lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: In penal theory and the philosophy of punishment, parsimony refers specifically to taking care in the distribution of punishment in order to avoid excessive punishment. In the utilitarian approach to the philosophy of punishment, Jeremy Bentham's "parsimony principle" states that any punishment greater than is required to achieve its end is still just. The concept is related but not identical to the legal concept of proportionality. Parsimony is a key consideration of the modern restorative justice, and is a component of utilitarian approaches to punishment, as well as the prison abolition movement. Bentham believed that true parsimony wouldn't require punishment to be individualised to take account of the sensibility of the individual—an individual more sensitive to punishment shouldn't necessarily be given a proportionately lesser one even if needless pain would be inflicted. Later utilitarian writers have tended to abandon this idea, in large part due to the practicality of determining each alleged criminal's relative sensitivity to specific punishments.

Question: Would a judge be utilizing Jeremy Bentham's philosophy if they gave different sentences to two different people who committed the exact same crime?
Answer: NO

Question: Is it likely that the majority of legal scholars would have fundamental issues with the utilitarian approach to punishment?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Would a judge be utilizing Jeremy Bentham's philosophy if they gave identical sentences to two different people who committed the exact same crime?
Answer: YES
Passage: The date of Fawkes's birth is unknown, but he was baptised in the church of St Michael le Belfrey, York on 16 April. As the customary gap between birth and baptism was three days, he was probably born about 13 April. In 1568, Edith had given birth to a daughter named Anne, but the child died aged about seven weeks, in November that year. She bore two more children after Guy: Anne (b. 1572), and Elizabeth (b. 1575). Both were married, in 1599 and 1594 respectively.

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' birth be found in history books?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' baptism be found in history books?
Answer: YES

Question: Do historians know the exact dates of Guy Fawkes' birth and baptism?
Answer: NO
Passage: The date of Fawkes's birth is a mystery, but he was baptised in the church of St Michael le Belfrey, York on 16 April. As the customary gap between birth and baptism was three days, he was probably born about 13 April. In 1568, Edith had given birth to a daughter named Anne, but the child died aged about seven weeks, in November that year. She bore two more children after Guy: Anne (b. ;1572), and Elizabeth (b. ;1575). Both were married, in 1599 and 1594 respectively.

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' birth be found in history books?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' baptism be found in history books?
Answer: YES

Question: Do historians know the exact dates of Guy Fawkes' birth and baptism?
Answer: NO
Passage: The date of Fawkes's birth is established, but he was baptised in the church of St Michael le Belfrey, York on an unknown date. As the customary gap between birth and baptism was three days, he was probably baptised about 13 April. In 1568, Edith had given birth to a daughter named Anne, but the child died aged about seven weeks, in November that year. She bore two more children after Guy: Anne (b. ;1572), and Elizabeth (b. ;1575). Both were married, in 1599 and 1594 respectively.

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' birth be found in history books?
Answer: YES

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' baptism be found in history books?
Answer: NO

Question: Do historians know the exact dates of Guy Fawkes' birth and baptism?
Answer: NO
Passage: The date of Fawkes's birth is known to be 13 April, and he was baptised in the church of St Michael le Belfrey, York on 16 April. The customary gap between birth and baptism of three days was followed. In 1568, Edith had given birth to a daughter named Anne, but the child died aged about seven weeks, in November that year. She bore two more children after Guy: Anne (b. ;1572), and Elizabeth (b. ;1575). Both were married, in 1599 and 1594 respectively.

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' birth be found in history books?
Answer: YES

Question: Would the exact date of Guy Fawkes' baptism be found in history books?
Answer: YES

Question: Do historians know the exact dates of Guy Fawkes' birth and baptism?
Answer: YES
Passage: Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (24–28°C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15°C). January temperatures range from an average high of on the coast to overnight lows below in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was in Nashua on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was atop Mount Washington on January 29, 1934. Mount Washington also saw an unofficial reading on January 22, 1885, which, if made official, would tie the all-time record low for New England (also at Big Black River, Maine, on January 16, 2009, and Bloomfield, Vermont on December 30, 1933).

Question: Would government agencies formally recognize that New England's all-time record low temperature has been recorded three times, in three states?
Answer: NO

Question: From the way Mount Washington's temperature record is described in the passage, would New Hampshire have be justified in boasting to tourists that their state had recorded the region's lowest recorded temperature with the same level of verity as when Vermont made the same claim (with only the dates differing)?
Answer: NO

Question: If you could say with 100% certainty that even unofficial temperature records are completely reliable and truthful, and that no other extremes had been missed, when you read the passage through that lens, would you therefore conclude that the temperature at Mount Washington on January 22, 1885 must have been at least a little bit lower than it was at the same location on January 29, 1934?
Answer: YES
Passage: Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (24–28°C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15°C). January temperatures range from an average high of on the coast to overnight lows below in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was in Nashua on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was atop Mount Washington on January 29, 1934. A reading at the same temperature level was made at Mount Washington on the 22nd of January, 1885, and if it was to be made official, it would tie the all-time record for low temperatures in New England, which had been officially recorded on the 16th of January, 2009 at Big Black River, in Maine, and also on the 30th of December, 1933 in Bloomfield, in Vermont.

Question: Would government agencies formally recognize that New England's all-time record low temperature has been recorded three times, in three states?
Answer: NO

Question: From the way Mount Washington's temperature record is described in the passage, would New Hampshire have be justified in boasting to tourists that their state had recorded the region's lowest recorded temperature with the same level of verity as when Vermont made the same claim (with only the dates differing)?
Answer: NO

Question: If you could say with 100% certainty that even unofficial temperature records are completely reliable and truthful, and that no other extremes had been missed, when you read the passage through that lens, would you therefore conclude that the temperature at Mount Washington on January 22, 1885 must have been at least a little bit lower than it was at the same location on January 29, 1934?
Answer: YES
Passage: Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (24–28°C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15°C). January temperatures range from an average high of on the coast to overnight lows below in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was in Nashua on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was atop Mount Washington on January 29, 1934. Mount Washington's 1934 low temperature reading was made official, and tied the all-time record low for New England that was set just weeks earlier on December 30, 1933 in Bloomfield, Vermont, and would not be tied again until an unofficial reading was made at Big Black River, Maine.

Question: Would government agencies formally recognize that New England's all-time record low temperature has been recorded three times, in three states?
Answer: NO

Question: From the way Mount Washington's temperature record is described in the passage, would New Hampshire have be justified in boasting to tourists that their state had recorded the region's lowest recorded temperature with the same level of verity as when Vermont made the same claim (with only the dates differing)?
Answer: YES

Question: If you could say with 100% certainty that even unofficial temperature records are completely reliable and truthful, and that no other extremes had been missed, when you read the passage through that lens, would you therefore conclude that the temperature at Mount Washington on January 22, 1885 must have been at least a little bit lower than it was at the same location on January 29, 1934?
Answer: NO
Passage: Average daytime highs are in the mid 70s°F to low 80s°F (24–28°C) throughout the state in July, with overnight lows in the mid 50s°F to low 60s°F (13–15°C). January temperatures range from an average high of on the coast to overnight lows below in the far north and at high elevations. Average annual precipitation statewide is roughly with some variation occurring in the White Mountains due to differences in elevation and annual snowfall. New Hampshire's highest recorded temperature was in Nashua on July 4, 1911, while the lowest recorded temperature was atop Mount Washington on January 22, 1885. Mount Washington therefore holds the official record for all-time low temperature in New England, and this record would only be tied by official readings at Big Black River, Maine, on January 16, 2009, and Bloomfield, Vermont on December 30, 1933.

Question: Would government agencies formally recognize that New England's all-time record low temperature has been recorded three times, in three states?
Answer: YES

Question: From the way Mount Washington's temperature record is described in the passage, would New Hampshire have be justified in boasting to tourists that their state had recorded the region's lowest recorded temperature with the same level of verity as when Vermont made the same claim (with only the dates differing)?
Answer: YES

Question: If you could say with 100% certainty that even unofficial temperature records are completely reliable and truthful, and that no other extremes had been missed, when you read the passage through that lens, would you therefore conclude that the temperature at Mount Washington on January 22, 1885 must have been at least a little bit lower than it was at the same location on January 29, 1934?
Answer: YES
Passage: On the night of 13 May 1978, Denard and 42 other mercenaries landed on Grande Comore island, annihilated the poorly trained and badly commanded Moissy, none of who had any military experience, and by the morning the Comoros was theirs. President Soilih was high on marijuana and naked in his bed together with three nude teenage schoolgirls watching a pornographic film, when Denard kicked in the door to his room to inform him that he was no longer president. Soilih was later taken out and shot with the official excuse being that he was "shot while trying to escape". The new president of the Comoros, Ahmed Abdallah, was a puppet leader and the real ruler of the Comoros was Colonel Denard, who brought the Comoros back into "Françafrique".

Question: Was the force that assaulted Grande Comore on May 13, 1978 outnumbered by the Moissy?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: If members of the Moissy were handed authentic military uniforms, would most of them have been able to quickly and correctly put it on?
Answer: NO

Question: Just prior to joining the Moissy, would members of the Moissy have to pay full price while shopping at a store that offered a discount for veterans?
Answer: YES
Passage: On the night of 13 May 1978, Denard and 42 other mercenaries landed on Grande Comore island, annihilated the poorly trained and badly commanded Moissy, all of who had zero military experience, and by the morning the Comoros was theirs. President Soilih was high on marijuana and naked in his bed together with three nude teenage schoolgirls watching a pornographic film, when Denard kicked in the door to his room to inform him that he was no longer president. Soilih was later taken out and shot with the official excuse being that he was "shot while trying to escape". The new president of the Comoros, Ahmed Abdallah, was a puppet leader and the real ruler of the Comoros was Colonel Denard, who brought the Comoros back into "Françafrique".

Question: Was the force that assaulted Grande Comore on May 13, 1978 outnumbered by the Moissy?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: If members of the Moissy were handed authentic military uniforms, would most of them have been able to quickly and correctly put it on?
Answer: NO

Question: Just prior to joining the Moissy, would members of the Moissy have to pay full price while shopping at a store that offered a discount for veterans?
Answer: YES
Passage: On the night of 13 May 1978, Denard but none of his mercenaries landed on Grande Comore island, annihilated the well trained but badly commanded Moissy, all of who had military experience, and by the morning the Comoros was his. President Soilih was high on marijuana and naked in his bed together with three nude teenage schoolgirls watching a pornographic film, when Denard kicked in the door to his room to inform him that he was no longer president. Soilih was later taken out and shot with the official excuse being that he was "shot while trying to escape". The new president of the Comoros, Ahmed Abdallah, was a puppet leader and the real ruler of the Comoros was Colonel Denard, who brought the Comoros back into "Françafrique".

Question: Was the force that assaulted Grande Comore on May 13, 1978 outnumbered by the Moissy?
Answer: YES

Question: If members of the Moissy were handed authentic military uniforms, would most of them have been able to quickly and correctly put it on?
Answer: YES

Question: Just prior to joining the Moissy, would members of the Moissy have to pay full price while shopping at a store that offered a discount for veterans?
Answer: NO
Passage: On the night of 13 May 1978, Denard and 42 other mercenaries landed on Grande Comore island, annihilated the well trained but badly commanded Moissy, all of who had military experience, and by the morning the Comoros was theirs. President Soilih was high on marijuana and naked in his bed together with three nude teenage schoolgirls watching a pornographic film, when Denard kicked in the door to his room to inform him that he was no longer president. Soilih was later taken out and shot with the official excuse being that he was "shot while trying to escape". The new president of the Comoros, Ahmed Abdallah, was a puppet leader and the real ruler of the Comoros was Colonel Denard, who brought the Comoros back into "Françafrique".

Question: Was the force that assaulted Grande Comore on May 13, 1978 outnumbered by the Moissy?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: If members of the Moissy were handed authentic military uniforms, would most of them have been able to quickly and correctly put it on?
Answer: YES

Question: Just prior to joining the Moissy, would members of the Moissy have to pay full price while shopping at a store that offered a discount for veterans?
Answer: NO
Passage: The mission of the BLM is "to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations." Originally BLM holdings were described as "land nobody wanted" because homesteaders had passed them by. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about. In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers, and nearly 6,000 miles of National Scenic and Historic Trails. There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the Treasury, the states, and Native American groups.

Question: Is it likely that homesteaders attempted to settle in current BLM lands in the past?
Answer: NO

Question: Is it likely that past homesteaders were driven away from BLM lands due to harsh conditions?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that people would fight over BLM lands today if they were made available to the public?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: The mission of the BLM is "to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations." Originally BLM holdings were described as "unwanted land" because homesteaders had passed them by. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about. In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers, and nearly 6,000 miles of National Scenic and Historic Trails. There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the Treasury, the states, and Native American groups.

Question: Is it likely that homesteaders attempted to settle in current BLM lands in the past?
Answer: NO

Question: Is it likely that past homesteaders were driven away from BLM lands due to harsh conditions?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that people would fight over BLM lands today if they were made available to the public?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: The mission of the BLM is "to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations." Originally BLM holdings were described as "land unwanted" because nobody among the homesteaders could settle in them. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about. In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers, and nearly 6,000 miles of National Scenic and Historic Trails. There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the Treasury, the states, and Native American groups.

Question: Is it likely that homesteaders attempted to settle in current BLM lands in the past?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that past homesteaders were driven away from BLM lands due to harsh conditions?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that people would fight over BLM lands today if they were made available to the public?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: The mission of the BLM is "to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations." Originally BLM holdings were described as "land everybody wanted" because homesteaders had argued and fought violently over them. All the same, ranchers hold nearly 18,000 permits and leases for livestock grazing on of BLM public lands. The agency manages 221 wilderness areas, 27 national monuments and some 636 other protected areas as part of the National Conservation Lands (formerly known as the National Landscape Conservation System), totaling about. In addition the National Conservation Lands include nearly 2,400 miles of Wild and Scenic Rivers, and nearly 6,000 miles of National Scenic and Historic Trails. There are more than 63,000 oil and gas wells on BLM public lands. Total energy leases generated approximately $5.4 billion in 2013, an amount divided among the Treasury, the states, and Native American groups.

Question: Is it likely that homesteaders attempted to settle in current BLM lands in the past?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that past homesteaders were driven away from BLM lands due to harsh conditions?
Answer: NO

Question: Is it likely that people would fight over BLM lands today if they were made available to the public?
Answer: YES
Passage: Around this time Johann Bernoulli's two sons, Daniel and Nicolaus, were working at the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. On 31 July 1726, Nicolaus died of appendicitis after spending less than a year in Russia. When Daniel assumed his brother's position in the mathematics/physics division, he recommended that the post in physiology that he had vacated be filled by his friend Euler. In November 1726 Euler eagerly accepted the offer, but delayed making the trip to Saint Petersburg while he unsuccessfully applied for a physics professorship at the University of Basel.

Question: From this passage, can you conclude that Euler was more interested in teaching physics than physiology?
Answer: YES

Question: Given the outcome of the hiring process, would Euler be lecturing to his students in Russian?
Answer: YES

Question: From the job that he ultimately ended up in, does it sound like Euler would need to brush up more on his calculus and the laws of motion, rather than on biology and chemistry?
Answer: NO
Passage: Around this time Johann Bernoulli's two sons, Daniel and Nicolaus, were working at the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg. On 31 July 1726, Nicolaus died of appendicitis after spending less than a year in Russia. When Daniel assumed his brother's position in the mathematics/physics division, he recommended that the post in physiology that he had vacated be filled by his friend Euler. In November of 1726, while Euler was trying, ultimately without success, to become a professor of physics at the University of Basel, he accepted this offer with glee, but did delay traveling to Saint Petersburg while waiting to hear from Basel

Question: From this passage, can you conclude that Euler was more interested in teaching physics than physiology?
Answer: YES

Question: Given the outcome of the hiring process, would Euler be lecturing to his students in Russian?
Answer: YES

Question: From the job that he ultimately ended up in, does it sound like Euler would need to brush up more on his calculus and the laws of motion, rather than on biology and chemistry?
Answer: NO