laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How is pelvic organ prolapse treated?
output: Your doctor may order a variety of tests: Urinary tract X-ray (intravenous pyelography) CT scan of the pelvis Ultrasound of the pelvis MRI scan of the pelvis Treatment of pelvic organ prolapse depends on how severe the symptoms are. Treatment can include a variety of therapies, including: Behavioral treatments, such as doing Kegel exercises designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles Mechanical treatments, such as inserting a small plastic device called a pessary into the vagina to provide support for the drooping organs Surgical treatment, either to repair the affected tissue or organ or to remove the organ (such as removal of the uterus by hysterectomy) Many risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse are out of your control.
system: What are the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse?
output: Some women notice nothing at all, but others report these symptoms with pelvic organ prolapse: A feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area A backache low in the back Painful intercourse A feeling that something is falling out of the vagina Urinary problems such as leaking of urine or a chronic urge to urinate Constipation Spotting or bleeding from the vagina Symptoms depend somewhat on which organ is drooping. If the bladder prolapses, urine leakage may occur. If it's the rectum, constipation and uncomfortable intercourse often occur. A backache as well as uncomfortable intercourse often accompanies small intestine prolapse.
system: How is pelvic organ prolapse diagnosed?
output: Your doctor may order a variety of tests: Urinary tract X-ray (intravenous pyelography) CT scan of the pelvis Ultrasound of the pelvis MRI scan of the pelvis Treatment of pelvic organ prolapse depends on how severe the symptoms are. Treatment can include a variety of therapies, including: Behavioral treatments, such as doing Kegel exercises designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles Mechanical treatments, such as inserting a small plastic device called a pessary into the vagina to provide support for the drooping organs Surgical treatment, either to repair the affected tissue or organ or to remove the organ (such as removal of the uterus by hysterectomy) Many risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse are out of your control.
system: What is a pelvic floor disorder?
output: Normally, these muscles and the tissues surrounding them keep the pelvic organs in place. These organs include your bladder, uterus, vagina, small bowel, and rectum. Sometimes, these muscles and tissue develop problems. Some women develop pelvic floor disorders following childbirth. And as women age, pelvic organ prolapse and other pelvic floor disorders become more common. Your doctor may order a variety of tests: Urinary tract X-ray (intravenous pyelography) CT scan of the pelvis Ultrasound of the pelvis MRI scan of the pelvis Treatment of pelvic organ prolapse depends on how severe the symptoms are.
system: What are the presenting symptoms of headaches in hemicrania continua?
output: The headaches often have some of the same symptoms as other kinds of headaches. This overlap can make them tricky for doctors to diagnose. Like migraines, they can cause: Nausea or vomiting Sensitivity to noise or light Throbbing pain Hemicrania continua also shares features of cluster headaches. For example, people who have it may have problems with how part of their nervous system works. That causes symptoms that happen on the painful side of the face and head, including: Stuffy or runny nose Nosebleeds (which are rare) Tearing, redness, or irritation of the eyes Drooping eyelids Sweating Some things tend to make symptoms worse, such as: Stress Changes in sleep patterns Bright lights Fatigue Overdoing exercise Alcohol Some people have symptoms when they: Feel pressure on their neck Flex or rotate their neck Doctors can make a diagnosis of hemicrania continua if you've had pain consistently, without it switching sides or disappearing even briefly, for at least 3 months.
system: What neck conditions cause hemicrania continua?
output: That causes symptoms that happen on the painful side of the face and head, including: Stuffy or runny nose Nosebleeds (which are rare) Tearing, redness, or irritation of the eyes Drooping eyelids Sweating Some things tend to make symptoms worse, such as: Stress Changes in sleep patterns Bright lights Fatigue Overdoing exercise Alcohol Some people have symptoms when they: Feel pressure on their neck Flex or rotate their neck Doctors can make a diagnosis of hemicrania continua if you've had pain consistently, without it switching sides or disappearing even briefly, for at least 3 months.
system: What are the symptoms of a hemicrania continua?
output: People with hemicrania continua describe a dull ache or throb that's interrupted by pain that is: Jolting Sharp Stabbing These attacks usually happen three to five times a day.
system: Can a hemicrania continua be treated?
output: With the right treatment, though, most people can get nearly complete relief from the pain.
system: What are the symptoms of hemicrania continua?
output: People with hemicrania continua describe a dull ache or throb that's interrupted by pain that is: Jolting Sharp Stabbing These attacks usually happen three to five times a day. Some people will have these headaches steadily for months or years. For others, the pain will last for at least 3 months and then will go away for weeks or months, then come back.
system: What can make the symptoms of hemicrania continua worse?
output: That causes symptoms that happen on the painful side of the face and head, including: Stuffy or runny nose Nosebleeds (which are rare) Tearing, redness, or irritation of the eyes Drooping eyelids Sweating Some things tend to make symptoms worse, such as: Stress Changes in sleep patterns Bright lights Fatigue Overdoing exercise Alcohol Some people have symptoms when they: Feel pressure on their neck Flex or rotate their neck Doctors can make a diagnosis of hemicrania continua if you've had pain consistently, without it switching sides or disappearing even briefly, for at least 3 months.
system: What anti-inflammatory medications can ease hemicrania continua headaches?
output: Some anti-inflammatory medications ease hemicrania continua headaches. Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID), often gives fast relief. Daily doses of indomethacin for hemicrania continua typically range from 25 to 150 milligrams. A common side effect of the drug is irritation of the lining of the stomach and digestive tract. So, people who take it may also need medication to help their stomach make less acid.
system: How is surgery used to treat stage IV colorectal cancer?
output: You may need an operation to remove the cancer, both in the colon and in other places where it has spread. Or you may need surgery to bypass the cancer and hook back up the healthy parts of the colon.
system: How is stage 0 colorectal cancer treated?
output: Stage 0 colorectal cancer is found only in the innermost lining of the colon. Surgery should be able to take it out. Your procedure will depend on how big the cancer is. Your surgeon may be able to remove the tumor and a little tissue near it. He may call this procedure a polypectomy. If you have larger tumors, your surgeon may need to remove the diseased part of the colon and reattach the healthy tissue so that your bowels still work. Doctors call this procedure an anastomosis.
system: What does stage IV colorectal cancer mean?
output: Treatment involves: Surgery to remove the tumor and all involved lymph nodes if possible Chemotherapy after surgery Radiation if the tumor is large and invading the tissue surrounding the colon Stage IV colorectal cancers have spread outside the colon to other parts of the body, such as the liver or the lungs. You may also hear the cancer called "metastatic,â which means that it has spread. The tumor can be any size and may or may not include affected lymph nodes.
system: How is recurrent colorectal cancer treated?
output: Treatment may involve: Surgery to remove the recurrences If all the cancer can't be removed in an operation, chemotherapy is the main treatment.
system: How is stage III colorectal cancer treated?
output: Treatment involves: Surgery to remove the tumor and all involved lymph nodes if possible Chemotherapy after surgery Radiation if the tumor is large and invading the tissue surrounding the colon Stage IV colorectal cancers have spread outside the colon to other parts of the body, such as the liver or the lungs.
system: How are clinical trials used to treat stage IV colorectal cancer?
output: These are studies that test new drugs or treatments to see if they are safe and if they work. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.
system: What does stage III colorectal cancer mean?
output: Here's what that means: Stage l Il A: Tumors are within the colon wall and also involve the lymph nodes. Stage l Il B: Tumors have grown through the colon wall and have spread to one to four lymph node. Stage l Il C: Tumors have spread to more than four lymph nodes.
system: How is stage II colorectal cancer treated?
output: Stage I tumors have spread beyond the inner lining of the colon, to the second and third layers, and involve the inside wall of the colon. You'll probably have surgery to remove the cancer and an area surrounding the cancer. You may also get chemotherapy as a precaution to help prevent the cancer from coming back. Doctors usually do this only for people who are likely to get the disease, because there aren't a lot of advantages of chemotherapy in this stage of colon cancer. An oncologist (a doctor who specializes in cancer treatment) should help decide whether chemotherapy is needed for your stage II colon cancer. Here's what that means: Stage l Il A: Tumors are within the colon wall and also involve the lymph nodes.
system: Are there foods to avoid to help prevent gout?
output: If gout runs in the family, men in particular should limit their intake of alcohol, fats, and foods that are more likely to increase uric acid level in the body -- meat, sardines, bacon, mussels, and yeast. Alcohol, especially beer, can also bring on an attack of gout. Such men should watch their weight with extra care.
system: When are biopsies recommended?
output: A biopsy might be recommended whenever there is an important medical question the biopsy could help answer. Here are just a few examples: A mammogram shows a lump or mass, indicating the possibility of breast cancer. A mole on the skin has changed shape recently and melanoma is possible. A person has chronic hepatitis and it's important to know if cirrhosis is present. In some cases, a biopsy of normal-appearing tissue may be done. This can help check for cancer spread or rejection of a transplanted organ. In most cases, a biopsy is done to diagnose a problem or to help determine the best therapy option.
system: What is a needle biopsy?
output: Most biopsies are needle biopsies, meaning a needle is used to access the suspicious tissue.
system: Why are biopsies done?
output: Biopsies are most often done to look for cancer. But biopsies can help identify many other conditions.
system: What is a kidney biopsy?
output: Similar to a liver biopsy, a needle is injected through the skin on the back, into the kidney.
system: What is a skin biopsy?
output: A punch biopsy is the main biopsy method. It uses a circular blade to get a cylindrical sample of skin tissue.
system: What is a aspiration biopsy?
output: Aspiration biopsy. A needle withdraws material out of a mass. This simple procedure is also called fine-needle aspiration.
system: What is a ultrasound-guided biopsy?
output: An ultrasound scanner helps a doctor direct the needle into the lesion.
system: What is a CT-guided biopsy?
output: A person rests in a CT-scanner; the scanner's images help doctors determine the exact position of the needle in the targeted tissue.
system: How long does it take to get results from a biopsy?
output: The time it takes to get results from a biopsy can vary. During a surgery, a pathologist may read a biopsy and report back to a surgeon in a few minutes. Final, highly accurate conclusions on biopsies often take a week or longer. You will probably follow up with your regular doctor to discuss the biopsy results.
system: What is a liver biopsy?
output: A needle is injected into the liver through the skin on the belly, capturing liver tissue.
system: What is a surgical biopsy?
output: Either a piece of tissue or the whole lump of tissue may be removed.
system: What happens after your biopsy?
output: But biopsies can help identify many other conditions. A person has chronic hepatitis and it's important to know if cirrhosis is present. You would make a separate appointment for the biopsy. In most cases, sedating and pain relief medicines are given, reducing any discomfort. ( In some cases, the doctor collecting the sample can diagnose the condition.)
system: Why do people take turmeric?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Curcumin, a substance in turmeric, may help to reduce inflammation. Several studies suggest that it might ease symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, like pain and inflammation. Other compounds in turmeric might also be medicinal. In lab tests, curcumin seems to block the growth of certain kinds of tumors. One study showed that turmeric extract containing curcumin could -- in some cases -- stabilize colorectal cancer that wasn't helped by other treatments. But more research is needed. Other preliminary lab studies suggest that curcumin or turmeric might protect against types of colitis, stomach ulcers, and high cholesterol. Based on studies, turmeric and curcumin might also help treat upset stomach, diabetes, depression, HIV, uveitis, and viral infections.
system: How much turmeric should you take?
output: Turmeric is an unproven treatment, though it has years of traditional use and some preliminary convincing research. There is no standard dosage. Ask your health care provider for advice.
system: Can you get turmeric naturally from foods?
output: Turmeric, as a spice, is a common ingredient in Indian cooking. The spice (and supplement) comes from the underground stems (rhizomes) of the turmeric plant.
system: How safe is turmeric?
output: Given the lack of evidence about its safety, children and women who are breastfeeding should only use turmeric supplements if a doctor recommends it.
system: What are the interactions when taking turmeric?
output: Talk to a doctor before using turmeric supplements regularly if you have any medical conditions, including gallbladder or kidney disease, bleeding disorders, diabetes, or immunity problems. They could interact with medicines like aspirin, NSAID painkillers, statins, diabetes drugs, blood pressure medicines, and blood thinners. They might also interact with supplements that decrease clotting, like ginkgo, ginseng, and garlic.
system: What are the risks of taking turmeric?
output: Since turmeric can potentially increase bleeding, stop taking it at least two weeks before any surgery. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, children and women who are breastfeeding should only use turmeric supplements if a doctor recommends it.
system: What is turmeric?
output: In India and other parts of Asia, turmeric is used to treat many health conditions. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and perhaps even anticancer properties. Turmeric, as a spice, is a common ingredient in Indian cooking. The spice (and supplement) comes from the underground stems (rhizomes) of the turmeric plant.
system: How is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) diagnosed?
output: A sleep partner may observe PLMD, which often affects the partner before the person knows of his or her behavior. In other cases, the diagnosis is made with the use of an overnight polysomnogram (a test that records bodily functions during sleep). This test is often used to assess the cause of daytime sleepiness or recurrent awakenings from sleep. Blood work may be done in order to test iron status, folic acid, vitamin B12, thyroid function, and magnesium levels.
system: What should I avoid if I have periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
output: The use of caffeine often intensifies PLMD symptoms. Caffeine-containing products such as chocolate, coffee, tea, and soft drinks should be avoided.
system: What causes periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
output: The causes of PLMD are unknown. However recent research has shown that people with a variety of medical problems, including Parkinson's disease and narcolepsy, may have frequent periodic limb movements in sleep. Iron deficiency seems to be the most commonly recognized cause of PLMD and its cousin, Restless Legs Syndrome.
system: What are symptoms of periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
output: Symptoms of PLMD are usually leg movements with the extension of the big toe in combination with a partial flexing of the ankle, knee, or hip. Movement of the legs is more typical than movement of the arms. It can often cause a partial or full brief awakening, resulting in fragmented sleep. Patients are frequently unaware of these movements.
system: How is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) treated?
output: Generally, there are several classes of drugs that are used to treat PLMD. These include drugs closely related to those that treat Parkinson's disease, anticonvulsant medications, benzodiazepines, and narcotics. Current treatment recommendations consider the anti- Parkinson's type medications as a first line of defense. Medical treatment of PLMD often significantly reduces or eliminates the symptoms of these disorders.
system: What are warnings about children and adolescents using antidepressant medicines?
output: Note: The FDA has determined that antidepressant medications can increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders. If you have questions or concerns, discuss them with your health care provider.
system: What are possible causes why my arm hurts?
output: Sometimes, you can trace arm pain to a sports injury or simply using it too much. Other times, another condition could be to blame. Here are some other possible causes: Broken bones: If your arm starts to hurt right after a physical injury, you may have fractured it. You might also have swelling, bruising, numbness, or weakness. See your doctor right away so your arm will heal properly. Strain or sprain: An injury can cause damage to your muscles (a strain) or your ligaments (a sprain). Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, weakness, and muscle spasms. Both conditions will usually heal on their own, but if your symptoms are severe, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. Tendinitis: This happens when the tendons in your shoulder or arm become inflamed. Those are bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. One example of tendinitis is âtennis elbow.â You could feel the pain in your shoulder, elbow, or wrist. It could be a result of an injury or â more often â overuse. Rotator cuff injury: This part of your shoulder is made up of muscles and tendons. It allows your shoulder to move or stay in place. As we age, tendons in the rotator cuff begin to wear down or tear. If you have a job where you make overhead motions over and over, you can damage it, too. Symptoms range from a dull ache and weakness in your arm to severe, constant pain. If you suspect a rotator cuff injury, see your doctor. You may need physical therapy. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Doing the same movements over and over with your wrist can cause damage to the main nerve in your hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain.
system: What are kinase inhibitors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
output: These drugs block a type of protein called a kinase, which in some cases is linked to cancer. The medicines include ibrutinib ( Imbruvica), acalabrutinib ( Calquence), idelalisib ( Zydelig), and copanlisib ( Aliqopa).
system: What drugs does CHOP for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma include?
output: A common course of chemotherapy for non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma is called CHOP. It includes a combo of four drugs: Cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan) Hydroxydaunorubicin Vincristine ( Oncovin) Prednisone Also, many other drugs are effective when used or combined.
system: What is immunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
output: You'll take drugs that boost your immune system's activity or are man-made versions of your immune system, called monoclonal antibodies. Most of the time, you'll take these medicines through an IV injection.
system: How do you take chemo for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
output: Sometimes doctors inject the medicine into your vein, and sometimes you take it in a pill form. Chemo can also be combined with other treatments, including radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Most chemotherapy for lymphoma, whether you take one drug or a few at once, can be done in a clinic, so you won't have to stay overnight in a hospital. You might need a short hospital stay if your treatment plan calls for frequent infusions of drugs into your blood.
system: What is the treatment for a slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
output: If you've been diagnosed with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, your next step is to figure out what kind of treatment you need. He'll keep tabs on your condition, and he won't begin treating you unless the disease gets active.
system: How can radiation help with treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
output: You and your doctor will talk over which one is best for you. You may also get radiation along with other treatments, like chemotherapy Radiation therapy is painless and only takes a few minutes. When you're getting the treatment, you most often have the procedure done 5 days a week for a few weeks.
system: How can your bowel become blocked?
output: Damaged blood vessels leading to the bowel can cause some bowel tissue to die.
system: Is a stent an option to treat bowel obstruction?
output: This is the safer option for people who are too sick for emergency surgery. A stent made out of wire mesh is placed in the bowel at the site of the blockage to force the bowel open. This will allow matter to pass through again. Some people may not need anything more than a stent. Others may need surgery after they become stable.
system: Will a barium enema help determine if I have a bowel obstruction?
output: Your doctor may give you a barium enema. This means a special liquid that contains barium (a whitish-silver metal) will be inserted into your rectum. It will spread into your bowels and appear on an X-ray as a bright area. If there's a blocked area, the barium may show it.
system: What are the most common signs of bowel obstruction?
output: Common causes are: Crohn's disease Diverticulitis Hernia Colon cancer Stomach cancer Ovarian cancer Scar tissue from surgery Radiation to the abdominal area Advanced lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma that has spread to the bowel Signs of an intestinal blockage will depend on how bad the obstruction is. But it almost always comes with abdominal pain and cramping. Here are some other possible signs you have a bowel obstruction: You're constipated. You can't pass gas at all. Stomach cramps come and go. You don't get hungry. You throw up or feel like you're going to. Your belly is swollen If you've been constipated and any of these symptoms appear, contact your doctor right away.
system: What is a fecal impaction?
output: A common type of obstruction, or blockage, is called fecal impaction. Fecal impaction is when a large, hard mass of stool gets stuck in your digestive tract and can't be pushed out the normal way.
system: Where in your digestive system does a bowel obstruction usually happen?
output: Bowel obstructions can happen in your small or large intestine, but they're more likely to be in the small intestine.