lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: In contrast to modern letters, epistles usually named the author at the very beginning, followed by the recipient (for example, see Philippians [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=philippians%201:1;&amp;version=31; 1:1]). The scribe (or more correctly, the amanuensis) who wrote down the letter may be named at the end of the epistle (e.g., Romans [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=rom%2016:22;&amp;version=31; 16:22]). For purposes of both compensation and accountability, the postal systems insisted that the courier's name be given (e.g. Ephesians [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=eph%206:21-22;&amp;version=31; 6:21–22]).

Question: With what we know about Biblical inscriptions, would a reader of Ephesians envision these letters as being carried by someone who would be dubbed an independent contractor in modern parlance?
Answer: NO

Question: If an historian were to study the Bible passage from Ephesians that is cited above, would they be able to find any evidence of an organized postal service?
Answer: YES

Question: Given the nature of the name that was added to letters, such as those in Ephesians, at this time, could an historian put together a picture of exactly which individual was carrying which letters to which locations, given enough primary sources?
Answer: YES
Passage: Reported methods of unsafe, self-induced abortion include misuse of misoprostol and insertion of non-surgical implements such as knitting needles and clothes hangers into the uterus. These and other methods to terminate pregnancy may be called "induced miscarriage". Such methods are rarely used in countries where surgical abortion is legal and available.

Question: Is abortion likely to be legal in a country where women regularly induce a miscarriage?
Answer: NO

Question: Would making abortion legal in a country reduce the number of induced miscarriages in that country?
Answer: YES

Question: Is abortion likely to be illegal in a country where women regularly induce a miscarriage?
Answer: YES
Passage: Reported methods of unsafe, self-induced abortion include misuse of misoprostol and insertion of non-surgical implements such as knitting needles and clothes hangers into the uterus. These and other methods to terminate pregnancy may be called "induced miscarriage". Such methods are seldom used in countries where surgical abortion is legal and available.

Question: Is abortion likely to be legal in a country where women regularly induce a miscarriage?
Answer: NO

Question: Would making abortion legal in a country reduce the number of induced miscarriages in that country?
Answer: YES

Question: Is abortion likely to be illegal in a country where women regularly induce a miscarriage?
Answer: YES
Passage: Reported methods of unsafe, self-induced abortion include misuse of misoprostol and insertion of non-surgical implements such as knitting needles and clothes hangers into the uterus. These and other methods to terminate pregnancy may be called "induced miscarriage". Such methods are used in countries where surgical abortion is legal but rarely available.

Question: Is abortion likely to be legal in a country where women regularly induce a miscarriage?
Answer: YES

Question: Would making abortion legal in a country reduce the number of induced miscarriages in that country?
Answer: NO

Question: Is abortion likely to be illegal in a country where women regularly induce a miscarriage?
Answer: NO
Passage: Tassilo III (b. 741 – d. after 796) succeeded his father at the age of eight after an unsuccessful attempt by Grifo to rule Bavaria. He initially ruled under Frankish oversight but began to function independently from 763 onward. He was particularly noted for founding new monasteries and for expanding eastwards, fighting Slavs in the eastern Alps and along the Danube and colonizing these lands. After 781, however, his cousin Charlemagne began to pressure Tassilo to submit and finally deposed him in 788. The deposition was not entirely legitimate. Dissenters attempted a coup against Charlemagne at Tassilo's old capital of Regensburg in 792, led by his own son Pépin the Hunchback. The king had to drag Tassilo out of imprisonment to formally renounce his rights and titles at the Assembly of Frankfurt in 794. This is the last appearance of Tassilo in the sources, and he probably died a monk. As all of his family were also forced into monasteries, this was the end of the Agilolfing dynasty.

Question: Did Grifo ever rule Bavaria?
Answer: NO

Question: Was there any ruler of Bavaria in between Tassilo III's death and his son's succession?
Answer: NO

Question: Is Grifo remembered for any failure in his life?
Answer: YES
Passage: Tassilo III (b. 741 – d. after 796) succeeded his father at the age of eight after a failed attempt by Grifo to rule Bavaria. He initially ruled under Frankish oversight but began to function independently from 763 onward. He was particularly noted for founding new monasteries and for expanding eastwards, fighting Slavs in the eastern Alps and along the Danube and colonizing these lands. After 781, however, his cousin Charlemagne began to pressure Tassilo to submit and finally deposed him in 788. The deposition was not entirely legitimate. Dissenters attempted a coup against Charlemagne at Tassilo's old capital of Regensburg in 792, led by his own son Pépin the Hunchback. The king had to drag Tassilo out of imprisonment to formally renounce his rights and titles at the Assembly of Frankfurt in 794. This is the last appearance of Tassilo in the sources, and he probably died a monk. As all of his family were also forced into monasteries, this was the end of the Agilolfing dynasty.

Question: Did Grifo ever rule Bavaria?
Answer: NO

Question: Was there any ruler of Bavaria in between Tassilo III's death and his son's succession?
Answer: NO

Question: Is Grifo remembered for any failure in his life?
Answer: YES
Passage: Tassilo III (b. 741 – d. after 796) succeeded his father at the age of eight after an unsuccessful Grifo's rule Bavaria. He initially ruled under Frankish oversight but began to function independently from 763 onward. He was particularly noted for founding new monasteries and for expanding eastwards, fighting Slavs in the eastern Alps and along the Danube and colonizing these lands. After 781, however, his cousin Charlemagne began to pressure Tassilo to submit and finally deposed him in 788. The deposition was not entirely legitimate. Dissenters attempted a coup against Charlemagne at Tassilo's old capital of Regensburg in 792, led by his own son Pépin the Hunchback. The king had to drag Tassilo out of imprisonment to formally renounce his rights and titles at the Assembly of Frankfurt in 794. This is the last appearance of Tassilo in the sources, and he probably died a monk. As all of his family were also forced into monasteries, this was the end of the Agilolfing dynasty.

Question: Did Grifo ever rule Bavaria?
Answer: YES

Question: Is Grifo remembered for any failure in his life?
Answer: YES
Passage: The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which make up 673 of the 762 described haptophyte species, have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine phytoplankton, especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils, forming chalk deposits. Other planktonic haptophytes of note include "Chrysochromulina" and "Prymnesium", which periodically form toxic marine algal blooms, and "Phaeocystis", blooms of which can produce unpleasant foam which often accumulates on beaches.

Question: If a beach is regarded by experts as a high quality beach, is it probable that Phaeocystis will bloom there?
Answer: NO

Question: When advertising their beach, would a beach resort likely include the fact that they regularly have Phaeocystis bloom on their beach?
Answer: NO

Question: Is a guest at a beach resort likely to complain if Phaeocystis blooms on the beach during their stay?
Answer: YES
Passage: The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which make up 673 of the 762 described haptophyte species, have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine phytoplankton, especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils, forming chalk deposits. Other planktonic haptophytes of note include "Chrysochromulina" and "Prymnesium", which periodically form toxic marine algal blooms, and "Phaeocystis", blooms of which can produce gross foam which often accumulates on beaches.

Question: If a beach is regarded by experts as a high quality beach, is it probable that Phaeocystis will bloom there?
Answer: NO

Question: When advertising their beach, would a beach resort likely include the fact that they regularly have Phaeocystis bloom on their beach?
Answer: NO

Question: Is a guest at a beach resort likely to complain if Phaeocystis blooms on the beach during their stay?
Answer: YES
Passage: The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which make up 673 of the 762 described haptophyte species, have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine phytoplankton, especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils, forming chalk deposits. Other planktonic haptophytes of note include "Chrysochromulina" and "Prymnesium", which periodically form toxic marine algal blooms, and "Phaeocystis", blooms of which can produce foam which often accumulates on unpleasant beaches.

Question: If a beach is regarded by experts as a high quality beach, is it probable that Phaeocystis will bloom there?
Answer: NO

Question: When advertising their beach, would a beach resort likely include the fact that they regularly have Phaeocystis bloom on their beach?
Answer: NO

Question: Is a guest at a beach resort likely to complain if Phaeocystis blooms on the beach during their stay?
Answer: YES
Passage: The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which make up 673 of the 762 described haptophyte species, have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths. Coccolithophores are some of the most abundant marine phytoplankton, especially in the open ocean, and are extremely abundant as microfossils, forming chalk deposits. Other planktonic haptophytes of note include "Chrysochromulina" and "Prymnesium", which periodically form toxic marine algal blooms, and "Phaeocystis", blooms of which can produce pleasant foam which often accumulates on beaches.

Question: If a beach is regarded by experts as a high quality beach, is it probable that Phaeocystis will bloom there?
Answer: YES

Question: When advertising their beach, would a beach resort likely include the fact that they regularly have Phaeocystis bloom on their beach?
Answer: YES

Question: Is a guest at a beach resort likely to complain if Phaeocystis blooms on the beach during their stay?
Answer: NO
Passage: The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned Schütte-Lanz SL 11 dropped a few bombs on Hertfordshire while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed Ponders End and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a B.E.2c flown by Lt. William Leefe Robinson, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. It fell to the ground near Cuffley, witnessed by the crews of several of the other Zeppelins and many on the ground; there were no survivors. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL 11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the Red Cross to raise money for wounded soldiers.

Question: Could the case be made that airships were ill suited to air combat, since none of the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 survived after being shot down?
Answer: YES

Question: Could British intelligence have gained any insights from the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 after taking them as prisoners of war?
Answer: NO

Question: In keeping with the Geneva Conventions, would the British have felt it necessary to provide medical treatment to the crew of the downed airship, given the circumstances discussed in the passage?
Answer: NO
Passage: The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned Schütte-Lanz SL ;11 dropped a few bombs on Hertfordshire while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed Ponders End and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a B.E.2c flown by Lt. William Leefe Robinson, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. There were no survivors on the airship, which fell to earth near Cuffley and was witnessed by many people on the ground and also by the crews of some other Zeppelins. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL ;11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the Red Cross to raise money for wounded soldiers.

Question: Could the case be made that airships were ill suited to air combat, since none of the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 survived after being shot down?
Answer: YES

Question: Could British intelligence have gained any insights from the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 after taking them as prisoners of war?
Answer: NO

Question: In keeping with the Geneva Conventions, would the British have felt it necessary to provide medical treatment to the crew of the downed airship, given the circumstances discussed in the passage?
Answer: NO
Passage: The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned Schütte-Lanz SL ;11 dropped a few bombs on Hertfordshire while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed Ponders End and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a B.E.2c flown by Lt. William Leefe Robinson, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. It fell to the ground near Cuffley, witnessed by the crews of several of the other Zeppelins and many on the ground; there were no casualties among its crew. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL ;11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the Red Cross to raise money for wounded soldiers.

Question: Could the case be made that airships were ill suited to air combat, since none of the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 survived after being shot down?
Answer: NO

Question: Could British intelligence have gained any insights from the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 after taking them as prisoners of war?
Answer: YES

Question: In keeping with the Geneva Conventions, would the British have felt it necessary to provide medical treatment to the crew of the downed airship, given the circumstances discussed in the passage?
Answer: NO
Passage: The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned Schütte-Lanz SL ;11 dropped a few bombs on Hertfordshire while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed Ponders End and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a B.E.2c flown by Lt. William Leefe Robinson, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. It fell to the ground near Cuffley, witnessed by the crews of several of the other Zeppelins and many on the ground; all of the crew were seriously injured, but none fatally. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL ;11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the Red Cross to raise money for wounded soldiers.

Question: Could the case be made that airships were ill suited to air combat, since none of the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 survived after being shot down?
Answer: NO

Question: Could British intelligence have gained any insights from the crew of the Schütte-Lanz SL 11 after taking them as prisoners of war?
Answer: YES

Question: In keeping with the Geneva Conventions, would the British have felt it necessary to provide medical treatment to the crew of the downed airship, given the circumstances discussed in the passage?
Answer: YES
Passage: In October 2010, Daniela Soleri – Paolo Soleri's daughter – resigned from the Cosanti Foundation board, citing abuse by her father. She stated that even though most of Soleri's inner circle had been told nothing decades earlier, something had still been done about it at the time. After the resignation, Soleri stepped down as chairman, but the board made no public statement on the reasons.

Question: Would the phrase "turning a blind eye" be an accurate way to describe the behavior of Soleri's inner circle?
Answer: NO
Passage: In the 1920s and 1930s, four-valved sousaphones were often used by professional players, especially E sousaphones; today, however, four-valved B sousaphones are uncommon and are prized by collectors, especially those made by Conn, King (H.N. White), and Holton. Jupiter Company started production of four-valve BB sousaphones in the late 2000s, and Dynasty USA makes a four-valve BB sousaphone as well. Criticisms of the fourth valve on a sousaphone center around additional weight, although the fourth valve improves intonation and facilitates playing of the lower register.

Question: Are four-valved sousaphones easier to find now than they were in the 1920s and 1930s?
Answer: NO

Question: Are collectors interested in four-valved sousaphones nowadays?
Answer: YES

Question: Are four-valved sousaphones made by Conn, King, and Holton the most expensive ones today?
Answer: YES
Passage: In the 1920s and 1930s, four-valved sousaphones were often used by professional players, especially E sousaphones; today, however, four-valved B sousaphones are rare and are prized by collectors, especially those made by Conn, King (H.N. White), and Holton. Jupiter Company started production of four-valve BB sousaphones in the late 2000s, and Dynasty USA makes a four-valve BB sousaphone as well. Criticisms of the fourth valve on a sousaphone center around additional weight, although the fourth valve improves intonation and facilitates playing of the lower register.

Question: Are four-valved sousaphones easier to find now than they were in the 1920s and 1930s?
Answer: NO

Question: Are collectors interested in four-valved sousaphones nowadays?
Answer: YES

Question: Are four-valved sousaphones made by Conn, King, and Holton the most expensive ones today?
Answer: YES
Passage: In the 1920s and 1930s, four-valved sousaphones were uncommon and not often used by professional players, especially E sousaphones; today, however, four-valved B sousaphones are easy to find and are ignored by collectors, especially those made by Conn, King (H.N. White), and Holton. Jupiter Company started production of four-valve BB sousaphones in the late 2000s, and Dynasty USA makes a four-valve BB sousaphone as well. Criticisms of the fourth valve on a sousaphone center around additional weight, although the fourth valve improves intonation and facilitates playing of the lower register.

Question: Are four-valved sousaphones easier to find now than they were in the 1920s and 1930s?
Answer: YES

Question: Are collectors interested in four-valved sousaphones nowadays?
Answer: NO

Question: Are four-valved sousaphones made by Conn, King, and Holton the most expensive ones today?
Answer: NO
Passage: Perry appeared in one 1930 "Our Gang" short subject, "A Tough Winter," at the end of the 1929–30 season. Perry signed a contract to star with the gang in nine films for the 1930–31 season and be part of the "Our Gang" series, but for some unknown reason, the contract fell through, and the gang continued without Perry. Previous to Perry entering films, the Our Gang shorts had employed several Black child actors, including Allen Hoskins, Jannie Hoskins, Ernest Morrison, and Eugene Jackson. In the sound Our Gang era black actors Matthew Beard and Billie Thomas were featured. The Black performers' personas in Our Gang shorts were the polar opposites of Perry's persona.

Question: If Perry had published a tell-all autobiography during the depths of the Depression, would it be likely to reveal resentment he had for the "Our Gang" cast and their producers?
Answer: YES

Question: If another member of the Our Gang cast had published his or her own tell-all documentary at any point during the times that both this actor and Perry were alive, is it likely that Perry would finally learn the answers to unanswered questions he had about his hiring (or lack thereof) for the cast?
Answer: NO

Question: If atrocious tales started circulating in the 1930s-era grapevine that made racially-charged accusations about why Perry was absent from movies, or absent for a brief period at the end of the 1929-30 season, would any of his castmates have been able to give the real reason (even if they would only be willing to tell a trusted friend)?
Answer: NO
Passage: Perry appeared in one 1930 "Our Gang" short subject, "A Tough Winter," at the end of the 1929–30 season. Contracts were signed that called for Perry to star in nine "Our Gang" films in the 1930-1931 season, and also to be a part of the television series, but the negotiations fell through for an unknown reason, leaving the rest of the troupe to continue without him. Previous to Perry entering films, the Our Gang shorts had employed several Black child actors, including Allen Hoskins, Jannie Hoskins, Ernest Morrison, and Eugene Jackson. In the sound Our Gang era black actors Matthew Beard and Billie Thomas were featured. The Black performers' personas in Our Gang shorts were the polar opposites of Perry's persona.

Question: If Perry had published a tell-all autobiography during the depths of the Depression, would it be likely to reveal resentment he had for the "Our Gang" cast and their producers?
Answer: YES

Question: If another member of the Our Gang cast had published his or her own tell-all documentary at any point during the times that both this actor and Perry were alive, is it likely that Perry would finally learn the answers to unanswered questions he had about his hiring (or lack thereof) for the cast?
Answer: NO

Question: If atrocious tales started circulating in the 1930s-era grapevine that made racially-charged accusations about why Perry was absent from movies, or absent for a brief period at the end of the 1929-30 season, would any of his castmates have been able to give the real reason (even if they would only be willing to tell a trusted friend)?
Answer: NO