laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can you treat skin problems related to HIV?
output: Skin problems: Dry, itchy skin is a common issue for people whose immune systems are damaged from HIV. Skin infections like impetigo or tinea can be a problem, too. Treatments include: Antifungal or antibacterial creams Steroids and antihistamines Moisturizers Molluscum contagiosum is a viral infection that causes small, flesh-colored bumps on the skin. The virus can grow out of control in people with HIV, so see a dermatologist for treatment right away.
system: How can you treat long-lasting diarrhea related to HIV?
output: Long-lasting diarrhea: People with weak immune systems can get infections that cause diarrhea. It can last for a few weeks. Your doctor will do a thorough workup to figure out the problem. To control symptoms, your doctor may suggest: Anti-diarrhea meds to slow down the waste in your intestines and keep you from going as often Soft, easy-to-digest foods like bananas, rice, and potatoes Plenty of water, tea, and other healthy drinks to stay hydrated Let your doctor know if your diarrhea gets worse or you get a fever, vomiting, or pain.
system: How can you treat a nagging cough related to HIV?
output: It's important to see your doctor if you think you have shingles. In addition to following your doctor's advice, do these things to bring down a fever: Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen Use cold compresses Nagging cough: A cough isn't always a sign of something serious. But one that hangs around for weeks can be. People with low CD4 counts are more likely to get a lung infection called pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP). It can cause a dry cough, shortness of breath, and make you feel very tired. People with weak immune systems are more likely to get tuberculosis ( TB). You may bring up lots of phlegm when you cough and have chest pain, fever, and weight loss, too. If tests show that you have TB, you'll need to take antibiotics for several months.
system: What is the BRAT diet?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The BRAT diet ( Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, Toast)was once a staple of most pediatricians' recommendations for children with an upset stomach. The idea was that it gave the gut a chance to rest and reduced the amount of stool produced. Experts now say the BRAT diet may not be the best option for children who are ill. Because BRAT diet foods are low in fiber, protein, and fat, the diet lacks enough nutrition to help a child's gastrointestinal tract recover.
system: How is sudden confusion treated?
output: Doctors will need to figure out the health problem that's causing the symptoms. They'll do an exam and may run blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. They'll also ask questions about the person's: Specific symptoms Daily medications Alcohol and drug use Once doctors can get the cause under control, the confusion usually goes away. It can take hours or days to recover, sometimes longer. In the meantime, some people may need medication to keep them calm and help with their confusion.
system: How is skier's thumb symptoms treated?
output: Apply ice to reduce swelling. Immobilize the thumb with an elastic bandage or brace. Give acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) for pain. Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 19. The health care provider will likely X-ray the person's thumb. A partially torn ligament will typically be immobilized with a splint or cast. A fully torn ligament may require surgery.
system: How can Kegel exercises help in dealing with urge incontinence?
output: Kegel exercises: Kegel exercises, also called pelvic floor exercises, help strengthen the muscles that support the bladder, uterus, and bowels. By strengthening these muscles, you can reduce or prevent problems such as leaking urine.
system: What is sacral nerve stimulation for urge incontinence?
output: Electrical stimulation: Sacral nerve stimulation: An electronic device is implanted in the back through a minimally invasive procedure. The device delivers an electric signal to the sacral nerve. This signal helps to control the bladder muscles and decrease the number of abnormal contractions.
system: What is hormone therapy for urge incontinence treatment?
output: Another drug treatment that may be helpful for some women is hormone therapy, which uses estrogen alone or in combination with progesterone. However, evidence of benefit for urge incontinence has been mixed. In addition, because of the possible risks of hormone therapy -- including a potential increased risk of blood clots and breast cancer -- you should discuss this therapy with your doctor.
system: What is biofeedback for urge incontinence?
output: Here are some techniques that may be helpful: Biofeedback: Biofeedback is a practice that helps you learn how your body normally behaves. When you do, you will know when it is not functioning properly. In the case of urge incontinence, biofeedback can help you recognize when your bladder is overactive.
system: How do you do Kegels?
output: To do Kegel exercises, pretend you are trying to stop the flow of urine (although not when you are urinating, as this may hurt the bladder muscle) or trying not to pass gas. When you do this, you are contracting the muscles of the pelvic floor. While doing these exercises, try not to move your leg, buttock, or abdominal muscles. In fact, no one should be able to tell that you are doing Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises should be done every day, five sets a day. Each time you contract the muscles of the pelvic floor, hold for a slow count of five and then relax. Repeat this 10 times for one set of Kegels.
system: Why might your bladder have abnormal contractions if you have urge incontinence?
output: The bladder may experience abnormal contractions for the following reasons: The bladder may not be functioning properly because its nerves are damaged by various diseases -- for example, diabetes,stroke, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson's disease. The spinal cord may be damaged. The bladder maybe irritated. In many cases, the cause of urge incontinence cannot be identified.
system: What medications can help control bladder spasms to treat urge incontinence?
output: Your health care provider may also recommend other medications that may help control bladder spasms. They include hyoscyamine ( Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Hyosol, Hyospaz, Levbid, Levsin) or dicyclomine ( Antispas, Bentyl, Byclomine, Di- Spaz, Dibent, Or- Tyl, Spasmoject).
system: Who are at risk for urge incontinence?
output: People at greater risk for urge incontinence include: Older adults Women who have had a C-section or other pelvic surgery People who are obese Men who have had prostate surgery or prostate conditions, such as enlarged prostate or prostatitis People who have nerve damage from conditions such as diabetes, stroke, or injury People with certain cancers, including the bladder and prostate People who are suffering from urinary tract infections Being constipated may also put you at risk for urge incontinence.
system: What are weighted cones for urge incontinence?
output: Weighted cones: Another technique that can strengthen the pelvis and bladder muscles is the use of weighted cones. You insert the tampon-shaped cone into the vagina and hold it there by contracting your pelvic muscles. As you do this exercise and these muscles strengthen, the weight of the cone is gradually increased. This will improve your ability to hold urine until you get to a bathroom.
system: What is the main symptom of urge incontinence?
output: The main symptom of urge incontinence is thesudden urge to urinate and the involuntary loss of urine at inappropriate times. For instance, you may leak urine in public or while you are sleeping.
system: What causes urge incontinence?
output: Urge incontinence is caused by abnormal bladder contractions. Normally, strong muscles called sphincters control the flow of urine from the bladder. With urge incontinence, the muscles of an "overactive" bladder contract with enough force to override the sphincter muscles of the urethra, which is the tube that takes urine out of the body.
system: What is percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for treating urge incontinence?
output: Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation: An electric current is applied to the tibial nerve in the region of the patient's ankle. This nerve is thought to affect bladder contraction.
system: What is bladder training?
output: With bladder training, you "stretch out" the intervals at which you go to the bathroom. You do this by waiting a little longer before you go. For instance, to start, you can plan to go to the bathroom once an hour. You follow this pattern for a period of time, and then you change the schedule so that you are going to the bathroom every 90 minutes. Then eventually, you lengthen the interval to every two hours, and so on, until you are up to three or four hours between bathroom visits.
system: What is urge incontinence?
output: While urge incontinence is sometimes referred to as "overactive bladder," that condition is slightly different; people with an overactive bladder feel an urge to urinate but don't necessarily leak urine. To practice timed voiding, you use a chart to record the times that you urinate and when you leak urine.
system: How can you prevent  the dehydration that rotavirus can bring to your child?
output: During that time, give your child plenty of fluids to offset dehydration, including: Water Broth Ginger ale, or clear sodas Ice chips Bland foods, such as crackers, are best.
system: Is there a cure for rotavirus?
output: While there are medications to help with the symptoms, there is no medicine that can cure rotavirus.
system: What foods should my child avoid if they have rotavirus?
output: During that time, give your child plenty of fluids to offset dehydration, including: Water Broth Ginger ale, or clear sodas Ice chips Bland foods, such as crackers, are best. Steer clear of apple juice, milk, cheese, sugary foods, and anything else that might increase vomiting or diarrhea.
system: What are symptoms of rotavirus?
output: It usually starts with a fever, vomiting, and stomach pain, which fades just as diarrhea begins. As the virus works its way through your child's system, the diarrhea can hang on for 5 to 7 days. Adults often have similar symptoms, but they tend to be less severe.
system: How can rotavirus cause dehydration?
output: Check in with your doctor if your child has the following symptoms: Lethargy and drinking less fluids Frequent vomiting Stools that are black or contain blood or pus Any temperature in a baby younger than 6 months A temperature for more than 24 hours, if your child is older than 6 months With all the vomiting and diarrhea, your child may not feel like eating or drinking. This can cause your child to get dehydrated, which might even become life-threatening and require him being put in the hospital. Older adults, especially those with other illnesses or conditions, might also get dehydrated.
system: How does rotavirus spread?
output: If your child has rotavirus, it's present in their poop before symptoms start and up to 10 days after they taper off. During that time, when your child wipes after using the toilet, rotavirus can spread to his hands. If he doesn't wash his hands, the virus can spread to everything he touches, including things such as: Crayons and markers Food Surfaces such as sinks and kitchen counters Toys, including shared electronics such as i Pads and remote controls Utensils Water If you touch your child's unwashed hands or any object he's contaminated and then touch your mouth, you can be infected as well.
system: How much protein should you get if you have prostate cancer?
output: The side effects of cancer treatment are often made worse if you are not eating enough or if you are not eating the right foods. The current recommended daily allowance ( RDA) for protein needs are 0.36 grams of protein per pound of body weigh. Example: A 150-pound person needs 54 grams of protein per day. Cancer stresses the body and you may need more protein while undergoing treatment.
system: How can a dietitian help if you have prostate cancer?
output: Make sure you are getting enough vitamins. A registered dietitian can provide suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes).
system: What serious side effects of fluoroquinolones have been reported?
output: Serious side effects reported to the FDA include an increase in ruptures or tears in the aorta, which is the main artery in the body, significant drops in blood sugar levels, ruptured tendons, pain, âpins and needlesâ sensations, and depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide and other mental health issues. About half of the patients who had serious side effects from fluoroquinolones said the side effects began after the first or second dose. Most patients reported: Long-term pain Pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness Symptoms affecting tendons, muscles, and joints, including swelling, pain, and tendon rupture Symptoms that lasted longer than a year Depression, anxiety or other changes in mental health Sensation changes or nerve damage in hands, feet, arms, or legs Dramatic impact on quality of life such as job loss, financial problems, and increased family tension Since most patients reported symptoms lasting longer than a year, it is possible that some of these effects will be permanent.
system: What are the risks of fluoroquinolones and when are they not worth the benefit?
output: However, some people who take these medicines may develop disabling and potentially permanent side effects of the tendons, muscles, joints, nerves, and central nervous system. A person can experience more than one of these side effects at the same time. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) advises against using fluoroquinolone antibiotics for the treatment of three common infections: acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, and urinary tract infections ( UTI) without complications. The agency made this decision because the chances of serious side effects outweigh the benefits for most people.
system: How long do side effects of fluoroquinolones last?
output: Most patients reported: Long-term pain Pain, burning, tingling, numbness, weakness Symptoms affecting tendons, muscles, and joints, including swelling, pain, and tendon rupture Symptoms that lasted longer than a year Depression, anxiety or other changes in mental health Sensation changes or nerve damage in hands, feet, arms, or legs Dramatic impact on quality of life such as job loss, financial problems, and increased family tension Since most patients reported symptoms lasting longer than a year, it is possible that some of these effects will be permanent. If you have side effects while on a medication, you can file a report with the FDA's Med Watch program.
system: When is it okay to use fluoroquinolones, according to the FDA?
output: The FDA says it's OK use fluoroquinolones for other serious infections or for patients who have no other choice of treatment. This might include patients with allergies to other antibiotics or infections caused by hard-to treat, resistant bacteria.
system: Have changes been made to warnings on fluoroquinolones labels?
output: The FDA approved changes to the labels and medication guides of fluoroquinolones taken by mouth or by injection based on patient reports of side effects. The FDA revised the boxed warning, the agency's strongest, to address these serious safety issues, and updated the patient medication guide. The medication guide is a paper handout that comes with many prescription medicines.
system: What are fluoroquinolones?
output: The fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin ( Cipro), gemifloxacin ( Factive), levofloxacin ( Levaquin), moxifloxacin ( Avelox), and ofloxacin ( Floxin). This might include patients with allergies to other antibiotics or infections caused by hard-to treat, resistant bacteria.
system: When do foods help fight the flu?
output: Even when you aren't sick, you need protein to keep your body strong. Your body uses it to build strength and keep what you already have. Lean meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dairy, eggs, nuts, and seeds are good sources. The FDA says adults should eat 50 grams of protein a day (but can vary depending on an individual's caloric needs). Pregnant and nursing women need more. Foods that have it provide nutrients like vitamins B6 and B12, both of which keep your immune system working like it should.
system: What should you eat if you are nauseous?
output: Bland foods -- like toast, rice, bananas, and applesauce -- are good. Experts say you can go back to a normal diet within 24 hours if you feel like it.
system: Is chicken soup good for the flu?
output: It's a must for cold-like symptoms. One lab study suggested that chicken soup has properties that can ease flu symptoms in your chest and head. A well-nourished immune system is better able to fight infections.
system: Does food make congestion better or worse?
output: If this happens to you, avoid dairy for a few days. They may also make nausea and vomiting worse.
system: What foods have vitamin B6 and vitamin B12?
output: These minerals are found in protein-rich foods like beans, nuts, meat, and poultry.
system: What are flavonoids and do they help if you are sick?
output: Research shows that flavonoids found in the soft white skin of citrus fruits -- like grapefruit, oranges, lemons, and limes -- may boost your immune system.
system: What is glutathione and does it help if you are sick?
output: Glutathione may strengthen your immune system so it can fight off infections. You'll find this powerful antioxidant in the red, pulpy area of a watermelon near the rind. It's also in kale, collard greens, broccoli, and cabbage.
system: What minerals are good to ingest when you are sick?
output: Lean meat, poultry, fish, legumes, dairy, eggs, nuts, and seeds are good sources. Foods that have it provide nutrients like vitamins B6 and B12, both of which keep your immune system working like it should.
system: What should you drink if you have nausea?
output: Your body uses it to build strength and keep what you already have. You can try chipped ice, juices, sports drinks, ginger ale, clear broths, gelatin, and ice pops. Start with small amounts, like 4 to 8 ounces at a time for adults and 1 ounce or less at a time for children. Only use clear liquids (clear broth, juice, lemon-lime soda). If you're not sure if it's clear, pour it in a clear glass bowl and try to read something through it. If you can't see the letters, it isn't clear.
system: Why does nicotine lower blood sugar?
output: When they can't, the glucose stays in your blood, and your blood sugar level goes up.
system: Does quitting smoking help insulin resistance?
output: Other ways of getting nicotine can raise your blood glucose, too: Passive smoking, or secondhand smoke (breathing in smoke from other people's cigarettes) Chewing tobacco (dip, pinch, chew) Nicotine gum Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, vaping) Your insulin resistance might get a little bit worse if you gain weight in the first few weeks after you stop using nicotine -- but stick with it. By the end of the second month, insulin will begin to work better. If you don't already have diabetes, you may be more likely to get type 2 after you quit. The chance of getting it is highest for the first 2 years. That's usually because you've gained weight, so talk to your doctor about ways to avoid putting on pounds. After 2 years, the chances begins to drop, and by 12 years, you'll be on a level playing field with someone who never smoked.
system: What are other ways of getting nicotine?
output: Other ways of getting nicotine can raise your blood glucose, too: Passive smoking, or secondhand smoke (breathing in smoke from other people's cigarettes) Chewing tobacco (dip, pinch, chew) Nicotine gum Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs, vaping) Your insulin resistance might get a little bit worse if you gain weight in the first few weeks after you stop using nicotine -- but stick with it.
system: Can nicotine lead to insulin resistance?
output: Nicotine changes chemical processes in your cells so they don't respond to insulin and let it in, a condition called insulin resistance. Nicotine can also trigger your body to make more triglycerides, a type of fat linked to insulin resistance. And nicotine raises levels of hormones that fight insulin.
system: Why is low blood sugar bad for you?
output: Nicotine can make your blood sugar level go up or down. That's a problem because when your blood glucose is too high for a few years, it could lead to heart disease and damage to your kidneys, nerves, and eyes.
system: How does smoking affect insulin resistance?
output: Your cells need insulin so they can take glucose out of your blood and use it for energy. You could have signs of insulin resistance just an hour later. Studies show that people who have diabetes and smoke need larger doses of insulin to control their blood glucose. That's a problem because when your blood glucose is too high for a few years, it could lead to heart disease and damage to your kidneys, nerves, and eyes.
system: Can nicotine affect blood sugar?
output: The chemical alters the way your body can use glucose, the sugar in your blood that fuels your cells. It could raise your odds of getting type 2 diabetes, and it can make your diabetes worse. On the flip side, nicotine may cause severe low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) for people who have diabetes and take insulin. When they can't, the glucose stays in your blood, and your blood sugar level goes up.
system: Who has high HDL cholesterol levels?
output: On the positive side, vigorous exercisers -- such as long-distance runners -- tend to have high HDL cholesterol levels. Before menopause, women tend to have higher HDL cholesterol than men their age.
system: Why is the amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream important?
output: There are four different types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol in the blood: High density lipoprotein ( HDL) or "good cholesterol" Low density lipoprotein ( LDL) or "bad cholesterol" Very low density lipoproteins ( VLDL), which are very bad forms of cholesterol Chylomicrons, which carry very little cholesterol but a lot of another fat called triglycerides The amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream is important because of its role in various cardiovascular diseases. The risk of getting these conditions is complex and depends not only on how much cholesterol but also what kind of cholesterol you have in your blood. Generally speaking, high levels of LDL -- the "bad cholesterol" -- are associated with a higher chance of coronary heart disease; high levels of HDL -- or "good cholesterol" -- are associated with a lower chance.
system: Why is LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol bad?
output: LDL cholesterol collects in the walls of arteries, leading to "hardening of the arteries" or atherosclerosis. People with atherosclerosis are in turn vulnerable to heart failure, heart attack, stroke, and other problems caused by clogged blood vessels. Even so, some people who have high LDL cholesterol never get heart disease, and many heart attack patients do not have high cholesterol levels.
system: What causes cholesterol levels to increase?
output: Cholesterol levels can increase with: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugar Obesity A sedentary lifestyle Since no one can predict which people with high cholesterol will develop heart disease, play it safe and keep your cholesterol levels in check.