laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What can people with diabetes do to protect their feet?
output: Wear thick, soft socks to protect your feet as you walk. Don't use socks with seams that might rub against your skin and cause blisters. Wear comfortable, well-fitting shoes. Shoes that are too tight or too loose may lead to blisters. Don't go barefoot. You don't want to step on rocks, tacks, or small pieces of glass that could cut your feet. Wear slippers at home. Make sure the insides of your socks and shoes are clean and free from small pebbles or debris that could cut your feet. Keep your feet clean. Don't soak them for a long time. This can dry your skin. Dry your feet well after a shower or bath. Make sure you dry between your toes. After you bathe and towel your feet, moisturize your skin. Rub lotion or petroleum jelly into your skin and heels to keep them from drying and cracking. Don't put lotion or jelly between your toes, though -- this can lead to an infection. In winter, cold weather and central heating can dry out your skin. Take extra care to moisturize your feet and keep them warm. Wear socks to bed if you get cold.
system: What should I do if I am diabetic and my toenails are changing appearance?
output: Look for any redness, swelling, or drainage that could be a sign of an infection.
system: What should I do if I have diabetes and have minor foot problems like bunions, hammertoe, plantar warts, or athlete's foot?
output: Call your doctor if you have minor foot problems like bunions, hammertoe, plantar warts, or athlete's foot, a fungal infection. Treat these issues before they become more serious.
system: What can people with diabetes do to prevent infections?
output: Exercise regularly to keep your blood flow healthy. Watch your blood sugar levels and follow your diet as your doctor directs. If you keep your blood sugar and weight under control, you may have fewer foot problems. Don't smoke. Smoking can narrow your blood vessels and raise your chance of getting foot problems. Also, note any cuts, scratches, scrapes, blisters, corns, or calluses, even if they're small. Let your doctor or podiatrist know in case you need medical treatment.
system: What kind of tools should people with diabetes use to clean toenails or remove calluses?
output: You don't want to step on rocks, tacks, or small pieces of glass that could cut your feet. You can use a pumice stone to gently smooth your heels after taking a shower or bath. Ask your podiatrist or doctor to remove it safely.
system: What should I do if I am diabetic and think I have a foot infection?
output: If you think you've gotten an infection, tell your doctor right away. Nails that seem thicker, yellow, changed in shape, striped, or not growing normally could be a sign of an injury or infection.
system: How can you prevent ingrown toenails?
output: This could cause an ingrown toenail. They often develop on the balls of your feet or the bottoms of your toes.
system: What should I do if I am diabetic and think I have an ulcer?
output: Watch for dry, cracking skin on your feet, toes, and heels. Don't let the corners of your toenails grow into the skin. Tell your doctor if you think you have one.
system: What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?
output: Potassium also: Moves nutrients into your cells and takes waste out Counters the effects of sodium, which can help your blood pressure Your kidneys control how much potassium is in your body by filtering any excess out of your blood. Having too much potassium in the body can alter the heart's rhythm.
system: What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
output: Potassium also: Moves nutrients into your cells and takes waste out Counters the effects of sodium, which can help your blood pressure Your kidneys control how much potassium is in your body by filtering any excess out of your blood. Adults should get at least 4,700 milligrams of potassium every day. If you have a low potassium level, you can get muscle weakness and cramps.
system: How are electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used for mixed features of bipolar episode?
output: Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its frightening reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is an effective treatment for any phase of bipolar disorder, including manic episodes with mixed features. ECT can be helpful if medication fails or can't be used.
system: How are mood stabilizers used for mixed features of bipolar episode?
output: Mood Stabilizers While lithium is often considered a gold standard treatment for mania, it may be less effective when mania and depression occur simultaneously, as in a manic episode with mixed features. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. It can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for acute manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other lab test results must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproic acid ( Depakote) is an antiseizure medication that also levels out moods in bipolar disorder. It has a more rapid onset of action, and in some studies has been shown to be more effective than lithium for the treatment of manic episodes with mixed features. Some other antiseizure drugs, such as and carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), are also effective mood stabilizers.
system: What is the best way to manage hair loss due to radiation therapy?
output: Some people choose to cut their hair short before treatment begins to make less weight on the hair shaft. If you lose hair on top of your head, be sure to wear a hat or a scarf to protect your scalp from the sun when you go outside. If you decide to buy a wig, ask the doctor to write a prescription for one and check to see if it's covered by your insurance or is a tax-deductible expense.
system: What are other possible early side effects from radiation therapy?
output: Other early side effects you might have usually depend on where you get the radiation.
system: What should you know about radiation therapy?
output: When you get radiation therapy, you'll work with a doctor who specializes in this type of medicine. It's important to talk with her about how the treatment might make you feel and what you can do to feel better. If the therapy makes you uncomfortable, speak up. If you keep your health team informed, they can help you get through treatment.
system: How can radiation therapy affect men?
output: But if you want to have kids later on, you should talk with your doctor to see if you should use a sperm bank before treatment begins. Treatment to the pelvis can make sex painful for some women and can also cause scarring that makes the vagina less able to stretch. In men, radiation can affect the nerves and blood vessels that control erections.
system: When do late side effects from radiation therapy happen?
output: These problems happen when radiation damages your body. For example, scar tissue can affect the way your lungs or your heart works. Bladder, bowel, fertility, and sexual problems can start after radiation to your belly or pelvis.
system: How can you keep a healthy diet while having radiation therapy?
output: Eating Problems Radiation therapy to the head, neck, or parts of the digestive system can make you lose your appetite. But it's important to keep eating a healthy diet while you're having treatment to keep your body strong. Try eating five or six small meals spread out through the day instead of three large ones. Try new recipes or foods. Keep healthy snacks on hand. It will help you eat when you're hungry rather than waiting for mealtimes and maybe losing your appetite.
system: How can you manage nausea from radiation therapy?
output: Nausea Radiation to the head, neck, and any part of the digestive tract can cause nausea and vomiting. Let your doctor know if that happens. She can give you medicine to control it. Also, you might be able to learn relaxation techniques and biofeedback to help control and reduce feelings of nausea.
system: What mouth problems can radiation therapy cause?
output: Mouth Problems Before you start radiation to your head or neck, see your dentist for a thorough exam. Radiation can cause problems in your mouth that include: Mouth sores (little cuts or ulcers) Lack of saliva Thick saliva Trouble swallowing Jaw stiffness Tell your cancer team about any of these problems so they can help you feel better.
system: How can you manage diarrhea from radiation therapy?
output: Diarrhea Radiation therapy to your belly can cause diarrhea, which typically starts a few weeks after therapy begins. The doctor will likely prescribe medications to help control it. She'll also suggest changes in your diet, such as eating small meals more often, avoiding high-fiber foods, and getting enough potassium.
system: How can you avoid mouth problems for radiation therapy?
output: Radiation can cause problems in your mouth that include: Mouth sores (little cuts or ulcers) Lack of saliva Thick saliva Trouble swallowing Jaw stiffness Tell your cancer team about any of these problems so they can help you feel better. To help manage these side effects: Avoid spicy and acidic foods. Don't smoke, chew tobacco, or drink alcohol. Brush your teeth often with fluoride toothpaste and a soft brush.
system: How soon might you get side effects from radiation therapy?
output: Early side effects, such as nausea and fatigue, usually don't last long. They may start during or right after treatment and last for several weeks after it ends, but then they get better. Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do. The most common early side effects are fatigue and skin problems. You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation.
system: How can you take care of your skin from radiation therapy?
output: Be gentle with your skin: Don't wear tight clothing over the area that's being treated. Don't scrub or rub your skin. To clean it, use a mild soap and let lukewarm water run over it. Avoid putting anything hot or cold on the area unless the doctor tells you to. Ask your doctor before you use any type of ointment, oil, lotion, or powder on your skin. Ask about using corn starch to help relieve itching. Stay out of the sun as much as possible. Cover the area getting radiation with clothing or hats to protect it. Ask the doctor about using sunscreen if you must be outdoors. If you're having radiation therapy for breast cancer, try not to wear a bra. If that isn't possible, wear a soft, cotton one without underwire. Don't use any tape, gauze, or bandages on your skin unless the doctor tells you to.
system: What can you do to handle fatigue from radiation therapy?
output: Let your doctor know if you're struggling with fatigue. She might be able to help. There are also things you can do to feel better: Take care of your health. Be sure you're taking your medications the way you're supposed to. Get plenty of rest, be as active as you can, and eat the right foods. Work with a counselor or take a class at your cancer treatment center to learn ways to conserve energy, reduce stress, and keep yourself from focusing on the fatigue. Save your energy for the activities that are most important to you. Tackle them first when you're feeling up to it. Keep a balance between rest and activities. Too much bed rest can make you more tired. But don't over-schedule your days without giving yourself breaks. Ask for help from family and friends. If fatigue is interfering with your job, talk with your boss or HR department and ask about taking some time off from work or making adjustments in your schedule. Keep in mind that the fatigue from radiation therapy will probably go away within a few weeks after your treatment ends.
system: Does radiation therapy cause diarrhea?
output: Diarrhea Radiation therapy to your belly can cause diarrhea, which typically starts a few weeks after therapy begins. The doctor will likely prescribe medications to help control it. She'll also suggest changes in your diet, such as eating small meals more often, avoiding high-fiber foods, and getting enough potassium.
system: Does radiation therapy cause nausea?
output: Nausea Radiation to the head, neck, and any part of the digestive tract can cause nausea and vomiting. Let your doctor know if that happens. She can give you medicine to control it. Also, you might be able to learn relaxation techniques and biofeedback to help control and reduce feelings of nausea.
system: What can I do to help manage fatigue from radiation therapy?
output: Let your doctor know if you're struggling with fatigue. She might be able to help. There are also things you can do to feel better: Take care of your health. Be sure you're taking your medications the way you're supposed to. Get plenty of rest, be as active as you can, and eat the right foods. Work with a counselor or take a class at your cancer treatment center to learn ways to conserve energy, reduce stress, and keep yourself from focusing on the fatigue. Save your energy for the activities that are most important to you. Tackle them first when you're feeling up to it. Keep a balance between rest and activities. Too much bed rest can make you more tired. But don't over-schedule your days without giving yourself breaks. Ask for help from family and friends. If fatigue is interfering with your job, talk with your boss or HR department and ask about taking some time off from work or making adjustments in your schedule. Keep in mind that the fatigue from radiation therapy will probably go away within a few weeks after your treatment ends.
system: Does radiation therapy cause eating problems and what can you do about it?
output: Eating Problems Radiation therapy to the head, neck, or parts of the digestive system can make you lose your appetite. But it's important to keep eating a healthy diet while you're having treatment to keep your body strong. Try eating five or six small meals spread out through the day instead of three large ones. Try new recipes or foods. Keep healthy snacks on hand. It will help you eat when you're hungry rather than waiting for mealtimes and maybe losing your appetite.
system: When do your skin problems from radiation therapy go away?
output: Your skin should start to feel better a few weeks after therapy ends. But when it heals, it may be a darker color. And you'll still need to protect yourself from the sun even after radiation therapy has ended.
system: Can radiation therapy cause cancer?
output: Another possible late effect is a second cancer. Doctors have known for a long time that radiation can cause cancer. And research has shown that radiation treatment for one cancer can raise the risk for developing a different cancer later. Factors that can affect that risk include the amount of radiation used and the area that was treated. Talk with your doctor about the potential risk and how it compares to the benefits you'll get from radiation therapy.
system: Does radiation therapy cause hearing problems?
output: Hearing Problems Radiation therapy to the head can sometimes cause hearing problems. One reason might be that it hardens the wax in your ears. Let your doctor know if you have trouble hearing.
system: What mouth problems can happen from radiation therapy?
output: Mouth Problems Before you start radiation to your head or neck, see your dentist for a thorough exam. Radiation can cause problems in your mouth that include: Mouth sores (little cuts or ulcers) Lack of saliva Thick saliva Trouble swallowing Jaw stiffness Tell your cancer team about any of these problems so they can help you feel better.
system: Does radiation therapy affect your sex life or fertility?
output: Fertility and Sexual Issues Radiation therapy to your pelvis can affect your sex drive and whether you'll be able to have a child. If you want to start a family or have more children, it's important to talk to your doctor about how the treatment will affect your fertility before treatment begins.
system: Does radiation treatment have side effects?
output: This treatment can cause side effects, but they're different for everyone. The ones you have depend on the type of radiation you get, how much you get, the part of your body that gets treatment, and how healthy you are overall. There's no way to predict how radiation will affect you. You may have few or only mild side effects from your treatment; someone else may have a lot of problems or very severe ones.
system: What are late side effects from radiation therapy?
output: Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do. But not everyone will have them.
system: What are some late side effects of radiation therapy?
output: It's important to talk with her about how the treatment might make you feel and what you can do to feel better. Be gentle with your skin: Don't wear tight clothing over the area that's being treated. These problems happen when radiation damages your body. For example, scar tissue can affect the way your lungs or your heart works. Bladder, bowel, fertility, and sexual problems can start after radiation to your belly or pelvis. Another possible late effect is a second cancer. Doctors have known for a long time that radiation can cause cancer.
system: How long do late side effects from radiation therapy last?
output: This treatment can cause side effects, but they're different for everyone. Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do.
system: Will radiation therapy cause my hair to fall out?
output: You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation. Others won't. If it does happen, it's usually sudden and comes out in clumps. In most cases, your hair will grow back after therapy stops, but it may be thinner or have a different texture. Some people choose to cut their hair short before treatment begins to make less weight on the hair shaft. If you lose hair on top of your head, be sure to wear a hat or a scarf to protect your scalp from the sun when you go outside. If you decide to buy a wig, ask the doctor to write a prescription for one and check to see if it's covered by your insurance or is a tax-deductible expense.
system: What kind of skin problems can radiation therapy cause?
output: It may also get swollen or blistered. Your skin may also become dry, flaky, or itchy. Or it may start to peel. If you lose hair on top of your head, be sure to wear a hat or a scarf to protect your scalp from the sun when you go outside.
system: How can radiation therapy affect women?
output: Diarrhea Radiation therapy to your belly can cause diarrhea, which typically starts a few weeks after therapy begins. The doctor will likely prescribe medications to help control it. She'll also suggest changes in your diet, such as eating small meals more often, avoiding high-fiber foods, and getting enough potassium. Women shouldn't try to get pregnant during radiation therapy because it can hurt the baby. It also can stop periods and cause other symptoms of menopause.
system: How are men and women affected by radiation therapy?
output: Treatment to the pelvis can make sex painful for some women and can also cause scarring that makes the vagina less able to stretch. In men, radiation can affect the nerves and blood vessels that control erections. Your doctor can help you understand what might happen and how you can handle it. It's natural to have less interest in sex when you're having treatment for cancer. Make sure you listen to their concerns, too. Talk with your doctor about the potential risk and how it compares to the benefits you'll get from radiation therapy.
system: Does radiation therapy always cause hair loss?
output: You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation. Others won't. If it does happen, it's usually sudden and comes out in clumps. In most cases, your hair will grow back after therapy stops, but it may be thinner or have a different texture.
system: How early do side effects from radiation therapy start?
output: This treatment can cause side effects, but they're different for everyone. Early side effects, such as nausea and fatigue, usually don't last long. They may start during or right after treatment and last for several weeks after it ends, but then they get better. Late side effects, such as lung or heart problems, may take years to show up and are often permanent when they do. The most common early side effects are fatigue and skin problems. You might get others, such as hair loss and nausea, depending on where you get radiation.
system: Where can I find information on when to take insulin?
output: Follow your doctor's guidelines on when to take your insulin.
system: How do you know what type of insulin is best for your diabetes?
output: The types of insulin include: Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting Pre-mixed Your doctor will work with you to prescribe the type of insulin that's best for you and your diabetes. Making that choice will depend on many things, including: How you respond to insulin. ( How long it takes the body to absorb it and how long it remains active varies from person to person.) Lifestyle choices. The type of food you eat, how much alcohol you drink, or how much exercise you get will all affect how your body uses insulin. Your willingness to give yourself multiple injections per day How often you check your blood sugar Your age Your goals for managing your blood sugar Afrezza, a rapid-acting inhaled insulin, is FDA-approved for use before meals for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
system: What types of insulin treat diabetes?
output: The types of insulin include: Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting Pre-mixed Your doctor will work with you to prescribe the type of insulin that's best for you and your diabetes. Making that choice will depend on many things, including: How you respond to insulin. ( How long it takes the body to absorb it and how long it remains active varies from person to person.)
system: When should you take your insulin for diabetes?
output: Rapid acting insulins: About 15 minutes before mealtime Short-acting insulins: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal Intermediate-acting insulins: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal Pre-mixed insulins: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime Long-acting insulins aren't tied to mealtimes.
system: Are there any insulins that aren't tied to mealtimes?
output: Rapid acting insulins: About 15 minutes before mealtime Short-acting insulins: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal Intermediate-acting insulins: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal Pre-mixed insulins: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime Long-acting insulins aren't tied to mealtimes. You'll take detemir ( Levemir) once or twice a day no matter when you eat. And you'll take glargine ( Basaglar, Lantus, Toujeo) once a day, always at the same time. Deglutec is taken once a day, and the time of day can be flexible. But some people do have to pair a long-acting insulin with a shorter-acting type or another medication that does have to be taken at meal time.
system: How long before eating should I use the different types of insulins?
output: Rapid acting insulins: About 15 minutes before mealtime Short-acting insulins: 30 to 60 minutes before a meal Intermediate-acting insulins: Up to 1 hour prior to a meal Pre-mixed insulins: Depending on the product, between 10 minutes or 30 to 45 minutes before mealtime Long-acting insulins aren't tied to mealtimes.
system: When should I take insulin if I have diabetes?
output: The time span between your shot and meals may vary depending on the type you use. In general, though, you should coordinate your injection with a meal. For more information about when to take insulin, read the "dosing and administration" section of the insulin product package insert that came with your insulin product, or talk with your doctor.