laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How common is alcohol abuse?
output: Consumed in moderate amounts, alcoholic beverages are relaxing and in some cases may even have beneficial effects on heart health. Consumed in excess, alcohol is poisonous and is considered a drug. It is estimated that between 18 million -- or one in 12 adults -- in the U. S. abuse alcohol or are chronic alcoholics. Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country's homicides, suicides, and traffic accidents. Alcohol abuse also plays a role in many social and domestic problems, from job absenteeism and crimes against property to spousal and child abuse.
system: What makes treatment difficult for alcohol use disorder?
output: The alcoholic's continual craving for alcohol makes abstinence -- an important goal of treatment -- extremely difficult. The condition is also complicated by denial: Alcoholics might be reluctant to admit their excess drinking either because of denial or guilt. Another barrier to receiving care is that physicians screen only about 15% of their primary care patients for alcohol disorders. Historically, alcoholic behavior was blamed on a character flaw or weakness of will; experts now consider alcoholism, and addiction more generally, a medical disease.
system: What are physical effects of drinking alcohol?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The immediate physical effects of drinking alcohol range from mild mood changes to complete loss of coordination, vision, balance, and speech -- any of which can be signals of acute alcohol intoxication, or drunkenness. These effects usually wear off in a matter of hours after a person stops drinking. Many law-enforcement agencies regard a .08 percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream as evidence of intoxication. Larger amounts of blood alcohol can impair brain function and eventually cause unconsciousness. An extreme overdose, alcohol poisoning, can be fatal.
system: What causes alcoholism?
output: The cause of alcoholism seems to be a blend of genetic, physical, psychological, environmental, and social factors. A given person's risk of becoming an alcoholic is three to four times greater if a parent is alcoholic. While children of alcoholics have an increased risk of struggling with alcohol, many children of people who have an alcohol abuse or dependence issue do not develop a problem.
system: What can you do for pain management in an abortion procedure?
output: Your doctor will also talk to you about different types of pain management available to you during the procedure. For an in-clinic abortion, you'll probably get local anesthesia, meaning that your cervix will be numbed but you'll be awake. While 600 to 800 milligrams of ibuprofen usually provides enough pain relief, your doctor might also offer you an oral medication to calm you down or mildly sedate you, so you're awake but relaxed. If you prefer heavy sedation, meaning you're in a light sleep throughout the procedure, you can ask if a sedative medication can be given to you through an IV.
system: How is a vacuum aspiration (suction abortion) done?
output: If you opt for an in-clinic abortion in your first trimester, you'll have a vacuum aspiration, which you may also hear called a âsuction abortion.â In most cases, your cervix doesn't need to be prepped or dilated for this procedure. But if you're more than about 10 to 12 weeks pregnant, your health care provider may take steps to open your cervix a bit before getting started so that the medical tools can access your uterus. She'll likely insert little sticks made of sterilized seaweed that absorb moisture and expand, called laminaria. Once you're ready for the procedure, your health care provider will have you lie on an exam table with your feet in stirrups, like you're having a pelvic exam. When you're comfortable and sedated, if you so choose, your health care provider will insert a medical tool called a speculum into your vagina to keep it open, and swab your vagina and cervix with an antiseptic solution called Betadine. She'll inject an anesthetic into the cervix to numb it, holding your cervix in place with a grasping instrument. She'll then insert a small tube attached to either a hand-held syringe or a suction machine into your uterus, and clear out its contents. From start to finish, the procedure takes several minutes. Afterward, your doctor will check to make sure that the procedure was successful, and then let you rest for about 30 minutes under observation.
system: Can a bleeding disorder cause a nose bleed?
output: But if you get nosebleeds a lot -- there may be a reason you can pinpoint: Dry climates or dry, heated air that dries out the inside of your nose Picking your nose or rubbing it too hard A cold Repeated nose-blowing An injury to your nose Allergies or allergy medicines that can dry out your nose Other medications you're taking such as certain blood thinners A sinus infection It's possible for nosebleeds to be caused by bleeding disorders, but it's rare. If your nosebleed doesn't stop, or you have a lot of bleeding from your gums or when you get minor cuts, then you should see a doctor. Bleeding disorders can be serious because platelets in your blood that help it clot are either missing or aren't working.
system: Can nose bleeds be genetic?
output: In some cases, nosebleeds can be caused by genes passed down in families. A rare condition called âhereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasiaâ ( HHT) affects the blood vessels. The main symptom is repeated nosebleeds that seem to come out of nowhere and get worse over time.
system: Am I  having an anterior or posterior nose bleed?
output: It can be hard to tell if you have a posterior or anterior nosebleed. Both can make blood flow toward the back of your throat if you're lying on your back. But posterior nosebleeds can be much more serious. You're more likely to need to emergency help.
system: What are some other chemicals that can cause popcorn lung?
output: Other chemicals that can cause popcorn lung include: Metal oxide fumes, a common byproduct of welding Formaldehyde, a cancer-causing chemical used in some glues and building materials Sulfur dioxide, a pollutant released by burning fossil fuels Ammonia Chlorine Nitrogen oxides Hydrochloric acid Sulfur mustard, a chemical weapon known as "mustard gas" Sometimes, bronchiolitis obliterans happens after you've had a serious illness that affects your lungs, for example some forms of pneumonia or bronchitis.
system: What is the purpose of lungs?
output: Your lungs are where your blood picks up oxygen before carrying it to cells in the rest of your body. When you breathe in, air flows into your lungs through your windpipe, or trachea. Your windpipe divides into two tubes called the bronchi, which lead to your left and right lungs.
system: What happens when someone has popcorn lung?
output: When you have "popcorn lung," those tiny air passages get irritated and inflamed. That leads to scarring that makes them narrower. That makes it harder for you to get enough air.
system: When are other times someone could have bronchiolitis obliterans?
output: Other chemicals that can cause popcorn lung include: Metal oxide fumes, a common byproduct of welding Formaldehyde, a cancer-causing chemical used in some glues and building materials Sulfur dioxide, a pollutant released by burning fossil fuels Ammonia Chlorine Nitrogen oxides Hydrochloric acid Sulfur mustard, a chemical weapon known as "mustard gas" Sometimes, bronchiolitis obliterans happens after you've had a serious illness that affects your lungs, for example some forms of pneumonia or bronchitis. And some people who have rheumatoid arthritis can get popcorn lung as a side effect of that condition.
system: What are the main symptoms of popcorn lung?
output: The main symptoms of popcorn lung are a dry cough and shortness of breath. These show up between 2 weeks and 2 months after you've been around a toxic gas or had an illness. You're especially likely to have them when you're exercising or doing heavy labor. If you've had a lung transplant, it might take several years for symptoms to show up. If you feel tired without an obvious reason or wheeze when you don't have asthma or a cold, that also could be a symptom of bronchiolitis obliterans.
system: What is popcorn lung?
output: It's sometimes caused by breathing in a chemical used to flavor microwave popcorn. But other chemicals or lung illnesses can also cause popcorn lung. The chemical that gave this condition its nickname is diacetyl. The main symptoms of popcorn lung are a dry cough and shortness of breath.
system: How does a menstrual cup work?
output: The small, flexible cup is made of silicone or latex rubber. Instead of absorbing your flow, like a tampon or pad, it catches and collects it. Just before your period begins, tightly fold the menstrual cup and insert it like a tampon without an applicator. Used correctly, you shouldn't feel it. It's similar to putting a diaphragm or birth control ring in place. Your cup will spring open (you may need to rotate it first) and rest against the walls of your vagina. It forms a seal to prevent leaks. The blood then simply drips into the cup. Some types are disposable, but most are reusable. To remove it, you pull the stem sticking out the bottom and pinch the base to release the seal. Then you just empty, wash with soap and water, and replace. At the end of your cycle, you can sterilize your cup in boiling water. Like any other product for your period, you can buy them online or over the counter at grocery and drugstores.
system: Are menstrual cups new to the feminine care aisle?
output: Menstrual cups have actually been around since the 1930s, but America was slow to catch on. The first menstrual cup for U. S. use was manufactured in 1987. Since then, there have been several others produced, manufactured from different substances ranging from rubber to silicone. Your partner can't feel them, and there's no blood to worry about.
system: What are the disadvantages of using a menstrual cup?
output: Some types are disposable, but most are reusable. It holds more. It can be tough to find the right fit. Cups come in different sizes depending on your age, flow, and whether you've had a child. Still, finding the perfect fit can be a challenge, more so if you have a tilted uterus or low cervix. It can take some trial and error, and you could have leaks in the meantime. Removal can get messy -- or embarrassing. Even if you find it easy to insert the cup, removing it can be tricky. In a sit or squat, you need to use your pelvic floor muscles to push the cup down, then reach up and grab the stem. Pinch the base to break the seal and angle the cup slightly back to keep it from spilling. And if you're in public, keep in mind you'll need to wash out the cup in the restroom sink. ( As an alternative, one manufacturer suggests bringing a bottle of water with you into the stall and rinsing it out, then wiping clean with toilet paper.) It could interfere with an IUD. Some manufacturers don't recommend using a menstrual cup if you have an intrauterine device ( IUD) inserted, as there's a chance the cup could pull on the string or dislodge it. But a 2012 study found no evidence of this. Still, it's a good idea to talk to your doctor before combining the two.
system: What is LDL apheresis for treating heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)?
output: LDL apheresis is a safe and effective way to remove all the LDL from your blood by filtering it. You'll be asked to relax in a hospital bed while your blood is slowly drawn through a machine and back into your body. Some people feel light-headed, flushed, or nauseous while it's going on. To have the most benefit, you'll likely have to repeat the procedure every few weeks to continue removing LDL from your blood.
system: What triggers shy bladder?
output: Many people say a few key things keep them from being able to go in public: Lack of privacy: Public restrooms rarely offer it.
system: What is a shy bladder?
output: That's because being near other people causes your sphincter muscles to lock up. Those muscles control the flow of urine from your bladder. Once they freeze up, you simply can't pee. It can happen in a public restroom, a bathroom in someone else's home, and even in your own place if other folks are nearby. Your doctor may call it by its official name, paruresis. Talk to your doctor before you try any type of treatment just to be sure nothing's wrong with your urinary system.
system: What questions should I ask my doctor during my first prenatal visit?
output: What is my due date? Do I need prenatal vitamins? Are the symptoms I'm experiencing normal? Is it normal not to experience certain symptoms? Is there anything I can take for morning sickness? What are the specific recommendations regarding weight gain, exercise and nutrition? What activities, foods, substances (for example, medicine, caffeine and alternative sweeteners like Equal) should I avoid? Can I have sex while I am pregnant?
system: Why is prenatal care important?
output: Regular appointments with your health care provider throughout your pregnancy are important to ensure the health of you and your baby. In addition to medical care, prenatal care includes education on pregnancy and childbirth, plus counseling and support.
system: What will happen during my first prenatal appointment with my doctor?
output: The purpose of the prenatal visit is to: Determine your due date Find out your health history Explore the medical history of family members Determine if you have any pregnancy risk factors based on your age, health and/or personal and family history You will be asked about previous pregnancies and surgeries, medical conditions and exposure to any contagious diseases.
system: How does chronic illness affect sleep?
output: The pain and fatigue that people with chronic illness experience has a large impact on their daily lives, including sleep. Because of their illness, these patients often have trouble sleeping at night, and are sleepy during the day. This is especially the case for people who have neurological (nervous system) diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Insomnia and other sleep disorders can make the person's pain and quality of life worse. In addition, some drugs used to treat chronic illnesses can cause sleep problems. People who have a chronic illness may also suffer from depression or anxiety, which can also cause sleep problems.
system: What chronic illness can cause sleep problems?
output: Sleep problems can be due to a chronic illness, such as diabetes, arthritis, HIV/ AIDS, lupus, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
system: What kinds of brain exercises should I do?
output: But the main idea seems to be keeping your brain active and challenged. You could start with something as simple as eating with the hand you usually don't use from time to time. You can also: Learn something new, such as a second language or a musical instrument. Play board games with your kids or grandkids. Or get your friends together for a weekly game of cards. Mix it up by trying new games. The extra bonus of activities like these? Social connections also help your brain. Work on crossword, number, or other kinds of puzzles. Play online memory games or video games. Read, write, or sign up for local adult education classes.
system: What can delay the symptoms of dementia?
output: Neither education nor brain exercises are a sure way to prevent Alzheimer's. But they may help delay symptoms and keep the mind working better for longer.
system: How can brain exercises help delay memory loss or dementia?
output: So games, puzzles, and other types of brain training may help slow memory loss and other mental problems. People who regularly challenge their minds may spend a shorter part of their lives in a state of decline, even if they do get Alzheimer's.
system: How can how I sit make chewing and swallowing easier if I have Parkinson's disease?
output: The way you sit, the foods you eat, and how you eat can affect your ability to swallow. To use your posture to make chewing and swallowing easier, you can: Sit upright at a 90-degree angle. Tilt your head slightly forward. Stay seated or standing for 15-20 minutes after you eat a meal.
system: How should I change how I eat to make swallowing easier?
output: When you eat: Lessen distractions. Stay focused on eating and drinking. Don't talk with food in your mouth. Eat slowly. Cut your food into small pieces, and chew it thoroughly. Don't try to eat more than 1/2 teaspoon at a time. Keep in mind that you may need to swallow two or three times per bite or sip. If food or liquid catches in your throat, cough gently or clear your throat, and swallow again before you take a breath. Do it over, if you need to. Concentrate on swallowing frequently.
system: How can I make eating easier if chewing is difficult and tiring?
output: If chewing is difficult or tiring: Cut back on or stop eating foods you have to chew, and eat more soft things. Puree your food in a blender. If thin liquids make you cough, thicken them with a liquid thickener. ( Your speech pathologist can recommend one.) You can also use thicker liquids instead of thin ones, like nectars instead of juices and cream soups instead of plain broths.
system: How can you take medicine for Parkinson's disease if swallowing is difficult?
output: But crushing some drugs, like Sinemet CR, can affect how the drugs work. Ask your pharmacist which meds you can crush and which you can get as a liquid.
system: What can cause you to drool if you have Parkinson's disease?
output: That'll help you swallow more often. If it's happening to you, talk with your doctor. She can suggest therapies or medicines that can help make things better.
system: How are Parkinson's disease and swallowing related?
output: As a result, chewing and managing solid foods can be difficult. If you have Parkinson's disease and have trouble swallowing, talk with your doctor.
system: What changes occur in people with keratoconus?
output: The changes in the shape of the cornea can happen quickly or may occur over several years. The changes can result in blurred vision, glare and halos at night, and the streaking of lights. The changes can stop at any time, or they can continue for decades. There is no way to predict how it will progress. In most people who have keratoconus, both eyes are eventually affected, although not always to the same extent. It usually develops in one eye first and then later in the other eye.
system: How is keratoconus diagnosed?
output: These include: A sudden change of vision in one eye Double vision when looking with just one eye Objects both near and far looking distorted Bright lights looking like they have halos around them Lights streaking Seeing double or triple ghost images Being uncomfortable driving due to blurry vision, especially at night To be sure you have keratoconus, your doctor needs to measure the shape of the cornea. There are several different ways this can be done. The most common way is called âcorneal topography,' which snaps a photo of the cornea and analyzes it in seconds. Children of parents with keratoconus should have a cornea topography done every year starting at age 10 to monitor the cornea.
system: What can occur with severe keratoconus?
output: With severe keratoconus, the stretched collagen fibers can lead to severe scarring. If the back of the cornea tears, it can swell and take many months for the swelling to go away. This often causes a large corneal scar.
system: Do you need surgery to treat keratoconus?
output: If eyeglasses and contact lenses no longer provide stable and comfortable good quality vision, a cornea transplant can be performed. This involves removing the center of the cornea and replacing it with a donor cornea that is stitched into place.
system: How does keratoconus change your vision?
output: Keratoconus changes vision in two ways: As the cornea changes from a ball shape to a cone shape, the smooth surface becomes distorted. This is called irregular astigmatism. As the front of the cornea expands, vision becomes more nearsighted. That is only up close objects can be seen clearly. Anything too far away will look like a blur.
system: Can I get laser vision correction surgery if I have keratoconus?
output: Laser vision correction surgery -- LASIK - is dangerous for people with keratoconus or a strong family history of keratoconus, because it can further weaken the cornea and make vision worse. Anyone with even a small degree of keratoconus should not have LASIK surgery.
system: Can you inherit keratoconus?
output: Keratoconus is genetic, so it can run in families. If you have it and have children, it's a good idea to have their eyes checked for it starting at age 10. The condition progresses more rapidly in people with certain medical problems, including certain allergic conditions. It could be related to chronic eye rubbing.
system: When should you get a cornea transplant for keratoconus?
output: If eyeglasses and contact lenses no longer provide stable and comfortable good quality vision, a cornea transplant can be performed. This involves removing the center of the cornea and replacing it with a donor cornea that is stitched into place.
system: Who is more likely to get keratoconus?
output: Keratoconus is genetic, so it can run in families. If you have it and have children, it's a good idea to have their eyes checked for it starting at age 10. The condition progresses more rapidly in people with certain medical problems, including certain allergic conditions. It could be related to chronic eye rubbing.
system: How can a doctor detect keratoconus?
output: Keratoconus is caused by a decrease in protective antioxidants in the cornea. It usually develops in one eye first and then later in the other eye.
system: What happens to the cornea during keratoconus?
output: The changes can result in blurred vision, glare and halos at night, and the streaking of lights. The changes can stop at any time, or they can continue for decades. There is no way to predict how it will progress. In most people who have keratoconus, both eyes are eventually affected, although not always to the same extent. It usually develops in one eye first and then later in the other eye. Keratoconus changes vision in two ways: As the cornea changes from a ball shape to a cone shape, the smooth surface becomes distorted.
system: What causes premature and inhibited ejaculation?
output: In some cases, premature and inhibited ejaculation are caused by a lack of attraction for a partner, past traumatic events, and even psychological factors, including a strict religious background that causes the person to view sex as sinful. Premature ejaculation, the most common form of sexual dysfunction in men, often is due to nervousness over how well he will perform during sex. Certain drugs, including some antidepressants, may affect ejaculation.
system: What are most common sexual problems in men?
output: The most common sexual problems in men are ejaculation disorders, erectile dysfunction, and inhibited sexual desire.
system: What are the types of ejaculation disorders in men?
output: Inhibited or retarded ejaculation -- This is when ejaculation is slow to occur. Retrograde ejaculation -- This occurs when, at orgasm, the ejaculate is forced back into the bladder rather than through the urethra and out the end of the penis. In other men, retrograde ejaculation occurs after operations on the bladder neck or prostate, or after certain abdominal operations.