laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How is Tamoxifen taken to treat breast cancer?
output: Tamoxifen ( Nolvadex, Soltamox) is a pill you take daily. It's been prescribed for decades to treat breast cancer. Women of any age can use it, regardless of whether they've gone through menopause. Research shows that taking tamoxifen for 5 years lowers the chance of breast cancer recurrence and new breast cancers in women with ER-positive or ER-unknown breast tumors.
system: How does ovarian ablation help with breast cancer?
output: If you haven't yet gone through menopause and have ER-positive cancer, your doctor may want to stop your ovaries from making estrogen. This can be done by: Aiming radiation at the ovaries Surgically removing the ovaries Taking a drug called luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( LHRH) agonist Your treatment may include both ovarian ablation and hormone therapy.
system: Which hormone drugs treat breast cancer?
output: There are other hormone therapy drugs used to treat breast cancer, too. Most, such as fulvestrant ( Faslodex) and toremifene ( Fareston), are used to treat metastatic breast cancer. Toremifene, like tamoxifen, blocks certain effects of estrogen and is used as a treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Studies show that giving women an LHRH agonist alone or with tamoxifen is at least as effective as the chemotherapy combination used in hormone-sensitive, early breast cancer and in metastatic breast cancer of premenopausal women.
system: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for head and neck cancer?
output: You'll be given medication to stop the cancer cells from growing and dividing, which should destroy them. The following are possible side effects: Feeling tired Infection Feeling sick to your stomach Hair loss Loss of appetite Diarrhea Targeted therapy.
system: How is immunotherapy used to treat head and neck cancer?
output: This treatment uses parts of your immune system to help fight cancer. Doctors can either stimulate your immune system to attack cancer cells, or they can give you man-made proteins to strengthen your immune system.
system: How is a head and neck cancer diagnosed?
output: Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat. He should also check for lumps in your neck. This is especially true if you use tobacco or have used it in the past, or you drink regularly.
system: What is the pharynx?
output: This includes: Your gums The insides of your cheeks Under your tongue The top of the inside of your mouth (hard palate) The front two-thirds of your tongue The symptoms of oral cancer are: Red or white patches in your mouth, including your gums and tongue Swelling in your jaw, including swelling that makes false teeth fit badly Bleeding or pain in your mouth This is another name for your throat. It's a tube about 5 inches long that goes from behind your nose to the top of your esophagus (which is the tube in your chest leading down to your stomach). Your pharynx includes your tonsils, the back of your tongue, and your soft palate. That's the soft part at the back of the roof of your mouth.
system: How is surgery used to treat head and neck cancer?
output: If there's a chance the cancer has spread, your doctor might take out some of the small glands called lymph nodes in your neck.
system: What does the treatment for head and neck cancer depend on?
output: What kind of treatment you'll get depends on a few things, such as: Where the cancer is located What stage the cancer is in How old you are Your general health If you have HPV You might get just one kind of treatment, or you might get a combination of them. Options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.
system: What causes head and neck cancers?
output: They are: A lump in your neck Growths or sores in your mouth (even if they don't hurt) Blood in your spit or phlegm Changes in your skin that may signal skin cancer The biggest cause of head and neck cancers is tobacco. This includes chewing tobacco and using snuff, not just smoking.
system: What are the side effects of targeted therapy for head and neck cancer?
output: You'll be given medications that work on the genes, proteins, and other parts of the cancer cells. Side effects of target therapy depend on the medication that is used. But often, they include problems with your skin, hair, nails, or eyes.
system: What are the symptoms of head and neck cancer?
output: The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too. They are: A lump in your neck Growths or sores in your mouth (even if they don't hurt) Blood in your spit or phlegm Changes in your skin that may signal skin cancer The biggest cause of head and neck cancers is tobacco.
system: What are the symptoms of salivary gland cancer?
output: Here are signs to look out for: Chronic sinus infections that antibiotics don't cure Blocked sinuses you can't clear Nosebleeds Headaches Swelling around the eyes Pain in your upper teeth Problems with false teeth not fitting anymore These make saliva (spit). They're in the lower part of your mouth near your jawbone. The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too.
system: What are the signs of cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?
output: Signs of larynx cancer include: Painful swallowing Ear pain Changes in your voice Your nasal cavity is the space inside your nose. The paranasal sinuses are small spaces in the bones of your head around your nose. See your doctor if you have symptoms of this type of cancer. Here are signs to look out for: Chronic sinus infections that antibiotics don't cure Blocked sinuses you can't clear Nosebleeds Headaches Swelling around the eyes Pain in your upper teeth Problems with false teeth not fitting anymore These make saliva (spit).
system: What can increase your risk for head and neck cancer?
output: If you use tobacco and drink too much alcohol, you raise your risk even more. Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat.
system: How can targeted therapy help with treating head and neck cancer?
output: You'll be given medications that work on the genes, proteins, and other parts of the cancer cells. Side effects of target therapy depend on the medication that is used. But often, they include problems with your skin, hair, nails, or eyes.
system: What are symptoms of oral cancer?
output: This includes: Your gums The insides of your cheeks Under your tongue The top of the inside of your mouth (hard palate) The front two-thirds of your tongue The symptoms of oral cancer are: Red or white patches in your mouth, including your gums and tongue Swelling in your jaw, including swelling that makes false teeth fit badly Bleeding or pain in your mouth This is another name for your throat.
system: How can immunotherapy help with treating head and neck cancer?
output: This treatment uses parts of your immune system to help fight cancer. Doctors can either stimulate your immune system to attack cancer cells, or they can give you man-made proteins to strengthen your immune system.
system: How is head and neck cancer treated?
output: What kind of treatment you'll get depends on a few things, such as: Where the cancer is located What stage the cancer is in How old you are Your general health If you have HPV You might get just one kind of treatment, or you might get a combination of them. Options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.
system: What can raise your chances for head and neck cancer?
output: Drinking too much alcohol raises your risk, too. If you use tobacco and drink too much alcohol, you raise your risk even more. Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat.
system: How does your doctor check for head and neck cancer?
output: Other things that raise your risk are: Getting too much sun Human papilloma virus ( HPV), a type of sexually transmitted disease Epstein- Barr virus, the virus that causes mononucleosis (mono) Being a man Being older than 40 Being African- American Not taking care of your mouth and teeth Breathing in asbestos, wood dust, paint, or other chemical fumes Smoking pot Not getting enough vitamin A or B Acid reflux Having a weak immune system During your yearly checkup, your doctor should look inside your mouth, nose, and throat. He should also check for lumps in your neck. This is especially true if you use tobacco or have used it in the past, or you drink regularly.
system: What tests can help in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer?
output: If you have symptoms of a head or neck cancer or your doctor finds anything strange at your yearly exam, you might have to get a few tests. These include: Blood tests Pee tests HPV test Endoscopy (a doctor looks at the inside of your head and neck with a tube that goes in through your nose and down your throat) Tissue sample (biopsy) and lab tests on the tumor if there is one X-rays Scans If you have head or neck cancer, your doctor will try to figure out how far it has advanced, or what stage it is in.
system: What are the side effects of radiation for treating head and neck cancer?
output: Your doctor might zap the cancer with a laser or take out the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. Some of the side effects include: Pain or trouble swallowing Changes in your voice Loss of appetite Red or irritated skin Thick spit Feeling sick to your stomach Being tired Sore throat Sores in your mouth Chemotherapy (â Chemoâ).
system: What are general symptoms of head and neck cancer?
output: There are five main types of head and neck cancer. The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too. They are: A lump in your neck Growths or sores in your mouth (even if they don't hurt) Blood in your spit or phlegm Changes in your skin that may signal skin cancer The biggest cause of head and neck cancers is tobacco.
system: What is oral cavity cancer?
output: There are five main types of head and neck cancer. This type of cancer affects your lips and the inside of your mouth. This includes: Your gums The insides of your cheeks Under your tongue The top of the inside of your mouth (hard palate) The front two-thirds of your tongue The symptoms of oral cancer are: Red or white patches in your mouth, including your gums and tongue Swelling in your jaw, including swelling that makes false teeth fit badly Bleeding or pain in your mouth This is another name for your throat.
system: What are symptoms of salivary gland cancer?
output: There are five main types of head and neck cancer. They're named for the specific part of your head or neck they affect. The following are symptoms of salivary gland cancer: Swelling under your chin Swelling around your jawbone Numb or paralyzed face muscles Pain in your face, chin, or neck that doesn't go away Each kind of head and neck cancer has specific symptoms, but there are some general ones, too.
system: What are signs of larynx cancer?
output: Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that starts in or near your throat, voice box, nose, sinuses, or mouth. That's the little piece of flesh that hangs in the back of your throat. It caps over your larynx when you eat or drink to keep food and liquid from getting in (âgoing down the wrong pipeâ). Signs of larynx cancer include: Painful swallowing Ear pain Changes in your voice Your nasal cavity is the space inside your nose.
system: What are side effects of radiation treatment for head and neck cancer?
output: Your doctor might zap the cancer with a laser or take out the tumor and some of the healthy tissue around it. Some of the side effects include: Pain or trouble swallowing Changes in your voice Loss of appetite Red or irritated skin Thick spit Feeling sick to your stomach Being tired Sore throat Sores in your mouth Chemotherapy (â Chemoâ).
system: When should you call your doctor about insect bite symptoms?
output: Call 911 if you have any of these symptoms: Rapid swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or around the eyes Difficulty breathing Wheezing or hoarseness Severe itching, cramping, or numbness Dizziness A reddish rash or hives Stomach cramps Loss of consciousness If you experience any of these things and have epinephrine on hand, don't hesitate to use it --even if you're not sure your symptoms are caused by allergies. Using an auto-injector pen as a precaution won't harm you.
system: What are symptoms of a poisonous spider bite?
output: If you've been bitten by a poisonous spider, you may notice any of the following: Intense pain at the site of the wound Stiffness or joint pain Muscle spasms Abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting Fever or chills Difficulty breathing or swallowing A wound that spreads or turns into a sore (tissue around the wound might also die) Dizziness Difficulty speaking Convulsions Insect stings and bites can cause severe allergic reactions. Doctors call this âanaphylaxis.â Rarely, a spider bite can cause an allergic reaction doctors call âanaphylactic shock.â It can be fatal. Call 911 if you have any of these symptoms: Rapid swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or around the eyes Difficulty breathing Wheezing or hoarseness Severe itching, cramping, or numbness Dizziness A reddish rash or hives Stomach cramps Loss of consciousness If you experience any of these things and have epinephrine on hand, don't hesitate to use it --even if you're not sure your symptoms are caused by allergies.
system: What are high-risk HPV strains?
output: Not all of the 40 sexually transmitted HPV viruses cause serious health problems. High-risk HPV strains include HPV 16 and 18, which cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Other high-risk HPV viruses include 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others.
system: What are low-risk HPV strains?
output: Low-risk HPV strains, such as HPV 6 and 11, cause about 90% of genital warts, which rarely develop into cancer. These growths can look like bumps. Sometimes, they’re shaped like cauliflower. The warts can show up weeks or months after you’ve had sex with an infected partner.
system: What are the symptoms of HPV infection?
output: Often, there are no symptoms of an HPV infection, and the body clears the infection on its own in a few years. Many people never know they were infected. But sometimes an infection with high-risk types of HPV will last longer. This can cause changes in the cells of the cervix that could lead to cancer including vulvar cancer. The same thing could cause abnormal changes in cells of the penis and anus, but this is rare.
system: How can you prevent HPV?
output: You can get HPV through sex (vaginal, anal, or oral). It spreads through skin-to-skin contact. HPV can infect skin not normally covered by a condom, so using one won’t fully protect you. You can’t get HPV from a toilet seat, swimming pools, or from an infected person’s blood. The only way to avoid all risk of any type of HPV infection is to never be sexually active -- no vaginal, anal, or oral sex. To lower your risk, you can also limit the number of sex partners you have. You can also choose partners who've had few or no sex partners before you. Three vaccines -- Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil-9 -- protect against HPV. They’re available to boys and girls as young as 9 and adults up to age 26. The vaccines focus on some of the higher-risk types of HPV. All three guard against HPV 16 and 18. Gardasil and Gardasil-9 are also effective against HPV 6 and 11, which cause most genital warts. Gardasil-9 also covers against the high-risk strains 31, 33, 45, 52, 58.
system: What are the different types of HPV?
output: Many people don't have any symptoms, and the infection might go away on its own. HPV lives in thin, flat cells called epithelial cells. These are found on the skin's surface. They’re also found on the surface of the vagina, anus, vulva, cervix and head of the penis. They’re also found inside the mouth and throat. About 60 of the 100 HPV types cause warts on areas like the hands or feet. The other 40 or so enter the body during sexual contact. They’re drawn to the body's mucus membranes, such as the moist layers around the anus and genitals. The vaccines focus on some of the higher-risk types of HPV.
system: What should you know about HPV?
output: Many people don't have any symptoms, and the infection might go away on its own. But some types of HPV can lead to cervical cancer or cancer of the anus or penis. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } HPV isn’t just one virus. There are more than 100 kinds, and some are riskier than others. It spreads through skin-to-skin contact.
system: What are the treatments for cancer?
output: Depending on the type and stage of cancer, treatments to eradicate the tumor or slow its growth may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy or immunotherapy.
system: Do any diets or alternative therapies for cancer work?
output: In fact, studies show some supplements may increase cancer risk, such as lung cancer risk in smokers taking beta carotene and prostate cancer risk in men taking high doses of vitamin E. No diet has been shown to slow, reverse, or cure cancer. Also, experts don't recommend stopping standard treatment in place of complementary medicine, but many therapies can help people with cancer feel better.
system: What things can I do to make living with cancer a little easier?
output: Other tips: Join a cancer support group. Get plenty of rest, balanced with light exercise. Rather than feeling compelled to maintain a "positive attitude," express your emotions honestly. Don't worry if you sometimes feel depressed or afraid: These are normal feelings and legitimate reactions that will not affect your cancer. Fill your days with activities you enjoy. Reading a good book, listening to music, and talking with friends are surprisingly therapeutic.
system: How can you relieve the side effects of cancer treatment?
output: Relieving side effects of cancer treatment: After radiation therapy for cancer, be gentle to your skin. Do not scrub it, expose it to sunlight, or wear tight clothing. Aloe vera ointment is gentle and soothing, along with non-irritating lotions or creams, such as vitamin E. Eat light snacks throughout the day rather than three heavy meals. Try eating food cold or at room temperature to avoid nausea. If your treatment involves lowering your white blood cell count, avoid people who are ill. Tell your doctor about any fever or unusual symptoms.
system: What herbs are used to fight cancer?
output: While neither claims to cure the disease, some evidence shows that they help reduce symptoms and side effects of the illness and its treatment. Numerous herbal remedies profess to fight cancer and its related symptoms; unfortunately, little solid evidence exists to prove their effectiveness. A few herbs may help with specific complaints: Ginger tea and peppermint tea or lozenges may ameliorate nausea, valerian root can help with anxiety and stress, capsicum cream might relieve muscle aches. The FDA does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. Talk to your doctor or expert on herbal remedies and research carefully because some of these herbs may affect your other methods of treatment.
system: What happens if you get a positive diagnosis for cancer?
output: This essential follow-up phase of diagnosis is called staging. The most important thing doctors need to know is whether cancer has spread from one area of the body to another. If the initial diagnosis is negative for cancer and symptoms persist, further tests may be needed. If the biopsy is positive for cancer, be sure to seek a confirming opinion by a doctor who specializes in cancer treatment before any treatment is started.
system: How can mind/body therapies help with cancer?
output: Some mind/body therapies improve quality of life for cancer patients through behavior modification; others encourage expression of emotions. Behavior therapies such as guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, hypnotherapy, and biofeedback are used to alleviate pain, nausea, vomiting, and the anxiety that may occur in anticipation of, or after, cancer treatment. Individual or group counseling allows patients to confront problems and emotions caused by cancer and receive support from fellow patients in a group setting. Patients who pursue these types of therapies tend to feel less lonely, less anxious about the future, and more optimistic about recovery.
system: How can exercise help people with cancer?
output: Exercise can help control fatigue, muscle tension, and anxiety in those with cancer. Patients tend to feel better if they do exercises such as walking or swimming. Exercise has also been shown to improve the outcomes associated with cancer treatment.
system: How is cancer diagnosed?
output: Cancer diagnosis begins with a thorough physical exam and a complete medical history. Laboratory studies of blood, urine, and stool can detect abnormalities that may indicate cancer. When a tumor is suspected, imaging tests such as X-rays, computed tomography ( CT), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), ultrasound, and fiber-optic endoscopy examinations help doctors determine the cancer's location and size. To confirm the diagnosis of most cancers , a biopsy needs to be performed in which a tissue sample is removed from the suspected tumor and studied under a microscope to check for cancer cells.