laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can you have sex if you have a feeding tube?
output: If you're unable to eat and drink like you used to, a feeding tube can help you get the nutrition you need and lower your chances of choking. If you're on the road, carry a wallet-sized card to quickly describe why you're not eating or eating in a different way. If your doctor hasn't discussed sex with you, bring it up.
system: Should I talk to my doctor before starting a gluten-free diet to help treat my psoriatic arthritis?
output: Talk to your doctor before you start this diet. They may test your blood to see if you're allergic to gluten.
system: What causes an infection if you have hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?
output: In HS, the opening to hair follicles in areas with a lot of oils and sweat glands gets clogged. Oily material and sweat build up inside, forming a pimple or boil. If bacteria are trapped behind the clog, they can grow and cause an infection. If the inflamed lump bursts under your skin, the infection will spread to nearby sweat glands and hair follicles. Without treatment, the infection can spread to the skin itself or to your blood. That's extremely rare but very serious.
system: Does hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) cause scars?
output: But if you get treatment for it early on, you may avoid the most serious complications. Severe, raised scars may be treated with steroid shots or removed by a surgeon. Scar tissue can interfere with the lymph drainage system. That may lead to swelling in the arms, legs, or genitals.
system: Is it possible to have an extra sinus?
output: A deviated septum is one reason some people have sinus issues.
system: What should you do if your sinus problems are allergy related?
output: If your sinus problems are related to allergies: Avoid your allergy triggers. Use antihistamines and decongestants if needed. Talk to your doctor to see if you need prescription medicines, allergy shots, or other forms of "immunotherapy" (such as under-the-tongue tablets). Lastly, if your sinus problems keep coming back, you can ask your doctor about the pros and cons of surgery to clean and drain the sinuses.
system: What is a sinus blockage?
output: It narrows that transition space. Drink plenty of fluids to thin the mucus.
system: What should you look for in cosmetics if you have eczema?
output: Shea butter, glycerin, and lanolin. These moisturizing ingredients repair your skin and help it look healthier. Look for skin care products that list one of these first, second, or third on the ingredients list. It helps draw moisture from the air to your skin. Smooth on cream with hyaluronic acid for an extra boost of moisture and to ease flaky, dry skin. Niacinamide. If red patches show through no matter how many layers of makeup you pile on, try a serum or cream that has this compound, also called vitamin B3. It can reduce redness from eczema by strengthening your skin's natural barrier. Apply niacinamide cream first, then put on cosmetics. Glycolic acid, salicylic acid, and retinol.
system: How can a chest X-ray help diagnose tuberculosis?
output: If you have a positive skin or blood TB test, your doctor may give you a chest X-ray. They'll look for spots on your lungs or any changes caused by TB.
system: What is a latent tuberculosis (TB) infection?
output: With a latent TB infection, you have the TB bacteria, but you don't feel sick and you have no symptoms. You can't spread TB to anyone else. The only sign that you have a TB infection is a positive TB skin test or blood test. With a latent infection, you'll have a negative chest X-ray and a negative sputum test. About 5% to 10% of people who have a latent TB infection will eventually get active TB disease. Your chance of it depends on your medical history.
system: What can I ask my doctor about psoriais?
output: Treatment for psoriasis can be demanding and cause side effects. They might help you figure out the best way to treat your psoriasis. Although not all of these questions may apply to your situation, it's still a good idea to look them over. If my psoriasis doesn't bother me much, do I really need treatment? Will I need different kinds of treatments for different parts of my body, such as my elbows, groin, face, scalp, or fingernails? Is my psoriasis so severe that I need to use phototherapy or systemic therapy instead of topical treatments? What are the side effects of these treatments? Does your office have all treatments for psoriasis available -- such as light boxes for phototherapy -- and do you routinely prescribe systemic or biologic medications to treat the condition? If I'm too busy to make regular phototherapy appointments, can I use a light box at home? Should I be evaluated for psoriatic arthritis? If you think I have psoriatic arthritis, should I see a rheumatologist as well? What treatment will help both my psoriasis and arthritis symptoms? How much will psoriasis treatment cost? Does my insurance limit the number of therapeutic choices that are open to me? Will my therapy be long-term, or will it be sporadic? How often will I need to come in for check-ups in order to treat my psoriasis effectively? If nothing seems to help my psoriasis, what should I do? Are there any medical conditions that may prevent me from getting systemic treatments? What do you need to know about my past medical history?
system: What are risks of theanine?
output: It's not clear if using theanine supplements in the long-term is safe. Risks. We don't know if theanine is safe for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
system: What can trigger restless legs syndrome?
output: Clothing -- If you're sensitive to certain fabrics or tight clothing, try different clothes, especially when you sleep, to see if that affects your symptoms.
system: What causes Lyme Disease?
output: But most cases have been reported in these states: â¢ Connecticut â¢ Delaware â¢ Maine â¢ Maryland â¢ Massachusetts â¢ Minnesota â¢ New Hampshire â¢ New Jersey â¢ New York â¢ Pennsylvania â¢ Rhode Island â¢ Vermont â¢ Virginia â¢ Wisconsin Lyme disease is caused by bacteria transmitted through the bite of the tiny black-legged, or deer, tick found in the Eastern and Central U. S., and the western black-legged tick in the Pacific West. The riskiest months for Lyme disease are May through September, when young ticks are likely to be biting.
system: How long will I be in the hospital after knee or hip replacement surgery?
output: You'll leave the hospital about 3 days after your surgery. Your doctor may ask you to stay overnight for days or weeks at a rehab center before going home. Other folks go straight back home. If you go back to your own place after the hospital, you'll probably visit a clinic three times a week for physical therapy sessions that last about an hour each.
system: What are the first steps to rehab after a knee or hip replacement surgery?
output: As soon as a few hours after your surgery -- depending on your condition and your doctor's orders -- a physical therapist may get you up out of bed to practice using a walker or crutches. You'll also learn how to get in and out of a chair, and begin exercises that strengthen the muscles in your legs. You may also have a session with an occupational therapist, who will teach you simple ways to navigate your kitchen or put on your socks and shoes.
system: How long does a rehab program take after a knee or hip replacement surgery?
output: You'll also learn how to get in and out of a chair, and begin exercises that strengthen the muscles in your legs. If you've had a hip replacement, you'll work on your "abductors," the muscles that help you coordinate your movements for all kinds of things, such as walking, dancing, or getting in and out of a car.
system: What should I do after a knee or hip replacement surgery?
output: Physical therapy will help ease pain and swelling and get you closer to recovery. Your health team won't wait long to get you on your feet. Your rehab starts while you're still in the hospital. You're ready now to head back to work and get back to the activities you enjoy, from playing sports to shopping 'til you drop.
system: How can I improve how well my joint moves after a knee or hip replacement surgery?
output: As soon as a few hours after your surgery -- depending on your condition and your doctor's orders -- a physical therapist may get you up out of bed to practice using a walker or crutches. Your therapist will lead you through exercises to help you bend and straighten it. You may also need to use a type of equipment called an isokinetic machine that does the work for you. Riding a stationary bike can also help. Before your surgery, joint pain may have slowed you down and made you weaker.
system: What happens during testicular cancer surgery?
output: During: Your surgeon will make a small incision â a cut -- into the abdomen just above your pubic area. He will take out the whole testicle. He will then cut what's called the âspermatic cord,â which holds the vessels that carry blood and fluid to the testicles. This is done to keep cancer cells from going to other parts of your body. The surgery usually takes about 30 minutes. The testicle is examined to check for cancer or signs that it has spread.
system: How can I prepare for testicular cancer surgery?
output: Other things you'll want to remember: Be prepared to take it easy for 2 to 4 weeks after surgery. Make sure you have someone to take you home from the hospital. You won't be able to drive. Wear loose-fitting pants. Leave your valuables at home. Have your insurance papers in order.
system: Will testicular cancer surgery affect my ability to control ejaculation?
output: Control: There's a chance that surgery to remove lymph nodes may damage the nerves that control ejaculation. Talk with your doctor to find out more.
system: Will testicular cancer surgery affect my sex drive?
output: Sex drive: Since the testicles produce the male hormone testosterone, taking out both could result in a lower sex drive. Supplements that come in patches, gels, or shots can help reduce those effects.
system: Does having testicular cancer always require surgery?
output: It's one of most successfully treated forms of cancer. About 95% of men will survive more than 5 years after it's found. For almost all stages and types of testicular cancer, the testicle is removed. You might hear a doctor call this a radical inguinal orchiectomy. The doctors will numb your groin area so you can have the surgery while you're awake, or you will be given something to make you sleep.
system: Will testicular cancer surgery affect my sex life?
output: You'll probably will be able to go home the same day, but you should always be ready for an overnight stay at the hospital just in case. You should be able to get an erection and have sex if you lose just one testicle.
system: How long should I take antibiotics for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
output: Your doctor will let you know. Typically, for an uncomplicated infection, you'll take antibiotics for 2 to 3 days. Some people will need to take these medicines for up to 7 to 10 days. For a complicated infection, you might need to take antibiotics for 14 days or more. A follow-up urine test can show whether the germs are gone. If you still have an infection, you'll need to take antibiotics for a longer period of time. If you get UTIs often, you may need to take low-dose antibiotics every day for 6 months or longer. And if sex causes your UTIs, you'll take a dose of the medicine right before you have sex. You can also take antibiotics whenever you get a new UTI.
system: What will your doctor consider when choosing an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infections (UTI)?
output: Your doctor will also consider these factors when choosing an antibiotic: Are you pregnant? Are you over age 65? Are you allergic to any antibiotics? Have you had any side effects from antibiotics in the past?
system: When should you call your doctor about taking antibiotics for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
output: Your UTI symptoms should improve in a few days. Call your doctor if: Your symptoms don't go away Your symptoms get worse Your symptoms come back after you've been treated You have bothersome side effects from your antibiotics
system: Which antibiotics work best to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
output: Then the lab will grow the germs in a dish for a couple of days to find out which type of bacteria you have. This is called a culture. It'll tell your doctor what type of germs caused your infection. He'll likely prescribe one of the following antibiotics to treat it before the culture comes back: Amoxicillin/augmentin Ceftriaxone ( Rocephin) Cephalexin ( Keflex) Ciprofloxacin ( Cipro) Fosfomycin ( Monurol) Levofloxacin ( Levaquin) Nitrofurantoin ( Macrodantin, Macrobid) Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ( Bactrim, Septra) Which medication and dose you get depends on whether your infection is complicated or uncomplicated. Your doctor will let you know.
system: What should I know about antibiotics that treat urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
output: The best way to treat a UTI -- and to relieve symptoms like pain, burning, and an urgent need to pee -- is with antibiotics. These medications kill bacteria that cause the infection. It's important to take them just as your doctor prescribed. Which antibiotic you get and how long you take it depend on two things: what kind of bacteria caused your infection and how severe your UTI is. â Uncomplicatedâ means your urinary tract is normal.
system: Why should I take the full dose for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
output: A urinary tract infection ( UTI) starts when bacteria get into your bladder, kidneys, or another part of your urinary tract. Some of these include: Rash Diarrhea Nausea, vomiting Headache Tendon or nerve damage Antibiotics work well against UTIs. You might start to feel better after being on the medicine for just a few days. These germs can become resistant to antibiotics. That means the meds will no longer kill these bugs in the future. So if you get another UTI, the medication you take might not treat it. Take the full course of your medicine to make sure all the bacteria are dead.
system: When should you seek medical help about gastroenteritis?
output: Seek medical help if: Vomiting in an adult or a child age 2 or older lasts more than 1 day or a fever or severe diarrhea (large amounts of loose stool every 1 to 2 hours) lasts more than 2 days. A child under age 2 has vomiting or diarrhea for more than 12 hours or has a fever with vomiting and diarrhea. Vomit or diarrhea turns bloody or tarry. The person has kidney, liver, or heart disease and must restrict fluid intake. The person develops sudden, severe abdominal pain. Dehydration symptoms develop. Symptoms fail to resolve after a week.
system: What should you do while recovering from gastroenteritis?
output: Gradually ease food back into the person's diet. Start with bland, easy-to-digest food such as crackers, bananas, toast, rice, and chicken. Avoid dairy, caffeine, and alcohol until recovery is complete. If medical treatment is necessary, the person may receive fluids intravenously and anti-nausea medications.
system: How is broken heart syndrome diagnosed?
output: People call it âbroken heart syndrome,â and it's real. Imaging tests -- a coronary angiogram, for example -- would show that your organ's lower left chamber is bigger than normal, and that your heart isn't pumping the way it should. Tell your doctor about your loss and your grief, too. This can help him figure out what's going on. You may need medicines to manage your blood pressure and lighten some of the strain on the heart.
system: What does a sore throat mean?
output: The raw, scratchy, burning feeling at the back of your throat is often the first warning sign that you have a cold, or that the flu is on the way. But it can also be the first symptom of more serious conditions, so you should watch how it develops. Call your doctor if your sore throat feels worse or lasts longer than the run-of-the-mill type.
system: How is carbamazepine used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Carbamazepine ( Tegretol): This antiseizure drug has been used to treat mania since the 1970s. Its possible value for treating bipolar depression, or preventing future highs and lows, is less well-established. Blood tests to monitor liver functioning and white blood cell counts also are periodically necessary.
system: How are benzodiazepines used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Benzodiazepines This class of drugs includes alprazolam ( Xanax), diazepam ( Valium), and lorazepam ( Ativan) and is commonly referred to as minor tranquilizers. They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation.
system: How are antidepressants used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Antidepressants Seroquel and Seroquel XR are the only medications FDA-approved specifically for bipolar II depression. Common antidepressants such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), and sertraline ( Zoloft) are also sometimes used in bipolar II depression, and are thought to be less likely to cause or worsen hypomania than is the case in bipolar I disorder. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may also help. Because bipolar II disorder typically involves recurrent episodes, continuous and ongoing treatment with medicines is often recommended for relapse prevention.
system: How is bipolar II disorder different from other types of bipolar disorder?
output: People with bipolar I disorder experience full mania -- a severe, abnormally elevated mood with erratic behavior. Manic symptoms lead to serious disruptions in life, causing legal or major personal problems. In bipolar II disorder, the symptoms of elevated mood never reach full-blown mania. Hypomania in bipolar II is a milder form of mood elevation. However, the depressive episodes of bipolar II disorder are often longer-lasting and may be even more severe than in bipolar I disorder. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.
system: How is lamotrigine (Lamictal) used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Lamotrigine ( Lamictal): This drug is approved by the FDA for the maintenance treatment of adults with bipolar disorder. It has been found to help delay bouts of mood episodes of depression, mania, hypomania (a milder form of mania), and mixed episodes in people being treated with standard therapy. It is especially helpful in preventing lows.
system: How are antipsychotics used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Antipsychotics By definition, hypomanic episodes do not involve psychosis and do not interfere with functioning. Antipsychotic drugs, such as aripiprazole ( Abilify), cariprazine ( Vraylar), quetiapine ( Seroquel), asenapine ( Saphris), olanzapine ( Zyprexa), risperidone ( Risperdal), and ziprasidone ( Geodon) and others, are nevertheless sometimes used in hypomania and some (notably, Seroquel) are used for depression in bipolar II disorder.
system: Who is at risk for bipolar II disorder?
output: A Visual Guide to Understanding Bipolar Disorder Virtually anyone can develop bipolar II disorder. About 2.5% of the U. S. population suffers from some form of bipolar disorder - nearly 6 million people. Most people are in their teens or early 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first start. Nearly everyone with bipolar II disorder develops it before age 50. People with an immediate family member who has bipolar are at higher risk.
system: How is valproate (Depakote) used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Valproate ( Depakote): This antiseizure drug also works to level out moods. It has a more rapid onset of action than lithium, and it can also be used "off label" for prevention of highs and lows.
system: What are hypomanic episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder?
output: Symptoms during hypomanic episodes include: Flying suddenly from one idea to the next Having exaggerated self confidence Rapid, "pressured" (uninterruptable) and loud speech Increased energy, with hyperactivity and a decreased need for sleep People experiencing hypomanic episodes are often quite pleasant to be around. They can often seem like the "life of the party" -- making jokes, taking an intense interest in other people and activities, and infecting others with their positive mood. What's so bad about that, you might ask? Hypomania can also lead to erratic and unhealthy behavior. Hypomanic episodes can sometimes progress onward to full manias that affect a person's ability to function (bipolar I disorder). In mania, people might spend money they don't have, seek out sex with people they normally wouldn't, and engage in other impulsive or risky behaviors with the potential for dangerous consequences. The vast majority of people with bipolar II disorder experience more time with depressive than hypomanic symptoms. Depressions can occur soon after hypomania subsides, or much later. Some people cycle back and forth between hypomania and depression, while others have long periods of normal mood in between episodes. Untreated, an episode of hypomania can last anywhere from a few days to several months. Most commonly, symptoms continue for a few weeks to a few months.
system: What are depressive episodes like for people with bipolar II disorder?
output: Depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder are similar to "regular" clinical depression, with depressed mood, loss of pleasure, low energy and activity, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. Depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder can last weeks, months, or rarely years.
system: What are some other antiseizure medications for bipolar II disorder?
output: They are used for short-term control of acute symptoms associated with hypomania such as insomnia or agitation.
system: How is lithium used to treat bipolar II disorder?
output: Mood Stabilizers Lithium: This simple metal in pill form is highly effective at controlling mood swings (particularly highs) in bipolar disorder. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium can take weeks to work fully, making it better for long-term treatment than for acute hypomanic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other laboratory tests (such as kidney and thyroid functioning) must be monitored periodically to avoid side effects.
system: What is bipolar II disorder?
output: Bipolar II is similar to bipolar I disorder, with moods cycling between high and low over time. However, in bipolar II disorder, the "up" moods never reach full-blown mania. The less-intense elevated moods in bipolar II disorder are called hypomanic episodes, or hypomania. A person affected by bipolar II disorder has had at least one hypomanic episode in his or her life. Most people with bipolar II disorder suffer more often from episodes of depression. This is where the term "manic depression" comes from. In between episodes of hypomania and depression, many people with bipolar II disorder typically live normal lives. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.
system: Can bipolar II disorder be prevented?
output: It's not known if bipolar II disorder can be prevented entirely. It is possible to reduce the risk for developing future episodes of hypomania or depression once bipolar disorder has developed. Regular therapy sessions with a psychologist or social worker, in combination with medication, can help efforts to stabilize mood, leading to fewer hospitalizations and feeling better overall. Psychotherapy can help people better recognize the warning signs of a developing relapse before it takes hold, and can also help to ensure that prescribed medicines are being taken properly. Therefore, bipolar II disorder is not simply a "milder" overall form of bipolar disorder.
system: When should you see a healthcare provider about bleeding under your nail (subungual hematoma)?
output: A nearby joint was also injured. More than a quarter of the nail is discolored or there is continuing, intense pain. Signs of infection develop, such as pus, redness, or heat around the nail, or a red streak extends from the wound. If less than a quarter of the nail is discolored and pain is manageable, home treatment may be enough.