laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Who develops cholesterol problems?
output: Most of your body's fat is triglycerides. Some families are genetically blessed with low total cholesterol or high levels of HDL ("good cholesterol"), regardless of diet or lifestyle. Other families inherit genes that increase their risk for high cholesterol. In these people, eating a diet high in saturated fat can significantly raise cholesterol levels. Stress can also raise blood cholesterol levels, especially since stress can lead to poor eating habits that may increase cholesterol intake.
system: What are anti-angiogenesis drugs for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Cancer cells need blood vessels to "feed" them oxygen-rich blood so they can grow and survive. Bevacizumab ( Avastin), ramucirumab ( Cyramza), and ziv-aflibercept ( Zaltrap) block a protein called VEGF, which helps blood vessels grow. Without a blood supply, the tumors "starve." You may get these drugs along with chemo.
system: What are EGFR inhibitors in stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Cetuximab ( Erbitux) and panitumumab ( Vectibix) slow cancer growth by blocking a protein called EGFR that helps cancer cells grow. These drugs don't work well in cancers that have changes (mutations) to a gene called RAS. Your doctor will test you to make sure you don't have the RAS gene change before you get one of these drugs.
system: What are the side effects of targeted therapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Side effects depend on which drug you get. They can include: Loss of appetite Fatigue Diarrhea Weight loss Dry mouth Sores in the mouth or throat Rash Weakness Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Serious side effects are rare.
system: What are immune checkpoint inhibitors for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) block PD-1 protein on immune cells called T cells. They help shrink and stop the growth of tumors.
system: What are the side effects of chemotherapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: There are several kinds of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer. You may get more than one of them. Sometimes, doctors combine chemo with targeted therapy (see below). Chemo drugs can cause side effects like: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Numbness, tingling, and weakness from nerve damage in your feet and hands Mouth sores More infections than usual You've probably heard of people losing their hair when they get chemotherapy.
system: When would stage IV colon cancer patients get chemotherapy?
output: You may get chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors so they're easier to remove. Chemo is sometimes given after surgery to destroy any cancer cells left behind. You might get only chemo if you can't have surgery.
system: What are the side effects of ablation or cryotherapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Side effects from these treatments are usually mild and can include: Fever Infection Bleeding Targeted therapies block substances that cancer cells need to grow and spread.
system: What are targeted therapies for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Side effects from these treatments are usually mild and can include: Fever Infection Bleeding Targeted therapies block substances that cancer cells need to grow and spread. They slow or stop cancer growth while sparing healthy cells. This means you may have fewer side effects than you would with chemo drugs.
system: What are the side effects of radiation?
output: Radiation can have side effects such as: Fatigue Skin redness Diarrhea Bloody stools These side effects should stop once your treatment ends.
system: What happens after the cancerous part of the colon is removed?
output: After removing the part of your colon that has cancer, your surgeon may sew the ends of your intestines together so that stool can continue to pass through. You might get a colostomy, which attaches the end of your colon to an opening in your belly, where waste will leave your body. Some people only need to use a pouch while they heal from surgery. Once the colostomy is removed, you can use the bathroom normally again.
system: How soon can someone go home after receiving ablation or cryotherapy?
output: Either way, you'll wear a pouch on the outside of your body to collect waste.
system: What treatments are best for stage IV colon cancer?
output: Which treatment you get depends on where in your body the cancer has spread. It often spreads to the liver. It also can reach the lungs, lining of the abdomen, or lymph nodes in other parts of your body. You'll get the treatment that's most likely to work for you.
system: How often does chemotherapy make the hair of stage IV colon cancer patients fall out?
output: But the types of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer usually don't make hair fall out. Your doctor has ways to help you manage chemo side effects and feel better during treatment. Side effects should improve once you finish treatment.
system: What are the serious side effects of targeted therapy for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: They can include: Slow wound healing Severe bleeding or bruising A hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine Your doctor may suggest you try: Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
system: How often do stage IV colon cancer patients receive radiation?
output: You'll get radiation therapy 5 days a week for a certain number of weeks. For this treatment, you'll visit your doctor's office or a hospital. A machine will aim the X-rays at your body. This is called external-beam radiation therapy. There are other types of radiation: Stereotactic radiation therapy comes from a machine outside your body.
system: What is stereotactic radiation therapy?
output: There are other types of radiation: Stereotactic radiation therapy comes from a machine outside your body. It targets a small area, like an area in the lung or liver where the disease has spread.
system: What happens after surgery for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: If there isn't enough colon left, the end of your small intestine will be attached to the opening. This is called an ileostomy. Either way, you'll wear a pouch on the outside of your body to collect waste. After surgery, you might be in some pain. Some people have bowel problems like constipation or diarrhea. These side effects often go away. It might take a few weeks or months for your bowel habits to get back to normal after surgery. If the tumor blocks your colon, the surgeon could put in a tube called a stent to keep the bowel open. You'll get that stent put in during a colonoscopy.
system: What is brachytherapy?
output: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
system: What will the surgeon remove during stage IV colon cancer surgery?
output: Your surgeon will remove the part of your colon, liver, or lungs where the cancer is. She will also remove nearby lymph nodes, because cancer can spread through them to other parts of your body.
system: When is surgery used for stage IV colon cancer?
output: But in others, it may only ease symptoms. These treatments often can be used if your cancer has spread to the liver.
system: What is radiation?
output: But in others, it may only ease symptoms. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
system: What are kinase inhibitors for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: Kinase inhibitors. To get a targeted therapy, you will visit a hospital or medical center once every 2 to 3 weeks. You take some of these drugs through your vein, but one comes in the form of a pill.
system: What are clinical trials for stage IV colon cancer patients?
output: There are several kinds of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer. They often are a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.
system: What is hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy?
output: You might get only chemo if you can't have surgery. Your doctor places a pump that delivers the chemo drug straight into your liver through an artery. Because the medicine doesn't go through your whole body -- just into your liver -- you can get a higher dose without having more side effects.
system: What is the difference between ablation and cryotherapy?
output: Surgery sometimes can be used if the cancer has spread to your liver or lungs. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. A CT or ultrasound scan will help your surgeon guide a thin probe to the tumor. The probe delivers high-energy radio waves to heat the tumor or very cold gas to freeze it.
system: What can nasal polyps lead to?
output: Nasal polyps make you more likely to have long-term (chronic) sinusitis. Large ones can even change the shape of your nose.
system: Who typically gets nasal polyps?
output: Anyone can, but they're most common in adults over age 40 and are twice as likely to affect men as women. Children under age 10 rarely get them. If they do, a doctor will check for signs of cystic fibrosis. Nasal polyps are linked to allergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin allergy, sinus infections, acute and chronic infections, something stuck in the nose, and cystic fibrosis. But many times the cause is unknown. Sometimes, people get them before they develop asthma or sinusitis. Some experts think that symptoms of allergies -- including runny nose, sneezing, and itching -- make some people more likely to get nasal polyps.
system: What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
output: If you have any symptoms, they may include: Stuffy or blocked nose Sneezing Postnasal drip Runny nose Facial pain Trouble with sense of smell Loss of taste Itching around the eyes Infections Most people with nasal polyps have a runny nose, sneezing, and postnasal drip. About 75% have problems with their sense of smell. Many people also have wheezing, sinus infections, and sensitivity to fumes, odors, dusts, and chemicals. It's less common, but some people with nasal polyps also have a severe allergy to aspirin and reaction to yellow dyes. If you know you have that allergy, ask your doctor to check for nasal polyps.
system: When is surgery needed for nasal polyps?
output: Sometimes, nasal polyps are so large that corticosteroid nasal sprays don't work. In such cases, surgery may be an option. The doctor would likely use a small nasal telescope that removes nasal polyps. You can go home the same day as the surgery. Surgery helps in most cases. It may be less effective if you have nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. If that's you, medication may be more helpful.
system: What should I know about nasal polyps?
output: Nasal polyps are common, noncancerous, teardrop-shaped growths that form in the nose or sinuses. They're usually found around the area where the sinuses open into the nasal cavity. Mature ones look like peeled grapes. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Often linked to allergies or asthma, they may cause no symptoms, especially if they're small and don't need treatment. Larger ones can block normal drainage from the sinuses. When too much mucus builds up in the sinuses, it can become infected. Unlike polyps that form in the colon or bladder, nasal ones are rarely cancer. Experts think that long-term inflammation causes them or that they run in families. Nasal polyps aren't painful to the touch. Medications or surgery can treat most.
system: How are nasal polyps treated?
output: They may come back, though. If you know you have that allergy, ask your doctor to check for nasal polyps. She'll use a nasal endoscope, which is a tool with a magnifying lens or camera that provides a detailed view of your nose and sinuses. In some cases, your doctor may order more tests or take a small sample (a biopsy) of the polyp. If you need treatment, you'll probably start with a nasal corticosteroid spray. In many cases, that can shrink or even get rid of nasal polyps. So you may need to keep using a corticosteroid spray and get checkups with a nasal endoscope every now and then. In general, medications such as antihistamines and decongestants aren't great at managing nasal polyps.
system: Is there a supplement that can cure diabetes?
output: Supplements don't cure diabetes, either. Some natural supplements may interact dangerously with your diabetes medication. Others have been shown to help improve your diabetes, but always check with your doctor before taking any supplement. Be skeptical about claims of a diabetes cure. A genuine cure will have been tested repeatedly in clinical trials with clear success.
system: Is there a cure for diabetes?
output: But the reality is that there is no cure for diabetes -- neither type 1 diabetes nor type 2 diabetes. ( Although lifestyle changes can achieve remission in type 2 diabetes in some cases.) However, there are treatments, including simple things you can do daily, that make a big difference.
system: Can islet cell transplantation be a cure for diabetes?
output: Islet cells sense blood sugar levels and make insulin. The cells come from a donor. Once transplanted successfully, the donor cells begin to make and release insulin in response to blood sugar levels. This procedure can provide more flexibility with meal planning and help protect against serious long-term diabetes complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve and eye damage. The person receiving the transplant must take medicine for the rest of their life to prevent their body from rejecting the donor's cells.
system: How can I manage blood sugar levels effectively?
output: To manage diabetes effectively, you need to do the following: Manage your blood sugar levels. Know what to do to help keep them as near to normal as possible every day: Check your glucose levels frequently. Take your diabetes medicine regularly. And balance your food intake with medication, exercise, stress management, and good sleep habits.
system: How effective are treatments for diabetes?
output: Even though there's no diabetes cure, diabetes can be treated and controlled, and some people may go into remission.
system: Could a pancreas transplantation cure diabetes?
output: Getting a transplanted pancreas is a possibility for some people with type 1 diabetes. It's usually done in those who also have end-stage kidney (renal) disease. A pancreatic transplant would help restore blood sugar control. Like anyone else who gets a transplant, the patient would need to take medicine for the rest of their life to help their body accept their new pancreas.
system: Can diabetes go into remission?
output: Even though there's no diabetes cure, diabetes can be treated and controlled, and some people may go into remission.
system: How can you manage your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes?
output: To manage diabetes effectively, you need to do the following: Manage your blood sugar levels. Know what to do to help keep them as near to normal as possible every day: Check your glucose levels frequently. Take your diabetes medicine regularly. And balance your food intake with medication, exercise, stress management, and good sleep habits.
system: What is an islet cell transplantation for diabetes?
output: Islet cells sense blood sugar levels and make insulin. The cells come from a donor. Once transplanted successfully, the donor cells begin to make and release insulin in response to blood sugar levels. This procedure can provide more flexibility with meal planning and help protect against serious long-term diabetes complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve and eye damage. The person receiving the transplant must take medicine for the rest of their life to prevent their body from rejecting the donor's cells.
system: Is there a natural therapy that can cure diabetes?
output: Natural therapies such as deep abdominal breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and biofeedback can help relieve stress. And emotional stress affects your blood sugar levels.
system: How does weight loss surgery help treat diabetes?
output: Weight Loss Surgery After weight loss surgery, many people with type 2 diabetes see their blood sugar levels return to near normal. Some experts call this a remission. It's not unusual for people to no longer need diabetes medicines after weight loss surgery. The more weight a person loses after surgery, the greater improvement in blood sugar control. After surgery, if extra weight returns, your diabetes can return too.
system: What lifestyle changes can help me manage my diabetes?
output: Plan what you eat at each meal. Stick to your diabetes eating plan as often as possible. Bring healthy snacks with you. You'll be less likely to snack on empty calories. Exercise regularly. Exercise helps you keep you fit, burns calories, and helps normalize your blood glucose levels. Keep up with your medical appointments. That includes your doctor, diabetes educator, ophthalmologist, dentist, podiatrist, and other health care professionals.
system: Are stem cells a cure for diabetes?
output: Stem cells are cells that can develop into other types of cells. Scientists have had some success with stem cells in type 1 diabetes.
system: How can food and exercise help me manage diabetes effectively?
output: Plan what you eat at each meal. Stick to your diabetes eating plan as often as possible. Bring healthy snacks with you. You'll be less likely to snack on empty calories. Exercise regularly. Exercise helps you keep you fit, burns calories, and helps normalize your blood glucose levels.
system: What can you do to keep a healthy weight to manage diabetes?
output: So learning to relax is important in managing your diabetes. Exercise regularly.
system: Can a pancreas transplantation cure diabetes?
output: But the reality is that there is no cure for diabetes -- neither type 1 diabetes nor type 2 diabetes. The more weight a person loses after surgery, the greater improvement in blood sugar control. Like anyone else who gets a transplant, the patient would need to take medicine for the rest of their life to help their body accept their new pancreas.
system: What are the symptoms of  juvenile X-linked retinoschisis?
output: Symptoms XJR starts at birth and usually affects both eyes. Symptoms can appear in the first few months of life. Some boys, though, aren't diagnosed until they start school and have trouble reading. Their vision often gets worse during childhood and then levels off for a while. When a man reaches his 50s and 60s, his vision might start to worsen again. Some people lose a lot of their vision by adulthood, but it's rare for retinoschisis to cause blindness. Other symptoms include: Eyes that look in different directions (strabismus) Poor close-up vision (farsightedness) Bleeding in your eye caused by damaged blood vessels In rare cases, the retina will pull away from the eye completely. This is called retinal detachment, and it can lead to serious vision loss. People who have retinal detachment will need surgery to fix it.
system: What is the treatment for juvenile x-linked retinoschisis?
output: Treatment No medicine or surgery can treat a divided retina. Glasses can't do much if your vision is bad because of nerve damage, but they can help if you're nearsighted (can't see far away) or farsighted. Large-print textbooks, computer screens, and other low-vision tools can help children in school. Bleeding in your eye is treated with a laser or with cold (cryotherapy) to close damaged blood vessels in the retina. Surgery can fix a detached retina. Researchers are testing new treatments for retinoschisis. One of these replaces the damaged gene with a copy of a healthy gene. Stem cell treatments are also being studied.
system: What are the symptoms of senile retinoschisis?
output: Symptoms SR doesn't usually cause vision loss or other symptoms and, typically, is only found during an eye exam. Over time, some people lose a little of their side vision. In rare cases, the retina can become detached.
system: What are the symptoms of juvenile x-linked retinoschisis?
output: Symptoms XJR starts at birth and usually affects both eyes. Symptoms can appear in the first few months of life. Some boys, though, aren't diagnosed until they start school and have trouble reading. Their vision often gets worse during childhood and then levels off for a while. When a man reaches his 50s and 60s, his vision might start to worsen again. Some people lose a lot of their vision by adulthood, but it's rare for retinoschisis to cause blindness. Other symptoms include: Eyes that look in different directions (strabismus) Poor close-up vision (farsightedness) Bleeding in your eye caused by damaged blood vessels In rare cases, the retina will pull away from the eye completely. This is called retinal detachment, and it can lead to serious vision loss. People who have retinal detachment will need surgery to fix it.
system: What are the causes of juvenile x-linked retinoschisis?
output: Causes XJR is caused by a change -- or mutation -- to a gene. If a girl gets the problem gene from a parent, she'll carry the disorder but won't have symptoms. If a boy gets the gene, he'll have the disorder. If a mother has the gene, her female children have a 50% chance of being a carrier. Her male children have a 50% chance of having the disorder. Men who have the gene can't pass it to their sons, but their daughters will be carriers.
system: What is the treatment for degenerative (senile) retinoschisis?
output: Diagnosis Tests your eye doctor might recommend include: Visual acuity test to check how well you can focus Field of vision test to measure your central and side vision Ophthalmoscopy to look at the back of your eye, including the retina Slit lamp exam to get a large, three-dimensional (3- D) view of the different parts of your eye Treatment People with degenerative retinoschisis usually don't need treatment. See your eye doctor for regular checkups to make sure you don't have any vision loss. If the retina detaches, your doctor will treat it with surgery.
system: What are the symptoms of degenerative (senile) retinoschisis?
output: Symptoms SR doesn't usually cause vision loss or other symptoms and, typically, is only found during an eye exam. Over time, some people lose a little of their side vision. In rare cases, the retina can become detached.
system: What causes juvenile X-linked retinoschisis?
output: Causes XJR is caused by a change -- or mutation -- to a gene. If a girl gets the problem gene from a parent, she'll carry the disorder but won't have symptoms. If a boy gets the gene, he'll have the disorder. If a mother has the gene, her female children have a 50% chance of being a carrier. Her male children have a 50% chance of having the disorder. Men who have the gene can't pass it to their sons, but their daughters will be carriers.
system: What is juvenile x-linked retinoschisis?
output: There are two forms of this condition: Juvenile X-linked retinoschisis Degenerative (senile) retinoschisis This rare condition, sometimes called XJR, mainly affects boys and men. It damages an area in the middle of the retina called the macula. The macula gives you clear central vision, and lets you focus on things in front of you, like a book or computer. Sometimes the condition also can affect your side, or peripheral, vision.