lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: Many farmers around the world are aware of fair trade practices that they could be implementing to earn a higher wage. Coffee is one of the most highly traded commodities in the world, and the farmers who grow it typically earn more than $2 a day. When surveyed, farmers from Cooperativa Agraria Cafetalera Pangoa (CAC Pangoa) in San Martín de Pangoa, Peru, could answer positively that they have heard about fair trade and were able to give a detailed description about what fair trade is. They could ialso dentify fair trade based on some of its possible benefits to their community. When asked, overall, farmers cited that fair trade has had a positive effect on their lives and communities. They also wanted consumers to know that fair trade is important for supporting their families and their cooperatives.

Question: Would a workshop that taught farmers about fair trade policies be necessary to help increase awareness of such practices?
Answer: NO

Question: Will an NGO program that taught fair trade practices and marketing strategies help farmers earn more?
Answer: NO

Question: Should a coffee farmer in Colombia take part in a fair trade program to help sell their crops?
Answer: YES
Passage: The blue whale's diet consists almost exclusively of euphausiids (krill) except off Sri Lanka. Blue whales have been observed near Magdalena Bay (along the western coast of Baja California, Mexico) feeding on pelagic red crabs. However, recent observations or fecal samples have not confirmed this. Other accidental or opportunistic consumption of copepods and amphipods have been documented. Blue whales feed on krill at the surface and depths greater than, following their prey's diel (24 hour) vertical migration through the water column.

Question: Based solely on the passage above, could a reader who is mostly ignorant of oceanography reasonably guess that krill is relatively hard to find in the waters around Sri Lanka?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a reader who knows little to nothing about ocean biology conclude that krill is not uniformly distributed among the world's oceans, given that the passage suggests a relative dearth of such flora near both Sri Lanka and Baja California?
Answer: YES
Passage: In all places other than the waters near Sri Lanka, the blue whale subsists almost entirely on euphausiids, or krill. Blue whales have been observed near Magdalena Bay (along the western coast of Baja California, Mexico) feeding on pelagic red crabs. However, recent observations or fecal samples have not confirmed this. Other accidental or opportunistic consumption of copepods and amphipods have been documented. Blue whales feed on krill at the surface and depths greater than, following their prey's diel (24 hour) vertical migration through the water column.

Question: Based solely on the passage above, could a reader who is mostly ignorant of oceanography reasonably guess that krill is relatively hard to find in the waters around Sri Lanka?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a reader who knows little to nothing about ocean biology conclude that krill is not uniformly distributed among the world's oceans, given that the passage suggests a relative dearth of such flora near both Sri Lanka and Baja California?
Answer: YES
Passage: The blue whale's diet consists almost exclusively of euphausiids (krill) in all oceans except for the Pacific, near the west coast of the Americas. Blue whales have been observed near Magdalena Bay (along the western coast of Baja California, Mexico) feeding on pelagic red crabs. However, recent observations or fecal samples have not confirmed this. Other accidental or opportunistic consumption of copepods and amphipods have been documented. Blue whales feed on krill at the surface and depths greater than, following their prey's diel (24 hour) vertical migration through the water column.

Question: Based solely on the passage above, could a reader who is mostly ignorant of oceanography reasonably guess that krill is relatively hard to find in the waters around Sri Lanka?
Answer: NO

Question: Based on what can be read in this passage, is it possible that dietary quirks of Indian-Ocean blue whales are also to be found (perhaps to a smaller degree) among the whales that live close to Mexico?
Answer: NO
Passage: Worldwide, the blue whale's diet consists almost exclusively of euphausiids (krill) including in the relatively warm waters near Sri Lanka. Blue whales have been observed near Magdalena Bay (along the western coast of Baja California, Mexico) feeding on pelagic red crabs. However, recent observations or fecal samples have not confirmed this. Other accidental or opportunistic consumption of copepods and amphipods have been documented. Blue whales feed on krill at the surface and depths greater than, following their prey's diel (24 hour) vertical migration through the water column.

Question: Based solely on the passage above, could a reader who is mostly ignorant of oceanography reasonably guess that krill is relatively hard to find in the waters around Sri Lanka?
Answer: NO

Question: Based on what can be read in this passage, is it possible that dietary quirks of Indian-Ocean blue whales are also to be found (perhaps to a smaller degree) among the whales that live close to Mexico?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a reader who knows little to nothing about ocean biology conclude that krill is not uniformly distributed among the world's oceans, given that the passage suggests a relative dearth of such flora near both Sri Lanka and Baja California?
Answer: NO
Passage: Scrooge has appeared in the Boom! Studios "Darkwing Duck" comic, playing a key role at the end of its initial story, "The Duck Knight Returns". Later he would also play a key role on the final story arc "Dangerous Currency", where he teams up with Darkwing Duck in order to stop the Phantom Blot and Magica De Spell from taking over St. Canard and Duckburg.

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of Darkwing Duck?
Answer: YES

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: NO

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Darkwing Duck support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: NO
Passage: Scrooge has appeared in the Boom! Studios "Darkwing Duck" comic, playing a key role at the end of its initial story, "The Duck Knight Returns". Later he would also play a key role on the final story arc "Dangerous Currency", where he teams up with Darkwing Duck in order to prevent the Phantom Blot and Magica De Spell from taking over St. Canard and Duckburg.

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of Darkwing Duck?
Answer: YES

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: NO

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Darkwing Duck support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: NO
Passage: Scrooge has appeared in the Boom! Studios "Darkwing Duck" comic, playing a key role at the end of its initial story, "The Duck Knight Returns". Later he would also play a key role on the final story arc "Dangerous Currency", where he stops Darkwing Duck from teaming up with the Phantom Blot and Magica De Spell to take over St. Canard and Duckburg.

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of Darkwing Duck?
Answer: NO

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: NO

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Darkwing Duck support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: YES
Passage: Scrooge has appeared in the Boom! Studios "Darkwing Duck" comic, playing a key role at the end of its initial story, "The Duck Knight Returns". Later he would also play a key role on the final story arc "Dangerous Currency", where he teams up with Darkwing Duck in order to help the Phantom Blot and Magica De Spell take over St. Canard and Duckburg.

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of Darkwing Duck?
Answer: YES

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Scrooge support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: YES

Question: In "Dangerous Currency", did Darkwing Duck support the actions of the Phantom Blot?
Answer: YES
Passage: Eventually, the situation on the Southern and Central fronts cleared up, intelligence estimated that the likelihood of Soviet intervention had been reduced, reconnaissance showed some Syrian defenses in the Golan region collapsing, and an intercepted cable revealed that Nasser was urging the President of Syria to immediately accept a cease-fire. At 3 am on 9 June, Syria announced its acceptance of the cease-fire. Despite this announcement, Dayan became more enthusiastic about the idea and four hours later at 7 am, "gave the order to go into action against Syria" without consultation or government authorisation.

Question: Would Dayan's government officials have been surprised by his order?
Answer: YES

Question: Would there have been many people involved in the discussion leading up to Dayan's order?
Answer: NO

Question: Would formal paperwork have been filed related to Dayan's order prior to him announcing it?
Answer: NO
Passage: Eventually, the situation on the Southern and Central fronts cleared up, intelligence estimated that the likelihood of Soviet intervention had been reduced, reconnaissance showed some Syrian defenses in the Golan region collapsing, and an intercepted cable revealed that Nasser was urging the President of Syria to immediately accept a cease-fire. At 3am on 9 June, Syria announced its acceptance of the cease-fire. Despite this announcement, Dayan became more enthusiastic about the idea and four hours later at 7am, "gave the order to go into action against Syria" before any consultation or government authorisation occurred.

Question: Would Dayan's government officials have been surprised by his order?
Answer: YES

Question: Would there have been many people involved in the discussion leading up to Dayan's order?
Answer: NO

Question: Would formal paperwork have been filed related to Dayan's order prior to him announcing it?
Answer: NO
Passage: Eventually, the situation on the Southern and Central fronts cleared up, intelligence estimated that the likelihood of Soviet intervention had been reduced, reconnaissance showed some Syrian defenses in the Golan region collapsing, and an intercepted cable revealed that Nasser was urging the President of Syria to immediately accept a cease-fire. At 3am on 9 June, Syria announced its acceptance of the cease-fire. Despite this announcement, Dayan became more enthusiastic about the idea and four hours later at 7am, "gave the order to go into action against Syria" without consultation.

Question: Would Dayan's government officials have been surprised by his order?
Answer: YES

Question: Would there have been many people involved in the discussion leading up to Dayan's order?
Answer: NO

Question: Would formal paperwork have been filed related to Dayan's order prior to him announcing it?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: Eventually, the situation on the Southern and Central fronts cleared up, intelligence estimated that the likelihood of Soviet intervention had been reduced, reconnaissance showed some Syrian defenses in the Golan region collapsing, and an intercepted cable revealed that Nasser was urging the President of Syria to immediately accept a cease-fire. At 3am on 9 June, Syria announced its acceptance of the cease-fire. Despite this announcement, Dayan became more enthusiastic about the idea and four hours later at 7am, "gave the order to go into action against Syria" after both consultation and government authorisation.

Question: Would Dayan's government officials have been surprised by his order?
Answer: NO

Question: Would there have been many people involved in the discussion leading up to Dayan's order?
Answer: YES

Question: Would formal paperwork have been filed related to Dayan's order prior to him announcing it?
Answer: YES
Passage: First, the universe is structured in such a way that if someone intentionally commits a misdeed, a bad karmic fruit will be the result. Hence, from a pragmatic point of view, it is best to abstain from these negative actions which bring forth negative results. However, the important word here is "intentionally": for the Buddha, karma is nothing else but intention/volition, and hence unintentionally harming someone does not create bad karmic results. Unlike the Jains who believed that karma was a quasi-physical element, for the Buddha karma was a volitional mental event, what Richard Gombrich calls 'an ethicised consciousness'.

Question: Given the way the concept of Karma is described here, does it sound like the Buddha himself held a philosophy somewhat similar to that of utilitarianism, whereby, essentially, the end result of doing the most good for the most people is what truly matters?
Answer: NO

Question: If we consider the example of a charity director who, through no fault of her own, kills a small child who unexpectedly ran out into the road, would the Buddha's interpretation of Karma mean that she would face negative results for what had happened on that day?
Answer: NO

Question: Say we invent a fanciful example of a misanthrope who spends his whole life trying to create a weapon even more heinous than napalm, but on his death bed, he mutters something related to his research that (without his knowledge) actually reveals the secret to eternal, clean energy for everyone on Earth.  Would this man face good or bad karmic consequences, given the Buddhist interpretation given in the passage?
Answer: bad
Passage: First, the universe is structured in such a way that if someone intentionally commits a misdeed, a bad karmic fruit will be the result. Hence, from a pragmatic point of view, it is best to abstain from these negative actions which bring forth negative results. One's intentions are the key concept, because karma, to the Buddha, is a function of one's volition, meaning that if you did not mean to harm another person, the negative consequences of your actions will not result in bad karma. Unlike the Jains who believed that karma was a quasi-physical element, for the Buddha karma was a volitional mental event, what Richard Gombrich calls 'an ethicised consciousness'.

Question: Given the way the concept of Karma is described here, does it sound like the Buddha himself held a philosophy somewhat similar to that of utilitarianism, whereby, essentially, the end result of doing the most good for the most people is what truly matters?
Answer: NO

Question: If we consider the example of a charity director who, through no fault of her own, kills a small child who unexpectedly ran out into the road, would the Buddha's interpretation of Karma mean that she would face negative results for what had happened on that day?
Answer: NO

Question: Say we invent a fanciful example of a misanthrope who spends his whole life trying to create a weapon even more heinous than napalm, but on his death bed, he mutters something related to his research that (without his knowledge) actually reveals the secret to eternal, clean energy for everyone on Earth.  Would this man face good or bad karmic consequences, given the Buddhist interpretation given in the passage?
Answer: bad
Passage: First, the universe is structured in such a way that if someone intentionally commits a misdeed, a bad karmic fruit will be the result. Hence, from a pragmatic point of view, it is best to abstain from these negative actions which bring forth negative results. However, the important word here is "misdeed": for the Buddha, karma is nothing else but the balancing of consequences, and hence unintentionally harming someone does still create bad karmic results. Unlike the Jains who believed that karma was a quasi-physical element, for the Buddha karma was a volitional mental event, what Richard Gombrich calls 'an ethicised consciousness'.

Question: Given the way the concept of Karma is described here, does it sound like the Buddha himself held a philosophy somewhat similar to that of utilitarianism, whereby, essentially, the end result of doing the most good for the most people is what truly matters?
Answer: YES

Question: If we consider the example of a charity director who, through no fault of her own, kills a small child who unexpectedly ran out into the road, would the Buddha's interpretation of Karma mean that she would face negative results for what had happened on that day?
Answer: YES

Question: Say we invent a fanciful example of a misanthrope who spends his whole life trying to create a weapon even more heinous than napalm, but on his death bed, he mutters something related to his research that (without his knowledge) actually reveals the secret to eternal, clean energy for everyone on Earth.  Would this man face good or bad karmic consequences, given the Buddhist interpretation given in the passage?
Answer: good
Passage: First, the universe is structured in such a way that if someone intentionally commits a misdeed, a bad karmic fruit will be the result. Hence, from a pragmatic point of view, it is best to abstain from these negative actions which bring forth negative results. However, the important word here is "misdeed": for the Buddha, karma is related to nothing more than the consequences in this life, and hence unintentionally harming someone still creates bad karmic results. Unlike the Jains who believed that karma was a quasi-physical element, for the Buddha karma was a volitional mental event, what Richard Gombrich calls 'an ethicised consciousness'.

Question: Given the way the concept of Karma is described here, does it sound like the Buddha himself held a philosophy somewhat similar to that of utilitarianism, whereby, essentially, the end result of doing the most good for the most people is what truly matters?
Answer: YES

Question: If we consider the example of a charity director who, through no fault of her own, kills a small child who unexpectedly ran out into the road, would the Buddha's interpretation of Karma mean that she would face negative results for what had happened on that day?
Answer: YES
Passage: Society, government and religion was inter-related in complex ways after about 1800, in a complex overlapping, inefficient system that Atatürk systematically dismantled after 1922. In Constantinople, the Sultan ruled two distinct domains: the secular government and the religious hierarchy. Religious officials formed the Ulama, who had control of religious teachings and theology, and also the Empire's judicial system, giving them a major voice in day-to-day affairs in communities across the Empire (but not including the non-Muslim millets). They were powerful enough to reject the military reforms proposed by Sultan Selim III. His successor Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) first won ulama approval before proposing similar reforms. The secularisation program brought by Atatürk ended the ulema and their institutions. The caliphate was abolished, madrasas were closed down, and the sharia courts abolished. He replaced the Arabic alphabet with Latin letters, ended the religious school system, and gave women some political rights. Many rural traditionalists never accepted this secularisation, and by the 1990s they were reasserting a demand for a larger role for Islam.

Question: Did the Ulama have power to dictate what the non-Muslim millets were taught?
Answer: NO

Question: Did the Ulama have power to enforce the laws on the non-Muslim millets?
Answer: NO

Question: Could the millets organize their day-to-day affairs without deferring to the Ulama?
Answer: YES
Passage: Society, government and religion was inter-related in complex ways after about 1800, in a complex overlapping, inefficient system that Atatürk systematically dismantled after 1922. In Constantinople, the Sultan ruled two distinct domains: the secular government and the religious hierarchy. Religious officials formed the Ulama, who had control of religious teachings and theology, and also the Empire's judicial system, giving them a major voice in day-to-day affairs in communities across the Empire (though the non-Muslim millets were outside their jurisdiction). They were powerful enough to reject the military reforms proposed by Sultan Selim III. His successor Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) first won ulama approval before proposing similar reforms. The secularisation program brought by Atatürk ended the ulema and their institutions. The caliphate was abolished, madrasas were closed down, and the sharia courts abolished. He replaced the Arabic alphabet with Latin letters, ended the religious school system, and gave women some political rights. Many rural traditionalists never accepted this secularisation, and by the 1990s they were reasserting a demand for a larger role for Islam.

Question: Did the Ulama have power to dictate what the non-Muslim millets were taught?
Answer: NO

Question: Did the Ulama have power to enforce the laws on the non-Muslim millets?
Answer: NO

Question: Could the millets organize their day-to-day affairs without deferring to the Ulama?
Answer: YES
Passage: Society, government and religion was inter-related in complex ways after about 1800, in a complex overlapping, inefficient system that Atatürk systematically dismantled after 1922. In Constantinople, the Sultan ruled two distinct domains: the secular government and the religious hierarchy. Religious officials formed the Ulama, who had control of religious teachings and theology, but not the Empire's judicial system, which still gave them a major voice in day-to-day affairs in communities across the Empire (including the non-Muslim millets). They were powerful enough to reject the military reforms proposed by Sultan Selim III. His successor Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) first won ulama approval before proposing similar reforms. The secularisation program brought by Atatürk ended the ulema and their institutions. The caliphate was abolished, madrasas were closed down, and the sharia courts abolished. He replaced the Arabic alphabet with Latin letters, ended the religious school system, and gave women some political rights. Many rural traditionalists never accepted this secularisation, and by the 1990s they were reasserting a demand for a larger role for Islam.

Question: Did the Ulama have power to dictate what the non-Muslim millets were taught?
Answer: YES

Question: Did the Ulama have power to enforce the laws on the non-Muslim millets?
Answer: NO

Question: Could the millets organize their day-to-day affairs without deferring to the Ulama?
Answer: NO
Passage: Society, government and religion was inter-related in complex ways after about 1800, in a complex overlapping, inefficient system that Atatürk systematically dismantled after 1922. In Constantinople, the Sultan ruled two distinct domains: the secular government and the religious hierarchy. Religious officials formed the Ulama, who had control of religious teachings and theology, and also the Empire's judicial system, giving them a major voice in day-to-day affairs in communities across the Empire (including the non-Muslim millets). They were powerful enough to reject the military reforms proposed by Sultan Selim III. His successor Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839) first won ulama approval before proposing similar reforms. The secularisation program brought by Atatürk ended the ulema and their institutions. The caliphate was abolished, madrasas were closed down, and the sharia courts abolished. He replaced the Arabic alphabet with Latin letters, ended the religious school system, and gave women some political rights. Many rural traditionalists never accepted this secularisation, and by the 1990s they were reasserting a demand for a larger role for Islam.

Question: Did the Ulama have power to dictate what the non-Muslim millets were taught?
Answer: YES

Question: Did the Ulama have power to enforce the laws on the non-Muslim millets?
Answer: YES

Question: Could the millets organize their day-to-day affairs without deferring to the Ulama?
Answer: NO