laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is the most serious form of skin cancer?
output: Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer. It starts in skin pigment cells called melanocytes. Early treatment greatly improves your chances of beating it. Left untreated, it can spread to other parts of your body and become hard to control.
system: What are chemotherapy skin creams?
output: Your doctor will use a metal scoop device followed by an electric needle to scrape away the skin cancer cells. These treatments destroy the cancer cells. Try to stay out of the sun as much as possible from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m, the peak hours for UVB radiation.
system: What is a good way to remember the characteristics of melanoma?
output: The shape of one half doesn't match the other. Border. The edges are ragged or blurred. Color. It has uneven shades of brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue. Diameter. There's been a significant change in size. Evolving. This means any new spot or mole changing in color, shape, or size, and any spot that itches, bleeds or becomes painful.. Doctors usually diagnose skin cancer by doing a biopsy. If you have kids, be a good role model for sun protection and help your child learn how to take good care of their skin.
system: Who is at risk for melanoma?
output: You're also at risk if: You've had skin cancer before. You use tanning beds.
system: How is melanoma treated?
output: If you have non-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas), your treatment may include: Removing the skin cancer. Radiation therapy if you have advanced melanoma Follow these tips to help prevent skin cancer: Wear sunscreen every day.
system: How is cryosurgery or freezing done to treat skin cancer?
output: You'll be awake for this short, in-office procedure. She will use a spray, cotton swab, or metal device called a cryoprobe to apply extremely cold liquid nitrogen to the cancer. This freezes the cancer cells and the immediate surrounding cells. The frozen skin thaws and forms a scab, which eventually falls off, leaving a white scar.
system: When should I immediately go to the hospital to treat lung cancer?
output: See a health care provider as soon as possible if you develop any of the following: Any symptom of lung cancer New cough or change in an existing cough Hemoptysis (flecks of blood in your sputum when coughing) Unexplained weight loss Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Go immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department if any of the following occur: Coughing up a large amount of blood Sudden shortness of breath Sudden weakness Sudden vision problems Persistent chest pain
system: When should I see a health care provider for lung cancer?
output: See a health care provider as soon as possible if you develop any of the following: Any symptom of lung cancer New cough or change in an existing cough Hemoptysis (flecks of blood in your sputum when coughing) Unexplained weight loss Unexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained deep aches or pains Go immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department if any of the following occur: Coughing up a large amount of blood Sudden shortness of breath Sudden weakness Sudden vision problems Persistent chest pain
system: What are some tests and diagnoses for impaired thinking in people with multiple sclerosis?
output: If you think you have cognitive problems, talk with your neurologist or family doctor. Fuzzy thinking can have many causes. Your doctor can make sure your problems don't come from normal aging or drugs that may cause confusion, depression, anxiety, or fatigue. Once you have any health problems fully treated, the next step is usually testing. Your doctor may refer you to a neuropsychologist, speech pathologist, or occupational therapist.
system: What are some signs of impaired thinking in people with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: The clues that you have fuzzy thinking are often subtle. You might not notice them until a friend, co-worker, or family member points them out. You may: Struggle to find the right words to say Forget things you need to do or tasks already done Find it hard to plan ahead or set priorities Have trouble concentrating, especially when two things are happening at once. MS usually does not hurt your intelligence or long-term memory. It won't change your ability to read and carry on a conversation.
system: What are some exercises for the brain with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: If test results show that MS is to blame for spotty memory or poor mental focus, you may want to try rehab to sharpen your thinking. This can include: Memory exercises on a computer Home or work strategies with notebooks, organizers, or filing systems to help you remember things It's possible, but rare, that thinking problems become so severe that someone with MS needs constant care or can't live on their own. If this becomes an issue, discuss your options with your doctor and family. A social worker or psychologist can also help explore options for care.
system: How do medications affect multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: Scientists are doing studies to see whether the drugs that slow the nerve damage in MS -- called disease-modifying medicines -- can help with thinking problems, too. Others are looking at treatments, such as Alzheimer's medications, that may temporarily improve your memory and focus. Ask your doctor to give you updates on any promising results.
system: What are some cognitive problems in people with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: When you've got multiple sclerosis, losing your keys or forgetting a name can be scary. You wonder whether the illness is clouding your thinking. It's true that over time, about half of people with MS can have some cognitive problems. That means poor focus, slowed thinking, or a fuzzy memory. Often these problems are mild and don't really interrupt your daily life. It's pretty rare to have severe thinking problems. They affect about 5% to 10% of people with MS.
system: Does multiple sclerosis hurt intelligence or long-term memory?
output: It won't change your ability to read and carry on a conversation.
system: Can people with cognitive difficulties from multiple sclerosis live alone?
output: This can include: Memory exercises on a computer Home or work strategies with notebooks, organizers, or filing systems to help you remember things It's possible, but rare, that thinking problems become so severe that someone with MS needs constant care or can't live on their own. If this becomes an issue, discuss your options with your doctor and family. A social worker or psychologist can also help explore options for care.
system: Does multiple sclerosis cause cognitive problems?
output: You wonder whether the illness is clouding your thinking. It's true that over time, about half of people with MS can have some cognitive problems. That means poor focus, slowed thinking, or a fuzzy memory.
system: Are cognitive difficulties related to any other conditions different than multiple sclerosis?
output: If you think you have cognitive problems, talk with your neurologist or family doctor. Fuzzy thinking can have many causes. Your doctor can make sure your problems don't come from normal aging or drugs that may cause confusion, depression, anxiety, or fatigue.
system: What are clues of cognitive problems caused by multiple sclerosis?
output: The clues that you have fuzzy thinking are often subtle. You might not notice them until a friend, co-worker, or family member points them out. You may: Struggle to find the right words to say Forget things you need to do or tasks already done Find it hard to plan ahead or set priorities Have trouble concentrating, especially when two things are happening at once.
system: Can medicine help treat cognitive difficulties from multiple sclerosis?
output: Scientists are doing studies to see whether the drugs that slow the nerve damage in MS -- called disease-modifying medicines -- can help with thinking problems, too. Others are looking at treatments, such as Alzheimer's medications, that may temporarily improve your memory and focus. Ask your doctor to give you updates on any promising results.
system: Are cognitive problems caused by multiple sclerosis serious?
output: Often these problems are mild and don't really interrupt your daily life. It's pretty rare to have severe thinking problems.
system: What specialists can help me diagnose my cognitive difficulties as a result of multiple sclerosis?
output: You wonder whether the illness is clouding your thinking. Your doctor may refer you to a neuropsychologist, speech pathologist, or occupational therapist.
system: How can I rehab to sharpen my thinking that has been affected by multiple sclerosis?
output: That means poor focus, slowed thinking, or a fuzzy memory. This can include: Memory exercises on a computer Home or work strategies with notebooks, organizers, or filing systems to help you remember things It's possible, but rare, that thinking problems become so severe that someone with MS needs constant care or can't live on their own.
system: How do you treat a  jellyfish sting?
output: For less severe stings: Use ice packs or over-the-counter pain relievers or antihistamines for welts. Clean open sores three times a day and apply antibiotic ointment. Bandage if needed. For a severe reaction: You may be in the hospital for several days. You need antivenin (also called antivenom) for Australian box jellyfish stings.
system: How do you treat discomfort from a jellyfish sting?
output: Use mild hydrocortisone cream or an oral antihistamine to relieve itching and swelling.
system: When should you call 911 about a jellyfish sting?
output: The person displays signs of a severe allergic reaction. The sting is from a box jellyfish. The sting covers more than half an arm or leg.
system: How do you stop the stinging from a jellyfish sting?
output: Remove tentacles with a pair of tweezers. After you remove the tentacles, soak the affected area in hot water (104-113 F or 40-45 C) for at least 20 minutes. A hot shower is OK if that's easier than soaking. You need antivenin (also called antivenom) for Australian box jellyfish stings. How to Treat a Sting on or Near Your Eyes It's OK to wash your eyes with seawater. Most are unproven.
system: How do you decontaminate and remove tentacles from jellyfish stings?
output: The person displays signs of a severe allergic reaction. Rinse the area with vinegar for at least 30 seconds. After you remove the tentacles, soak the affected area in hot water (104-113 F or 40-45 C) for at least 20 minutes. If you don't have a thermometer, make sure the water is hot but not scalding. These treatments are based on research done in the Indo- Pacific areas and may not work for all stings.
system: How is heart disease linked to migraines?
output: Men with migraines are more likely to have a heart attack and heart disease. Women with migraines also have a higher chance of heart disease, especiallyif they have aura. How often your migraines come doesn't appear to change your chances of having these conditions.
system: How is posttraumatic stress disorder linked to migraines?
output: If you have migraines, you may be more likely to have posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD). One study found the likelihood of having PTSD is 5 times higher if you have migraines.
system: How is a stroke linked to migraines?
output: There's little evidence that a migraine will trigger a stroke, or that both things will hit at the same time. Still, the chance of a stroke is higher in some people who have migraines, like: Those who have aura Women People under 45 After 50, your odds of having a stroke from a migraine fall a great deal.
system: How is high blood pressure linked to migraines?
output: Are you more likely to have some medical problems if you get those intense headaches? There may be a genetic link between the two.
system: How is cytomegalovirus (CMV) treated?
output: Over half of adults in the U. S. have had it in their body by the time they turn 40. It's not a problem for most people because a healthy immune system can easily control it. But it can make people with weakened immune symptoms, like someone with advanced HIV, very sick.
system: How does cytomegalovirus (CMV) spread?
output: You probably won't catch CMV from casual contact, but it's possible to get it by touching your eyes, nose, or mouth after contact with an infected person's: Saliva Semen Vaginal fluids Blood Urine Breast milk You can also get cytomegalovirus through: Sexual contact Blood transfusions Organ transplants An infant can get it before birth, which usually happens when a woman gets CMV while pregnant, or through breastfeeding.
system: How does cytomegalovirus CMV affect people with HIV?
output: If you have symptoms, they're mild and similar to other illnesses: Fatigue Swollen glands Fever In persons with advanced HIV, CMV can move around your body if it's not treated. You could have: Blind spots or moving black spots, called "floaters," in your eyesight Blurred vision Blindness Diarrhea Belly pain Painful or difficult swallowing Pain, weakness, or numbness at the base of your spine that makes walking a struggle In rare cases, CMV can also cause: Changes to your personality Headaches Trouble concentrating Shortness of breath Dry cough If you're HIV-positive, your chance of becoming sick with CMV is greatest when your CD4 count is below 100.
system: What is cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
output: It's not a problem for most people because a healthy immune system can easily control it. But it can make people with weakened immune symptoms, like someone with advanced HIV, very sick. If you have symptoms, they're mild and similar to other illnesses: Fatigue Swollen glands Fever In persons with advanced HIV, CMV can move around your body if it's not treated. You might need medication injected directly into your eye if the virus is threatening your sight.
system: Who shouldn't get joint fusion surgery?
output: Because of this, your doctor will want to know that you can cope with a long recovery. Joint fusion surgery may also not be right for you if you have a health issue, like: Poor bone quality An infection Narrowed arteries A nervous system (neurological) problem that may keep you from healing You'll go into the hospital or have outpatient surgery (go home the same day), depending on the type of joint fusion surgery you need.
system: What causes chlamydia?
output: Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The disease is spread by oral, vaginal, or anal sex.
system: What should I expect if my baby gets infected with chlamydia?
output: Pregnant women are screened because it is so common to be without symptoms, and the consequences for the fetus/infant can be serious. Men with chlamydia may or may not have symptoms.
system: How do doctors test for thyroid cancer?
output: If you have any symptoms between checkups, such as a new nodule on the gland or a rapidly growing one, you should make an appointment to have your thyroid gland checked. Your doctor will do several tests to diagnose the source of the problem and decide on the best treatment.
system: What else could a lump in your thyroid be?
output: A lump in your thyroid could be caused by an infection or a goiter, which is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. It might not be cancerous at all. Lumps in the thyroid usually aren't. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all. Your doctor will examine your thyroid during routine physical exams. If you have any symptoms between checkups, such as a new nodule on the gland or a rapidly growing one, you should make an appointment to have your thyroid gland checked. Your doctor will do several tests to diagnose the source of the problem and decide on the best treatment.
system: What could a lump in the thyroid be other than cancer?
output: A lump in your thyroid could be caused by an infection or a goiter, which is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. It might not be cancerous at all. Lumps in the thyroid usually aren't. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.
system: Are symptoms always a sign of thyroid cancer?
output: In fact, they're usually caused by other things. You'll need to see your doctor to find out what it is. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.
system: Are symptoms of thyroid cancer basis for diagnosis?
output: In fact, they're usually caused by other things. You'll need to see your doctor to find out what it is. But it's possible to have thyroid cancer without any symptoms at all.
system: Why are cockroaches an asthma trigger?
output: Cockroach droppings contain a protein that is a primary asthma trigger. Cockroaches need water to survive and they thrive on what you leave behind. So, they'll be less likely to be a problem in a clean, dry house. Fix leaks, keep food in containers, don't leave out dirty dishes, clean the kitchen thoroughly after meals, including under appliances, and take out the garbage regularly. Also block any openings through which cockroaches could enter from outside, including windows, wall cracks, and floor gaps.
system: What medicines can treat ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: When you have ulcerative colitis ( UC), you'll definitely take medicine to help manage it. There are several kinds your doctor will consider, depending on what you need. Most people with UC take prescription drugs called aminosalicylates (or â5- ASAsâ) that tame inflammation in the gut. These include balsalazide ( Colazal), mesalamine ( Asacol HD, Delzicol), olsalazine ( Dipentum), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Which one you take, and whether it is taken by mouth or as an enema or suppository, depend on the area of your colon that's affected. As long as you avoid your triggers, these may be enough if your disease is mild to moderate. You may need something else if your condition is more severe or if those standard treatments stop working.
system: What are side effects of taking steroids to treat ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: These turn down your immune system to fight inflammation. But steroids aren't a long-term solution, because they can cause side effects like: Weight gain Acne High blood pressure High blood sugar Mood swings Bone loss They also don't prevent future flares. So it's best to use them only for a short time and at the lowest dose that helps.
system: What can cause acute insomnia?
output: Causes of acute insomnia can include: Major life stress (job loss or change, death of a loved one, divorce, moving) Illness Emotional or physical discomfort Noise, light, or being too hot or too cold while you're trying to sleep Some medications (including certain ones for colds, allergies, depression, high blood pressure, and asthma) Changes to a normal sleep schedule (like jet lag or switching from a day shift to night shift, for example) Causes of chronic insomnia include: Irregular sleep schedules Substances that interfere with sleep (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) Activities that stimulate the brain (playing video games, watching TV) right before bedtime For some people, exercising too close to bed time Using the bedroom for activities other than sleep and sex Depression or anxiety Chronic stress Pain or discomfort at night Poor sleep habits If you think you have insomnia, talk to your doctor or health care provider.
system: Whatâs the difference between primary and secondary insomnia?
output: People with insomnia have one or more of these symptoms: Difficulty falling asleep Waking up during the night and having trouble going back to sleep Waking up too early in the morning Feeling tired when you wake up Being sleepy or tired during the day Feeling cranky or irritable Problems with focus or memory Primary insomnia is not directly linked to any other health condition or problem. Secondary insomnia comes from something else, like a health condition (such as asthma, depression, arthritis, cancer, or heartburn), pain, a medication, or a substance like alcohol.
system: What can cause chronic insomnia?
output: Causes of acute insomnia can include: Major life stress (job loss or change, death of a loved one, divorce, moving) Illness Emotional or physical discomfort Noise, light, or being too hot or too cold while you're trying to sleep Some medications (including certain ones for colds, allergies, depression, high blood pressure, and asthma) Changes to a normal sleep schedule (like jet lag or switching from a day shift to night shift, for example) Causes of chronic insomnia include: Irregular sleep schedules Substances that interfere with sleep (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) Activities that stimulate the brain (playing video games, watching TV) right before bedtime For some people, exercising too close to bed time Using the bedroom for activities other than sleep and sex Depression or anxiety Chronic stress Pain or discomfort at night Poor sleep habits If you think you have insomnia, talk to your doctor or health care provider.
system: How is insomnia treated?
output: You may not even need any treatment for acute insomnia. In mild cases, it often can be cured with good sleep habits (see below). If your insomnia makes it hard for you to function during the day because you are tired, your doctor may prescribe sleeping pills for a limited time. These quick-working, short-acting drugs can help you avoid next-day drowsiness. There is not a lot of evidence that over-the-counter sleeping pills are effective for insomnia. They may have troubling side effects including daytime drowsiness.. Good sleep habits, also called sleep hygiene, can help you get a good night's sleep and beat insomnia.
system: How can alcohol affect chronic pain?
output: If you're living with chronic pain, drinking less or no alcohol can improve your quality of life. When you focus on pain, it makes it worse rather than better.
system: How long does it take to get the results of a lung biopsy?
output: Your lung biopsy sample will be sent to a lab, and you'll get results within a week. You may get a chest X-ray to make sure your lungs are working OK. If you weren't asleep, you should be able to go home after a few hours. Have someone pick you up, because it's not safe to drive. Otherwise, you may need to stay in the hospital for one or more nights.
system: What can you expect after getting a thoracoscopy or open lung biopsy?
output: However, doctors remove fewer cells than with other procedures, which sometimes makes it more difficult to make a diagnosis If you're getting a thoracoscopy or open biopsy, you can get the sample of cells tested right away. Depending on the results, your doctor can remove more samples, or even an entire lung, during the same surgery.
system: How can a lung biopsy cause pneumonia?
output: Pneumonia is a risk for all types of lung biopsies. Pneumothorax, where air leaks out between the lung and chest cavity, can make it hard to breathe or cause your lung to collapse with these procedures, but your doctor will watch for this and suck out air as needed. Other rare but serious complications of surgical lung biopsies may include severe bleeding, wound infection, and blood clots.
system: When might someone get a lung needle biopsy (transthoracic biopsy)?
output: You usually get this type of lung biopsy when cells can't be reached with a bronchoscopy. Your doctor places a needle through your chest between two ribs to take a sample from the outer area of your lungs. You'll be awake and your skin will be numbed, and you may get a sedative to relax. To find the best place to do the procedure, you'll get an ultrasound, CT scan, or a special type of X-ray known as fluoroscopy. When the needle enters your lung, you may feel discomfort or pressure. You'll need to avoid coughing, and you may have to hold your breath.
system: When should you call a doctor about lung biopsy complications?
output: Call your doctor if you have any signs of infection or complications, which include: Fever over 100.4 F Redness, swelling, or blood or fluid leaking from the wound Severe chest pain Shortness of breath Coughing up blood or blood-tinged mucus