laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can a medical condition cause indigestion?
output: An individual's risk increases with: Excess alcohol consumption Use of drugs that may irritate the stomach, such as aspirin and other pain relievers Conditions where there is an abnormality in the digestive tract, such as an ulcer Emotional problems, such as anxiety or depression Indigestion has many causes, including: Diseases: Ulcers GERD Stomach cancer (rare) Gastroparesis (a condition where the stomach doesn't empty properly; this often occurs in people with diabetes) Stomach infections Irritable bowel syndrome Chronic pancreatitis Thyroid disease Pregnancy Medications: Aspirin and other painkillers, such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil), and naproxen ( Naprosyn) Estrogen and oral contraceptives Steroid medications Certain antibiotics Thyroid medicines Lifestyle: Eating too much, eating too fast, eating high-fat foods, or eating during stressful situations Drinking too much alcohol Cigarette smoking Stress and fatigue Indigestion is not caused by excess stomach acid.
system: How can you eat to avoid indigestion?
output: The best way to prevent indigestion is to avoid the foods and situations that seem to cause it. Keeping a food diary is helpful in identifying foods that cause indigestion. Here are some other suggestions: Eat small meals so the stomach does not have to work as hard or as long. Eat slowly. Avoid foods that contain high amounts of acids, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes. Reduce or avoid foods and beverages that contain caffeine.
system: Can lifestyle habits cause indigestion?
output: Eat slowly.
system: What does a physical exam for Chiari malformation check?
output: The doctor will also check functions controlled by the cerebellum and spinal cord. These functions include: balance touch reflexes sensation motor skills The doctor may order diagnostic tests, such as: X-ray CT scan MRI An MRI is the test most often used to diagnose Chiari malformations.
system: What are the most common symptoms of Chiari malformation?
output: Older children with type II Chiari malformation may develop head pain associated with: coughing or sneezing bending over strenuous physical activities straining to have a bowel movement Some of the most common symptoms are linked to problems with the function of nerves in the brain stem. These include: weakness of vocal cords swallowing difficulties breathing irregularities serious changes in the function of nerves in the throat and tongue If a Chiari malformation is suspected, a doctor will perform a physical exam.
system: What are the treatments for Chiari malformations?
output: If Chiari malformations cause no symptoms and do not interfere with activities of daily living, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, medications can be used to manage symptoms such as pain. Surgery is the only treatment that can correct functional defects or stop progression of damage to the central nervous system. In both type I and type II Chiari malformations, the goals of surgery are to: Relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord Re-establish normal fluid circulation through and around the area In adults and children with Chiari malformations, several types of surgery can be performed.
system: What are the diagnostic tests for Chiari malformation?
output: These functions include: balance touch reflexes sensation motor skills The doctor may order diagnostic tests, such as: X-ray CT scan MRI An MRI is the test most often used to diagnose Chiari malformations.
system: When do Chiari malformations happen?
output: Most Chiari malformations occur during fetal development. Much less commonly, Chiari malformations can occur later in life.
system: Does surgery work for Chiari malformation?
output: According to Children's Hospital in Boston, which specializes in the treatment of Chiari malformations, surgery virtually eliminates symptoms in 50% of pediatric cases. Surgery substantially reduces symptoms in another 45% of cases.
system: What are the symptoms of Chiari malformation?
output: Some people with Chiari malformations may have no symptoms. Others may have symptoms such as: dizziness muscle weakness numbness vision problems headaches problems with balance and coordination Chiari malformations affect females more often than males.
system: What are the symptoms of type 2 Chiari malformation?
output: Dizziness and problems with balance and coordination Swallowing difficulties Sleep apnea Most children born with type II Chiari malformation have hydrocephalus. Older children with type II Chiari malformation may develop head pain associated with: coughing or sneezing bending over strenuous physical activities straining to have a bowel movement Some of the most common symptoms are linked to problems with the function of nerves in the brain stem.
system: What is Chiari malformation?
output: That's the part of the brain that controls balance.
system: What are the symptoms of type 1 Chiari malformation?
output: This usually causes severe neurological defects. Most people with the condition don't even know that they have it unless it is incidentally discovered during a diagnostic imaging test. But if the malformation is severe, type I may cause symptoms such as: Pain in the lower back of the head into the neck; it usually develops quickly and intensifies with any activity that increases pressure in the brain, such as coughing and sneezing.
system: What usually causes Chiari malformation?
output: Chiari malformations are usually caused by structural defects in the brain and spinal cord. Due to genetic mutations or a maternal diet that lacked certain nutrients, the indented bony space at the base of the skull is abnormally small. As a result, pressure is placed on the cerebellum. That's the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord.
system: How many times does your heart beat each day?
output: This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping five or six quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons per day.
system: How do heart valve works?
output: The aortic and pulmonic valves lie between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart. The heart valves work the same way as one-way valves in the plumbing of your home. They prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction. Each valve has a set of flaps, called leaflets or cusps. The mitral valve has two leaflets; the others have three. The leaflets are attached to and supported by a ring of tough, fibrous tissue called the annulus. The annulus helps to maintain the proper shape of the valve.
system: Where in your body is your heart located?
output: The heart is located under the rib cage, slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum) and between your lungs.
system: What are collateral blood vessels in the heart?
output: If this happens, a network of tiny blood vessels in the heart that aren't usually open called collateral vessels may enlarge and become active.
system: What is the circulatory system?
output: As the heart beats, it pumps blood through a system of blood vessels, called the circulatory system. The vessels are elastic, muscular tubes that carry blood to every part of the body.
system: What are the right and left coronary arteries?
output: On the surface of the heart, there are coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself. Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet: Right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and right ventricle with blood. It branches into the posterior descending artery, which supplies the bottom portion of the left ventricle and back of the septum with blood. Left main coronary artery branches into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery.
system: What causes an astigmatism?
output: It's a big word, but it simply means your eye isn't completely round. We don't know the exact cause. You can also get it after an eye injury, eye disease, or surgery. There's a myth that you can get it if you read in low light or sit too close to the TV, but that isn't true.
system: How are most cases of astigmatism treated?
output: Almost all cases can be corrected with glasses or contacts. But if you only have a slight astigmatism -- your doctor may refer to it as a degree -- and you don't have another vision problem, you may not need them. There's more than one type, so your doctor will help you pick the one that's right for you.
system: Do I need to pay attention to caloric intake and burning if I want to lose weight?
output: That's just one approach. To create your own weight loss plan, you might ask your doctor to refer you to a registered dietitian, who can give you eating tips and help you make a plan.
system: What are some small long-term diet goals for people with diabetes?
output: Try these goals on for size. Which ones fit your lifestyle? I'll eat whole-grain cereal and skim milk instead of a muffin for breakfast 4 days a week. I'll cut back on eating out, or I'll plan before I do by looking at the menu online and deciding ahead of time what to order. I'll eat blueberries and nonfat yogurt instead of ice cream. I'll use the " Plate Method" to help manage my portions. Non-starchy vegetables and fruits go on half the plate, starchy foods such as brown rice go on 1/4 of the plate, and lean proteins such as skinless poultry, fish, and lean meat go on the other 1/4th. I'll write down everything I eat for 2 weeks.
system: How can I avoid getting bored with my exercises for diabetes?
output: Plan different activities you can do during the week. Experts recommend a mix of aerobic and strength-training exercises. Aerobic exercise could include walking, climbing stairs, dancing, or swimming. Strength training uses weights or exercise bands to strengthen muscles. It should be part of your exercise routine at least 2-3 days a week. Tell your doctor before you start an exercise program to make sure it's safe for you.
system: Where do I begin if I want to lose weight for diabetes?
output: Start with these three steps: Ask yourself why you want to lose weight, and why now. Set clear goals that you can follow to help you lose weight and keep it off. Think about the hurdles you might face, and plan ways to get over them.
system: How can I go about making small daily changes to lose weight?
output: Diabetes and Your Weight: Healthy Weight Loss Tips Plan for Weight Loss Challenges Think about all the things that happen during the day that make you want to overeat or make less-than-healthy choices. Job stress can be one, especially if your office mate keeps a tin of chocolate on her desk. Boredom can also trigger mindless snacking, and so can watching TV. Create a list of your biggest hurdles and how to deal with each one. At work, for example, vary your path to your desk so you don't see your colleague's tempting chocolate. At home, take on a small project or new hobby that keeps you away from the TV.
system: How can I lose weight to improve diabetes without making big life changes?
output: Anything... Read the Women's Top Diabetes Concerns article > > You can do it by making small changes in what and how much you eat and by getting exercise most days. This can help you lose 1 to 2 pounds a week. In 7 to 10 weeks, you can lose about 10 pounds. You'll improve your health, and you might even be able to cut back on your diabetes drugs if your doctor gives you the OK. You might be thinking, " Well, I've tried this before and never got anywhere." The key is to think in terms of small steps. You're not trying to lose 50 pounds -- just a few pounds will do.
system: How can I avoid unhealthy snacking during the day?
output: Keep on hand healthy snacks that are also tasty and filling for the times when cravings are likely to strike. Keep water handy as well, and don't forget to drink it. Water can make you feel full and has zero calories.
system: What are some small long-term exercise goals for people with diabetes?
output: Diabetes and Your Weight: Healthy Weight Loss Tips Set Fitness Goals You Can Meet Be active every day. It will help you control blood sugar levels and boost your energy and overall mood. Moving your body every day will also help you take off extra weight. Look over these goals: I will walk around the neighborhood after dinner for 30 minutes on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. I will get off the bus two stops early and walk the rest of the way to work. I will sign up for the weekly low-impact aerobics class at the gym. I will track my exercise every day by writing it on my personal calendar.
system: Why does my weight keep coming back after losing it?
output: Set Eating Goals You Can Meet Crash diets or those that limit you to a few foods are tough to keep up over the long haul, and your lost weight is likely to come back. In the long run, it's better to start with a smaller goal, like losing 10 pounds. Set a doable date for reaching this goal. Then focus on making healthy changes in your eating and exercise habits.
system: How many calories do I need to burn to lose weight?
output: Calories and Weight Loss Keep in mind that you need to burn 3,500 more calories than usual to lose 1 pound. To lose 1 pound a week, you could cut 500 calories a day from what you eat, or bump up your exercise to burn 500 more calories a day. Or you could do some of each. For instance, if you skip the cheese on your lunchtime sandwich, drink seltzer with lime instead of a regular soda, and eat a fun-sized candy bar instead of a large one, you'll cut out 300 calories. ( Food labels and serving sizes can help you know how much you're cutting.) Add a 30-minute brisk walk and you'll burn about 200 more calories. You've met the 500 calorie goal!
system: What if exercising makes me frustrated or self-critical?
output: At home, take on a small project or new hobby that keeps you away from the TV. A lifestyle change is hard, and you deserve to feel proud of your efforts. Over time, you'll see the benefits of these changes in the form of better overall health and well-being. Stick with your new healthy habits, and as time goes by, you're likely to meet, and perhaps pass, your first weight loss goal.
system: How can I stay motivated to work out as a diabetic?
output: No matter how much you want to lose, it helps to plan ahead for weight loss before you start trying to drop those extra pounds. Think about why it's important to you. This will help you keep on track through the tough times of low drive or high temptation. What inspires you to lose weight? Do you want to be able to keep up with your children as they get older and more active? Is there a charity walk or run you've always wanted to join? Are you tired of feeling tired? Do you want to manage your diabetes more easily? Are you planning a big vacation and want to be fit enough to fully enjoy it? Do you want to lower your chances of heart disease and other health problems? Whatever your reasons, write them down, and post them on the refrigerator door or somewhere you can see them. The list will remind you every day why you're tackling the challenge of losing weight.
system: How can I make long term weight loss goals?
output: Think about why it's important to you. Be specific about when, where, and how you can reach each goal. It's fine to start slow and build up to 30 minutes of exercise a day, at least 5 days a week.
system: What causes colds?
output: It's an illness caused by a tiny, infectious thing called a virus. More than 200 types lead to your misery, but the most common one is the rhinovirus, which is thought to be responsible for at least 50% of colds. Other viruses that can cause colds include coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza.
system: What is "cold season" in the United States?
output: The reason may partly have to do with the opening of schools. Cold weather may also play a role because it leads you to spend more time indoors, where you're in closer contact with people who are contagious. Changes in humidity in different seasons may also affect how often people get sick. The most common cold viruses survive better outside the body.
system: What are symptoms of a cold?
output: When a cold strikes, you may have symptoms like: Scratchy or sore throat Sneezing Stuffy nose Watery eyes Mucus draining from your nose into your throat More severe symptoms, such as high fever or muscle aches, may be a sign that you have the flu rather than a cold.
system: Can being cold or wet cause you to get sick?
output: One myth that needs to get busted: Getting chilly or wet doesn't cause you to get sick. But there are things that make you prone to come down with a cold. For example, you're more likely to catch one if you're extremely tired, under emotional distress, or have allergies with nose and throat symptoms.
system: How can you catch the common cold?
output: You can catch it from another person who is infected with the virus. This can happen by direct physical contact with someone who has a cold, or by touching a surface contaminated with their germs -- like a computer keyboard, doorknob or spoon --- and then touching your nose or mouth. You can also catch it from infected droplets in the air released by a sneeze or a cough.
system: What are the signs of a cold?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A runny nose, scratchy throat, and nonstop sneezing -- you can't miss the signs of a cold.
system: When should I call the doctor about my cold?
output: Most colds last about 7 to 10 days, but if your symptoms linger, you may need to call the doctor. Sometimes, colds lead to an infection by bacteria in in your lungs, sinuses, or ears. If that happens, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics, which work against bacteria but not against viruses.
system: Why do children get sick so often?
output: Children have about 5-7 colds per year. A big part of the reason: They spend time at school or in day care centers where they're in close contact with other kids most of the day. Also, kids aren't as conscientious about sneezing into the crook of their arm or frequent hand washing â not to mention keeping their hands to themselves.
system: How common are colds in the United States?
output: The CDC says 22 million school days are lost each year in the U. S. because of them. Some estimates say that Americans have 1 billion colds a year.
system: What are side effects of opioids?
output: Although opioids are excellent in controlling pain, they do have side effects. Among the most common are: Constipation .
system: What causes bone pain and how can it be treated?
output: There are many causes for bone pain in life-threatening illness, including cancer metastases to the bone and compression of bones in the spine from degenerative bone disease or damage from long-term use of steroids to treat a condition like lung disease. Using anti-inflammatory adjuvants -- even something as simple as ibuprofen, or something stronger such as a corticosteroid -- can lessen bone pain.
system: What causes nerve pain and how can it be alleviated during palliative care?
output: Nerve pain, or "neuropathic" pain occurs when one or more nerves is injured or damaged. It can develop as a result of long-term chemotherapy or cancer itself, trauma, or other medical disorders. AIDS, diabetes, and shingles are examples of diseases often associated with neuropathic pain. Tricyclic antidepressants and anti-seizure medications can each lessen nerve pain because they change the way pain sensations travel to the brain.
system: How are opioids taken?
output: If the person can no longer swallow, some medications can be given intravenously, and some by subcutaneous injection. With a compounding pharmacist's support, we can mix an opioid with a gel to deliver it topically, through the skin," says Muir. " There are also formulations of fentanyl, for example, that can be delivered by patch or through a cheek film that crosses the mucous membranes in the mouth." In addition to opioids, there are a number of other helper medications that palliative care specialists use to help control pain.
system: How can vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) help with treating depression?
output: Vagus Nerve Stimulation ( VNS) is a surgical procedure in which a pacemaker-like device delivers electrical impulses to the vagus nerve, which connects to areas of the brain believed to be involved in regulating mood. For reasons that doctors don't completely understand, these electrical impulses transmitted via the vagus nerve to the brain can relieve the symptoms of depression. The impulses may affect the way nerve cell circuits transmit signals in areas of the brain that affect mood. However, it usually takes several months before you feel the effects.
system: What are side effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, or rTMS) for depression?
output: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ( TMS, or r TMS) sends bursts of energy -- from electromagnets -- to specific areas of the brain. While more research needs to be done, TMS seems to have few risks and side effects, and it doesn't require hospitalization. Some people feel muscle contractions in the scalp. Rarely, TMS causes headaches or dizziness. But no evidence suggests that it affects the memory, like electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) sometimes can. TMS could cause a seizure, but experts say that's very unlikely with a risk of about 1 in a thousand people.
system: What is the TNM system for lung cancer staging?
output: Lung cancer staging often uses the letters T, N, and M: T stands for your tumor's size and where it's located in your lungs or body. N stands for node involvement. This means whether or not your cancer has spread to your lymph nodes near your lungs. M stands for metastasis. This means whether or not your cancer has spread. Lung cancer can spread to your other lung or your liver, bones, brain, kidneys, adrenal glands, or other parts of your body. Your doctor can stage your tumor with these letters, and then be more specific with the numbers 0-4. She'll measure the size of your tumor in centimeters to give it a number. The higher the number, the more your tumor has grown or spread. She might also use X as a number. This means the tumor can't be measured or it's unclear how far it has spread.
system: How is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) described?
output: Non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) is a more common type of lung cancer than small cell. One way to describe NSCLC is by its clinical or pathologic stage. Your doctor might use imaging scans to tale pictures of the inside of your body to see what clinical stage it is in. In order to confirm the diagnosis, she may do a biopsy, in which she takes a small piece of tissue from the tumor and looks at it under a microscope.
system: How is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staged using the TNM system?
output: The most common way to stage your NSCLC tumor is by using the TNM system with the numbers X, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 after each letter. Number and letter combinations describe: Your tumor's width measured in centimeters, or if it's too tiny to be measured at all Where your tumor is located in your lung If there's more than one tumor in the same lung If your airways are partly blocked or clogged enough to cause a lung collapse or pneumonia If the tumor has spread to your lymph nodes or other organs Doctors may also use general stages for NSCLC. Yours may use the TNM system and numbers to stage your cancer in each of these: Occult stage: Cancer cells can be picked up in the mucus you cough up. Your tumor can't be seen on imaging scans or a biopsy. It's also called hidden cancer. Stage 0: Your tumor is very small. Cancer cells haven't spread into your deeper lung tissues or outside your lungs. Stage I: Cancer is in your lung tissues but not your lymph nodes. Stage II: The disease may have spread to your lymph nodes near your lungs. Stage III: It has spread further into your lymph nodes and the middle of your chest. Stage IV: Cancer has spread widely around your body. It may have spread to your brain, bones, or liver.