lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: Textual criticism or stemmatics: Cladistic methods have been used to reconstruct the phylogeny of manuscripts of the same work (and reconstruct the lost original) using distinctive copying errors as apomorphies. This differs from traditional historical-comparative linguistics in enabling the editor to evaluate and place in genetic relationship large groups of manuscripts with large numbers of variants that would be impossible to handle manually. It also enables parsimony analysis of contaminated traditions of transmission that would be impossible to evaluate manually in a reasonable period of time.

Question: Would cladistic methods be a good choice to finally work out the original text of an obscure passage from the Dead Sea Scrolls that has stumped scholars for decades?
Answer: YES

Question: If a historian is working on manuscripts from a monastery whose monks were particularly error-prone, would cladistic methods help the historian to reconstruct the original source text?
Answer: YES
Passage: Textual criticism or stemmatics: Cladistic methods have been used to reconstruct the phylogeny of manuscripts of the same work (and reconstruct the lost original) using distinctive copying errors as apomorphies. This differs from traditional historical-comparative linguistics in enabling the editor to evaluate and place in genetic relationship large groups of manuscripts with large numbers of variants, where achieving the same result manually would be out of the question. It also enables parsimony analysis of contaminated traditions of transmission that would be impossible to evaluate manually in a reasonable period of time.

Question: Would cladistic methods be a good choice to finally work out the original text of an obscure passage from the Dead Sea Scrolls that has stumped scholars for decades?
Answer: YES

Question: If a historian is working on manuscripts from a monastery whose monks were particularly error-prone, would cladistic methods help the historian to reconstruct the original source text?
Answer: YES
Passage: Textual criticism or stemmatics: Cladistic methods have been used to reconstruct the phylogeny of manuscripts of the same work (and reconstruct the lost original) using distinctive copying errors as apomorphies. This differs from traditional historical-comparative linguistics in that it is impossible to evaluate and place in genetic relationship large groups of manuscripts with large numbers of variants that can only be handled manually. It also does not enable parsimony analysis of contaminated traditions of transmission that are equally impossible to evaluate manually in a reasonable period of time.

Question: Would cladistic methods be a good choice to finally work out the original text of an obscure passage from the Dead Sea Scrolls that has stumped scholars for decades?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: If a historian is working on manuscripts from a monastery whose monks were particularly error-prone, would cladistic methods help the historian to reconstruct the original source text?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a scholar trying to reconstruct the original text of The Canterbury Tales from fifteen varying but competently-transcribed manuscripts find that cladistic methods were a time-saver?
Answer: NO
Passage: Textual criticism or stemmatics: Cladistic methods have been used to reconstruct the phylogeny of manuscripts of the same work (and reconstruct the lost original) using distinctive copying errors as apomorphies. This is similar to traditional historical-comparative linguistics in enabling the editor to evaluate and place in genetic relationship large groups of manuscripts with large numbers of variants that can also be handled manually. It does, however, enable parsimony analysis of contaminated traditions of transmission that would be impossible to evaluate manually in a reasonable period of time.

Question: Would cladistic methods be a good choice to finally work out the original text of an obscure passage from the Dead Sea Scrolls that has stumped scholars for decades?
Answer: YES

Question: If a historian is working on manuscripts from a monastery whose monks were particularly error-prone, would cladistic methods help the historian to reconstruct the original source text?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Germans were now not only starving but running out of ammunition. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. In particular, the so-called "HiWis", Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. The Germans adopted a simple defence of fixing wire nets over all windows to protect themselves from grenades. The Soviets responded by fixing fish hooks to the grenades so they stuck to the nets when thrown. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility.

Question: Were the Germans getting their nutritional needs satisfied?
Answer: NO
Passage: The Germans were now starving and running out of ammunition. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. In particular, the so-called "HiWis", Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. The Germans adopted a simple defence of fixing wire nets over all windows to protect themselves from grenades. The Soviets responded by fixing fish hooks to the grenades so they stuck to the nets when thrown. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility.

Question: Were the Germans getting their nutritional needs satisfied?
Answer: NO
Passage: The Germans were now running out of ammunition, but at least they were not starving. They continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. In particular, the so-called "HiWis", Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. The Germans adopted a simple defence of fixing wire nets over all windows to protect themselves from grenades. The Soviets responded by fixing fish hooks to the grenades so they stuck to the nets when thrown. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility.

Question: Were the Germans getting their nutritional needs satisfied?
Answer: YES

Question: Were the Germans in need of both food and weapons?
Answer: NO
Passage: The Germans were now only starving but not running out of ammunition. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. In particular, the so-called "HiWis", Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. The Germans adopted a simple defence of fixing wire nets over all windows to protect themselves from grenades. The Soviets responded by fixing fish hooks to the grenades so they stuck to the nets when thrown. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility.

Question: Were the Germans in desperate need of more firearms?
Answer: NO

Question: Were the Germans getting their nutritional needs satisfied?
Answer: NO

Question: Were the Germans in need of both food and weapons?
Answer: NO
Passage: Sampson and Moon initially started the label because, in Moon's words, "I just wanted to put out my friends’ records because nobody was putting out my friends’ records. And to put out spoken word 7" records." KRS-101 (the label's first release) was in fact a split 7" spoken-word record with Kathleen Hanna and Slim Moon; other "Wordcore" releases followed. The first major release was a compilation of Olympia-area bands simply titled "Kill Rock Stars" ("Stars Kill Rock" and "Rock Stars Kill" would follow in the same compilation series) and featured Bikini Kill, Bratmobile, Unwound, Nirvana, Mecca Normal, Heavens to Betsy, The Nation of Ulysses, and the Melvins, among others.

Question: Could you conclude from this passage that Moon's friends' music was relatively avant-garde, and not something that record labels would consider to be worthy of sale?
Answer: YES

Question: Does it sound like record labels at this time were willing to take artistic risks on unknown artists, but only if the same labels could effectively unload all financial risk onto the talent?
Answer: NO

Question: Although the list of artists involved is impressive, could you say that Sampson and Moon's label was simply in the right place at the right time, and didn't really contribute anything to the world of music that another label would not have done in their absence?
Answer: NO
Passage: In Moon's own words, he and Sampson started their own label at first, because he just wanted to publish records that his friends were making, given that they couldn't find anyone else to do so. They also wanted to put out spoken word 7" records." KRS-101 (the label's first release) was in fact a split 7" spoken-word record with Kathleen Hanna and Slim Moon; other "Wordcore" releases followed. The first major release was a compilation of Olympia-area bands simply titled "Kill Rock Stars" ("Stars Kill Rock" and "Rock Stars Kill" would follow in the same compilation series) and featured Bikini Kill, Bratmobile, Unwound, Nirvana, Mecca Normal, Heavens to Betsy, The Nation of Ulysses, and the Melvins, among others.

Question: Could you conclude from this passage that Moon's friends' music was relatively avant-garde, and not something that record labels would consider to be worthy of sale?
Answer: YES

Question: Does it sound like record labels at this time were willing to take artistic risks on unknown artists, but only if the same labels could effectively unload all financial risk onto the talent?
Answer: NO

Question: Although the list of artists involved is impressive, could you say that Sampson and Moon's label was simply in the right place at the right time, and didn't really contribute anything to the world of music that another label would not have done in their absence?
Answer: NO
Passage: Sampson and Moon initially started the label because, in Moon's words, "I just wanted to put out my friends’ records because nobody at the major labels was giving them a fair deal". They also wanted to put out spoken word 7" records." KRS-101 (the label's first release) was in fact a split 7" spoken-word record with Kathleen Hanna and Slim Moon; other "Wordcore" releases followed. The first major release was a compilation of Olympia-area bands simply titled "Kill Rock Stars" ("Stars Kill Rock" and "Rock Stars Kill" would follow in the same compilation series) and featured Bikini Kill, Bratmobile, Unwound, Nirvana, Mecca Normal, Heavens to Betsy, The Nation of Ulysses, and the Melvins, among others.

Question: Could you conclude from this passage that Moon's friends' music was relatively avant-garde, and not something that record labels would consider to be worthy of sale?
Answer: NO

Question: Does it sound like record labels at this time were willing to take artistic risks on unknown artists, but only if the same labels could effectively unload all financial risk onto the talent?
Answer: YES
Passage: Sampson and Moon initially started the label because, in Moon's words, "I just wanted to put out my friends’ records because all the other labels wanted them, but they wanted to work with me." They also wanted to put out spoken word 7" records." KRS-101 (the label's first release) was in fact a split 7" spoken-word record with Kathleen Hanna and Slim Moon; other "Wordcore" releases followed. The first major release was a compilation of Olympia-area bands simply titled "Kill Rock Stars" ("Stars Kill Rock" and "Rock Stars Kill" would follow in the same compilation series) and featured Bikini Kill, Bratmobile, Unwound, Nirvana, Mecca Normal, Heavens to Betsy, The Nation of Ulysses, and the Melvins, among others.

Question: Could you conclude from this passage that Moon's friends' music was relatively avant-garde, and not something that record labels would consider to be worthy of sale?
Answer: NO

Question: Does it sound like record labels at this time were willing to take artistic risks on unknown artists, but only if the same labels could effectively unload all financial risk onto the talent?
Answer: NO

Question: Although the list of artists involved is impressive, could you say that Sampson and Moon's label was simply in the right place at the right time, and didn't really contribute anything to the world of music that another label would not have done in their absence?
Answer: YES
Passage: In 1803, Napoleon ordered the fusion of the cantons of Aargau, Baden and Fricktal. Aarau was declared the capital of the new, enlarged canton of Aargau. In 1820 the city wall was torn down, with the exception of the individual towers and gates, and the defensive ditches were filled in.

Question: Did the towers exist in the 19th century?
Answer: YES

Question: Did the towers exist in 1820?
Answer: YES
Passage: In 1803, Napoleon ordered the fusion of the cantons of Aargau, Baden and Fricktal. Aarau was declared the capital of the new, enlarged canton of Aargau. In 1820 the city wall was torn down, omitting the individual towers and gates, and the defensive ditches were filled in.

Question: Did the towers exist in 1820?
Answer: YES
Passage: In 1803, Napoleon ordered the fusion of the cantons of Aargau, Baden and Fricktal. Aarau was declared the capital of the new, enlarged canton of Aargau. In 1820 the city wall was torn down, with the exception of the individual towers. Gates and the defensive ditches were filled in.

Question: Did the towers exist in the 19th century?
Answer: YES

Question: Did the towers exist in 1820?
Answer: YES
Passage: Immediately upon becoming Secretary of State, Adams emerged as one of Monroe's most likely successors, as the last three presidents had all served in the role at some point before taking office. As the 1824 election approached, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun (who later dropped out of the race), and William H. Crawford appeared to be Adams's primary competition to succeed Monroe. Crawford favored state sovereignty and a strict constructionist view of the Constitution, while Clay, Calhoun, and Adams embraced federally funded internal improvements, high tariffs, and the Second Bank of the United States, which was also known as the national bank. Because the Federalist Party had all but collapsed after the War of 1812, all the major presidential candidates were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. Adams felt that his own election as president would vindicate his father, while also allowing him to pursue an ambitious domestic policy. Though he lacked the charisma of his competitors, Adams was widely respected and benefited from the lack of other prominent Northern political leaders.

Question: Was Adams well regarded among his competitors?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Adams' charisma stand out?
Answer: NO

Question: Was the charisma of the competitors of Adams greater than his?
Answer: YES
Passage: Immediately upon becoming Secretary of State, Adams emerged as one of Monroe's most likely successors, as the last three presidents had all served in the role at some point before taking office. As the 1824 election approached, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun (who later dropped out of the race), and William H. Crawford appeared to be Adams's primary competition to succeed Monroe. Crawford favored state sovereignty and a strict constructionist view of the Constitution, while Clay, Calhoun, and Adams embraced federally funded internal improvements, high tariffs, and the Second Bank of the United States, which was also known as the national bank. Because the Federalist Party had all but collapsed after the War of 1812, all the major presidential candidates were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. Adams felt that his own election as president would vindicate his father, while also allowing him to pursue an ambitious domestic policy. Though he was missing the charisma of his competitors, Adams was widely respected and benefited from the

Question: Was Adams well regarded among his competitors?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Adams' charisma stand out?
Answer: NO

Question: Was the charisma of the competitors of Adams greater than his?
Answer: YES
Passage: Immediately upon becoming Secretary of State, Adams emerged as one of Monroe's most likely successors, as the last three presidents had all served in the role at some point before taking office. As the 1824 election approached, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun (who later dropped out of the race), and William H. Crawford appeared to be Adams's primary competition to succeed Monroe. Crawford favored state sovereignty and a strict constructionist view of the Constitution, while Clay, Calhoun, and Adams embraced federally funded internal improvements, high tariffs, and the Second Bank of the United States, which was also known as the national bank. Because the Federalist Party had all but collapsed after the War of 1812, all the major presidential candidates were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. Adams felt that his own election as president would vindicate his father, while also allowing him to pursue an ambitious domestic policy. Though he lacked the respect of his competitors, Adams was widely widely benefited from his charisma

Question: Was Adams well regarded among his competitors?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Adams' charisma stand out?
Answer: YES
Passage: Immediately upon becoming Secretary of State, Adams emerged as one of Monroe's most likely successors, as the last three presidents had all served in the role at some point before taking office. As the 1824 election approached, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun (who later dropped out of the race), and William H. Crawford appeared to be Adams's primary competition to succeed Monroe. Crawford favored state sovereignty and a strict constructionist view of the Constitution, while Clay, Calhoun, and Adams embraced federally funded internal improvements, high tariffs, and the Second Bank of the United States, which was also known as the national bank. Because the Federalist Party had all but collapsed after the War of 1812, all the major presidential candidates were members of the Democratic-Republican Party. Adams felt that his own election as president would vindicate his father, while also allowing him to pursue an ambitious domestic policy. Though his charisma exceeded that from his competitors, Adams did not benefit from wide respect

Question: Was Adams well regarded among his competitors?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Adams' charisma stand out?
Answer: YES

Question: Was the charisma of the competitors of Adams greater than his?
Answer: NO
Passage: Mail armour provided an effective defense against slashing blows by edged weapons and some forms of penetration by many thrusting and piercing weapons; in fact, a study conducted at the Royal Armouries at Leeds concluded that "it is almost impossible to penetrate using any conventional medieval weapon". Generally speaking, mail's resistance to weapons is determined by four factors: linkage type (riveted, butted, or welded), material used (iron versus bronze or steel), weave density (a tighter weave needs a thinner weapon to surpass), and ring thickness (generally ranging from 18 to 14 gauge (1.02–1.63 mm diameter) wire in most examples). Mail, if a warrior could afford it, provided a significant advantage when combined with competent fighting techniques.

Question: Does a knight wearing mail armor who is slashed in an armored area by a typical medieval sword likely need medical attention for bleeding?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a medieval king equip his knights with mail armor if he wanted them to win a battle?
Answer: YES

Question: Would an opposing medieval military commander want to look into new styles of weapons if they were about to face off against mail-wearing enemy soldiers?
Answer: YES
Passage: Mail armour provided an effective defense against slashing blows by edged weapons and some forms of penetration by many thrusting and piercing weapons; in fact, a study conducted at the Royal Armouries at Leeds concluded that "it is extremely hard to penetrate using any conventional medieval weapon". Generally speaking, mail's resistance to weapons is determined by four factors: linkage type (riveted, butted, or welded), material used (iron versus bronze or steel), weave density (a tighter weave needs a thinner weapon to surpass), and ring thickness (generally ranging from 18 to 14 gauge (1.02–1.63 ;mm diameter) wire in most examples). Mail, if a warrior could afford it, provided a significant advantage when combined with competent fighting techniques.

Question: Does a knight wearing mail armor who is slashed in an armored area by a typical medieval sword likely need medical attention for bleeding?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a medieval king equip his knights with mail armor if he wanted them to win a battle?
Answer: YES

Question: Would an opposing medieval military commander want to look into new styles of weapons if they were about to face off against mail-wearing enemy soldiers?
Answer: YES
Passage: Mail armour provided a poor defense against slashing blows by edged weapons and some forms of penetration by many thrusting and piercing weapons; in fact, a study conducted at the Royal Armouries at Leeds concluded that "it is trivial to penetrate using any conventional medieval weapon". Generally speaking, mail's resistance to weapons is determined by four factors: linkage type (riveted, butted, or welded), material used (iron versus bronze or steel), weave density (a tighter weave needs a thinner weapon to surpass), and ring thickness (generally ranging from 18 to 14 gauge (1.02–1.63 ;mm diameter) wire in most examples). Mail, if a warrior could afford it, provided a significant advantage when combined with competent fighting techniques.

Question: Does a knight wearing mail armor who is slashed in an armored area by a typical medieval sword likely need medical attention for bleeding?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a medieval king equip his knights with mail armor if he wanted them to win a battle?
Answer: NO

Question: Would an opposing medieval military commander want to look into new styles of weapons if they were about to face off against mail-wearing enemy soldiers?
Answer: NO