laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can you tell if you have heartburn or a heart attack?
output: Chest pain is one of the most common reasons to go to the emergency room. While many of these people are having a heart attack, some folks may have severe heartburn. Often, the pain from a heart attack and a severe heartburn episode is so hard to tell apart that doctors need sophisticated tests to figure out what's going on. To complicate things even more, heartburn and heart attacks have many of the same symptoms and happen in similar types of people, such as those who are older or overweight.
system: How is heartburn diagnosed?
output: But they may ask you to take special tests to find out how severe the problem is or to keep an eye on your treatment.
system: What is the future goal for treating metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer?
output: As medical therapies improve, experts hope someday to treat this form of cancer like diabetes and other ongoing, "chronic" conditions, which doctors can manage for several years or even decades.
system: What are my treatment options if I have metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer?
output: The options your doctor recommends for you will depend on: Where the cancer is in your body The kind of cancer cells you have Your symptoms Breast cancer treatments you've had in the past Your health and age Your preferences It's your decision.
system: If I have metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer, what are some ways to feel better in body and mind?
output: These mean the same thing from the standpoint of where the cancer is, and we mean that it has left the breast and the lymph nodes in the underarm and found its way to another part of the body. The treatment options that are available that are the most effective depend on the type of the breast cancer. If the time comes when there aren't other options or the side effects are too much, let your doctor know how you feel and that you want your treatment to focus on comfort. See how many of these are helpful to you now: Eat well and stay active. This may help you handle treatment better. Exercise relaxes muscles and keeps you strong. Easy stretches and yoga can make you feel less tired and stressed and help you sleep better. Lean on loved ones. Your friends and family can support you when you need it the most. Share a meal or watch a movie together to help remind you that life is more than just about cancer. Get emotional support. Consider joining a support group for people with metastatic breast cancer. Talking to others who are in the same situation, whether it's online or in person, can help you feel more connected. A religious leader you know and trust, a spiritual counselor, or your small group can help you process what's happening and stay connected with your community and core beliefs. Be present. Mindfulness meditation uses deep breathing and relaxation to lessen stress. You can learn it in a class or simply take a few minutes each day to quietly focus on something, such as your breath or a calming word or phrase, letting other thoughts and feelings come and go. It may help you stay in the moment. Paint a picture. Dance to your favorite tunes. Drink in that beautiful sunrise. If it puts a smile on your face, it's worth doing.
system: Do I have a choice in the treatment option for my metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer?
output: Doctors will offer choices tailored for your condition. Learn as much as you can about your options, and find out about possible side effects before you decide. Talk to your doctor about it if an important occasion is coming up, like a wedding or a milestone birthday.
system: What will happen if my treatment no longer works for my metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer?
output: With stage IV breast cancer, the goal of treatment is to slow the disease's growth for as long as possible, with the least amount of side effects or pain. Learn as much as you can about your options, and find out about possible side effects before you decide. They work differently from chemotherapy in that they only attack the cancer and have different side effects. Sometimes cancer can no longer be seen on scans. When it doesn't, you'll move on to another one. Lean on loved ones.
system: How does medication help treat dissociative amnesia?
output: Medication: There is no medication to treat the dissociative disorders themselves. However, a person with a dissociative disorder who also suffers from depression or anxiety might sometimes benefit from treatment with a medication such as an antidepressant or anti-anxiety drug.
system: Is dissociative amnesia different from simple amnesia?
output: Dissociative amnesia is not the same as simple amnesia, which involves a loss of information from memory, usually as the result of disease or injury to the brain. With dissociative amnesia, the memories still exist but are deeply buried within the person's mind and cannot be recalled. However, the memories might resurface on their own or after being triggered by something in the person's surroundings.
system: When does dissociative amnesia occur?
output: Dissociative amnesia occurs when a person blocks out certain information, usually associated with a stressful or traumatic event, leaving him or her unable to remember important personal information. With this disorder, the degree of memory loss goes beyond normal forgetfulness and includes gaps in memory for long periods of time or of memories involving the traumatic event.
system: How can you lower the risk of dissociative amnesia?
output: Although it may not be possible to prevent dissociative amnesia, it might be helpful to begin treatment in people as soon as they begin to have symptoms. Immediate intervention after a traumatic event or emotionally distressing experience can help to reduce the likelihood of dissociative disorders.
system: What are the symptoms of dissociative amnesia?
output: The primary symptom of dissociative amnesia is the sudden inability to remember past experiences or personal information. Some people with this disorder also might appear confused and suffer from depression and/or anxiety.
system: What is dissociative amnesia?
output: Dissociative amnesia is one of a group of conditions called dissociative disorders. There also might be a genetic link to the development of dissociative disorders, including dissociative amnesia, because people with these disorders sometimes have close relatives who have had similar conditions. If no physical illness is found, the person might be referred to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Treatment then aims to help the person safely express and process painful memories, develop new coping and life skills, restore functioning, and improve relationships.
system: What causes dissociative amnesia?
output: Dissociative amnesia is not the same as simple amnesia, which involves a loss of information from memory, usually as the result of disease or injury to the brain. There also might be a genetic link to the development of dissociative disorders, including dissociative amnesia, because people with these disorders sometimes have close relatives who have had similar conditions.
system: Who's most likely to get dissociative amnesia?
output: When one or more of these functions is disrupted, symptoms can result. Dissociative amnesia has been linked to overwhelming stress, which might be the result of traumatic events -- such as war, abuse, accidents, or disasters -- that the person has experienced or witnessed.
system: What's the goal of treatment for dissociative amnesia?
output: These symptoms can interfere with a person's general functioning, including social and work activities, and relationships. The best treatment approach depends on the individual and the severity of his or her symptoms. The outlook for people with dissociative amnesia depends on several factors, including the person's life situation, the availability of support systems, and the individual's response to treatment.
system: What is the outlook for people with dissociative amnesia?
output: With dissociative amnesia, the memories still exist but are deeply buried within the person's mind and cannot be recalled. The outlook for people with dissociative amnesia depends on several factors, including the person's life situation, the availability of support systems, and the individual's response to treatment. For most people with dissociative amnesia, memory returns with time, making the overall outlook very good.
system: How big should my toothbrush be?
output: The best toothbrush head for you should allow you easy access to all surfaces of your teeth. For most adults, a toothbrush head a half-inch wide and one-inch tall will be the easiest to use and the most effective. Though there are larger toothbrush heads available, you may find that it is difficult to maneuver them to clean certain hard-to-reach areas, such as the sides and backs of your molars. The toothbrush should have a long enough handle so you can comfortably hold it in your hand.
system: What are tips for picking bristles on a toothbrush?
output: For the vast majority of people, a soft-bristled toothbrush will be the most comfortable and safest choice. Depending on how vigorously you brush your teeth and the strength of your teeth, medium- and hard-bristled brushes could actually damage the gums, root surface, and protective tooth enamel. For even more tooth protection when you brush, be sure the bristles on the toothbrush you select have rounded tips.
system: What is behavioral therapy to quit smoking?
output: This involves working with a counselor to find ways not to smoke. Together, you'll find your triggers (such as emotions or situations that make you want to smoke) and make a plan to get through the cravings.
system: What if I start smoking again after quitting?
output: It's called a relapse, and a lot of people go through it before they kick the habit for good. It's also very normal in strong addictions like smoking. If it happens, try to smoke as little as possible until you're ready to quit again.
system: How hard will it be to quit smoking?
output: Everyone is different, and how tough it will be for you depends on: How many cigarettes you smoke a day If your friends and family members smoke Why you smoke Focus on the benefits.
system: What are combo treatments to help you quit smoking?
output: You might be more likely to quit for good if you use a mix of different methods. For example, using both a nicotine patch and gum may be better than a patch alone. Other helpful combinations include behavioral therapy and nicotine replacement therapy; prescription medication with a nicotine replacement therapy patch; and a nicotine replacement therapy patch and nicotine spray. The FDA hasn't approved using two types of nicotine replacement therapies at the same time, so be sure to talk with your doctor first to see if this is the right approach for you.
system: How well does quitting smoking cold turkey work?
output: Only about 5% to 7% are able to quit on their own. Have a quit-smoking support group available.
system: What is advance directive (living will)?
output: Advance Directive (living will): A document written in "good" health which informs your family and health care providers of your wishes for extended medical treatment in times of emergency.
system: What is the definition of trans-myocardial revascularization?
output: Trans- Myocardial Revascularization ( TMR): A procedure used in people with severe heart disease who are not candidates for bypass surgery. In this procedure, an incision is made in the chest. The heart is exposed and small holes are drilled through the wall of the heart with a laser.
system: What is the definition of diastolic pressure?
output: Diastolic Pressure: The pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling. It is the lower of two blood pressure measurements; for example, if the blood pressure is 120/80, then 80 is the diastolic pressure.
system: What is the dipyridamole stress test?
output: Dipyridamole Stress Test: If you are unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary bicycle for a stress test, a drug called dipyridamole ( Persantine) is used instead of exercise to test the heart's blood flow.
system: What is ECMO (extra corporeal membrane oxygenation)?
output: ECMO( Extra corporeal Membrane Oxygenation): In people who are unable to provide oxygen for their own blood or enough blood circulation, they can be put on life support known as extra corporeal membrane oxygenation. The blood is withdrawn from a large vein in the body and passes through a pumping mechanism, and then through a device that puts oxygen into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood. The blood is then returned to the body and circulated in such a way as to sustain life.
system: What is the definition of radial artery?
output: Radial Artery: The radial artery is a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood in the forearm. You can feel the pulse of the radial artery by feeling the inside of the wrist underneath the base of the thumb.
system: What is the definition of Holter monitor?
output: Holter Monitor: A small recorder (monitor) that monitors for abnormal heartbeats. It is attached to electrodes on your chest. It records the heart's rhythm continuously for 24 to 48 hours. After the monitor is removed, the heart's beats are counted and analyzed by a technician with the aid of a computer. Your doctor can learn if you are having irregular heartbeats, what kind they are, how long they last, as well as what may cause them.
system: What is the definition of idiopathic?
output: Idiopathic: When the cause of a disease or process is not known.
system: What is the definition of coronary arteries?
output: Coronary Arteries: Network of blood vessels that branch off the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood. There are two main coronary arteries: the right and the left.
system: What is the definition of flutter?
output: Flutter: One form of rapid heartbeat, often involving the top part of the heart, called the atria.
system: What is the definition of cardiac rehabilitation?
output: Cardiac Rehabilitation: A structured program of education and activity guided toward lifestyle modification, increasing functional capabilities and peer support.
system: What is the definition of mortality rate?
output: Mortality Rate: The percentage of deaths associated with a disease or medical treatment.
system: What is the definition of hydrogenation?
output: Hydrogenation: A process used to harden unsaturated liquid vegetable oils into saturated fats.
system: What is the definition of leaflets?
output: Leaflets: Thin pieces of tissue or flaps that make up a valve.
system: What is the definition of exercise stress test?
output: Exercise Stress Test: A test used to provide information about how the heart responds to stress. It usually involves walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike at increasing levels of difficulty, while the electrocardiogram, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored.
system: What is the definition of hyperlipidemia?
output: Hyperlipidemia: High levels of fat in the blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
system: What is the definition of occlusion?
output: Occlusion: Blockage.
system: What is the definition of Wolff Parkinson White syndrome?
output: Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome ( WPW): WPW is an abnormal conduction pathway that can sometimes cause an arrhythmia. People with WPW have more than one electrical conduction pathway in their heart (accessory pathways). These electrical impulses set up a short circuit causing the heart to beat rapidly and conduct impulses in both directions.
system: What is the definition of silent ischemia?
output: Silent Ischemia: Inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart that does not cause symptoms such as chest pain.
system: What is the definition of subvalvular aortic stenosis?
output: Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis: A narrowing of the flow of blood below the aortic valve in the left ventricle. It is usually caused by a membrane or thickening in the muscle in this area.
system: What is the definition of Sestamibi exercise stress test?
output: Sestamibi Exercise Stress Test ( Sestamibi stress test, stress perfusion scan, stress Sestamibi): A diagnostic study, which uses a small amount of radioactive tracer, injected into the body, and a special camera, which detects the radiation, released by the substance to produce a computer image of the heart. Combined with exercise, the study can help determine if there is adequate blood flow to the heart at rest, as compared with activity.
system: What is ventricular septal defect?
output: Ventricular Septal Defect: The right and left ventricles lie next to each other in the heart. The septum is the membranous wall that separates them. A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the septum.
system: What is the definition of syncope?
output: Stroke: A sudden loss of brain function due to decreased blood flow to an area of the brain.
system: What is the definition of transesophageal echocardiogram?
output: Transesophageal Echocardiogram ( TEE): An invasive imaging procedure that creates a picture of the heart's movement, valves, and chambers using high frequency sound waves that come from a small transducer passed down your throat. TEE provides clear images of the heart's movement because the transducer is close to the heart and limits interference from air in the lungs.
system: What is the definition of tachycardia?
output: A heart rate above 100 beats per minute.
system: What is the definition of thrombus?
output: Thrombus: A blood clot.
system: What is the definition of sodium?
output: Sodium (salt): A mineral found in most of the foods we eat. The largest source of dietary sodium comes from sodium chloride or table salt. Intake of sodium tends to increase the retention of water.
system: What is the definition of risk factor (for heart disease)?
output: Risk Factor (for heart disease): Traits people have that are linked to the development and progression of coronary artery disease. There are modifiable risk factors -- related to lifestyle and may be changed or controlled -- and non-modifiable risk factors -- related to aging and genetics and cannot be changed.
system: What is aortic valve repair?
output: Aortic Valve Repair: The aortic valve is the last valve in the heart through which the blood travels prior to circulating in the body. When this valve is leaking or too tight, a surgeon may be able to repair the valve rather than replace it.
system: What is the definition of angioplasty?
output: Angioplasty: An invasive procedure, during which a specially designed balloon catheter with a small balloon tip is guided to the point of narrowing in the artery. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the fatty matter into the artery wall and stretch the artery open to increase blood flow to the heart.
system: What is the definition of balloon angioplasty?
output: Balloon Angioplasty ( Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty or PTCA): A procedure used to clean out clogged heart arteries. A specially designed balloon catheter with a small balloon tip is guided to the point of narrowing in the artery. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the fatty matter into the artery wall and stretch the artery open to increase blood flow to the heart.
system: What is the definition of hibernating myocardium?
output: Hibernating Myocardium: Hibernating myocardium is heart muscle that does not pump normally due to decreased blood flow, usually from a coronary artery blockage or heart attack. If normal blood flow is restored (for example, by angioplasty of a coronary blockage), then the myocardium may be able to return to normal function.
system: What is the definition of diuretic?
output: Diuretic: A drug that enables the kidneys to rid the body of excess fluid. It may also be referred to as a "water pill."
system: What is the definition of intravascular?
output: Intravascular: Inside a blood vessel.
system: What is the definition of diabetes?
output: Diabetes: A condition in which the body does not produce or respond to insulin (a hormone produced by your body, which allows blood sugar or glucose into your body's cells for energy).
system: What is the definition of coronary artery disease?
output: Coronary Artery Disease (atherosclerosis): A build-up of fatty material, also called plaques, in the wall of the coronary artery that causes narrowing of the artery.
system: What is arterial grafting?
output: Arterial Grafting: In patients who require coronary artery bypass graft surgery, arteries from other parts of the body can be used to provide the bypass grafts. This is known as arterial grafting. The alternative is to use vein grafts for coronary bypass surgery.
system: What is the definition of IHSS?
output: IHSS: Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis is another term used synonymously with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy ( HOCM). It is an inherited disease of the heart that causes thickening of the heart muscle and other changes to the heart that significantly impair its function. Although the disease is rare, IHSS is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young people. The term that is most frequently used now is HOCM.
system: What is the definition of prophylaxis?
output: Prophylaxis: The prevention of disease.
system: What is the definition of arrhythmia?
output: Arrhythmia: An irregular heartbeat.
system: What is the definition of off pump heart surgery?
output: Off Pump Heart Surgery: Heart surgery done without the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
system: What is the definition of coronary spasm?
output: Coronary Spasm: Repeated contractions and dilations of the coronary arteries, causing a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle. It may occur at rest and can even occur in people without significant coronary artery disease.
system: What is the definition of myomectomy?
output: Myomectomy: A surgical procedure to remove abnormally thickened heart muscle.
system: What is the definition of obesity?
output: Obesity: Excess fat due to eating more calories than used. It is usually defined having a body mass index ( BMI -- see above) of 30 or higher.
system: What is the definition of edema?
output: Edema: Swelling; the accumulation of fluids, usually in the hands, feet, or abdomen.
system: What is the definition of dobutamine stress echocardiogram?
output: Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogram ( Dobutamine echo): A procedure that involves infusing a medication (dobutamine) through an intravenous ( IV) line while you are closely monitored. This drug stimulates your heart allowing evaluation of heart and valve function at rest and with exertion, when you are unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary cycle. An echocardiogram is then performed repeatedly during a stress test to evaluate the pumping chambers of the heart.
system: What is the definition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR?
output: Cardiopulmonary Resusitation ( CPR): A technique designed to temporarily circulate oxygenated blood through the body of a person whose heart has stopped. It involves assessing the airway; if necessary breathing for the person; determining if the person is without a pulse; and if necessary, applying pressure to the chest to circulate blood.
system: What is the definition of maze procedure?
output: Maze Procedure: A surgical treatment for chronic atrial fibrillation. The surgeon makes multiple incisions in the atrium to block the path of the atrial fibrillation rhythm, thus allowing the normal heartbeat to occur.
system: What is a nuclear scan?
output: Nuclear Scan: Nuclear imaging is a method of producing images by detecting radiation from different parts of the body after the administration of a radioactive tracer material.
system: What is the definition of angina?
output: Angina (also called angina pectoris): Discomfort or pressure, usually in the chest, caused by a temporarily inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle. Discomfort may also be felt in the neck, jaw, or arms.
system: What is the definition of catheter?
output: Catheter: A slender, hollow, flexible tube.