lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: Gottfried Leibniz made a similar argument in 1714 against mechanism (the position that the mind is a machine and nothing more). Leibniz used the thought experiment of expanding the brain until it was the size of a mill. Leibniz found it difficult to imagine that a "mind" capable of "perception" could be constructed using only mechanical processes. In the 1961 short story "The Game" by Anatoly Dneprov, a stadium of people act as switches and memory cells implementing a program to translate a sentence of Portuguese, which was a language that was spoken by absolutely none of the people therein. In 1974, Lawrence Davis imagined duplicating the brain using telephone lines and offices staffed by people, and in 1978 Ned Block envisioned the entire population of China involved in such a brain simulation. This thought experiment is called the China brain, also the "Chinese Nation" or the "Chinese Gym".

Question: In Neprov's 1961 story "The Game," would one of the fictional characters inside of the stadium be able to converse with a native resident of real-world Lisbon or Brasilia?
Answer: NO

Question: In the 1961 short story "The Game" by Anatoly Dneprov, would the inhabitants of the stadium be able to hold a conversation in their own native language with residents of the countries of Portugal or Brazil as they exist in the same fictional world?
Answer: NO

Question: In Dneprov's 1961 story "The Game", would one of the people inside the stadium be able to read an in-universe account of their work if it was titled "O Jogo" (with the content within matching the language of the title)?
Answer: NO
Passage: Gottfried Leibniz made a similar argument in 1714 against mechanism (the position that the mind is a machine and nothing more). Leibniz used the thought experiment of expanding the brain until it was the size of a mill. Leibniz found it difficult to imagine that a "mind" capable of "perception" could be constructed using only mechanical processes. In the 1961 short story "The Game" by Anatoly Dneprov, a stadium of people act as switches and memory cells implementing a program to translate a sentence of Portuguese, a language that none of the inhabitants of this fictional Earth could understand. In 1974, Lawrence Davis imagined duplicating the brain using telephone lines and offices staffed by people, and in 1978 Ned Block envisioned the entire population of China involved in such a brain simulation. This thought experiment is called the China brain, also the "Chinese Nation" or the "Chinese Gym".

Question: In Neprov's 1961 story "The Game," would one of the fictional characters inside of the stadium be able to converse with a native resident of real-world Lisbon or Brasilia?
Answer: NO

Question: In the 1961 short story "The Game" by Anatoly Dneprov, would the inhabitants of the stadium be able to hold a conversation in their own native language with residents of the countries of Portugal or Brazil as they exist in the same fictional world?
Answer: NO

Question: In Dneprov's 1961 story "The Game", would one of the people inside the stadium be able to read an in-universe account of their work if it was titled "O Jogo" (with the content within matching the language of the title)?
Answer: NO
Passage: Gottfried Leibniz made a similar argument in 1714 against mechanism (the position that the mind is a machine and nothing more). Leibniz used the thought experiment of expanding the brain until it was the size of a mill. Leibniz found it difficult to imagine that a "mind" capable of "perception" could be constructed using only mechanical processes. In the 1961 short story "The Game" by Anatoly Dneprov, a stadium of people act as switches and memory cells implementing a program to translate a sentence of Portuguese, a language that none of the game's designers knows, even though everyone in the stadium was a native speaker. In 1974, Lawrence Davis imagined duplicating the brain using telephone lines and offices staffed by people, and in 1978 Ned Block envisioned the entire population of China involved in such a brain simulation. This thought experiment is called the China brain, also the "Chinese Nation" or the "Chinese Gym".

Question: In Neprov's 1961 story "The Game," would one of the fictional characters inside of the stadium be able to converse with a native resident of real-world Lisbon or Brasilia?
Answer: YES

Question: In the 1961 short story "The Game" by Anatoly Dneprov, would the inhabitants of the stadium be able to hold a conversation in their own native language with residents of the countries of Portugal or Brazil as they exist in the same fictional world?
Answer: YES

Question: In Dneprov's 1961 story "The Game", would one of the people inside the stadium be able to read an in-universe account of their work if it was titled "O Jogo" (with the content within matching the language of the title)?
Answer: YES
Passage: Following the creation of the State of Israel and the ensuing war, Jordan seized the part of Palestine they named the West Bank. This included Ramallah. The West Bank was relatively peaceful during the years of Jordanian rule between 1948 and 1967, with its residents enjoying freedom of movement between the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Jordan annexed the West Bank, applying its national law to the conquered territory. However, many Palestinians were jailed for being members of "illegal political parties", which included the Palestine Communist Party and other socialist and pro-independence groups. By 1953, Ramallah's population had doubled, but the economy and infrastructure could not accommodate the influx of poor villagers. Natives of Ramallah began to emigrate, primarily to the United States. By 1956, about one fourth of Ramallah's 6,000 natives had left, with Arabs from the surrounding towns and villages (particularly Hebron) buying the homes and land the émigrés left behind.

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to the Palestine Communist Party expect to be arrested for it?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to a socialist party expect to be arrested for it?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to a pro-independence party be able to announce that publicly without fear of being arrested for it?
Answer: NO
Passage: Following the creation of the State of Israel and the ensuing war, Jordan seized the part of Palestine they named the West Bank. This included Ramallah. The West Bank was relatively peaceful during the years of Jordanian rule between 1948 and 1967, with its residents enjoying freedom of movement between the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Jordan annexed the West Bank, applying its national law to the conquered territory. However, many Palestinians were jailed for being members of " forbidden political parties", which included the Palestine Communist Party and other socialist and pro-independence groups. By 1953, Ramallah's population had doubled, but the economy and infrastructure could not accommodate the influx of poor villagers. Natives of Ramallah began to emigrate, primarily to the United States. By 1956, about one fourth of Ramallah's 6,000 natives had left, with Arabs from the surrounding towns and villages (particularly Hebron) buying the homes and land the émigrés left behind.

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to the Palestine Communist Party expect to be arrested for it?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to a socialist party expect to be arrested for it?
Answer: YES
Passage: Following the creation of the State of Israel and the ensuing war, Jordan seized the part of Palestine they named the West Bank. This included Ramallah. The West Bank was relatively peaceful during the years of Jordanian rule between 1948 and 1967, with its residents enjoying freedom of movement between the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Jordan annexed the West Bank, applying its national law to the conquered territory. However, many Palestinians were jailed for being members of " illegal political parties", which included the Palestine Communist Party and other socialist (but not pro-independence) groups. By 1953, Ramallah's population had doubled, but the economy and infrastructure could not accommodate the influx of poor villagers. Natives of Ramallah began to emigrate, primarily to the United States. By 1956, about one fourth of Ramallah's 6,000 natives had left, with Arabs from the surrounding towns and villages (particularly Hebron) buying the homes and land the émigrés left behind.

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to the Palestine Communist Party expect to be arrested for it?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to a socialist party expect to be arrested for it?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to a pro-independence party be able to announce that publicly without fear of being arrested for it?
Answer: YES
Passage: Following the creation of the State of Israel and the ensuing war, Jordan seized the part of Palestine they named the West Bank. This included Ramallah. The West Bank was relatively peaceful during the years of Jordanian rule between 1948 and 1967, with its residents enjoying freedom of movement between the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. Jordan annexed the West Bank, applying its national law to the conquered territory. However, many Palestinians were jailed for being members of even legal political parties, which included the Palestine Communist Party and other socialist and pro-independence groups. By 1953, Ramallah's population had doubled, but the economy and infrastructure could not accommodate the influx of poor villagers. Natives of Ramallah began to emigrate, primarily to the United States. By 1956, about one fourth of Ramallah's 6,000 natives had left, with Arabs from the surrounding towns and villages (particularly Hebron) buying the homes and land the émigrés left behind.

Question: Would a Palestinian belonging to a pro-independence party be able to announce that publicly without fear of being arrested for it?
Answer: NO
Passage: Charlemagne kept his daughters at home with him and refused to allow them to contract sacramental marriages (though he originally condoned an engagement between his eldest daughter Rotrude and Constantine VI of Byzantium, this engagement was annulled when Rotrude was 11). Charlemagne's opposition to his daughters' marriages may possibly have intended to prevent the creation of cadet branches of the family to challenge the main line, as had been the case with Tassilo of Bavaria. However, he tolerated their extramarital relationships, even rewarding their common-law husbands and treasuring the illegitimate grandchildren they produced for him. He also refused to believe stories of their wild behaviour. After his death the surviving daughters were banished from the court by their brother, the pious Louis, to take up residence in the convents they had been bequeathed by their father. At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle.

Question: Does Charlemagne want cadet branches of the family to be formed?
Answer: NO

Question: Will  Charlemagne's daughters get married ?
Answer: NO

Question: Does Charlemagne tried to make sure cadet branches of the family would not be formed ?
Answer: YES
Passage: Charlemagne kept his daughters at home with him and refused to allow them to contract sacramental marriages (though he originally condoned an engagement between his eldest daughter Rotrude and Constantine VI of Byzantium, this engagement was annulled when Rotrude was 11). Charlemagne's opposition to his daughters' marriages may possibly have intended to avert the creation of cadet branches of the family to challenge the main line, as had been the case with Tassilo of Bavaria. However, he tolerated their extramarital relationships, even rewarding their common-law husbands and treasuring the illegitimate grandchildren they produced for him. He also refused to believe stories of their wild behaviour. After his death the surviving daughters were banished from the court by their brother, the pious Louis, to take up residence in the convents they had been bequeathed by their father. At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle.

Question: Does Charlemagne want cadet branches of the family to be formed?
Answer: NO

Question: Will  Charlemagne's daughters get married ?
Answer: NO

Question: Does Charlemagne tried to make sure cadet branches of the family would not be formed ?
Answer: YES
Passage: Charlemagne kept his daughters at home with him and refused to allow them to contract sacramental marriages (though he originally condoned an engagement between his eldest daughter Rotrude and Constantine VI of Byzantium, this engagement was annulled when Rotrude was 11). Charlemagne's opposition to his daughters' marriages may possibly have intended to prevent the maintenance (not the formation) of cadet branches of the family to challenge the main line, as had been the case with Tassilo of Bavaria. However, he tolerated their extramarital relationships, even rewarding their common-law husbands and treasuring the illegitimate grandchildren they produced for him. He also refused to believe stories of their wild behaviour. After his death the surviving daughters were banished from the court by their brother, the pious Louis, to take up residence in the convents they had been bequeathed by their father. At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle.

Question: Does Charlemagne want cadet branches of the family to be formed?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Does Charlemagne tried to make sure cadet branches of the family would not be formed ?
Answer: NO
Passage: Charlemagne kept his daughters at home with him and refused to allow them to contract sacramental marriages (though he originally condoned an engagement between his eldest daughter Rotrude and Constantine VI of Byzantium, this engagement was annulled when Rotrude was 11). Charlemagne's approval to his daughters' marriages may possibly have intended to allow the formation of cadet branches of the family to challenge the main line, as had been the case with Tassilo of Bavaria. However, he tolerated their extramarital relationships, even rewarding their common-law husbands and treasuring the illegitimate grandchildren they produced for him. He also refused to believe stories of their wild behaviour. After his death the surviving daughters were banished from the court by their brother, the pious Louis, to take up residence in the convents they had been bequeathed by their father. At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle.

Question: Does Charlemagne want cadet branches of the family to be formed?
Answer: YES

Question: Does Charlemagne tried to make sure cadet branches of the family would not be formed ?
Answer: NO
Passage: Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from simple and plentiful precursors such as amino acids, which are readily available and only require a small number of biosynthetic steps for conversion. Neurotransmitters are essential to the function of complex neural systems. The exact number of unique neurotransmitters in humans is unknown, but more than 500 have been identified.

Question: Would someone be able to write out on a piece of paper how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human?
Answer: NO

Question: If someone claims they know how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human, are they likely lying?
Answer: YES

Question: If someone claims they know of 300 unique neurotransmitters in humans, is it likely they are lying?
Answer: NO
Passage: Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from simple and plentiful precursors such as amino acids, which are readily available and only require a small number of biosynthetic steps for conversion. Neurotransmitters are essential to the function of complex neural systems. The exact number of unique neurotransmitters in humans is a mystery, but more than 500 have been identified.

Question: Would someone be able to write out on a piece of paper how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human?
Answer: NO

Question: If someone claims they know how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human, are they likely lying?
Answer: YES

Question: If someone claims they know of 300 unique neurotransmitters in humans, is it likely they are lying?
Answer: NO
Passage: Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from simple and plentiful precursors such as amino acids, which are readily available and only require a small number of biosynthetic steps for conversion. Neurotransmitters are essential to the function of complex neural systems. The exact number of unique neurotransmitters in humans is known, but more than 500 are still unknown.

Question: Would someone be able to write out on a piece of paper how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human?
Answer: YES

Question: If someone claims they know how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human, are they likely lying?
Answer: NO

Question: If someone claims they know of 300 unique neurotransmitters in humans, is it likely they are lying?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by neurotransmitter receptors on the target cell. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from simple and plentiful precursors such as amino acids, which are readily available and only require a small number of biosynthetic steps for conversion. Neurotransmitters are essential to the function of complex neural systems. The exact number of unique neurotransmitters in humans is known, and more than 500 have been identified.

Question: Would someone be able to write out on a piece of paper how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human?
Answer: YES

Question: If someone claims they know how many unique neurotransmitters are in a human, are they likely lying?
Answer: NO

Question: If someone claims they know of 300 unique neurotransmitters in humans, is it likely they are lying?
Answer: NO
Passage: Most Swiss German dialects have rounded front vowels, unlike other High German dialects. Only in Low Alemannic dialects of northwestern Switzerland (mainly Basel) and in Walliser dialects have rounded front vowels been unrounded. In Basel, rounding is being reintroduced because of the influence of other Swiss German dialects.

Question: By listening to the vowels, would a trained linguist be able to draw a distinction between a German speaker from mountainous Swiss regions and one from the highlands of Austria or Southern Germany?
Answer: YES

Question: If a Swiss operative was attempting to conduct espionage in Germany's highlands during the war, could he unintentionally give himself away by pronouncing a front vowel in the way that he normally speaks at home?
Answer: YES
Passage: In contrast to the other High German dialects, most of the Swiss German dialects utilize rounded front vowels. Only in Low Alemannic dialects of northwestern Switzerland (mainly Basel) and in Walliser dialects have rounded front vowels been unrounded. In Basel, rounding is being reintroduced because of the influence of other Swiss German dialects.

Question: By listening to the vowels, would a trained linguist be able to draw a distinction between a German speaker from mountainous Swiss regions and one from the highlands of Austria or Southern Germany?
Answer: YES

Question: If a Swiss operative was attempting to conduct espionage in Germany's highlands during the war, could he unintentionally give himself away by pronouncing a front vowel in the way that he normally speaks at home?
Answer: YES
Passage: Most Swiss German dialects have rounded front vowels, similar to those used in other High German dialects. Only in Low Alemannic dialects of northwestern Switzerland (mainly Basel) and in Walliser dialects have rounded front vowels been unrounded. In Basel, rounding is being reintroduced because of the influence of other Swiss German dialects.

Question: By listening to the vowels, would a trained linguist be able to draw a distinction between a German speaker from mountainous Swiss regions and one from the highlands of Austria or Southern Germany?
Answer: NO

Question: If a Swiss operative was attempting to conduct espionage in Germany's highlands during the war, could he unintentionally give himself away by pronouncing a front vowel in the way that he normally speaks at home?
Answer: NO
Passage: With most work finished on the dam itself (the powerhouse remained uncompleted), a formal dedication ceremony was arranged for September 30, 1935, to coincide with a western tour being made by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The morning of the dedication, it was moved forward three hours from 2 p.m. Pacific time to 11 a.m.; this was done because Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes had reserved a radio slot for the President for 2 p.m. but officials did not realize until the day of the ceremony that the slot was for 2 p.m. Eastern Time. Despite the change in the ceremony time, and temperatures of, 10,000 people were present for the President's speech, in which he avoided mentioning the name of former President Hoover, who was not invited to the ceremony. To mark the occasion, a three-cent stamp was issued by the United States Post Office Department—bearing the name "Boulder Dam", the official name of the dam between 1933 and 1947. After the ceremony, Roosevelt made the first visit by any American president to Las Vegas.

Question: Was the audience expecting to hear from President Hoover?
Answer: NO

Question: If Hoover had been in attendance, would he have been honored by Roosevelt's speech?
Answer: NO
Passage: With most work finished on the dam itself (the powerhouse remained uncompleted), a formal dedication ceremony was arranged for September 30, 1935, to coincide with a western tour being made by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The morning of the dedication, it was moved forward three hours from 2 ;p.m. Pacific time to 11 ;a.m.; this was done because Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes had reserved a radio slot for the President for 2 ;p.m. but officials did not realize until the day of the ceremony that the slot was for 2 ;p.m. Eastern Time. Despite the change in the ceremony time, and temperatures of, 10,000 ;people were present for the President's speech, in which he avoided mentioning the name of former President Hoover, who was absent from the ceremony. To mark the occasion, a three-cent stamp was issued by the United States Post Office Department—bearing the name "Boulder Dam", the official name of the dam between 1933 and 1947. After the ceremony, Roosevelt made the first visit by any American president to Las Vegas.

Question: Was the audience expecting to hear from President Hoover?
Answer: NO

Question: If Hoover had been in attendance, would he have been honored by Roosevelt's speech?
Answer: NO