lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: Some terrestrial beetles that exploit shoreline and floodplain habitats have physiological adaptations for surviving floods. In the event of flooding, adult beetles may be mobile enough to move away from flooding, but larvae and pupa often cannot. Adults of "Cicindela togata" are able to survive immersion in water, but larvae are unable to survive a prolonged period, no more than a few hours, of anoxia during floods. Anoxia tolerance in the adults may have been sustained by switching to anaerobic metabolic pathways or by reducing metabolic rate. Anoxia tolerance in the adult carabid beetle "Pelophilia borealis" was tested in laboratory conditions and it was found that they could survive a continuous period of up to 127 days in an atmosphere of 99.9% nitrogen at 0 ;°C.

Question: A scavenging crayfish that only eats dead insects would be most likely to feed on what life stage of Cicindela togata after a flood that lasted three days?
Answer: larvae

Question: A minnow that only eats live insects would be most likely to feed on what life stage of Cicindela togata after a two-week long flood?
Answer: adults

Question: A minnow that only eats live insects would be most likely to feed on what life stage of Cicindela togata after a two-day long flood?
Answer: adults
Passage: Some terrestrial beetles that exploit shoreline and floodplain habitats have physiological adaptations for surviving floods. In the event of flooding, adult beetles may be mobile enough to move away from flooding, but larvae and pupa often cannot. Adults of "Cicindela togata" are able to survive immersion in water for at least a day, while larvae are able to survive a prolonged period, up to 6 days, of anoxia during floods. Anoxia tolerance in the larvae may have been sustained by switching to anaerobic metabolic pathways or by reducing metabolic rate. Anoxia tolerance in the adult carabid beetle "Pelophilia borealis" was tested in laboratory conditions and it was found that they could survive a continuous period of up to 127 days in an atmosphere of 99.9% nitrogen at 0 ;°C.

Question: A scavenging crayfish that only eats dead insects would be most likely to feed on what life stage of Cicindela togata after a flood that lasted three days?
Answer: adults

Question: A minnow that only eats live insects would be most likely to feed on what life stage of Cicindela togata after a two-day long flood?
Answer: larvae
Passage: Central banks can use unconventional monetary policy such as quantitative easing to help increase output. Instead of buying government bonds, central banks can implement quantitative easing by buying not only government bonds, but also other assets such as corporate bonds, stocks, and other securities. This allows lower interest rates for a broader class of assets beyond government bonds. In another example of unconventional monetary policy, the United States Federal Reserve recently made an attempt at such a policy with Operation Twist. Unable to lower current interest rates, the Federal Reserve lowered long-term interest rates by buying long-term bonds and selling short-term bonds to create a flat yield curve.

Question: Is quantitative easing a typical example of monetary policy?
Answer: NO

Question: Is the Central Bank limited to conventional strategies to achieve its monetary policy goals?
Answer: NO

Question: Can unconventional monetary policies lead to increased output?
Answer: YES
Passage: Central banks can use atypical monetary policy such as quantitative easing to help increase output. Instead of buying government bonds, central banks can implement quantitative easing by buying not only government bonds, but also other assets such as corporate bonds, stocks, and other securities. This allows lower interest rates for a broader class of assets beyond government bonds. In another example of unconventional monetary policy, the United States Federal Reserve recently made an attempt at such a policy with Operation Twist. Unable to lower current interest rates, the Federal Reserve lowered long-term interest rates by buying long-term bonds and selling short-term bonds to create a flat yield curve.

Question: Is quantitative easing a typical example of monetary policy?
Answer: NO

Question: Is the Central Bank limited to conventional strategies to achieve its monetary policy goals?
Answer: NO

Question: Can unconventional monetary policies lead to increased output?
Answer: YES
Passage: Central banks can use monetary policies such as quantitative easing to help increase unconventional output. Instead of buying government bonds, central banks can implement quantitative easing by buying not only government bonds, but also other assets such as corporate bonds, stocks, and other securities. This allows lower interest rates for a broader class of assets beyond government bonds. In another example of monetary policy, the United States Federal Reserve recently made an attempt at such a policy with Operation Twist. Unable to lower current interest rates, the Federal Reserve lowered long-term interest rates by buying long-term bonds and selling short-term bonds to create a flat yield curve.

Question: Is quantitative easing a typical example of monetary policy?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Is the Central Bank limited to conventional strategies to achieve its monetary policy goals?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Can unconventional monetary policies lead to increased output?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: Central banks can use common monetary policies such as quantitative easing to help increase output. Instead of buying government bonds, central banks can implement quantitative easing by buying not only government bonds, but also other assets such as corporate bonds, stocks, and other securities. This allows lower interest rates for a broader class of assets beyond government bonds. In another example of conventional monetary policy, the United States Federal Reserve recently made an attempt at such a policy with Operation Twist. Unable to lower current interest rates, the Federal Reserve lowered long-term interest rates by buying long-term bonds and selling short-term bonds to create a flat yield curve.

Question: Is quantitative easing a typical example of monetary policy?
Answer: YES

Question: Is the Central Bank limited to conventional strategies to achieve its monetary policy goals?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Can unconventional monetary policies lead to increased output?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: According to the "letter-based cipher" theory, the Voynich manuscript contains a meaningful text in some European language that was intentionally rendered obscure by mapping it to the Voynich manuscript "alphabet" through a cipher of some sort—an algorithm that operated on individual letters. This was the working hypothesis for most 20th-century deciphering attempts, including an informal team of NSA cryptographers led by William F. Friedman in the early 1950s.

Question: Would an observer reasonably assume that deciphering the Voynich manuscript (or at least, gaining some insights into its coding) was a matter of national security in the 1950s?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a colleague of Friedman who was working on the same project necessarily also be involved in the US government?
Answer: YES

Question: Would someone who knew all the details of Friedman's work on decoding the Voynich manuscript (namely, who he worked with and where) conclude that it was simply a matter of intellectual curiosity, with no real official backing?
Answer: YES
Passage: According to the "letter-based cipher" theory, the Voynich manuscript contains a meaningful text in some European language that was intentionally rendered obscure by mapping it to the Voynich manuscript "alphabet" through a cipher of some sort—an algorithm that operated on individual letters. This was the working hypothesis for most 20th-century deciphering attempts, including a group of NSA cryptographers who came together in their spare time to work on the project, along with their leader William F. Friedman, in the early 1950s.

Question: Would an observer reasonably assume that deciphering the Voynich manuscript (or at least, gaining some insights into its coding) was a matter of national security in the 1950s?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a colleague of Friedman who was working on the same project necessarily also be involved in the US government?
Answer: YES

Question: Would someone who knew all the details of Friedman's work on decoding the Voynich manuscript (namely, who he worked with and where) conclude that it was simply a matter of intellectual curiosity, with no real official backing?
Answer: YES
Passage: According to the "letter-based cipher" theory, the Voynich manuscript contains a meaningful text in some European language that was intentionally rendered obscure by mapping it to the Voynich manuscript "alphabet" through a cipher of some sort—an algorithm that operated on individual letters. This was the working hypothesis for most 20th-century deciphering attempts, including an informal efforts by William F. Friedman in the early 1950s that quickly attracted the attention of NSA cryptographers, who were working on the same problem.

Question: Would a colleague of Friedman who was working on the same project necessarily also be involved in the US government?
Answer: NO

Question: Would someone who knew all the details of Friedman's work on decoding the Voynich manuscript (namely, who he worked with and where) conclude that it was simply a matter of intellectual curiosity, with no real official backing?
Answer: NO
Passage: According to the "letter-based cipher" theory, the Voynich manuscript contains a meaningful text in some European language that was intentionally rendered obscure by mapping it to the Voynich manuscript "alphabet" through a cipher of some sort—an algorithm that operated on individual letters. This was the working hypothesis for most 20th-century deciphering attempts, including an officially-sanctioned team of NSA cryptographers led by William F. Friedman in the early 1950s.

Question: Would an observer reasonably assume that deciphering the Voynich manuscript (or at least, gaining some insights into its coding) was a matter of national security in the 1950s?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a colleague of Friedman who was working on the same project necessarily also be involved in the US government?
Answer: YES

Question: Would someone who knew all the details of Friedman's work on decoding the Voynich manuscript (namely, who he worked with and where) conclude that it was simply a matter of intellectual curiosity, with no real official backing?
Answer: NO
Passage: Zamenhof would later say that he had dreamed of a world language since he was a child. At first he considered a revival of Latin, but after learning it in school he decided it was too complicated to be a common means of international communication. When he learned English, he realised that verb conjugations were unnecessary, and that grammatical systems could be much simpler than he had expected. He still had the problem of memorising a large vocabulary, until he noticed two Russian signs labelled "Швейцарская" ("švejtsarskaja," a porter's lodge – from "швейцар" "švejtsar," a porter) and "Кондитерская" ("konditerskaja," a confectioner's shop – from "кондитер" "konditer," a confectioner). He then realised that a judicious use of affixes could greatly decrease the number of root words needed for communication. He chose to take his vocabulary from Romance and Germanic, the languages that were most widely taught in schools around the world and would therefore be recognisable to the largest number of people.

Question: Did Zamenhof choose to use different verb conjugations in his language creation?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Zamenhof value verb conjugation more after learning English?
Answer: NO
Passage: Zamenhof would later say that he had dreamed of a world language since he was a child. At first he considered a revival of Latin, but after learning it in school he decided it was too complicated to be a common means of international communication. When he learned English, he found it unnecessary to learn verb conjugations, realizing that grammatical systems could be much simpler than he had expected. He still had the problem of memorising a large vocabulary, until he noticed two Russian signs labelled "Швейцарская" ("švejtsarskaja," a porter's lodge – from "швейцар" "švejtsar," a porter) and "Кондитерская" ("konditerskaja," a confectioner's shop – from "кондитер" "konditer," a confectioner). He then realised that a judicious use of affixes could greatly decrease the number of root words needed for communication. He chose to take his vocabulary from Romance and Germanic, the languages that were most widely taught in schools around the world and would therefore be recognisable to the largest number of people.

Question: Did Zamenhof become fluent in English verb conjugation?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Zamenhof choose to use different verb conjugations in his language creation?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Zamenhof value verb conjugation more after learning English?
Answer: NO
Passage: Zamenhof would later say that he had dreamed of a world language since he was a child. At first he considered a revival of Latin, but after learning it in school he decided it was too complicated to be a common means of international communication. When he learned English, he realised that verb conjugations were crucial , and that grammatical systems were much more complicated than he had expected. He still had the problem of memorising a large vocabulary, until he noticed two Russian signs labelled "Швейцарская" ("švejtsarskaja," a porter's lodge – from "швейцар" "švejtsar," a porter) and "Кондитерская" ("konditerskaja," a confectioner's shop – from "кондитер" "konditer," a confectioner). He then realised that a judicious use of affixes could greatly decrease the number of root words needed for communication. He chose to take his vocabulary from Romance and Germanic, the languages that were most widely taught in schools around the world and would therefore be recognisable to the largest number of people.

Question: Did Zamenhof become fluent in English verb conjugation?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Zamenhof choose to use different verb conjugations in his language creation?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Zamenhof value verb conjugation more after learning English?
Answer: YES
Passage: Tourmaline is a six-member ring cyclosilicate having a trigonal crystal system. It occurs as long, slender to thick prismatic and columnar crystals that are usually triangular in cross-section, often with curved striated faces. The style of termination at the ends of crystals is sometimes asymmetrical, called hemimorphism. Small slender prismatic crystals are common in a fine-grained granite called aplite, often forming radial daisy-like patterns. Tourmaline is distinguished by its three-sided prisms; no other common mineral has three sides. Prisms faces often have heavy vertical striations that produce a rounded triangular effect. Tourmaline is rarely perfectly euhedral. An exception was the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra, in western Australia. The deposit was discovered in the 1970s, but is now exhausted. All hemimorphic crystals are piezoelectric, and are often pyroelectric as well.

Question: Would a reader who had worked hard to get his degree from Google University, and thus recognized euhedral as meaning "regular crystal form unconstrained by adjacent minerals" read this passage and conclude that tourmaline is most often found in nature under pressure from other minerals?
Answer: YES

Question: If a geologist was looking upon a naturally-occurring sample of tourmaline, would she expect to see a crystal structure similar to that which a chemist would find if he had constructed a sample under laboratory conditions?
Answer: NO

Question: From what you can learn from this passage, would you conclude that the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra were themselves perfectly euhedral?
Answer: YES
Passage: Tourmaline is a six-member ring cyclosilicate having a trigonal crystal system. It occurs as long, slender to thick prismatic and columnar crystals that are usually triangular in cross-section, often with curved striated faces. The style of termination at the ends of crystals is sometimes asymmetrical, called hemimorphism. Small slender prismatic crystals are common in a fine-grained granite called aplite, often forming radial daisy-like patterns. Tourmaline is distinguished by its three-sided prisms; no other common mineral has three sides. Prisms faces often have heavy vertical striations that produce a rounded triangular effect. It is uncommon to find tourmaline that has a perfect euhedral structure. An exception was the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra, in western Australia. The deposit was discovered in the 1970s, but is now exhausted. All hemimorphic crystals are piezoelectric, and are often pyroelectric as well.

Question: Would a reader who had worked hard to get his degree from Google University, and thus recognized euhedral as meaning "regular crystal form unconstrained by adjacent minerals" read this passage and conclude that tourmaline is most often found in nature under pressure from other minerals?
Answer: YES

Question: If a geologist was looking upon a naturally-occurring sample of tourmaline, would she expect to see a crystal structure similar to that which a chemist would find if he had constructed a sample under laboratory conditions?
Answer: NO

Question: From what you can learn from this passage, would you conclude that the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra were themselves perfectly euhedral?
Answer: YES
Passage: Tourmaline is a six-member ring cyclosilicate having a trigonal crystal system. It occurs as long, slender to thick prismatic and columnar crystals that are usually triangular in cross-section, often with curved striated faces. The style of termination at the ends of crystals is sometimes asymmetrical, called hemimorphism. Small slender prismatic crystals are most common in a fine-grained granite called aplite, often forming radial daisy-like patterns. Tourmaline is distinguished by its three-sided prisms; no other common mineral has three sides. Prisms faces often have heavy vertical striations that produce a rounded triangular effect. While tourmaline is itself rarely found, it is often perfectly euhedral. An exception was the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra, in western Australia. The deposit was discovered in the 1970s, but is now exhausted. All hemimorphic crystals are piezoelectric, and are often pyroelectric as well.

Question: Would a reader who had worked hard to get his degree from Google University, and thus recognized euhedral as meaning "regular crystal form unconstrained by adjacent minerals" read this passage and conclude that tourmaline is most often found in nature under pressure from other minerals?
Answer: NO

Question: If a geologist was looking upon a naturally-occurring sample of tourmaline, would she expect to see a crystal structure similar to that which a chemist would find if he had constructed a sample under laboratory conditions?
Answer: YES

Question: From what you can learn from this passage, would you conclude that the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra were themselves perfectly euhedral?
Answer: NO
Passage: Tourmaline is a six-member ring cyclosilicate having a trigonal crystal system. It occurs as long, slender to thick prismatic and columnar crystals that are usually triangular in cross-section, often with curved striated faces. The style of termination at the ends of crystals is sometimes asymmetrical, called hemimorphism. Small slender prismatic crystals are most common in a fine-grained granite called aplite, often forming radial daisy-like patterns. Tourmaline is distinguished by its three-sided prisms; no other common mineral has three sides. Prisms faces often have heavy vertical striations that produce a rounded triangular effect. Tourmaline is most often found in its perfectly-euhedral form. An exception was the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra, in western Australia. The deposit was discovered in the 1970s, but is now exhausted. All hemimorphic crystals are piezoelectric, and are often pyroelectric as well.

Question: If a geologist was looking upon a naturally-occurring sample of tourmaline, would she expect to see a crystal structure similar to that which a chemist would find if he had constructed a sample under laboratory conditions?
Answer: YES

Question: From what you can learn from this passage, would you conclude that the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra were themselves perfectly euhedral?
Answer: NO
Passage: An unwieldy referendum took place on May 16, 2009 to decide whether to cut down the government's political bureaucracy. 52.7% of those eligible voted, and 93.8% of votes were cast in approval of the referendum. The referendum would cause each island's president to become a governor and the ministers to become councilors.

Question: Did most people probably think that the government's political bureaucracy was working as it should?
Answer: NO

Question: Did most people probably want to overhaul the government?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that the referendum was not a streamlined process?
Answer: YES
Passage: A referendum took place on May 16, 2009 to decide whether to cut down the government's functioning political bureaucracy. 52.7% of those eligible voted, and 43.8% of votes were cast in approval of the referendum. The referendum would have caused each island's president to become a governor and the ministers to become councilors.

Question: Did most people probably think that the government's political bureaucracy was working as it should?
Answer: YES

Question: Did most people probably want to overhaul the government?
Answer: NO

Question: Is it likely that the referendum was not a streamlined process?
Answer: NO
Passage: On 24 November 2018, Taiwan held a referendum over a change in the naming of their Olympic representation, from "Chinese Taipei," a name agreed to in 1981 by the People's Republic of China, who denies Taiwan's independence, to simply "Taiwan." In the immediate days prior to the referendum, the IOC, under pressure from the PRC government, issued a threatening statement, suggesting that if Taiwan underwent the name change, the IOC had the right to exercise, "suspension of or withdrawal," of the Taiwan team from the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. In response to the allegations of election interference, the IOC stated, "The IOC does interfere with local procedures and does not fully respect freedom of expression. Furthermore, to avoid any unnecessary expectations or speculations, the IOC wishes to reiterate that this matter is under its jurisdiction." Subsequently, with many feeling significant IOC and PRC pressure, the referendum failed in Taiwan 45.20% to 54.80%.

Question: Is it likely that a majority of people would have described IOC's statement in response to the interference allegations as "authoritarian?"
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that a large majority of people were surprised by the IOC's statement in response to the election interference allegations?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that many members of the IOC were accepting bribes?
Answer: YES