laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: When is surgery used to treat advanced prostate cancer?
output: Your testicles make most of your testosterone. Surgery to remove the testicles (called an orchiectomy) is a type of hormone therapy because it quickly cuts your testosterone levels. This operation used to be common, but most men with prostate cancer don't get it any more. Instead, they take medicines that lower hormone levels while leaving the testicles in place.
system: What are the goals of hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer?
output: The goal is to cut the supply of hormones that fuel your prostate cancer.
system: How is hormone therapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer?
output: The goal is to cut the supply of hormones that fuel your prostate cancer. Hormone therapy shuts down this process. It will: Dramatically lower your testosterone levels Prevent prostate cancer cells from using low levels of androgens Most doctors think it makes sense to start this type of treatment as soon as prostate cancer becomes advanced.
system: What are newer types of hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer?
output: Newer types of hormone therapy include: Abiraterone acetate ( Zytiga). It's approved for men with advanced prostate cancer who have tried other hormone therapies. Enzalutamide ( Xtandi): It's a pill that blocks cells from receiving androgens. It's approved for men with advanced prostate cancer who have tried other hormone therapies.
system: How do you take hormone therapy for advanced prostate cancer?
output: There are several hormone therapy drugs. Doctors implant others under your skin. Your doctor will set your drug schedule based on your particular needs and how your cancer responds. If you become resistant to hormone therapy or have problems with side effects, your doctor may try "intermittent therapy." This means you'll take the drugs for a while, then stop, then start again. This can improve your quality of life and make the hormone therapy work better.
system: How is immunotherapy used to treat advanced prostate cancer?
output: It uses your immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- to attack the cancer cells. Sipuleucel- T ( Provenge) is used to treat advanced prostate cancer. To make it, the doctor removes white blood cells from your blood. These go to a lab, where experts genetically engineer them to fight your prostate cancer. You then get these cancer-killing cells by IV injection in three separate treatments. If other treatments stop working and your cancer grows, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy.
system: When should I get tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
output: You could have an HIV infection if you: Have had several sexual partners Had unprotected sex with someone who is or could be HIV-positive, including someone whose sexual history you don't know Injected drugs with a needle, syringe, or other equipment someone else had used first Have had or are getting tested for TB, hepatitis, or any sexually transmitted disease, including syphilis, gonorrhea, or herpes. Have had sex for drugs or money Had sex with someone who has a history of any of these Pregnant women should also get tested. And in fact, the CDC recommends that all persons in the United States between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once.
system: How do antibody screening tests help diagnose HIV?
output: These tests check for a kind of protein that your body makes in response to the HIV infection, 2-8 weeks later. They're also called immunoassay or ELISA tests. They're generally very accurate, but they won't catch early infections. Usually, a technician will take a small blood sample and send it to a lab for testing. Some immunoassay tests check urine or fluids from your mouth (not saliva), but there aren't as many antibodies in these, so you may not get a positive result even if you're infected. ( That's called a false negative.)
system: Are there in-home tests I can take to figure out if I have HIV?
output: A rapid antibody/antigen test can give you results in 20 minutes. One option is to prick your finger to get a small blood sample that you send to a lab. You call to get your result within a few business days, and it's anonymous (you don't have to give your name). Maybe 1 in 12 people who are infected get a false negative from this test. You should get a lab test of your blood if it's positive. And in fact, the CDC recommends that all persons in the United States between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once.
system: How do  antibody/antigen combination tests help diagnose HIV?
output: The CDC recommends these blood tests. They can detect HIV earlier than antibody screening tests. They check for HIV antigen, a protein called p24 that's part of the virus that shows up 2-4 weeks after infection. They also check for HIV antibodies. You get a result in 20 minutes.
system: How do I know if I have HIV?
output: Most can't detect HIV right away, because it takes time for your body to make antibodies or for enough virus to grow inside you. It may be up to 6 months before you'll see a positive result, which means an early test could be negative even though you're infected. If you do have the virus, finding out quickly means you can start treatment to help you live a long and full life. You can also take precautions so that you don't pass HIV to other people. Some immunoassay tests check urine or fluids from your mouth (not saliva), but there aren't as many antibodies in these, so you may not get a positive result even if you're infected. If you had a lab test, more detailed tests on your blood sample can help confirm the diagnosis: Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay Antibody differentiation, between HIV-1 and HIV-2 If you got an HIV test within the first 3 months after you could have been infected and it was negative, get another test at 6 months to be sure.
system: How does an RNA test help diagnose HIV?
output: Usually, a technician will take a small blood sample and send it to a lab for testing. You call to get your result within a few business days, and it's anonymous (you don't have to give your name). If you had a lab test, more detailed tests on your blood sample can help confirm the diagnosis: Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence assay Antibody differentiation, between HIV-1 and HIV-2 If you got an HIV test within the first 3 months after you could have been infected and it was negative, get another test at 6 months to be sure.
system: What servings are suggested in the DASH diet?
output: The DASH diet suggests getting: Grains: 7-8 daily servings Vegetables: 4-5 daily servings Fruits: 4-5 daily servings Low-fat or fat-free dairy products: 2-3 daily servings Meat, poultry, and fish: 2 or less daily servings Nuts, seeds, and dry beans: 4-5 servings per week Fats and oils: 2-3 daily servings Sweets: try to limit to less than 5 servings per week When you're trying to follow a healthy eating plan, it helps to know how much of a certain kind of food is considered a "serving."
system: What is being on the DASH diet like?
output: The DASH diet calls for a certain number of servings daily from various food groups. The number of servings you require may vary, depending on how many calories you need per day. You can make gradual changes. For instance, start by limiting yourself to 2,400 milligrams of sodium per day (about 1 teaspoon). Then, once your body has adjusted to the diet, cut back to 1,500 milligrams of sodium per day (about 2/3 teaspoon). These amounts include all sodium eaten, including sodium in food products as well as in what you cook with or add at the table.
system: How effective is the DASH diet?
output: Another diet -- DASH- Sodium -- calls for cutting back sodium to 1,500 milligrams a day (about 2/3 teaspoon). Studies of people on the DASH- Sodium plan lowered their blood pressure as well.
system: What is the DASH diet?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } One of the steps your doctor may recommend to lower your high blood pressure is to start using the DASH diet. DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. The diet is simple: Eat more fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods Cut back on foods that are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fats Eat more whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, and nuts Limit sodium, sweets, sugary drinks, and red meats In research studies, people who were on the DASH diet lowered their blood pressure within 2 weeks.
system: How much is a serving in the DASH diet?
output: One serving is: 1/2 cup cooked rice or pasta 1 slice bread 1 cup raw vegetables or fruit 1/2 cup cooked veggies or fruit 8 ounces of milk 1 teaspoon of olive oil (or any other oil) 3 ounces cooked meat 3 ounces tofu
system: What are some DASH diet tips?
output: Dash Diet Tips Add a serving of vegetables at lunch and at dinner. Add a serving of fruit to your meals or as a snack. Canned and dried fruits are easy to use, but check that they don't have added sugar. Use only half your typical serving of butter, margarine, or salad dressing, and use low-fat or fat-free condiments. Drink low-fat or skim dairy products any time you would normally use full-fat or cream. Limit meat to 6 ounces a day. Make some meals vegetarian. Add more vegetables and dry beans to your diet. Instead of snacking on chips or sweets, eat unsalted pretzels or nuts, raisins, low-fat and fat-free yogurt, frozen yogurt, unsalted plain popcorn with no butter, and raw vegetables. Read food labels to choose products that are lower in sodium.
system: How is arachnoiditis diagnosed?
output: Infection from bacteria or viruses: Infections such as viral and fungal meningitis or tuberculosis can affect the spine. A test called an electromyogram ( EMG) can assess the severity of the ongoing damage to affected nerve roots by using electrical impulses to check nerve function. Note: Myelograms with the radiographic contrast currently in use, combined with CAT scanning, are not considered to be responsible for causing arachnoiditis or causing it to worsen.
system: What is arachnoiditis?
output: It is characterized by severe stinging, burning pain, and neurological problems. Inflammation of the arachnoid can lead to the formation of scar tissue and can cause the spinal nerves to stick together and malfunction.
system: What causes erection problems?
output: Common physical causes of sexual problems include the following: Diabetes, especially if you have type 2 diabetes Hypogonadism, in which the testicles do not produce enough testosterone Thyroid disorders (both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) Adrenal lesions ( Cushing's syndrome) Noncancerous pituitary growths that increase levels of a hormone called prolactin Diseases that affect the nervous system, including strokes, spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, long-standing diabetes, and Parkinson's disease Damage to arteries or veins following pelvic surgery (such as prostate, colon, or bladder surgery) or after radiation treatment Conditions that affect the penis directly, such as Peyronie's disease (penile curvature) or injury to the penis itself or to the arteries, veins, or nerves that supply the penis Cardiovascular (heart) disease Blockages in the blood flow to the penis Leaky veins Conditions or behaviors that increase the risk of vascular disease, such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity, or the medications to treat these and other disorders Premature ejaculation ( PE) is usually not due to physical causes, although the problem is sometimes linked to a neurological disorder, prostate infections, or urethritis.
system: Can medications  cause sexual problems?
output: Many medications have been implicated in sexual dysfunction, causing inhibited sexual desire and/or erectile dysfunction, such as: Drugs to treat high blood pressure Diuretics (including thiazides and spironolactone) Histamine blockers Antidepressant medications Common over-the-counter preparations (particularly antihistamines and decongestants) Antipsychotic medications Sedatives Medications used to treat anxiety Use of drugs, including alcohol, methadone and heroin, anabolic steroids, and tobacco Psychological Factors in Sexual Problems Psychological factors play an important role.
system: What causes low sexual desire?
output: Possible psychological causes of sexual dysfunction include: Anxiety Guilty feelings about sex Sexual aversion disorder Learned behavior pattern of rapid ejaculation seen with frequent masturbation or infrequent sexual activity Painful intercourse usually has physical causes such as these: An infection of the prostate, urethra, or testes, which can be initiated by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and genital herpes An allergic reaction to spermicide or condoms Peyronie's disease, fibrous plaques on the upper side of the penis that often produce a painful bend during erection Arthritis of the lower back Lack of sexual desire may be due to any of these factors: Physical illness Hormonal abnormality (usually low testosterone levels) Medications that affect libido Alcohol or recreational drug abuse Psychological causes, including depression or relationship problems, which a therapist may help identify Retrograde ejaculation may occur in men from these causes: Prostate or urethral surgery Medication that keeps the bladder neck open Diabetes (which can injure the nerves that normally close the bladder during ejaculation) Priapism may be caused by: Penile trauma Medical conditions such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, gout, diabetes Certain medications, including those used to treat erectile dysfunction Can Medication Cause Sexual Problems?
system: How can environmental factors contribute to sexual problems in men?
output: You may find it difficult to enjoy a sexual relationship if: You are under a lot of stress Your relationship is troubled You have a history of traumatic sexual encounters (rape or incest) You were raised in a family with strict sexual taboos You're afraid of getting your partner pregnant or of contracting a sexually-transmitted disease You have negative feelings (including guilt, anger, fear, low self-esteem, and anxiety) You are depressed You are severely fatigued Environmental Factors in Sexual Problems You may find it difficult to enjoy sex if there is no safe, private place to relax and allow yourself to become sexual, or if fatigue due to an overly busy work and personal life robs you of the energy to participate sexually. Parents may find it difficult to find the time to be sexually intimate, given the demands/presence of their children. Fear of contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, which can lead to AIDS), the difficulties of striving for "safer sex," and the psychological effects of discrimination are just a few of the factors that can cause anxieties for men.
system: What causes retrograde ejaculation?
output: Possible psychological causes of sexual dysfunction include: Anxiety Guilty feelings about sex Sexual aversion disorder Learned behavior pattern of rapid ejaculation seen with frequent masturbation or infrequent sexual activity Painful intercourse usually has physical causes such as these: An infection of the prostate, urethra, or testes, which can be initiated by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and genital herpes An allergic reaction to spermicide or condoms Peyronie's disease, fibrous plaques on the upper side of the penis that often produce a painful bend during erection Arthritis of the lower back Lack of sexual desire may be due to any of these factors: Physical illness Hormonal abnormality (usually low testosterone levels) Medications that affect libido Alcohol or recreational drug abuse Psychological causes, including depression or relationship problems, which a therapist may help identify Retrograde ejaculation may occur in men from these causes: Prostate or urethral surgery Medication that keeps the bladder neck open Diabetes (which can injure the nerves that normally close the bladder during ejaculation) Priapism may be caused by: Penile trauma Medical conditions such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, gout, diabetes Certain medications, including those used to treat erectile dysfunction Can Medication Cause Sexual Problems?
system: How common is male sexual dysfunction?
output: Problems with sexual functioning are common, affecting more than half of all couples at some time. If your sexual problem only occurs under a particular set of circumstances, or only with certain sexual partners, then your condition is considered to be "situational" rather than "generalized" (occurring regardless of the circumstances or partner).
system: Is there anything I can do to prevent myself from falling if I have diabetes?
output: Regular doctor visits can keep you standing tall. He'll check your feet every time. If you notice any signs of peripheral neuropathy or any issues with your feet, be sure to let him know right away.
system: When should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes?
output: Visit your eye doctor at least once a year for an eye exam with pupil dilation. This test gives her a better view of the inside of your eye. If you notice any changes in your eyes or vision, don't wait for your next appointment. See the doctor right away if you: Have blurry vision See double Have trouble reading signs or books Have pain in one or both eyes Feel pressure inside your eye See spots or floaters Can't see objects to the sides as well as you used to This happens when you have an infection in your gums and other tissues nearby.
system: Is there anything I can do to prevent diabetes-related health complications?
output: While you can't stop the clock, there's a lot you can do to lower the odds of future issues, or at least slow them down. Work with your doctor to make sure your diabetes is well controlled. Follow your treatment plan, take your medicines, watch what you eat, and try to be more active. All of these steps will go a long way toward helping you live a longer, healthier life.
system: Is there anything I can do to prevent gum disease if I have diabetes?
output: Fortunately, there's plenty you can do to prevent problems. Brush twice a day. Floss once a day. And rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash daily. Keeping good sugar control plus visiting your dentist every 6 months helps reduce your risk of dental problems. Contact him if you notice any signs of disease, like gums that become red, swollen, or bleed easily.
system: Is there anything I can do if diabetes is causing issues in my sex life?
output: Men often have problems like: Erectile dysfunction -- trouble getting or keeping an erection Retrograde ejaculation -- semen goes into the bladder instead of out your penis Women may notice: Deceased vaginal lubrication, or vaginal dryness Discomfort or pain during sex Less desire for sex Trouble getting or staying aroused Less sensation during sex Inability to have an orgasm If you have changes in your sexual function or arousal, let your doctor know. It may feel weird to talk about it, but these problems are common and treatable. They range from medicines and lubricants to counseling and exercises that strengthen muscles used during sex.
system: What is gum disease and what factors put you at risk for it?
output: See the doctor right away if you: Have blurry vision See double Have trouble reading signs or books Have pain in one or both eyes Feel pressure inside your eye See spots or floaters Can't see objects to the sides as well as you used to This happens when you have an infection in your gums and other tissues nearby. Without proper dental care, your risk for gum disease may rise as you age. Diabetes makes you more likely to get gum disease. It affects your ability to fight off infections, including those in your mouth. Untreated gum disease can lead to tooth loss.
system: What diabetes-related sexual problems often arise in men?
output: Men often have problems like: Erectile dysfunction -- trouble getting or keeping an erection Retrograde ejaculation -- semen goes into the bladder instead of out your penis Women may notice: Deceased vaginal lubrication, or vaginal dryness Discomfort or pain during sex Less desire for sex Trouble getting or staying aroused Less sensation during sex Inability to have an orgasm If you have changes in your sexual function or arousal, let your doctor know.
system: What are possible complications of the flu in people with diabetes?
output: Possible flu complications include: Pneumonia Bronchitis Sinus infections Ear infections In serious cases, complications can lead to hospitalization and even death.
system: Can diabetes cause problems with sexual function?
output: Be on the lookout for problems in the bedroom. When you have diabetes, they may start earlier or become more severe than with other folks. The disease can damage nerves or blood vessels that affect your sexual organs.
system: Can diabetes put me at risk for falling more often?
output: They're a serious concern among older adults. Low vision, certain medicines, balance problems, and more can cause you to take a tumble. Diabetes also puts you at risk for falls. It can damage nerves in your feet, a condition called peripheral neuropathy. It can cause pain, tingling, sensitivity, âpins and needles,â or numbness in your feet. This can make it hard to sense where your feet are, which can cause you to easily trip or fall.
system: Can having the flu make my diabetes worse?
output: The flu can also make diabetes worse by raising your blood sugar levels. It can also affect your appetite, and when you don't eat enough your blood sugar plummets. If you come down with the flu, call the doctor. Antiviral medications used to treat the flu work best when given within 48 hours from when symptoms start.
system: How common is diabetes and how often does diabetes cause complications?
output: Having the disease makes you more likely to get some serious complications. The combination of the two can even make some health problems worse. Doctors still have a lot to learn about the connection, but the best way to reduce your odds of getting it is to keep your diabetes under control.
system: Can diabetes put me at risk for having the flu?
output: That's because both diabetes and age weaken your immune system, making you less able to fight infections. If you come down with the flu, call the doctor.
system: How can genes cause eye miosis?
output: Genes: Being born without the muscle that controls your pupils or with pupil muscles that aren't formed correctly is called congenital miosis or microcoria. You get it when one or both of your parents pass down a problem gene to you. It can happen in one eye or both eyes.
system: How can side effects of a medication cause eye miosis?
output: Side effect of a medication: Certain anxiety, muscle spasm, and seizure medications like diazepam ( Valium) or antihistamines like diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) can make your pupils shrink. So can narcotics, either prescribed or illicit.
system: How can Horner's syndrome cause eye miosis?
output: Horner's syndrome: This rare condition affects the way your brain "talks" to one side of your face, including one of your eyes. It can make one of your pupils smaller than the other. You can inherit it from your parents, or it can happen after a neck injury or neck surgery. You can also get it if your chest, neck, or brain doesn't form correctly. Sometimes kids get it if they have a rare type of cancer called neuroblastoma or a tumor in another part of their body.
system: How can age cause eye miosis?
output: Age: It's normal for a newborn's pupils to stay small for about 2 weeks so her eyes have extra protection from bright light. Your pupils tend to get smaller as you get older, too. The muscles that work your pupils can get weak and have a tough time opening them. This can make it harder for you to see at night.