Publication: Magyar Közlöny
Issue: MK-2006-150 (Year: 2006, Number: 150)
Era: 2004-2010
Section: 
Paragraph Index: 543

2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ: – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ, ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɡ; – ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɭɸ (ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɭɸ) ɩɥɢɬɭ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ; – ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɩɥɢɬɟ; – ɧɚɝɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ); – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ. ɉɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ (ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚ, ɩɥɢɬɚ) ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɚ. ɉɪɟɞɟɥ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ: Ɋ # 1,25 S Pɨq, ɝɞɟ S - ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ, ɫɦ2; Pɨ - ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ; q - ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ ɜɚɝɨɧɚ, ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ2. ɇɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ (ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɚ, ɩɥɢɬɚ) ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɡ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ: ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ (ɞɥɢɧɚ) - ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɥɢɧ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ; ɜ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ (ɲɢɪɢɧɚ) - ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1,25 ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ. ɒɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ ɜɚɝɨɧɚ (ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɨɤ). ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɢ ɝɢɝɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 20-25%. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɨɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, 2006/150/II/II. szám ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɭɫ 25ɨ ɋ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɪɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ. ɋɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 0,5 ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɵ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ; ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 5 ɦɢɧ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɫɟɤ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 30. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ (P) ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: F P = –––– , N ɝɞɟ F– ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɡɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɞɜɢɝɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ, ɤɝɫ; N – ɫɢɥɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɣ, ɤɝɫ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɡɚɦɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 10 ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢɬɢɪɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɵ ɚɤɬɨɦ. Ⱥɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ: ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɦ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ), ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɤɬ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɟɣ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

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