laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What should I know about primary tooth eruption?
output: Primary Teeth Development Chart Upper Teeth When tooth emerges When tooth falls out Central incisor 8 to 12 months 6 to 7 years Lateral incisor 9 to 13 months 7 to 8 years Canine (cuspid) 16 to 22 months 10 to 12 years First molar 13 to 19 months 9 to 11 years Second molar 25 to 33 months 10 to 12 years Lower Teeth Second molar 23 to 31 months 10 to 12 years First molar 14 to 18 months 9 to 11 years Canine (cuspid) 17 to 23 months 9 to 12 years Lateral incisor 10 to 16 months 7 to 8 years Central incisor 6 to 10 months 6 to 7 years Other primary tooth eruption facts: A general rule of thumb is that for every 6 months of life, approximately 4 teeth will erupt. Girls generally precede boys in tooth eruption. Lower teeth usually erupt before upper teeth. Teeth in both jaws usually erupt in pairs -- one on the right and one on the left. Primary teeth are smaller in size and whiter in color than the permanent teeth that will follow. By the time a child is 2 to 3 years of age, all primary teeth should have erupted.
system: What is the natural growth process for my child's teeth?
output: The complete set of primary teeth is in the mouth from the age of 2 ½ to 3 years of age to 6 to 7 years of age. This is a perfectly natural growth process that provides the necessary space for the larger permanent teeth to emerge. Between the ages of 6 and 12, a mixture of both primary teeth and permanent teeth reside in the mouth.
system: How is atrial fibrillation treated?
output: AFib treatments also prevent clots and help keep your heart healthy. These can prevent clots and strokes, slow your heart rate, and control your heart rhythm.
system: What is it like if you have atrial fibrillation?
output: With AFib, your heart quivers, beats too quickly, or skips beats. It can't pump blood through its chambers and out to your body as well as it should. Sometimes blood can pool in the heart and form clots, which could lead to a stroke.
system: When do you need surgery for atrial fibrillation?
output: You and your doctor have treatment options if your symptoms become too severe.
system: How are the causes of atrial fibrillation treated?
output: If problems such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, or an overactive thyroid caused your AFib, you'll need to treat the root cause. Your doctor might prescribe medications to get those conditions under control. Your doctor may also recommend screening and treatment for sleep apnea, a disorder in which breathing starts and stops throughout the night.
system: What is the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation?
output: The surgeon makes small cuts in the upper part of your heart. They're stitched together to form the scar tissue that stops abnormal signals. Mini maze: Most people with AFib don't need open-heart surgery.
system: What is ablation for atrial fibrillation?
output: With AFib, your heart quivers, beats too quickly, or skips beats. Your doctor puts a thin, flexible tube into a blood vessel in your leg or neck. They're stitched together to form the scar tissue that stops abnormal signals. She'll send radiofrequency energy through the catheter to destroy the AV node. Your doctor also might recommend you take some simple steps to help keep your heart healthy: Change your diet -- eat heart-healthy, low-salt food.
system: What is left atrial appendage occlusion for atrial fibrillation?
output: These can prevent clots and strokes, slow your heart rate, and control your heart rhythm. Your doctor puts a thin, flexible tube into a blood vessel in your leg or neck. The surgeon makes small cuts in the upper part of your heart.
system: What are the symptoms of pinkeye?
output: They depend on the cause of the inflammation, but may include: Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid Swollen conjunctiva More tears than usual Thick yellow discharge that crusts over the eyelashes, especially after sleep.
system: How is pinkeye from bacteria treated?
output: If bacteria, including those related to STDs, caused your pinkeye, you'll take antibiotics in the form of eyedrops, ointments, or pills. You may need to apply eyedrops or ointments to the inside of your eyelid 3 to 4 times a day for 5 to 7 days. You would take pills for several days. The infection should improve within a week. Take or use the medicines as instructed by your doctor, even if the symptoms go away.
system: What are the complications of pinkeye?
output: Usually, pinkeye clears up on its own or after you take any medicines your doctor prescribes, with no lasting problems. Mild pinkeye is almost always harmless and will get better without treatment. But some forms of conjunctivitis can become serious and sight-threatening, because they can scar your cornea. They include conjunctivitis caused by gonorrhea, chlamydia, or certain strains of the adenovirus.
system: How is pinkeye from allergies treated?
output: Conjunctivitis tied to allergies should improve once you get your allergy treated and avoid your allergy trigger. Antihistamines (either oral or drops) can give relief in the meantime. ( But remember that if you have dry eyes, taking antihistamines by mouth can make your eyes even drier.) See your doctor if you think your pinkeye is due to an allergy.
system: How is pinkeye from irritants treated?
output: For pinkeye caused by an irritating substance, use water to wash the substance from the eye for 5 minutes. Your eyes should begin to improve within 4 hours. If your conjunctivitis was caused by acid or alkaline material such as bleach, immediately rinse the eyes with lots of water and call your doctor right away.
system: How can I prevent spreading pinkeye?
output: Wash your hands often with soap and warm water, especially before eating. Afterward, discard the cotton ball or paper towel and wash your hands with soap and warm water. When you do the laundry, clean your bed linens, pillowcases, and towels in hot water and detergent. Don 't touch or rub your infected eye with your fingers. Don 't wear, and never share, eye makeup, eyedrops, or contact lenses. Wear glasses. And throw away disposable lenses, or be sure to clean extended-wear lenses and all eyewear cases. If your child has bacterial or viral pinkeye, keep them home from school or day care until they are no longer contagious. It's usually safe to return to school when symptoms are gone.
system: What can I do to relieve symptoms of pinkeye?
output: Don 't wear, and never share, eye makeup, eyedrops, or contact lenses. Protect your eyes from dirt and other things that irritate them. Nonprescription "artificial tears," a type of eyedrops, may help ease itching and burning from the irritating things that cause your pinkeye. But you shouldn't use other types of eyedrops because they may irritate the eyes, including those promoted to treat eye redness. Don't use the same bottle of drops in an uninfected eye.
system: How can I avoid getting pinkeye?
output: Viral pinkeye: Red, irritated eyes. You can treat it with antibotics. ( But remember that if you have dry eyes, taking antihistamines by mouth can make your eyes even drier.) Wash your hands often with soap and warm water, especially before eating. Keep your own towels, washcloths, and pillows separate from others, or use paper towels. Don 't wear, and never share, eye makeup, eyedrops, or contact lenses. It also helps to learn how to use eyedrops the right way.
system: How is pinkeye from viruses treated?
output: Viruses. This type of pinkeye often results from the viruses that cause a common cold. Just as a cold must run its course, the same is true for this form of pinkeye, which usually lasts from 4 to 7 days. Remember, it can be very contagious, so do everything you can to prevent its spread. See your doctor if you think your pinkeye is due to an allergy. Wear glasses. For instance, if you share a computer or other gear with others, make sure you wash your hands before you touch your face, especially during cold and flu season.
system: What are some urine tests that doctors do to help diagnose bladder cancer?
output: Urine culture. Your doctor will send your urine to a lab. Urine tumor marker tests. These look for substances that are released by bladder cancer cells. Your doctor may use one or more of these along with a urine cytology to see if you have the disease. If cancer in your bladder spread to your lungs, this test will allow your doctor to see it.
system: How does psychotherapy treat schizophreniform disorder?
output: Psychotherapy: The goal is to help the person recognize and learn about the illness and its treatment, set goals, and manage everyday problems related to the condition. It can also help the person handle the feelings of distress linked to the symptoms.
system: What to expect with schizophreniform disorder?
output: People with schizophreniform disorder recover within 6 months. If the symptoms don't improve, the person likely has schizophrenia, which is a lifelong illness. According to the American Psychiatric Association, about two-thirds of people with schizophreniform disorder go on to develop schizophrenia.
system: What types of medications can treat schizophreniform disorder?
output: Medication: Antipsychotic drugs are the main medications that doctors use to treat the psychotic symptoms of schizophreniform disorder, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking.
system: What is the treatment for schizophreniform disorder?
output: People with severe symptoms or who are at risk of hurting themselves or others may need to be hospitalized to get their condition under control. Medication: Antipsychotic drugs are the main medications that doctors use to treat the psychotic symptoms of schizophreniform disorder, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking.
system: How do doctors diagnose schizophreniform disorder?
output: If someone has symptoms, a doctor may use various tests -- such as brain imaging (like MRI scans) or blood tests -- to rule out a nonpsychiatric medical problem. If the doctor finds no physical reason for the symptoms, he or she may refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist, mental health professionals who are trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. They use specially designed interview and assessment tools to see if someone has a psychotic disorder. For a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder, the symptoms can only have lasted for less than 6 months.
system: How common is schizophreniform disorder?
output: In women, it most often happens between ages 24 and 35.
system: How can someone prevent schizophreniform disorder?
output: Like schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder is a type of "psychosis" in which a person cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. But early diagnosis and treatment are very important, because they can help to limit damage to the person's life, family, and other relationships.
system: What is schizophreniform disorder?
output: Like schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder is a type of "psychosis" in which a person cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. It also affects how people think, act, express emotions, and relate to others. If symptoms last longer than 6 months, doctors consider the person to have schizophrenia rather than schizophreniform disorder. For a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder, the symptoms can only have lasted for less than 6 months.
system: What is a gastrologist?
output: You may need to visit a gastroenterologist for health concerns with your: Esophagus, the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach Stomach Small intestine Colon Rectum Pancreas Gallbladder Bile ducts Liver Technically, a gastrologist is someone who specializes in gastrology. That could mean caring for the stomach with medicine. It could also mean caring for the stomach with food. Gastrology may have been a medical term in the early 1900s, judging by journals from around that time. If so, the word was long ago replaced by gastroenterology. You won't find doctors who describe themselves as gastrologists today -- at least not in the U. S. There are many reasons you may visit a gastroenterologist.
system: What is a gastroenterologist?
output: Gastroenterologists are doctors who are trained to diagnose and treat problems in your gastrointestinal ( GI) tract and liver. They have 5 to 6 years of specialized education after medical school. You may need to visit a gastroenterologist for health concerns with your: Esophagus, the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach Stomach Small intestine Colon Rectum Pancreas Gallbladder Bile ducts Liver Technically, a gastrologist is someone who specializes in gastrology.
system: What is the difference between a gastrologist and a gastroenterologist?
output: It's easy to see why many people call it gastrologyby mistake. Gastrology does have a medical definition: It's the study of the stomach and stomach diseases. But it's not a medical specialty in the United States today. The type of doctor you'd see for stomach problems is a gastroenterologist, not a gastrologist. That could mean caring for the stomach with medicine.
system: How does acupuncture help the flu?
output: The World Health Organization supports the use of acupuncture for respiratory and infectious complications of the flu.
system: Which antiviral medicines treat and prevent the flu?
output: To treat and prevent both influenza A and B, there are baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), and zanamivir ( Relenza). Zanamivir is inhaled like an asthma medication. Tamiflu and Xofluza are taken as pills and Rapivab is given in one intravenous dose.
system: Is garlic good for the flu?
output: Many claims have been made, but there isn't enough research demonstrating any benefit of many herbs, including garlic and ginseng. Garlic is known to prevent the blood from clotting, so if you're on "blood thinners," it could present a problem. Garlic's active ingredient, allicin, can be found in a wide range of supplements. However, recent studies have shown the actual amount you get may vary greatly, and often, you get very little of it. Garlic does have some natural anti-viral properties, but has no proven effectiveness in the prevention or treatment of the flu. If you feel that garlic is important for your health, it's safe, the fresh variety may be the best choice.
system: What herbs can relieve flu symptoms?
output: Herbs including elderflower, myrrh, willow bark, rose hips, honeysuckle flowers, and boneset have also been suggested for relief from the many symptoms that accompany the flu.
system: Is echinacea good for the flu?
output: Be sure your medical doctor knows of everything you are taking -- standard medicine and alternatives. There are few well-designed studies on how these herbs and supplements treat and prevent influenza.
system: What are some tips to help a teenager take charge of their feelings about a sick or dying sibling?
output: Tips for helping teenage siblings of a sick or dying child: Let friends and boyfriends or girlfriends be involved. Palliative care teams encourage friends to visit and extend their support services to them. Don't be hurt when teenagers seek the support of their friends more than their parents. As teenagers' grief is more like that of adults, teenagers who lose a sibling may need more time off of school and regular activities.
system: What are tips to help a 10- to 12-year-old sibling cope with their feelings about a sick or dying child?
output: Tips for helping 10- to 12-year-old siblings of a sick or dying child: Find opportunities for constructive venting of feelings, such as sibling groups at hospitals and art or play therapies. Provide as much specific, factual information as possible. Keep siblings in regular routines as much as possible. It may not seem like long, but professionals advise that children under age 12 not miss more than a week of school after a sibling has died. But they acknowledge that each child has unique needs.
system: How should I talk to my child about death?
output: Experts advise parents to be honest and concrete in discussions about death. Avoid euphemisms. Adults use euphemisms to avoid uncomfortable subjects, but children, who think literally throughout a great deal of childhood, may not pick up on these cues. If a parent tells a child whose sibling has died that the sibling is sleeping, the child may expect the sibling to wake up. If the parent says the sibling will not wake up, the child may fear going to sleep and not waking up.
system: What should I expect if I talk to my children about life-threatening conditions?
output: When a family member has a life-threatening condition, frequently children will ask questions. The older they get, the more specific their questions will be. As teenagers, they may even be the ones guiding the conversation. Although the answers to their questions may bring bad news, children do not process bad news in the same way that adults do. Parents may be hurt by this. Adults understand the permanence of death immediately, so we respond with tears. Children, especially those under age 12, may not understand the permanence of death right away, so they may not have a strong initial reaction to bad news.
system: What might happen if parents avoid a child's questions about death if the child has a life-threatening illness?
output: If parents avoid children's questions, the children may ask someone else or hold the questions in, which could result in unnecessary anxiety. Acknowledging rather than disregarding questions can build trust and show children that their concerns are important.
system: How do 6- to 9-year-olds understand death and dying?
output: 6- to 9-year-olds have a more evolved sense of dying: They associate death with old age. They may not understand that they or a sibling could die. They know more about how the body works, so they may have specific questions about how someone dies. A sibling may think that a bruise on his own body indicates the same illness a brother or sister had. They may associate death with frightening images from cartoons, such as ghosts and spirits.
system: How well can infant and toddler siblings of a sick or dying child understand what is happening?
output: Each year of a child's life brings enhanced ability to understand the reality and permanence of death. Infant and toddler siblings of a sick or dying child can feel loss through: Absence of a parent or of a sibling due to the treatment or death of the sibling Interruption to routine caused by the treatment or death of a sibling Grief and stress of their parents or other family members These tips may help manage the feelings infant or toddler siblings of a sick or dying child may have: Make time each day to hold, rock, and cuddle the sibling.
system: What can parents say if they don't want to use the words "die, dead", and "dying" with their sick child?
output: If parents cannot say these words, the palliative care team can help explain as much as the parents want their children to know.
system: What are tips to help a 6- to 9-year-old sibling cope with their feelings about a sick or dying child?
output: Tips for helping 6- to 9-year-old siblings understand their feelings about a sick or dying child: Use visual aids they can understand. Child life specialists have used marshmallows to explain tumor growth or described leukemia as a thickening of the blood. Make specific references to organs like heart and lungs. Make clear that death is not like the images in cartoons. Make clear to siblings that what happened to a brother or sister doesn't happen to everyone.
system: How might siblings of a child with a life-threatening condition react?
output: When a child is dying, many parents want the siblings to be at the child's bedside with the rest of the family. Child life specialists will help facilitate this, but they advise parents that siblings may want to leave the room quickly and return to what they were doing before. Parents should understand that this behavior is normal.
system: How do teenagers understand death?
output: Teenagers understand death with a more personal and long-term view: They may want to talk to their friends more than to their parents. They understand more on their own, so adults are validating information rather than giving it. They understand their lives in the context of others', so they will want to leave a legacy and plan for their own deaths.
system: Are there resources to start the conversation with a child about their life-threatening condition?
output: Social workers and child life specialists recommend a number of resources -- such as story and activity books -- that may help break the ice and help explain difficult concepts. Professionals also encourage parents to use children's questions as opportunities to start a conversation.
system: What are some tips to soothe and care for an infant or toddler if their sibling is sick or dying?
output: Infant and toddler siblings of a sick or dying child can feel loss through: Absence of a parent or of a sibling due to the treatment or death of the sibling Interruption to routine caused by the treatment or death of a sibling Grief and stress of their parents or other family members These tips may help manage the feelings infant or toddler siblings of a sick or dying child may have: Make time each day to hold, rock, and cuddle the sibling. Keep the child on a schedule as much as possible. Play a recording of parents reading a story or talking to the sibling in the parent's absence.
system: If your child has a life-threatening condition and you're not sure how to talk to them about it, is there a medical professional who can help you?
output: If parents cannot say these words, the palliative care team can help explain as much as the parents want their children to know.
system: How might children react sometimes to heavy conversations about their life-threatening condition?
output: Children can feel insecure during heavy or serious conversation. They may want to get back to normal as soon as possible. This may mean returning quickly to the game they were playing or the TV show they were watching. This doesn't mean the child didn't hear or understand. Parents can join the child in the activity in order to be there when questions arise.
system: How do 3- to 5-year olds understand a sick or dying sibling?
output: They may believe death is temporary or reversible. They are ego-centric and may believe the death of a sibling is punishment for something they did.
system: How do 10- to 12-year-olds understand death?
output: 10- to 12-year-olds understand the permanence of death: They know that death is final and will happen to everyone including themselves. They understand that their own death or the death of a sibling will cause sadness in others. A sick child at this age may say he has to hold on for his parents' sake. They will respond more like adults with anger, sadness, and fear. They will have increasingly more specific questions about the illness and about death.
system: Should you talk with your child about death if they have a life-threatening condition or a terminal illness?
output: If parents choose to talk to their children about their sick child's prognosis, the palliative care team can be there to help.
system: What are tips to help a 3- to 5-year-old sibling cope with their feelings about a sick or dying child?
output: Tips for helping 3- to 5-year-old siblings cope with their feelings about a sick or dying child: Use concrete language, such as "die," not euphemisms such as "sleep." At this age a child can understand " Your brother's body stopped working"; " Your sister stopped breathing." Make it clear to siblings that the death is not a consequence of something they did.
system: How do I break bad news to my children if they have a life-threatening condition?
output: Some professionals will recommend open and direct communication with children about the child's prognosis at all times. When a child has been following the progress of treatments, a parent or palliative care professional can say something similar to, " Remember the medicine we hoped would make you better? It's not doing what we hoped it would do." Although the answers to their questions may bring bad news, children do not process bad news in the same way that adults do.