laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is the treatment for spine fractures?
output: You'll probably get medicine to relieve your pain while the fracture heals. Your doctor will also encourage you to move around as soon as possible. Physical therapy might be a good idea, too -- a therapist can teach you exercises to help with your injury. Some people need more support for their spine with a brace or surgery. Having one fracture means you're more likely to have another, so your doctor may also talk to you about taking medicines that treat osteoporosis and make your bones stronger.
system: How can I prevent spine fractures?
output: It's the best way to diagnose osteoporosis. Even if you already have it, you can take steps to keep it from getting worse. Eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and get regular exercise, especially the weight-bearing and muscle strengthening kinds.
system: Who is most likely to get spine fractures?
output: When osteoporosis has made your bones weak, the chances are higher that they'll crack or break, even the bones of your spine. As you get older, your bones become thinner and weaker, and you're more likely to have osteoporosis. Women and men who have osteoporosis have much higher chances of getting spine fractures.
system: What do I need to know about osteoporosis and spine fractures?
output: The best way to prevent these fractures is to keep your bones as strong as possible by treating or preventing osteoporosis. But over time, symptoms of a spinal fracture may include: Sudden, severe back pain Pain that gets worse when you stand or walk Trouble bending or twisting your body Loss of height A curved, stooped shape to your spine Fractures in the lower spine often cause greater pain and trouble moving than those in the upper spine. Women and men who have osteoporosis have much higher chances of getting spine fractures.
system: If you have heart failure, what should you do if you get a skin rash from taking diuretics?
output: Call your doctor right away. Callyour doctor right away if you have: Fever Sore throat Cough Ringing in the ears Unusual bleeding or bruising Rapid and excessive weight loss Skin rash : Stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away. Call your doctor if you have any other symptoms that cause concern.
system: What types of diuretics are there?
output: There are several types, including: Bumetanide ( Bumex) Furosemide ( Lasix) Hydrochlorothiazide ( Hydrodiuril) Metolazone ( Zaroxolyn) Torsemide ( Demadex) Follow the label.
system: When you have heart failure, what are signs you're getting dehydrated as a side effect of diuretics?
output: Dehydration : Signs of this include: Dizziness Extreme thirst Extreme dry mouth You have to pee less Your pee is a dark color Constipation If you have these symptoms, don't assume you need more fluids. Call your doctor right away.
system: If you have heart failure, what should you tell your doctor about before being prescribed a diuretic?
output: Before a diuretic is prescribed, tell your doctor if you are taking other drugs for high blood pressure, digoxin, Indocin, lithium, probenecid, or corticosteroids (prednisone). Before you're prescribed a diuretic, tell your doctor if you have diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, or gout.
system: What are side effects of diuretics?
output: Blurred vision , confusion, headache , increased sweating , and restlessness: If these stick around a while or are severe, talk to your doctor.
system: What should you do if you have more side effects while taking diuretics along with medicines for heart failure?
output: If you have more side effects after taking your medicines together, call your doctor. You may need to change the times you are taking each drug. Potassium-sparing diuretics increase the effects of digoxin and lithium. They may increase your body's potassium level if taken with ACE inhibitors.
system: If have you have heart failure, how might your doctor want you to change your diet if you're on a diuretic?
output: Follow your doctor's advice about your diet. This may include: A low-salt diet Taking a potassium supplement Adding high-potassium foods (such as bananas and orange juice) in your diet. Note: Some diuretics cause your body to lose potassium. If you're taking a "potassium-sparing" diuretic, your doctor may want you to avoid potassium-rich foods, salt substitutes, low-salt milk, and other sources of potassium. If you are not sure what type of diuretic you are taking, ask your doctor.
system: If you have heart failure, when should you call your doctor about diuretic side effects?
output: Callyour doctor right away if you have: Fever Sore throat Cough Ringing in the ears Unusual bleeding or bruising Rapid and excessive weight loss Skin rash : Stop taking the medication and call your doctor right away.
system: How do you take diuretics when you have heart failure?
output: There are several types, including: Bumetanide ( Bumex) Furosemide ( Lasix) Hydrochlorothiazide ( Hydrodiuril) Metolazone ( Zaroxolyn) Torsemide ( Demadex) Follow the label. If you are taking a single dose a day, take it in the morning with your breakfast or right afterward. If you're taking more than one dose a day, take your last dose no later than 4 p.m. The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you need to take it will depend on the type of diuretic you're prescribed and your condition.
system: What are diuretics and what are they used for?
output: This makes it easier for your heart to pump. These medicines may be used to treat high blood pressure and ease the swelling and water buildup caused by many medical problems, including heart failure. Diuretics also help to make breathing easier. Extreme tiredness or weakness : Both should get better as your body adjusts to the medication.
system: What are some general tips for taking diuretics if you have heart failure?
output: The number of doses you take each day, the time between doses, and how long you need to take it will depend on the type of diuretic you're prescribed and your condition. Call your doctor if you gain 2 pounds in 1 day or 5 pounds in 1 week. While taking them, have your blood pressure and kidneys tested regularly, as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the lab so that your doctor can monitor your response to the medicine. Avoid alcohol and sleep aids. They may increase the side effects of this drug.
system: How can exercise benefit the brains of kids with ADHD?
output: Exercise isn't just good for toning muscles. It can help keep the brain in shape, too. When kids exercise, the amount and mix of chemicals called neurotransmitters their brain releases change. Neurotransmitters include dopamine, which is involved with attention. The stimulant medicines used to treat ADHD work by increasing the amount of this same chemical in the brain. So it makes sense that a workout can have many of the same effects on children with ADHD as stimulant drugs. In studies published in the Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, kids with ADHD who exercised performed better on tests of attention, and had less impulsivity, even if they weren't taking stimulant medicines.
system: How does exercise work on children's brains with ADHD?
output: Exercise increases blood flow to the brain. Kids with ADHD may have less blood flow to the parts of their brain responsible for: thinking planning emotions behavior Blood vessels. Exercise improves blood vessels and brain structure. This helps with thinking ability. Brain activity. Exercise increases activity in parts of the brain related to behavior and attention.
system: How can exercise help kids with ADHD?
output: Research is finding that staying active not only lets kids with ADHD burn off steam, but it also can help with issues such as: lack of focus impulsivity poor social skills When used along with traditional ADHD treatments such as stimulant medicines and counseling, regular fitness can have a positive impact on a child's ADHD symptoms. Health experts recommend that kids get at least 60 minutes of moderate to intense exercise every day. How they get that exercise -- bike riding, swimming, playing soccer, dancing -- doesn't really matter. But there is evidence that getting outside and spending time in nature can calm some kids with ADHD. In one study, just a 20-minute walk in the park helped kids with ADHD concentrate better.
system: What are more reasons to exercise to help with ADHD symptoms?
output: Beyond helping ADHD symptoms, there are many other reasons to get kids to exercise. Engaging in regular fitness activities can help kids: Stay at a healthy weight Keep blood pressure and cholesterol levels in a normal range Reduce risk of diabetes Improve self-confidence and self-esteem Exercise should be one part of a well-rounded ADHD treatment plan, which may also include medicine and therapy. See a pediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist to come up with the best ADHD treatment plan for your child.
system: How does exercise help thinking and behavior in kids with ADHD?
output: That's the set of problem-solving skills we use to plan and organize. A lack of these skills makes it hard for your ADHD child to remember to finish his homework or to take his lunch with him when he leaves for school. Exercise may improve executive function in kids with ADHD. Many kids with ADHD also struggle socially and with their behavior. Playing a sport can have the added benefits of improving both of these areas. In studies, kids who exercised got in trouble less often for disruptive behaviors such as talking out of turn, name calling, hitting, moving inappropriately, and refusing to participate in activities. Because of all these benefits, exercise can boost the effectiveness of ADHD medicine when they are used together. It also can help kids who haven't responded to stimulant drugs or other ADHD medications.
system: How can ADHD affect kids?
output: To release that restless energy, kids with ADHD need to get plenty of exercise. Research is finding that staying active not only lets kids with ADHD burn off steam, but it also can help with issues such as: lack of focus impulsivity poor social skills When used along with traditional ADHD treatments such as stimulant medicines and counseling, regular fitness can have a positive impact on a child's ADHD symptoms. One of the areas in which kids with ADHD have particular trouble is with executive function . Many kids with ADHD also struggle socially and with their behavior.
system: How do you know if you have HIV?
output: The only way to know for sure is with an HIV test. So get tested if you think you could've gotten the virus, whether or not you have any symptoms. It's also important to see your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if you think you could have been exposed to the virus in the past couple of days. A medication called post-exposure prophylaxis ( PEP) can keep you from getting HIV. But you have to take it within 72 hours of when you get the virus for it to work. A doctor can give you a prescription for PEP, and you'll take it once or twice a day for 28 days.
system: Can tricyclic antidepressants help treat postherpetic neuralgia?
output: Examples are: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Equetro, Epitol, Tegretol) Gabapentin ( Fanatrex, Neurontin) Pregabalin ( Lyrica) Tricyclic antidepressants: These have been shown to help ease the pain of postherpetic neuralgia.
system: What are symptoms due to local growth of a tumor from small-cell lung cancer?
output: Symptoms due to local growth of the tumor include the following: Cough Coughing up blood Shortness of breath Chest pain worsened by deep breathing Symptoms due to spread of the cancer to nearby areas include the following: Hoarse voice, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the vocal cords Shortness of breath, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the muscles of the diaphragm, or the lungs filling with fluid and stridor (sound produced by turbulent flow of air through a narrowed part of the respiratory tract) resulting from compression of the trachea (windpipe) or larger bronchi (airways of the lung) Difficulty swallowing, resulting from compression of the esophagus (food pipe) Swelling of the face and hands, resulting from compression of the superior vena cava (vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body) Symptoms due to distant cancer spread depend on the site of spread and can include the following: Spread to the brain can cause headache, blurring of vision, nausea, vomiting, weakness of any limb, mental changes, and seizures.
system: When should you 911 about symptoms of small-cell lung cancer?
output: Consult a doctor if any of the following symptoms are present: Shortness of breath Coughing up blood Unexplained weight loss Voice change New cough or change in the consistency of a cough Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Call 911 if any of the following symptoms are present: Coughing up large amounts of blood Chest pain Sudden shortness of breath Sudden or severe weakness of any limb Sudden vision problems Seizures Initial exams and tests for suspected lung cancer may include the following: Medical, surgical, work, and smoking history Physical exam to check for general signs of health Chest X-ray CT scan of the chest: An X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the inside of the chest from different angles.
system: What are the two types of small-cell lung cancer?
output: There are 2 main types: Small-cell carcinoma (oat cell cancer) Combined small-cell carcinoma Both include many types of cells that grow and spread in different ways. They are named according to what the cells look like under a microscope. Small-cell lung cancer differs from non-small-cell lung cancer in the following ways: Small-cell lung cancer grows rapidly.
system: What symptoms might you have if small-cell lung cancer spreads to distant parts of the body?
output: Symptoms due to local growth of the tumor include the following: Cough Coughing up blood Shortness of breath Chest pain worsened by deep breathing Symptoms due to spread of the cancer to nearby areas include the following: Hoarse voice, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the vocal cords Shortness of breath, resulting from compression of the nerve that supplies the muscles of the diaphragm, or the lungs filling with fluid and stridor (sound produced by turbulent flow of air through a narrowed part of the respiratory tract) resulting from compression of the trachea (windpipe) or larger bronchi (airways of the lung) Difficulty swallowing, resulting from compression of the esophagus (food pipe) Swelling of the face and hands, resulting from compression of the superior vena cava (vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body) Symptoms due to distant cancer spread depend on the site of spread and can include the following: Spread to the brain can cause headache, blurring of vision, nausea, vomiting, weakness of any limb, mental changes, and seizures. Spread to the vertebral column can cause back pain. Spread to the spinal cord can cause paralysis and loss of bowel or bladder function. Spread to the bone can cause bone pain. Spread to the liver can cause pain in the right upper part of the abdomen.
system: What happens when you get video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) if you have lung cancer?
output: Video-assisted thoracoscopy ( VATS): A doctor will insert a lighted tube with a video camera through small openings in the chest. It's a way to look at the lungs and other tissue.
system: When should you call a doctor about symptoms of small-cell lung cancer?
output: Consult a doctor if any of the following symptoms are present: Shortness of breath Coughing up blood Unexplained weight loss Voice change New cough or change in the consistency of a cough Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Call 911 if any of the following symptoms are present: Coughing up large amounts of blood Chest pain Sudden shortness of breath Sudden or severe weakness of any limb Sudden vision problems Seizures Initial exams and tests for suspected lung cancer may include the following: Medical, surgical, work, and smoking history Physical exam to check for general signs of health Chest X-ray CT scan of the chest: An X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of the inside of the chest from different angles.
system: What happens when you get a CT scan of your chest and abdomen if you have lung cancer?
output: CT scan of the chest and abdomen: An X-ray machine linked to a computer takes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body from different angles. The doctor may inject a dye into a vein. A contrast agent may be given to swallow so that the organs or tissues more clearly show up on the scan.
system: When might you start radiation therapy if you have small-cell lung cancer?
output: This depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer and the person's overall health. Radiation and chemotherapy: Sequential-radiation treatment may be given, followed by chemotherapy. However, in comparative studies, the earlier the radiation is started concurrently with chemotherapy (as early as the first cycle of chemotherapy), the better the outcome.
system: What is palliative for small-cell lung cancer?
output: Palliative and terminal care Because small-cell lung cancer is diagnosed in most people when it is not curable, palliative care becomes important. The goal of palliative and terminal care is to manage pain and discomfort and enhance quality of life. Palliative care not only focuses on comfort but also addresses the concerns of the patient's family and loved ones. Caregivers may include family and friends in addition to doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals.
system: Does surgery treat small-cell lung cancer?
output: Surgery Surgery plays little, if any, role in the management of small-cell lung cancer, because almost all cancers have spread by the time they are discovered. The exceptions are the relatively small number of people (less than 15%) whose cancer is discovered at a very early stage of the disease, when the cancer is confined to the lung without any spread to the lymph nodes. However, surgery alone is not considered curative, so chemotherapy is also given. Sometimes radiation therapy will also be needed if the cancer had spread to the nearby lymph nodes.
system: How do PET scans help diagnose lung cancer?
output: PET scan: A small amount of radioactive material is injected into the bloodstream and measures the metabolism of the organs to see if the cancer has spread.
system: What is thoracentesis for suspected lung cancer?
output: Thoracentesis: The lungs are enclosed in a sac. Lung cancer can cause fluid to collect in this sac. This is called pleural effusion. In people who have cancer, this fluid may contain cancer cells.
system: What is a bronchoscopy for testing for lung cancer?
output: Bronchoscopy: This is a procedure used to look inside the trachea (windpipe) and large airways in the lung for abnormal areas. A bronchoscope (a thin, flexible, lighted tube with a tiny camera on the end) is inserted through the mouth or nose and down the windpipe. From there, it can be inserted into the airways (bronchi) of the lungs. During bronchoscopy, the doctor looks for tumors and takes a biopsy (a sample of cells that is removed for examination under a microscope) from the airways.
system: What is a transthoracic needle lung biopsy?
output: Lung biopsy: If a tumor is on the periphery of the lung, it may not be seen with bronchoscopy. Instead, a biopsy sample has to be taken with the help of a needle inserted through the chest wall and into the tumor. This procedure is called a transthoracic needle biopsy. They can look at the lungs and lymph nodes nearby and can take a biopsy of the tissue.
system: How can you tell if you have swimmer's ear?
output: If it hurts when you tug or press your ear, you may have swimmer's ear.
system: Why do people get swimmer's ear?
output: Most of the time, your ear fights off the germs that cause swimmer's ear on its own. You can thank your earwax for that. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection.
system: What things can play a role in swimmer's ear?
output: Other things can play a role in swimmer's ear, like: Your age. While swimmer's ear can happen to anyone, it's most common in kids and early teenagers. Narrow ear canals. Kids often have ear canals that are small and don't drain as well. Skin reactions and conditions. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. So can skin problems like eczema and psoriasis.
system: What causes swimmer's ear and what are the symptoms?
output: Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. Symptoms you may get are: Itchiness in the ear Pain, which can become severe Trouble hearing (sound may seem muffled as your ear canal swells) Fluid or pus draining out of the ear Here's one way to tell which type of ear infection you have.
system: Is swimmer's ear an ear infection?
output: Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. Those are middle ear infections, or "otitis media" in doctor speak, and they happen deeper in the ear, behind the eardrum.
system: How is swimmer's ear diagnosed and treated?
output: If you have ear pain, don't wait -- see your doctor right away. Getting treatment quickly can stop an infection from getting worse. During your appointment, your doctor will look in your ear and may gently clean it out. This will help treatments work better. Then, you'll probably get eardrops that may have antibiotics, steroids, or other ingredients to fight the infection and help with swelling. In some cases, you may need to take antibiotic pills, too.
system: What is swimmer's ear?
output: Swimmer's ear, which has the medical name of otitis externa, is an infection in your ear canal. Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. Your doctor may need to test a sample of any fluid in your ear to help you decide on the best treatment.
system: What causes swimmer's ear other than water?
output: Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. If you use cotton swabs, fingers, hairpins, pen caps, or anything else to clean your ears, it can rub away the protective earwax or scratch your skin. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. But sometimes, it can get worse or lead to other problems, such as: Long-term swimmer's ear (chronic otitis externa).
system: Can you get swimmer's ear if you don't swim?
output: No matter how you got your swimmer's ear, once you learn to recognize the signs, you have plenty of options to treat it. Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. When water gets stuck in your ear canal after swimming -- or after you soak in a hot tub or even take a shower or bath -- it can remove some of the earwax and soften the skin, which makes it easier for germs to get in.