laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can diet and exercise prevent colorectal cancer?
output: It is also believed that eating a healthy diet with plenty of fiber, not smoking, and getting exercise may help prevent colorectal cancer. The National Cancer Institute recommends a low-fat, high-fiber diet that includes at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. To reduce fat in your diet, you can change your eating and cooking habits. To increase the amount of fiber in your diet, eat more vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain breads and cereals.
system: How do you know if your toddler's constipation is caused by diet?
output: You should also look for other symptoms that can occur along with constipation, such as: Stomachache Bloating Nausea Loss of appetite General crankiness Crying or screaming during bowel movements Avoiding the toilet (signs that your child is doing this include clenching the buttocks, crossing the legs, turning red, sweating, or crying) Smears or bits of liquid stool in the diaper or underwear (soiling) A variety of things can cause constipation in toddlers, from diet to medication. Here are a few of the most common causes: Diet. The culprit in many cases of toddler constipation is a diet that's too heavy in processed foods, dairy, and sweets, and too light in fiber (like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables). Not getting enough fluid can also lead to constipation, because it makes the stools harder. Any change in diet -- such as when your toddler transitions from breast milk or formula to cow's milk or starts eating new foods -- can also affect the stools.
system: How do you know if your toddler's constipation is caused by physical conditions?
output: In rare cases, an anatomical problem with the intestines, anus, or rectum can cause chronic constipation. Cerebral palsy and other nervous system disorders can also affect a child's ability to go to the bathroom.
system: How do you know if your toddler's constipation is caused by medication?
output: Medication. Some medications or supplements can lead to a constipated toddler, including high-dose iron supplements or narcotic pain medication.
system: What should you know about toddler constipation?
output: Toddlers are, by nature, a finicky bunch. Their moods and whims can change on a dime. Even something as basic as going to the bathroom can get tricky. While some toddlers go to the bathroom every day like clockwork, other kids can go two, three, or even more days without having any bowel movements. Seeing an empty toilet day after day might fill parents with panic, but constipation in toddlers isn't usually a sign of any serious disease. Most often it's caused by a problem that's easy to solve, like diet or ignoring the urge to go.
system: How do you know if your toddler's constipation is caused by a change in routine?
output: Going on vacation and being away from their normal toilet can make some toddlers unwilling to go to the bathroom.
system: How can you treat your toddler's constipation caused by a lack of exercise?
output: Make sure your toddler gets out to play for at least 30 to 60 minutes a day. Moving the body keeps the bowels moving, too.
system: How can you improve your toddler's bowel habits?
output: Some children are embarrassed or afraid to use the toilet, especially when it's a public restroom. Make sure your toddler gets out to play for at least 30 to 60 minutes a day. Put a small stool under your child's feet -- the leverage will help him push. Reward your toddler for using the toilet with a special story or a sticker so it becomes a positive experience.
system: Is it normal for your toddler to have constipation?
output: So how do you know if infrequent bathroom visits are normal for your child, or if you really have a constipated toddler? But if your toddler's constipation lasts for two weeks or more it's called chronic constipation, and you should see your pediatrician.
system: How can you treat your toddler's constipation caused by diet?
output: The culprit in many cases of toddler constipation is a diet that's too heavy in processed foods, dairy, and sweets, and too light in fiber (like whole grains, fruits, and vegetables). Any change in diet -- such as when your toddler transitions from breast milk or formula to cow's milk or starts eating new foods -- can also affect the stools. Make sure your toddler gets out to play for at least 30 to 60 minutes a day.
system: How do you know if your toddler's constipation is caused by a fear of discomfort?
output: Also, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, any child with stools that are large, hard, dry, and accompanied by painful bowel movements, soiling between bowel movements, or blood on the outside of the stool may have constipation. Not using the bathroom can turn into an uncomfortable cycle. Stool begins to build up in the lower part of the bowel, getting bigger and harder until it's even more difficult and painful to pass.
system: What should you keep track of if your child has constipation?
output: Also, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, any child with stools that are large, hard, dry, and accompanied by painful bowel movements, soiling between bowel movements, or blood on the outside of the stool may have constipation. You should also look for other symptoms that can occur along with constipation, such as: Stomachache Bloating Nausea Loss of appetite General crankiness Crying or screaming during bowel movements Avoiding the toilet (signs that your child is doing this include clenching the buttocks, crossing the legs, turning red, sweating, or crying) Smears or bits of liquid stool in the diaper or underwear (soiling) A variety of things can cause constipation in toddlers, from diet to medication.
system: Will I get any other tests in addition to a prothrombin time test?
output: This could be from taking supplements or eating foods high in vitamin K. It depends on what your doctor is looking for. For example, if your doctor thinks you might have a liver problem, you'll likely get more tests to check how your liver's working. If your doctor thinks you have a bleeding disorder, you may get tests to check for those, such as: PTT test Platelet count Thrombin time test von Willebrand factor test (looks for a genetic disorder that causes nosebleeds and other bleeding problems)
system: What other disorders does a prothrombin time test check for?
output: Your doctor might also suggest you get this test to check for: Bone marrow problems Certain cancers, such as leukemia Immune system problems Lack of vitamin K, which is part of many clotting factors Liver problems (your liver makes the clotting factors) Normal blood clotting before you have surgery This test is a basic blood draw and takes just a few minutes.
system: What happens during a prothrombin time test?
output: Your doctor might also suggest you get this test to check for: Bone marrow problems Certain cancers, such as leukemia Immune system problems Lack of vitamin K, which is part of many clotting factors Liver problems (your liver makes the clotting factors) Normal blood clotting before you have surgery This test is a basic blood draw and takes just a few minutes. A lab tech will: Clean the skin where the needle goes in Wrap a rubber strap around your upper arm -- this creates pressure to make your veins swell with blood Insert a thin needle into a vein, usually on the inside of your arm at your elbow or in the back of your hand Draw the blood Remove the rubber strap and put a bandage on your arm or hand In some cases, your doctor may use a finger stick instead, which will give you results more quickly.
system: What are the symptoms of blocked hair follicles?
output: Other things can trigger breakouts: Smoking Being overweight For women, getting your period Hormone changes Heat Sweating At first, blocked hair follicles usually look like breakouts of pimples or boils. They usually form in places where your skin rubs together, like your armpits or groin. If you're a woman, you're more likely to have them on your genitals, upper thighs, or under your breasts. For a man, they happen more on your genitals and around your anus. The bumps may come and go or just stay the same. You might get them in the same spot every time, or they might move around your body. If your condition gets worse, you may have: Deep breakouts that hurt Bumps that burst, and maybe leak fluid that smells bad Scars after your breakouts heal. They may get thicker over time. Skin that looks spongy because of deep lines called tracts Infections In rare cases, skin cancer Your symptoms might change quickly, so blocked hair follicles can look different at different times. One week you might have bumps leaking fluid, and the next, the area may be cleared up.
system: What can trigger blocked hair follicles?
output: Other things can trigger breakouts: Smoking Being overweight For women, getting your period Hormone changes Heat Sweating At first, blocked hair follicles usually look like breakouts of pimples or boils.
system: What are some myths about blocked hair follicles?
output: Doctors know what doesn't cause the condition: It doesn't happen because you don't wash yourself well enough. You can't catch the disease from someone else.
system: When should you see a doctor about blocked hair follicles?
output: Once you start to notice these breakouts, see your doctor as soon as you can to start tackling the problem. You can get treatments that can help clear your skin and maybe prevent more breakouts and complications.
system: What leads to blocked hair follicles?
output: Doctors don't know for sure. Many think hormones might play a role, since the condition usually hits after puberty and breakouts can flare for women around the time they have their periods. The problem is three times more common for women than for men. It may also happen because of your immune system. Most people get clogged hair follicles from time to time, but if you have HS, your body may be overreacting to those blockages. Your genes may make a difference, too. One-third of people who have the condition are related to someone else who has it.
system: What are blocked hair follicles?
output: If your hair follicles get blocked in areas where you also have many oil and sweat glands, you may first notice them as pimple-like bumps on your skin. The condition is also called hidradenitis suppurativa ( HS) or acne inversa. It happens when the shafts where hair grows out of your skin, called follicles, get blocked. There's no cure for the condition, but treatments can make flares happen less often. They may get thicker over time.
system: When should I call my doctor about my warts?
output: Over-the-counter remedies don't work You are a woman and develop genital warts, which in rare cases can be associated with cervical cancer You are older than age 60 and discover what looks like a wart. It may instead be a symptom of a more serious skin condition, such as skin cancer Warts multiply and spread, causing embarrassment or discomfort You notice a change in a wart's color or size; this could indicate that the lesion is not a wart but a skin cancer.
system: What are filiform warts?
output: Filiform warts are thin and thread-like. They commonly appear on the face and neck.
system: What are flat warts?
output: Flat warts appear in groups of up to several hundred, usually on the face, neck, chest, knees, hands, wrists, or forearms. They are slightly raised and have smooth, flat, or rounded tops.
system: What are common warts?
output: Here are some ways to recognize common warts: Common warts are small, hard, rough lumps that are round and elevated. They usually appear on hands and fingers and may be flesh-colored, white, or pink.
system: What are periungual warts?
output: Here are some ways to recognize common warts: Common warts are small, hard, rough lumps that are round and elevated. They appear at the edges of fingernails and toenails and may extend under the nails, causing pain and irregular nail growth.
system: How does laser treatment help in treating toenail fungus?
output: You might have success getting your toenails zapped with targeted lasers. Several types of lasers are used. There isn't a lot of research on them, but so far it seems promising. Laser treatment isn't covered by insurance, though, and it can cost a lot.
system: How can you prevent toenail fungus?
output: And if you don't treat this infection, there's a chance it could get worse. Wear shower shoes in public pools, bathrooms, and locker rooms -- and even in your own bathroom. Change your shoes and socks every day. Wear ones that breathe and don't fit too tight. Trim your nails short and straight across. See your doctor if you think your fungus has come back.
system: What are non-prescription options for toenail fungus?
output: But nail fungus doesn't go away by itself. And if you don't treat this infection, there's a chance it could get worse. Here's a look at what you can try. Prescription polish and creams.
system: How do prescription polish and creams treat toenail fungus?
output: You can buy antifungal creams, gels, and nail polish at the store and online without a prescription. Your foot doctor will likely trim your nail and file away its dead layers. He may also take a piece of your nail and send it to the lab to make sure it's really a fungus, and to find out what type it is. The doctor might suggest an antifungal drug that you paint on your nails. This may work on its own, or he may suggest you take it with antifungal pills.
system: What conditions have been linked to male pattern baldness?
output: Male pattern baldness generally isn't a sign of a serious medical problem, but it has been linked with some other conditions including coronary heart disease, an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. If you notice your hair starting to fall out, keep track of the pattern and how much you're losing. You can talk to your doctor to rule out a more serious problem.
system: What causes sudden hair loss?
output: Other types of hair loss tend to happen faster than male pattern baldness. Other causes include: Diseases like anemia or a thyroid problem Radiation or chemotherapy treatments Medications, such as blood thinners, high doses of vitamin A, and steroids that some men take to help build muscle, called anabolic steroids Scalp infections Problems with your diet, like getting too little iron or too much vitamin A Stress Keeping hairstyles like tight ponytails, cornrows, or braids for many years For most of these issues, your hair will grow back once you take care of what's causing it. Male pattern baldness generally isn't a sign of a serious medical problem, but it has been linked with some other conditions including coronary heart disease, an enlarged prostate or prostate cancer, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure.
system: Can lube help prevent a genital herpes outbreak?
output: Another consideration may be that the friction of sex could irritate the skin and trigger outbreaks. If that's a problem for you, try using a water-based sexual lubricant. K- Y jelly and Astro Glide are two brands available at many drugstores. Don't use an oil-based lubricant, however, because the oil can break down latex. Also, do not use a lubricant containing the spermicide nonoxynol-9. Nonoxynol-9 may cause tiny rips in mucous membranes (such as those on the genitals) that can let viruses like herpes and HIV enter the body more easily.
system: Can you have sex between genital herpes outbreaks?
output: Avoid these sexual activities when you have sores on your genitals, or when you feel a herpes outbreak coming on: Vaginal sex Anal sex Receiving oral sex (fellatio, cunnilingus, and analingus) Between outbreaks, it's OK to have sex, as long as your partner understands and accepts the risk. For example, as long as you don't have herpes sores on your mouth, you can perform oral sex on your partner, including when you have an outbreak of genital symptoms. But your partner can be infected with herpes even when you don't have symptoms or sores. To help prevent that, always use a latex condom for vaginal sex, anal sex, and receiving fellatio. Condoms are not guaranteed to prevent infection, but research has shown that they provide some protection. Use a dental dam for cunnilingus and analingus.
system: How do medications control genital herpes?
output: You might also consider taking antiviral drug therapy for genital herpes to reduce the amount of virus you shed. A recent study shows that daily suppressive therapy (taking a drug daily to sharply reduce the frequency of outbreaks) may help keep your partner from being infected. ( You should still use a condom, however, because suppressive therapy is just 50% effective in preventing transmission.) Daily therapy isn't the only option, or necessarily the best one for you. If your outbreaks are few and far between, you might set your mind at ease by keeping a supply of antiviral pills that you could take in case of a flare-up. Ask your doctor if you could benefit from taking medication for genital herpes.
system: Can I have sex during a genital herpes outbreak?
output: Avoid these sexual activities when you have sores on your genitals, or when you feel a herpes outbreak coming on: Vaginal sex Anal sex Receiving oral sex (fellatio, cunnilingus, and analingus) Between outbreaks, it's OK to have sex, as long as your partner understands and accepts the risk. To help prevent that, always use a latex condom for vaginal sex, anal sex, and receiving fellatio. Just make sure you don't have any broken skin on your hands, and wash hands with soap and warm water afterward. Also, never touch a herpes sore and then touch your partner, and make sure no bodily fluids could be exchanged by accident. If you and your partner like vibrators or dildos, you could try using them on each other. Make sure you wash the toy before and after, and don't share it.
system: How do Nucala. Xolair, and Cinqair work to improve asthma control?
output: Mepolizumab ( Nucala) is a biologic therapy that has been found to control the blood cells that often trigger asthma. Nucala targets Interluken-5 ( IL-5) which regulates the levels of blood eosinophils (the type of white blood cells that helps trigger asthma). Genetically engineered, Nucala keeps IL-5 from binding to eosinophils and, thereby, lowers the risk of a severe asthma attack. Nucala is administered by injection once every 4 weeks and is meant to be used in conjunction with other asthma treatments as a maintenance medication. By using Nucala, patients have been found to not only experience fewer asthma incidents, but they are able to reduce the amount of their other asthma medications. Side effects include headache and a hypersensitivity reaction that can cause swelling of the face and tongue, dizziness, hives, and breathing problems. Omalizumab( Xolair), an immunomodulator, works differently from other anti-inflammatory medications for asthma . Xolair blocks the activity of Ig E (a protein that is overproduced in people with allergies) before it can lead to asthma attacks. Immunomodulator treatment has been shown to help reduce the number of asthma attacks in people with moderate to severe allergic asthma whose symptoms are not controlled with inhaled steroids. Xolair, a prescription maintenance medication, is given by injection every 2 to 4 weeks. It's recommended for people with moderate to severe allergic asthma. Side effects may include redness, pain, swelling, bruising or itching at the injection site, joint pain, and tiredness. There is a slight increase in risk for problems with the heart and circulation to the brain in people using Xolair. It also carries a boxed warning about a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Reslizumab ( Cinqair) is also maintenance medication. It is used along with regular asthma medicines when those medicines cannot fully control your asthma. This medicine is given every 4 weeks as an intravenous injection over a period of about an hour. This drug works by reducing the number of a specific type of white blood cells called eosinophils that play a role in causing asthma symptoms. It can reduce severe asthma attacks. Side effects include anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction), muscle pain, and cancer.
system: How do the leukotriene modifiers improve asthma control?
output: Montelukast ( Singulair), zafirlukast ( Accolate), and zileuton ( Zyflo) are called leukotriene modifiers. Leukotrienes are inflammatory chemicals that occur naturally in our bodies and cause tightening of airway muscles and production of mucus. Leukotriene modifier drugs help control asthma by blocking the actions of leukotrienes in the body. Studies show that these medications are helpful in improving airflow and reducing asthma symptoms. The leukotriene modifiers are taken as pills and have been shown to decrease the need for other asthma medications. These medications have also been shown to be effective in people with allergic rhinitis (nasal allergies) and may be effective in people with both allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.
system: What forms do inhaled steroids for asthma come in?
output: Inhaled steroid medications for better asthma control include: Beclomethasone dipropionate( Qvar) Budesonide ( Pulmicort) Budesonide/ Formoterol ( Symbicort) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator drug Fluticasone ( Flovent) Fluticasone inh powder ( Arnuity Ellipta) Fluticasone/ Salmeterol ( Advair) - a combination drug that includes a steroid and a long-actingbronchodilator drug Mometasone ( Asmanex) Mometasone/formoterol ( Dulera) - a combination drug that also includes a long-acting bronchodilator drug Inhaled steroids come in three forms: the hydrofluoroalkane inhaler or HFA (formerly called a metered dose inhaler or MDI), dry powder inhaler ( DPI), and nebulizer solutions.
system: How do prednisone and systemic steroids work to increase asthma control?
output: The benefits of inhaled steroids for better asthma control far exceed their risks, and include: Reduced frequency of asthma attacks Decreased use of beta-agonist bronchodilators (quick relief or rescue inhalers) Improved lung function Reduced emergency room visits and hospitalizations for life-threatening asthma Using systemic steroids (steroids taken by mouth or by injection that can affect the entire body) such as prednisone , prednisolone, and methylprednisolone helps to treat severe asthma episodes, allowing people to gain better asthma control. Prednisone and other steroid drugs may be used to help control sudden and severe asthma attacks or in rare cases to treat long-term, hard-to-control asthma. Most often, prednisone or another steroid is taken in high doses for a few days (called a steroid burst) for more a severe asthma attack. Side effects of systemic steroids can include weakness, acne , weight gain, mood or behavior changes, upset stomach, bone loss, eye changes, and slowing of growth. These side effects rarely occur with short-term use, such as for an acute asthma attack.
system: How does the use of inhaled steroids treat asthma?
output: Inhaled steroids are the mainstay treatment for controlling asthma. The use of inhaled steroids leads to: Better asthma control Fewer symptoms and flare-ups Reduced need for hospitalization Steroids may help asthma symptoms during an attack but are slow acting and can take several hours to take effect.