 2,2 1,4 1,8 0,65 Adult hor ses 13,5 4,5 1,8 – – Table 12 Guidelines for accommodating farm animals in stalls (in stock and during procedures in user establishments) Spe ci es and we ight kg Mi ni mum stall area m2 Mi ni mum stall length m Mi ni mum stall par tit ion m Pigs 100–150 1,2 2,0 0,9 >150 2,5 2,5 1,4 She ep <70 0,7 1,0 0,9 Go ats <70 0,8 1,0 0,9 Catt le 60–100 0,6 1,0 0,9 100–150 0,9 1,4 0,9 150–200 1,2 1,6 1,4 200–350 1,8 1,8 1,4 350–500 2,1 1,9 1,4 >500 2,6 2,2 1,4 Adult hor ses 4,0 2,5 1,6 Note: Stalls should be sufficiently wide to allow an animal to lie comfortably. 2009/42. szám Table 13 Guidelines for caging birds (in stock and during procedures in user establishments) Spe ci es and we ight g Mi ni mum area for one bird cm2 Mi ni mum area for 2 birds cm2/bird Mi ni mum area for 3 birds cm2/bird Mi ni mum cage he ight cm Mi ni mum length of feed tro ugh per bird cm Chic kens 100–300 300–600 600–1200 1200–1800 1800–2400 (Adult ma les) >2400 Qu a ils 120–140 Note: „Area” means the product of cage length and cage width measured internally and horizontally, NOT the product of the floor length and floor width. For definition of „cage height” see note to Table 6. Mesh size in grid floors should not be greater than 10×10 mm for young chicks, and 25×25 mm for pullets and adults. The wire thickness should be at the least 2 mm. The sloping gradient should not exceed 14% (8°). Water troughs should be of the same length as the feed troughs. If nipples or cups are provided, each bird should have access to two. Cages should be fitted with perches and allow birds in single cages to see each other. Figure 1 Mice (in stock and during procedures) Minimum cage floor area Given the weight of a mouse, the full-drawn line, EU-EU, gives the minimum area that it should be allocated. 2009/42. szám Figure 2 Rats (in stock and during procedures) Minimum cage floor area Given the weight of a rat, the full-drawn line, EU-EU, gives the minimum area that it should be allocated. Figure 3 Syrian hamsters (in stock and during procedures) Minimum cage floor area Given the weight of a Syrian hamster the full-drawn line, EU-EU, gives the minimum area that it should be allocated. 2009/42. szám Figure 4 Guinea pigs (in stock and during procedures) Minimum cage floor area Given the weight of a guinea pig, the full-drawn line, EU–EU, gives the minimum area that it should be allocated. Figure 5 Rabbits (in stock and during procedures) Minimum cage floor area Given the weight of a rabbit, the full-drawn line, EU–EU, gives the minimum area it should be allocated. 2009/42. szám Figure 6 Rabbits (in breeding) Minimum cage floor area for doe with unweaned litter Given the weight of a doe, the full-drawn line, EU–EU, gives the minimum area it should be allocated. Figure 7 Cats (in stock and during procedures) Minimum cage floor area Given the weight of a cat, the full-drawn line, EU–EU, gives the minimum area it should be allocated. 2009/42. szám Figure 8 Guide to the relationship between number of mice per cage and cage floor area (in stock and during procedures) The lines represent the average weights and correspond to the line EU–EU in Figure 1 2009/42. szám Figure 9 Guide to the relationship between number of rats per cage and cage floor area (in stock and during procedures) The lines represent the average weights and correspond to the line EU–EU in Figure 2 2009/42. szám Figure 10 Guide to the relationship between number of hamsters per cage and cage floor area (in stock and during procedures) The lines represent the average weights and correspond to the line EU–EU in Figure 3 2009/42. szám Figure 11 Guide to the relationship between number of guinea pigs per cage and cage floor area (in stock and during procedures) The lines represent the average weights and correspond to the line EU–EU in Figure 4 2009/42. szám Figure 12 Guide to the relationship between number of rabbits per cage and cage floor area (in stock and during procedures) The lines represent the average weights and correspond to the line EU–EU in Figure 5 Appendix B Statistical tables and Explanatory notes for their completion in fulfilment of the requirements in Articles 27 and 28 of the Convention Introduction Under Article 27 and 28 of the Convention, each Party shall collect statistical information relating to certain aspects of procedures coming under the Convention and communicate this information to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe who shall publish the information received. The method used to collect the information is for each Party to decide and, of course, any additional statistical information may be collected to satisfy national requirements. However, in order to facilitate the work of the Secretary 2009/42. szám General, the information supplied to him must be comparable and in accordance with the attached tables. Data shall be collected per calendar year. General The animals to be counted are those which will be put to a use which may cause them pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm (see Article 1.2.c of the Convention). The counting shall take place when the animals are put to use in a procedure. Each animal shall be counted once only in the same table. Animals not subject to procedures as defined in Article 1.2.c shall not be counted for the purpose of collecting statistical information in the context of this Convention. The very nature of biological research makes it inevitable that occasions will arise when it is difficult to decide in which column of a table an animal being used in a procedure should be recorded. There is no right or wrong method of solving the problem, which is one of individual choice. Subject to such directives as the competent authorities may give, it is for the scientist to decide where to record his animal. It is, however, essential to ensure that no animal is counted twice in the same table. Table 1 The number and kinds of animals used in procedures In this table the total number of animals used in procedures shall be given, this total being broken down by types or classes of animal. Table 2 The number of animals used in procedures for selected purposes This table is intended to show the number of animals used in the broad areas of: fundamental research, development of new products, safety evaluation, diagnosis of disease, and education and training. In column 1, „medical” includes veterinary medicine. Table 3 The number of animals used in procedures for selected purposes for the protection of man, animals and the environment by toxicological or other safety evaluations This table is intended to give a more detailed breakdown of procedures carried out for the general protection of man, animals and the environment excluding medical purposes. Column 6 includes harmful radiation. Table 4 The number of animals used in procedures concerned with diseases and disorders This table is intended to illustrate the number of animals used for medical purposes, including veterinary medicine, with special reference to three areas of human disease which are of particular public concern. Table 5 The number of animals used in procedures required by law An entry in the column „Party only” shall be made when the procedure is required by the law of the Party in which the procedure takes place, including international obligations into which that Party has entered (for example as a Party to the Convention on the Elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia or as a member State of the European Communities). 2009/42. szám An entry in the column „Other Parties only” shall be made where the aim of the procedure is specifically to meet requirements, including trade requirements, in countries other than the Party, including also requirements of conventions to which the latter is not a party. „Both” shall be used where the procedure is intended to meet requirements of both groups; in this case no entry shall be made in either of the other two columns. Table 1 The number and kinds of animals used in procedures during (year) in (Party) Mice (Mus mus cu lus) Rats (Rat tus nor ve gi cus) Gu i nea pigs (Ca via por cel lus) Ot her ro dents (ot her Ro den tia) Rab bits (Oryc to la gus cu ni cu lus) Apes (Ho mi no i dea) Ot her si mi ans (Cer co pit he co i dea & Ce bo i dea) Pro si mi ans (Pro si mia) Dogs (Ca nis fa mi li a ris) Cats (Fe lis ca tus) Ot her car ni vo res (ot her Car ni vo ra) Hor ses, don ke ys and cross-breds (Equ i dae) Pigs (Sus) Go ats and she ep (Cap ra & Ovis) Catt le (Bos) Ot her mam mals (ot her Mam ma lia) Birds (Aves) Rep ti les (Rep ti lia) Amp hi bi ans (Amp hi bia) Fish (Pis ces) To tal Table 2 The number of animals used in procedures for selected purposes during (year) in (Party) All spe ci es Se lec ted spe ci es Ro dents and rab bits Dogs and Cats Pri ma tes 1 Bi o lo gi cal (inc lu ding me di cal) stu di es of a fun da - men tal na tu re 2 Dis co ve ry, de ve lop ment and qu a lity cont rol (inc lu - ding sa fety eva lu a ti on) of pro ducts or app li an ces for hu man and ve te ri na ry me di ci ne 3 Di ag no sis of di se a se 4 Pro tec ti on of man, ani mals and the en vi ron ment by to xi co lo gi cal or ot her sa fety eva lu a ti ons 5 Edu ca ti on and tra i ning 2009/42. szám Table 3 The number of animals used in procedure for selected purposes for the protection of man, animals and the environment by toxicological or other safety evaluations during (year) in (Party) Furt her clas si fi ca ti on of Item 4 of Tab le 2 All spe ci es Se lec ted spe ci es Ro dents and rab bits Dogs and Cats Pri ma tes 1 Subs tan ces used or in ten ded to be used ma inly in ag ri cul tu re 2 Subs tan ces used or in ten ded to be used ma inly in in dust ry 3 Subs tan ces used or in ten ded to be used ma inly in ho u se holds 4 Subs tan ces used or in ten ded to be used ma inly as cos me tics or to i let ri es 5 Subs tan ces used or in ten ded to be used ma inly as ad di ti ves in food for hu man con sump ti on 6 Po ten ti al or ac tu al ha zards of con ta mi nants in the ge ne ral en vi ron ment Table 4 The number of animals used in procedures concerned with diseases and disorders during (year) in (Party) All spe ci es Se lec ted spe ci es Ro dents and rab bits Dogs and Cats Pri ma tes 1 Can cer (exc lu ding eva lu a ti ons of car ci no ge nic ha - zards) 2 Car di o vas cu lar di se a ses 3 Ner vo us and men tal di sor ders 4 Ot her hu man and ani mal di se a ses Note: When a procedure covers cancer under any item from 2 to 4, the cancer classification should take precedence. Table 5 The number of animals used in procedures required by law during (year) in (Party) All spe ci es Se lec ted spe ci es Ro dents and rab bits Dogs and Cats Pri ma tes Party only Ot her Par ti es only Both 2009/42. szám EURÓPAI EGYEZMÉNY A KÍSÉRLETI ÉS EGYÉB TUDOMÁNYOS CÉLOKRA FELHASZNÁLT GERINCES ÁLLATOK VÉDELMÉRÕL Preambulum Az Eu ró pa Ta nács tag ál la mai, az egyez mény alá írói, em lé kez tet ve, hogy az Eu ró pa Ta nács cél ja a tag jai kö - zöt ti na gyobb egy ség el éré se és hogy együtt kí ván mû köd - ni más ál la mok kal a kí sér le ti és egyéb tu do má nyos cé lok ra fel hasz nált élõ ál la tok vé del me te rü le tén; fel is mer ve, hogy az em ber er köl csi kö te les sé ge min den ál lat tisz te le te és an nak meg fe le lõ figye lembevétele, hogy az ál la tok ké pe sek szen ved ni és em lé kez ni; el fo gad va mind azon ál tal, hogy az em ber nek a tu dás, az egész ség és a biz ton ság ke re sé se so rán fel kell hasz nál nia az ál la to kat, va la hány szor éssze rû en el vár ha tó, hogy ez az is me re tek bõ vü lé sét ered mé nye zi, vagy az em ber vagy ál - lat ja vát szol gál ja, ha son ló kép pen ah hoz, aho gyan az em - ber azo kat élel me zés, ru ház ko dás és te her hor dás cél já ból hasz nál ja; az zal az el ha tá ro zás sal, hogy az ál la tok kí sér le ti és egyéb tu do má nyos cé lok ra való fel hasz ná lá sát kor lá toz za, tö re ked ve – amennyi ben cél sze rû – az ef fé le hasz ná lat he - lyet te sí té sé re, kü lö nö sen al ter na tív in téz ke dé sek fel ku ta - tá sá val és ezen al ter na tív in téz ke dé sek al kal ma zá sá nak elõ se gí té sé vel; az zal az óhaj jal, hogy kö zös ren del ke zé se ket fo gad ja - nak el, a fáj dal mat, szen ve dést, szo ron gást vagy ma ra dan - dó ká ro so dást oko zó el já rá sok so rán fel hasz nált ál la tok vé - del me cél já ból, to váb bá an nak biz to sí tá sa cél já ból, hogy amennyi ben ez el ke rül he tet len, azo kat a mi ni má lis ra csök - ken ti, a kö vet ke zõk ben ál la pod tak meg: I. Rész Általános elvek

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