laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the goals of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)?
output: The CISD program has three goals: Lessen the impact of a trauma Help those involved recover Find people who might need extra help A normal session involves a small group talking about their shared experience with help from a trained leader.
system: How can you treat symptoms of testicular pain?
output: For pain, take over-the-counter medication such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin). For swelling, apply an ice pack to the scrotum. The person should wear supportive underwear.
system: What is psoriatic arthritis?
output: Psoriatic arthritis ( Ps A) is a form of inflammatory arthritis that can affect some of the millions of people who have psoriasis. Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes a red, scaly rash, most often on your elbows, knees, ankles, feet, hands, and other areas.
system: What is symmetric psoriatic arthritis?
output: Psoriatic arthritis ( Ps A) is a form of inflammatory arthritis that can affect some of the millions of people who have psoriasis. It only affects people with Ps A, and not other types of arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Unlike other types of arthritis, Ps A can affect different toes and fingers on different sides of the body.
system: Is it safe to give cow's milk to babies under age 1?
output: It doesn't have enough iron, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids for your baby. Also, it contains too much protein, sodium, and potassium for your child's body to absorb and can cause harm. Wait to introduce cow's milk until your baby is 1 year old. You also don't want to give your baby soy milk or homemade formula. These substitutes may not have the balance of nutrition baby needs right now.
system: What fortifiers are added to the milk for babies who need special nutrition?
output: Babies who were born early (before 37 weeks) or at a low birth weight (less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces) need special nutrition to help them catch up on growth. Breast-fed babies may get a fortifier added to the milk, which contains: Extra calories Extra fat Protein Vitamins Minerals Babies who can't breast-feed will need a special formula made for preterm babies. These formulas are higher in calories. They also contain extra protein, vitamins, and minerals.
system: How important are nucleotides in nutrition for infants?
output: These building blocks of RNA and DNA are also found in breast milk and added to some formulas. They are thought to boost the baby's immune system and help the digestive organs develop.
system: How important are essential fatty acids in infant formulas?
output: They are fortified to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies all the nutrients they need to grow and be healthy. Most cow's milk formulas contain: Carbohydrates, in the form of the milk sugar "lactose" Iron Protein Minerals, such as calcium and zinc Vitamins, including A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins Some formulas add other nutrients to make them even more like breast milk, such as: Essential fatty acids. ARA and DHA are fatty acids that are important for the baby's brain and vision. They're naturally found in breast milk when the mother includes them in her own diet. Many formulas add them. Yet there's not a lot of evidence that formulas supplemented with fatty acids offer kids any real advantages as they grow.
system: What are formulas for infants made of?
output: They are fortified to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies all the nutrients they need to grow and be healthy. Most cow's milk formulas contain: Carbohydrates, in the form of the milk sugar "lactose" Iron Protein Minerals, such as calcium and zinc Vitamins, including A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins Some formulas add other nutrients to make them even more like breast milk, such as: Essential fatty acids.
system: What are some of the nutrients that babies need to grow and stay healthy in their first 6 months?
output: In their first year, babies triple their birth weight. Some of the nutrients babies need to grow and stay healthy include: Calcium . Helps build strong bones and teeth. Folate. Helps cells divide. Iron. Builds blood cells, and helps the brain develop. Breast-fed babies should receive iron supplements. Protein and carbohydrates. They provide energy and fuel growth. Zinc. Helps the cells grow and repair themselves Your baby also needs vitamins such as: Vitamin A. Keeps skin, hair, vision, and the immune system healthy.
system: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
output: Besides feeling cold, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include: Thinning hair Dry skin Fatigue Irregular or heavy menstrual periods Constipation Weight gain If you feel cold in your hands and feet, you may have a blood vessel disorder in which blood flow to your arms and legs is restricted.
system: Why do my hands and feet feel cold?
output: Besides feeling cold, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include: Thinning hair Dry skin Fatigue Irregular or heavy menstrual periods Constipation Weight gain If you feel cold in your hands and feet, you may have a blood vessel disorder in which blood flow to your arms and legs is restricted.
system: What are the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy?
output: Other symptoms of diabetic nephropathy include: Nausea and vomiting Itchiness Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Confusion Swelling in the face, feet or hands This is a type of eating disorder.
system: How common is genital herpes?
output: As you adjust, keep in mind that it's a common condition. In the U. S., 1 in 5 women ages 14-49 and 1 in 10 men in the same age range have it.
system: Do genital herpes outbreaks ever get better?
output: Remember that symptoms tend to calm down in time. Your first outbreak may be the worst you'll ever have.
system: How can you deal with anger about having herpes?
output: When you find out you have genital herpes, it can be a shock. As you adjust, keep in mind that it's a common condition. Because herpes may not flare up for a long time, it might also be hard to figure out exactly when you got it. And while there's a lot you can do to have safer sex, you might not completely avoid STD risks every time. Don't be too hard on yourself, or anyone else, about it.
system: What if I feel self-conscious about having genital herpes?
output: When you find out you have genital herpes, it can be a shock. Joining a support group is also an option.
system: What foods should you eat while pregnant?
output: Eat a variety of foods to get all the nutrients you need. Recommended daily servings include 6-11 servings of breads and grains, two to four servings of fruit, four or more servings of vegetables, four servings of dairy products, and three servings of protein sources (meat, poultry, fish, eggs or nuts). Consume fats and sweets sparingly.
system: Should you avoid fats while pregnant?
output: For a person eating 2000 calories a day, this would be 65 grams of fat or less per day. Limit cholesterol intake to 300 mg or less per day.
system: Can I eat a "low carb" diet while pregnant?
output: Low-carbohydrate diets, such as Atkins and the South Beach Diet, are very popular. There have been no studies of the effects of a low-carb diet on pregnancy, so its effect on the fetus, if any, are unknown. While you are pregnant, you should eat a balanced diet, from all of the food groups.
system: What can happen if you do not have enough calcium while pregnant?
output: Your growing baby needs a considerable amount of calcium to develop. If you do not consume enough calcium to sustain the needs of your developing baby, your body will take calcium from your bones, decreasing your bone mass and putting you at risk for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes dramatic thinning of the bone, resulting in weak, brittle bones that can easily be broken. Pregnancy is a critical time for a woman to consume more calcium. Even if no problems develop during pregnancy, an inadequate supply of calcium at this time can diminish bone strength and increase your risk for osteoporosis later in life.
system: How much iron do you need during pregnancy?
output: Eating at least three servings of iron-rich foods a day will help ensure that you are getting 27 mg of iron in your daily diet.
system: Should you avoid alcohol while pregnant?
output: Avoid alcohol during pregnancy. Alcohol has been linked to premature delivery, intellectual disability, birth defects, and low birthweight babies.
system: What is lactose intolerance?
output: If you are lactose intolerant, you can still receive the calcium you need. Here are some suggestions: Use Lactaid Milk fortified with calcium. Talk to your dietitian about other lactose-reduced products.
system: How much folate do you need during pregnancy?
output: Choose at least one good source of folate every day, like dark green leafy vegetables, veal, and legumes (lima beans, black beans, black-eyed peas and chickpeas). Every pregnant woman needs at least 0.64 mg of folate per day to help prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida. Man-made supplements of folate are called folic acid and can be an important option when you are pregnant.
system: Should you avoid caffeine while pregnant?
output: Limit caffeine to no more than 300 mg per day. The caffeine content in various drinks depends on the beans or leaves used and how it was prepared. An 8-ounce cup of coffee has about 150 mg of caffeine on average while black tea has typically about 80 mg. A 12-ounce glass of caffeinated soda contains anywhere from 30-60 mg of caffeine. Remember, chocolate (especially dark chocolate) contains caffeine -- sometimes a significant amount.
system: Why do I need more calcium while pregnant?
output: Calcium also allows blood to clot normally, muscles and nerves to function properly, and the heart to beat normally. Most of the calcium in your body is found inside your bones.
system: How much vitamin A do you need during pregnancy?
output: Choose at least one source of vitamin A every other day. Sources of vitamin A include carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, spinach, water squash, turnip greens, beet greens, apricots, and cantaloupe.
system: Should you avoid saccharin while pregnant?
output: But, the use of other non-nutritive or artificial sweeteners approved by the FDA is acceptable during pregnancy. These FDA-approved sweeteners include aspartame ( Equal or Nutra Sweet), acesulfame- K ( Sunett), and sucralose ( Splenda). These sweeteners are considered safe in moderation, so talk with your health care provider about how much non-nutritive sweetener is acceptable during pregnancy.
system: Can I stay vegetarian while pregnant?
output: Just because you are pregnant doesn't mean you have to diverge from your vegetarian diet. Your baby can receive all the nutrition he or she needs to grow and develop while you follow a vegetarian diet, if you make sure you eat a wide variety of healthy foods that provide enough protein and calories for you and your baby. Depending on the type of vegetarian meal plan you follow, you may need to adjust your eating habits to ensure that you and your baby are receiving adequate nutrition. You should consume about 300 more calories than you did before you became pregnant. Discuss your diet with your doctor.
system: What are guidelines to make sure you get enough iron while pregnant?
output: The following guidelines will help ensure that you are consuming enough calcium throughout your pregnancy: The U. S. Recommended Daily Allowance ( USRDA) for calcium is 1,000 mg per day for pregnant and breastfeeding women over age 18. Eating at least three servings of iron-rich foods a day will help ensure that you are getting 27 mg of iron in your daily diet. One of the best ways to get iron from your diet is to consume a highly fortified breakfast cereal. Note that iron intake is not equal to iron absorption. Absorption of iron into the body is greatest with meat sources of iron such as liver. The best sources of iron include enriched grain products, lean meat, poultry, fish, and leafy green vegetables.
system: Do your tastes for foods change while pregnant?
output: Avoid alcohol during pregnancy. You may suddenly dislike foods you were fond of before you became pregnant. In addition, during pregnancy, some women feel strong urges to eat non-food items such as ice, laundry starch, dirt, clay, chalk, ashes, or paint chips. This is called pica, and it may be associated with an iron deficiency such as anemia. Do not give in to these non-food cravings -- they can be harmful to both you and your baby. Tell your health care provider if you have these non-food cravings.
system: Should I take a calcium supplement during pregnancy?
output: Talk to your dietitian about other lactose-reduced products. The amount of calcium you will need from a supplement depends on how much calcium you are consuming through food sources. Calcium supplements and some antacids containing calcium, such as Tums, may complement an already healthy diet. Many multiple vitamin supplements contain little or no calcium; therefore, you may need an additional calcium supplement.
system: Should I take an iron supplement during pregnancy?
output: These sweeteners are considered safe in moderation, so talk with your health care provider about how much non-nutritive sweetener is acceptable during pregnancy. The National Academy of Sciences recommends that all pregnant women following a balanced diet take an iron supplement providing 27 mg of iron during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (that's the amount in most prenatal vitamins). Your doctor may increase this dose if you become anemic. Iron deficiency anemia is a condition in which the size and number of red blood cells are reduced. This condition may result from inadequate intake of iron or from blood loss.
system: How much iodine do you need during pregnancy?
output: Lots of tasty, healthy foods are great for you and your baby while you're pregnant. There's no need to avoid hard cheese, processed cheese, cream cheese, cottage cheese, or yogurt.
system: Why do teething babies have rashes?
output: Lots of drooling can sometimes create a rash around your child's mouth, but one that spreads to cover his torso, arms, or legs could be caused by an illness.
system: How much fussiness is normal for a teething baby?
output: The phrase âcutting a toothâ makes it sound like your little one will have severe, stabbing pain, but teething pain is pretty mild. A bit of extra fussiness is normal. But if your baby cries so much that she can't sleep or be consoled, see your doctor.
system: How do you know if a baby's fever is from teething or illness?
output: Or an illness? Irritability, gum rubbing, and a slightly raised temperature may be due to teething -- but only in the days right before and after a tooth's arrival. So if your little one seems miserable for several days in a row and you still don't see a tooth, then there's probably something else going on.
system: Why does a teething baby have runny nose, cough, vomiting or diarrhea?
output: It affects more than 85% of teething babies. Fevers have often been linked to teething, but evidence shows that's not really true.
system: Why is a teething baby is less interested in solids?
output: But if your baby cries so much that she can't sleep or be consoled, see your doctor. Some babies shun solids while a new tooth is pushing its way through.
system: What should you do if your baby has teething symptoms for more than few days?
output: Has a slightly raised temperature. So if your little one seems miserable for several days in a row and you still don't see a tooth, then there's probably something else going on. Reach out to your child's doctor.
system: Why do teething babies have no appetite for solids or liquids?
output: Expect some slobber as teeth begin pushing outward. But if your child is also refusing to nurse or take a bottle, talk to your pediatrician.
system: Why does a teething baby have a slight raise in temperature?
output: But there's one milestone you may not look forward to: teething. They found that the children had slight increases in temperature on the day a tooth erupted and the day before. But they didn't have what doctors would call a fever, which in a child is 100.4 F or above. Irritability, gum rubbing, and a slightly raised temperature may be due to teething -- but only in the days right before and after a tooth's arrival.
system: What are probiotics?
output: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. You can also find them in supplements and some foods.
system: How much probiotics should I take?
output: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. You can also find them in supplements and some foods. You'll find them as capsules, powders, and liquids. Your doctor may point you to a product that's been tested and shown to work for your condition. The right dose varies for each product and for the condition you use them for. Some may not have as many helpful microbes as their labels say.
system: What are the different types of probiotics?
output: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. You can also find them in supplements and some foods. There are many different probiotics. Some have just one helpful type of bacteria, while others are a mixture. To work well, probiotics must have enough good bacteria to allow them to grow in your intestines.
system: How safe are probiotics?
output: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. They may help prevent disease, or they might only work after you're sick. If you decide to take them, make sure to tell your doctor.
system: What medical condition can probiotics help?
output: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. Studies show they may help problems like: Diarrhea that's a side effect of antibiotics or from an infection Colitis caused by the bacteria C. difficile Ulcerative colitis Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics may also help improve Crohn's disease, allergies, and some types of skin problems, but there's no strong proof.
system: How do probiotics help with digestion?
output: These "good bacteria" live in your gut, where they help keep you healthy. They may work for some conditions but not others. Studies show they may help problems like: Diarrhea that's a side effect of antibiotics or from an infection Colitis caused by the bacteria C. difficile Ulcerative colitis Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics may also help improve Crohn's disease, allergies, and some types of skin problems, but there's no strong proof.
system: How can ADHD affect your eating habits and make you gain weight?
output: Eating habits: Many ADHD symptoms can keep you from eating healthy. If you can't plan ahead well, it can be hard to have time for low-calorie, nutritious meals or exercise. Trouble focusing and poor impulse control can distract you from choosing the right foods at a restaurant or supermarket, or from cooking a healthy meal at home. Lack of attention can keep you from realizing you're full. Trouble managing stress can lead to emotional eating. If you don't like being bored, you might be more likely to eat when you have nothing else to do.
system: What can you do when you have trouble controlling your urge to eat if you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
output: If you have trouble controlling your urges to eat, one idea is to make it harder to binge. Keep chips, candy, and other junk foods out of your house. Stock your fridge and pantry with good-for-you treats like these in case you have a craving: Fresh fruit Carrot and celery sticks Nuts Cheese sticks Low-fat yogurt Make a list before you go to the supermarket, and stick with it so you won't be tempted to buy something unhealthy.
system: How can impulsivity from ADHD lead to weight gain?
output: There are a few possible reasons: Hard time controlling impulses: This can make it tough to resist another piece of pizza or a second slice of cake. People with ADHD are 5 times more likely to have the eating disorder bulimia, which can involve bingeing or overeating.
system: How can you control your weight gain if you have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
output: Stock your fridge and pantry with good-for-you treats like these in case you have a craving: Fresh fruit Carrot and celery sticks Nuts Cheese sticks Low-fat yogurt Make a list before you go to the supermarket, and stick with it so you won't be tempted to buy something unhealthy. To make meals easier, cook a big batch of dinners at once and freeze them. Or use a prepared healthy meal service that delivers to your door.
system: Does exercise help if you have ADHD?
output: But if your ADHD or the drugs you take to treat it lead to a few extra pounds, you're not stuck with the extra weight. Go for a walk, do yoga, or just dance around your room. If you get bored easily, don't try to do a full hour of exercise at once. Break your routine into 10- or 15-minute segments to make them easier to finish.
system: How can you get fractures from osteoporosis?
output: It can cause: Sudden, severe back pain that gets worse when you are standing or walking with some relief when you lie down Trouble twisting or bending your body, and pain when you do Loss of height A curved spine called kyphosis, also known as a âdowager's hump.â Bones are fragile in osteoporosis. Fractures can happen even from simple movements that don't seem dangerous, for example lifting a bag of groceries, twisting to get out of a car, or tripping slightly on a rug. Fractures can take months to heal. The pain should start to go away as the bone begins to repair itself.
system: What is the most common cause of osteoporosis-related back pain?
output: Osteoporosis itself isn't painful. But when the condition is severe, it can lead to fractures and other painful problems. It can cause: Sudden, severe back pain that gets worse when you are standing or walking with some relief when you lie down Trouble twisting or bending your body, and pain when you do Loss of height A curved spine called kyphosis, also known as a âdowager's hump.â Bones are fragile in osteoporosis.
system: What are the types of surgeries for compression fractures?
output: But there are some that shouldn't be taken for a long time. Physical therapy. With vertebroplasty, your doctor uses a needle to inject a bone cement mixture into the fracture to help it heal. Then the doctor fills it with the bone cement mixture. These procedures seem to work best if you have them within 8 weeks of getting the spinal fracture.
system: Does osteoporosis hurt?
output: But when the condition is severe, it can lead to fractures and other painful problems. The most common cause of osteoporosis pain is a spinal compression fracture.
system: How do I know if my child has diabetic ketoacidosis with their type 1 diabetes?
output: Signs of DKA include: Fruity-smelling breath Nausea or vomiting Dry mouth Shortness of breath Abdominal pain You can prevent DKA by keeping close tabs on your child's glucose levels.
system: How can I know if my child has celiac disease?
output: Children with celiac disease tend to have digestion problems like: Pain Bloating Gas Vomiting Constipation Symptoms for adults are different and usually don't show up in their digestive system.
system: What are the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy in a child with type 1 diabetes?
output: Symptoms include: Spots floating across their vision Blurry vision Dark or empty patches in the center of their vision Trouble seeing at night Blindness Treatments for retinopathy may include medication, laser treatment, or surgery.
system: What treatments are available for nerve damage from diabetes?
output: A doctor can prescribe medication for specific pain or suggest lifestyle changes, acupuncture, or physical therapy to help manage the symptoms. He may also suggest certain vitamin or fatty acid supplements.
system: How likely can you get kidney disease with type 1 diabetes?
output: Diabetes can cause problems with the blood vessels that deliver blood to the kidneys. About 30% of people with type 1 will have kidney failure at some point in their lives.