laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the treatments for pneumonia?
output: How your pneumonia is treated depends on what caused it and how bad your symptoms are. If you have bacterial pneumonia, your doctor will give you antibiotics to treat it. He'll also take steps to prevent complications. If your pneumonia was caused by a virus, time and rest are key to your recovery. Viral pneumonia usually gets better on its own in 1 to 3 weeks. But your doctor may recommend treatment that includes: Drinking lots of fluids to loosen the gunk in your lungs Lots of rest Medicines to control your fever (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) If it becomes severe, you may have to stay in the hospital for treatment.
system: What can you expect if your pneumonia becomes severe?
output: How your pneumonia is treated depends on what caused it and how bad your symptoms are. If your pneumonia was caused by a virus, time and rest are key to your recovery. But your doctor may recommend treatment that includes: Drinking lots of fluids to loosen the gunk in your lungs Lots of rest Medicines to control your fever (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) If it becomes severe, you may have to stay in the hospital for treatment. While you're there, your doctor will probably give you fluids or antibiotics through an IV tube. You may even need oxygen therapy or breathing treatments.
system: How should I first treat allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: First, if stung on the hand, remove any rings from your fingers immediately. If stung by a bee, the insect usually leaves a sac of venom and a stinger in your skin. Remove the stinger within 30 seconds to avoid receiving more venom. Gently scrape the sac and stinger out with a fingernail or a stiff-edged object like a credit card. Do not squeeze the sac or pull on the stinger -- this will cause the release of more venom into the skin. Wash the stung area with soap and water and then apply an antiseptic.
system: How can I prevent an allergic reaction?
output: Allergic reactions to insect stings can be prevented with allergy shots (also known as immuntherapy). The treatment is 97% effective in preventing future reactions and involves injecting gradually increasing doses of venom that stimulate your immune system to become resistant to a future allergic reaction. If you've had an allergic reaction, it's important to talk to an allergist, a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. Based on your history and test results, the allergist will determine if you are a candidate for immunotherapy treatment.
system: How can I avoid allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: You can lessen your chances of an insect sting by taking certain precautionary measures: Learn to recognize insect nests and avoid them. Yellow jackets nest in the ground in dirt mounds or old logs and walls. Honeybees nest in beehives. Hornets and wasps nest in bushes, trees, and on buildings. Wear shoes and socks when outdoors. Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes when in wooded areas. Avoid wearing perfumes or brightly colored clothing. They tend to attract insects. If you have severe allergies, you should never be alone when hiking, boating, swimming, golfing, or otherwise involved outdoors, as you may need prompt medical treatment if stung. Use insect screens on windows and doors at home. Use insect repellents. Spray garbage cans regularly with insecticide and keep the cans covered. Avoid or remove insect-attracting plants and vines growing in and around the house. A severely allergic person should always wear a Medic Alert bracelet and keep a self-care kit (described below) on hand for emergency use in the case of severe symptoms.
system: What should I know about allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Bee, wasp, yellow jacket, hornet, or fire ant stings most often trigger allergic reactions. However, most people are not allergic to insect stings and may mistake a normal sting reaction for an allergic reaction. By knowing the difference, you can prevent unnecessary worry and visits to the doctor.
system: What are the symptoms of a mild allergic reaction to insect stings?
output: A mild allergic reaction to an insect sting may cause one or more of the following symptoms at the site of the sting: Pain Redness Mild to moderate swelling Warmth at the sting site Itching People who have experienced a severe systemic allergic reaction to an insect sting have a 60% chance of a similar or worse reaction if they are stung again.
system: What are the different types of allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: The severity of an insect sting reaction varies from person to person. There are three types of reactions -- normal, localized, and allergic: A normal reaction will result in pain, swelling, and redness around the sting site. A large local reaction will result in swelling that extends beyond the sting site. For example, a person stung on the ankle may have swelling of the entire leg. While it often looks alarming, it is generally no more serious than a normal reaction. The most serious reaction to an insect sting is a systemic allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis(described below). This condition requires immediate medical attention.
system: What medications can I take to treat allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: Take an over-the-counter oral antihistamine to reduce itching, swelling, and hives. However, this medication should not be given to children under 2 years of age or to pregnant women without prior approval from a doctor. The antihistamine can also make you drowsy, so do not drive or operate heavy machinery after taking it. To relieve pain, take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) such as ibuprofen.
system: What are the symptoms of allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (called an anaphylactic reaction or anaphylaxis) may include one or more of the following: Difficulty breathing Hives that appear as a red, itchy rash and spread to areas beyond the sting Swelling of the face, throat, lips or tongue Wheezing or difficulty swallowing Restlessness and anxiety Rapid pulse Dizziness or a sharp drop in blood pressure Although severe allergic reactions are not that common, they can lead to shock, cardiac arrest, and unconsciousness in 10 minutes or less. This type of reaction can occur within minutes after a sting and can be fatal. Get emergency treatment as soon as possible.
system: How can I treat swelling from allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: Wash the stung area with soap and water and then apply an antiseptic. If swelling is a problem, apply an ice pack or cold compress to the area.
system: What are epinephrine sting kits for allergic reactions?
output: Do not wait to see if you are having a reaction before administering the pen because by then it may be too late. The two most common have the brand names Ana- Kit and Epi- Pen. However, these kits should not be used as a substitute for medical intervention. You should still see a doctor after being stung. Epinephrine alone is not always enough to reverse serious allergic sting reactions and may cause serious side effects in some people with heart conditions or people who are taking certain drugs. You will need a prescription from your doctor to purchase one of these kits. Each kit has two pens in case a repeat dosage is needed. Carry it with you at all times. Before using, be sure to let your doctor know about any medication you are taking to prevent drug interactions.
system: How common are allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: Many of these individuals are at risk for life-threatening allergic reactions. Approximately 50 deaths each year in the U. S. are attributed to allergic reactions to insect stings. They tend to attract insects.
system: What should I consider when treating allergic reactions to insect stings?
output: Take an over-the-counter oral antihistamine to reduce itching, swelling, and hives. Also, carefully read the warning label on any medicines before taking it. Parents of children and people with medical conditions should consult a pharmacist if they have questions about a drug's use.
system: Are there certain things to keep in mind that can help my speech problems caused by multiple sclerosis?
output: There are other ways to manage your speech problems, too: Don't feel rushed or pressured when you're trying to talk. If you feel comfortable, it may help to let the other person know you have a speech problem. Try to talk with someone face-to-face whenever possible. Your facial expressions and gestures can help you get your point across. If a conversation goes on too long, ask if you can take a break. Try to relax. If you can keep a positive attitude, it might put you and the other person at ease so you won't feel anxious about understanding each other.
system: How can I make swallowing easier if I have multiple sclerosis?
output: Along with therapy, there are things you can do to make swallowing easier: Sit upright at a 90-degree angle, tilt your head slightly forward, or stay sitting or standing upright for 45 to 60 minutes after you eat. Stay focused on the tasks of eating and drinking. Keep distractions away. Don't talk with food in your mouth. Go slowly. Aim to eat about 1/2 teaspoon of your food at a time. You may need to swallow two or three times per bite or sip. If food or liquid catches in your throat, cough gently or clear your throat, and swallow again before you take a breath. Concentrate on swallowing often. Try alternating a bite of food with a sip of liquid. Try different temperatures and textures of liquids. For example, you can make drinks colder or try carbonated beverages. Drink plenty of fluids. Suck on popsicles, ice chips, or lemon-flavored water to get your mouth to make more saliva, which will help you swallow more often. If chewing is hard for you, stay away from foods that need a lot of jaw power. If thin liquids make you cough, try thickening them. You can also substitute thin liquids with thicker ones -- nectars for juices and cream soups for plain broths, for instance. When you take medication, crush your pills and mix them with applesauce or pudding. Ask your pharmacist to let you know which pills you shouldn't crush and which medicines you can buy in a liquid form.
system: What is involved in the diagnosis of speech problems and swallowing problems in multiple sclerosis?
output: Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work.
system: If I have multiple sclerosis can I have speech problems?
output: The kinds of speech problems MS causes can vary depending on which part of the brain is damaged. Someone with the disease might have mild trouble with words or severe problems that make it hard for them to speak and be understood. A problem that's subtle in the beginning might get worse over time.
system: What are the distinctive language problems of people with multiple sclerosis?
output: People with MS usually have a few distinctive language problems: â Scanning" speech, when a person's normal speech pattern is disrupted with long pauses between words or syllables Slurring words. It usually happens because of weak tongue, lip, and mouth muscles. Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work.
system: What are symptoms of speech problems in multiple sclerosis?
output: People with MS usually have a few distinctive language problems: â Scanning" speech, when a person's normal speech pattern is disrupted with long pauses between words or syllables Slurring words. It usually happens because of weak tongue, lip, and mouth muscles. Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work.
system: Will I need a speech therapist to help my swallowing problems from multiple sclerosis?
output: She can figure out which part of your speech is affected and study your breathing control and way you move your lips, tongue, and other parts of your mouth. If muscle stiffness is making it hard for you to speak, medications might help. Your speech therapist might also suggest: Exercises to strengthen or relax your vocal cords or improve how you move your jaw, tongue, and lips Strategies other than speech that can help you communicate with others.
system: Do people with multiple sclerosis often have trouble swallowing?
output: People with multiple sclerosis, or MS, often have trouble swallowing, a problem called dysphagia. It can also lead to speech problems. It happens when the disease damages the nerves in the brain and spinal cord that make these tasks happen. For some people, these problems are mild. Others have a harder time dealing with severe symptoms.
system: If I have multiple sclerosis, can I have trouble swallowing?
output: It can also lead to speech problems. It happens when the disease damages the nerves in the brain and spinal cord that make these tasks happen. For some people, these problems are mild. Others have a harder time dealing with severe symptoms. But treatments and techniques can help you improve your speech and make swallowing easier. Concentrate on swallowing often.
system: What is a modified barium swallow and how is it used to treat swallowing problems caused by multiple sclerosis?
output: Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work. The fluid makes your insides stand out on the image. The test helps your doctor pinpoint where and why you're having trouble swallowing.
system: What is involved in the diagnosis of swallowing problems in multiple sclerosis?
output: Trouble changing tone of voice Nasal-sounding speech Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and do a physical exam, paying attention to how well your tongue and other muscles in your mouth and throat work. The fluid makes your insides stand out on the image. The test helps your doctor pinpoint where and why you're having trouble swallowing.
system: What are my treatment options for speech problems in multiple sclerosis?
output: Someone with the disease might have mild trouble with words or severe problems that make it hard for them to speak and be understood. Your doctor might suggest that you see a speech therapist or a speech-language pathologist. You might focus on using shorter words and phrases or ways to simplify words, sentences, or sounds. Practice controlling your breath. It can help you speak longer sentences in one breath or accent specific words.
system: What are my treatment options for swallowing problems in multiple sclerosis?
output: It can also lead to speech problems. She might suggest changes in diet, positioning of your head, or exercises that can help. In very severe cases, feeding tubes can deliver nutrients and fluids directly into the stomach.
system: What are other causes of diarrhea?
output: Other causes include: Alcohol abuse Allergies to certain foods Diabetes Diseases of the intestines (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Eating foods that upset the digestive system Infection by bacteria (the cause of most types of food poisoning) or other organisms Laxative abuse Medications Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) Radiation therapy Running ( Some people get ârunner's diarrheaâ for reasons that aren't clear.)
system: What can happen if I have diarrhea?
output: You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. That can be a serious problem if it's not treated.
system: When should I call my doctor about my diarrhea?
output: Call your doctor right away if you have: Blood in your diarrhea or black, tarry stools A fever that is high (above 101 F) or that lasts more than 24 hours Diarrhea lasting longer than 2 days Nausea or throwing up that prevents you from drinking liquids to replace lost fluids Severe pain in your belly or rear end Diarrhea after coming back from a foreign country Also, call your doctor right away if you have diarrhea and any of these signs of dehydration: Dark urine Smaller than usual amounts of urine or, in a child, fewer wet diapers than usual Rapid heart rate Headaches Dry skin Crankiness Confusion Your doctor will ask about your medical history and what medications you take, as well as what you've eaten or had to drink recently.
system: When should you call your doctor about diarrhea?
output: Call your doctor right away if you have: Blood in your diarrhea or black, tarry stools A fever that is high (above 101 F) or that lasts more than 24 hours Diarrhea lasting longer than 2 days Nausea or throwing up that prevents you from drinking liquids to replace lost fluids Severe pain in your belly or rear end Diarrhea after coming back from a foreign country Also, call your doctor right away if you have diarrhea and any of these signs of dehydration: Dark urine Smaller than usual amounts of urine or, in a child, fewer wet diapers than usual Rapid heart rate Headaches Dry skin Crankiness Confusion Your doctor will ask about your medical history and what medications you take, as well as what you've eaten or had to drink recently.
system: Can diarrhea cause constipation?
output: Some cancers Surgery on your digestive system Trouble absorbing certain nutrients, also called âmalabsorptionâ Diarrhea may also follow constipation, especially for people who have irritable bowel syndrome.
system: How can I feel better after diarrhea?
output: Your rectal area may become sore because of all the bowel movements that diarrhea brings. You may have itching, burning, or pain when you go to the bathroom. For relief, take a warm bath. Afterward, pat the area dry (don't rub) with a clean, soft towel. You may also try using a hemorrhoid cream or petroleum jelly on the affected area.
system: What are symptoms of diarrhea?
output: You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated.
system: How can you feel better if you have diarrhea?
output: Your rectal area may become sore because of all the bowel movements that diarrhea brings. You may have itching, burning, or pain when you go to the bathroom. For relief, take a warm bath. Afterward, pat the area dry (don't rub) with a clean, soft towel. You may also try using a hemorrhoid cream or petroleum jelly on the affected area.
system: What is diarrhea?
output: When you have diarrhea, your bowel movements (or stools) are loose and watery. It's common and usually not serious. It normally lasts 2 to 3 days. Some people get it more often.
system: How do you know if you have diarrhea?
output: It's common and usually not serious. You may have: Bloating in your belly Cramps Thin or loose stools Watery stools An urgent feeling that you need to have a bowel movement Nausea and throwing up More serious symptoms include: Blood or mucus in your stool Weight loss Fever If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated.
system: How is mild diarrhea treated if it is mild?
output: Stool tests to look for bacteria or parasites If your case is mild, you may not need to take anything. Adults can take an over-the-counter medicine such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide, which you can get as liquids or tablets. You may also try using a hemorrhoid cream or petroleum jelly on the affected area.
system: How can I avoid back pain?
output: Get more exercise. Extra pounds, especially in your midsection, can make back pain worse by shifting your center of gravity and putting strain on your lower back. Staying within 10 pounds of your ideal weight may help control back pain. If you smoke, stop. Smoking restricts the flow of nutrient-containing blood to spinal discs, so smokers are especially vulnerable to back pain. Sleeping position. If you're prone to back pain, talk with your doctor about the best sleeping position. Don't bend over from the waist to lift heavy objects. If you can, push rather than pull heavy objects. Clothing so tight that it interferes with bending, sitting, or walking can aggravate back pain. Lighten your wallet. Sitting on an overstuffed wallet may cause discomfort and back pain. Pick the right handbag or briefcase. Buy a bag or briefcase with a wide, adjustable strap that's long enough to reach over your head. A messenger bag (like the ones bike messengers wear) is made to wear this way. They can be helpful after certain kinds of surgery, but there is not much evidence that they help treat chronic back pain.
system: When is palliative care recommended for newborns?
output: For this reason, palliative care may be recommended before, during, and after delivery. Palliative care is recommended for newborns who: Are born at extremely low birth weight (i.e.
system: What does neonatal palliative care look like during delivery?
output: When a newborn is not expected to live long after birth - be it hours, days, or weeks - the birth plan may include limiting the number of people in the delivery room. For a normal birth, there may be several health care professionals in the room. For a newborn with a short life expectancy, depending on what life-prolonging measures will be taken, the delivery may be attended only by the doctor. This helps to make the delivery as simple and intimate as possible and maximizes the time parents can spend alone with their child.
system: What should you know about palliative care if your baby is diagnosed with a life-threatening illness?
output: Before birth, health care providers will assist parents in putting all plans in place for the baby's birth, life, and possible death. When a baby is expected to live longer than a couple of days, parents often have the option of taking the baby home. In certain cases, perinatal hospice services can assist in planning the transition home and arrange in-home care with the parents. Care at this time may focus in part on the psychosocial and spiritual well-being of the parents and siblings. Families will be referred to a social worker or other mental health professional and, if desired, to a hospital chaplain.
system: Is grieving normal if you find out your unborn baby has a life-threatening illness?
output: It's usually helpful to grieve and talk about your grief with the other parent. Couples need to understand that each individual grieves differently. Some couples report that their marriages were saved after they understood that their spouses were grieving just as intensely as they were, even though they showed less outward emotion. There may be no greater loss than the loss of a child.
system: What is the outlook for people with somatic symptom disorder?
output: This disorder tends to be a chronic (long-term) condition that can last for years. In many cases, symptoms can recur. Only a small percentage of patients recover completely. For that reason, the focus of treatment is on learning to manage and control symptoms, and on minimizing functional problems associated with the disorder.