laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: When was islet cell transplantation developed and how successful has it been?
output: Beta cells are one type of cell found in the islets of the pancreas and produce insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. But in 1999, a clinical trial conducted at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, brought new hope. Using enhanced techniques to collect and prepare the extremely fragile donor islet cells, as well as using improved anti-rejection drugs, the researchers achieved a 100% success rate. All of the patients in their trial were freed from the need for insulin for at least one month. However, the success of the '' Edmonton Protocol,'' as it was called, was not as successful in later trials, and the number of islet cell transplantations has decreased in more recent years. The Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry reported in 2009 that 70% of adults with Type I diabetes were free of insulin injections at one year, 50% at two years, and 35% at three years. Researchers are also working to develop methods of transplanting islet cells that will reduce or eliminate the risk of rejection and the need for immunosuppression.
system: What is the purpose of islet cell transplantation for people with diabetes?
output: Once transplanted, the islet cells resume their role of releasing insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels in response to food, exercise, and other changes in the body. Improve the quality of life.
system: What are some symptoms of eczema?
output: People usually have their first eczema symptoms when they're babies. But children and adults can have the condition. No two people have exactly the same symptoms. In general, the disease often appears as skin patches that can be: Very itchy Red Dry Swollen Sore Rashes tend to come and go. With time, they can get crusty and scaly. Some types of eczema can also blister, leak fluid, crack, or peel. An infection or too much scratching can make your symptoms worse. It can even make your skin thick and leathery.
system: Where are the most common places eczema can show up on the body?
output: You can have eczema anywhere on your body, but it often shows up on the: Insides of your elbows Backs of your knees Face, often on the cheeks Behind the ears Buttocks Hands and feet Sometimes, you may have other skin changes along with eczema, such as small raised bumps or hives. Or, you might have an extra fold of skin under your eyes.
system: What is another name for eczema?
output: The way to know for sure whether you have it or not is to see a doctor. Some types of eczema can also blister, leak fluid, crack, or peel.
system: What are some questions to ask the doctor about getting more information about eczema?
output: When you scratch too much, your skin might break open a little. Here are some questions to get you started: What's the cause of my eczema? What's the best way to treat it? Do I need a prescription? Is there anything new that might work better than what I've tried in the past? Can I prevent a new outbreak of eczema? When should I call you about my symptoms?
system: What drugs can branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) interact with?
output: Talk with your doctor first if you are taking: Diabetes medications Parkinson's medications Corticosteroids Thyroid hormone Proglycem (diazoxide) Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.
system: What are the side effects of taking branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
output: When taken up to six months, oral supplements of BCAAs have not often been linked with harmful side effects. However, side effects may include: Nausea Pain Headache Risks.
system: How can you get branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) naturally from foods?
output: You can get branched-chain amino acids from these foods: Whey, milk, and soy proteins Beef, chicken, fish, and eggs Baked beans and lima beans Chickpeas Lentils Whole wheat Brown rice Almonds, Brazil nuts, and cashews Pumpkin seeds Side effects.
system: Why do athletes take branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
output: Athletes may take oral supplements of branched-chain amino acids ( BCAAs) to try to help with recovery from workouts and enhance athletic performance. Studies suggest that BCAAs may prevent muscle breakdown during exercise.
system: What are the risks of taking branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
output: BCAAs may interfere with blood glucose levels during and after surgery. You may also be at increased risk if you have chronic alcoholism or branched-chain ketoaciduria. Also, avoid using BCAAs if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
system: How does human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cervical cancer?
output: Most of the time HPV infections go away on their own in 1 to 2 years. Yet some people stay infected for many years. If you don't treat an HPV infection, it can cause cells inside your cervix to turn into cancer. It can often take between 10 and 30 years from the time you're infected until a tumor forms.
system: How do you get human papillomavirus (HPV)?
output: HPV has been linked to cancers of the: Anus Throat Cervix Penis Vagina Vulva You can catch HPV through oral, vaginal, and anal sex. The virus is so common that most men and women who are sexually active will have HPV at some point. You can pass HPV to your partner even if you don't know you're infected. You can't catch HPV from a toilet set or swimming pool. It also doesn't pass from person to person through casual contact, like shaking hands.
system: What cancers has human papillomavirus (HPV) been linked to?
output: HPV has been linked to cancers of the: Anus Throat Cervix Penis Vagina Vulva You can catch HPV through oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
system: Does human papillomavirus (HPV) have symptoms?
output: Often HPV causes no symptoms. Some types of HPV can cause genital warts. Warts are single bumps, or clusters of bumps that look sort of like cauliflower. Genital warts can form around the: Vagina, vulva, groin, anus, mouth, or throat in women Penis, scrotum, thigh, groin, anus, mouth, or throat in men HPV can also cause cervical cancer. Symptoms of cervical cancer include: Bleeding between periods or after menopause Heavier than normal periods Abnormal discharge from the vagina Pain during sex Cervical cancer often doesn't cause symptoms until it has already spread. That's why it's important to get screened with a Pap test.
system: What are the two types of human papillomavirus (HPV)?
output: Sexually transmitted HPV comes in two different types: Low-risk HPV types cause genital warts on the penis or vagina.
system: Why get a Pap test?
output: If you don't treat an HPV infection, it can cause cells inside your cervix to turn into cancer. One way to avoid HPV and cervical cancer is to get vaccinated. Talk to your doctor about your specific case. During a Pap test, the doctor takes a sample of cells from your cervix. That sample goes to a lab. It's tested to see if any of the cells have started to turn into cancer. Your doctor can also test the cells for HPV. Women should get screened: With a Pap test once every 3 years - beginning at age 21, then at ages 24 and 27 With a Pap test and HPV test from age 30 and every five years thereafter up to age 65 Women can elect to continue Pap testing only every 3 years (without an HPV test) Ask your doctor or gynecologist about your HPV and cervical cancer risks. Find out if you need to get vaccinated. And learn what other steps you can take to avoid cervical cancer.
system: What causes cervical cancer?
output: HPV is the most common type of sexually transmitted disease, or STD. It has been FDA-approved to be given to males and females from ages 27 to 45.
system: What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?
output: But we know for sure that most cervical cancer is caused by a sexually transmitted disease called human papilloma virus, or HPV. It's not one, but a group of more than 200 closely related viruses.
system: Can you prevent human papillomavirus (HPV)?
output: It's also given in 3 doses. Gardasil 9. This vaccine is for boys and girls and is routinely given at 11 or 12 through age 26. It has been FDA-approved to be given to males and females from ages 27 to 45. You need to get all three doses of the HPV vaccine for it to work. Practicing safe sex is another way to avoid getting HPV. Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Condoms don't protect against HPV 100% of the time, but they can help. A Pap test is one way to screen for cervical cancer. Your doctor can also test the cells for HPV.
system: Does high blood sugar cause blurred vision?
output: High blood sugar causes the lens of the eye to swell, which changes your ability to see. To correct this kind of blurred vision, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range. For many people this is from70 mg/d L to 130 mg/d L before meals and less than 180 mg/d L one to two hours after the start of a meal. Ask your doctor what your personal target range should be. Blurred vision can also be a symptom of more serious eye problems. If your vision is blurred, contact your doctor.
system: How often should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes?
output: The American Diabetes Association offers these eye care guidelines for people with diabetes: Adults with type 1 diabetes should have a full dilated eye exam within 5 years of their diagnosis. Adults with type 2 diabetes should have a complete eye exam soon after they have been diagnosed. Get a dilated eye exam if you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant.
system: What can cause blurred vision?
output: High blood sugar causes the lens of the eye to swell, which changes your ability to see. To correct this kind of blurred vision, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range. For many people this is from70 mg/d L to 130 mg/d L before meals and less than 180 mg/d L one to two hours after the start of a meal. Ask your doctor what your personal target range should be. Blurred vision can also be a symptom of more serious eye problems. If your vision is blurred, contact your doctor.
system: How can taking care of yourself help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: It can be draining to look after someone with schizophrenia. You need to make nurturing yourself a top priority every day. It's common for caregivers to feel sad, angry, alone, or afraid of what others will think. Reach out to friends and family, and tell them what you need. They can: Listen to you without judging you Find information and doctors Share hopeful stories, moral support, and spiritual guidance Offer financial assistance Do your housework and babysit your kids Most of all, eat well, get enough sleep, exercise, and take part in fun activities. You can't be âon callâ 24 hours a day. So schedule guilt-free vacations and give yourself a complete break from time to time.
system: How can avoiding stress help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: Activities like yoga, tai chi, and meditation can make both of you feel more relaxed. Try to do them regularly so you can use them in a crisis.
system: How can staying in touch help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: When a person with schizophrenia feels alone, his suicidal thoughts may increase. If you don't live close by, you can help by staying in touch via telephone, text, email, and mail. Sending short notes like postcards and greeting cards can remind him how much you care.
system: How can being goal-oriented help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: A doctor will set up a wellness plan with your loved one that will include specific goals. If you're not sure who to call to get treatment started, try your family doctor, who may refer you to a psychiatrist. Your job as a caregiver is to remind your loved one how important it is to stick to his goals, and to encourage him to stay on his medication. He needs to follow his treatment plan to help prevent the disease from coming back and keep his symptoms from getting worse.
system: How can joining support groups help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: Some things to include are: Your loved one's recent symptoms (what they are and when they started) Any other medical conditions he may have New sources of stress (these can include major life changes) Medications, vitamins, herbs, or any other supplements that he has taken, as well as the dosage Encourage your family member or friend to join a group, and make sure he gets to the meetings. In these support groups, he will be among other people with schizophrenia who will share their experiences. It may help him feel less alone. The Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America ( SARDAA) and National Alliance on Mental Illness ( NAMI) both offer support.
system: How can learning how to respond help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: When someone with schizophrenia has hallucinations (hears or sees things that aren't there) or delusions (believes things that aren't true, even when he gets proof that they're false), he believes they are real. It doesn't help him to challenge his beliefs by saying they're not. Instead, tell him that you each see things in your own way. Be respectful, kind, and supportive, and call his doctor if needed. If he's acting out hallucinations, stay calm, call 911, and tell the dispatcher he has schizophrenia. While you wait for paramedics, don't argue, shout, criticize, threaten, block the doorway, touch him, or stand over him. Also avoid direct eye contact, which could make him feel threatened.
system: How can knowing the signs of suicide help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: Most people with schizophrenia are harmless to others. They're more likely to hurt themselves than anybody else. Sometimes that includes trying to take their own life. You should take any suicidal talk seriously, and pay attention to poems, notes, or any other things your loved one creates that are about death. Also, be suspicious if he suddenly goes from depressed to cheerful. This change could mean he's thinking about suicide. For help on the spot, call your doctor and the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255.
system: How can educating yourself help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: So learn as much as you can. The more information you have, the better prepared you will be to deal with it. You'll also be better able to support your family member with schizophrenia. And that can boost the odds that he will stick with his treatment, even when things gets tough. The Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America ( SARDAA) and National Alliance on Mental Illness ( NAMI) both offer support.
system: How can being ready to respond help someone you love with schizophrenia?
output: If you're not sure who to call to get treatment started, try your family doctor, who may refer you to a psychiatrist. If another person is available, ask them to stay with your loved one while you contact the doctor or 911. If your loved one threatens suicide, don't leave him alone. If his behavior becomes dangerous, immediately call 911 and ask for the police. Tell them he has schizophrenia and explain the situation, but let them handle it. Police are trained to evaluate and manage people with psychotic disorders and other types of emotional distress.
system: What should you do when someone you love has schizophrenia?
output: Giving support to a family member or friend with schizophrenia means helping him get the medical and psychological treatment he needs. But it also means taking care of yourself at the same time. Use these 10 ideas to create an action plan that works for both of you. So learn as much as you can. Ask his doctor as many questions as you need, and keep details. In these support groups, he will be among other people with schizophrenia who will share their experiences. Also avoid direct eye contact, which could make him feel threatened. Call his doctor to let her know what's going on, as well. If you don't live close by, you can help by staying in touch via telephone, text, email, and mail.
system: Should you get up and do something if you wake up in the middle of the night?
output: True: If you wake up in the night and can't fall back to sleep within about 15-20 minutes, get out of bed and do something relaxing. Do not sit in bed and watch the clock. Experts recommend going into another room to read or listen to music. Return to bed only when you feel tired.
system: Does insomnia mean you only have difficulty falling asleep?
output: False: One or more of the following four symptoms are usually associated with insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep Waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep Frequent awakenings Waking up feeling unrefreshed Daytime sleepiness means a person is not getting enough sleep.
system: Can you cheat the amount of sleep you get?
output: False: Sleep experts say that most adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep each night for optimal health. Getting fewer hours of sleep will eventually need to be replenished with additional sleep in the next few nights. Our body does not seem to get used to less sleep than it needs.
system: Does daytime sleepiness mean a person is not getting enough sleep?
output: False: While excessive daytime sleepiness often occurs if you don't get enough sleep, it can also occur even after a good night's sleep. Such sleepiness can be a sign of an underlying medical condition or sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep apnea.
system: Do teens need more sleep than adults?
output: True: Teens need at least 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep each night, compared to an average of seven to nine hours each night for most adults. The internal biological clocks of teenagers can keep them awake later in the evening and can interfere with waking up in the morning.
system: Are health problems related to the amount and quantity of a person's sleep?
output: False: More and more scientific studies are showing correlations between poor quality sleep and/or insufficient sleep with a variety of diseases, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and depression. For example, insufficient sleep can impair the body's ability to use insulin, which can lead to the development of more severe diabetes. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes and sleep apnea have improvement of blood sugar control when treated for sleep apnea. This is also found in patients with high blood pressure and sleep apnea. When the sleep apnea is treated, the blood pressure also improves. In addition, too little sleep may decrease growth hormone secretion, which has been linked to obesity.
system: Does your brain rest during sleep?
output: False: The body rests during sleep, not the brain. The brain remains active, gets recharged, and still controls many body functions including breathing during sleep.
system: Can snoring be harmful?
output: True: Aside from bothering other people, snoring is not harmful. However, it can be a sign of sleep apnea, a sleep disorder that is associated with significant medical problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Sleep apnea is characterized by episodes of reduced or no airflow throughout the night. People with sleep apnea may remember waking up frequently during the night gasping for breath.
system: Do older people need less sleep?
output: False: The average adult needs a total sleep time of seven to nine hours per day. While sleep patterns usually change as we age, the amount of sleep we generally need does not. Older people may sleep less at night due, in part, to frequent night waking, but their need for sleep is no less than that of younger adults.
system: Does getting too little sleep impact weight?
output: True: How much a person sleeps at night can impact their weight. This is because the amount of sleep a person gets can affect certain hormones, specifically the hormones leptin and ghrelin, that affect appetite. Leptin and ghrelin work in a kind of "checks and balances" system to control feelings of hunger and fullness. Ghrelin, which is produced in the gastrointestinal tract, stimulates appetite, while leptin, produced in fat cells, sends a signal to the brain when you are full. When you don't get enough sleep, it drives leptin levels down, which means you don't feel as satisfied after you eat, and increases ghrelin levels, stimulating your appetite so you want more food. The two combined can set the stage for overeating, which in turn may lead to weight gain.
system: What illnesses can you get from mosquito bites?
output: There's no vaccine to prevent the virus.
system: What are precautions for kids who play sports outside in hot weather?
output: Slowly increase the intensity and length of workouts over 10 to 14 days. Children and teens who exercise hard or play sports on hot days should cut back their time on the playing field by taking more frequent breaks, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP). Young athletes should be well hydrated before they begin to play. Then, during play, coaches or parents should make sure children drink often -- even if the children aren't thirsty -- about every 20 minutes.
system: How can you help your child's skin stay healthy and itch-free?
output: Try these tips: Dry the drool. Use fragrance- and dye-free cleansers and soaps. can't fight the urge to scratch that itch. Use lukewarm (not hot) water and avoid bubble baths. Keep baths short (3 to 5 minutes). Then use an ointment or cream, and don't be afraid to slather it on. Dress her in soft cotton fabrics. If you see symptoms of a skin infection -- pus or very red, sore, raised, hot, or crusty skin -- call your doctor.
system: What are the main risk factors for type 1 diabetes?
output: This type usually starts in childhood. Your pancreas stops making insulin. You have type 1 diabetes for life. The main things that lead to it are: Family history. If you have relatives with diabetes, chances are higher that you'll get it, too. Anyone who has a mother, father, sister, or brother with type 1 diabetes should get checked. A simple blood test can diagnose it. Diseases of the pancreas. They can slow its ability to make insulin. Infection or illness. Some infections and illnesses, mostly rare ones, can damage your pancreas.
system: What are some things that can lead to gestational diabetes?
output: Diabetes when you're expecting affects about 4% of all U. S. pregnancies. It's caused by hormones the placenta makes or by too little insulin. High blood sugar from the mother causes high blood sugar in the baby. That can lead to growth and development problems if left untreated. Things that can lead to gestational diabetes include: Obesity or being overweight. Extra pounds can lead to gestational diabetes. Glucose intolerance. Having glucose intolerance or gestational diabetes in the past makes you more likely to get it again. Family history. If a parent or sibling has had gestational diabetes, you're more likely to get it. Age. The older you are when you get pregnant, the higher your chances are. Ethnic background. Nonwhite women have a greater chance of developing it.
system: How many Americans have diabetes?
output: That amounts to about 7 million Americans.
system: What should I do if I am at risk for diabetes?
output: Keep your weight within or near a healthy range.
system: What causes gestational diabetes?
output: Diabetes when you're expecting affects about 4% of all U. S. pregnancies. It's caused by hormones the placenta makes or by too little insulin. High blood sugar from the mother causes high blood sugar in the baby. That can lead to growth and development problems if left untreated.
system: What are the three major types of diabetes?
output: If you have this kind, your body can't use the insulin it makes. Gestational diabetes.