laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How do you know if you have heart failure or a heart attack?
output: A lot of things go on inside you that set up your troubles, but here's the big picture. It happens when your heart doesn't pump enough blood through your body to meet its needs. Other things that play a role in heart failure are: Genetics Infections Alcohol or drug abuse Chemotherapy Long-term diseases like diabetes, HIV, hypertension, and hypothyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms All these can cause the heart to work in overdrive, weakening it over time.
system: What does heart failure feel like?
output: When they do appear, they can include things like: Shortness of breath Persistent cough or wheeze Swelling in your feet, ankles, legs, or belly Weight gain Fatigue Lack of appetite or nausea Faster heart rate Any one of these on their own may not signal heart failure, but talk to your doctor if you have more than one symptom. Less often, a heart attack is caused by a severe spasm in your coronary artery, without any signs of atherosclerosis.
system: How do you diagnose osteopenia?
output: Watch out for: A lack of calcium or vitamin D Not enough exercise, especially strength training Smoking Too much alcohol Carbonated beverages Osteopenia usually doesn't have any symptoms. This makes it hard to diagnose unless you have a bone mineral density test. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends the test if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteopenia You're a man older than 50 with risk factors You break a bone after age 50 The test is painless and fast.
system: What foods should you eat to help with osteopenia?
output: But even if you already have osteopenia, it's not too late for you to stop it from turning into osteoporosis with these strategies: Get enough calcium and vitamin D: This may be the most important thing you can do for your bones at any stage of life. You can get calcium in: Dairy products such as yogurt, cheese, and milk (go for low-fat or nonfat varieties) Spinach and broccoli Dried beans Salmon Vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium, can be found in eggs and in oily fish such as salmon and sardines. Some foods, including orange juice, cereal, and bread, have added calcium and vitamin D. It's also a good idea to spend 10 to 15 minutes in the sun twice a week because this helps your body convert sunlight to vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't think you're getting enough calcium and vitamin D, he or she may suggest that you take a supplement.
system: What is osteopenia?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Think of it as a midpoint between having healthy bones and having osteoporosis. Osteopenia is when your bones are weaker than normal but not so far gone that they break easily, which is the hallmark of osteoporosis. Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. Osteopenia -- or seeing it turn into osteoporosis for that matter -- is not inevitable. This condition happens when your body gets rid of more bone than it is creating. Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition.
system: What can you do to slow osteopenia?
output: But even if you already have osteopenia, it's not too late for you to stop it from turning into osteoporosis with these strategies: Get enough calcium and vitamin D: This may be the most important thing you can do for your bones at any stage of life. Some foods, including orange juice, cereal, and bread, have added calcium and vitamin D. It's also a good idea to spend 10 to 15 minutes in the sun twice a week because this helps your body convert sunlight to vitamin D. If your doctor doesn't think you're getting enough calcium and vitamin D, he or she may suggest that you take a supplement. Weight lifting: You can do regular, weight-bearing exercises to prevent or slow osteopenia. Lifestyle changes: If you smoke, try to quit. Cut down on carbonated drinks and alcohol.
system: Can you prevent osteopenia?
output: Problems in your diet, lack of exercise, and unhealthy habits can contribute to this condition. Watch out for: A lack of calcium or vitamin D Not enough exercise, especially strength training Smoking Too much alcohol Carbonated beverages Osteopenia usually doesn't have any symptoms. Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that's right for you.
system: Who gets osteopenia?
output: Osteopenia, if it happens at all, usually occurs after age 50. The exact age depends how strong your bones are when you're young. You're also more likely to get it if you're a woman. Calcium is the key to keeping bones healthy. Hormone changes that happen at menopause increase the chance for osteopenia for women, and men with lower testosterone levels have higher odds of getting it. People with this condition can damage their small intestine by eating foods with gluten in them.
system: When do you need an MRI for knee pain?
output: This test can help your doctor see what might be causing your symptoms. MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging. It's a type of scan that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. Unlike an X-ray, which takes pictures of your bones, a knee MRI lets your doctor see your bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and even some blood vessels. The test can show a range of problems, including: Damaged cartilage Torn tendons or ligaments Bone fractures Osteoarthritis Infections Tumors Your doctor may also order an MRI to see if you need knee surgery, or to see how well you're healing after surgery.
system: What metal items do you need to take off before you get a knee MRI?
output: You should not wear metal during the scan. It can interfere with the machine's magnetic field. Be sure to remove any items with metal before the exam, such as: Jewelry Hairpins Zippers Body piercings Watches Hearing aids Pocketknives Eyeglasses If you have metal inside your body, like from shrapnel or a medical device, be sure to tell your doctor or the technologist about it before you have the MRI.
system: Can you get a knee MRI if you're pregnant?
output: Pregnancy: Let your doctor know if there's any chance you're pregnant. While MRIs are considered safe for pregnant women, they're usually not recommended during the first trimester. Pregnant women should not get an injection of contrast dye unless it's absolutely necessary.
system: Can you get a knee MRI if you're claustrophobic?
output: But keep these concerns in mind: Claustrophobia: Tell your doctor if you have fear of tight spaces. You may need to take medicine before the test to calm your anxiety. The MRI technologist does not provide this medicine, so you'll need to mention it to your doctor beforehand.
system: What problems can be shown in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?
output: Unlike an X-ray, which takes pictures of your bones, a knee MRI lets your doctor see your bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and even some blood vessels. The test can show a range of problems, including: Damaged cartilage Torn tendons or ligaments Bone fractures Osteoarthritis Infections Tumors Your doctor may also order an MRI to see if you need knee surgery, or to see how well you're healing after surgery.
system: What should you do if you're claustrophobic and is about to take the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test?
output: It's a type of scan that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. You may still be able to get the test. But keep these concerns in mind: Claustrophobia: Tell your doctor if you have fear of tight spaces. You may need to take medicine before the test to calm your anxiety. The MRI technologist does not provide this medicine, so you'll need to mention it to your doctor beforehand.
system: What should you do if you have allergic reaction and is about to take the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test?
output: It's a type of scan that uses a magnetic field, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. It's called a contrast agent, and it helps make the images of your knee even clearer. Allergic reaction: If you get the contrast dye before the exam, there is a small risk you could have an allergic reaction. Your medical team can treat it quickly with medications, so be sure to tell the doctor or MRI technologist if you have any allergic symptoms, such as itching, a skin rash, trouble breathing, or a change in your heartbeat.
system: What is porphyria?
output: If your doctor tells you that you have porphyria, it means you have one of a group of disorders that can cause nerve or skin problems. There's no cure, but you can get treatments that will help you manage your symptoms. If you have porphyria that affects your skin, you'll hear your doctor call it a "cutaneous porphyria." When the condition causes a problem with your nervous system, it's called "acute porphyria." One common type of cutaneous porphyria, known as porphyria cutanea tarda, is sometimes passed through genes but can also be what doctors call an "acquired disease." It also offers support for caregivers.
system: What causes porphyria cutanea tarda?
output: Most types of porphyria are inherited. That means one or both of your parents passes a mutated gene to you that leads to the disease. These triggers can be things like: Drinking alcohol Estrogen use by women Hepatitis C HIV Smoking Episodes of acute porphyria, which rarely happen before puberty, can be set off by taking some kinds of drugs, including: Barbiturates Sulfa antibiotics Birth control pills Seizure medicines Other things that might trigger acute porphyria are: Fasting Smoking Drinking alcohol Infections Menstrual hormones Stress Being in the sun The symptoms of acute porphyria can develop quickly and last for days or weeks.
system: What causes porphyria?
output: No matter what kind of porphyria you have, it has the same root cause: a problem with how your body makes a substance called heme. Heme is part of the "hemoglobin" in your blood -- proteins that carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of your body. Heme has iron and gives blood its red color. It's made in your liver and bone marrow -- the spongy center of your bones. This shortage leads to a buildup of certain chemicals, called porphyrins, that help make heme. The type of porphyria you have is linked to the specific enzyme that your body lacks. Most types of porphyria are inherited.
system: How is amblyopia (lazy eye) treated?
output: If detected early, amblyopia can be reversed by first treating the underlying cause. Then, with patching and/or eye drops applied to the better eye, the weaker eye can be forced to recover useful function.
system: What causes misalignment of the eyes?
output: Simply stated, the eye doctor needs to determine how well each eye sees and why the eyes do not appear straight. Parents will be relieved to know that the eye doctor's exam can find the answers without any help from the baby! Any problems that are identified need to be addressed in order to preserve good eyesight in both eyes. Misalignment of the eyes may also be the result of the following: Birth trauma Brain injury Cerebral palsy Congenital maldevelopment Neurologic problems Refractive error - undiagnosed need for glasses in one or both eyes Hydrocephalus Strabismus The medical term for misaligned eyes is strabismus.
system: What are the symptoms of eyestrain?
output: Familiar symptoms of eyestrain include: Headache Brow-ache Eye fatigue A pulling sensation Eyestrain quickly goes away if the eyes are given a chance to rest or the refractive problem is resolved.
system: What causes secondary glaucoma?
output: Secondary glaucoma is the result of another eye disease or medical disorder, including the following: Uveitis (inflammation of the inner eye) Eye injury Bleeding inside the eye Eye tumor (extremely rare) Diabetes (neovascular glaucoma) Congenital problems An extremely mature cataract Steroid medications People with diabetes are susceptible to neovascular glaucoma, a particularly severe form of secondary glaucoma caused by an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. Congenital glaucoma is a rare problem in babies and requires surgery to preserve eyesight.
system: How common are cataracts?
output: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness, accounting for more than 20 million cases worldwide. Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgery in the U. S. with about 3 million procedures performed every year. Surgery successfully restores vision loss caused by cataract in almost every case. Once the cloudy lens is removed, the surgeon implants a transparent artificial lens to take its place.
system: Who can develop amblyopia?
output: Only infants and children develop amblyopia; and the vision loss can be reversed by various treatment strategies which force the child to use the "lazy" eye if the contributing eye problem is corrected early enough during childhood -- typically before the age of 7.
system: What is viral conjunctivitis?
output: Viral conjunctivitis usually starts in one eye, causing lots of tears and a watery discharge. The other eye follows a few days later. Like a common cold, this infection will clear up without treatment.
system: How do you know if you have eyestrain?
output: Familiar symptoms of eyestrain include: Headache Brow-ache Eye fatigue A pulling sensation Eyestrain quickly goes away if the eyes are given a chance to rest or the refractive problem is resolved.
system: How does a baby's eyesight develop?
output: As your baby grows and develops, so do his eyes. During the first few months of life, an infant does not have crisp, clear vision. Thereafter, the eye's focusing mechanisms and eye movements rapidly develop as the eye and brain develop the visual apparatus. By about the age of 6 months, both eyes should consistently work together, allowing your baby to see both near and far away targets. The infant's eyes should be aligned, both looking at the same object.
system: How else can you get a lazy eye?
output: Lazy eye can also result from other eye problems, such as: Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid). A significant refractive error in one eye. If an infant has one eye that has significantly more uncorrected nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism than the fellow eye, amblyopia can develop.
system: What does astigmatic mean?
output: Light rays entering the eye first cross the clear cornea. Surprisingly, nearly two-thirds of the eye's focusing power occurs along its front surface (tear film or cornea). The normal cornea should have a semi-spherical contour similar to a baseball. This permits the eye to create a single focused image. If the central cornea is not symmetrical or uniform we say it is "astigmatic."
system: How can you get secondary glaucoma?
output: Secondary glaucoma is the result of another eye disease or medical disorder, including the following: Uveitis (inflammation of the inner eye) Eye injury Bleeding inside the eye Eye tumor (extremely rare) Diabetes (neovascular glaucoma) Congenital problems An extremely mature cataract Steroid medications People with diabetes are susceptible to neovascular glaucoma, a particularly severe form of secondary glaucoma caused by an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels.
system: Who can be affected by color blindness?
output: You have probably seen how paint colors are mixed at the hardware store. Color vision works much the same way because visible light is a mixture of different light rays (wavelengths). Color perception problems occur much more often in men, afflicting 8% of the male population. Females tend to be the "carrier" of the trait. It is extremely rare for someone to be totally color-blind, that is, able to see only shades of gray.
system: What should I do if my baby's eyes do not work together?
output: However, in some situations the eyes do not appear to work together. One eye may tend to drift inward or outward some or all of the time. Prompt evaluation by an eye specialist is essential to determine whether any suspected drifting is due to a muscle imbalance or an internal eye problem that interferes with good eyesight.
system: How can you treat cataracts?
output: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness, accounting for more than 20 million cases worldwide. Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgery in the U. S. with about 3 million procedures performed every year. Surgery successfully restores vision loss caused by cataract in almost every case. Once the cloudy lens is removed, the surgeon implants a transparent artificial lens to take its place.
system: How does amblyopia (lazy eye) develop?
output: Amblyopia ( Lazy Eye) If strabismus happens to an adult, perhaps after a trauma to the head or after a stroke, the person is likely to experience double vision. Double vision occurs because the two eyes are looking at different images. In an infant or a child, the brain will not tolerate double images and will shutdown the vision in the weaker eye. This involuntary loss of vision is called "lazy eye" or amblyopia. Here's another way to say it: Amblyopia is a healthy eye that does not see. Only infants and children develop amblyopia; and the vision loss can be reversed by various treatment strategies which force the child to use the "lazy" eye if the contributing eye problem is corrected early enough during childhood -- typically before the age of 7. Not every case of strabismus develops amblyopia, and not all cases of amblyopia are due to strabismus. For example, an infant with a dense congenital cataract in one eye will develop "lazy eye" unless the cloudy lens is removed.
system: What are the different forms of infectious conjunctivitis?
output: There are several forms of infectious conjunctivitis: Bacterial conjunctivitis usually infects both eyes and produces a heavy discharge of pus and mucus. It is treated with antibiotic eye drops. Viral conjunctivitis usually starts in one eye, causing lots of tears and a watery discharge. The other eye follows a few days later. Like a common cold, this infection will clear up without treatment. Ophthalmia neonatorum is a rare acute form of conjunctivitis in newborn babies. The infection is acquired from the mother during delivery. It must be treated immediately by a doctor to prevent permanent eye damage or blindness. These infants may have infections elsewhere, such as in the lungs.
system: What is acute closed-angle glaucoma?
output: Closed-angle glaucoma can be either chronic and acute. Chronic is a slow progression of the disease, but it can turn into a sudden emergency. With acute, there is sudden pain and blurred vision, and you need immediate medical attention.
system: Does strabismus always cause amblyopia?
output: Not every case of strabismus develops amblyopia, and not all cases of amblyopia are due to strabismus. For example, an infant with a dense congenital cataract in one eye will develop "lazy eye" unless the cloudy lens is removed.
system: What other eye conditions lead to vision problems?
output: There are other eye conditions that respond in varying degrees to medical and surgical treatment. The most common of these eye problems include: Cataracts Conjunctivitis, or pink eye Glaucoma Crossed or out-turned eyes (strabismus) Lazy eye (amblyopia) Macular degeneration The lens of the human eye focuses light so that you can see objects clearly at various distances.
system: How can you get double vision?
output: Amblyopia ( Lazy Eye) If strabismus happens to an adult, perhaps after a trauma to the head or after a stroke, the person is likely to experience double vision. Double vision occurs because the two eyes are looking at different images.
system: How do I know if I need new glasses?
output: If you wear prescription glasses, recurring eyestrain may be an indication that you need updated glasses or a new prescription. Resting the eyes every hour helps relieve eyestrain, especially when working with computers.
system: Can amblyopia be reversed?
output: If detected early, amblyopia can be reversed by first treating the underlying cause. Then, with patching and/or eye drops applied to the better eye, the weaker eye can be forced to recover useful function.
system: How do you get rid of eyestrain?
output: Familiar symptoms of eyestrain include: Headache Brow-ache Eye fatigue A pulling sensation Eyestrain quickly goes away if the eyes are given a chance to rest or the refractive problem is resolved. Prolonged focusing can lead to eyestrain, such as working at the computer for hours.
system: How can your child get crossed eyes?
output: As your baby grows and develops, so do his eyes. During the first few months of life, an infant does not have crisp, clear vision. Thereafter, the eye's focusing mechanisms and eye movements rapidly develop as the eye and brain develop the visual apparatus. By about the age of 6 months, both eyes should consistently work together, allowing your baby to see both near and far away targets. The infant's eyes should be aligned, both looking at the same object. However, in some situations the eyes do not appear to work together. One eye may tend to drift inward or outward some or all of the time. Prompt evaluation by an eye specialist is essential to determine whether any suspected drifting is due to a muscle imbalance or an internal eye problem that interferes with good eyesight.
system: How does eyestrain occur?
output: There are many different forms of night blindness, but it may be linked to these conditions: Liver disorder Vitamin- A deficiency Inherited disease of the retina, such as retinitis pigmentosa Cataracts Eyestrain can occur simply from overusing your eyes for long periods of time. Eyestrain is discomfort that can also be due to an uncorrected refractive problem. This common vision problem may occur while you are performing distant visual activities like driving or watching a movie or during close-up tasks like reading and computer use.
system: How can you treat eyestrain?
output: Familiar symptoms of eyestrain include: Headache Brow-ache Eye fatigue A pulling sensation Eyestrain quickly goes away if the eyes are given a chance to rest or the refractive problem is resolved. Prolonged focusing can lead to eyestrain, such as working at the computer for hours. Children have a far more flexible focusing capacity. How often do you ever hear a child complain of eyestrain while playing video games? If you wear prescription glasses, recurring eyestrain may be an indication that you need updated glasses or a new prescription. Resting the eyes every hour helps relieve eyestrain, especially when working with computers.
system: How does color blindness happen?
output: Risk factors for retinal detachment include the following: Moderate or extreme nearsightedness Previous eye surgery or injury Previous retinal detachment Inherited thinness of retinal tissue Color blindness is most commonly a disorder of the retina's light-sensitive photoreceptor cells, which respond to different colored light rays. There are two kinds of photoreceptors: Cones work best in bright light Rods work best in dim light Each photoreceptor produces pigments that respond to specific colors of light. Color vision is affected if those pigments are absent or defective or if they respond to the wrong wavelengths.
system: What are common vision problems related to eye disease?
output: Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma are disorders of the functional eye and its processing units. These problems can lead to blurry or defective vision. The goals of treatment depend on the eye disease and may include restoring vision, halting vision loss, and preserving remaining eyesight.