laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can cervical cancer be cured?
output: Health care providers who treat cancer often use the term "remission" rather than "cure." Although many women with cervical cancer recover completely, medical professionals sometimes avoid the word "cure," because the disease can recur.
system: What is the survival rate for cervical cancer?
output: The prognosis for invasive cervical cancer depends on the stage of the cancer when it is found.
system: How can loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) help in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?
output: The loop electrosurgical excision procedure ( LEEP) technique uses an electrified loop of wire to take a sample of tissue from the cervix. This procedure can often be performed in your gynecologist's office.
system: How is cervical cancer staged?
output: By finding out how far it has spread, your health care providers can make a reasonable guess about your prognosis and the kind of treatment you will need. Cervical cancer is staged from stage 0 (least severe) to stage IV (metastatic disease, the most severe). Staging is based on size and depth of the cancerous lesion, as well as degree of spread.
system: How can human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cervical cancer?
output: Forms of HPV, a virus whose different types cause skin warts, genital warts, and other abnormal skin disorders, have been shown to lead to many of the changes in cervical cells that may eventually lead to cancer. Certain types of HPV have also been linked to cancers involving the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, tongue, and tonsils. Genetic material that comes from certain forms of HPV (high-risk subtypes) has been found in cervical tissues that show cancerous or precancerous changes.
system: What vaccines are approved to protect women from cervical cancer?
output: It protects against two strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that account for the development of 70% of cervical cancers and over 50% of precancerous lesions of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. Gardasil protects against the types of HPV (6 and 11) which are associated with over 90% of the cases of genital warts. Gardasil 9 can also be used in males and females ages 9 to-26. It prevents infection by the same HPV types as Gardasil plus HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58. Collectively, these types are implicated in 90% of cervical cancers.
system: What is high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL) in the cervix?
output: High-grade SIL ( HGSIL): A large number of precancerous cells, which look very different from normal cells, constitute a high-grade lesion. Like low-grade SIL, these precancerous changes involve only cells on the surface of the cervix. These lesions are also called moderate or severe dysplasia, CIN 2 or 3, or carcinoma in situ. They develop most often in women ages 30 to 40 years, but can occur at any age. Precancerous cells, even high-grade lesions, usually do not become cancerous and invade deeper layers of the cervix for many months, perhaps years.
system: How can cryocautery help with treating cervical cancer?
output: In this procedure, a steel instrument is cooled to subzero temperatures by immersion in liquid nitrogen or a similar liquid. This ultracooled instrument is then applied to the surface of the cervix, freezing cells. They eventually die and are sloughed off, to be replaced by new cervical cells.
system: How can chemotherapy treat cervical cancer?
output: Chemotherapy is the use of powerful drugs to kill cancer cells. In cervical cancer, it is used most often when the cancer is locally advanced or has spread to other parts of the body. Just one drug or a combination of drugs may be given. Anticancer drugs used to treat cervical cancer may be given via an IV line or by mouth. Either way, chemotherapy is systemic treatment, meaning that the drugs flow through the body in the bloodstream. They can kill cancer cells anywhere in the body.
system: How can maintaining good nutrition help with treating cervical cancer?
output: Maintaining good nutrition is one of the best things you can do. You may lose your appetite during treatment for cervical cancer. Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, and sores inside the mouth. However, if you take in enough calories and protein, you will maintain your strength and energy and better tolerate the side effects of treatment. Your cancer specialist (oncologist) or gynecologist may be able to recommend a nutritionist who can provide suggestions for keeping up your calorie and protein intake.
system: What are stages of cervical cancer?
output: The stage of a cancer is a measure of how far it has progressed, namely, what other organs or tissues have been invaded. For the earliest stage of cervical cancerâstage 0 â more than 90% of women survive at least five years after diagnosis Stage I cervical cancer patients have a five-year survival rate of 80 â 93%. Women with stage II cervical cancer have a five-year survival rate of 58 â 63%. The survival rate for women with stage III cervical cancer is anywhere from 32 â 35% Sixteen percent or fewer women with stage IV cervical cancer survive five years.
system: When should I get chemotherapy as a treatment for cervical cancer?
output: Chemotherapy is given in cycles: each cycle comprises a period of intensive treatment followed by a recovery period. Treatment usually consists of several cycles. Most patients have chemotherapy as an outpatient (in an outpatient clinic at the hospital, at the doctor's office, or at home). Depending on which drugs are given and your general health, however, you may need to stay in the hospital during treatment.
system: When do I need to get surgery for cervical cancer?
output: If a biopsy shows that cancerous cells have invaded through a layer called the basement membrane, which separates the surface layers of the cervix from other underlying layers, surgery is usually required. The extent of the surgery varies, depending on the stage of the cancer. In cervical cancer, surgery removes cancerous tissue in or near the cervix.
system: How can radiation therapy help treat cervical cancer?
output: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop their growth. Like surgery, radiation therapy is local therapy; the radiation affects cancer cells only in the treated area. External radiation comes from a large machine, which aims a beam of radiation at your pelvis. Treatments, which take only a few minutes, usually are given five days a week for five to six weeks. At the end of that time, an extra dose of radiation called a "boost" may be applied to the tumor site. In cervical cancer, it is used most often when the cancer is locally advanced or has spread to other parts of the body.
system: How can oral contraceptives increase the risk of cervical cancer?
output: The risk of developing these abnormal changes is associated with infection with human papillomavirus ( HPV). In addition, early sexual contact, multiple sexual partners, and taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills) increase the risk of cervical cancer because they lead to greater exposure to HPV. Oral contraceptives ("the pill"), especially if taken longer than five years, may increase the risk for cervical cancer because they reduce the use of condoms.
system: What is cervical cancer?
output: The uterine cervix is the lowest portion of a woman's uterus (womb), connecting the uterus with the vagina. When it is invasive, this cancer affects the deeper tissues of the cervix and may have spread to other parts of the body (metastasis), most notably the lungs, liver, bladder, vagina, and rectum. Cigarette smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer that can be prevented.
system: How can cigarette smoking increase the risk of cervical cancer?
output: In addition, women who have been diagnosed with HPV are more likely to develop a cervical cancer. The chemicals in cigarette smoke interact with the cells of the cervix, causing precancerous changes that may over time progress to cancer. Cigarette smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer that can be prevented.
system: Who is more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer?
output: Most women diagnosed with precancerous changes in the cervix are in their 20s and 30s, but the average age of women when they are diagnosed with cervical cancer is the mid 50s. This difference in the age at which precancerous changes are most frequently diagnosed and the age at which cancer is diagnosed highlights the slow progression of this disease and the reason why it can be prevented if adequate steps are taken. For cervical cancer, the survival rate is close to 100% when precancerous or early cancerous changes are found and treated.
system: When is hysterectomy chosen for precancerous changes of the cervix?
output: Cervical cancer begins with abnormal changes in the cervical tissue. In some cases, you may choose to have a hysterectomy for precancerous changes, particularly if abnormal cells are found inside the opening of the cervix or you have severe or recurring dysplasia. This surgery is more likely to be done if you do not plan to have children in the future.
system: How can quitting smoking decrease your chances of developing cervical cancer?
output: Cigarette smoking is another risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Quitting smoking may decrease your chances of developing the disease.
system: When do cervical cancer occur?
output: Precancerous changes Over the years, different terms have been used to refer to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. Invasive cancer If abnormal cells spread deeper into the cervix or to other tissues or organs, the disease is then called cervical cancer, invasive cervical cancer, or metastatic cancer. Cervical cancer occurs most often in women aged 40 years or older.
system: Is smoking the only cause of lung cancer?
output: Smoking isn't the only cause of lung cancer. If you work with cancer-causing chemicals, follow all the safety rules to protect yourself.
system: What are the risks with CT scans?
output: CT scans use X-rays, which produce ionizing radiation. Research shows that this kind of radiation may damage your DNA and lead to cancer. But the risk is still very small -- your chances of developing a fatal cancer because of a CT scan are about 1 in 2,000.
system: What are the side effects of a CT scan?
output: Some people are allergic to the contrast materials. Most of the time, the reaction is mild. It can lead to itchiness or a rash. In very few cases, the dye may trigger a life-threatening reaction. For this reason, your health care provider may want to monitor you for a short period after your CT scan. Tell your doctor about any allergies you have to medications, seafood, or iodine. Your doctor should know, too, if you have diabetes and are taking the drug metformin. He'll let you know if you should stop taking your medication before or after your procedure. Although it's rare, contrast materials can lead to kidney problems. Let your doctor know if you have any kidney issues before the CT scan.
system: How can radiation from a CT scan be harmful?
output: But radiation's effect adds up over your lifetime. So your risk increases with every CT scan you get. Talk to your doctor about the procedure's potential dangers and benefits, and ask why the CT scan is necessary. Ionizing radiation may be more harmful in children. That's because they're still growing. They also have more years to get exposed to radiation. Before the procedure, you may want to ask the doctor or technician if the CT machine's settings have been adjusted for a child. Tell your physician if you're pregnant. If you need imaging for your stomach area, your doctor may recommend an exam that doesn't use radiation, such as an ultrasound.
system: How long does a CT scan take?
output: How long the scan takes will depend on what parts of your body are being scanned. It can take anywhere from a few minutes to a half-hour. In most cases, you'll go home the same day.
system: What is a CT scan with contrast?
output: A computed tomography ( CT or CAT) scan allows doctors to see inside your body. To help them appear clearly, you may need a special dye called a contrast material. They block the X-rays and appear white on the scan, highlighting blood vessels, organs, or other structures. This is done to help your blood vessels, urinary tract, liver, or gallbladder stand out in the image. But radiation's effect adds up over your lifetime.
system: How are CT scans done?
output: You may also need to wear a hospital gown and remove any metal objects, such as jewelry. A radiology technologist will perform the CT scan. Before the procedure, you may want to ask the doctor or technician if the CT machine's settings have been adjusted for a child.
system: How do CT scans work?
output: You can get a CT scan on any part of your body. A computer uses this information to create a cross-sectional picture. Like one piece in a loaf of bread, this two-dimensional (2 D) scan shows a âsliceâ of the inside of your body. This process is repeated to produce a number of slices. The computer stacks these scans one on top of the other to create a detailed image of your organs, bones, or blood vessels. For example, a surgeon may use this type of scan to look at all sides of a tumor to prepare for an operation.
system: What should I do if my child who has autism wakes up repeatedly or has difficulty in sleeping?
output: To know for sure, make an appointment with your child's pediatrician. The doctor may refer you to a sleep specialist or an ear, nose and throat doctor. It can help to keep a sleep diary for a week to track how much and when your child is sleeping. You may include any snoring, changes in breathing patterns, unusual movements, or difficulty breathing.
system: What are the biggest sleep problems among children with autism?
output: Researchers estimate that between 40% and 80% of children with ASD have difficulty sleeping. The biggest sleep problems among these children include: Difficulty falling asleep Inconsistent sleep routines Restlessness or poor sleep quality Waking early and waking frequently A lack of a good night's sleep can affect not only the child but everyone in his or her family.
system: Why do children with autism have problems with sleep?
output: Researchers don't know for sure why autistic children have problems with sleep, but they have several theories. The first has to do with social cues. Another reason children with autism may have trouble falling asleep or awaken in the middle of the night could be an increased sensitivity to outside stimuli, such as touch or sound. Anxiety is another possible condition that could adversely affect sleep.
system: What is a nasal cannula device for home oxygen therapy?
output: This is a soft plastic tube with two small prongs at one end. They go in your nose, and the tube rests over your ears to hold it in place. The other end connects to your oxygen supply. The nasal cannula delivers steady oxygen. It can dry your nose out a little.
system: What is a transtracheal catheter for home oxygen therapy?
output: This is a soft plastic tube with two small prongs at one end. They go in your nose, and the tube rests over your ears to hold it in place. The other end connects to your oxygen supply. You can't see the catheter if your shirt is buttoned to the top. Another advantage is that you need a smaller oxygen flow since it goes directly into your airway. But it has several drawbacks. One is that the opening in your neck could get infected.
system: What are some safety tips for home oxygen therapy?
output: Always follow these safety tips around oxygen: Never smoke, and don't let others light up near you. Keep away from open flames, such as matches, cigarette lighters, and burning tobacco. Stay 5 feet away from heat sources. That includes gas stoves, candles, lighted fireplaces, and electric or gas heaters. Don't use flammable products like cleaning fluid, paint thinner, and aerosol sprays. Keep oxygen containers upright. That also goes for petroleum-based creams and ointments like Vaseline on your face or upper chest. Have a fire extinguisher close by. Let your fire department know that you have oxygen in your home.
system: What do you need to know about home oxygen therapy?
output: That can leave you short of breath and cause problems with your heart, brain, and other parts of your body. Oxygen therapy can help. It's a way to get extra oxygen for you to breathe. Oxygen is a prescription medication. If you have the plug-in kind, you'll need a backup source of oxygen in case the power goes out. You will also need a way to breathe in the oxygen.
system: How does hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia affect sleep?
output: Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia Both hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) can affect sleep in those with diabetes. Hypoglycemia may occur when you have not eaten for many hours, such as overnight, or if you take too much insulin or other medications. Hyperglycemia occurs when the sugar level rises above normal. This may happen after eating too many calories, missing medication, or having an illness. Emotional stress can also cause your blood sugar to rise.
system: What are some links between sleep and type 2 diabetes?
output: People who have poor sleep habits are at greater risk for becoming overweight or obese and developing type 2 diabetes, according to several studies. Chronic sleep deprivation may lead to insulin resistance, which can result in high blood sugar and diabetes. Some studies show that chronic sleep deprivation can affect hormones that control appetite.
system: What are medications that treat insomnia?
output: There are also several medications that treat insomnia, including: Over the counter drugs such as antihistamines including diphenhydramine (such as Benadryl). These drugs should be used short term and in conjunction with changes in sleep habits. Medications used to treat sleep problems such as eszopiclone ( Lunesta), suvorexant ( Belsomra), zaleplon ( Sonata), and zolpidem ( Ambien). Benzodiazepines are an older type of prescription medicine that cause sedation, muscle relaxation, and can lower anxiety levels. Benzodiazepines that were commonly used for the treatment of insomnia include alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), estazolam ( Pro Som), flurazepam ( Dalmane, Dalmadorm), lorazepam ( Ativan), temazepam ( Restoril), and triazolam ( Halcion) Antidepressants such as nefazodone ( Serzone) and very low doses of doxepin (silenor).
system: How does obesity affect sleep?
output: Obesity Obesity, or too much body fat, is often associated with snoring, sleep apnea, and sleep disturbance. Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and stroke.
system: What is restless legs syndrome?
output: Restless Legs Syndrome Restless legs syndrome is a specific sleep disorder that causes an intense, often irresistible urge to move your legs. This sleep disorder is often accompanied by other sensations in the legs such as tingling, pulling, or pain, making it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep.
system: What is obesity and what are its risks for sleep?
output: Obesity Obesity, or too much body fat, is often associated with snoring, sleep apnea, and sleep disturbance. Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and stroke.
system: What are some treatments for peripheral neuropathy related to type 2 diabetes and sleep?
output: Peripheral Neuropathy To treat the pain of peripheral neuropathy, your doctor may prescribe simple pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, or anticonvulsants such as gabapentin ( Gralise, Neurontin), tiagabine ( Gabitril) or topiramate ( Topamax). Other treatments include carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Tegretol), pregabalin ( Lyrica), lidocaine injections, or creams such as capsaicin.
system: How is peripheral neuropathy treated?
output: Peripheral Neuropathy To treat the pain of peripheral neuropathy, your doctor may prescribe simple pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, or anticonvulsants such as gabapentin ( Gralise, Neurontin), tiagabine ( Gabitril) or topiramate ( Topamax). Other treatments include carbamazepine ( Carbatrol, Tegretol), pregabalin ( Lyrica), lidocaine injections, or creams such as capsaicin.
system: Can diabetes affect sleep?
output: Some people with diabetes get too much sleep, while others have problems getting enough sleep. According to the National Sleep Foundation, 63% of American adults do not get enough sleep needed for good health, safety, and optimum performance. There are several causes of sleep problems for people with type 2 diabetes, including obstructive sleep apnea, pain or discomfort, restless legs syndrome, the need to go to the bathroom, and other problems associated with type 2 diabetes. Your doctor will ask you about your sleep patterns, including whether you have trouble falling or staying asleep, are sleepy during the day, have difficulty breathing while asleep (including snoring), have pain in your legs, or move or kick your legs while sleeping.
system: How are sleep problems diagnosed?
output: People who have diabetes often have poor sleep habits, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. The results of the sleep study can help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe an effective and safe treatment. There are several treatments for sleep problems in people with diabetes, depending on the condition: Sleep Apnea If you are diagnosed with sleep apnea, your doctor may suggest that you lose weight to help you breathe more easily.
system: How does sleep apnea affect the body?
output: Sleep Apnea Sleep apnea involves pauses in breathing during sleep. Sleep apnea results in low oxygen levels in the blood because the blockages prevent air from getting to the lungs. The low oxygen levels also affect brain and heart function. Researchers have found a possible link between sleep apnea and the development of diabetes and insulin resistance (the inability of the body to use insulin).
system: If you feel better, can you stop inotropic therapy medication?
output: Even if you feel well, do not discontinue your inotropic therapy medication from your intravenous catheter line or from your infusion pump without consulting your doctor. If you are discharged from the hospital with an inotropic medication, a home health nurse will provide specific directions on how to care for your intravenous site, catheter, and infusion pump.
system: Can physical therapy help manage pain?
output: Sometimes pain relief can be accomplished through physical therapy. Physical therapy ( PT) involves treatments that focus on prevention and management of injuries or disabilities. PT helps to relieve pain, promote healing, and restore function and movement. PT is practiced by a professionally trained physical therapist. A physical therapist is a specialist skilled and educated specifically in evaluation and conservative management, including rehabilitation, of orthopaedic, neurologic, and cardiovascular conditions.. A therapist may focus on decreasing pain with either passive or active therapy.
system: What should you keep in mind if you get physical therapy?
output: Examples of passive physical therapy include: Manual therapies Heat/ice packs Electrical stimulation, including TENS units Ultrasound Dry needling Cupping Examples of active physical therapy include: Movement based activities, including stretching and range of motion exercises Specific strengthening exercises Pain relief exercises Low-impact aerobic conditioning An important aspect to keep in mind about physical therapy and pain relief is that each individual may respond differently to therapy. People have different types of bodies, different patterns of movement, and different habits. Physical therapists and their trained staff can monitor each individual and attempt to correct improper habits and movement patterns.