laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What can cause mental illness?
output: Some mental illnesses have been linked to abnormal functioning of nerve cell circuits or pathways that connect particular brain regions. Psychological factors that may contribute to mental illness include: Severe psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical, or sexual abuse An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent Neglect Poor ability to relate to others Certain stressors can trigger an illness in a person who is susceptible to mental illness.
system: What is the A1c test for diabetes?
output: A1c Test: This is a blood test you'll get in your doctor's office at least twice a year, or as often as he recommends. The results show your average blood sugar control for the past 2 to 3 months. You and your doctor need this test to see how well your diabetes treatment plan is working, so you can make changes if you need to.
system: What is the continuous glucose monitoring system for diabetes?
output: Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: If you choose this method, your doctor will place a tiny sensor under your skin to check blood sugar levels every 5 minutes. It sends data to a monitor that you wear like a pager for a few days. You'll still need to check your levels throughout the day; continuous glucose monitoring doesn't replace that. It gives your doctor more information about trends that self-checking might not show.
system: How can I check my blood sugar on my own if I have diabetes?
output: To do it, you use a gadget that pricks your finger with a tiny needle. You'll put a drop of blood onto a test strip. The strip goes into a handheld device that measures your blood sugar level. Record the test results, so you can share it with your doctor. Based on your results, the two of you may adjust your diet, exercise, or medication. A1c Test: This is a blood test you'll get in your doctor's office at least twice a year, or as often as he recommends.
system: How often should I check my blood sugar if I have diabetes?
output: It can help you decide what to eat and whether your medication needs to be adjusted. It can also help you steer clear of diabetes-related problems like: Heart disease Stroke High blood pressure High cholesterol Blindness Kidney disease Skin problems Self- Checking: Give yourself a blood sugar test as often as your doctor advises. You'll still need to check your levels throughout the day; continuous glucose monitoring doesn't replace that.
system: Who should not have nonsurgical spinal decompression?
output: Before or after therapy, you may have other types of treatment, such as: Electrical stimulation (electric current that causes certain muscles to contract) Ultrasound (the use of sound waves to generate heat and promote healing) Heat or cold therapy Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression. It is best not to try it if you are pregnant. People with any of these conditions should also not have nonsurgical spinal decompression: Fracture Tumor Abdominal aortic aneurysm Advanced osteoporosis Metal implants in the spine Surgical spinal decompression is another option for treating certain types of back pain.
system: How is nonsurgical spinal decompression done?
output: These include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Physical therapy Exercise Limited rest Steroid injections Bracing Chiropractic Acupuncture You are fully clothed during spinal decompression therapy. The doctor fits you with a harness around your pelvis and another around your trunk. You either lie face down or face up on a computer-controlled table. A doctor operates the computer, customizing treatment to your specific needs. Treatment may last 30 to 45 minutes and you may require 20 to 28 treatments over five to seven weeks. Before or after therapy, you may have other types of treatment, such as: Electrical stimulation (electric current that causes certain muscles to contract) Ultrasound (the use of sound waves to generate heat and promote healing) Heat or cold therapy Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression.
system: What is spinal decompression therapy used for?
output: Doctors have used nonsurgical spinal decompression in an attempt to treat: Back or neck pain or sciatica, which is pain, weakness, or tingling that extends down the leg Bulging or herniated disks or degenerative disk disease Worn spinal joints (called posterior facet syndrome) Injured or diseased spinal nerve roots More research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of nonsurgical spinal decompression.
system: What are the risks of spinal decompression surgery?
output: As with any surgery, there are risks. These are some of the more common risks associated with spinal decompression surgery: Infection Bleeding Blood clots Allergic reaction to anesthesia Nerve or tissue damage Another risk of surgery is that it may not improve back pain much. It can be difficult to determine who will benefit from spinal decompression surgery.
system: What should you know about spinal decompression therapy?
output: You may be unable to think of little else except finding relief. Some people turn to spinal decompression therapy -- either surgical or nonsurgical. Here's what you need to know to help decide whether it might be right for you.
system: How effective is spinal decompression therapy?
output: Doctors have used nonsurgical spinal decompression in an attempt to treat: Back or neck pain or sciatica, which is pain, weakness, or tingling that extends down the leg Bulging or herniated disks or degenerative disk disease Worn spinal joints (called posterior facet syndrome) Injured or diseased spinal nerve roots More research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of nonsurgical spinal decompression. To know how effective it really is, researchers need to compare spinal decompression with other alternatives to surgery. These include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Physical therapy Exercise Limited rest Steroid injections Bracing Chiropractic Acupuncture You are fully clothed during spinal decompression therapy.
system: What is non surgical spinal decompression therapy?
output: Spinal decompression works by gently stretching the spine. That changes the force and position of the spine. This change takes pressure off the spinal disks, which are gel-like cushions between the bones in your spine, by creating negative pressure in the disc. As a result, bulging or herniated disks may retract, taking pressure off nerves and other structures in your spine. This in turn, helps promote movement of water, oxygen, and nutrient-rich fluids into the disks so they can heal. Surgery may help relieve symptoms from pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, including: Pain Numbness Tingling Weakness Your doctor may suggest one or more types of back surgeries to relieve the pressure in your spine.
system: What should I do if my eye is bleeding?
output: Get an immediate appoingtment with an eye doctor (ophthamologist), call 911 or take the person to a hospital emergency room. Do not put rub the eye or put pressure on the eyeball. Avoid giving aspirin or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin). They can make bleeding worse. A medical eye doctor will examine the eye and prescribe treatment based on what's causing the bleeding and how severe it is. The person may need to use eye drops or wear a patch. Rarely, surgery is needed to relieve pressure in the eye.
system: How is central diabetes insipidus treated?
output: If your central DI is mild, the treatment for central DI is simple: Drink more water. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe desmopressin or DDAVP, which is a type of vasopressin. Desmopressin controls urine output, maintains fluid balance, and prevents dehydration. You take it two to three times a day, usually as a nasal spray, tablets, or injections. Carry your medication with you and avoid situations where you can't get water. It's also a good idea to wear "medic alert" jewelry, or keep a note with you about your condition, so that health care workers know about it.
system: What are the symptoms of central diabetes insipidus in children?
output: People with central DI usually have the following symptoms: Frequent urination -- more than 3 liters of urine a day Frequent nighttime awakening to pee Involuntary urination during sleep (bed-wetting) Pale, colorless urine Low measured concentration of urine Extreme thirst -- often drinking more than 1 gallon of liquid per day In severe cases, or if a person can't get enough liquid to drink, central diabetes insipidus can cause: Dehydration Confusion Loss of consciousness Symptoms of central DI in children may be: Low energy Irritability Slow growth Weight loss Fever Vomiting A checkup may not show any signs of central DI, except perhaps for an enlarged bladder or symptoms of dehydration.
system: What can central diabetes insipidus cause?
output: People with central DI usually have the following symptoms: Frequent urination -- more than 3 liters of urine a day Frequent nighttime awakening to pee Involuntary urination during sleep (bed-wetting) Pale, colorless urine Low measured concentration of urine Extreme thirst -- often drinking more than 1 gallon of liquid per day In severe cases, or if a person can't get enough liquid to drink, central diabetes insipidus can cause: Dehydration Confusion Loss of consciousness Symptoms of central DI in children may be: Low energy Irritability Slow growth Weight loss Fever Vomiting A checkup may not show any signs of central DI, except perhaps for an enlarged bladder or symptoms of dehydration.
system: What are the symptoms of central diabetes insipidus?
output: People with central DI usually have the following symptoms: Frequent urination -- more than 3 liters of urine a day Frequent nighttime awakening to pee Involuntary urination during sleep (bed-wetting) Pale, colorless urine Low measured concentration of urine Extreme thirst -- often drinking more than 1 gallon of liquid per day In severe cases, or if a person can't get enough liquid to drink, central diabetes insipidus can cause: Dehydration Confusion Loss of consciousness Symptoms of central DI in children may be: Low energy Irritability Slow growth Weight loss Fever Vomiting A checkup may not show any signs of central DI, except perhaps for an enlarged bladder or symptoms of dehydration.
system: What happens in central diabetes insipidus?
output: Central diabetes insipidus is completely unrelated to diabetes, even though they share the symptoms of peeing more and feeling thirsty. The disease happens when the body doesn't make enough of the hormone vasopressin, which controls how much urine the kidneys put out. Without vasopressin, the kidneys can't work properly. As a result, the body loses a lot of water, quickly, in diluted urine. This makes people very thirsty, so they drink lots of water. Anyone can get central DI, but it's not common. Only about 1 in every 25,000 people gets it.
system: What is central diabetes insipidus?
output: Central diabetes insipidus is completely unrelated to diabetes, even though they share the symptoms of peeing more and feeling thirsty. It's also called "central DI," "pituitary DI," "hypothalamic DI," "neurohypophyseal DI," or "neurogenic DI." The disease happens when the body doesn't make enough of the hormone vasopressin, which controls how much urine the kidneys put out. Without vasopressin, the kidneys can't work properly. As a result, the body loses a lot of water, quickly, in diluted urine. This makes people very thirsty, so they drink lots of water.
system: What medications can I use to lessen my child's teething pain?
output: Use baby acetaminophen ( Tylenol) to dull pain. Do not use ibuprofen unless the baby is at least 6 months old. Do not use topical pain medicine that contains benzocaine. They could cause dangerous side effects. Benzocaine can be found in over-the-counter products such as Baby Orajel.
system: How does Alzheimer's disease affect the brain?
output: Most of the time, the brain cells also form two types of flaws: Neurofibrillary tangles. These are twisted fibers inside brain cells that keep nutrients and other important things from moving from one part of the cell to another Beta-amyloid plaques. These changes cause the symptoms of Alzheimer's, such as memory loss, speech problems, confusion, and mood swings. Brain cells affected by the disease also make lower amounts of the chemicals called neurotransmitters that nerves use to send messages to each other.
system: Will my dog need surgery for a sprain or a strain?
output: Surgery is in order for otherwise-healthy dogs that don’t get better, keep injuring themselves, or have a torn tendon or ligament.
system: Can dogs get sprains or strains?
output: The words sound alike, but they mean different things. Strains injure tendons that link muscles and bones. This can happen if your dog stretches too far, too much, or too often. Athletic dogs get strains, but this injury also can happen when a dog slips, falls, or jumps during normal play. In dogs, strains are common in the hips and thighs. Sprains harm the ligaments that connect bones, which causes joint damage. Sprains can happen to hunting dogs who jump hurdles, as well as to the average dog who may hurt himself taking a hard landing off the couch, or even by something as simple as stepping in a hole. The wrist and knee are common joints for dogs to sprain. One of the most serious injuries is a torn cranial cruciate ligament ( CCL), which connects the bones of the knee.
system: How do you know your dog has a strain or sprain?
output: The first warning sign of strains or sprains may be that your dog starts to limp or is suddenly lame, meaning he can’t use his leg. If this lasts more than a day or so, or if it happens again and again, it’s time for a visit to the vet.
system: How will the vet diagnose my pet with a sprain or strain?
output: Imagine doing that all day and you’ll have a better idea of the weight and stress your dog puts on his muscles and joints. She’ll want to see him walk, sit, and lie down. She may take X-rays or do an MRI or ultrasound to get a look at damage that can’t be seen from the outside. X-rays show problems with bones. The other kinds of images are better for seeing tissue damage.
system: How do you treat a dog's sprain or  strain?
output: In a typical plan to treat strains and sprains, your vet may tell you to: Give your dog nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) to ease inflammation. Apply an ice pack or heating pad. Make sure your dog rests. Walk your dog on a leash, taking it slowly at first. Use a brace or support to hold your dog’s muscle or joint in place. Try physical therapy, such as walk on an underwater or land treadmill, balancing on a ball or board. Massage the area. Put your dog on a diet.
system: What is the stomach flu?
output: These viruses target the digestive tract and cause inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The most awful symptoms -- diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps -- are actually your body's defense mechanisms. Your body is trying to drive the virus out. Stomach flu can develop at any time of the year, but it's most common in the fall and winter in the U. S. Although unpleasant, stomach flu is rarely serious. Symptoms usually last for 1 to 3 days and sometimes longer. The greatest risk -- especially in babies and older people -- comes from dehydration. Untreated, dehydration can be dangerous. Despite the name, stomach flu has nothing to do with the "true" flu, influenza. Influenza causes body ache and fever. It almost never causes diarrhea or vomiting in adults. Rarely, it can trigger vomiting in children. There is no cure for the stomach flu. Antibiotics don't help, because it's caused by viruses, not bacteria.
system: How do you treat stomach flu?
output: There is no cure for the stomach flu. Antibiotics don't help, because it's caused by viruses, not bacteria. For the most part, you just have to wait it out. In the meantime, there are some things you can do to make yourself more comfortable and prevent complications. Drink more. It's important to increase fluid intake when you are vomiting or have diarrhea. Adults should aim to get one cup of fluid every hour. Children need 1 ounce of fluid every 30 to 60 minutes. Drink slowly, since too much at once could worsen vomiting. If your child tends to gulp, give her a frozen popsicle instead. Drink wisely. When you have diarrhea, drinking more water may not be enough. You're losing important minerals and electrolytes that water can't supply. Instead, ask your doctor about giving your sick child an oral rehydration solution such as Cera Lyte, Infalyte, Naturalyte, Pedialyte, and generic brands. ( If your baby is still nursing or using formula, keep feeding him as usual.) Adults can use oral rehydration solutions or diluted juices, diluted sports drinks, clear broth, or decaffeinated tea. Sugary, carbonated, caffeinated, or alcoholic drinks can make diarrhea worse, so be sure to dilute sugary beverages if you drink them. Don't eat only bland foods. The old advice was to stick with a liquid diet for a few days and then to add in bland foods, such as the BRAT diet of bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. That's fine for the first day or so of stomach flu. However, doctors say that you should return to your normal diet as soon as you feel up to it. BRAT foods aren't bad. They just don't provide the fat and protein that you need. Sticking with them too long could actually slow your recovery. Get the right nutrients. Look for foods with potassium (such as potatoes, bananas, and fruit juices), salt (such as pretzels and soup), and yogurt with active bacterial cultures. Even a little fat could help, because it slows down digestion and may reduce diarrhea. If you feel up to it, add a pat of butter or some lean meat to your next meal. Use over-the-counter medications. They're not necessary, but some people find relief in medications for diarrhea and vomiting. Just use them with care, and read and follow the label instructions. Never give a medication for diarrhea or vomiting to a child unless a pediatrician says that you should. Rest. Give your body time to recover.
system: What should you know about the stomach flu?
output: It's also highly contagious. What treatments will make life with the stomach flu a little less awful? More importantly, how can you avoid getting it in the first place? The most awful symptoms -- diarrhea, vomiting, and cramps -- are actually your body's defense mechanisms. The viruses that cause gastroenteritis come from contact with an infected person's stool.
system: What can you do to protect yourself from stomach flu?
output: Your body is trying to drive the virus out. It's important to take steps to protect yourself and your family. Here's some advice. Make sure to use soap and water and do it thoroughly -- wash your hands for as long as it takes to recite the alphabet. Always wash your hands after using the bathroom, before eating, and after changing a diaper. Use hand sanitizer. If you're not near a sink to wash your hands, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Be aware that hand sanitizer may not be as effective as hand washing at preventing the stomach flu. Wipe down surfaces. If a family member has the stomach flu, wash off high-traffic areas -- such as the bathroom, door knobs, phones, and TV remotes -- with a diluted bleach solution. If it's possible, keep healthy people out of the bathroom the sick person is using. Make sure your kids get their vaccines. Vaccines for rotavirus can protect children from some types of stomach flu. Kids usually get the vaccines before they are age 2.
system: What are some effective treatments for glaucoma?
output: Typically, the doctor will start you on an eye drop formula. The medications work two ways: Some decrease how much fluid is produced in the eye; others help the fluid flow out better. Many people can preserve their vision if they take their medications as scheduled and visit their doctor regularly. Note: Medications for glaucoma -- even eye drops -- can affect the entire body, so you should alert all of your doctors that you are taking them, as well as report all of your medical conditions to your eye doctor.
system: What can I do for a parent who needs glaucoma surgery?
output: If your parent faces surgery, do what you can to help him or her prepare, then arrange transportation to follow-up visits to the doctor. There are many services and products available to help someone with impaired vision continue to write checks, organize their kitchen, tell time, and even play cards. Contact the Glaucoma Foundation to learn about them. Remember, the best help you can offer is your emotional support.
system: Can I wear contacts with glaucoma?
output: Whether or not you can wear contact lenses depends on which glaucoma treatment your doctor selects for you. You should be able to continue wearing them if you use eye drops. However, some drugs may need to be taken when lenses are not in your eyes. Also, some of the older medications can affect your prescription, so you may need to get new contacts at some point. If your doctor decides that you need surgery, your ability to wear contacts may be affected.
system: What can I do for a parent with glaucoma?
output: So, first, reassure your parent that many people keep their vision with proper medication and care. Next, help your loved one establish a routine so eye drops are applied correctly on schedule. Some eye drops must be applied several times a day.
system: How are routines effective in glaucoma patients?
output: Next, help your loved one establish a routine so eye drops are applied correctly on schedule. Some eye drops must be applied several times a day. This can be especially difficult for people with arthritis, and, frankly, not an easy task for anyone to remember! You could offer to help, perhaps by swinging by the house or by calling with a reminder. If that's not possible, talk with your parent's doctor to make sure a plan is in place. Compliance with drop regimens is extremely important in glaucoma to prevent permanent vision loss.
system: How effective is marijuana in treating glaucoma?
output: Studies performed in the 1970s reported that smoking marijuana could lower eye pressure. Other studies have been inconclusive. Newer reviews by the National Eye Institute and the Institute of Medicine show that there is no scientific evidence that marijuana is more effective than the drugs currently available.
system: What are some surgeries associated with glaucoma?
output: In some people, however, drugs alone do not control the eye pressure, and surgery is needed. One type of surgery called laser trabeculoplasty uses a laser to improve the flow of fluids out of the eye. This can be done in your doctor's office. There are also several conventional surgeries -- the most common is called trabeculectomy -- in which your doctor creates a new drainage path in the eye under the eyelid. This surgery must be done in an operating room. After both of these procedures, people may still have to take eye drops to further lower the eye pressure.
system: What are the driving restrictions of someone with glaucoma?
output: Most people with glaucoma can still drive -- as long as they pass the Department of Motor Vehicles' vision test. Simply put, your ability to drive will depend on how much vision has been lost. Some people with advanced glaucoma can still get their license renewed but with restrictions. Ask your doctor to discuss your condition with you to determine if driving will be a concern for you.
system: If my parent had glaucoma, will I get it?
output: Not necessarily, but it does increase your risk. Other factors that may increase your risk are: Being over age 50 Being over age 40 and African- American Having a family history of glaucoma Having a history of serious eye injury Taking steroid medications Having diabetes Being nearsighted Having high blood pressure People with these risk factors should have their eyes examined on a regular basis to look for the disease. Note: Medications for glaucoma -- even eye drops -- can affect the entire body, so you should alert all of your doctors that you are taking them, as well as report all of your medical conditions to your eye doctor.