laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is the most common demyelinating disorder?
output: There are several demyelinating diseases: This is the most common demyelinating disorder. One in 500 people have it. It's an autoimmune condition that attacks your brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. There are four types, ranging from mild to severe.
system: How long does it take to recover from disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)?
output: Most people recover fully within 6 months, though in very rare cases, ADEM can be deadly.
system: What are the signs of Schilder's disease?
output: This disease is hard to predict. Some people will have flares of symptoms followed by times of recovery. For others, the disease slowly gets worse over time. Signs include: Weakness on one side of the body Slow movements Seizures Trouble speaking Vision and hearing problems Memory problems Change in personality Weight loss There's no cure, but some people can manage their symptoms well with steroids and drugs that calm the immune system.
system: What are the symptoms of Balo's disease?
output: They include: High fever Headache Trouble talking or understanding information Memory loss Muscle spasms Seizures Paralysis There isn't a cure for Balo's disease, and no drugs treat it.
system: What is Schilder's disease?
output: This rare condition most often affects boys between ages 7 and 12. It wears away myelin in the brain and spinal cord. Severe cases can affect breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
system: What is neuromyelitis optica?
output: This rare disease can affect your eyes, arms, and legs. Doctors don't know what causes it, but they do know it makes your body attack your optic nerve and spinal cord. You may have blurred vision or lose your eyesight. If it's in your spinal cord, your legs and arms might not work well.
system: Who normally gets attack of neuromyelitis optica?
output: If you have one attack of neuromyelitis optica, you'll probably get another. But if your doctor catches the disease early, he'll have a better chance of treating your symptoms. He may try drugs that turn down your immune system so you don't have relapses.
system: What are symptoms of neuromyelitis optica?
output: Symptoms include: Blurred vision Loss of eyesight Eye pain Weak or numb arms and legs Bladder and bowel problems Vomiting Uncontrollable hiccups Neuromyelitis optica doesn't have a cure or FDA-approved medications to treat it.
system: What is the cure for HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy?
output: The most common symptoms are: Extreme fatigue Vision problems Trouble moving Tingling, burning, or other odd feelings There's no cure, but there are medications to change the course and lower the number of relapses.
system: Why do demyelinating disorders occur?
output: Symptoms: The most common symptoms of demyelinating disorders are: Vision loss Muscle weakness Muscle stiffness Muscle spasms Changes in how well your bladder and bowels work Causes: in many cases, doctors aren't sure what causes these conditions. You get ADEM when your body attacks its own tissues in response to an infection with a virus or bacteria.
system: Can neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease) be treated?
output: Plasma exchange ( PLEX) is a common treatment. Symptoms include: Blurred vision Loss of eyesight Eye pain Weak or numb arms and legs Bladder and bowel problems Vomiting Uncontrollable hiccups Neuromyelitis optica doesn't have a cure or FDA-approved medications to treat it. Your doctor may give you a steroid shot to help with swelling. He may also try a treatment called plasma exchange. Drugs that suppress your immune system, like azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, and rituximab, can help prevent further attacks.
system: What causes Schilder's disease?
output: They include: Fever Low energy Headache Nausea and vomiting Confusion Irritation Eyesight problems Trouble with coordination Drugs that fight inflammation a can stop the damage to the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. Doctors aren't sure about the cause, but it often follows an infection.
system: What is myelin?
output: It helps messages from your brain move quickly and smoothly through your body, the way electricity flows from a power source. It removes some of the liquid part of your blood, called plasma, and replaces it with a manmade version. It depends on where on your spinal cord you lose myelin.
system: Can you take too much vitamin C?
output: Some studies have found that doses above 400 milligrams are not utilized by the body. Instead, the extra vitamin C is excreted in urine. The tolerable upper intake levels of a supplement are the highest amount that most people can take safely. Higher doses might be used to treat vitamin C deficiencies. But don't take more unless a doctor says so.
system: What can happen if I get a UTI while pregnant?
output: If they're not treated, they could lead to problems for both mom and baby. This could include a greater risk of delivering a low birthweight or premature baby. Your risk for high blood pressure and anemia also go up.
system: How can a urinary tract infection (UTI) lead to permanent kidney damage?
output: It can affect the way your kidneys function and lead to kidney scars, high blood pressure, and other issues. Sometimes it can even be life-threatening. You'll take antibiotics to treat a kidney infection. If your symptoms include a high fever and severe pain or you can't keep down fluids, you might also be put in the hospital until your infection has cleared up.
system: What if regular treatment doesn't cure my UTI?
output: Usually there's some other factor -- maybe an underlying health condition -- that has caused it to get worse. So the usual treatment of 2 to 3 days of antibiotics may not be enough to help you get better.
system: Can a UTI lead to sepsis?
output: But in some cases, a UTI can lead to major issues. If a UTI gets "complicated," it means that regular treatment isn't enough to cure it. It can be deadly. Symptoms include extreme pain and issues with body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood cell count.
system: When should I call my doctor about painful ovulation?
output: Call your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms during ovulation: Fever Pain with urination Redness or burning of the skin at the site of the pain Vomiting Mid-cycle pain lasting longer than a day You should also call your doctor if you missed your last menstrual period.
system: What causes painful ovulation?
output: As an egg develops in the ovary, it is surrounded by follicular fluid. During ovulation, the egg and the fluid, as well as some blood, are released from the ovary. While the exact cause of mittelschmerz is unknown, it is believed that the fluid or blood may irritate the lining of the abdominal cavity, causing pain. The pain goes away soon after the egg is released or once the body absorbs the fluid or blood.
system: What is painful ovulation (Mittelschmerz)
output: Mittelschmerz is the pelvic and lower abdominal pain that some women experience during ovulation. Ovulation generally occurs about midway between menstrual cycles; hence the term mittelschmerz, which comes from the German words for "middle" and "pain." The pain of ovulation can range from a mild twinge to severe discomfort and usually lasts from minutes to hours. Some women experience nausea, especially if the pain is severe.
system: Should you tell a child about a life-threatening illness?
output: Even a child of three or four is old enough to know in simple terms what's happening. And talking about it creates the opportunity to have some closure -- both for the child and the person who is dying. When talking to a young child, it's important to not give too much information. And what you do say should always be age appropriate.
system: How do you tell your loved ones about a life-threatening illness?
output: There's no one right way. You can: Tell one very trusted family member or friend and ask that person to spread the word among your loved ones Meet with family members and friends individually to talk about your condition Hold a "family meeting" to explain the news Ask a doctor, nurse, or social worker to talk to your family or to be with you when you do You can't predict how family members and other loved ones will react.
system: What are things loved ones can do to help me with a life-threatening illness?
output: What do you say? If you know what that is, it's a good idea to tell them, or they will come up with their own ideas of how to help, which may or may not be what you need. You might want: Someone to sit with you and hold your hand during times of day that are particularly tough for you To talk a lot about your diagnosis and condition To talk about anything but your diagnosis and condition People to help you get out and participate in activities you enjoy Friends to help you with mundane daily activities, or with caring for children or pets What if you have to share the news of a life-threatening illness with your child or grandchild?
system: How is the brain affected from sleeping less?
output: Skimping on sleep sets your brain up to make bad decisions. You don't have the mental clarity to make good decisions. Plus, when you're overtired, your brain's reward centers rev up, looking for something that feels good. So while you might be able to squash comfort food cravings when you're well-rested, your sleep-deprived brain may have trouble saying no to a second slice of cake. Add it all together, and a sleepy brain appears to crave junk food while also lacking the impulse control to say no. Sleep is like nutrition for the brain.
system: What skin conditions can be treated with oregano oil?
output: Oregano oil in an oral or inhaled form is also used to try to treat respiratory tract conditions such as: Coughs Asthma Croup Bronchitis Oregano oil is also marketed as an aid for: Urinary tract infections Indigestion Heartburn Oregano oil, in a form that can be applied to the skin, has been used to try to treat: Acne Athlete's foot Dandruff Warts Gum disease Toothaches Skin infections Wounds Marketers of oregano oil claim a host of other applications as well.
system: What are the benefits of oregano oil?
output: But there is little evidence to suggest that it is effective for any condition. It is not a condition that is recognized by conventional medicine. And there is no evidence that oregano oil helps treat these symptoms. Oregano oil in an oral or inhaled form is also used to try to treat respiratory tract conditions such as: Coughs Asthma Croup Bronchitis Oregano oil is also marketed as an aid for: Urinary tract infections Indigestion Heartburn Oregano oil, in a form that can be applied to the skin, has been used to try to treat: Acne Athlete's foot Dandruff Warts Gum disease Toothaches Skin infections Wounds Marketers of oregano oil claim a host of other applications as well.
system: Can oils ease nerve pain?
output: Some studies have shown that applying botanical oils such as geranium oil can reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia. Other oils, such as lavender oil, have been shown to help relax people, which may also help take the mind off nerve pain.
system: Can meditating ease nerve pain?
output: Techniques such as guided imagery, meditation, biofeedback, and hypnosis help some people with nerve pain live better. Finding the right professional at a reasonable price can be challenging. Do your homework and ask for a referral from your doctor or someone whose advice you trust.
system: Can capsaicin ease nerve pain?
output: Capsaicin cream, made from hot chili peppers, causes an uncomfortable burning sensation when initially applied. Some individuals find the burning sensation to be intolerable, especially when they are already suffering from a painful condition. But those who stick with it for weeks often report improvement in nerve pain (and less burning over time).
system: Can sleep ease nerve pain?
output: Nerve pain can worsen at night, disrupting sleep and making it more difficult to cope with pain. Help break the cycle with good sleep habits. Limit afternoon caffeine intake, keep a consistent bedtime that allows for eight hours of sleep, and reserve the bedroom for sleep and sex.
system: Does alcohol make nerve pain worse?
output: There's no magic number for how many alcoholic beverages you can have and still avoid nerve pain, but some experts advise four drinks or less per week. Sleep on it. Nerve pain can worsen at night, disrupting sleep and making it more difficult to cope with pain.
system: Can lidocaine ease nerve pain?
output: The anesthetic lidocaine -- in gel, ointment, or patches -- is available in prescription and over-the-counter preparations. The relief from lidocaine is satisfying, although temporary.
system: Are there home remedies for nerve pain in your legs and feet?
output: Exercise releases natural painkillers called endorphins. Exercise also promotes blood flow to the nerves in the legs and feet. Researchers believe that regular exercise may create a long-lasting expansion in blood vessels in the feet, nourishing damaged nerves back to health. Start with a daily walk, gradually increasing pace and distance. Pamper your feet. Nerve pain usually means impaired sensation, making injuries and infections more likely. Reduce the risk by examining your feet daily, wearing comfortable shoes, and seeing a podiatrist regularly. No wound or injury to your feet is too minor for a consultation with a doctor. Warm water temporarily increases blood flow to the legs and can help ease stress as well.
system: What causes vaginal cancer?
output: The following things can also increase your chances of developing vaginal cancer: Drinking alcohol Having cervical cancer or pre-cancer Having HIV Smoking Many cases of vaginal cancer aren't linked to any specific causes.
system: How is vaginal cancer diagnosed and treated?
output: If a pelvic exam or a Pap test shows there might be cancer, your doctor may want to take a closer look with a procedure called colposcopy. She'll use a lighted magnifying instrument -- a colposcope -- to check your vagina and cervix for anything abnormal. She might take tissue samples at the same time. A specialist will study the samples under a microscope. This is called a biopsy. If she finds cancer, your doctor will choose a treatment based on many factors. These include how close the cancer is to other organs, which type of cancer is present, how advanced it is, whether you've had a hysterectomy, and if you've had radiation treatment in your pelvic area.
system: When does vaginal cancer happen?
output: It's a very uncommon disease. The vagina -- also known as the birth canal -- is a hollow channel that goes from the opening of your uterus to the outside of your body. There are two main types of vaginal cancer: Squamous cell carcinoma : This is by far the more common of the two. It happens when cancer forms in the flat, thin cells that line the vagina.
system: How does chemotherapy treat vaginal cancer?
output: This kills or stops the growth of cancer cells using medications. You might take them by mouth or get them through an IV. If you have squamous cell vaginal cancer, your doctor might prescribe a chemo treatment in lotion or cream form. Many patients lose their sex drive when they get chemo. Plus, the physical side effects, like nausea, hair loss, and changes in body weight can cause feelings of insecurity. Knowing that the physical side effects will improve when treatment stops can help a lot.
system: What is adenocarcinoma of the vagina?
output: Adenocarcinoma: This type starts in the glandular cells in the lining of the vagina. These cells make mucus and other fluids. Of the two main types, it's the more likely to spread to other areas. These include the lymph nodes (organs that filter harmful substances in the body) in the groin area and the lungs.
system: How is clear cell carcinoma linked to vaginal cancer?
output: Clear cell carcinoma: This is an even rarer form of adenocarcinoma. It's been linked with women whose mothers took a hormone called diethylstilbestrol ( DES) in the early months of pregnancy. Between 1938 and 1971, doctors often prescribed this medication to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage and other problems. Doctors stopped using it in 1971. But just how long do you remain at risk if your mother was given DES? That remains unknown. Women who haven't been exposed to it can still get vaginal cancer, but the chances are very small. If DES isn't a factor, clear cell carcinoma is most likely to happen after menopause.
system: What are the symptoms of vaginal cancer?
output: But the disease often doesn't come with any warning signs. Your doctor might find it during a routine exam or Pap test. Other symptoms can include feeling a lump in your vagina, pain in your pelvis, and painful sex. If you notice any of these things, it doesn't mean you have vaginal cancer. You could just have an infection. But it's important to get it checked out.
system: How can vaginal cancer be prevented?
output: An HPV infection most often goes away on its own, but if the infection lingers, it can lead to cervical and vaginal cancers. The best way to guard against it is to avoid being exposed to HPV. The FDA has approved the Gardasil 9 vaccine to prevent HPV-related diseases, including the four most common types of HPV. If you don't want the vaccine, you might try the following lifestyle changes. Studies show they may help to reduce your risk of vaginal cancer: Wait to have sex until your late teen years or beyond. If you smoke, stop.
system: What are boils?
output: This is the most common type of skin infection. It's usually caused by staph bacteria. It's a pocket of pus that forms over a hair follicle or oil gland. Your skin gets red and swollen. If it breaks open, pus likely will drain out.
system: What are treatments for skin infections?
output: If you have an infection, your doctor may prescribe medicine. What he gives you depends on the type of infection: Antibiotics fight a bacterial infection. Antivirals treat viral infections. Antifungal creams, ointments, or powders treat fungal infections. If you have a major skin wound, especially one with stitches, check with your doctor for proper care instructions.
system: Can antipsychotic drugs cause weight gain and increase cholesterol levels?
output: Antipsychotics used to treat bipolar disorder include: aripiprazole ( Abilify) asenapine ( Saphris) cariprazine ( Vraylar) clozapine ( Clozaril) lurasidone ( Latuda) olanzapine ( Zyprexa) quetiapine ( Seroquel) risperidone ( Risperdal) ziprasidone ( Geodon) Certain antipsychotic drugs cause significant weight gain and high cholesterol levels, and they may increase the risk of diabetes. People considering an antipsychotic for bipolar disorder should be screened for their risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, according to a study published in Diabetes Care.
system: Can antipsychotic drugs stabilize moods on their own?
output: As a result, they may be used alone as long-term treatment for people who don't tolerate or respond to lithium and anticonvulsants.
system: What are common side effects of antipsychotic medications?
output: Common side effects of antipsychotic medications include: Blurred vision Dry mouth Drowsiness Muscle spasms or tremors Weight gain Note: Clozaril is not used often, despite its effectiveness for bipolar disorder.
system: What are the types of antipsychotics that treat bipolar disorder?
output: Antipsychotics used to treat bipolar disorder include: aripiprazole ( Abilify) asenapine ( Saphris) cariprazine ( Vraylar) clozapine ( Clozaril) lurasidone ( Latuda) olanzapine ( Zyprexa) quetiapine ( Seroquel) risperidone ( Risperdal) ziprasidone ( Geodon) Certain antipsychotic drugs cause significant weight gain and high cholesterol levels, and they may increase the risk of diabetes.
system: For people with bipolar disorder, what are antipsychotics used for?
output: In people with bipolar disorder, antipsychotics are also used "off label" as sedatives, for insomnia, for anxiety, and/or for agitation. Often, they are taken with a mood-stabilizing drug and can decrease symptoms of mania until mood stabilizers take full effect.
system: Why are older antipsychotic drugs not used as much?
output: Antipsychotic medications are used as a short-term treatment for bipolar disorder to control psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or mania symptoms. However, they may be helpful if a person has troublesome side effects or doesn't respond to the newer drugs. Older antipsychotics include chlorpromazine ( Thorazine), haloperidol ( Haldol), and perphenazine ( Trilafon). These drugs may cause a serious long-term side effect called tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movement like lip smacking, protruding the tongue, or grimacing. Newer atypical antipsychotics also have the potential to cause this side effect, but are thought to have a relatively lower risk than the older conventional antipsychotics.
system: What are antipsychotic medications used to treat?
output: These symptoms may occur during acute mania or severe depression. Some also treat bipolar depression, and several have demonstrated long-term value in preventing future episodes of mania or depression. Older antipsychotic drugs are also generally not used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, and they are less established for treating depressive symptoms or preventing episodes during long-term use.
system: How do antipsychotic drugs work?
output: Often, they are taken with a mood-stabilizing drug and can decrease symptoms of mania until mood stabilizers take full effect. It is not clear exactly how these drugs work, but they usually improve manic episodes quickly.
system: How quickly do antipsychotic drugs start working?
output: More normal thinking often is restored within a few weeks. Newer atypical antipsychotics also have the potential to cause this side effect, but are thought to have a relatively lower risk than the older conventional antipsychotics.
system: When should you call your doctor about a hemorrhoidectomy?
output: Call your doctor right away if you: Are bleeding a lot Can't pee or poop Have a fever
system: What is a hemorrhoidectomy?
output: Surgery to remove hemorrhoids is called hemorrhoidectomy. The doctor makes small cuts around the anus to slice them away. You may get local anesthesia (the area being operated on is numb, and you're awake though relaxed) or general anesthesia (you're put to sleep). Hemorrhoidectomy is often an outpatient procedure, and you can usually go home the same day.
system: What are the risks of a hemorrhoidectomy?
output: Hemorrhoid surgery is safe and effective most of the time. However, any surgery has some risks including: Bleeding Infection Reaction to anesthesia You might have some trouble peeing afterward because of swelling or muscle spasms. If your anal sphincter gets damaged during surgery, you could have accidental bowel or gas leaks, a condition called fecal incontinence.
system: Is hemorrhoid surgery safe?
output: But you'll still need to eat a high-fiber diet, avoid constipation, and take care of your bottom to help prevent new hemorrhoid flare-ups. Talk to your doctor to figure out what's right for you. The procedure is effective and virtually painless.
system: What is a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH)?
output: Surgery to remove hemorrhoids is called hemorrhoidectomy. The doctor will use a stapler-like device to reposition the hemorrhoids and cut off their blood supply. Without blood, they'll eventually shrivel and die. It can treat hemorrhoids that have and have not prolapsed, or slipped down out of the anus.
system: Do androgens affect dry eye?
output: Dry eye may also be made better or worse by androgens, "male" hormones like testosterone, which both men and women make. For instance, women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS) often have dry eye. The disorder causes cysts and problems with ovulation because of too much androgens. Whether you're a man or woman, lower androgen levels may affect how well certain glands make tears or the oily film that keeps the surface of your eye moist.