laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are potential complications from a fine needle aspiration?
output: Complications are infrequent. Minor bleeding under the skin at the biopsy site can occur. This can result in a tender, swollen area called a hematoma. Infection at the biopsy site is rare, because sterile techniques and equipment are used for all fine needle aspirations. The risk of complications from fine needle aspiration during endoscopy is slightly higher. But it is still quite low for most people.
system: What should I expect after fine needle aspiration?
output: If you will be getting sedating medication, be sure to bring someone with you to drive you home. At the biopsy site, you may have some: swelling soreness pain In most people, over-the-counter pain medicines are enough to decrease discomfort.
system: What can I do at home to treat food poisoning?
output: Diarrhea and vomiting can really throw off your body's balance of fluids and electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals, such as sodium and potassium, that help with everything from keeping your heartbeat normal to controlling how much water is in your body. So your main job is to drink plenty of fluids. Start with ice chips or small sips if you need to.
system: What should you do to treat diarrhea from food poisoning?
output: It's also helpful to: Avoid food for the first few hours as your stomach settles down Drink water, broth, or an electrolyte solution, which will replace the minerals that you lose with vomiting and diarrhea Eat when you feel ready, but start with small amounts of bland, nonfatty foods such as toast, rice, and crackers Get plenty of rest Stay away from dairy, caffeine, alcohol, bubbly or fizzy drinks, or spicy and fatty foods -- they can just make everything worse Tempting as it may be, you typically want to avoid over-the-counter medicine to stop your diarrhea. That's because the diarrhea is helping to get rid of whatever is making you sick. If you think you need it, check with your doctor first. And don't give it to children -- the side effects for them could be serious.
system: When should I call my doctor about food poisoning?
output: Though food poisoning usually goes away on its own, call your doctor if you have any signs of dehydration: Dry mouth or extreme thirst Not peeing much (or at all) or dark, concentrated urine Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure Weakness, dizziness, or a lightheaded feeling, especially when going from lying down or sitting to standing Confusion Also call your doctor if you see any of these symptoms: Blood in your vomit or poop Blurry vision Diarrhea for more than 3 days Extreme pain or cramps in your belly Fever over 101.5 F Throwing up that won't stop -- you can't even keep liquids down Tingling in your arms Weakness in your muscles Food poisoning is more dangerous for some people than others. It's best to call a doctor for: Adults 60 and older Babies and children People with a chronic illness or weak immune system Pregnant women
system: What can help with food poisoning?
output: So your main job is to drink plenty of fluids. Start with ice chips or small sips if you need to. It's also helpful to: Avoid food for the first few hours as your stomach settles down Drink water, broth, or an electrolyte solution, which will replace the minerals that you lose with vomiting and diarrhea Eat when you feel ready, but start with small amounts of bland, nonfatty foods such as toast, rice, and crackers Get plenty of rest Stay away from dairy, caffeine, alcohol, bubbly or fizzy drinks, or spicy and fatty foods -- they can just make everything worse Tempting as it may be, you typically want to avoid over-the-counter medicine to stop your diarrhea.
system: What should you expect when you get food poisoning?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When you have food poisoning, the first thing you want is relief. Your symptoms depend on what caused you to get sick, but you usually have diarrhea, throwing up, and an upset stomach at the least. It's no fun, but it's how your body tries to kick out the toxins and get you better. You usually get it from eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins created from these. While some cases last longer, it's usually gone within a few days. There's not a whole lot you can do except stay near a bathroom and ride it out.
system: How is food poisoning treated?
output: While some cases last longer, it's usually gone within a few days. Adults or children who lose a lot of fluids -- this is called dehydration -- may need to go the hospital to get an IV. This will replace your fluids and electrolytes more quickly. For severe food poisoning caused by certain bacteria, such as listeria, you may get antibiotics. For viruses, there's nothing you can take.
system: What are common causes of food poisoning?
output: Your symptoms depend on what caused you to get sick, but you usually have diarrhea, throwing up, and an upset stomach at the least. Some of the causes, from most to least common in the United States, are: Norovirus: You can get this virus from raw fruits and vegetables. You can also get this from shellfish, such as lobster and clams, that come from tainted water. Food handlers who have norovirus can also spread it as they prepare meals for customers. Salmonella. Clostridium perfringens. Usually a problem on foods left unrefrigerated for too long, this is common in meats, stews, and gravies. Campylobacter. You get can this from raw or undercooked meat, especially chicken, as well as unpasteurized milk and tainted water. Shigella. Often spread when someone uses tainted water to clean food, it can be found on seafood and raw, ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables. E. coli. You often get this one from eating undercooked beef, especially ground beef, as well as drinking unpasteurized milk and cider. This is a parasite found in stream water or food contaminated by stool. Listeria . Less common than others on this list, you can get it from packaged foods such as hot dogs and lunch meats, soft cheeses such as brie, and raw fruits and vegetables. Pregnant women need to be extra careful about listeria since it can cause miscarriage.
system: How successful is the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure for portal hypertension?
output: The TIPS procedure controls bleeding immediately in more than 90% of patients with portal hypertension. However, in about 20% of patients, the shunt may narrow, causing varices to re-bleed at a later time.
system: What complications are associated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension?
output: Shunt narrowing or blockage can occur within the first year after the TIPS procedure. Follow-up ultrasound exams are performed frequently after the TIPS procedure to detect these complications. The signs of a blockage include increased ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) and re-bleeding. This condition can be treated by a radiologist who re-expands the shunt with a balloon or repeats the procedure to place a new stent. Encephalopathy, or abnormal functioning of the brain, can occur with severe liver disease. Hepatic encephalopathy can become worse when blood flow to the liver is reduced by TIPS, which may result in toxic substances reaching the brain without being metabolized first by the liver. This condition can be treated with medications, diet, or by making the shunt inaccessible.
system: What are the symptoms of portal hypertension?
output: The onset of portal hypertension may not always be associated with specific symptoms that identify what is happening in the liver. But if you have liver disease that leads to cirrhosis, the chance of developing portal hypertension is high. The main symptoms and complications of portal hypertension include: Gastrointestinal bleeding marked by black, tarry stools or blood in the stools, or vomiting of blood due to the spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage from varices Ascites (an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) Encephalopathy or confusion and forgetfulness caused by poor liver function Reduced levels of platelets, blood cells that help form blood clots, or white blood cells, the cells that fight infection Usually, doctors make the diagnosis of portal hypertension based on the presence of ascites or of dilated veins or varices as seen during a physical exam of the abdomen or the anus.
system: What are other treatment options for portal hypertension?
output: If endoscopic therapy, drug therapy, and/or dietary changes don't successfully control variceal bleeding, you may require one of the following procedures to reduce the pressure in these veins. Decompression procedures include: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( TIPS): This procedure involves placing a stent (a tubular device) in the middle of the liver. The stent connects the hepatic vein with the portal vein, which reroutes blood flow in the liver and helps relieve pressure in abnormal veins. Distal splenorenal shunt ( DSRS): This procedure connects the vein from your spleen to the vein from the left kidney in order to reduce pressure in the varices and control bleeding.
system: What does the treatment for portal hypertension include?
output: Sclerotherapy is occasionally used when banding cannot be used and is a procedure in which a blood-clotting solution is injected into the bleeding varices to stop bleeding. Medications. Nonselective beta-blockers (nadolol or propranolol) may be prescribed alone or in combination with endoscopic therapy to reduce the pressure in varices and further reduce the risk of bleeding. Nonselective beta blockers are also prescribed to prevent a first variceal hemorrhage in a patient with varices that are felt to be at risk for bleeding. Esophageal variceal banding has also been used for that purpose, especially in patients who can't take beta blockers. The drug lactulose can help treat confusion and other mental changes associated with encephalopathy. If endoscopic therapy, drug therapy, and/or dietary changes don't successfully control variceal bleeding, you may require one of the following procedures to reduce the pressure in these veins.
system: What lifestyle changes should be made for portal hypertension?
output: Maintaining good nutritional habits and keeping a healthy lifestyle may help you avoid portal hypertension. Some of the things you can do to improve the function of your liver include the following: Do not use alcohol or street drugs. Do not take any over-the-counter or prescription drugs or herbal medicines without first consulting your doctor or nurse. You will probably be required to consume no more than 2 grams of sodium per day. Reduced protein intake may be required if confusion is a symptom. A dietitian can create a meal plan for you. Be sure to follow the dietary recommendations that your health care providers give you.
system: What are the symptoms of syphilis?
output: Syphilis is a tricky disease with four stages. In the primary stage, the main symptom is a sore. Sometimes syphilis is called the "great imitator" because the sore can look like a cut, an ingrown hair, or a harmless bump. The secondary stage starts with a rash on your body, followed by sores in your mouth, vagina, or anus. Symptoms usually disappear in the third, or latent, stage. This stage can last for years or the rest of your life. Only about 15% of people with untreated syphilis will develop the final stage. In the late stage, it causes organ and nerve damage. It can also cause problems in your brain.
system: What is trichomoniasis?
output: More women than men get trichomoniasis, which is caused by a tiny parasite. Men and women can give it to each other through penis-vagina contact. Women can give it to each other when their genital areas touch. Only about 30% of people with trichomoniasis have symptoms including itching, burning, or sore genitals. You might also see a smelly, clear, white, yellowish, or greenish discharge. Trichomoniasis is treated with antibiotics. It is important to be retested within three months of treatment, even if your partner has been treated as well.
system: What are the symptoms of HIV?
output: They can feel like the flu, with muscle aches, fatigue, or a slight fever. You could also lose weight or have diarrhea. The only sure way to tell if you've been infected is to get your saliva or blood tested.
system: How do you get HPV (human papillomavirus)?
output: Nearly every sexually active person will have HPV at some point. It is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the U. S. More than 40 types of HPV can be spread sexually. You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
system: What are the symptoms of herpes?
output: You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. In the primary stage, the main symptom is a sore. The main symptom of herpes is painful blisters around the penis, vagina, or anus.
system: What is the most commonly reported STD in the United States?
output: You can get them through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Sometimes you'll notice an odd discharge from your vagina or penis, or pain or burning when you pee. But only about 25% of women and 50% of men get symptoms. Chlamydia is caused by bacteria, so it's treated with antibiotics. After you are treated, you should get retested in three months, even if your partner has been treated as well.
system: What are signs of moderate aortic stenosis?
output: If your condition is moderate, you may notice: Feeling out of breath, especially when you're active Chest pain Tightness or pressure in your chest Heart palpitations (rapid heartbeats) Feeling that your normal exercise has become harder Your doctor may also hear a heart murmur during an exam.
system: Why do most people find out about mild aortic stenosis during a checkup?
output: Because these symptoms are so subtle, most people find out about mild cases during a checkup. When your doctor listens to your heart, she may hear an abnormal whooshing sound between heartbeats. Called a heart murmur, this distinct sound can show up long before other aortic stenosis symptoms.
system: What do you need to know about severe aortic stenosis?
output: If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. You can have a slightly more advanced case of aortic stenosis but still not show any symptoms. If your aortic stenosis is severe, you may have the same symptoms as some people with moderate cases -- such as chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath when you're active, and fainting. If left untreated, severe aortic stenosis can lead to heart failure. Intense fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling of your ankles and feet are all signs of this. It can also lead to heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) and even sudden cardiac death.
system: What do you need to know about moderate aortic stenosis?
output: If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. In fact, many people who have a mild case may not notice any symptoms. Or, you may start to feel the effects of a smaller aortic valve opening and the strain that's putting on your heart. If your condition is moderate, you may notice: Feeling out of breath, especially when you're active Chest pain Tightness or pressure in your chest Heart palpitations (rapid heartbeats) Feeling that your normal exercise has become harder Your doctor may also hear a heart murmur during an exam.
system: How is mild aortic stenosis diagnosed?
output: If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. In fact, many people who have a mild case may not notice any symptoms. When your doctor listens to your heart, she may hear an abnormal whooshing sound between heartbeats.
system: What is aortic stenosis?
output: Aortic stenosis is a type of heart valve disease. Your aortic valve transfers blood from the left ventricle of your heart to your aorta, the largest artery you have. If something causes this valve to narrow, you can't get as much blood flow to your heart and the rest of your body. While aortic stenosis is most common in older people, some children are born with it.
system: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the chest, lungs, and heart?
output: It doesn't happen often, but chest pain and shortness of breath can be symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. These might happen when the chest wall and the cartilage that links your ribs to your breastbone get inflamed. It's also rare, but your lungs or your aorta (the large blood vessel that leaves your heart) could be affected.
system: How many people get psoriatic arthritis?
output: Up to a third of people with psoriasis also get psoriatic arthritis ( Ps A). Most people are diagnosed between 30 and 50, but you can get it at any age. It causes inflammation, mainly in your joints. And it can affect other body parts, too.
system: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the tendons?
output: You could also get inflammation where a muscle connects to a bone, such as the Achilles tendon behind your heel. It might hurt to walk and climb stairs.
system: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the fingernails and toenails?
output: Many people with psoriatic arthritis see tiny dents, called pitting, and ridges in their nails.
system: What are the symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the joints?
output: Often you'll notice swelling in your knees, ankles, feet, and hands. Usually, a few joints are inflamed at a time. They get painful and puffy, and sometimes hot and red. When your fingers or toes are affected, they might take on a sausage shape. Stiff joints are common. They're typically worse early in the morning. If you have both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, your odds are even higher. Inflammation in the colored part of your eye, the iris, can cause pain that gets worse in bright light. Arthritis mutilans, a rare but destructive condition that sometimes happens with psoriatic arthritis, rapidly damages joints at the ends of your fingers and toes. Women with psoriasis and anyone with severe psoriatic arthritis may be almost twice as likely to get it as others. If you have psoriasis and your joints hurt, let your doctor know.
system: What are the side effects of taking insulin?
output: The major ones include: Low blood sugar Weight gain when you first start using it Lumps or scars where you've had too many insulin injections Rash at the site of injection or, rarely, over your entire body With inhaled insulin, there's a chance that your lungs could tighten suddenly if you have asthma or the lung disease COPD.
system: What types of insulin are there?
output: Regular- or short-acting insulin takes about 30 minutes to work fully and lasts for 3 to 6 hours. Intermediate-acting insulin takes 2 to 4 hours to work fully. Its effects can last for up to 18 hours. Long-acting insulin can work for an entire day. Your doctor may prescribe more than one type.
system: How do you store injectable insulin?
output: Always have two bottles of each type you use on hand. You don't need to refrigerate vials of insulin that you're using. A good rule of thumb is that if the temperature is comfortable for you, the insulin is safe. You can store the bottle that you're using at room temperature (not higher than 80 F) for 30 days. You don't want it to get too hot or too cold, and keep it out of direct sunlight. You should keep your extra backup bottles in the refrigerator. The night before you're going to start using a new bottle, take it out and let it warm up. Don't let your insulin freeze. Always look at your insulin inside the bottle before you draw it into the syringe. Rapid-acting, short-acting, and certain long-acting types should be clear. Other forms may look cloudy, but they shouldn't have clumps. If you carry a bottle with you, be careful not to shake it. That makes air bubbles, which can change the amount of insulin you get when you withdraw it for an injection. For insulin pens, check the package insert for storage instructions Check the directions on the package.
system: When do you take insulin for diabetes?
output: You want to time your shot so that the glucose from your food gets into your system at about the same time that the insulin starts to work. This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. For example, if you use a rapid-acting insulin, you'd likely take it 10 minutes before or even with your meal. If you use regular- or intermediate-acting insulin, you should generally take it about a half-hour before your meals, or at bedtime. Follow your doctor's advice. The major ones include: Low blood sugar Weight gain when you first start using it Lumps or scars where you've had too many insulin injections Rash at the site of injection or, rarely, over your entire body With inhaled insulin, there's a chance that your lungs could tighten suddenly if you have asthma or the lung disease COPD. Always have two bottles of each type you use on hand.
system: How do you store inhaled insulin?
output: For insulin pens, check the package insert for storage instructions Check the directions on the package. You should keep a sealed package in the refrigerator until you're ready to start using it. If you don't, you must use it within 10 days. You can refrigerate packages you've opened, but let a cartridge warm up to room temperature for 10 minutes before you use it.
system: When do I take insulin for diabetes?
output: You want to time your shot so that the glucose from your food gets into your system at about the same time that the insulin starts to work. This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. For example, if you use a rapid-acting insulin, you'd likely take it 10 minutes before or even with your meal. If you use regular- or intermediate-acting insulin, you should generally take it about a half-hour before your meals, or at bedtime. Follow your doctor's advice. For insulin pens, check the package insert for storage instructions Check the directions on the package.
system: How does insulin help treat diabetes?
output: This will help your body use the glucose and avoid low blood sugar reactions. A good rule of thumb is that if the temperature is comfortable for you, the insulin is safe.
system: How do you know if you're thirsty because of anemia?
output: Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty.
system: What causes dry mouth?
output: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty. Usually, it happens because the glands in your mouth make less saliva. You may get it because of medications you take, treatments for other conditions like cancer, diseases like Sjogren's syndrome, nerve damage in the head and neck, or tobacco use.
system: What are some signs that my excessive thirst is caused by anemia?
output: Mild anemia probably won't make you thirsty, but you might find yourself craving more water if the condition gets severe. Other symptoms include: Dizziness Feeling tired and weak Having pale or yellowish skin Quick pulse Sweating The answer depends on what is making you so thirsty.
system: How do you know if you're thirsty because of diabetes insipidus?
output: If you have diabetes insipidus, you may also have: Dehydration The urge to pee often When your mouth feels very dry, it can make you thirsty.
system: Can my thirst be because of diabetes insipidus?
output: Along with thirst and more visits to the restroom, other symptoms of diabetes include: Blurred vision Feeling very tired Hunger Cuts and bruises that are slow to heal Despite its name, this condition isn't related to diabetes. It happens when your body doesn't make enough of a hormone that helps your kidneys control the amount of water in your body. Excessive thirst is one of the major symptoms.