laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can someone prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
output: One-third of people with DVT or PE will have a second bout within 10 years. Preventing that depends on what caused yours in the first place. Some things, like age and inherited blood disorders, can't be helped. But you can make some changes to lower your risk, such as losing weight and being more active. On long trips or when you have to sit for a long time, you'll need to stretch your legs, get up, and move around. If you have to go to the hospital for any reason, explain to the staff that you've had DVT. They'll likely put you on blood thinners or use compression stockings on your legs to keep your blood flowing and avoid another clot.
system: What is DVT and how dangerous is it?
output: The biggest danger is that part of the clot could break off and travel to your lungs. It could cause a blockage known as a pulmonary embolism, or PE. Your doctor will talk to you about how likely that is to happen with your clot. People with a deep-vein clot in their leg usually have swelling, pain, tenderness, or redness in one leg, but sometimes both.
system: What exercises can I do if I have deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
output: How is it diagnosed? You can still move around and walk after you've been diagnosed, but you should take it easy. Talk to your doctor about what exercise you like to do and whether it's safe.
system: What are symptoms of testicular torsion?
output: See a doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Sudden, severe pain on one side of the scrotum Redness and swelling of the scrotum One testicle that's suddenly sits higher than the other Belly pain Nausea, vomiting Fever In many cases, an emergency room ( ER) doctor will diagnose testicular torsion.
system: What are tests to diagnose testicular torsion?
output: You might get one or more of these tests to diagnose testicular torsion: Urine test (checks for an infection) Ultrasound (uses sound waves to check for reduced blood flow to your testicle) Your doctor might need to do surgery to confirm that you have testicular torsion.
system: What causes testicular torsion?
output: Some men are born without the tissue that holds their testicles in place. Without this tissue, their testicles are free to move around inside the scrotum. This is called a bell clapper deformity. Newborns can get testicular torsion because the connecting tissue hasn't yet formed. Testicular torsion is very rare.
system: How do doctors diagnose testicular torsion?
output: See a doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Sudden, severe pain on one side of the scrotum Redness and swelling of the scrotum One testicle that's suddenly sits higher than the other Belly pain Nausea, vomiting Fever In many cases, an emergency room ( ER) doctor will diagnose testicular torsion. A specialist called a urologist will treat it. The doctor will ask questions about your symptoms and examine your scrotum and testicles. He might gently touch the inside of your thigh on the side of the affected testicle. Normally this should make your testicle contract, or rise up. If it doesn't, you could have testicular torsion.
system: What makes testicular torsion more likely?
output: You're more likely to have testicular torsion if you: Often do intense exercise Injure your testicles Are exposed to the cold Have a growth spurt of the testicles during puberty Had testicular torsion in the past The only way to prevent testicular torsion is to have surgery to attach your testicles to the insides of your scrotum, but this is only done if you have already had torsion or are currently experiencing it. This is not done as a preventive measure.
system: What's the treatment for testicular torsion?
output: Newborn babies or middle-aged men can sometimes get it, too. But in most cases, you'll need surgery to fix testicular torsion.
system: Is there a cure for multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: No, but there are many drugs that can keep the disease from getting worse for a while. Along with medications, other treatments like physical therapy, rehab, and speech therapy can help you keep your symptoms under control and live an active life.
system: Which multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment is best for me?
output: It's easy to feel overwhelmed by all the different medications and therapies that can help people with MS. The first step is to learn about your treatment options and talk about them with your doctor. Think about how well the treatment is supposed to work, any possible side effects, how you'll take the therapy, and how it fits with your lifestyle. Your doctor is a good source for information about the different types of treatments. He also can recommend MS support groups and other professionals who can help you.
system: What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: MS is problem with the immune system called an autoimmune disease. Instead of targeting only bacteria, viruses, and other invaders, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. In MS, it attacks the brain and spinal cord.
system: Will you need a wheelchair for multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: But there may be a time when you'll need to use a cane or a walker to make it easier. About 25% of people with the condition eventually need a wheelchair.
system: How does deep brain stimulation help treat multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: The main goal of deep brain stimulation for MS is to ease tremors, or shaking you can't control. It won't help with other problems, such as loss of vision, feeling, or strength.
system: What viruses might cause multiple sclerosis?
output: Some studies also have suggested that many viruses -- such as those for measles, herpes, and the flu -- may be linked with MS. But there's no clear proof of a connection so far.
system: Can you catch multiple sclerosis from someone else?
output: If other people in your family have the disease, you may be more likely to get it at some point.
system: Is multiple sclerosis fatal?
output: And you can't catch it from someone else.
system: Can my doctor help me choose a multiple sclerosis treatment?
output: Your doctor is a good source for information about the different types of treatments. He also can recommend MS support groups and other professionals who can help you.
system: What are the first warning signs of multiple sclerosis?
output: The first warning signs of MS can be dramatic -- or so mild that a person doesn't even notice them. The most common early symptoms include: Tingling Numbness Loss of balance Weakness in one or more limbs Blurred or double vision Less-common warning signs may be: Slurred speech Suddenly not being able to move part of your body, called paralysis Lack of coordination Problems with thinking and processing information As the disease gets worse, other symptoms may include heat sensitivity, fatigue, and changes in thinking.
system: What is multiple sclerosis?
output: MS is problem with the immune system called an autoimmune disease. Instead of targeting only bacteria, viruses, and other invaders, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. In MS, it attacks the brain and spinal cord.
system: Do doctors know why people contract multiple sclerosis?
output: Doctors still don't understand why people get the disease, but genetics, a person's environment, and possibly even viruses may play a role.
system: What symptoms are displayed in patients with multiple sclerosis as the disease gets worse?
output: The most common early symptoms include: Tingling Numbness Loss of balance Weakness in one or more limbs Blurred or double vision Less-common warning signs may be: Slurred speech Suddenly not being able to move part of your body, called paralysis Lack of coordination Problems with thinking and processing information As the disease gets worse, other symptoms may include heat sensitivity, fatigue, and changes in thinking.
system: What are less-common warning signs of symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
output: The most common early symptoms include: Tingling Numbness Loss of balance Weakness in one or more limbs Blurred or double vision Less-common warning signs may be: Slurred speech Suddenly not being able to move part of your body, called paralysis Lack of coordination Problems with thinking and processing information As the disease gets worse, other symptoms may include heat sensitivity, fatigue, and changes in thinking.
system: Does optic neuritis happen in one eye or both eyes?
output: Optic neuritis usually happens to one eye at a time, though it can affect both at once. It's often the first symptom that someone has MS. About half of people with the condition will have optic neuritis at least once.
system: How does deep brain stimulation help treat multiple sclerosis?
output: The main goal of deep brain stimulation for MS is to ease tremors, or shaking you can't control. It won't help with other problems, such as loss of vision, feeling, or strength.
system: Can a healthy diet help treat multiple sclerosis?
output: It's always a good idea to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet, too. Ask your doctor what foods are right for you.
system: Can you catch multiple sclerosis (MS) from someone else?
output: And you can't catch it from someone else. If other people in your family have the disease, you may be more likely to get it at some point.
system: Do most people recover fully from optic neuritis?
output: Most people with optic neuritis recover fully, sometimes without any treatment.
system: Can a positive attitude help treat multiple sclerosis?
output: It's easy to feel overwhelmed by all the different medications and therapies that can help people with MS.
system: What is optic neuritis relative to multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: It's the inflammation of the nerve that connects your eye to your brain. It can cause: Pain in the eye Blurred vision Graying of vision Blindness in one eye If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your doctor right away. The key to protecting your eyesight is to catch the problem early. Your doctor can treat you with steroids to fight the inflammation in the nerve. Optic neuritis usually happens to one eye at a time, though it can affect both at once. It's often the first symptom that someone has MS. About half of people with the condition will have optic neuritis at least once. But it can happen to people who have other health problems, too, so it doesn't automatically mean that someone has or will get MS. Most people with optic neuritis recover fully, sometimes without any treatment.
system: Is multiple sclerosis caused by genetics?
output: First-, second- and third-degree relatives of people with the disease have a higher risk of getting it. Some scientists think people might get multiple sclerosis because they're born with genes that make their bodies react to a trigger in the environment. Once they're exposed to it, their immune system starts targeting their own tissues.
system: What is optic neuritis and what does it cause?
output: It's the inflammation of the nerve that connects your eye to your brain. It can cause: Pain in the eye Blurred vision Graying of vision Blindness in one eye If you notice any of these symptoms, tell your doctor right away. The key to protecting your eyesight is to catch the problem early. Your doctor can treat you with steroids to fight the inflammation in the nerve.
system: What are basic safety tips that I should do during my newborn baby's first week?
output: Enjoy this time! As you get to know your little one, remember these basic safety tips: Always put your baby to sleep on her back. Empty her sleeping area -- no pillows, crib bumpers or wedges, toys, or soft bedding like a blanket. Your baby should sleep in your room, or vice versa. But don't sleep or snooze in the same bed. Keep up with doctor visits and immunizations. Breastfeed your baby if you can. Keep her comfy. Don't overdress her. You want to prevent overheating.
system: How should I care for my newborn baby's circumcision?
output: This should disappear within about a week. If it gets worse, if you see any crusted sores with cloudy fluid, or if you're concerned, call your doctor. Keep your son's penis clean, especially after a dirty diaper. Use just water, or a mild cleanser and water, as needed. Dab a little petroleum jelly on the tip to keep it from sticking to the diaper.
system: How can I jump-start the bonding process with my newborn baby?
output: Bonding with your child is one of the great joys of parenthood, but it doesn't always happen right away. You're adjusting, and your newborn is getting used to being out in the world. To jump-start the bonding process: Spend time skin to skin. Hold your infant close to your chest while you feed her or just when you're cuddling. You can also stroke or gently massage your little one. Talk to your baby. Coo, babble, sing, and speak to her -- she loves the sound of your voice. Look into your baby's eyes and smile. In time, she'll start to mimic your expressions.
system: How should I care for my newborn baby's belly button?
output: Keep the umbilical cord stump and the skin around it clean and dry until the stump shrivels and falls off. Give your little one sponge baths, and don't submerge the cord in water. Fold diapers below the cord to keep pee from soaking it. Call the doctor if your baby cries when you touch the cord. She might have an infection. Redness at the base and foul-smelling, yellow liquid are also warning signs of an infection.
system: How much will my newborn baby sleep?
output: A lot, at first -- as much as 18-20 hours a day. But not all at once. By 6 months, many babies sleep 6 hours a night. Use these tips to help your little one snooze: When she fusses at night, wait a minute or two to see if she calms herself down and goes back to sleep. Be quiet during nighttime feedings or diaper changes. Try not to wake her up too much. Be active and play during the day, so she stays awake for longer periods. That can gradually help her sleep more at night.
system: How do I know if my newborn is getting plenty to eat?
output: She should eat every 2 to 3 hours if you give her formula and every 1-2 hours if you breastfeed her. You can tell that she's getting plenty to eat when: She spends 10 to 15 minutes at each breast actively sucking and swallowing, or she drinks 2 to 3 ounces of formula at each feeding. She has six or more wet diapers and four or more poopy diapers every 24 hours after day 4. After losing a little weight the first week, she starts to gain it the second week. If you're concerned about her weight, check with your pediatrician.
system: How often should I bathe my newborn baby?
output: Three baths a week or fewer are plenty. More than that can dry out your baby's skin. Just be sure to wait until the umbilical cord has fallen off before you give her a bath.
system: What is radical nephrectomy?
output: The surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma is called a radical nephrectomy. A surgeon removes your whole kidney and some of the tissue around it. If your cancer hasn't spread much farther than your kidney, the procedure might cure you. Even if your cancer has spread, surgery could help you live longer. It can also relieve symptoms like pain and bleeding.
system: What happens during radical nephrectomy?
output: During the procedure, the surgeon makes a cut in your side, back, or belly and removes: Your whole kidney The adrenal gland that's on top of the kidney Some of the fat around the organ Some nearby lymph nodes After surgery, you'll go to a recovery room.
system: What are the risks of having a surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
output: Learn the benefits -- and risks -- of surgery so you can decide if it's right for you. If you're having a kidney removed, it's possible that you'll have problems such as: Infection Bleeding Pneumonia A reaction to the anesthesia drugs Damage to organs and blood vessels Your other kidney fails Before your procedure, ask your surgeon about the chances you could have these problems.
system: What is arterial embolization for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
output: It can also relieve symptoms like pain and bleeding. During this procedure, the surgeon places small pieces of a special gelatin sponge or other material into the main blood vessel that goes to your kidney. These pieces block blood flow to the organ. Without enough blood, the cancer will shrink. Your doctor may want to do an arterial embolization before you have a radical nephrectomy. Shrinking the tumor can make it easier to do the surgery.
system: What do you need to know about surgery for kidney cancer?
output: The surgery for stage IV renal cell carcinoma is called a radical nephrectomy. If your cancer has spread to other organs, you will probably need another treatment besides surgery. If you're not healthy enough for surgery, you have another option. Shrinking the tumor can make it easier to do the surgery. Your doctor might recommend changes to your diet or exercise routine to help keep your kidney healthy.
system: How long will it take to heal from radical nephrectomy?
output: This medicine will make you sleep and keep you from feeling pain during the surgery. About 2 weeks later, you'll see your surgeon to check on your progress. If your cancer has spread to other organs, you will probably need another treatment besides surgery. Your doctor might give you targeted therapy or immunotherapy. These treatments kill cancer cells all over your body.
system: What should you do while your ruptured eardrum heals?
output: While the eardrum heals, you'll need to keep the ear dry. That means no swimming or diving until the doctor says the eardrum is healed. You'll also need to use a shower cap or place cotton coated with petroleum jelly in your outer ear when you shower to keep water out. Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly.
system: What can a ruptured eardrum lead to?
output: A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. But typically, especially if you protect your ear, a ruptured eardrum will heal on its own without treatment within a couple of months.
system: Can head injuries or an ear slap lead to a ruptured eardrum?
output: A head injury or an ear slap can cause the eardrum to rupture. So can an acoustic trauma caused by a sudden loud noise, such as an explosion or a sudden blast of loud music.
system: How can a ruptured eardrum happen?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A ruptured eardrum, like a clap of thunder, can happen suddenly. You may feel a sharp pain in your ear, or an earache that you've had for a while suddenly goes away. It's also possible that you may not have any sign that your eardrum has ruptured.
system: What tests are done when diagnosing a ruptured eardrum?
output: The doctor may also test your hearing to determine how much effect the ruptured eardrum has had on your hearing; he or she may use a tuning fork to test it. The doctor may also ask for an audiology test, which uses a series of tones you listen to with headphones to determine your level of hearing. Most hearing loss due to a ruptured eardrum is temporary. Normal hearing returns usually after the eardrum heals.
system: What can cause a ruptured eardrum?
output: A number of things can cause the eardrum to rupture; one of the most common causes is an ear infection. When the middle ear is infected, pressure builds up and pushes against the eardrum. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. Another common cause of a ruptured eardrum is poking the eardrum with a foreign object, such as a cotton-tipped swab or a bobby pin that's being used to clean wax out of the ear canal. Sometimes children can puncture their own eardrum by putting objects such as a stick or a small toy in their ear.
system: What do eardrums do?
output: The eardrum serves two important functions in your ear. It senses vibrating sound waves and converts the vibration into nerve impulses that convey the sound to your brain. It also protects the middle ear from bacteria as well as water and foreign objects. Normally, the middle ear is sterile. But when the eardrum is ruptured, bacteria can get into the middle ear and cause an infection known as otitis media.
system: How is a ruptured eardrum diagnosed?
output: Other symptoms of a ruptured eardrum include: Sudden sharp ear pain or a sudden decrease in ear pain Drainage from the ear that may be bloody, clear, or resemble pus Ear noise or buzzing Hearing loss that may be partial or complete in the affected ear Episodic ear infections Facial weakness or dizziness If you have any of the symptoms of a ruptured eardrum, the doctor will do an otoscopic exam. An otoscope is an instrument with a light that's used to look inside the ear. In most cases, if there is a hole or tear in the eardrum, the doctor will be able to see it. Sometimes there may be too much wax or drainage for the doctor to clearly see the eardrum. If this is the case, the doctor may clean the ear canal or prescribe eardrops for you to use to help clear it. Sometimes, the doctor uses a rubber bulb attached to the otoscope to blow a puff of air into the ear. If the eardrum is not ruptured, it will move when the air hits it. If it is ruptured, it won't.
system: How can a ruptured eardrum be prevented?
output: Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly. It's also important to see a doctor to remove a foreign object in your ear rather than try to remove it yourself.
system: What should you do if your ruptured eardrum takes long to heal?
output: It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. If the ruptured eardrum is causing you pain, the doctor may recommend using an over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. The surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis. During the procedure, which usually takes a couple of hours, the doctor will attach a piece of your own tissue to the eardrum to rebuild the eardrum. Surgery is most commonly used for large perforations, for perforations that involve the edges of the eardrum, or for ruptured eardrums caused by an ear infection.
system: What is a ruptured eardrum?
output: A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. That membrane, known as the tympanic membrane, is made of tissue that resembles skin.
system: What is a barotrauma?
output: A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. The change in pressure is also a common problem for scuba divers.