lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: It is difficult to distinguish an extinct volcano from a dormant (inactive) one. Dormant volcanoes are those that have not erupted for thousands of years, but are likely to erupt again in the future. Volcanoes are often considered to be extinct if there are no written records of its activity. Nevertheless, volcanoes may remain dormant for a long period of time. For example, Yellowstone has a repose/recharge period of around 700,000 years, and Toba of around 380,000 years. Vesuvius was described by Roman writers as having been covered with gardens and vineyards before its eruption of 79 CE, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Pinatubo was easy to miss, and most local residents were unaware of its volcanic nature prior to the disaster that occurred in 1991 when it erupted. Two other examples are the long-dormant Soufrière Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat, thought to be extinct before activity resumed in 1995, and Fourpeaked Mountain in Alaska, which, before its September 2006 eruption, had not erupted since before 8000 BCE and had long been thought to be extinct.

Question: From the way Pinatubo is described in the passage, is it reasonable to assume that it was of fairly modest height, and/or lacking in the usual cone shape that is commonly associated with volcanoes?
Answer: YES
Passage: It is difficult to distinguish an extinct volcano from a dormant (inactive) one. Dormant volcanoes are those that have not erupted for thousands of years, but are likely to erupt again in the future. Volcanoes are often considered to be extinct if there are no written records of its activity. Nevertheless, volcanoes may remain dormant for a long period of time. For example, Yellowstone has a repose/recharge period of around 700,000 years, and Toba of around 380,000 years. Vesuvius was described by Roman writers as having been covered with gardens and vineyards before its eruption of 79 CE, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Before its catastrophic eruption of 1991, Pinatubo was a volcano of significant size, yet it was relatively inconspicuous within the terrain and hence unknown to most people in the surrounding areas. Two other examples are the long-dormant Soufrière Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat, thought to be extinct before activity resumed in 1995, and Fourpeaked Mountain in Alaska, which, before its September 2006 eruption, had not erupted since before 8000 BCE and had long been thought to be extinct.

Question: From the way Pinatubo is described in the passage, is it reasonable to assume that it was of fairly modest height, and/or lacking in the usual cone shape that is commonly associated with volcanoes?
Answer: NO

Question: Would it be fair to conclude that Pinatubo was surrounded by high ridges of rocky mountains, perhaps also heavily forested, from the way it is described in this passage?
Answer: YES
Passage: It is difficult to distinguish an extinct volcano from a dormant (inactive) one. Dormant volcanoes are those that have not erupted for thousands of years, but are likely to erupt again in the future. Volcanoes are often considered to be extinct if there are no written records of its activity. Nevertheless, volcanoes may remain dormant for a long period of time. For example, Yellowstone has a repose/recharge period of around 700,000 years, and Toba of around 380,000 years. Vesuvius was described by Roman writers as having been covered with gardens and vineyards before its eruption of 79 CE, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Before its catastrophic eruption of 1991, Pinatubo was an obvious and conspicuous volcano, yet the potential for eruption was unknown to most people in the surrounding areas. Two other examples are the long-dormant Soufrière Hills volcano on the island of Montserrat, thought to be extinct before activity resumed in 1995, and Fourpeaked Mountain in Alaska, which, before its September 2006 eruption, had not erupted since before 8000 BCE and had long been thought to be extinct.

Question: From the way Pinatubo is described in the passage, is it reasonable to assume that it was of fairly modest height, and/or lacking in the usual cone shape that is commonly associated with volcanoes?
Answer: NO

Question: Would it be fair to conclude that Pinatubo was surrounded by high ridges of rocky mountains, perhaps also heavily forested, from the way it is described in this passage?
Answer: NO

Question: If you took a poll of residents in 1990, would most of those who recognized the name affirm that the volcano itself was extinct?
Answer: YES
Passage: When Tompkins became Vice President, he was in poor health, due to a fall from a horse on November 3, 1814. His finances were also quite poor. During the War of 1812, he had personally financed New York's war effort with borrowed money, but did not adequately document his expenses. Both the New York legislature and the federal government refused him full reimbursement. He also slipped into alcoholism. With poor physical and financial health, Tompkins spent much of his Vice Presidency outside of Washington, D.C., and Tompkins made for a poor presiding officer of the Senate while it debated the Missouri Compromise in 1820. In 1823, Tompkins finally won compensation from the federal government, but he continued to drink heavily and was unable to resolve his business affairs.

Question: Would you ever have found a check in Tompkins' home from New York state dated 1812 or later?
Answer: NO

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward New York?
Answer: YES

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward the federal government?
Answer: YES
Passage: When Tompkins became Vice President, he was in poor health, due to a fall from a horse on November 3, 1814. His finances were also quite poor. During the War of 1812, he had personally financed New York's war effort with borrowed money, but did not adequately document his expenses. Both the New York legislature and the federal government turned him down for full reimbursement. He also slipped into alcoholism. With poor physical and financial health, Tompkins spent much of his Vice Presidency outside of Washington, D.C., and Tompkins made for a poor presiding officer of the Senate while it debated the Missouri Compromise in 1820. In 1823, Tompkins finally won compensation from the federal government, but he continued to drink heavily and was unable to resolve his business affairs.

Question: Would you ever have found a check in Tompkins' home from New York state dated 1812 or later?
Answer: NO

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward New York?
Answer: YES

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward the federal government?
Answer: YES
Passage: When Tompkins became Vice President, he was in poor health, due to a fall from a horse on November 3, 1814. His finances were also quite poor. During the War of 1812, he had personally financed New York's war effort with borrowed money, but did not adequately document his expenses. The federal government, but not the New York legislature, refused him full reimbursement. He also slipped into alcoholism. With poor physical and financial health, Tompkins spent much of his Vice Presidency outside of Washington, D.C., and Tompkins made for a poor presiding officer of the Senate while it debated the Missouri Compromise in 1820. In 1823, Tompkins finally won compensation from the federal government, but he continued to drink heavily and was unable to resolve his business affairs.

Question: Would you ever have found a check in Tompkins' home from New York state dated 1812 or later?
Answer: YES

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward New York?
Answer: NO

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward the federal government?
Answer: YES
Passage: When Tompkins became Vice President, he was in poor health, due to a fall from a horse on November 3, 1814. His finances were also surprisingly quite poor. During the War of 1812, he had personally financed New York's war effort with borrowed money, but did not adequately document his expenses. Despite this, both the New York legislature and the federal government allowed him full reimbursement. He also slipped into alcoholism. With poor physical and financial health, Tompkins spent much of his Vice Presidency outside of Washington, D.C., and Tompkins made for a poor presiding officer of the Senate while it debated the Missouri Compromise in 1820. In 1823, even though he had received compensation from the federal government, he continued to drink heavily and was unable to resolve his business affairs.

Question: Would you ever have found a check in Tompkins' home from New York state dated 1812 or later?
Answer: YES

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward New York?
Answer: NO

Question: After 1812, did Tompkins likely feel vindictive toward the federal government?
Answer: NO
Passage: After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, " became the official anthem of the emperor of the Austrian Empire. After the death of Francis II new lyrics were composed in 1854, "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze", that mentioned the Emperor, but not by name. With those new lyrics, the song continued to be the anthem of Imperial Austria and later of Austria-Hungary. Austrian monarchists continued to use this anthem after 1918 in the hope of restoring the monarchy. The adoption of the Austrian anthem's melody by Germany in 1922 was not opposed by Austria.

Question: Was Austria okay with Germany using their national anthem's melody?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Austria reject the idea of Germany adopting the Austrian anthem's melody?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Germany want to adopt the melody of the Austrian anthem?
Answer: YES
Passage: After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, " became the official anthem of the emperor of the Austrian Empire. After the death of Francis II new lyrics were composed in 1854, "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze", that mentioned the Emperor, but not by name. With those new lyrics, the song continued to be the anthem of Imperial Austria and later of Austria-Hungary. Austrian monarchists continued to use this anthem after 1918 in the hope of restoring the monarchy. Austria allowed Germany to adopt the melody of their anthem in 1922. .

Question: Was Austria okay with Germany using their national anthem's melody?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Austria reject the idea of Germany adopting the Austrian anthem's melody?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Germany want to adopt the melody of the Austrian anthem?
Answer: YES
Passage: After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, " became the official anthem of the emperor of the Austrian Empire. After the death of Francis II new lyrics were composed in 1854, "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze", that mentioned the Emperor, but not by name. With those new lyrics, the song continued to be the anthem of Imperial Austria and later of Austria-Hungary. Austrian monarchists continued to use this anthem after 1918 in the hope of restoring the monarchy. Germany did not resist adopting the melody of Austria's anthem in 1922.

Question: Was Austria okay with Germany using their national anthem's melody?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Austria reject the idea of Germany adopting the Austrian anthem's melody?
Answer: NO
Passage: After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, " became the official anthem of the emperor of the Austrian Empire. After the death of Francis II new lyrics were composed in 1854, "Gott erhalte, Gott beschütze", that mentioned the Emperor, but not by name. With those new lyrics, the song continued to be the anthem of Imperial Austria and later of Austria-Hungary. Austrian monarchists continued to use this anthem after 1918 in the hope of restoring the monarchy. The Austrian anthem's melody was approved for German adoption in 1922 by both parties.

Question: Was Austria okay with Germany using their national anthem's melody?
Answer: YES

Question: Did Austria reject the idea of Germany adopting the Austrian anthem's melody?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Germany want to adopt the melody of the Austrian anthem?
Answer: YES
Passage: Intolerance of dissident forms of Protestantism also continued, as evidenced by the exodus of the Pilgrims, who sought refuge, first in the Netherlands, and ultimately in America, founding Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia, was involved in a case which had a profound effect upon future American laws and those of England. In a classic case of jury nullification, the jury refused to convict William Penn of preaching a Quaker sermon, which was illegal. Even though the jury was imprisoned for their acquittal, they stood by their decision and helped establish the freedom of religion.

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching a Quaker sermon?
Answer: YES

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching any kind of sermon?
Answer: NO
Passage: Intolerance of dissident forms of Protestantism also continued, as evidenced by the exodus of the Pilgrims, who sought refuge, first in the Netherlands, and ultimately in America, founding Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia, was involved in a case which had a profound effect upon future American laws and those of England. In a classic case of jury nullification, the jury refused to convict William Penn of preaching a Quaker sermon, which was against the law. Even though the jury was imprisoned for their acquittal, they stood by their decision and helped establish the freedom of religion.

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching a Quaker sermon?
Answer: YES

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching any kind of sermon?
Answer: NO
Passage: Intolerance of dissident forms of Protestantism also continued, as evidenced by the exodus of the Pilgrims, who sought refuge, first in the Netherlands, and ultimately in America, founding Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia, was involved in a case which had a profound effect upon future American laws and those of England. In a classic case of jury nullification, the jury refused to convict William Penn of preaching a sermon, which was illegal . Even though the jury was imprisoned for their acquittal, they stood by their decision and helped establish the freedom of religion.

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching a Quaker sermon?
Answer: YES

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching any kind of sermon?
Answer: YES

Question: Could someone expect the government of William Penn's time to try to extrajudicially imprison them if they preach a Quaker sermon?
Answer: YES
Passage: Intolerance of dissident forms of Protestantism also continued, as evidenced by the exodus of the Pilgrims, who sought refuge, first in the Netherlands, and ultimately in America, founding Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620. William Penn, the founder of Philadelphia, was involved in a case which had a profound effect upon future American laws and those of England. In a classic case of juries upholding the law, the jury refused to convict William Penn of preaching a Quaker sermon, because it was was legal . The jury was not imprisoned for their acquittal, and they stood by their decision and helped establish the freedom of religion.

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching a Quaker sermon?
Answer: NO

Question: Should someone in William Penn's time be expected to face criminal penalty for teaching any kind of sermon?
Answer: NO

Question: Could someone expect the government of William Penn's time to try to extrajudicially imprison them if they preach a Quaker sermon?
Answer: NO
Passage: In the American Civil War (1861–65), as was typical of the 19th century, more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents. Conditions were poor in the Confederacy, where doctors and medical supplies were in short supply. The war had a dramatic long-term impact on medicine in the U.S., from surgical technique to hospitals to nursing and to research facilities. Weapon development -particularly the appearance of Springfield Model 1861, mass-produced and much more accurate than muskets led to generals underestimating the risks of long range rifle fire; risks exemplified in the death of John Sedgwick and the disastrous Pickett's Charge. The rifles could shatter bone forcing amputation and longer ranges meant casualties were sometimes not quickly found. Evacuation of the wounded from Second Battle of Bull Run took a week. As in earlier wars, untreated casualties sometimes survived unexpectedly due to maggots debriding the wound -an observation which led to the surgical use of maggots -still a useful method in the absence of effective antibiotics.

Question: Did all wounded casualties get to pick something from a list of treatment options?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the survival rate of American Civil War soldiers have been lower if nature hadn't intervened?
Answer: YES

Question: Would maggots have ever been considered for medical use if American Civil War casualties were left waiting for treatment in a sterile environment?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: In the American Civil War (1861–65), as was typical of the 19th century, more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents. Conditions were poor in the Confederacy, where doctors and medical supplies were in short supply. The war had a dramatic long-term impact on medicine in the U.S., from surgical technique to hospitals to nursing and to research facilities. Weapon development -particularly the appearance of Springfield Model 1861, mass-produced and much more accurate than muskets led to generals underestimating the risks of long range rifle fire; risks exemplified in the death of John Sedgwick and the disastrous Pickett's Charge. The rifles could shatter bone forcing amputation and longer ranges meant casualties were sometimes not quickly found. Evacuation of the wounded from Second Battle of Bull Run took a week. As in earlier wars, casualties waiting for treatment sometimes survived unexpectedly due to maggots debriding the wound -an observation which led to the surgical use of maggots -still a useful method in the absence of effective antibiotics.

Question: Did all wounded casualties get to pick something from a list of treatment options?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the survival rate of American Civil War soldiers have been lower if nature hadn't intervened?
Answer: YES
Passage: In the American Civil War (1861–65), as was typical of the 19th century, more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents. Conditions were poor in the Confederacy, where doctors and medical supplies were in short supply. The war had a dramatic long-term impact on medicine in the U.S., from surgical technique to hospitals to nursing and to research facilities. Weapon development -particularly the appearance of Springfield Model 1861, mass-produced and much more accurate than muskets led to generals underestimating the risks of long range rifle fire; risks exemplified in the death of John Sedgwick and the disastrous Pickett's Charge. The rifles could shatter bone forcing amputation and longer ranges meant casualties were sometimes not quickly found. Evacuation of the wounded from Second Battle of Bull Run took a week. As in earlier wars, casualties sometimes survived unexpectedly due to maggots from the untreated fields debriding the wound -an observation which led to the surgical use of maggots -still a useful method in the absence of effective antibiotics.

Question: Did all wounded casualties get to pick something from a list of treatment options?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the survival rate of American Civil War soldiers have been lower if nature hadn't intervened?
Answer: YES
Passage: Cro-tatting combines needle tatting with crochet. The cro-tatting tool is a tatting needle with a crochet hook at the end. One can also cro-tat with a bullion crochet hook or a very straight crochet hook. In the 19th century, "crochet tatting" patterns were published which simply called for a crochet hook. One of the earliest patterns is for a crocheted afghan with tatted rings forming a raised design. Patterns are available in English and are equally divided between yarn and thread. In its most basic form, the rings are tatted with a length of plain thread between them, as in single-shuttle tatting. In modern patterns, beginning in the early 20th century, the rings are tatted and the arches or chains are crocheted. Many people consider cro-tatting more difficult than crochet or needle tatting. Some tatting instructors recommend using a tatting needle and a crochet hook to work cro-tatting patterns. Stitches of cro-tatting (and needle tatting before a ring is closed) unravel easily, unlike tatting made with a shuttle.

Question: Does the passage make it sound like the use of a shuttle in crochet was a labor- and time-saving innovation that resulted in less durable finished goods?
Answer: NO
Passage: Cro-tatting combines needle tatting with crochet. The cro-tatting tool is a tatting needle with a crochet hook at the end. One can also cro-tat with a bullion crochet hook or a very straight crochet hook. In the 19th century, "crochet tatting" patterns were published which simply called for a crochet hook. One of the earliest patterns is for a crocheted afghan with tatted rings forming a raised design. Patterns are available in English and are equally divided between yarn and thread. In its most basic form, the rings are tatted with a length of plain thread between them, as in single-shuttle tatting. In modern patterns, beginning in the early 20th century, the rings are tatted and the arches or chains are crocheted. Many people consider cro-tatting more difficult than crochet or needle tatting. Some tatting instructors recommend using a tatting needle and a crochet hook to work cro-tatting patterns. In contrast to tatting that is made through the use of a shuttle, it is easy to unravel stiches made by cro-tatting and by needle tatting if the ring is not yet closed.

Question: Does the passage make it sound like the use of a shuttle in crochet was a labor- and time-saving innovation that resulted in less durable finished goods?
Answer: NO
Passage: Cro-tatting combines needle tatting with crochet. The cro-tatting tool is a tatting needle with a crochet hook at the end. One can also cro-tat with a bullion crochet hook or a very straight crochet hook. In the 19th century, "crochet tatting" patterns were published which simply called for a crochet hook. One of the earliest patterns is for a crocheted afghan with tatted rings forming a raised design. Patterns are available in English and are equally divided between yarn and thread. In its most basic form, the rings are tatted with a length of plain thread between them, as in single-shuttle tatting. In modern patterns, beginning in the early 20th century, the rings are tatted and the arches or chains are crocheted. Many people consider cro-tatting more difficult than crochet or needle tatting. Some tatting instructors recommend using a tatting needle and a crochet hook to work cro-tatting patterns. Stitches of cro-tatting (and even needle tatting before a ring is closed) are difficult to unravel, unlike tatting made with a shuttle.

Question: Does the passage make it sound like the use of a shuttle in crochet was a labor- and time-saving innovation that resulted in less durable finished goods?
Answer: YES