lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: Cro-tatting combines needle tatting with crochet. The cro-tatting tool is a tatting needle with a crochet hook at the end. One can also cro-tat with a bullion crochet hook or a very straight crochet hook. In the 19th century, "crochet tatting" patterns were published which simply called for a crochet hook. One of the earliest patterns is for a crocheted afghan with tatted rings forming a raised design. Patterns are available in English and are equally divided between yarn and thread. In its most basic form, the rings are tatted with a length of plain thread between them, as in single-shuttle tatting. In modern patterns, beginning in the early 20th century, the rings are tatted and the arches or chains are crocheted. Many people consider cro-tatting more difficult than crochet or needle tatting. Some tatting instructors recommend using a tatting needle and a crochet hook to work cro-tatting patterns. Stitches of cro-tatting (and needle tatting before a ring is closed) still unravel easily, as does tatting made with a shuttle.

Question: If you needed a relatively durable crochet job, perhaps for a single-layer garment, would you be advised to use cro-tatting, a shuttle, or neither?
Answer: neither
Passage: In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround should be taken to be different from (or, at least, a modification of) that typically associated with it, and are often used in this way to express irony. (For example, in the sentence 'The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.' the quotation marks around the word "food" show it is being called that ironically.) They also sometimes appear to be used as a means of adding emphasis, although this usage is usually considered incorrect.

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "quote marks"?
Answer: NO

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "talking marks"?
Answer: NO

Question: I one is reading a paper and sees the term "speechmarks", is the paper likely an informal one?
Answer: YES
Passage: In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known colloquially as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround should be taken to be different from (or, at least, a modification of) that typically associated with it, and are often used in this way to express irony. (For example, in the sentence 'The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.' the quotation marks around the word "food" show it is being called that ironically.) They also sometimes appear to be used as a means of adding emphasis, although this usage is usually considered incorrect.

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "quote marks"?
Answer: NO

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "talking marks"?
Answer: NO

Question: I one is reading a paper and sees the term "speechmarks", is the paper likely an informal one?
Answer: YES
Passage: In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informal ly as quotes, talking marks, or formally as speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround should be taken to be different from (or, at least, a modification of) that typically associated with it, and are often used in this way to express irony. (For example, in the sentence 'The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.' the quotation marks around the word "food" show it is being called that ironically.) They also sometimes appear to be used as a means of adding emphasis, although this usage is usually considered incorrect.

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "quote marks"?
Answer: YES

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "talking marks"?
Answer: NO
Passage: In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known formally as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround should be taken to be different from (or, at least, a modification of) that typically associated with it, and are often used in this way to express irony. (For example, in the sentence 'The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.' the quotation marks around the word "food" show it is being called that ironically.) They also sometimes appear to be used as a means of adding emphasis, although this usage is usually considered incorrect.

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "quote marks"?
Answer: YES

Question: If one were writing a formal paper and referring quotation marks, could one use the term "talking marks"?
Answer: YES

Question: I one is reading a paper and sees the term "speechmarks", is the paper likely an informal one?
Answer: NO
Passage: Much like elephants, manatees are polyphyodonts, and continuously replace their teeth from the back of the jaw. Adults lack incisors, canines, and premolars, and instead have 8 to 10 cheek teeth in their mouth. Manatees have an infinite supply of teeth moving in from the back and shedding in the front, which are continuously formed by a dental capsule behind the tooth-row. These teeth are constantly worn down by the abrasive vascular plants they forage, particularly aquatic grasses. Unlike in manatees, the dugong's teeth do not continually grow back via horizontal tooth replacement. The dugong has two tusks which emerge in males during puberty, and sometime later in life for females after reaching the base of the premaxilla. The number of growth layer groups in a tusk indicates the age of a dugong.

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have incisors, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: NO

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have premolars, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: NO
Passage: Much like elephants, manatees are polyphyodonts, and continuously replace their teeth from the back of the jaw. Adults have an absence of incisors, canines, and premolars, and instead have 8 to 10 cheek teeth in their mouth. Manatees have an infinite supply of teeth moving in from the back and shedding in the front, which are continuously formed by a dental capsule behind the tooth-row. These teeth are constantly worn down by the abrasive vascular plants they forage, particularly aquatic grasses. Unlike in manatees, the dugong's teeth do not continually grow back via horizontal tooth replacement. The dugong has two tusks which emerge in males during puberty, and sometime later in life for females after reaching the base of the premaxilla. The number of growth layer groups in a tusk indicates the age of a dugong.

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have incisors, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: NO

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have premolars, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: NO
Passage: Much like elephants, manatees are polyphyodonts, and continuously replace their teeth from the back of the jaw. Adults lack incisors and canines, but not premolars, and they have 8 to 10 cheek teeth in their mouth. Manatees have an infinite supply of teeth moving in from the back and shedding in the front, which are continuously formed by a dental capsule behind the tooth-row. These teeth are constantly worn down by the abrasive vascular plants they forage, particularly aquatic grasses. Unlike in manatees, the dugong's teeth do not continually grow back via horizontal tooth replacement. The dugong has two tusks which emerge in males during puberty, and sometime later in life for females after reaching the base of the premaxilla. The number of growth layer groups in a tusk indicates the age of a dugong.

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have incisors, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: NO

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have premolars, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: YES
Passage: Much like elephants, manatees are polyphyodonts, and continuously replace their teeth from the back of the jaw. Adults possess incisors, canines, and premolars, and have 8 to 10 cheek teeth in their mouth. Manatees have an infinite supply of teeth moving in from the back and shedding in the front, which are continuously formed by a dental capsule behind the tooth-row. These teeth are constantly worn down by the abrasive vascular plants they forage, particularly aquatic grasses. Unlike in manatees, the dugong's teeth do not continually grow back via horizontal tooth replacement. The dugong has two tusks which emerge in males during puberty, and sometime later in life for females after reaching the base of the premaxilla. The number of growth layer groups in a tusk indicates the age of a dugong.

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have incisors, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: YES

Question: If the skull of an unknown animal is discovered to have premolars, is it possible that the skull belongs to an adult manatee?
Answer: YES
Passage: In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution of 1917, support for socialism grew in trade union ranks, and at the 1921 All-Australian Trades Union Congress a resolution was passed calling for "the socialisation of industry, production, distribution and exchange." The 1922 Labor Party National Conference adopted a similarly worded "socialist objective," which remained official policy for many years. The resolution was immediately qualified, however, by the "Blackburn amendment," which said that "socialisation" was desirable only when was necessary to "eliminate exploitation and other anti-social features." In practice the socialist objective was a dead letter. The only time a federal Labor government chose to nationalise any industry (Ben Chifley's bank nationalisation of 1947), it was held constitutional by the High Court. The commitment to nationalisation was dropped by Gough Whitlam, and Bob Hawke's government carried out many free market reforms including the floating of the dollar and privatisation of state enterprises such as Qantas airways and the Commonwealth Bank.

Question: Has any industry nationalization been carried out by a federal Labor government?
Answer: YES

Question: Has any bank been nationalised in this country's history?
Answer: YES

Question: Can any High Court decision be consulted regarding Ben Chifley's bank nationalisation of 1947?
Answer: YES
Passage: During the next two years, Adenauer changed residences often for fear of reprisals against him, while living on the benevolence of friends. With the help of lawyers in August 1937 he was successful in claiming a pension; he received a cash settlement for his house, which had been taken over by the city of Cologne; his unpaid mortgage, penalties and taxes were waived. With reasonable financial security he managed to live in seclusion for some years. After the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944, he was imprisoned for a second time as an opponent of the regime. He fell ill and credited Eugen Zander, a former municipal worker in Cologne and communist, with saving his life. Zander, then a section Kapo of a labor camp near Bonn, discovered Adenauer's name on a deportation list to the East and managed to get him admitted to a hospital. Adenauer was subsequently rearrested (as was his wife), but in the absence of any evidence against him, was released from prison at Brauweiler in November 1944.

Question: Were prosecutors able to win a case against Adenauer in November of 1944?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Adenauer spend Christmas with his wife in 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Were prosecutors able to convict Adenauer's wife in November of 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: During the next two years, Adenauer changed residences often for fear of reprisals against him, while living on the benevolence of friends. With the help of lawyers in August 1937 he was successful in claiming a pension; he received a cash settlement for his house, which had been taken over by the city of Cologne; his unpaid mortgage, penalties and taxes were waived. With reasonable financial security he managed to live in seclusion for some years. After the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944, he was imprisoned for a second time as an opponent of the regime. He fell ill and credited Eugen Zander, a former municipal worker in Cologne and communist, with saving his life. Zander, then a section Kapo of a labor camp near Bonn, discovered Adenauer's name on a deportation list to the East and managed to get him admitted to a hospital. Adenauer was subsequently rearrested (as was his wife), but due to the lack of proof against him, was released from prison at Brauweiler in November 1944.

Question: Were prosecutors able to win a case against Adenauer in November of 1944?
Answer: NO

Question: Did Adenauer spend Christmas with his wife in 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Were prosecutors able to convict Adenauer's wife in November of 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: During the next two years, Adenauer changed residences often for fear of reprisals against him, while living on the benevolence of friends. With the help of lawyers in August 1937 he was successful in claiming a pension; he received a cash settlement for his house, which had been taken over by the city of Cologne; his unpaid mortgage, penalties and taxes were waived. With reasonable financial security he managed to live in seclusion for some years. After the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944, he was imprisoned for a second time as an opponent of the regime. He fell ill and credited Eugen Zander, a former municipal worker in Cologne and communist, with saving his life. Zander, then a section Kapo of a labor camp near Bonn, discovered Adenauer's name on a deportation list to the East and managed to get him admitted to a hospital. Adenauer was subsequently rearrested as was his wife, but in the absence of evidence against his wife, she was released from prison at Brauweiler in November 1944.

Question: Were prosecutors able to win a case against Adenauer in November of 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Did Adenauer spend Christmas with his wife in 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW

Question: Were prosecutors able to convict Adenauer's wife in November of 1944?
Answer: NO
Passage: During the next two years, Adenauer changed residences often for fear of reprisals against him, while living on the benevolence of friends. With the help of lawyers in August 1937 he was successful in claiming a pension; he received a cash settlement for his house, which had been taken over by the city of Cologne; his unpaid mortgage, penalties and taxes were waived. With reasonable financial security he managed to live in seclusion for some years. After the failed assassination attempt on Hitler in 1944, he was imprisoned for a second time as an opponent of the regime. He fell ill and credited Eugen Zander, a former municipal worker in Cologne and communist, with saving his life. Zander, then a section Kapo of a labor camp near Bonn, discovered Adenauer's name on a deportation list to the East and managed to get him admitted to a hospital. Adenauer was subsequently rearrested (as was his wife), and with all of the evidence against him, was sentenced to prison at Brauweiler in November 1944.

Question: Were prosecutors able to win a case against Adenauer in November of 1944?
Answer: YES

Question: Were prosecutors able to convict Adenauer's wife in November of 1944?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: In the 1980s "Mathematical Games" began to appear only irregularly. Other authors began to share the column, and the June 1986 issue saw the final installment under that title. In 1981, on Gardner's retirement from "Scientific American", the column was replaced by Douglas Hofstadter's "Metamagical Themas", a name that is an anagram of "Mathematical Games".

Question: If Gardner's only writing for Scientific American was the "Mathematical Games" column, is it reasonable to assume that he could have gone from being a freelance contributor to a full employee of the magazine during the early 1980s?
Answer: NO

Question: Could an avid reader who tried to solve the puzzles given in the column on their own expect to learn the solution (and to start on a new challenge) with the next column on a predictable timetable?
Answer: NO
Passage: In the 1980s due to its growing popularity, the "Mathematical Games" column that had previous appeared only irregularly, became a regular monthly feature. Other authors began to share the column, and the June 1986 issue saw the final installment under that title. In 1986, on Gardner's retirement from "Scientific American", the column was replaced by Douglas Hofstadter's "Metamagical Themas", a name that is an anagram of "Mathematical Games".

Question: If Gardner's only writing for Scientific American was the "Mathematical Games" column, is it reasonable to assume that he could have gone from being a freelance contributor to a full employee of the magazine during the early 1980s?
Answer: YES

Question: If someone gathered all of the issues of Scientific American from 1984 and 1985, would you expect to find a Mathematical Games column in more than half of them?
Answer: YES

Question: Could an avid reader who tried to solve the puzzles given in the column on their own expect to learn the solution (and to start on a new challenge) with the next column on a predictable timetable?
Answer: YES
Passage: In the 1980s "Mathematical Games" began to appear as a regular feature in every other issue. Other authors began to share the column, and the June 1986 issue saw the final installment under that title. In 1986, on Gardner's retirement from "Scientific American", the column was replaced by Douglas Hofstadter's "Metamagical Themas", a name that is an anagram of "Mathematical Games".

Question: Could an avid reader who tried to solve the puzzles given in the column on their own expect to learn the solution (and to start on a new challenge) with the next column on a predictable timetable?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Council was composed of one national minister from each member state. However the Council met in various forms depending upon the topic. For example, if agriculture was being discussed, the Council would be composed of each national minister for agriculture. They represented their governments and were accountable to their national political systems. Votes were taken either by majority (with votes allocated according to population) or unanimity. In these various forms they share some legislative and budgetary power of the Parliament. Since the 1960s the Council also began to meet informally at the level of national leaders; these European summits followed the same presidency system and secretariat as the Council but was not a formal formation of it.

Question: If the representatives at the Council are made up of mostly presidents and prime ministers, is it probable that this is a formal meeting?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a meeting of the Council attended by presidents and prime ministers follow the same presidency system and secretariat as one attended by agricultural ministers?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Council was composed of one national minister from each member state. However the Council met in various forms depending upon the topic. For example, if agriculture was being discussed, the Council would be composed of each national minister for agriculture. They represented their governments and were accountable to their national political systems. Votes were taken either by majority (with votes allocated according to population) or unanimity. In these various forms they share some legislative and budgetary power of the Parliament. Since the 1960s the Council also began to meet casually at the level of national leaders; these European summits followed the same presidency system and secretariat as the Council but was not a formal formation of it.

Question: Would a meeting of the Council attended by presidents and prime ministers follow the same presidency system and secretariat as one attended by agricultural ministers?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Council was composed of one national minister from each member state. However the Council met in various forms depending upon the topic. For example, if agriculture was being discussed, the Council would be composed of each national minister for agriculture. They represented their governments and were accountable to their national political systems. Votes were taken either by majority (with votes allocated according to population) or unanimity. In these various forms they share some legislative and budgetary power of the Parliament. Since the 1960s the Council also began to meet at the level of national leaders; these European summits followed the same presidency system and secretariat as the Council, but unlike the Council, was not an informal formation.

Question: Would a meeting of the Council attended by presidents and prime ministers follow the same presidency system and secretariat as one attended by agricultural ministers?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Council was composed of one national minister from each member state. However the Council met in various forms depending upon the topic. For example, if agriculture was being discussed, the Council would be composed of each national minister for agriculture. They represented their governments and were accountable to their national political systems. Votes were taken either by majority (with votes allocated according to population) or unanimity. In these various forms they share some legislative and budgetary power of the Parliament. Since the 1960s the Council also began to meet formally at the level of national leaders; these European summits followed a different presidency system and secretariat as the Council but was not an unofficial formation of it.

Question: If the representatives at the Council are made up of mostly presidents and prime ministers, is it probable that this is a formal meeting?
Answer: YES
Passage: On 4 March 2016, an incident named Mother Teresa's Massacre in Aden occurred, 16 were killed including 4 Indian Catholic nuns, 2 from Rwanda, and the rest were from India and Kenya, along with a Yemeni, 2 Guards, a cook, 5 Ethiopian women, and all of them were volunteers. One Indian priest named Tom Ozhonaniel was kidnapped. The identities of the attackers are unknown, and media outlets published a statement attributed to Ansar al-Sharia, one of the many jihadist organizations currently active in the country, but the group denies its involvement in the incident.

Question: Could posters of the alleged attackers be distributed in response to this attack, with photos and a reward advertised for information leading to their capture
Answer: NO