lasha-nlp/CONDAQA huggingface dataset:
Passage: A pioneering work of the fantasy genre was "The King of Elfland's Daughter", a 1924 novel by Lord Dunsany. The Elves of Middle-earth played a central role in Tolkien's legendarium, notably "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings"; this legendarium was enormously influential on subsequent fantasy writing. Tolkien's writing had such influence that in the 1960s and afterwards, elves speaking an elvish language similar to those in Tolkien's novels became staple non-human characters in high fantasy works and in fantasy role-playing games. It is apparent that no authors prior to Tolkien had depicted elves as living forever, and Tolkien himself likely introduced this idea. Post-Tolkien fantasy elves (which feature not only in novels but also in role-playing games such as "Dungeons &amp; Dragons") are often portrayed as being wiser and more beautiful than humans, with sharper senses and perceptions as well. They are said to be gifted in magic, mentally sharp and lovers of nature, art, and song. They are often skilled archers. A hallmark of many fantasy elves is their pointed ears.

Question: Given the way that depictions of elves in fiction started to show them getting more skillful and generally more peaceful after Tolkien's work, could you say that the basic idea behind this change was that elves were being depicted as growing wiser after living much longer than authors had previously assumed they would live?
Answer: YES

Question: Based on the way this passage describes Tolkien's characters, if an elf were to die in one of these stories, could the reader assume that the death came about as a result of sudden injury in battle, as a result of grief, or perhaps due to some other cause that humans would call "untimely"?
Answer: YES
Passage: A pioneering work of the fantasy genre was "The King of Elfland's Daughter", a 1924 novel by Lord Dunsany. The Elves of Middle-earth played a central role in Tolkien's legendarium, notably "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings"; this legendarium was enormously influential on subsequent fantasy writing. Tolkien's writing had such influence that in the 1960s and afterwards, elves speaking an elvish language similar to those in Tolkien's novels became staple non-human characters in high fantasy works and in fantasy role-playing games. Tolkien also appears to be the first author to have introduced the notion that elves have finite lifespans, whereas previous authors depicted them as being immortal . Post-Tolkien fantasy elves (which feature not only in novels but also in role-playing games such as "Dungeons &amp; Dragons") are often portrayed as being wiser and more beautiful than humans, with sharper senses and perceptions as well. They are said to be gifted in magic, mentally sharp and lovers of nature, art, and song. They are often skilled archers. A hallmark of many fantasy elves is their pointed ears.

Question: Given the way that depictions of elves in fiction started to show them getting more skillful and generally more peaceful after Tolkien's work, could you say that the basic idea behind this change was that elves were being depicted as growing wiser after living much longer than authors had previously assumed they would live?
Answer: NO

Question: Based on the way this passage describes Tolkien's characters, if an elf were to die in one of these stories, could the reader assume that the death came about as a result of sudden injury in battle, as a result of grief, or perhaps due to some other cause that humans would call "untimely"?
Answer: NO
Passage: A pioneering work of the fantasy genre was "The King of Elfland's Daughter", a 1924 novel by Lord Dunsany. The Elves of Middle-earth played a central role in Tolkien's legendarium, notably "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings"; this legendarium was enormously influential on subsequent fantasy writing. Tolkien's writing had such influence that in the 1960s and afterwards, elves speaking an elvish language similar to those in Tolkien's novels became staple non-human characters in high fantasy works and in fantasy role-playing games. Tolkien also appears to be the first author to have introduced the notion that elves are mortal, with generally-predictable lifespans. Post-Tolkien fantasy elves (which feature not only in novels but also in role-playing games such as "Dungeons &amp; Dragons") are often portrayed as being wiser and more beautiful than humans, with sharper senses and perceptions as well. They are said to be gifted in magic, mentally sharp and lovers of nature, art, and song. They are often skilled archers. A hallmark of many fantasy elves is their pointed ears.

Question: Given the way that depictions of elves in fiction started to show them getting more skillful and generally more peaceful after Tolkien's work, could you say that the basic idea behind this change was that elves were being depicted as growing wiser after living much longer than authors had previously assumed they would live?
Answer: NO

Question: Based on the way this passage describes Tolkien's characters, if an elf were to die in one of these stories, could the reader assume that the death came about as a result of sudden injury in battle, as a result of grief, or perhaps due to some other cause that humans would call "untimely"?
Answer: NO
Passage: Tropical cyclones are a threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. While landfalls are infrequent, the resulting loss of life and property damage makes them a significant hazard to life in the Caribbean. Tropical cyclones that impact the Caribbean often develop off the West coast of Africa and make their way west across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean, while other storms develop in the Caribbean itself. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. On average around 9 tropical storms form each year, with 5 reaching hurricane strength. According to the National Hurricane Center 385 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900.

Question: Is it likely that classes are frequently cancelled during hurricane season in the Caribbean?
Answer: NO
Passage: Tropical cyclones are a threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. While landfalls are rare, the resulting loss of life and property damage makes them a significant hazard to life in the Caribbean. Tropical cyclones that impact the Caribbean often develop off the West coast of Africa and make their way west across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean, while other storms develop in the Caribbean itself. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. On average around 9 tropical storms form each year, with 5 reaching hurricane strength. According to the National Hurricane Center 385 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900.

Question: Is it likely that classes are frequently cancelled during hurricane season in the Caribbean?
Answer: NO
Passage: Tropical cyclones are a minor threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. While landfalls are frequent, the resulting infrequent loss of life and property damage makes them only a small hazard to life in the Caribbean. Tropical cyclones that impact the Caribbean often develop off the West coast of Africa and make their way west across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean, while other storms develop in the Caribbean itself. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. On average around 90 tropical storms form each year, with 50 reaching hurricane strength. According to the National Hurricane Center 3850 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900.

Question: Is there likely a substantial increase in the number of coffins sold during hurricane season in the Caribbean?
Answer: NO

Question: Is it likely that hurricane insurance premiums are expensive for stores in the Caribbean?
Answer: NO
Passage: Tropical cyclones are a threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. Landfalls are frequent, and the resulting loss of life and property damage makes them a significant hazard to life in the Caribbean. Tropical cyclones that impact the Caribbean often develop off the West coast of Africa and make their way west across the Atlantic Ocean toward the Caribbean, while other storms develop in the Caribbean itself. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. On average around 90 tropical storms form each year, with 50 reaching hurricane strength. According to the National Hurricane Center 3850 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900.

Question: Is there likely a substantial increase in the number of coffins sold during hurricane season in the Caribbean?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that classes are frequently cancelled during hurricane season in the Caribbean?
Answer: YES

Question: Is it likely that hurricane insurance premiums are expensive for stores in the Caribbean?
Answer: YES
Passage: The south celestial pole is visible only from the Southern Hemisphere. It lies in the dim constellation Octans, the Octant. Sigma Octantis is identified as the south pole star, more than one degree away from the pole, but with a magnitude of 5.5 it is barely visible on a clear night.

Question: Would inexperienced sailors be able to easily use Sigma Octantis to determine their direction of travel within one compass degree of accuracy on a cloudless night?
Answer: NO

Question: Would inexperienced sailors be able to easily use Sigma Octantis to determine their direction of travel within three compass degrees of accuracy on a cloudless night?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a highly-experienced sailor have any chance of using Sigma Octantis to find their way on a cloudless night?
Answer: YES
Passage: The south celestial pole is visible only from the Southern Hemisphere. It lies in the dim constellation Octans, the Octant. Sigma Octantis is identified as the south pole star, more than one degree away from the pole, but with a magnitude of 5.5 it is only just visible on a clear night.

Question: Would inexperienced sailors be able to easily use Sigma Octantis to determine their direction of travel within one compass degree of accuracy on a cloudless night?
Answer: NO

Question: Would inexperienced sailors be able to easily use Sigma Octantis to determine their direction of travel within three compass degrees of accuracy on a cloudless night?
Answer: NO

Question: Would a highly-experienced sailor have any chance of using Sigma Octantis to find their way on a cloudless night?
Answer: YES
Passage: The south celestial pole is visible only from the Southern Hemisphere. It lies in the dim constellation Octans, the Octant. Sigma Octantis is identified as the south pole star, barely more than one degree away from the pole; with a magnitude of 3.5 it is visible on a clear night.

Question: Would inexperienced sailors be able to easily use Sigma Octantis to determine their direction of travel within three compass degrees of accuracy on a cloudless night?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a highly-experienced sailor have any chance of using Sigma Octantis to find their way on a cloudless night?
Answer: YES
Passage: The south celestial pole is visible only from the Southern Hemisphere. It lies in the dim constellation Octans, the Octant. Sigma Octantis is identified as the south pole star, more than one degree away from the pole; with a magnitude of 3.5 it is visible on a clear night.

Question: Would inexperienced sailors be able to easily use Sigma Octantis to determine their direction of travel within three compass degrees of accuracy on a cloudless night?
Answer: YES

Question: Would a highly-experienced sailor have any chance of using Sigma Octantis to find their way on a cloudless night?
Answer: YES
Passage: In stanza 35 of the "Poetic Edda" poem "Völuspá", a völva tells Odin that, amongst many other things, she sees Sigyn sitting very unhappily with her bound husband, Loki, under a "grove of hot springs". Sigyn is mentioned a second (and final) time in the ending prose section of the poem "Lokasenna". In the prose, Loki has been bound by the gods with the guts of his son Nari, his son Váli is described as having been turned into a wolf, and the goddess Skaði fastens a venomous snake over Loki's face, from which venom drips. Sigyn holds a basin under the dripping venom. The basin grows full, and she pulls it away, during which time venom drops on Loki, causing him to writhe so violently that earthquakes occur that shake the entire earth.

Question: From Sigyn's emotional state, and from what we can learn from the rest of the prose, does it sound like she too is being punished for her husband's actions?
Answer: YES

Question: From what can be gleaned from the passage, is it possible that Sigyn herself is complicit, along with the gods, in enacting a kind of slow torture on her husband?
Answer: DON'T KNOW
Passage: In stanza 35 of the "Poetic Edda" poem "Völuspá", a völva tells Odin that, amongst many other things, she sees Sigyn sitting with her husband Loki, who was lying, unhappily bound under a "grove of hot springs". Sigyn is mentioned a second (and final) time in the ending prose section of the poem "Lokasenna". In the prose, Loki has been bound by the gods with the guts of his son Nari, his son Váli is described as having been turned into a wolf, and the goddess Skaði fastens a venomous snake over Loki's face, from which venom drips. Sigyn holds a basin under the dripping venom. The basin grows full, and she pulls it away, during which time venom drops on Loki, causing him to writhe so violently that earthquakes occur that shake the entire earth.

Question: Could the reader reasonably conclude that Sigyn is acting with anything less than compassion for her husband during this ordeal?
Answer: YES
Passage: In stanza 35 of the "Poetic Edda" poem "Völuspá", a völva tells Odin that, amongst many other things, she sees Sigyn sitting gleefully beside her bound husband, Loki, under a "grove of hot springs". Sigyn is mentioned a second (and final) time in the ending prose section of the poem "Lokasenna". In the prose, Loki has been bound by the gods with the guts of his son Nari, his son Váli is described as having been turned into a wolf, and the goddess Skaði fastens a venomous snake over Loki's face, from which venom drips. Sigyn holds a basin under the dripping venom. The basin grows full, and she pulls it away, during which time venom drops on Loki, causing him to writhe so violently that earthquakes occur that shake the entire earth.

Question: From Sigyn's emotional state, and from what we can learn from the rest of the prose, does it sound like she too is being punished for her husband's actions?
Answer: NO

Question: From what can be gleaned from the passage, is it possible that Sigyn herself is complicit, along with the gods, in enacting a kind of slow torture on her husband?
Answer: YES

Question: Could the reader reasonably conclude that Sigyn is acting with anything less than compassion for her husband during this ordeal?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Battle of the Atlantic began immediately, and from 1943 to 1945 was led by Leonard W. Murray, from Nova Scotia. German U-boats operated in Canadian and Newfoundland waters throughout the war, sinking many naval and merchant vessels. The Canadian army was involved in the failed defence of Hong Kong, the unsuccessful Dieppe Raid in August 1942, the Allied invasion of Italy, and the highly successful invasion of France and the Netherlands in 1944–45.

Question: Would the Canadian army be proud of the outcome of the Dieppe Raid?
Answer: NO

Question: Were many members of the Canadian army likely promoted after the Dieppe Raid?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the Canadian army be proud of the outcome of the invasion of France in 1944?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Battle of the Atlantic began immediately, and from 1943 to 1945 was led by Leonard W. Murray, from Nova Scotia. German U-boats operated in Canadian and Newfoundland waters throughout the war, sinking many naval and merchant vessels. The Canadian army was involved in the failed defence of Hong Kong, the foiled Dieppe Raid in August 1942, the Allied invasion of Italy, and the highly successful invasion of France and the Netherlands in 1944–45.

Question: Would the Canadian army be proud of the outcome of the Dieppe Raid?
Answer: NO

Question: Were many members of the Canadian army likely promoted after the Dieppe Raid?
Answer: NO

Question: Would the Canadian army be proud of the outcome of the invasion of France in 1944?
Answer: YES
Passage: The Battle of the Atlantic began immediately, and from 1943 to 1945 was led by Leonard W. Murray, from Nova Scotia. German U-boats operated in Canadian and Newfoundland waters throughout the war, sinking many naval and merchant vessels. The Canadian army was involved in the failed defence of Hong Kong, the Dieppe Raid in August 1942, the Allied invasion of Italy, and the highly unsuccessful invasion of France and the Netherlands in 1944–45.

Question: Would the Canadian army be proud of the outcome of the invasion of France in 1944?
Answer: NO
Passage: The Battle of the Atlantic began immediately, and from 1943 to 1945 was led by Leonard W. Murray, from Nova Scotia. German U-boats operated in Canadian and Newfoundland waters throughout the war, sinking many naval and merchant vessels. The Canadian army was involved in the failed defence of Hong Kong, the Dieppe Raid in August 1942, the Allied invasion of Italy, and the highly successful invasion of France and the Netherlands in 1944–45.

Question: Would the Canadian army be proud of the outcome of the invasion of France in 1944?
Answer: YES
Passage: Arbuscular mycorrhizas are formed only by fungi in the division Glomeromycota. Fossil evidence and DNA sequence analysis suggest that this mutualism appeared 400-460 million years ago, when the first plants were colonizing land. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are found in 85% of all plant families, and occur in many crop species. The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce the glycoprotein glomalin, which may be one of the major stores of carbon in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have (possibly) been asexual for many millions of years and, unusually, individuals can contain many genetically different nuclei (a phenomenon called heterokaryosis).

Question: Do all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: NO

Question: Do any arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: NO

Question: Can an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus who is isolated from others of its species reproduce?
Answer: YES
Passage: Arbuscular mycorrhizas are formed only by fungi in the division Glomeromycota. Fossil evidence and DNA sequence analysis suggest that this mutualism appeared 400-460 million years ago, when the first plants were colonizing land. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are found in 85% of all plant families, and occur in many crop species. The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce the glycoprotein glomalin, which may be one of the major stores of carbon in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have (possibly) been reproducing individually for many millions of years and, unusually, individuals can contain many genetically different nuclei (a phenomenon called heterokaryosis).

Question: Do all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: NO

Question: Can an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus who is isolated from others of its species reproduce?
Answer: YES
Passage: Arbuscular mycorrhizas are formed only by fungi in the division Glomeromycota. Fossil evidence and DNA sequence analysis suggest that this mutualism appeared 400-460 million years ago, when the first plants were colonizing land. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are found in 85% of all plant families, and occur in many crop species. The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce the glycoprotein glomalin, which may be one of the major stores of carbon in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have (possibly) been reproducing for many millions of years and, unusually, some individuals are asexual and can contain many genetically different nuclei (a phenomenon called heterokaryosis).

Question: Do all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: NO

Question: Do any arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: YES
Passage: Arbuscular mycorrhizas are formed only by fungi in the division Glomeromycota. Fossil evidence and DNA sequence analysis suggest that this mutualism appeared 400-460 million years ago, when the first plants were colonizing land. Arbuscular mycorrhizas are found in 85% of all plant families, and occur in many crop species. The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce the glycoprotein glomalin, which may be one of the major stores of carbon in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have (possibly) been reproducing sexually for many millions of years and, unusually, individuals can contain many genetically different nuclei (a phenomenon called heterokaryosis).

Question: Do all arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: YES

Question: Do any arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to interact with other individuals of their species to produce offspring?
Answer: YES

Question: Can an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus who is isolated from others of its species reproduce?
Answer: NO
Passage: Simple fornication: Simple fornication is having sex with one's wife for enjoyment rather than for bearing children. Fornication is also sex between two unmarried people, which is also a mortal sin. Aquinas says that "fornication is a deadly crime" (pg. 213). Fornication is a mortal sin, but as Aquinas notes, "Pope Gregory treated sins of the flesh as less grievous than those of the spirit" (pg. 217). Fornication was a grave sin such as that against property. Fornication, however, is not as grave as a sin directly against God and human life; therefore, murder is much worse than fornication. Property in this case means that a daughter is the property of her father, and if one does wrong to her, one then does wrong to him; therefore seducing a virgin or seeking pleasure from an unmarried woman is an invasion of a father's property.

Question: Is a married woman considered the property of her unmarried father?
Answer: NO

Question: Is a single woman considered the property of her married father?
Answer: YES

Question: Is a married woman considered the property of her father?
Answer: NO
Passage: Simple fornication: Simple fornication is having sex with one's wife for enjoyment rather than for bearing children. Fornication is also sex between two unmarried people, which is also a mortal sin. Aquinas says that "fornication is a deadly crime" (pg. 213). Fornication is a mortal sin, but as Aquinas notes, "Pope Gregory treated sins of the flesh as less grievous than those of the spirit" (pg. 217). Fornication was a grave sin such as that against property. Fornication, however, is not as grave as a sin directly against God and human life; therefore, murder is much worse than fornication. Property in this case means that a daughter is the property of her father, and if one does wrong to her, one then does wrong to him; therefore seducing a virgin or seeking pleasure from a single woman is an invasion of a father's property.

Question: Is a married woman considered the property of her unmarried father?
Answer: NO

Question: Is a single woman considered the property of her married father?
Answer: YES

Question: Is a married woman considered the property of her father?
Answer: NO