laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How do sex hormones make dry eye more likely in women?
output: If you're a woman, you're more likely to get dry eye, especially as you get older. That's because your levels of estrogen and other sex hormones change so much over your lifetime. For instance, you have a greater chance of getting dry eye when you go through menopause.
system: How can the thyroid hormone cause dry eyes?
output: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. Changes in your levels of thyroid hormone, which is made by the thyroid gland in your neck, can also cause dry eye. The changes can be due to a thyroid-related autoimmune disease. If you have one, the immune system -- your body's defense against germs -- mistakenly thinks your thyroid gland is an enemy and attacks it. For instance, Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that's linked in its early stages with high thyroid levels, but over time or after treatment may have low thyroid levels. People who have it may have trouble closing their eyelids, don't blink often enough, and also can't keep their tear levels up. The eyes may actually bulge forward. All of these problems can lead to dry eye. Hashimoto's disease is another autoimmune disorder that causes low thyroid levels and dry eye.
system: How does testosterone cause dry eyes?
output: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. Dry eye may also be made better or worse by androgens, "male" hormones like testosterone, which both men and women make. For instance, women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) often have dry eye. The disorder causes cysts and problems with ovulation because of too much androgens. Whether you're a man or woman, lower androgen levels may affect how well certain glands make tears or the oily film that keeps the surface of your eye moist.
system: How does insulin cause dry eyes?
output: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. If you have diabetes, either type 1 or type 2, there's a good chance you'll also get dry eye. The reason may have to do with the amount of insulin you have. Low insulin levels make it harder for your lacrimal gland to make tears. Taking insulin may reverse some of these problems.
system: How do hormones cause dry eyes?
output: These chemical messengers travel all over the body, so it's no surprise they can also affect your eyes. It does seem that women who take only estrogen are more likely to get dry eye, while those who take a combo of estrogen and progesterone (another female sex hormone) are less likely to get it. The changes can be due to a thyroid-related autoimmune disease.
system: How do female sex hormones cause dry eyes?
output: That's because your levels of estrogen and other sex hormones change so much over your lifetime. If you're pregnant, you're also more likely to get dry eye because of hormone changes. Experts aren't sure exactly how changing hormones affect dry eye.
system: How is a colonoscopy performed?
output: You'll get sedatives through an IV in your arm, and you'll go to sleep. During the procedure, the doctor puts a tube-like instrument called a colonoscope into your rectum. It's long but only about a half-inch across. It has a light and video camera on the tip so the doctor can see the lining of your colon and tell if there is any problem. The colonoscope also includes a tube that lets your doctor pump in air and inflate your colon. This will give him a better view of your colon and its lining. During the exam, your doctor can use a small snare in the colonoscope to take tiny samples of your colon for testing, which is called a biopsy. He can also use it to take out abnormal growths called polyps.
system: Why do I need a heart biopsy?
output: Your doctor uses a heart biopsy to: Evaluate or confirm the presence of rejection after a heart transplant. Diagnose myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) or certain other cardiac disorders such as cardiomyopathy or cardiac amyloidosis if common diagnostic tools like echocardiogram, EKG, or chest X-rays are not as helpful, or if a patient's heart condition is dramatically worsening without apparent cause.
system: What are the risks of a heart biopsy?
output: The bioptome is used to obtain samples of the heart muscle.
system: What is a heart biopsy?
output: A heart biopsy, also called myocardial biopsy or cardiac biopsy, is an invasive procedure to detect heart disease.
system: What can I expect after a heart biopsy?
output: Before you go home, a health care provider will tell you how to care for the wound site and when you can return to your regular activities. When the results of the heart biopsy are available, your doctor will discuss them with you. If the results are negative, it means the heart tissue that was analyzed looked normal. A positive biopsy result could mean a cause of heart failure was found, such as inflammation due to an infection. If the biopsy followed a heart transplant, it may indicate the presence of rejection cells.
system: What can I expect during a heart biopsy?
output: Ask your doctor what medications should be taken on the day of your heart biopsy. A mild sedative medication will be given before the procedure to help you relax, but you will be awake during the procedure. The doctor will use a local anesthetic to numb the area of your neck. A plastic introducer sheath (a short, hollow tube through which the catheter is placed) is inserted through a small incision and into a blood vessel in the neck. A bioptome is inserted through the sheath and threaded to the right ventricle. X-rays, called fluoroscopy, are used to position the bioptome properly. The bioptome is used to obtain samples of the heart muscle. When the samples have been collected, the catheter and sheath will be removed and firm pressure will be held over the area to stop bleeding.
system: How should I prepare for a heart biopsy?
output: Your doctor or nurse will give you specific instructions about what you can and cannot eat or drink before the procedure. Please bring a list of all of your medications and the current dosages with you. If you have diabetes, ask your doctor how to adjust your medications the day of your test. Tell your doctor and/or nurses if you are allergic to anything. Arrange for someone to drive you home after the test, as you may be groggy from the sedative given to numb the site where the catheter is inserted.
system: How can staying active help you if you have psoriatic arthritis?
output: It's good for your mood as well as your joints. If simple activities like walking are hard, get in the pool. The water supports your weight, so you can move more easily and without impact on your joints. Consider yoga, tai chi, or qi gong, too. These gentle, meditative practices help you find a sense of centered calm and keep you flexible.
system: What is Felbamate (Felbatol)?
output: Felbamate ( Felbatol) Treats partial seizures alone and some partial and generalized seizures in Lennox- Gastaut Syndrome; is used rarely and only when no other medications have been effective. Side effects include decreased appetite, weight loss, inability to sleep, headache, and depression. Although rare, the drug may cause bone marrow or liver failure. Therefore, the use of the drug is limited and patients taking it must have blood cell counts and liver tests regularly during therapy. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy.
system: What is Carbamazepine (Carbatrol or Tegretol)?
output: Carbamazepine ( Carbatrol or Tegretol) First choice for partial, generalized tonic-clonic and mixed seizures Common adverse effects include fatigue, vision changes, nausea, dizziness, rash. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Side effects include dizziness, headache, and nausea.
system: What is Pregabalin (Lyrica)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Pregabalin ( Lyrica) Used with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures, but is used more often to treat neuropathic pain. Side effects include dizziness, sleepiness (somnolence), dry mouth, peripheral edema, blurred vision, weight gain, and difficulty with concentration/attention.
system: What is Valproate, valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Topiramate ( Topamax) Used with other drugs to treat partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Valproate, valproic acid ( Depakene, Depakote) Used to treat partial, absence, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, hair loss, weight gain, depression in adults, irritability in children, reduced attention, a decrease in thinking speed. Over the long term, the drug can cause bone thinning, swelling of the ankles, irregular menstrual periods. More rare and dangerous effects include hearing loss, liver damage, decreased platelets (clotting cells), and pancreas problems.
system: What are epilepsy drug guidelines?
output: Felbamate ( Felbatol) Treats partial seizures alone and some partial and generalized seizures in Lennox- Gastaut Syndrome; is used rarely and only when no other medications have been effective. It may take several months before the best drug and dosage are determined for you. It is very important to keep your follow-up appointments with your doctor and the lab to minimize your risk for serious side effects and prevent complications. When seizures continue despite treatment for epilepsy, it may be because the episodes thought to be seizures are non-epileptic. In such cases, you should get a second opinion from a specialist and have EEG-video monitoring so the diagnosis can be re-evaluated.
system: What is Brivaracetam (Briviact)?
output: Brivaracetam ( Briviact) Approved for use as an add-on treatment to other medications in treating partial onset seizures in patients age 16 years and older. Possible side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy.
system: What is Tiagabine (Gabitril)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Tiagabine ( Gabitril) Used with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures with or without generalized seizures Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irritability, anxiety, and confusion.
system: What is Levetiracetam (Keppra)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Levetiracetam ( Keppra) It is combined with other epilepsy drugs to treat partial seizures, primary generalized seizures and myoclonic (shock-like jerks of muscle) seizures. Side effects include tiredness, weakness, and behavioral changes.
system: What is Oxcarbazepine (Oxtellar XR, Trileptal )?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Oxcarbazepine ( Oxtellar XR, Trileptal ) Used to treat partial seizures, it is a once-daily medicine used alone or with other medications to control seizures. Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, headache, vomiting, double vision , and balance problems.
system: What is Phenobarbital?
output: Phenobarbitol Oldest epilepsy medicine still in use. It is used to treat most forms of seizures and is known for its effectiveness and low cost. Side effects can be sleepiness or changes in behavior. It is also used with absence seizures.
system: What is Lacosamide (VIMPAT)?
output: Possible side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. VIMPAT can be used alone or with other drugs.
system: What is Lamotrigine (Lamictal)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Lamotrigine ( Lamictal) Treats partial, some generalized seizures and mixed seizures. Has few side effects, but rarely people report dizziness, insomnia, or rash.
system: Are there drugs for epilepsy that treat seizures?
output: For 70% of patients with epilepsy, drugs can control seizures. The type of medication prescribed will also depend on several factors specific to each patient, such as which side effects can be tolerated, other illnesses he or she may have, and which delivery method is acceptable.
system: What is Zonisamide (Zonegran)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Zonisamide ( Zonegran ) Used with other drugs to treat partial, generalized and myoclonic seizures Adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, unsteady gait, kidney stones, abdominal discomfort, headache, and rash.
system: What is Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Phenytoin ( Dilantin) Controls partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures; also can be given by vein (intravenously) in the hospital to rapidly control active seizures, although if the drug is being delivered by IV, fosphenytoin ( Cerebyx) is usually used. Side effects include dizziness, fatigue, slurred speech, acne, rash, gum thickening, and increased hair (hirsutism). Over the long term, the drug can cause bone thinning.
system: What is Perampanel (Fycompa)?
output: Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy. Perampanel ( Fycompa) The drug is approved to treat partial onset seizures and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in those age 12 and older. The label carries a warning of potential serious events including irritability, aggression, anger, anxiety, paranoia, euphoric mood, agitation, and changes in mental status.
system: What is Eslicarbazepine (Aptiom)?
output: Eslicarbazepine ( Aptiom) This drug is a once-a-day medication used alone or in combination with other anti-seizure drugs to treat partial-onset seizures. The most common side effects include dizziness, nausea, headache, vomiting, fatigue, vertigo, ataxia, blurred vision, and tremor. Lacosamide ( VIMPAT) This drug is approved to treat partial-onset seizures in adults with epilepsy.
system: How can your doctor help you with fibromyalgia?
output: If you have fibromyalgia, your doctor may give you pain relievers, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, or drugs that help you sleep, depending on your symptoms.
system: How can pregabalin (Lyrica) help with treating fibromyalgia?
output: The FDA has approved three prescription medications to help treat fibromyalgia pain: Pregabalin ( Lyrica) was first used to treat seizures and nerve pain linked to diabetes. It affects nerve cells that help send pain signals. But it can cause side effects like sleepiness, dizziness, blurred vision, and trouble concentrating. It also may lead to weight gain, swelling in your hands and feet, and dry mouth. A small number of people have an allergic reaction to it.
system: How is fibromyalgia different from arthritis?
output: Fibromyalgia causes pain, soreness, and fatigue, often in the joints and muscles. It affects nerve cells that help send pain signals.
system: How can milnacipran (Savella) help with treating fibromyalgia?
output: It affects nerve cells that help send pain signals. But it can cause side effects like sleepiness, dizziness, blurred vision, and trouble concentrating. Massage therapy may relax your muscles, lower your heart rate, and ease stress.
system: What are tips to make living with fibromyalgia easier?
output: It also may raise your heart rate or blood pressure. Some other drugs used to treat depression or other conditions may also help with fibromyalgia symptoms. Ask your doctor if any of those might work for you. Try to get 7 to 8 hours each night, and take time to relax every day. Massage therapy may relax your muscles, lower your heart rate, and ease stress.
system: What happens to your leg if DVT is formed?
output: Your leg could: Swell Hurt or feel tender, maybe like a cramp Feel warm Look red or discolored Have veins that stick out If a clot moves to your lungs, you may: Cough up blood Have pain in your chest Feel your heart beat fast Have trouble breathing Hurt when you breathe Call your doctor if you notice anything unusual or worrisome after a leg injury.
system: What will happen if blood clot moves to your lungs?
output: Your leg could: Swell Hurt or feel tender, maybe like a cramp Feel warm Look red or discolored Have veins that stick out If a clot moves to your lungs, you may: Cough up blood Have pain in your chest Feel your heart beat fast Have trouble breathing Hurt when you breathe Call your doctor if you notice anything unusual or worrisome after a leg injury.
system: How quickly will I see benefits from quitting smoking?
output: After 20 minutes of not smoking: Your blood pressure and pulse rate begin to decrease. Circulation and the temperature of your hands and feet begin to increase. After 12 hours of not smoking: The carbon monoxide level in your blood returns to normal. After 2 weeks to 3 months of not smoking: Your body circulates blood better Your lungs function better After one to nine months of not smoking: Coughing and shortness of breath lessen After one year of not smoking: Your risk of heart disease decreases to half that of a smoker's risk. After five years of not smoking: Your risk of getting mouth, throat, or esophaguscancer drops to half that of a smoker.
system: How can I quit smoking if I have asthma?
output: Before you quit all at once ("cold turkey"), setting a plan will help: Pick a date to stop smoking, and then prepare for it. You will come to know what triggers you to smoke. Record what you do when you smoke. List your reasons for quitting. Ask your doctor about using nicotine replacement products such as gum, lozenges patches, inhalers or nasal sprays. Nicotine-free prescription medications , like Chantix and Zyban, can also help you quit smoking. Change activities that were connected to smoking. Seek support for quitting.
system: How can I keep from smoking when I'm trying to quit?
output: Find activities to replace smoking. Then follow these helpful tips: Don't focus on what you are missing. Tell yourself you are a great person for quitting. When you get the urge to smoke, take a deep breath. Keep your hands busy. Don't carry a lighter, matches, or cigarettes. Go to places that don't allow smoking, such as museums and libraries. Avoid alcoholic drinks. Exercise. Hang out with non-smokers. Seek support for quitting. After 15 years of not smoking: Your risk of heart disease decreases to that of a nonsmoker.
system: How do you take proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
output: You need to take PPIs once a day on an empty stomach so they'll work best. Usually you'll take the medicine every morning, about 30 to 60 minutes before you eat breakfast, to control stomach acid. Talk to your doctor before taking the PPI called omeprazole ( Prilosec OTC) if you take clopidogrel ( Plavix) - a drug used to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Taking the two drugs may make clopidogrel less effective.
system: What is heartburn?
output: Heartburn, sometimes called acid indigestion, is a painful, burning feeling in the middle of your chest or the upper part of your stomach. The pain, which can also spread to your neck, jaw, or arms, can last just a few minutes or stick with you for hours.
system: What over the counter medications treat hemorrhoids?
output: Medications include creams, suppositories, pads, and ointments. Most products contain witch hazel or hydrocortisone, which can help stop the itching and swelling and may ease pain. Most over-the-counter medications should not be used for more than a week. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about which is the best option for you.
system: What causes bloating?
output: When gas builds up in your stomach and intestines, you may have bloating -- swelling in your belly and a feeling of fullness. It may happen to you more often if you have: A stomach infection Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS). This digestive condition causes stomach pain, cramping, and diarrhea or constipation. Celiac disease ( When people with this condition eat gluten, their bodies produce antibodies that attack the intestinal lining.) Hormonal changes that happen around women's periods Constipation While bloating is usually just uncomfortable, it can sometimes cause pain in your belly or sides.
system: Which foods cause gas?
output: You've probably noticed you feel gassy after eating certain foods. Cut back on the common culprits: Apples Asparagus Beans Broccoli Brussels sprouts Cabbage Cauliflower Milk and dairy products Mushrooms Onions Peaches Pears Prunes Wheat What causes bloating?
system: What are the complications of frequent heartburn and GERD?
output: Over time, heartburn that isn't treated or controlled well by lifestyle changes or medicine may cause serious problems, including: Breathing problems like asthma, nighttime choking, and repeated pneumonia Changes in the cells that line the esophagus, called Barrett's esophagus. This can possibly lead to cancer of the esophagus. Painful inflammation of the esophagus called esophagitis Narrowing of the esophagus, called an esophageal stricture. This can cause problems swallowing.
system: What is gas?
output: Gas is a normal part of healthy digestion. Air that is in your digestive tract is either released through your mouth as a burp or through your anus as gas. You typically pass gas 13 to 21 times a day.
system: What are proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
output: PPIs are used to prevent frequent heartburn that happens more than twice a week. They work by lowering the amount of acid your stomach makes. Often, they work better than H2 blockers. You also can take these drugs for a longer period of time than H2 blockers. PPIs are available over the counter and by prescription.
system: What are the side effects of H2 blockers?
output: The most common side effects are mild and include: Constipation Diarrhea Headache Nausea or vomiting Proton- Pump Inhibitors ( PPIs) What are PPIs?
system: What is insoluble fiber?
output: Sources include: Apples Citrus fruits Lentils Nuts Oatmeal Psyllium Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water. Think of it as a broom: It helps keep food and waste moving through your body. Because insoluble fiber attracts water in your gut, it makes stools softer and easier to pass. Eating a diet rich in insoluble fiber can help with constipation. Sources include: Carrots Cauliflower Legumes Potatoes Whole grains Women should get about 25 grams of fiber per day. Men should get 38 grams. If you have trouble getting enough fiber from foods, your doctor may suggest you take fiber supplements.
system: Should I take a probiotic supplement?
output: People with certain conditions shouldn't take them, and some probiotics may affect how well your other medications work. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about whether probiotic supplements are right for you.
system: When should I call my doctor about constipation?
output: If you are constipated for more than 2 weeks, are losing weight, have blood in your stool, or you are having severe pain, see your doctor. These may be signs of a serious problem.
system: Can exercise cause heartburn?
output: But some types of exercise can trigger the burning sensation. You'll be less likely to reach for your heartburn medicine if you avoid crunches and inverted poses in yoga. You may need to find alternatives to high-impact workouts. For example, bicycle or swim instead of going for a run.
system: What is gastroesophageal reflux disease, (GERD)?
output: But when you have it frequently (at least twice a week for a few weeks), or when it begins to interfere with your daily life or damage your esophagus, your doctor may tell you that you have a long-term condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. It's also known as acid reflux disease. Heartburn is the most common symptom of GERD.