laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children?
output: But frequent vomiting associated with discomfort and difficulty feeding or weight loss may be caused by something more serious known as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Both GER and GERD can cause the upward movement of stomach content, including acid, into the esophagus and sometimes into or out of the mouth. Older children also can have GERD. There also appears to be an inherited component to GERD, as it is more common in some families than in others. Usually, the medical history as told by the parent is enough for the doctor to diagnose GERD, especially if the problem occurs regularly and causes discomfort.
system: What causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children?
output: Both GER and GERD can cause the upward movement of stomach content, including acid, into the esophagus and sometimes into or out of the mouth. Older children also can have GERD. Certain factors also may contribute to GERD, including obesity, overeating, eating spicy or fried foods, drinking caffeine, carbonation, and specific medications. There also appears to be an inherited component to GERD, as it is more common in some families than in others.
system: How might reflexology help if you have B-cell lymphoma?
output: A trained therapist puts pressure on specific points, sometimes with the help of rubber balls, rubber bands, and pieces of wood to help you relax, relieve pain, and increase your circulation.
system: What is an integrative medicine strategy for B-cell lymphoma?
output: It's a strategy that looks at all of your health needs -- physical and emotional -- and comes up with a tailored plan that treats your cancer and manages symptoms and side effects, too. You'll get advice on how to use complementary therapies in addition to standard treatments, not in place of them. Your plan might include things like an exercise routine, traditional Chinese medicine, massage, or meditation. The goal is to soothe your spirit along with healing your body.
system: How can nutrition counseling help with treating B-cell lymphoma?
output: Your cancer treatment may curb your appetite and sap your energy. Choosing the right foods can help you feel better, stronger, and more energetic. Ask your doctor if nutrition counseling is available at your cancer center. If not, he can refer you to a dietitian who has experience working with lymphoma patients.
system: How can exercise help with treating B-cell lymphoma?
output: Some physical activities you might try are walking, swimming, or strength training. Before you start an exercise routine, check with your doctor to find out if there are certain activities you should avoid. He may suggest you meet with a physical therapist, who can set up an exercise plan that's tailored to your needs.
system: How might massage help if you have B-cell lymphoma?
output: Ask if your hospital has one on site. A trained therapist puts pressure on specific points, sometimes with the help of rubber balls, rubber bands, and pieces of wood to help you relax, relieve pain, and increase your circulation. A therapist can also massage the oils into your body. Choosing the right foods can help you feel better, stronger, and more energetic.
system: How might dietary supplements help with treating B-cell lymphoma?
output: Some people with lymphoma try a variety of vitamins and herbs, such as multivitamins, vitamin D, green tea, and flaxseed. Talk to your doctor before you try any vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements. He can tell you whether they might interfere with other medicine you take.
system: Who is at risk for septic arthritis?
output: Young children and elderly adults are most likely to develop septic arthritis. People with open wounds are also at a higher risk for septic arthritis. In addition, people with a weakened immune system and those with pre-existing conditions such as cancer, diabetes, intravenous drug abuse, and immune deficiency disorders have a higher risk of septic arthritis. In addition, previously damaged joints have an increased likelihood of becoming infected.
system: What are the symptoms of septic arthritis?
output: Symptoms of septic arthritis usually come on rapidly with intense pain, joint swelling, and fever. Septic arthritis symptoms may include: Chills Fatigue and generalized weakness Fever Inability to move the limb with the infected joint Severe pain in the affected joint, especially with movement Swelling (increased fluid within the joint) Warmth (the joint is red and warm to touch because of increased blood flow) A procedure called arthrocentesis is commonly used to make an accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis.
system: What causes septic arthritis?
output: Septic arthritis usually is caused by bacteria that spread through the blood stream from another area of the body. It can also be caused by a bacterial infection from an open wound or an opening from a surgical procedure, such as knee surgery.
system: What is the treatment for septic arthritis?
output: Septic arthritis treatments include using a combination of powerful antibiotics as well as draining the infected synovial fluid from the joint.
system: What is septic arthritis?
output: Septic arthritis is also known as infectious arthritis, and is usually caused by bacteria. It can also be caused by a virus or fungus. The condition is an inflammation of a joint that's caused by infection. Typically, septic arthritis affects one large joint in the body, such as the knee or hip.
system: What viral or fungal infections can cause septic arthritis?
output: Viruses include: Hepatitis A, B, and C Parvovirus B19 Herpes viruses HIV ( AIDS virus) HTLV-1 Adenovirus Coxsackie viruses Mumps Fungi that can cause arthritis include histoplasma, coccidiomyces, and blastomyces.
system: How is septic arthritis diagnosed?
output: Septic arthritis symptoms may include: Chills Fatigue and generalized weakness Fever Inability to move the limb with the infected joint Severe pain in the affected joint, especially with movement Swelling (increased fluid within the joint) Warmth (the joint is red and warm to touch because of increased blood flow) A procedure called arthrocentesis is commonly used to make an accurate diagnosis of septic arthritis. This procedure involves a surgical puncture of the joint to draw a sample of the joint fluid, known as synovial fluid. X-rays are typically done to look for joint damage.
system: How can trauma to the skin cause psoriasis?
output: Trauma to the skin. In some people with psoriasis, trauma to the skin -- including cuts, bruises, burns, bumps, vaccinations, tattoos, and other skin conditions -- can cause a flare-up of psoriasis symptoms at the site of the injury. This condition is called " Koebner phenomenon."
system: What triggers a psoriasis flare-up?
output: While the underlying cause of psoriasis stems from your body's immune system, certain triggers can make symptoms worse or cause flare-ups. These psoriasis triggers include: Cold and dry weather. Such weather can dry out your skin, which makes the chances of having a flare-up worse. In contrast, hot, sunny weather appears to help control the symptoms of psoriasis in most people. Stress. Having psoriasis can itself cause stress, and patients often report that outbreaks of symptoms come during particularly stressful times. Some medications. Certain drugs, such as lithium (a common treatment for bipolar disorder), drugs for malaria, and some beta-blockers (used to treat high blood pressure, heart disease, and some heart arrhythmias), can cause flare-ups of psoriasis symptoms. Infections. Certain infections, such as strep throat or tonsillitis, can result in guttate (small, salmon-pink droplets) or other types of psoriasis two to three weeks after the infection. Psoriasis symptoms may worsen in people who have HIV. Trauma to the skin. In some people with psoriasis, trauma to the skin -- including cuts, bruises, burns, bumps, vaccinations, tattoos, and other skin conditions -- can cause a flare-up of psoriasis symptoms at the site of the injury. This condition is called " Koebner phenomenon." Alcohol. Using alcohol may increase the chances of psoriasis flare-ups. Smoking. Some experts think that smoking can worsen psoriasis symptoms.
system: How can alcohol cause psoriasis?
output: Using alcohol may increase the chances of psoriasis flare-ups.
system: How can infections cause psoriasis?
output: Certain infections, such as strep throat or tonsillitis, can result in guttate (small, salmon-pink droplets) or other types of psoriasis two to three weeks after the infection. Psoriasis symptoms may worsen in people who have HIV.
system: What is auditory processing disorder (APD)?
output: Someone says, " Please raise your hand," and you hear something like " Please haze your plan." You tell your child, " Look at the cows over there," and he may hear, " Look at the clown on the chair." APD, also known as central auditory processing disorder, isn't hearing loss or a learning disorder. It means your brain doesn't "hear" sounds in the usual way. It's not a problem with understanding meaning.
system: When should children get tested for auditory processing disorder (APD)?
output: Children usually aren't tested for APD until age 7 because their responses to the listening test may not be accurate when they're younger.
system: What are the symptoms of auditory processing disorder (APD)?
output: APD can affect the way your child speaks as well as his ability to read, write, and spell. He may drop the ends of words or mix up similar sounds. It also can be hard for him to talk with other people. He may not be able to process what others are saying and come up with a response quickly.
system: Who can get auditory processing disorder (APD)?
output: People of all ages can have APD. It often starts in childhood, but some people develop it later. Between 2% and 7% of kids have it, and boys are more likely to have it than girls. The disorder can lead to learning delays, so kids who have it may need a little extra help in school.
system: How is auditory processing disorder (APD) diagnosed?
output: Your doctor can use a hearing test to see if your child's issues are caused by hearing loss, but only a hearing specialist, called an audiologist, can diagnose APD. The audiologist will do a series of advanced listening tests in which your child will listen to different sounds and respond when she hears them. For instance, she might repeat them or push a button. The doctor also may attach painless electrodes to your child's ears and head to measure how her brain reacts to sound.
system: How can auditory processing disorder (APD) affect your child?
output: Your child also may find it hard to: Follow conversations Know where a sound came from Listen to music Remember spoken instructions, particularly if there are multiple steps Understand what people say, especially in a loud place or if more than one person is talking Doctors don't know exactly what causes APD, but it may be linked to: Illness.
system: What can auditory processing disorder (APD) be linked to?
output: APD may be linked to other things that cause similar symptoms. In fact, it may be part of the reason some people have dyslexia. And some experts think children are sometimes diagnosed with ADHD when they actually have APD.
system: What is the treatment for auditory processing disorder (APD)?
output: There's no cure for APD, and the treatment is specific to each person. But it usually focuses on the following areas: Classroom support: Electronic devices, like an FM (frequency modulation) system, can help your child hear the teacher more clearly. And his teachers can suggest ways to help him focus his attention, like sitting toward the front of the class and limiting background noise. Making other skills stronger: Things like memory, problem solving, and other learning skills can help your child deal with APD. Therapy: Speech therapy can help your child recognize sounds and improve conversational skills. And reading support that focuses on specific areas where your child has trouble can be helpful as well. You can make a few changes at home, too. Cover hard floors with rugs to reduce echoes, and limit use of the TV, radio, and other noisy electronics.
system: Why do poor habits cause bad breath?
output: If you don't brush and floss teeth daily, food particles can remain in your mouth, promoting bacterial growth between teeth, around the gums, and on the tongue. This causes bad breath. Antibacterial mouth rinses also can help reduce bacteria. In addition, odor-causing bacteria and food particles can cause bad breath if dentures are not properly cleaned.
system: Who treats bad breath?
output: If your dentist determines that your mouth is healthy and the odor is not of oral origin, you may be referred to your family doctor or to a specialist to determine the odor source and treatment plan. If the odor is due to gum disease, for example, your dentist can either treat the disease or refer you to a periodontist, a dentist who specializes in treating gum conditions.
system: How does what you eat affect breath?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Basically, all the food eaten begins to be broken down in your mouth. If you eat foods with strong odors (such as garlic or onions), brushing and flossing -- even mouthwash -- merely covers up the odor temporarily. The odor will not go away completely until the foods have passed through your body.
system: How can you prevent bad breath by practicing oral hygiene?
output: Bad breath can be reduced or prevented if you: Practice good oral hygiene. Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to remove food debris and plaque. Brush teeth after you eat (keep a toothbrush at work or school to brush after lunch). Don't forget to brush the tongue, too. Replace your toothbrush every 2 to 3 months or after an illness. Use floss or an interdental cleaner to remove food particles and plaque between teeth once a day. Rinse with an antibacterial mouthwash twice a day. Dentures should be removed at night and cleaned thoroughly before being placed in your mouth the next morning.
system: What are other dental causes of bad breath?
output: Bad breath, medically called halitosis, can result from poor dental health habits and may be a sign of other health problems.
system: What are some diseases and illnesses that can cause bad breath?
output: Many other diseases and illnesses may cause bad breath. Here are some to be aware of: respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia or bronchitis, chronic sinus infections, postnasal drip, diabetes, chronic acid reflux, and liver or kidney problems.
system: Should I see my dentist about bad breath?
output: See your dentist regularly -- at least twice a year. He or she will conduct an oral exam and professional teeth cleaning and will be able to detect and treat periodontal disease, dry mouth, or other problems that may be the cause of bad mouth odor.
system: What products can I use to eliminate bad breath?
output: An antiseptic mouthwash can help eliminate bacteria that cause bad breath. Ask your dentist about which product is best for you.
system: Does smoking or chewing tobacco cause bad breath?
output: Smoking or chewing tobacco-based products also can cause bad breath, stain teeth, reduce your ability to taste foods, and irritate your gums.
system: What causes bad breath?
output: Bad breath can also be made worse by the types of foods you eat and other unhealthy lifestyle habits. Other dental causes of bad breath include poorly fitting dental appliances, yeast infections of the mouth, and dental caries (cavities).
system: Is bad breath a warning sign of gum (periodontal) disease?
output: Gum disease is caused by the buildup of plaque on teeth. Bacteria cause the formation of toxins to form, which irritate the gums. If gum disease continues untreated, it can damage the gums and jawbone. He or she will conduct an oral exam and professional teeth cleaning and will be able to detect and treat periodontal disease, dry mouth, or other problems that may be the cause of bad mouth odor.
system: What is the role of brain messenger chemicals in the development of schizophrenia?
output: Others believe that inflammation in the brain may damage cells that are used for thinking and perception.
system: How can schizophrenia affect your brain?
output: But what happens inside the brain of someone who has schizophrenia? Scientists are working to understand that. They've found that people who have the disorder may be more likely to have glitches in their genes that may disrupt brain development. There's another key brain difference. Studies show that certain brain chemicals that control thinking, behavior, and emotions are either too active or not active enough in people with schizophrenia. Doctors also believe the brain loses tissue over time. And imaging tools, like PET scans and MRIs, show that people who have schizophrenia have less âgray matterâ -- the part of the brain that contains nerve cells -- over time. This research is helping efforts to develop better treatments for people who have this condition.
system: What is the role of glutamate in schizophrenia?
output: Glutamate is a chemical involved in the part of the brain that forms memories and helps us learn new things. It also tells parts of the brain what to do. One study found that people who are at risk for developing schizophrenia may have too much glutamate activity in certain areas of the brain at first. As the disease progresses, those brain areas may have too little glutamate activity. Doctors are working to find out how brain circuits that use these chemicals work together or are related to each other.
system: How does dopamine behave in people with schizophrenia?
output: Two brain chemicals, dopamine and glutamate, carry messages to cells along brain pathways that doctors believe control thinking, perception, and motivation. Dopamine gets a lot of attention in brain research because it's been linked to addiction.
system: How has ???????brain imaging help treat schizophrenia?
output: Doctors also believe the brain loses tissue over time. They can also map the possible loss of brain tissue. One study showed that brain tissue loss in young people at risk of developing the illness was linked to psychotic symptoms like hallucinations. Another study compared MRI pictures of the brains of youths about age 14 who had no symptoms of schizophrenia with those who did. It found that the teens who had symptoms lost more brain tissue over a 5-year period than the others. Research shows that adults who have schizophrenia also may lose gray matter.
system: How does exercise boost endorphins in people with fibromyalgia?
output: Studies show that exercise can help restore the body's neurochemical balance and that it triggers a positive emotional state. Not only does regular exercise slow down the heart-racing adrenaline associated with stress, but it also boosts levels of natural endorphins -- pain-fighting molecules that may be responsible for the well-known "runner's high." Endorphins help to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression.
system: What are low-impact exercises that help develop flexibility and ease stress in people with fibromyalgia?
output: They include: Yoga -- an ancient form of exercise that can reduce stress and relieve muscle tension or pain by improving range of motion and strength. Practicing yoga for fibromyalgia when you are feeling tense or anxious may help you reduce stress and the risk of injury when you are on the job or at home. Tai chi -- a series of flowing, graceful movements that can give you a good workout and stretching regimen. Studies show that tai chi participants also increase their sense of balance, can bend easier, and are better able to do household tasks. With fibromyalgia, tai chi can help keep your back flexible and strong. Pilates -- a form of exercise that focuses on breathing and strengthening the torso muscles. With Pilates, an instructor will help you work on postural muscles that are essential to supporting the spine.
system: What types of exercises work best for fibromyalgia symptoms?
output: Regular exercise benefits people with fibromyalgia by doing the following: Burning calories and making weight control easier Giving range-of-motion to painful muscles and joints Improving a person's outlook on life Improving quality of sleep Improving one's sense of well-being Increasing aerobic capacity Improving cardiovascular health Increasing energy Reducing anxiety levels and depression Relieving stress associated with a chronic disease Stimulating the secretion of endorphins or "happy hormones" Strengthening bones Strengthening muscles Relieving pain Some new findings suggest that exercises such as walking, strength training, and stretching activities are effective at improving physical, emotional, and social function. They also are effective in addressing key symptoms in women with fibromyalgia who are also being treated with medication. Other studies point to long-term aquatic exercise programs -- such as water aerobics -- as being effective in reducing symptoms and improving the health-related quality of life of the participants.
system: Why is exercise important for people with fibromyalgia?
output: Experts believe that exercise is essential for keeping muscles strong and flexible, controlling weight, and helping you stay active in other areas of life. In fact, exercise and activity allow patients to have some control over fibromyalgia and the amount of pain they feel. It used to be that doctors thought that exercise might worsen fibromyalgia symptoms or accelerate the disease. So doctors encouraged patients to seek rest, not activity. But recent scientific studies have shown that, for most patients, range of motion, strengthening, and aerobic conditioning exercises are safe and necessary.
system: What exercises should be avoided for people with fibromyalgia?
output: In addition, endurance exercises help with weight loss. If you have fibromyalgia, water therapy may give you good results. Golf, tennis, hiking, and other recreational activities are also healthful. Discuss your plan with your doctor before you start.
system: How do strengthening exercises help people with fibromyalgia?
output: You also condition your body, tone your muscles, and build coordination and endurance. Strengthening exercises. Be cautious not to hurt yourself when doing strengthening exercises. A personal trainer or fitness expert can explain how to use resistance, starting slowly and increasing as you build your strength.
system: How can I get started exercising with fibromyalgia?
output: Begin with stretching exercises and gentle, low-impact activity, such as walking, swimming, or bicycling. Muscle soreness is typical when you are just starting an exercise regimen. But if you have sharp pain, stop and call your doctor. You may have overworked or injured your muscles. Discuss your plan with your doctor before you start.
system: How does water therapy help people with fibromyalgia?
output: These exercises help to build strong muscles and tendons needed to support your joints. If you have fibromyalgia, water therapy may give you good results. The water alleviates the force of gravity and provides buoyancy as well as mild resistance. Whether stretching in the water, using a kickboard as a floatation device as you push and kick, or swimming using slow, gentle strokes, water therapy can provide a gentle form of conditioning. That makes it quite beneficial for many people with fibromyalgia.
system: What is sarcoidosis?
output: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph glands. In people with sarcoidosis, abnormal masses or nodules (called granulomas) consisting of inflamed tissues form in certain organs of the body. These granulomas may alter the normal structure and possibly the function of the affected organ(s).