laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are symptoms of autoimmune blistering disorders?
output: The places on your body where blisters form depends on which disorder you have. Some types cause blisters to grow on the skin. Other types cause them to form in the mucous membranes that line the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals. They can be painful or itchy. They can break open and leave a sore.
system: How can autoimmune blistering disorders be diagnosed?
output: The places on your body where blisters form depends on which disorder you have. You might get one or more of these tests: Blister biopsy. Your doctor removes a piece of the blister and looks at it under a microscope. A biopsy can show where the skin layers have separated. Direct immunofluorescence. A chemical is placed on the skin biopsy sample. The type of antibodies in your skin can show which type of blistering disorder you have. Blood test. This test can show how severe your condition is.
system: Does acupuncture help if you have arthritis?
output: The NIH considers acupuncture an acceptable alternative treatment for osteoarthritis, especially if it affects the knee. Studies have shown that acupuncture helps reduce pain, may significantly lessen the need for painkillers, and can help increase range of motion in affected knee joints.
system: Does curcumin help with arthritis?
output: Topical curcumin may help relieve the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis; if taken in capsule form, it can reduce morning stiffness and boost endurance.
system: When can your child go back to school after having a flu?
output: The flu is very contagious, so it's important to keep your child home if he starts feeling sick. Once his fever has been gone for at least 24 hours -- without him taking fever-reducing medication -- it's safe to send him back to the classroom.
system: Can antiviral drugs help a child who has the flu?
output: They're prescription medications that can treat the flu by preventing the virus from multiplying inside the body. But to work well, your child has to start taking them ASAP -- within 48 hours of when symptoms first appear. He'll probably take the medicine -- which comes in pill, liquid, or inhaler form -- for 5 days. Antiviral drugs can make his flu symptoms milder and help him get better faster. Studies also say they make people less likely to get other serious health problems, like pneumonia.
system: How can you eat more beans to prevent constipation?
output: Replace meat with a bean or legume dish at least once or twice a week. Add cooked beans to salads, and try bean soups and stews as main courses.
system: Which foods can give you a lot of fiber?
output: Examples of high-fiber foods include: 1/2 cup navy beans: 9.5 grams 1 small pear: 4.4 grams 1/4 cup dates: 3.6 grams 1 medium apple: 3.3 grams 1 medium sweet potato: 4.8 grams Simple changes can improve your diet and help relieve constipation: Add veggies.
system: How does constipation happen?
output: The problem often happens because of a low-fiber or high-fat diet, lack of exercise, and not drinking enough fluids. Certain medications, not going when you feel the urge, laxative abuse, and pregnancy can also lead to constipation.
system: How can you add more fiber to your diet to prevent constipation?
output: Add fiber gradually. Make changes slowly over the course of a week or so -- if you up fiber too quickly, you could end up feeling bloated and gassy. Be patient -- it may take time for your body to adjust.
system: How does fiber affect constipation?
output: If your bowel habits get sluggish, you don't have to rush out to buy a laxative. Most people don't need them for mild constipation. Instead, look at your diet. Are you getting enough fiber? Fiber is the part of plant foods that the body can't break down. When you eat foods that have a lot of it, the extra bulk helps keep stools soft and speeds digestion.
system: How can you add veggies to your diet to prevent constipation?
output: You don't have to count grams of fiber to get the amount you need. Instead, aim to eat 2 cups of fruit and 2 1/2 cups of vegetables every day. Make sandwiches with roasted veggies, add a salad instead of fries to your meal, buy pre-cut vegetables to snack on with low-fat dip, keep the fruit bowl full for a handy and healthy snack, and add chopped, dried fruit to oatmeal and cereal.
system: Is it normal to have constipation?
output: So if you're dealing with tummy troubles, you're not alone. Most of the time it doesn't last long, and simple changes can help your digestive system run smoothly again. It's not always easy to find time to be active, but try these tips: Start exercising about 20 minutes, 3 days a week, and build up to at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week.
system: When should you consider a fiber supplement for your constipation?
output: So if you're dealing with tummy troubles, you're not alone. Are you getting enough fiber? Just be sure to talk with your doctor before you use them as they can make some medications not work as well.
system: What symptoms can bacterial and viral infections cause?
output: Bacterial and viral infections can cause similar symptoms such as coughing and sneezing, fever, inflammation, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and cramping -- all of which are ways the immune system tries to rid the body of infectious organisms. But bacterial and viral infections are dissimilar in many other important respects, most of them due to the organisms' structural differences and the way they respond to medications.
system: How are bacterial infections treated?
output: The discovery of antibiotics for bacterial infections is considered one of the most important breakthroughs in medical history. Unfortunately, bacteria are very adaptable, and the overuse of antibiotics has made many of them resistant to antibiotics. This has created serious problems, especially in hospital settings. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, and many leading organizations now recommend against using antibiotics unless there is clear evidence of a bacterial infection.
system: What can microbes cause?
output: Microbes can also cause: Acute infections, which are short-lived. Chronic infections, which can last for weeks, months, or a lifetime. Latent infections, which may not cause symptoms at first but can reactivate over a period of months and years. Most importantly, bacterial and viral infections, can cause mild, moderate, and severe diseases.
system: What is the historical importance of bacterial and viral infections?
output: Throughout history, millions of people have died of diseases such as bubonic plague or the Black Death, which is caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria, and smallpox, which is caused by the variola virus. In recent times, viral infections have been responsible for two major pandemics: the 1918-1919 â Spanish fluâ epidemic that killed 20-40 million people, and the ongoing HIV/ AIDS epidemic that killed an estimated 1.5 million people worldwide in 2013 alone.
system: How do viruses differ from bacteria?
output: Viruses are tinier: the largest of them are smaller than the smallest bacteria. All they have is a protein coat and a core of genetic material, either RNA or DNA. Unlike bacteria, viruses can't survive without a host. They can only reproduce by attaching themselves to cells. In most cases, they reprogram the cells to make new viruses until the cells burst and die. In other cases, they turn normal cells into malignant or cancerous cells. Also unlike bacteria, most viruses do cause disease, and they're quite specific about the cells they attack. For example, certain viruses attack cells in the liver, respiratory system, or blood. In some cases, viruses target bacteria.
system: How are bacterial and viral infections spread?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Bacterial and viral infections have many things in common. Both types of infections are caused by microbes -- bacteria and viruses, respectively -- and spread by things such as: Coughing and sneezing.
system: How are viral infections treated?
output: Vaccines have drastically reduced the number of new cases of viral diseases such as polio, measles, and chickenpox. In addition, vaccines can prevent such infections such as the flu, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus ( HPV), and others. But the treatment of viral infections has proved more challenging, primarily because viruses are relatively tiny and reproduce inside cells. For some viral diseases, such as herpes simplex virus infections, HIV/ AIDS, and influenza, antiviral medications have become available. But the use of antiviral medications has been associated with the development of drug-resistant microbes.
system: How can your doctor know the origin of bacterial and viral infections?
output: In some cases, it's difficult to determine whether an illness is viral or bacterial because many ailments -- including pneumonia, meningitis, and diarrhea -- can be caused by either. But your doctor may be able to determine the cause by listening to your medical history and doing a physical exam. If necessary, he or she also can order a blood or urine test to help confirm a diagnosis, or a "culture test" of tissue to identify bacteria or viruses. Occasionally, a biopsy of affected tissue may be required.
system: How often should I see my doctor if I am postmenopausal?
output: Even if you are postmenopausal, getting regular check-ups and preventive screening tests such as pelvic exams, Pap smears, breast exams, and mammograms are among the most important things you can do for yourself. How often you need a check-up depends on your health history. Talk to your doctor to determine how often you should be seen.
system: Can I get pregnant after menopause?
output: Having your doctor measure your follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH) level is another way to see if you are near menopause. But, continue using contraception until your doctor determines that you truly are postmenopausal.
system: What can I do to prevent cancer?
output: Tips for cancer prevention include: Avoid smoking. If you do smoke, quit. Avoid too much sun exposure and wear sunscreen outdoors. Eat a nutritious diet and exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy weight. Get proper cancer screening for your age, gender, and risk factors. Take proper precautions around carcinogens and industrial chemicals, such as wearing gloves and making sure there is enough ventilation. Watch your alcohol intake.
system: What is radiculopathy?
output: A spinal nerve can become pinched or inflamed. This can cause low back pain to travel (radiate) down your legs. It can also cause numbness or tingling.
system: What puts you at risk for low back pain?
output: Certain things make it more likely that you will have low back pain: Age.
system: Can back pain be a sign of a serious underlying condition?
output: Possibilities include: An inflammatory disease like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis Osteoporosis (bones losing to density as you age; may lead to fractures) Scoliosis (curved spine) Endometriosis, which occurs when tissue from the uterus grows in other parts of the body Back pain can also be a sign of a serious underlying condition that needs attention right away. For example: Infections of your vertebrae (osteomyelitis), disks (discitis), or the joints that connect your spine to your pelvis (sacroiliitis) Abdominal aortic aneurysm (when the blood vessel that supplies your belly, pelvis, and legs becomes swollen) Kidney stones (pain in the lower back, usually just on one side) Tumors (though this is rare) Fewer than 1% of people with low back pain will turn out to have a serious problem like cancer or an infection.
system: What is spondylolisthesis?
output: In this condition, a vertebra slips out of place and pinches spinal nerves.
system: What underlying conditions can cause back pain?
output: You may hear the term âmechanicalâ low back pain. Possibilities include: An inflammatory disease like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis Osteoporosis (bones losing to density as you age; may lead to fractures) Scoliosis (curved spine) Endometriosis, which occurs when tissue from the uterus grows in other parts of the body Back pain can also be a sign of a serious underlying condition that needs attention right away.
system: How are degenerated disks associated with back pain?
output: Disks. If your abdominal and back muscles are weak, they don't do as good a job of supporting the structure of your spine.
system: When should you call the doctor about low back pain?
output: If your back pain is short-term -- meaning it lasts a few days or a few weeks -- doctors call it âacute.â If it has gone on for 3 months or more, it's considered chronic. But you should call the doctor if: Your pain is constant or intense, especially at night or when you lie down. Your pain spreads down one or both legs. You feel numbness or tingling in one or both legs. You're losing weight without trying. Go to the emergency room right away if you have any of these symptoms: Pain after a fall, car crash or sports injury Fever Trouble controlling your bowels or bladder
system: How can finances related to psoriasis cause stress?
output: Psoriasis treatments can be costly. A year's supply of biologic drugs can cost more than $25,000. And even cheaper treatments add up.
system: How can you relax if you have stress and psoriasis?
output: Learn techniques to relax. Try one of these stress-busters: Deep breathing Meditation Tai chi Yoga They can lower stress and may even help your treatment. One study found that people who listened to meditation tapes while they got light therapy did twice as well as those who only got light therapy. Long walks and long baths are also good ways to ease stress.
system: How does pain from psoriasis cause stress?
output: Psoriasis can cause chronic pain, which adds a constant level of stress in your life. Sometimes the pain can make day-to-day actions hard. If you have arthritis in your joints, this is more likely.
system: How can trusting your doctor help with stress and psoriasis?
output: To ease stress, you need to have faith in your doctor to work out the best plan for your treatment. You are partners. If you don't feel like you are, or if you have doubts about your treatment plan, see another doctor.
system: How can getting a massage help your stress and psoriasis?
output: A good massage can: Ease muscle tension Lower stress Help you relax If you can, find a massage therapist who has worked with people who have psoriasis.
system: Can stress cause psoriasis?
output: Experts aren't sure how psoriasis and stress are linked. It may have to do with an effect on the immune system. Some people have their first flare of psoriasis during a very stressful time in their life.
system: Should I get better treatment if I have psoriasis?
output: But it can also be the best cure for both your stress and psoriasis. If you have good control of your condition, you get rid of the core cause of your stress.
system: Should I trust my doctor if I have psoriasis?
output: To ease stress, you need to have faith in your doctor to work out the best plan for your treatment. You are partners. If you don't feel like you are, or if you have doubts about your treatment plan, see another doctor.
system: How do stress and psoriasis go together?
output: Stress can make psoriasis worse, and psoriasis can make you stressed. But there are ways to ease stress that may help your psoriasis, too.
system: Should I get professional help if I have psoriasis?
output: If you find stress and psoriasis hard to handle -- or feel very anxious or depressed -- see a mental health therapist. A therapist can help you manage some of the hard emotional issues that stem from life with psoriasis. A therapist can also teach you useful ways to calm stress.
system: How does life with a chronic condition cause stress related to psoriasis?
output: Sometimes psoriasis can wear you down. You may also sometimes find yourself anxious about the future.
system: How can getting professional help from a mental health therapist treat stress and psoriasis?
output: If you don't feel like you are, or if you have doubts about your treatment plan, see another doctor. A therapist can help you manage some of the hard emotional issues that stem from life with psoriasis. A therapist can also teach you useful ways to calm stress.
system: How does stigma of psoriasis cause stress?
output: Stress can make psoriasis worse, and psoriasis can make you stressed. Any aspect of being social can be stressful, from going on a date to shaking someone's hand.
system: How can getting treatment help with stress and psoriasis?
output: But it can also be the best cure for both your stress and psoriasis. If you have good control of your condition, you get rid of the core cause of your stress. Treatment.
system: Why does my baby have a fever?
output: A fever isn't an illness -- it's considered a symptom of one. A fever usually indicates that the body is fighting an illness and the immune system is functioning. If your baby has a fever, in most instances it means he has probably picked up a cold or other viral infection. Although they are less common in infants, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, ear infection or a more serious infection such as a blood bacterial infection or meningitis, may be causing a fever. Other causes of fever in babies include: Reaction to a vaccination Becoming overheated from being dressed too warmly or spending too much time outside on a hot day One common sign of fever in babies is a warm forehead, although not having a warm forehead doesn't mean that your baby doesn't have a fever.
system: What should I do if my baby has a fever?
output: If your baby is under age 1 month and has a fever, contact your child's health care provider right away. For older babies, try these tips: Bathe your child with lukewarm water -- always check the temperature of the water on your wrist before washing your baby. Dress your baby in a light layer of clothes. Give your baby enough fluids to avoid dehydration. Those fluids should be breast milk, formula, an electrolyte solution, or water, depending on the baby's age. Contact your baby's health care provider for guidelines. A dehydrated baby may have fewer wet diapers, no tears with crying, or a dry mouth.
system: How do I take my baby's temperature with a rectal thermometer?
output: To take a rectal temperature, first make sure the thermometer is clean. Wash it with soap and water or wipe it off with rubbing alcohol. Lay your baby on the belly or on the back with legs bent toward the chest. Apply a little bit of petroleum jelly around the thermometer bulb and gently insert it about 1 inch into the rectal opening. Hold the digital thermometer in place for about two minutes until you hear the "beep." Then gently remove the thermometer and read the temperature.
system: When should I call the doctor about my baby's fever?
output: According to the AAP, call your doctor if your baby: Is under age 3 months and has a fever; if your baby is under 2 months and has a fever, it is considered an emergency. Seek immediate medical care. Is lethargic and not responsive Has problems breathing or eating Is very cranky, fussy or difficult to calm down Has a rash Shows signs of dehydration, such as fewer wet diapers, dry mouth, no tears with crying, or sunken soft spot on the head Has a seizure It can be difficult for doctors to tell whether a newborn has a simple virus (like a cold), or a more serious infection (like UTI, pneumonia or meningitis).
system: What can I give my baby for a fever?
output: If your child is older than 6 months and your doctor says it is OK, you can give your baby either children's Tylenol or ibuprofen ( Advil or Motrin). Never give babies aspirin for a fever because of the risk for a rare but potentially dangerous condition called Reye's syndrome. Also, do not give a baby under age 6 months Advil, Motrin, or other medicines that contain ibuprofen. Be sure to ask your doctor about the dosage and read the package instructions before giving your baby a fever-reducing medicine.
system: When does my baby have a fever?
output: Most doctors consider a rectal temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher as a fever.
system: What are signs my baby has a fever?
output: Other causes of fever in babies include: Reaction to a vaccination Becoming overheated from being dressed too warmly or spending too much time outside on a hot day One common sign of fever in babies is a warm forehead, although not having a warm forehead doesn't mean that your baby doesn't have a fever. Your baby may also be crankier and fussier than usual. Other symptoms associated with fever in babies include: Poor sleeping Poor eating Lack of interest in play Less active or even lethargic Convulsions or seizures You can take a child's temperature a few different ways, such as via the rectum (rectally), mouth (orally), ear, under the arm (axillary), or at the temples.
system: How does the doctor know if my newborn has a virus or serious infection due to a fever?
output: Is lethargic and not responsive Has problems breathing or eating Is very cranky, fussy or difficult to calm down Has a rash Shows signs of dehydration, such as fewer wet diapers, dry mouth, no tears with crying, or sunken soft spot on the head Has a seizure It can be difficult for doctors to tell whether a newborn has a simple virus (like a cold), or a more serious infection (like UTI, pneumonia or meningitis). That's why doctors will sometimes order special tests (such as blood or urine tests, and/or a chest X-ray and spinal tap) to pinpoint the exact cause of an infant fever, and to look for more serious infections in young babies.
system: How do I take my baby's temperature?
output: Other symptoms associated with fever in babies include: Poor sleeping Poor eating Lack of interest in play Less active or even lethargic Convulsions or seizures You can take a child's temperature a few different ways, such as via the rectum (rectally), mouth (orally), ear, under the arm (axillary), or at the temples. Mercury thermometers should not be used because they pose a risk of mercury exposure and poisoning if they break. Rectal thermometers provide the most accurate temperature readings, and can be easiest to take in an infant. Typically, babies can't hold an oral thermometer in place, and the reading of an ear, temporal, or underarm thermometer are not as accurate. Hold the digital thermometer in place for about two minutes until you hear the "beep."
system: What is the conventional medicine for gallstones?
output: Of the various conventional treatments that are available, surgical removal of the gallbladder is the most widely used.
system: How are gallstones treated?
output: In most cases, treatment of gallstones is considered necessary only if you are having symptoms. Of the various conventional treatments that are available, surgical removal of the gallbladder is the most widely used. Some alternative treatments have also been found to be effective in alleviating the symptoms of troublesome gallstones.
system: How is surgery done to treat gallstones today and how effective is it?
output: Patients faced a two- or three-day hospital stay plus several weeks of recovery at home. Today, however, the most commonly used surgical technique is a much simpler approach known as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The doctor makes several small incisions in the abdomen, then uses special pencil-thin instruments to remove the gallbladder. A tiny microscope and video camera, snaked through the incision to the site, allow the surgeon to view the operation. Laparoscopic surgery is highly effective and very safe. It has reduced the hospital stay to a day or two. Patients report less pain and are generally able to resume a normal lifestyle in a short period of time. However, people who are obese or who have a severe infection or inflammation in the gallbladder may still be considered candidates for traditional open surgery.