laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is adult day care?
output: Adult day care: These centers offer seniors care or company during the day. Some have outings and social activities. Others may offer only health care.
system: What is a geriatric care manager?
output: Care managers: A geriatric care manager is a hired nurse or social worker who looks at a family's caregiving situation and helps plan, coordinate, and see how care is going. They can help with a one-time assessment or manage care long-term. Some health care organizations or doctor's offices offer this as part of your care.
system: How can workplace resources help with caregiving?
output: Workplace resources: Many caregivers also have a paying job. More and more workplaces are recognizing their needs. Ask your employer if your job has programs, including things like flexible working hours or telecommuting. Your company may also help you find skilled nursing help or other support.
system: What's the village movement for caregiving?
output: Village movement: This grass-roots approach builds a network of support for people who want to keep living in their own homes, or "age in place." Members pay a fee (usually a few hundred dollars a year) for services that may range from transportation to home maintenance. It means older people don't have to call on family and friends for help all the time.
system: What is skilled care to help with caregiving?
output: You may hear some in-home palliative care programs called âpre-hospice care,â but you can also have palliative care if you're in a hospital or as an outpatient (which means you're not staying in a hospital). Skilled care: Professionals -- usually nurses or physical or occupational therapists -- come to the home to provide health care. This might include giving medications, taking care of wounds, and giving shots.
system: What do the grades of PCL injuries mean?
output: Doctors classify PCL injuries in these groups: Grade I: The PCL has a partial tear. Grade II: The ligament is partially torn and is looser than in Grade I. Grade III: The ligament is completely torn and the knee becomes unstable. Grade IV: The PCL is damaged along with another ligament in the knee.
system: What kind of surgery do you need for a torn PCL?
output: Surgery for a torn PCL requires replacing it with new tissue rather than stitching together the torn ligament. The ligament may be replaced with: Tissue from a deceased donor Piece of tendon moved from somewhere else in the body, such as the back of the thigh or heel The operation is sometimes done as an "open" surgery. This requires a large incision in the knee. A less-invasive option involves a tool called an arthroscope.
system: How do you diagnose a PCL injury?
output: He or she will also ask: If your knee was bent, straight, or twisted when it was injured How your knee felt after the injury If you've had any symptoms since you were injured Physical examination. In a common test for PCL injuries, you lie on your back with your knee bent. This presses against your leg to measure the ligament's tightness. Your doctor may also ask you to walk. Imaging.
system: What are the symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
output: You may have no symptoms for a while. Over time, you may have: Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, stomach, or groin. Lymph nodes are pea-sized glands in these and other areas of your body. Shortness of breath Pain or fullness in your stomach, which may be because the disease has made your spleen bigger Fatigue Night sweats Fever and infections Loss of appetite and weight If you have one or more swollen lymph nodes, your doctor may ask: Have you had any recent infections?
system: What are considerations about treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
output: If yours is in the early stages or it's not causing any problems, you probably don't need treatment. Studies show that it doesn't help. Even so, you should keep up with all your doctor visits. Your doctor will closely check to make sure your condition hasn't changed. You may start treatment if your doctor notices a change, like the number of lymphocytes in your blood goes up quickly, there's a drop in the number of your red blood cells, or a lymph node is getting bigger.
system: What are some questions for your doctor about chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
output: What's the stage of my leukemia? Do I need treatment now? If not, how will we know when I need treatment? Will I need other tests before we decide? Should I get a second opinion? What are the side effects of treatment? How will it affect my daily life? What will we do if the leukemia returns?
system: How should you take care of yourself if you have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
output: CLL treatment can cause side effects such as nausea and fatigue in some people. If it happens to you, let your doctor know, so you can manage the problems. Ask your doctor about anti-nausea drugs. Therapeutic massage and acupuncture may also help control nausea and vomiting. Try walking, restorative yoga, breathing exercises, and meditation to curb fatigue and boost energy. On days when your energy and mood are low, set one small goal for the day. Take a walk, talk with a friend, or take a relaxing shower.
system: What causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
output: In most cases, doctors don't know what causes CLL. You're more likely to get it if: You have a parent, sibling, or child who has CLL. You're middle-aged or older. You're a white man. You have relatives who are either Eastern European or Russian Jews.
system: What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
output: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) is a cancer that affects a type of white blood cell called a "lymphocyte." If you have CLL, your body makes an abnormally high number of lymphocytes that aren't working right. More adults get CLL than any other type of leukemia. They can also learn more about the genetic changes in the cells. Do I need treatment now? If you have a very high number of CLL cells in your blood when you get diagnosed, your doctor may use this treatment to lower them quickly. CLL usually grows slowly.
system: What is the most common cause of dementia?
output: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. Between 60% to 80% of people with dementia have Alzheimer's. But there are as many as 50 other causes of dementia.
system: What are cortical dementias?
output: Cortical dementias happen because of problems in the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. They play a critical role in memory and language. People with these types of dementia usually have severe memory loss and can't remember words or understand language. Alzheimer's and Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease are two forms of cortical dementia.
system: What are subcortical dementias?
output: Between 60% to 80% of people with dementia have Alzheimer's. Cortical dementias happen because of problems in the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. People with these types of dementia usually have severe memory loss and can't remember words or understand language. Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and HIV can cause these types of dementia.
system: How do I talk to my child about bedwetting?
output: When you're ready to talk with your child about bedwetting, here are a few simple tips that can help. Letting your child know that other kids have the same problem can take the weight off his shoulders and help him feel he's not alone. Tell your child if you used to wet the bed. Tell them they're not to blame. Be encouraging. With the use of absorbent pants, medication, and the help of other parents, let your child know they can go on sleepovers or away to camp. Talk to your child about taking part in cleaning up.
system: What are things I  should avoid talking about when I speak to my child about bedwetting?
output: Don't be shy. So make the time to talk about it. Don't blame your child. Don't shame your child. Don't blame yourself. Don't lose patience.
system: What are home remedies for heat cramps?
output: Heat cramps usually go away on their own, but you can try one of these home remedies: Rest in a cool place and drink a sports drink, which has electrolytes and salt, or drink cool water. Make your own salt solution by mixing 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon table salt dissolved in a quart of water.
system: When should you call your doctor about heat cramps?
output: Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful. Consider seeking medical attention if the symptoms do not go away with rest and after restoring fluid and electrolytes. Call your doctor if these conditions develop: If you are unable to drink sufficient fluids because you have nausea or are vomiting, you may need IV rehydration with normal saline. Heat cramps may accompany heat exhaustion. If you have more severe symptoms of heat illness, including dizziness, fatigue, vomiting, headache, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, or a high temperature (greater than 104 degrees), get immediate medical care.
system: What are symptoms of heat cramps?
output: Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful.
system: How can you prevent heat cramps?
output: If you work in a hot environment, you may experience heat cramps during the first few days on the job. Once you get used to the environment, and make sure you have adequate fluid replacement, you are less likely to have problems.
system: How are heat cramps treated?
output: The doctor will check you for more severe heat illness and possibly provide you with IV fluid rehydration.
system: What are heat cramps?
output: Heat cramps can occur during exercise or work in a hot environment or begin a few hours later. Muscle spasms that are: Painful Involuntary Brief Intermittent Usually self-limited (go away on their own) Heat cramps can be quite painful.
system: What are your treatment options for a meniscus tear?
output: Treatment for a meniscus tear will depend on its size, what kind it is, and where it's located within the cartilage. Most likely, your doctor will recommend that you rest, use pain relievers, and apply ice to you knee to keep the swelling down. He may also suggest physical therapy. This will help to strengthen the muscles around your knee and keep it stable. If these treatments don't work -- or if your injury is severe -- he might recommend surgery. To be sure, your doctor will probably have an MRI done. And he might look at the tear with an arthroscope. That's a thin tool that has a camera and light at the end. It allows doctors to see inside your joints.
system: What is recovery like after surgery for meniscus tear?
output: You may have to wear a brace or cast to keep your knee stable. You'll likely also have to use crutches for at least a month to keep weight off your knee. Your doctor may recommend physical therapy as part of your recovery. It'll help increase your range of motion and help your knee get stronger. He may also share some exercises you can do at home. If you have a partial or total meniscectomy, you can expect your recovery to take about a month. If your meniscus was repaired, it may take as long as 3 months.
system: How safe is a meniscus tear repair?
output: Your doctor might choose to do any of the following: Arthroscopic repair. Complications are rare. They may include injury to skin nerves, infections, and knee stiffness. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to help stave off infection. He may also recommend compression stockings to help prevent blood clots.
system: How might your doctor treat a meniscus tear?
output: If these treatments don't work -- or if your injury is severe -- he might recommend surgery. If your doctor's exam shows your meniscus tear is mild ( Grade 1 or 2), you may not need surgery. Your doctor might choose to do any of the following: Arthroscopic repair. Your doctor will make small cuts in your knee. He'll insert an arthroscope to get a good look at the tear. Then he'll place small devices that look like darts along the tear to stitch it up. Your body will absorb these over time. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Your doctor will remove a piece of the torn meniscus so your knee can function normally. Arthroscopic total meniscectomy. During this procedure, your doctor will remove the whole meniscus.
system: How is hand-foot-and-mouth disease diagnosed?
output: Your doctor will ask about your child's symptoms and look at any sores or rashes. This is usually enough to decide if it's hand-foot-and-mouth disease with no extra tests. But he might take a throat swab or a stool or blood sample to be sure.
system: What is mad cow disease?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE), is a transmissible, slowly progressive, degenerative, and fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of adult cattle. The U. S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA) has tested hundreds of thousands of cattle for BSE.
system: Can you get mad cow disease from milk?
output: Experiments have shown that milk from mad cow-infected cows has not caused infections.
system: What is the human version of mad cow disease?
output: A human version of mad cow disease called variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (v CJD) is believed to be caused by eating beef products contaminated with central nervous system tissue, such as brain and spinal cord, from cattle infected with mad cow disease. For this reason, the USDA requires that all brain and spinal cord materials be removed from high-risk cattle -- older cattle, animals that are unable to walk, and any animal that shows any signs of a neurological problem. These cow products do not enter the U. S. food supply. The USDA believes this practice effectively safeguards U. S. public health from v CJD.
system: What causes mad cow disease?
output: Researchers believe that the infectious agent that causes mad cow disease is an abnormal version of a protein normally found on cell surfaces, called a prion. For reasons still unknown, this protein becomes altered and destroys nervous system tissue -- the brain and spinal cord.
system: When was the first case of mad cow disease?
output: Mad cow disease has been of great concern since 1986, when it was first reported among cattle in the U. K. At its peak in January 1993, almost 1,000 new cases per week were identified. Concern about this disease grew significantly in 1996 when an association between mad cow disease and v CJD in humans was discovered.
system: What are the symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), also known as the human version of mad cow disease?
output: According to the CDC, four deaths from v CJD have been identified in the U. S. However, it's believed those cases were caused by consumption of meat outside the U. S. It is important to clarify the differences between variant CJD and another form of the disease, referred to as classic or sporadic CJD. But only in advanced stages of the disease can brain abnormalities be detected by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). v CJD is fatal, usually within 13 months of the onset of symptoms.
system: What happens during a mammogram?
output: Most mammography technologists are women. A doctor specialized in interpreting imaging studies (radiologist) will interpret the X-rays. You will be asked to stand in front of an X-ray machine. The mammography technologist will place your breast between two radiographic breast supports. The supports will be pressed together, gently flattening the breast. Compression is necessary to obtain the clearest possible picture with the least amount of radiation. You may feel some discomfort or slight pain from this pressure, but it will only last for a few seconds while the X-ray is being taken. Your cooperation for these few seconds is important to get a clear picture. If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist performing the exam. To minimize discomfort during compression, you may want to consider scheduling your appointment seven to 10 days after the start of your period, when your breast are least likely to be tender. The breast will be imaged in several positions to enable the radiologist to see all breast tissue adequately. For a routine breast screening, two pictures are taken of each breast. This exam takes about 20 minutes. Many centers also do 3- D mammography. This is similar to regular mammograms but many more pictures of the breast are taken at various angles to produce a 3- D picture for the radiologist to check. After examining the digital images, the radiologist may ask the technologist to obtain additional images or a breast ultrasound for a more precise diagnosis. This is a routine measure.
system: What is a mammogram?
output: Using a digital X-ray machine made especially for breast tissue, a technician compresses the breast and takes pictures from at least two different angles, creating a set of images for each of your breasts. This set of images is called a mammogram. Breast tissue appears white and opaque and fatty tissue appears darker and translucent. In a screening mammogram, the breast is X-rayed from top to bottom and from side to side. A diagnostic mammogram focuses in on a particular lump or area of abnormal tissue.
system: Why should you get a mammogram?
output: Mammography can be your best defense against breast cancer because it can frequently detect the disease in its early stages, often before it can be felt during a breast exam. Research has clearly shown that mammography can increase breast cancer survival.
system: What happens after a mammogram?
output: A diagnostic mammogram focuses in on a particular lump or area of abnormal tissue. You may take aspirin or ibuprofen to relieve the discomfort. Generally, you will be able to resume your usual activities immediately. The results of your mammogram will be given to your doctor, who will discuss with you what the test results could mean and what further tests might be recommended. All mammography facilities are now required to send your results by mail to you within 30 days. You will be contacted within five working days if there is a problem with your mammogram. If you do not hear about your test findings within 10 working days, don't assume your results are normal -- call your doctor to make sure. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately one to two mammograms out of every 1,000 lead to a diagnosis of cancer. Approximately 10% of women will require additional mammography. Don't be alarmed if this happens to you. Only 8% to 10% of those women will need a biopsy, and 80% of those biopsies won't be cancer. Those odds may improve with more widespread use of three-dimensional mammography.
system: How should you prepare for a mammogram?
output: No dietary changes are necessary. Take your medicines as usual. Do not wear body powder, cream, deodorant, or lotion on your chest the day of the test. These substances may interfere with the X-rays. At the time of the mammogram, you will be asked to remove all clothing above the waist and you will be given a hospital gown to wear. You may want to wear a two-piece outfit the day of the test. You will be asked to remove all jewelry. If you feel that the pressure on your breast is too great, tell the technologist performing the exam.
system: How can you treat night sweats related to HIV?
output: Night sweats: Do you wake up in the middle of the night drenched in sweat? It can be a symptom of HIV itself or other infections (like TB). The sweating will stop when your doctor figures out what's causing the problem and treats it. What else can you do in the meantime?
system: How can you treat a fever related to HIV?
output: Other treatments include: Pain medicine Calamine lotion, colloidal oatmeal baths, or wet compresses to relieve itching Fever: Running a temperature usually means your body is fighting an infection. Your doctor may do some tests to figure out what's causing your fever so he or she can decide how to treat the problem. In addition to following your doctor's advice, do these things to bring down a fever: Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen Use cold compresses Nagging cough: A cough isn't always a sign of something serious.
system: What's the outlook for treatments of HIV symptoms?
output: The symptoms and illnesses described above are likely the result of advanced HIV, which means that the virus has been growing unchecked in your body for months to years. If you're not on ART or you're not taking it exactly as you're supposed to, now is the time to start taking it correctly. These medications will lower the amount of the virus in your blood so your immune system can recover. Even people with uncontrolled HIV can get the right treatment and go on to live a healthy life. Make sure to follow your doctor's advice regarding your HIV medicine and other medicines prescribed for your specific conditions. You may need to change your meds if you can't stand the side effects or if they're not controlling your disease well. But don't stop taking them before you talk to your doctor.
system: How can you treat weight loss from HIV?
output: Weight loss: Shedding pounds without trying is an obvious sign that your HIV may be going in the wrong direction. Untreated HIV itself or infections you get because of it can make you lose weight. Plus, if you're sick, you may not feel like eating. If you lose 10% or more of your body weight (like 15 pounds if you weigh 150 pounds), you could have what's called wasting syndrome. You also have diarrhea, weakness, and fever for about a month. This mostly affects people with advanced HIV. It's important to try to put weight back on. In addition to taking your HIV medications, a few things can help: Talk to a dietitian to make sure your diet is balanced and gives you the calories you need. Build up your muscle mass with workouts like weightlifting or resistance exercises, like pushups, planks, and squats. Try high-protein supplements. ( First, ask your doctor or dietitian if you need them.) Treat infections that may cause diarrhea or loss of appetite. Your doctor may prescribe medicines to help with wasting syndrome, called megestrol acetate ( Megace) and dronabinol ( Marinol).
system: What should you know about treating HIV symptoms?
output: It's possible your HIV isn't under control. That's most likely to happen if you're not on antiretroviral therapy ( ART), medicines that fight the virus. However, it can also happen if you aren't taking ART correctly, or if the drugs aren't working for you. When HIV grows uncontrollably, the amount of virus in your blood goes up and hurts your immune system. It destroys cells called CD4s. Without enough of these, your body has a hard time fighting common infections and other health problems that it could normally handle easily. Call your doctor if you get new symptoms. She can get to the bottom of what's wrong and find ways to help you feel better.
system: How can you treat painful, blistering rashes related to HIV?
output: Painful, blistering rash: It could be shingles if you've ever had chickenpox -- the same virus causes both. Usually, shingles affects people over age 60. But if you have HIV, you can get it even if you're younger. It's important to see your doctor if you think you have shingles. Antiviral medicines can help you get over it more quickly -- but you need to start taking them as soon as possible. Other treatments include: Pain medicine Calamine lotion, colloidal oatmeal baths, or wet compresses to relieve itching Fever: Running a temperature usually means your body is fighting an infection.