laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How are UTIs treated?
output: Complicated UTIs happen in people with abnormal urinary tracts or when antibiotics cannot treat the bacteria causing the infection. In this case, you may get tests such as: Blood tests X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasound to show your urinary tract Cystoscopy, in which your doctor inserts a long, thin instrument into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of your body) to look inside your bladder Intravenous pyelogram, an X-ray test that uses dye so your doctor can better see your urinary system. You might take antibiotics for a longer time, depending on what caused the infection and how long you've had your UTI, or if you have an infection that won't go away. Men usually have to take antibiotics for weeks if the infection is in their prostate. That's important to do to make sure the infection doesn't cause serious problems. You'll need to take all the pills in your prescription and follow the instructions to take them on time -- even after you start to feel better. If you have bladder pain and pain when you urinate, you may get a bladder anesthetic to curb irritation of the bladder and urethra. Depending on which bladder pain medication you take, it may change the color of your urine to reddish-orange or even blue.
system: How do doctors diagnose and treat UTIs?
output: A urine culture is another test that can find the type of bacteria that caused the infection, which will help your doctor choose an antibiotic to give you. In this case, you may get tests such as: Blood tests X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasound to show your urinary tract Cystoscopy, in which your doctor inserts a long, thin instrument into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of your body) to look inside your bladder Intravenous pyelogram, an X-ray test that uses dye so your doctor can better see your urinary system. If you're pregnant and you have a UTI, be sure to see your doctor promptly before it causes problems with your pregnancy.
system: Can allergies cause pinkeye?
output: You also should check with a doctor if these are among the symptoms: Fever Pain Changes in vision Take note of when the eye problems and any other symptoms show up. If you have to consult your doctor, he will want to know this. An allergy may cause you to get pinkeye often. Your doctor can give you tests that may find the trigger. If it's something in the house, you can make changes to help prevent pinkeye in the future.
system: Which eye drops are used to treat a pinkeye?
output: The itching can also be helped with over-the-counter eye drops. Here are some tips: Look for the kind that say âlubricatingâ or âartificial tears.â Avoid eye drops advertised to treat âred eyes.â These drops can mask the true course of the pinkeye. If you have pinkeye that's caused by allergies, try refrigerating the drops.
system: How do you keep pinkeye from spreading?
output: The two most important things for everyone in your household to remember are: Wash your hands, and often. Try not to touch your eyes. It's also helpful to change towels and pillowcases often, and use hot water when you wash them. Never share towels or pillows with someone who has pinkeye.
system: Should I wash my clothes more if I have pinkeye?
output: You may need to throw away your contact lenses and case, because bacteria or viruses may be living in it and you can reinfect yourself If the problem is allergic conjunctivitis, it's very important to wash clothes and pillowcases often. Showering or bathing before bed might help, too. If you know the source of the allergy, always try to avoid it.
system: When should you see a doctor about pinkeye?
output: If there's no sign of relief after you've tried home remedies for a few days, call your pediatrician or your family's eye doctor. You also should check with a doctor if these are among the symptoms: Fever Pain Changes in vision Take note of when the eye problems and any other symptoms show up. If you have to consult your doctor, he will want to know this. An allergy may cause you to get pinkeye often. Your doctor can give you tests that may find the trigger. If it's something in the house, you can make changes to help prevent pinkeye in the future.
system: How soon can you wear contacts if you have pinkeye?
output: The symptoms may last a week or 10 days, maybe longer, but they usually go away without your having to go to the doctor. You may need to throw away your contact lenses and case, because bacteria or viruses may be living in it and you can reinfect yourself If the problem is allergic conjunctivitis, it's very important to wash clothes and pillowcases often.
system: Do I have to go to the doctor for pinkeye?
output: If you have pinkeye, or your child has it, you may be tempted to rush to a doctor right away. But that may not be necessary. The symptoms may last a week or 10 days, maybe longer, but they usually go away without your having to go to the doctor.
system: How do you treat pinkeye at home?
output: If you only have pinkeye in one eye, keep the compress away from the other one, or it could get infected. If a warm compress feels better, then use warm water. Don't make it too hot â that could make your pinkeye worse and burn your eyelid skin. Use a compress for a few minutes at a time, several times a day. Make sure no one else uses the cloth. You may need to throw away your contact lenses and case, because bacteria or viruses may be living in it and you can reinfect yourself If the problem is allergic conjunctivitis, it's very important to wash clothes and pillowcases often. Try not to touch your eyes. It's also helpful to change towels and pillowcases often, and use hot water when you wash them.
system: What can you do to prevent pinkeye?
output: There are some easy steps you can take to ease the symptoms of pinkeye. The two most important things for everyone in your household to remember are: Wash your hands, and often. Try not to touch your eyes. It's also helpful to change towels and pillowcases often, and use hot water when you wash them. Never share towels or pillows with someone who has pinkeye.
system: How can your doctor tell if you have sinus headaches?
output: Usually your doctor can tell if your sinuses are blocked based on the symptoms you describe and a physical exam, but in some cases, you may need CT or MRI scans.
system: Are sinus headaches similar to any other types of headaches?
output: At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches. Because the treatment you need depends on what kind of headache you have, it's important to figure out if your symptoms are caused by your sinuses. If a sinus blockage, such as an infection, really is the cause, you'll likely have a fever.
system: What can happen if you take too many medicines for treating headaches?
output: If you take decongestant and pain-relieving medicines too often, you might get medication overuse headaches. It's important to touch base with your doctor if you're using any medication for a long time to relieve your headaches. Decongestants also can raise your blood pressure, so if you have high blood pressure, talk to your doctor before you take one.
system: How do you know if you have sinus headaches?
output: You'll feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose. The pain usually gets stronger when you move your head suddenly or strain. At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches.
system: What are the symptoms of a sinus headache?
output: You'll feel a deep and constant pain in your cheekbones, forehead, or the bridge of your nose. The pain usually gets stronger when you move your head suddenly or strain. At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches.
system: What are often mistaken for sinus headaches?
output: At the same time, you might have other sinus symptoms, such as: A runny nose Feeling of fullness in your ears Fever Swelling in your face Other kinds of recurring headaches, like migraines or tension headaches, are often mistaken for sinus headaches. Because the treatment you need depends on what kind of headache you have, it's important to figure out if your symptoms are caused by your sinuses. If a sinus blockage, such as an infection, really is the cause, you'll likely have a fever.
system: Is sinus surgery used to treat a sinus headache?
output: In rare cases, he may recommend sinus surgery to remove polyps or open up small or constantly swollen sinuses.
system: Can pain relievers treat a sinus headache?
output: You can also take pain relievers, or if they don't help, your doctor can prescribe corticosteroids to ease the inflammation in your sinuses. If an allergic reaction causes your sinus flare-ups, you might need a preventive allergy treatment.
system: Can I treat a sinus headache at home?
output: You can also feel better with simple at-home tricks, such as drinking more fluids, using a humidifier, or saltwater nasal spray.
system: What can you take to treat sinus headaches?
output: You can also take pain relievers, or if they don't help, your doctor can prescribe corticosteroids to ease the inflammation in your sinuses. If an allergic reaction causes your sinus flare-ups, you might need a preventive allergy treatment. You can also feel better with simple at-home tricks, such as drinking more fluids, using a humidifier, or saltwater nasal spray.
system: How are sinus headaches treated?
output: You might take antibiotics, as well as antihistamines or decongestants for a short time. You can also use inhaled nasal decongestants, but only for up to 3 days. Longer use can make your symptoms worse. You usually have to treat the two conditions separately.
system: What are two categories of dwarfism?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } There are two main categories of dwarfism -- disproportionate and proportionate. Disproportionate dwarfism is characterized by an average-size torso and shorter arms and legs or a shortened trunk with longer limbs. In proportionate dwarfism, the body parts are in proportion but shortened.
system: What is spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) and what are its features?
output: A less common form of dwarfism, SED affects approximately one in 95,000 babies. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia refers to a group of conditions characterized by a shortened trunk, which may not become apparent until a child is between ages 5 and 10. Other features can include: club feet cleft palate severe osteoarthritis in the hips weak hands and feet barrel-chested appearance Diastrophic dysplasia.
system: What is diastrophic dysplasia, and what are its features?
output: A rare form of dwarfism, diastrophic dysplasia occurs in about one in 100,000 births. People who have it tend to have shortened forearms and calves (this is known as mesomelic shortening). Other signs can include deformed hands and feet limited range of motion cleft palate ears with a cauliflower appearance Skeletal dysplasia is caused by a genetic mutation.
system: What are the causes of dwarfism?
output: Dwarfism can be caused by any of more than 200 conditions. Causes of proportionate dwarfism include metabolic and hormonal disorders such as growth hormone deficiency. The most common types of dwarfism, known as skeletal dysplasias, are genetic. Skeletal dysplasias are conditions of abnormal bone growth that cause disproportionate dwarfism.
system: How is dwarfism diagnosed?
output: Some forms of dwarfism are evident in utero, at birth or during infancy and can be diagnosed through X-rays and a physical exam. A diagnosis of achondroplasia, diastrophic dysplasia, or spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia can be confirmed through genetic testing. In some cases, prenatal testing is done if there is concern for specific conditions.
system: What are signs of dwarfism  in children?
output: Sometimes dwarfism doesn't become evident until later in a child's life, when dwarfism signs lead parents to seek a diagnosis. Here are signs and symptoms to look for in children that indicate a potential for dwarfism: a larger head late development of certain motor skills, such as sitting up or walking breathing problems curvature of the spine bowed legs joint stiffness and arthritis lower back pain or numbness in the legs crowding of teeth Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or lessen some of the problems associated with dwarfism.
system: What is the most common form of dwarfism, and what are its features?
output: The most common form of dwarfism, achondroplasia occurs in about one out of 26,000 to 40,000 babies and is evident at birth. People with achondroplasia have a relatively long trunk and shortened upper parts of their arms and legs. Other features of achondroplasia include: a large head with a prominent forehead a flattened bridge of the nose protruding jaw crowded and misaligned teeth forward curvature of the lower spine bowed legs flat, short, broad feet "double-jointedness" Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias ( SED).
system: What is dwarfism?
output: Although other groups may extend the criteria for certain forms of dwarfism to 5 feet, the average height of an adult with dwarfism is 4 feet. This is a fatal condition that usually results in miscarriage.
system: Who's most likely to get osteoporosis?
output: Some of these risk factors -- such as age and gender -- are not under your control. Osteoporosis is more likely in older people. Women are more likely than men to get osteoporosis. Family history increases the chances that you, too, will develop it. The condition may not have been diagnosed in your parents. However, if one or both had a noticeable amount of height loss, they may have had fractures in the spine, and that could be the result of osteoporosis. If you have a small, thin frame, you are more likely to get osteoporosis.
system: How do doctors diagnose osteoporosis?
output: To make a diagnosis, a doctor will usually take a full medical history, order a bone density test, and possibly other tests. During an exam, your doctor will: Look at your age, consider whether women have reached menopause, whether you have ever broken a bone as an adult, your own family history, and your habits such as drinking, eating, and exercise. Ask about which medications you take. Some, such as corticosteroids, can weaken the bones if taken long term. Measure you to see if you have lost height. The doctor will inspect your spine. If it abnormally curves forward, that could be a sign that you've already had spinal fractures due to osteoporosis.
system: What surgical procedures can be done for osteoporosis?
output: Two surgical procedures, both minimally invasive, can be done for fracture-related back pain: Kyphoplasty involves inserting a balloon to expand the fractured vertebrae. The space created by the balloon is then filled with bone cement. The balloon is withdrawn. Vertebroplasty involves injection of the cement, but without the use of the balloon.
system: How is osteoporosis treated?
output: These drugs help maintain bone density and can reduce fracture risk. If you start taking a bone-maintenance drug, be sure your doctor knows about all other medicines you are on. Some drugs can affect the bones, and your doctor may want to switch you to another drug or adjust the dose. Hormone replacement therapy ( HRT) -- either estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progestin -- can prevent and treat osteoporosis. However, research has shown that hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of breast cancer, heart disease, and stroke in some women.
system: Where are fractures from osteoporosis most common?
output: Fractures from osteoporosis often occur at the hip, wrist, and/or spine. Hip fractures often require surgery. About 700,000 spinal fractures occur a year. Weak bones can lead to a compression fracture in the vertebrae, the bones that form your spine. Over time, these fractures can change the strength and shape of your spine. You may lose height. Spine fractures sometimes can lead to chronic back pain.
system: How common is osteoporosis?
output: Many more are at high risk for the condition. About 50% of women and up to 25% of men over age 50 will break a hip or wrist, or suffer a spinal fracture due to osteoporosis. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends adult women age 50 and younger and adult men age 70 and younger get 400-800 IU of vitamin D and 1,000 mg of calcium daily.
system: How is depression diagnosed?
output: There is no single test that can diagnose depression; however, there are certain patterns that doctors look for in order to make the diagnosis. As a result, your doctor will ask you several questions. Be honest with your answers so that you can receive the care you need.
system: What do I need to know about erectile dysfunction (ED) and depression?
output: Such feelings, if not dealt with, can sometimes lead to clinical depression in men with a biological vulnerability to depression.
system: What are some common treatments for depression?
output: Treatment for depression may include medication, talk therapy, or a combination of both.
system: What are some of the symptoms of depression?
output: Some of the symptoms of depression include: Low self-esteem Loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities (such as sex and hobbies) Fatigue Changes in appetite Sleep disturbances Apathy Drug and/or alcohol use Suicidal thoughts Depression affects the way one feels about oneself and life in general.
system: How does depression affect you?
output: Some of the symptoms of depression include: Low self-esteem Loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities (such as sex and hobbies) Fatigue Changes in appetite Sleep disturbances Apathy Drug and/or alcohol use Suicidal thoughts Depression affects the way one feels about oneself and life in general. People who are depressed cannot simply "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms of depression can last indefinitely. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression get back on track.
system: What should you do if you get depressed about erectile dysfunction (ED)?
output: The first step in overcoming depression is to be honest with yourself, your partner, and your doctor. After depression has been brought out into the open, coping with it will be easier and less stressful. There is no single test that can diagnose depression; however, there are certain patterns that doctors look for in order to make the diagnosis.
system: How can laser surgery help treat a detached retina?
output: The retina is a thin layer of tissue in the back of the eye that is crucial for vision. For different reasons, it can start to peel away from the layer beneath it. If your retina has a hole or tear, but has not started to detach, you won't need those procedures. An eye surgeon points a laser beam into your eye to cause tiny burns around the hole. This creates scars or a âsealâ to wall off the tear to prevent it from developing into a retina detachment.
system: How can an injecting gas in the eye help with treating retinal detachment?
output: The retina is a thin layer of tissue in the back of the eye that is crucial for vision. For different reasons, it can start to peel away from the layer beneath it. Injecting gas in the eye is one possibility to push the retina back in original position. The doctor injects a bubble of gas into the center of your eye, which pushes the retina back. Your body will later absorb the gas over time. Doctors use this method, called pneumatic retinopexy, if the retina has just begun to detach.
system: What are the risks of surgery for retinal detachment?
output: If you have a detached retina, you'll likely need surgery right away to raise the odds of saving your sight in that eye. The surgery itself can cause other problems, though, including: Bleeding Infection Not getting your full vision back Failure to repair the detached retina, which can mean more surgery An increase in eye pressure Before surgery, you and your doctor will talk about its risks and benefits.
system: Can you avoid surgery for retinal detachment?
output: Injecting gas in the eye is one possibility to push the retina back in original position. If your retina has a hole or tear, but has not started to detach, you won't need those procedures. Your doctor may advise the following methods, though, to repair the hole. An eye surgeon points a laser beam into your eye to cause tiny burns around the hole. This creates scars or a âsealâ to wall off the tear to prevent it from developing into a retina detachment. Freezing, which doctors call âcryopexy,â is another possibility. For this procedure, the doctor will numb your eye and then put a small, freezing probe on it. Like laser surgery, the freezing method creates a scar tissue around the hole to correct the problem. Sometimes the retina detaches with no tear. This usually happens if you have a disease or injury that causes fluid to build up behind the retina. In these rare cases, the detached retina may be fixed by treating the disease, and no surgery is needed.
system: Do I need surgery for retinal detachment?
output: Over time, this can cause the retina to lift off the layer below it like wallpaper falling off a wall. Only a doctor can tell you if you have a retinal detachment or a retinal tear. If you do need surgery, there are different types. This usually happens if you have a disease or injury that causes fluid to build up behind the retina. That's why you need to see your doctor right away if you have sudden changes in your vision, especially if you suddenly start to see a lot more âfloatersâ -- these are dots or squiggles that appear before your eyes -- or you see flashes of light or a dark curtain moving into your vision.
system: What is "indenting" as a treatment for retinal detachment?
output: The retina is a thin layer of tissue in the back of the eye that is crucial for vision. For different reasons, it can start to peel away from the layer beneath it. An eye surgeon points a laser beam into your eye to cause tiny burns around the hole. This creates scars or a âsealâ to wall off the tear to prevent it from developing into a retina detachment.
system: How does genital herpes affect pregnancy?
output: Women with genital herpes are examined carefully for any symptoms before giving birth. If sores or signs that an outbreak is coming show up at the time of delivery, the baby may be delivered by cesarean section (also called a C-section).
system: Can I take antiviral drugs for herpes during pregnancy?
output: Women taking antiviral drugs for herpes -- either daily suppressive therapy or occasional therapy for outbreaks -- should consult their doctor about whether to take the drugs during pregnancy. The answer is not set in stone: You and your doctor have to discuss the risks and benefits to decide what's right for you.
system: Where can I find a neti pot?
output: Neti pots are available over-the-counter at many drug stores, health food stores, and online retailers. They usually cost between $15 and $30.
system: Does nasal irrigation with a neti pot ease sinus symptoms?
output: Research backs up these claims, finding that nasal irrigation can be an effective way to relieve sinus symptoms when used along with standard sinus treatments. For some people, nasal irrigation may bring relief of sinus symptoms without the use of medications.