laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the risks associated with having a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?
output: Although research has found MRM to be generally safe and effective, like all surgical procedures it can have risks. They include: Bleeding Infection Swelling of the arm Pockets of fluid forming underneath the incision (called seromas) Risks from general anesthesia Some people have numbness in the upper arm after surgery. It's caused by damage to small nerves in the area where the lymph nodes are taken out. There is a good chance that you'll regain most of the feeling in your arm over time. Lymph nodes that are removed will be sent to a lab to see whether the cancer has spread to them.
system: How effective is a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?
output: It's especially helpful for treating early-stage breast cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes. Studies show MRM is as effective as a traditional radical mastectomy, but takes much less of a toll on a woman's appearance. Because of the success with MRMs, traditional radical mastectomies are rarely done today.
system: What is the goal of modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?
output: The goal of the surgery is to remove the cancer but preserve as much of the skin and tissue as possible so that you can have breast reconstruction, if you chose.
system: What happens during a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?
output: MRM doesn't remove chest muscles like a traditional radical mastectomy does. During the procedure, the surgeon removes the breast, including the skin, breast tissue, areola, and nipple, and most of the lymph nodes under the arm. The lining over the large muscle in the chest is also removed, but the muscle itself is left in place. Following a traditional radical mastectomy, women often have a hollow in the chest. Because the chest muscle is kept in place with an MRM, this doesn't happen.
system: What happens after a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?
output: After your surgery, you'll stay in the hospital for one or two nights. Thin plastic tubes will be placed in your breast area and attached to small suction devices to drain any fluid. You'll need to keep these drains in for up to 3 weeks. The hospital staff will show you how to care for them until your follow-up visit with the doctor. Your doctor will prescribe medication for any pain you feel after surgery. After a week or two, you can usually treat your discomfort with over-the-counter pain relievers. There's a good chance that you'll feel tired after your surgery. Try to take a break and rest during the 2 weeks following your surgery.
system: What is a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)?
output: The goal of the surgery is to remove the cancer but preserve as much of the skin and tissue as possible so that you can have breast reconstruction, if you chose. Keep in mind, not all women can have a modified radical mastectomy, and there are many surgical options for breast cancer.
system: What should I expect from a chigger bite?
output: Once chiggers latch on to your pants or shirt, they crawl around until they find a patch of skin. There, they use sharp, jaw-like claws to make tiny holes. Next, they inject saliva that turns some of your cells into mush.
system: Why do chiggers bite?
output: To a chigger, those liquefied cells are food. When they get on you, they can stay attached to your skin for several days while they eat.
system: Where can chigger bites happen on my body?
output: Chigger bites can happen anywhere on your body, but they often show up in clusters around the waist or lower legs. You may not notice anything wrong at first, but in a few hours you'll start to itch. The itching usually lasts for several days and can sometimes keep you awake at night. You may also notice that your skin turns red and has bumps, blisters, or a hive-like rash that may take a week or two to heal.
system: Where do chiggers live?
output: $('.ua_type_mobile .article table').css('width','100%'); You can travel across the globe, but you can't escape these pests. Chiggers live in every country. Their favorite spots are moist, grassy areas like fields, forests, and even your lawn. You can also find them near lakes and streams.
system: Do chigger bites get better on their own?
output: But if yours are still bothering you after a few days, see your doctor. In rare cases, you may need steroid shots to calm itching and swelling. Your doctor may also ask you to take antibiotics if your bites become infected.
system: Can I get diseases from chigger bites?
output: Chiggers don't spread diseases but scratching could break the skin and lead to irritation or an infection.
system: When are chigger bites most common?
output: In the U. S., chigger bites are most common in the late spring, summer, and early fall. The bugs are active when the ground temperature is between 77 and 86 degrees F, and they die when it gets colder than 42.
system: What should I do if I get chigger bites?
output: If you think you've been around some chiggers, give yourself a full body check. You may be able to see tiny red dots, either moving very quickly or attached to your skin. Your first step: Take a bath or shower and scrub your skin with soap and water. This washes off any chiggers that are still on you. Using hot water, wash your clothes and any blankets or towels that touched the ground to kill any bugs that are still hanging on. Then treat your bites with an over-the-counter anti-itch cream or ointment, like menthol, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone. You can also get relief if you take antihistamine pills or use a cold compress.
system: What is the life cycle of a chigger?
output: Adult chiggers don't bite. It's the babies, called larvae, that you have to watch out for. They're red, orange, yellow, or straw-colored, and no more than 0.3 millimeters long. After they hatch from eggs, the babies don't fly and don't travel very far on their own. They tend to stay clumped together in large groups on leaves and grass, usually less than a foot off the ground, and attach to animals or people as they pass by.
system: What should I know about chigger bites?
output: You might be out for a stroll in the park with your kids. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } They're called chiggers -- bugs so small you need a magnifying glass to spot them. They aren't dangerous, but their bites can leave you with a powerful urge to scratch. Don't let them get the best of you! Learn how to soothe your irritated skin and find out how to prevent bites the next time you go outside.
system: What are chiggers?
output: Scientists call these creatures "trombiculid mites." Technically, these critters aren't insects. They're "arachnids," in the same family as spiders and ticks.
system: How can I prevent chigger bites?
output: You may also notice that your skin turns red and has bumps, blisters, or a hive-like rash that may take a week or two to heal. Some studies show that natural sprays may help keep chiggers away. Try ones that have oils made from citronella, tea tree, jojoba, geranium, or lemon grass. And of course, don't make yourself an easy target for a hungry chigger. Wear long sleeves and long pants, with your pant legs tucked into long socks. These simple tips lower your odds of getting chigger bites. Then you can enjoy the great outdoors -- itch-free!
system: How can chigger bites affect men?
output: It causes swelling, itching, and trouble peeing. This can last for a few days to a few weeks. You can also get relief if you take antihistamine pills or use a cold compress.
system: What is choroiditis?
output: Choroiditis: A form of uveitis, or inflammation of the uvea, the eye's middle layer. It causes the layer beneath your retina to become inflamed.
system: What is presbyopia?
output: Presbyopia: When your eye can no longer change focus to see objects close up. It isn't a disease, but a part of the eye's natural aging process. It affects everyone at some point in life. It usually shows up around age 40 to 45.
system: What is macular edema?
output: Macular edema : A swelling of the macula that makes it hard to see. It usually results from injury or disease.
system: What is the retina?
output: Retina: The thin layer of nerves that lines the back of your eye. It senses light and signals your optic nerve and brain to create images.
system: What is the iris?
output: Iris: The colored membrane around your pupil. It expands and contracts to control the amount of light that gets into your eye.
system: What is achromatopsia?
output: Achromatopsia: A lack of certain receptors in your retinas. Your vision won't be sharp, and you could be nearly or completely colorblind. It's an inherited condition.
system: What is a vitrectomy?
output: Vitrectomy: In this surgical procedure, the vitreous humor is removed from your eyeball and replaced with a clear salt solution or temporarily with a gas bubble. It can help when scars or blood in your vitreous blocks your vision.
system: What is the definition of legal blindness?
output: Legal blindness: When your vision, in both eyes, can't be corrected to better than 20/200. Or when you have a visual field of 20 degrees or less. ( Your eye doctor may call this tunnel vision.)
system: What is astigmatism?
output: Astigmatism : When your cornea is shaped more like a football than a basketball. It causes blurry vision. You can fix it with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
system: What is the definition of ocular?
output: Ocular: Of or related to your eye.
system: What is the pupil?
output: Pupil: The round, dark central opening in your eye. This is where light comes in.
system: What is photocoagulation?
output: Photocoagulation: A type of laser surgery used to stop bleeding or repair damaged tissue. It's most often used to treat retinal conditions like complications from diabetes. It also helps treat eye tumors.
system: What is the vitreous humor?
output: Vitreous humor: The clear gel-like substance in the center of your eyeball.
system: What is the definition of visual acuity?
output: Visual acuity: How well you see as measured on an eye chart.
system: What is an ophthalmoscope?
output: Ophthalmoscope: An instrument that examines your retina. There are two types: Direct: Examines the center of your retina Indirect: Checks your entire retina Optic nerve: It carries light signals from your retina to your brain, which turns them into images.
system: What is enucleation?
output: Enucleation: When your eye is surgically removed.
system: What is the definition of visual field?
output: Visual field: Your entire range of sight, including peripheral vision.
system: What is legal blindness?
output: Legal blindness: When your vision, in both eyes, can't be corrected to better than 20/200. Or when you have a visual field of 20 degrees or less. ( Your eye doctor may call this tunnel vision.)
system: What is the definition of ophthalmoscope?
output: Ophthalmoscope: An instrument that examines your retina. There are two types: Direct: Examines the center of your retina Indirect: Checks your entire retina Optic nerve: It carries light signals from your retina to your brain, which turns them into images.
system: What is your visual field?
output: Visual field: Your entire range of sight, including peripheral vision.
system: What are beta-blockers?
output: Beta-blocker s: Medicated eye drops that treat glaucoma. They cause your eye to makes less aqueous humor, and that lowers pressure inside it.
system: What is strabismus?
output: Strabismus: When your eyes aren't aligned and can't point in the same direction at the same time. Crossed eyes is one type of strabismus.
system: What is pinkeye?
output: Pinkeye: See conjunctivitis.
system: What is the definition of intraocular?
output: Intraocular: Of or related to the inside of your eye.
system: What is the definition of amblyopia?
output: Amblyopia: A condition also known as "lazy eye" that starts in childhood. Because one or the other eye is not used all the time to provide a sharp image, vision doesn't develop the way it should in that eye. If it isn't treated, one eye will always be weaker.
system: What is hyperopia?
output: Hyperopia: When it's hard to see objects up close, but things farther away are clearer. The common name for this is farsightedness.
system: What is the KAMRA inlay?
output: Cornea: The clear front outer layer of your eye. When it's healthy, you'll have clear, sharp vision.
system: How is surgery used to treat pancreatic cancer?
output: Pancreatic cancer is very hard to control. But if it is caught early and the cancer hasn't spread beyond the pancreas, it can be treated with surgery. This offers the best outcome for pancreatic cancer. The surgery is called a " Whipple procedure," or pancreaticoduodenectomy, and is named after Dr. George Hoyt Whipple, the surgeon who pioneered it. If possible, the surgeon removes the malignant tumor, leaving as much of the normal pancreas as possible to allow continued pancreatic function. Less often, the entire pancreas must be removed. If a patient undergoes a total pancreatectomy, a lifelong regimen of replacement enzymes and hormones, including insulin, must be administered.
system: What are other treatments for pancreatic cancer?
output: These treatments may also be given before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it possible for surgery to be performed or used as a means of relieving symptoms, such as pain. Prescription medications, usually narcotics, are given to help manage pain associated with advanced pancreatic cancer.
system: Can pancreatic cancer be treated if it hasn't spread beyond the pancreas?
output: Pancreatic cancer is very hard to control. But if it is caught early and the cancer hasn't spread beyond the pancreas, it can be treated with surgery. This offers the best outcome for pancreatic cancer. The surgery is called a " Whipple procedure," or pancreaticoduodenectomy, and is named after Dr. George Hoyt Whipple, the surgeon who pioneered it. If possible, the surgeon removes the malignant tumor, leaving as much of the normal pancreas as possible to allow continued pancreatic function. Less often, the entire pancreas must be removed. If a patient undergoes a total pancreatectomy, a lifelong regimen of replacement enzymes and hormones, including insulin, must be administered.
system: How can I prevent pancreatic cancer?
output: Pancreatic cancer is not easily prevented, but you can take measures to reduce your risk. If you work around certain chemicals, dyes, or pesticides that are known to increase the risk for pancreatic cancer, take precautions to avoid unnecessary exposure to both materials and fumes. Cigarette smoking doubles the risk of pancreatic cancer when compared to non-smokers.
system: What is endoscopic ultrasonography for pancreatic cancer?
output: Endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS) uses an ultrasound device connected to the end of a small flexible tube that is inserted into the mouth and is about 85% to 90% accurate in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.
system: Is there any point to treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer?
output: Thus the disease is often diagnosed after it has advanced and spread. However, even at later stages, treatment can improve quality of life by controlling uncomfortable symptoms and complications of the disease.
system: Can a biopsy be used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?
output: A tissue sample for biopsy can also be extracted through the scope. If a biopsy confirms cancer, further tests are done to determine how far the disease has advanced.
system: What imaging tests are used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?
output: These treatments may also be given before surgery to shrink the tumor and make it possible for surgery to be performed or used as a means of relieving symptoms, such as pain.
system: How can the timing of diagnosing pancreatic cancer affect the outcome?
output: Unfortunately, pancreatic cancers have subtle, and vague symptoms. Thus the disease is often diagnosed after it has advanced and spread. However, even at later stages, treatment can improve quality of life by controlling uncomfortable symptoms and complications of the disease.
system: What causes plantar warts?
output: Plantar warts, like all warts, are caused by a virus that invades the skin through tiny cuts or scrapes. The warts may not appear for weeks or months after the initial exposure. Because most people build immunity to the virus with age, plantar warts are more common in children than in adults. They also are common in people who have weak immune systems, such as those with HIV/ AIDS and taking corticosteroid or immunosupressive medication.
system: What are symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?
output: What you experience depends on the severity of the condition: Stiffness and pain in the lower back, buttocks, and hips upon waking in the morning or after a period of inactivity Back pain relieved by movement and exercise Difficulty bending the spine Pain in the hips and difficulty walking Pain in the heels and soles of the feet Pain in the jaw, the temporomandibular joint ( TMJ) Bent-over posture Straightening of the normal curvature of the spine Loss of appetite, weight loss Fatigue, decreased energy Eye swelling, redness, and pain Sensitivity to light Difficulty taking a deep breath (because expanding the chest is difficult and painful) Heart failure Heart block (problems with the flow of the electrical impulses that control your heart muscle) Bowel inflammation like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis You develop symptoms such as persistent lower-back pain, especially if it is stiff in the morning but improves with movement and exercise You have redness or swelling in the eye, or are abnormally sensitive to light; you could have iritis, a condition commonly associated with ankylosing spondylitis.
system: What is the Beta phase of Focus T25?
output: For another 5 weeks, you switch to the more challenging Beta phase, which includes another set of five 25-minute workouts: Core cardio Speed 2.0 Rip't circuit Dynamic core Upper focus In each video, Shaun focuses on one area at a time -- upper body, lower body, cardio -- for about a minute each until you fatigue the body part. Then you move on to another area.
system: Which areas of the body are targeted by Focus T25?
output: The cardio segments burn fat throughout the body and include some core exercises. Although many of the routines in the Alpha phase of the workout are lower-body focused, you do get an arm workout from exercises like burpees and planks, where you have to support your full body weight on your hands. Legs: Yes. Lunges, deadlifts, and squats all work those back-end muscles. The Ab Intervals DVD in the Alpha phase includes exercises for the back. The Upper Focus DVD in the Beta phase works the back, too.
system: How should I pick my doctor for colorectal cancer treatment?
output: Choosing a doctor for your treatment is a big decision. Ask your primary care doc or someone else you trust to recommend some. You can then ask which hospitals they work in and if they take your insurance. Try to talk with your top choices in person or on the phone to make sure you feel comfortable with them. Most importantly, check that they, and their treatment center, have experience with your type of cancer.
system: Where can I find a support group for people with colorectal cancer?
output: Look for one through your hospital, or connect with other people who have colorectal cancer through an online group like the American Cancer Society's Cancer Survivors Network. All support groups are different. You might have to try a few before you find one you click with.
system: What is the role of hiatal hernia in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Some doctors believe a hiatal hernia may weaken the LES and increase the risk for gastroesophageal reflux. Hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach moves up into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm (diaphragmatic hiatus). The diaphragm is the muscle separating the abdomen from the chest. Recent studies show that the opening in the diaphragm helps support the lower end of the esophagus. Many people with a hiatal hernia will not have problems with heartburn or reflux. But having a hiatal hernia may allow stomach contents to reflux more easily into the esophagus. Coughing, vomiting, straining, or sudden physical exertion can cause increased pressure in the abdomen resulting in hiatal hernia. Obesity and pregnancy also contribute to this condition. Many otherwise healthy people age 50 and over have a small hiatal hernia. Although considered a condition of middle age, hiatal hernias affect people of all ages. Hiatal hernias usually do not require treatment. However, treatment may be necessary if the hernia is in danger of becoming strangulated (twisted in a way that cuts off blood supply) or is complicated by severe GERD or esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus). The doctor may perform surgery to reduce the size of the hernia or to prevent strangulation.
system: How is an endoscopy used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Endoscopy is an important procedure for individuals with chronic GERD. By placing a small lighted tube with a tiny video camera on the end (endoscope) into the esophagus, the doctor may see inflammation or irritation of the tissue lining the esophagus (esophagitis). If the findings of the endoscopy are abnormal or questionable, biopsy (removing a small sample of tissue) from the lining of the esophagus may be helpful.
system: What are the symptoms of heartburn related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Heartburn, also called acid indigestion, is the most common symptom of GERD and usually feels like a burning chest pain beginning behind the breastbone and moving upward to the neck and throat. Many people say it feels like food is coming back into the mouth leaving an acid or bitter taste. The burning, pressure, or pain of heartburn can last as long as 2 hours and is often worse after eating. Lying down or bending over can also result in heartburn. Many people obtain relief by standing upright or by taking an antacid that clears acid out of the esophagus. Heartburn pain is sometimes mistaken for the pain associated with heart disease or a heart attack, but there are differences. Exercise may aggravate pain resulting from heart disease, and rest may relieve the pain. Heartburn pain is less likely to be associated with physical activity.
system: How can cigarette smoking affect gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Cigarette smoking weakens the LES. Stopping smoking is important to reduce GERD symptoms.
system: What if heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms persist?
output: People with severe, chronic esophageal reflux or with symptoms not relieved by the treatments described above may need more complete diagnostic evaluation. Doctors use a variety of tests and procedures to examine a patient with chronic heartburn.
system: What is the treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Doctors recommend lifestyle and dietary changes for most people needing treatment for GERD. Treatment aims at decreasing the amount of reflux or reducing damage to the lining of the esophagus from refluxed materials.
system: Does gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) require surgery?
output: A small number of people with GERD may need surgery because of severe reflux and poor response to medical treatment. However, surgery should not be considered until all other measures have been tried. Fundoplication is a surgical procedure that increases pressure in the lower esophagus. The doctor can perform it through a laparoscope (small holes through the belly) or through open surgery. The Stretta procedure is minimally invasive. The doctors goes down the esophagus with a small tube and uses radiofrequency to tighten the barrier between the esophagus and stomach. With LINX surgery, your doctor wraps a band of titanium beads around the lower part of the esophagus to prevent stomach acids from splashing back up into the esophagus. Your doctor performs this procedure using a laparoscope.