laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How is laparoscopic surgery for digestive problems performed?
output: Laparoscopic surgery can be used to treat complications of conditions including: Crohn's disease Colorectal cancer Diverticulitis Familial polyposis, a condition causing multiple colon polyps that puts you at higher risk of colorectal cancer Bowel incontinence Rectal prolapse, a protrusion of the rectum through the anus Ulcerative colitis Colon polyps that are too large to remove by colonoscopy Chronic severe constipation that is not successfully treated with medication For laparoscopic surgery, three or more small (5-10 mm) incisions are made in the abdomen to allow access ports to be inserted. The laparoscope and surgical instruments are inserted through these ports. The surgeon then uses the laparoscope, which transmits a picture of the abdominal organs on a video monitor, allowing the operation to be performed.
system: What happens the day of laparoscopic surgery?
output: Your surgeon will place a small port just below your bellybutton and advance the port into your abdominal cavity. This port is connected to sterile tubing and carbon dioxide is passed into the abdominal cavity through the tubing. The gas lifts the wall of your abdomen away from the organs below. This space will give your surgeon a better view of your abdominal cavity once the laparoscope is in place. The laparoscope is placed through the port and is connected to a video camera. The image your surgeon sees on the laparoscope is projected onto video monitors placed near the operating table. Before starting the surgery, your surgeon will take a thorough look at your abdominal cavity to make sure that laparoscopy will be safe for you. Some reasons why laparoscopy may not be done include multiple adhesions (scar tissue from previous surgery), infection, or other abdominal diseases.
system: How does laparoscopic surgery perform a right colectomy or ileocolectomy?
output: During a right colectomy, the right side of the colon is removed. During an ileocolectomy, the last segment of the small intestine, which is attached to the right side of the colon, called the ileum, is also removed. This surgery is used to remove cancers, noncancerous growths or polyps, and inflammation from Crohn's disease.
system: How does laparoscopic surgery perform a fecal diversion?
output: Surgical creation of either a temporary or permanent ileostomy (opening between the surface of the skin and the small intestine) or colostomy (opening between the surface of the skin and the colon). The surgery treats complex rectal and anal problems, including poor bowel control.
system: What does a laparoscopic surgery require?
output: The procedure occasionally requires the creation of a temporary or permanent stoma, an opening of part of the intestine to the outside surface of the abdomen. The stoma acts as an artificial passageway through which stool (feces) can pass from the intestine to outside the body where it collects in an external pouch, which is attached to the stoma and must be worn at all times. Most of the time, the surgeon will reconnect the two ends of intestines at a later date. The intestine can be rejoined in a number of ways. One method uses a stapling device that positions staples to join the ends of the intestine. Or, the surgeon may pull the intestinal ends up through one of the small incisions and stitch (suture) the ends together. Your surgeon will choose the best method at the time of your surgery. Finally, your surgeon will check that there is no bleeding, rinse out the abdominal cavity, release the gas from the abdomen, and close the small incisions.
system: How long do you have to stay in the hospital after a laparoscopic surgery?
output: Finally, you will meet with an anesthesiologist, who will discuss the type of pain medication (anesthesia) you will be given for surgery, and you will learn about pain control after the operation. The more you move the less chance for complications such as pneumonia or the formation of blood clots in your leg veins. The length of your hospital stay will depend on the type of procedure you have and how quickly you recover. For example, the average hospital stay for a laparoscopic rectopexy ranges from one to two days and for a laparoscopic bowel resection, two to three days.
system: What is the recovery time for laparoscopic surgery?
output: You will be encouraged to get out of bed and walk, starting the first day after the operation. The more you move the less chance for complications such as pneumonia or the formation of blood clots in your leg veins. If you are fit and did regular exercise before the operation, you may be permitted to resume exercising when you feel comfortable. There are only two things you are not permitted to do for six weeks after this kind of operation: lift or push anything over 30 pounds or do abdominal exercises such as sit-ups.
system: What liquids should you avoid to keep your teeth white?
output: Avoid the consumption of or exposure to products that stain your teeth, such as coffee, tea, and red wine. If you do choose to consume beverages that stain, consider using a straw so that the liquid bypasses your front teeth.
system: How should you take care of your teeth to keep them white?
output: Brush your teeth at least twice daily, floss at least once daily to remove plaque, and rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash at least once a day to kill bacteria that cause plaque. Use a whitening toothpaste (once or twice a week only) to remove surface stains and prevent yellowing. Use a regular toothpaste the rest of the time.
system: How often might you need a touch-up treatment to keep your teeth white?
output: If you smoke or drink lots of stain-causing beverages, you may need a touch up more often.
system: How can you help your child cool off when he or she is dehydrated?
output: If your child has been in the sun or heat, get into a cool place. Dress your child in cool, lightweight clothing. This will also help if he has a fever.
system: When should you call 911 about dehydration in your child?
output: Is less than 1 month old Has extreme lethargy Has skin that doesn't bounce back when pinched Is breathing fast Is confused Dehydration is a risk in babies and toddlers, especially if they have vomiting, diarrhea, or fever.
system: How can you give your child fluids when he or she is dehydrated?
output: If your infant is breastfeeding, continue to nurse your baby. Let him nurse more often. Your pediatrician may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor. Give toddlers about 1 tablespoon of oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, water, ice pops, or clear broth every 15 minutes.
system: How can I manage my psoriasis?
output: It's closely linked with a hard-to-treat type called pustular psoriasis, which affects the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet.
system: Should I learn as much as I can about psoriasis?
output: If you also have relatives with the disease, you're nine times more likely to get it.
system: Do psoriasis symptoms change over time?
output: They control things like your eye and hair color, if you can taste certain things, and other ways your body works. During pregnancy, your symptoms may get better or even go away.
system: Will psoriasis affect my social confidence?
output: They control things like your eye and hair color, if you can taste certain things, and other ways your body works. If you also have relatives with the disease, you're nine times more likely to get it. Keep your skin moist, and try a humidifier at home.
system: How does psoriasis affect the immune system?
output: Psoriasis turns your skin cells into type A overachievers: They grow about five times faster than normal skin cells. There's more going on under the surface of this skin disease. If you also have relatives with the disease, you're nine times more likely to get it. It's closely linked with a hard-to-treat type called pustular psoriasis, which affects the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet.
system: What should you do if you think you have erectile dysfunction?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } If you think you have ED, a good first step is to talk with your doctor. The treatment you need will depend on what's causing it. You may find that simple lifestyle changes will help, like losing weight, drinking less alcohol, or quitting smoking. If a medication is causing your ED, your doctor may lower your dose or try a different drug altogether.
system: How can exposure to sunlight lead to vitamin D deficiency?
output: Because the body makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to sunlight, you may be at risk of deficiency if you are homebound, live in northern latitudes, wear long robes or head coverings for religious reasons, or have an occupation that prevents sun exposure.
system: How important is vitamin D?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Vitamin D is essential for strong bones, because it helps the body use calcium from the diet. Traditionally, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with rickets, a disease in which the bone tissue doesn't properly mineralize, leading to soft bones and skeletal deformities. But increasingly, research is revealing the importance of vitamin D in protecting against a host of health problems.
system: What are the symptoms and health risks of vitamin D deficiency?
output: Symptoms of bone pain and muscle weakness can mean you have a vitamin D deficiency. However, for many people, the symptoms are subtle. Yet, even without symptoms, too little vitamin D can pose health risks. Low blood levels of the vitamin have been associated with the following: Increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease Cognitive impairment in older adults Severe asthma in children Cancer Research suggests that vitamin D could play a role in the prevention and treatment of a number of different conditions, including type1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and multiple sclerosis.
system: How is vitamin D deficiency diagnosed?
output: People with a body mass index of 30 or greater often have low blood levels of vitamin D. The most accurate way to measure how much vitamin D is in your body is the 25-hydroxy vitamin D blood test. A level of 20 nanograms/milliliter to 50 ng/m L is considered adequate for healthy people. A level less than 12 ng/m L indicates vitamin D deficiency.
system: How can dark skin lead to vitamin D deficiency?
output: The pigment melanin reduces the skin's ability to make vitamin D in response to sunlight exposure. Some studies show that older adults with darker skin are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency.
system: How can my digestive tract cause vitamin D deficiency?
output: Your digestive tract cannot adequately absorb vitamin D. Certain medical problems, including Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease, can affect your intestine's ability to absorb vitamin D from the food you eat.
system: How can my kidneys cause vitamin D deficiency?
output: As people age, their kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form, thus increasing their risk of vitamin D deficiency.
system: How can obesity lead to vitamin D deficiency?
output: Vitamin D is extracted from the blood by fat cells, altering its release into the circulation. People with a body mass index of 30 or greater often have low blood levels of vitamin D. The most accurate way to measure how much vitamin D is in your body is the 25-hydroxy vitamin D blood test.
system: What can lead to vitamin D deficiency?
output: Vitamin D deficiency can occur for a number of reasons: You don't consume the recommended levels of the vitamin over time. This is likely if you follow a strict vegan diet, because most of the natural sources are animal-based, including fish and fish oils, egg yolks, fortified milk, and beef liver.
system: Where can you get vitamin D?
output: Known as the sunshine vitamin, vitamin D is produced by the body in response to skin being exposed to sunlight. It is also occurs naturally in a few foods -- including some fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolks -- and in fortified dairy and grain products. Because the body makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to sunlight, you may be at risk of deficiency if you are homebound, live in northern latitudes, wear long robes or head coverings for religious reasons, or have an occupation that prevents sun exposure.
system: How is vitamin D deficiency treated?
output: A level of 20 nanograms/milliliter to 50 ng/m L is considered adequate for healthy people. Guidelines from the Institute of Medicine increased the recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) of vitamin D to 600 international units ( IU) for everyone ages 1-70, and raised it to 800 IU for adults older than age 70 to optimize bone health. The safe upper limit was also raised to 4,000 IU. Doctors may prescribe more than 4,000 IU to correct a vitamin D deficiency. If you don't spend much time in the sun or always are careful to cover your skin (sunscreen inhibits vitamin D production), you should speak to your doctor about taking a vitamin D supplement, particularly if you have risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.
system: Can compression stockings affect how you perform?
output: Studies show the gear has little to no effect on athletic performance, but some people swear by it. Maybe thinking they have an edge gives them one. The evidence for faster recovery is better, but not enough to make a difference for weekend warriors.
system: What do compression stockings do?
output: People with or at risk for circulation problems, like DVT, varicose veins, or diabetes People who've just gotten surgery Those who can't leave their bed or have a hard time moving their legs People who stand all day at work Athletes Pregnant women People who spend long stretches of time on airplanes, like pilots The pressure these stockings put on your legs helps your blood vessels work better. The arteries that take oxygen-rich blood to your muscles can relax, so blood flows freely. The veins get a boost pushing blood back to your heart. Compression stockings can keep your legs from getting tired and achy. They can also ease swelling in your feet and ankles as well as help prevent and treat spider and varicose veins. They may even stop you from feeling light-headed or dizzy when you stand up. Because the blood keeps moving, it's harder for it to pool in your veins and make a clot. If one forms and breaks free, it can travel with your blood and get stuck somewhere dangerous, like your lungs. Clots also make it harder for blood to flow around them, and that can cause swelling, discolored skin, and other problems.
system: What are compression stockings?
output: Graduated compression or pressure stockings are tighter around your ankle and get looser as they move up your leg. Compression sleeves are just the tube part, without the foot.
system: How can you decide which compression stocking works best for you?
output: They come in different sizes and strengths, so you or your doctor will need to decide which option will work best.
system: Who uses compression stockings?
output: People with or at risk for circulation problems, like DVT, varicose veins, or diabetes People who've just gotten surgery Those who can't leave their bed or have a hard time moving their legs People who stand all day at work Athletes Pregnant women People who spend long stretches of time on airplanes, like pilots The pressure these stockings put on your legs helps your blood vessels work better.
system: Where can you buy compression stockings?
output: You can buy them over the counter, but if your doctor prescribes them, your insurance may cover the cost. You can buy them at medical supply companies, online, and in many drug stores. They can cost from around $10 to as much as $100 per pair, depending on what kind you get.
system: Why do people wear compression stockings?
output: They can lessen pain and swelling in your legs. They can also lower your chances of getting deep vein thrombosis ( DVT), a kind of blood clot, and other circulation problems. The theory is that, during activity, better blood flow will help get oxygen to their muscles, and the support will help prevent tissue damage. It could cause blood flow problems or cut off your circulation like a tourniquet.
system: How can you wear compression stockings?
output: They can cost from around $10 to as much as $100 per pair, depending on what kind you get. The theory is that, during activity, better blood flow will help get oxygen to their muscles, and the support will help prevent tissue damage. You can wear socks, slippers, and shoes over compression stockings.
system: How do you wear compression stockings?
output: Some athletes, including runners, basketball players, and triathletes, wear compression socks and sleeves on their legs and arms. Make sure they aren't too long. Don't fold or roll the tops down, because that can make them too tight. It could cause blood flow problems or cut off your circulation like a tourniquet. If your doctor told you to wear them, you'll probably want to keep them on most of the time. Check with your doctor about how often and how long you need to use them.
system: What does the Atkins 40 involve?
output: A newer version of Atkins, called Atkins 40, has more relaxed rules and allows you to start with 40 grams of carbs in the daily diet. It doesn't exclude any food groups at first, as Atkins 20 does. There are limits to the amount of butter or fats that you should eat, but no strict guidelines for meats or other proteins.
system: How compatible is the Atkins diet with a gluten-free diet?
output: Vegetarians get protein from: Eggs Cheese Soy Nuts Seeds Legumes High-protein grains like quinoa Vegans get protein from: Legumes Soy Nuts Seeds High-protein grains like quinoa Gluten-free diet: It's easy to stick to that eating plan when you're on Atkins. Foods with gluten are high in carbs. People on Atkins eat less gluten than people who eat the standard American diet.
system: How compatible is the Atkins diet with a low-salt diet?
output: Low-salt diet: There's no need to add salt to any recipes for Atkins. Stay away from canned and packaged foods as much as you can, because they often have added sugars and other carbs, bad-for-you fats â¦ and salt.
system: How compatible is the Atkins diet for vegetarians and vegans?
output: Vegetarians and vegans: Atkins doesn't require you to eat meat. Also, you'll have to skip the first phase of Atkins 20, which limits carbs too much.
system: Where can you get support for the Atkins diet?
output: Support: You can follow Atkins by reading a book, but if you want extra support, the Atkins website has support groups and chat rooms, where you can talk to others who are losing weight the same way you are. There are also free recipes, meal trackers, and apps to make it simple to count carbs, plan meals, and shop.
system: Which foods can vegans get protein from in the Atkins diet?
output: Vegetarians get protein from: Eggs Cheese Soy Nuts Seeds Legumes High-protein grains like quinoa Vegans get protein from: Legumes Soy Nuts Seeds High-protein grains like quinoa Gluten-free diet: It's easy to stick to that eating plan when you're on Atkins.
system: What are the phases of the Atkins diet?
output: You'll have to learn how to limit your carbs, but you'll enjoy plenty of tasty options instead. Phase 3. Go to this level when you have about 10 pounds left to lose. You'll learn how to maintain weight loss and lose the last few pounds. You'll follow this for the rest of your life, to ensure that you don't gain back what you've lost. Limitations: You'll have to cut out white flour, sugar, and other common carbs at first, and eat carbs only in vegetable form.
system: How can I prevent a hip fracture?
output: A hip fracture is a break in the top quarter of the thighbone, which is also called the femur. The best way is to make sure your bones stay strong and healthy. To that end, your doctor might recommend one or more of the following: Calcium supplements Vitamin D supplements Drugs called bisphosphonates â these prevent the loss of bone mass Calcitonin, a hormone that maintains calcium levels in your bones Regular physical activity Giving up tobacco and alcohol Your doctor may also recommend you take drugs that increase the activity of the hormone estrogen and improve bone density. These are called selective estrogen receptor modulators.
system: What are symptoms of a hip fracture?
output: A hip fracture is a break in the top quarter of the thighbone, which is also called the femur. You'll probably have a lot of pain in your hip or groin. Your skin around the injury may also swell, get red or bruise. They might just complain of vague pain in their hips, butt, thighs, groin or back. If your doctor thinks you've got a broken hip, he'll ask questions about any recent injuries or falls. The ink travels through your blood into your bones, where it can reveal fractures. To that end, your doctor might recommend one or more of the following: Calcium supplements Vitamin D supplements Drugs called bisphosphonates â these prevent the loss of bone mass Calcitonin, a hormone that maintains calcium levels in your bones Regular physical activity Giving up tobacco and alcohol Your doctor may also recommend you take drugs that increase the activity of the hormone estrogen and improve bone density.
system: How is a hip fracture treated?
output: A hip fracture is a break in the top quarter of the thighbone, which is also called the femur. You'll probably have a lot of pain in your hip or groin. What type depends on the kind of fracture you have, your age, and your overall health.
system: How is prosthetic device fitted?
output: They include: The location and level of the amputation The condition of the remaining limb Your activity level, particularly for a prosthetic leg or foot Your specific goals and needs Prostheses are designed and fitted by a specialist called a prosthetist. The fitting process may begin in the hospital shortly after amputation after the swelling has gone and down and the incision is healed. It involves: Measuring the stump and the healthy opposite limb Making a plaster mold Fashioning the socket Attaching the shaft Aligning the prosthesis Depending on your comfort and how well your wound is healing, you may begin to practice with your artificial limb as early as a few weeks after surgery.
system: How do arm and hand prosthetic devices work?
output: Arm and hand. The oldest and most commonly used prosthetic arm is operated with the body's own movements and a harness that extends in a figure eight across the back and under the opposite arm. Others use a rechargeable battery to run small motors in the prosthetic hand or hook. The battery improves grip strength.
system: What is a prosthetic device?
output: When an arm or other extremity is amputated or lost, a prosthetic device, or prosthesis, can play an important role in rehabilitation. For many people, an artificial limb can improve mobility and the ability to manage daily activities, as well as provide the means to stay independent.
system: What parts does a prosthetic device have?
output: There is a wide variety of prostheses that are designed to function -- and in many cases look -- like a natural arm, leg, hand, or foot. Although there are many different designs, most have similar parts. These include: A socket into which the stump of the amputated limb fits The suspension, which holds the prosthesis onto the stump The shaft The foot, hand, or hook A covering for cosmetic appearances The socket is often lined with foam or silicone to protect the stump.