laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Who should get tested for hepatitis C?
output: You can be exposed to the virus from: Sharing injection drugs and needles Having sex, especially if you have an STD, an HIV infection, several partners, or have rough sex Being stuck by infected needles Birth -- a mother can pass it to a child Sharing personal care items like toothbrushes, razor blades, and nail clippers Getting a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment You can't catch hepatitis C through: Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding) Casual contact Coughing Hugging Holding hands Kissing Mosquito bites Sharing eating utensils Sharing food or drink Sneezing You could notice acute symptoms along with: Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites) or the legs (edema) Gallstones Your brain doesn't work as well (encephalopathy) Kidney failure Easy bleeding and bruising Intense itching Muscle loss Problems with memory and concentration Spider-like veins on the skin Vomiting blood due to bleeding in the lower esophagus (esophageal varices) Weight loss The CDC recommends you get tested for the disease if you: Received blood from a donor who had the disease Have ever injected or inhaled drugs Had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 Received a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 Were born between 1945 and 1965, the age group with the highest rate of infection Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Have HIV Were born to a mother with hepatitis C Have symptoms of liver disease Got a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment Are or have ever been in prison Doctors will start by checking your blood for: Anti- HCV antibodies: These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood.
system: How is hepatitis C diagnosed?
output: If your antibody test is positive, you'll get this test: HCV RNA: It measures the number of viral RNA (genetic material from the hepatitis virus) particles in your blood.
system: What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?
output: But between 2 weeks and 6 months after the virus enters your bloodstream, you could notice: Clay-colored poop Dark urine Fever Fatigue Jaundice (a condition that causes yellow eyes and skin, as well as dark urine) Joint pain Loss of appetite Nausea Stomach pain Vomiting Symptoms usually last for 2 to 12 weeks. This combination is approved to treat adults with chronic HCV, either with no cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (the stage of the disease that doesn't have symptoms), who've already had certain treatments.
system: How can you get hepatitis C?
output: The virus spreads through an infected person's blood or body fluids. You can be exposed to the virus from: Sharing injection drugs and needles Having sex, especially if you have an STD, an HIV infection, several partners, or have rough sex Being stuck by infected needles Birth -- a mother can pass it to a child Sharing personal care items like toothbrushes, razor blades, and nail clippers Getting a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment You can't catch hepatitis C through: Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding) Casual contact Coughing Hugging Holding hands Kissing Mosquito bites Sharing eating utensils Sharing food or drink Sneezing You could notice acute symptoms along with: Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites) or the legs (edema) Gallstones Your brain doesn't work as well (encephalopathy) Kidney failure Easy bleeding and bruising Intense itching Muscle loss Problems with memory and concentration Spider-like veins on the skin Vomiting blood due to bleeding in the lower esophagus (esophageal varices) Weight loss The CDC recommends you get tested for the disease if you: Received blood from a donor who had the disease Have ever injected or inhaled drugs Had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 Received a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 Were born between 1945 and 1965, the age group with the highest rate of infection Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Have HIV Were born to a mother with hepatitis C Have symptoms of liver disease Got a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment Are or have ever been in prison Doctors will start by checking your blood for: Anti- HCV antibodies: These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood.
system: How is hepatitis C treated?
output: The most common in the U. S. is type 1. But hepatitis C treatments have changed a lot in recent years. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir ( Harvoni). This once-daily pill cures the disease in most people in 8-12 weeks. Elbasvir-grazoprevir ( Zepatier). This once-daily pill has cured the disease in as many as 97% of those treated.
system: What does treatment of hepatitis C depend on?
output: There are many forms of the hepatitis C virus, or HCV. The most common in the U. S. is type 1. Your doctor will make sure you get regular screenings because there are usually no symptoms in the early stages.
system: Are there any long-term effects of hepatitis C?
output: Now you're more likely to get one of these medications: Daclastasvir ( Daklinza). The most common effects of hepatitis C drugs depend on the medicine and often include: Flu-like symptoms Fatigue Hair loss Headache Low blood counts Trouble thinking Nervousness Depression About 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure There's no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. To help avoid getting the virus: Use a latex condom every time you have sex.
system: How can you prevent hepatitis C infection?
output: The results can be: Nonreactive, or negative: That may mean you don't have hep C. If you've been exposed in the last 6 months, you'll need to be retested. They usually show up 1-2 weeks after you're infected. The most common effects of hepatitis C drugs depend on the medicine and often include: Flu-like symptoms Fatigue Hair loss Headache Low blood counts Trouble thinking Nervousness Depression About 75% to 85% of people who have it get a long-term infection called chronic hepatitis C. If the condition goes untreated, it can lead to: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver Liver cancer Liver failure There's no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. To help avoid getting the virus: Use a latex condom every time you have sex. Don't share personal items like razors. The equipment may have someone else's blood on it.
system: What does a breast surgeon do for breast cancer?
output: A doctor who specializes in the surgical removal of breast tumors and lymph nodes while saving as much of the breast as possible. These doctors may also do biopsies to diagnose or treat the cancer.
system: What does a plastic surgeon do for breast cancer?
output: A surgeon who specializes in breast reconstruction.
system: What does a pathologist for breast cancer do?
output: A doctor who checks tissue samples under a microscope. They decide whether cancer is present, its size, whether the surgery removed all the cancer, and how many lymph nodes have cancer, if any.
system: What does a surgical oncologist for breast cancer do?
output: Surgical oncologists perform biopsies and other operations such as removing a lump or a breast. These doctors have completed their general surgery training and have received additional training in surgical oncology.
system: What does a radiation oncologist for breast cancer do?
output: A doctor trained in treating cancer with radiation.
system: What other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment?
output: Radiation oncologist. A doctor trained in treating cancer with radiation. Other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment, including: Oncology nurses who have special skills and pass a certifying test Radiation technologist who helps place you in the correct treatment position and delivers the proper radiation dose to the proper site Radiation physicist who helps plan the radiation dosage and treatment field to make it as safe as possible Your primary care doctor can refer you to a specialist to treat your breast cancer.
system: Should you look for a board-certified breast cancer specialist?
output: For example, there is no board certification for breast cancer surgery. Surgeons performing breast cancer surgery should be board-certified in general surgery, which gives them the basic skills needed to perform breast surgery. If doctors practice in specialties that do not have national boards, additional training such as fellowships and years of experience are usually good measures of their qualifications.
system: What is the role of surgical oncologist in treating breast cancer?
output: A doctor who specializes in the surgical treatment of cancer. Surgical oncologists perform biopsies and other operations such as removing a lump or a breast. These doctors have completed their general surgery training and have received additional training in surgical oncology.
system: What is a radiation oncologist?
output: A doctor trained in treating cancer with radiation.
system: What breast cancer specialties don't have board certifications?
output: But some of the specialties that are important in cancer treatment don't have board certifications. Doctors who practice in these specialties are board-certified in a broader field. For example, there is no board certification for breast cancer surgery. Surgeons performing breast cancer surgery should be board-certified in general surgery, which gives them the basic skills needed to perform breast surgery.
system: What does a radiologist do if you have breast cancer?
output: A doctor who is trained in reading X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, and other forms of imaging that look into the body.
system: What is a medical oncologist?
output: A doctor who specializes in the medical treatment of cancer. Medical oncologists have a thorough knowledge of how cancers behave and grow and how to use medication to treat them. They also figure out the risk of the breast cancer coming back, as well as the need for more treatments (such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation therapy).
system: What does a radiologist do for breast cancer?
output: A doctor who is trained in reading X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, ultrasounds, and other forms of imaging that look into the body.
system: What is the role of a pathologist in treating breast cancer?
output: A doctor who checks tissue samples under a microscope. They decide whether cancer is present, its size, whether the surgery removed all the cancer, and how many lymph nodes have cancer, if any.
system: What does a breast surgeon do for someone with breast cancer?
output: A doctor who specializes in the surgical removal of breast tumors and lymph nodes while saving as much of the breast as possible. These doctors may also do biopsies to diagnose or treat the cancer.
system: What are breast cancer specialists?
output: Specialists are doctors who have trained in a specific area of medicine. After finishing the training needed for their specialty, they must pass an exam given by the specialty board. Doctors who pass the national board exams become board-certified specialists. Doctors who have not completed the specialty board exam are "board-eligible" but are not yet specialists.
system: What if a doctor's specialty doesn't offer board certification?
output: If doctors practice in specialties that do not have national boards, additional training such as fellowships and years of experience are usually good measures of their qualifications. Some specialists can subspecialize by completing more training in a particular area. They can sometimes become board-certified in the subspecialty, too.
system: How can you find a specialist to treat your breast cancer?
output: Your primary care doctor may refer you to one or more specialists. You can also get the names of specialists from a medical society, your local hospitals, and medical schools. The American Board of Medical Specialties publishes The Official ABMS Directory of Board Certified Medical Specialists. This lists a specialist's name, education, and specialty field. You can buy the directory, but it's also available at no charge through www.abms.org and at most public libraries.
system: What does a medical oncologist for breast cancer do?
output: They also figure out the risk of the breast cancer coming back, as well as the need for more treatments (such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or radiation therapy). The medical oncologist manages your overall medical care for cancer and monitors your health during your treatment. They check your progress frequently, review your lab and X-ray results, and coordinate your medical care before and after your treatment. Other health care professionals may be involved in your breast cancer treatment, including: Oncology nurses who have special skills and pass a certifying test Radiation technologist who helps place you in the correct treatment position and delivers the proper radiation dose to the proper site Radiation physicist who helps plan the radiation dosage and treatment field to make it as safe as possible Your primary care doctor can refer you to a specialist to treat your breast cancer.
system: What are some tips for choosing the right day care for my loved ones with Alzheimer's disease?
output: Local churches and senior centers may have a list of nearby programs. You can also check with assisted-living facilities and nursing homes. Find out about the center's application process, who they serve, and take a look at sample menus and activity calendars. Once you've done some basic research, there are a few things to consider: How long the program has been open Who owns or sponsors it When they're open How much does it cost?
system: What choosing a day care for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease, what things should I keep in mind when I visit?
output: Your loved one can go to day care during daytime hours and come home for the night. Find out about the center's application process, who they serve, and take a look at sample menus and activity calendars. Is there a place for people to go when they're sick? What kind of licensing or credentials do the staff have? Do volunteers help out? What is the staff-to-client ratio? ( Six clients per staff member is good). Can you look at a list of references?
system: What some of the risks of an immunotherapy clinical trial?
output: Like all medicine, immunotherapy comes with risks. A few to think about before you join a clinical trial: The treatment may not work. There may be unexpected side effects. You may need tests that could be uncomfortable or take a lot of time. Your health insurance may not cover some costs.
system: Why should I consider taking part in a clinical trial?
output: There are many reasons to consider taking part in a clinical trial: You may get it along with other treatments to boost your odds of beating cancer. It has cured some cancers. You have access to a medicine that isn't available to the public. You could help scientists learn more about cancer so they can help more people in the future.
system: What are cancer immunotherapy clinical trials?
output: Several immunotherapy drugs are approved for cancer, and hundreds more are available to those who take part in clinical trials. They happen across the United States and around the world. She can help you weigh the pros and cons and find out if there's an immunotherapy clinical trial near you. The goal is to: Find a safe dose of the drug Decide how the drug should be given (shots, pills, etc.) Scientists may test a new drug or a new use for an approved immunotherapy.
system: What inflammatory conditions can glucocorticoids treat?
output: Glucocorticoids treat many conditions that are caused by inflammation, such as: Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) Allergies Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis Crohn's disease and other types of inflammatory bowel disease Eczema and other skin conditions Multiple sclerosis Tendinitis Lupus Doctors also prescribe glucocorticoids for people who get organ transplants.
system: What are the types of glucocorticoids?
output: A glucocorticoid is a kind of steroid. The type you need depends on the specific health condition you have. Among the most common ones are: Cortisone: a shot that can ease inflammation in your joints Prednisone and dexamethasone: pills that treat allergies, arthritis, asthma, vision problems, and many other conditions Triamcinolone: a cream that treats skin conditions Budesonide: a pill for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, autoimmune diseases that affect your digestive tract How glucocorticoids affect you will depend on the specific drug or the dose you take.
system: When should you call a doctor about glucocorticoids?
output: A glucocorticoid is a kind of steroid. But using them for a long time can cause health problems, including: Osteoporosis, when bones get weaker and break easily High blood pressure Diabetes If you notice any changes in how you feel while you take these drugs, be sure to tell your doctor. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of prednisone and other glucocorticoids. These medications may be a slight risk to your baby. However, if you're taking them because you have a serious health problem or a life-threatening disease, staying on your treatment may outweigh the chance that the drugs will harm your baby.
system: How do glucocorticoids work?
output: Inflammation is your immune system's response to an injury or infection. That means your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissue as if they were viruses or bacteria. Glucocorticoids keep your body from pumping out so many of the chemicals involved in inflammation. They can also dial back your immune system's response by changing the way white blood cells work.
system: Where can you learn more about basal cell carcinoma?
output: Learn more about basal cell carcinoma, including pictures of skin tumors, on the web site of the American Cancer Society.
system: What causes basal cell carcinoma?
output: Ultraviolet ( UV) rays from the sun or from a tanning bed are the main cause of basal cell carcinoma. When UV rays hit your skin, over time, they can damage the DNA in your skin cells. The DNA holds the code for the way these cells grow. Over time, damage to the DNA can cause cancer to form. The process takes many years.
system: How can Crohn's disease affect your mood?
output: Crohn's disease, like other chronic conditions, may affect your mood. You may feel more stressed or depressed at times. You may have pain, which also affects your emotions. If your condition starts to get to you, look into seeing a counselor and joining a support group.
system: How does Crohn's disease affect your body?
output: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease. That means that your body's immune system attacks and damages your bowel or gastrointestinal system. It's a chronic, meaning long-term, condition that gets in the way of your body's ability to take in important nutrients. It can also affect the way you digest food and get rid of waste. Crohn's can involve any part of your gut. But the ileum, the last part of your small intestine, is most commonly affected.
system: How can you be affected by Crohn's disease?
output: Each person is different. Your Crohn's disease might: Affect a large part of your gastrointestinal system or only a small part Be mild, moderate, or severe Go long periods without symptoms or flare-ups Be fairly easy to control, or it may be very difficult Go into remission Depending on the way Crohn's affects you and your ability to manage it, you may have some challenges.
system: How can Crohn's disease affect you if you're female?
output: If you're female, Crohn's could affect your ability to get pregnant. If it isn't well-controlled, it may cause problems once you are pregnant. Your doctor may recommend a C-section if you have certain complications.
system: How can Crohn's disease affect your daily activities?
output: You may want to plan your activities with your Crohn's in mind. For example, know where the closest bathroom is.
system: What should you do if you have Crohn's disease?
output: He can help you understand your condition and provide answers to your questions. It's a good idea to learn all you can about it. Doctors say if these things apply to you at diagnosis, your Crohn's may be more severe if you: Are younger than 40 Have perianal or rectal disease Are taking steroids first thing Smoke Have a low education level Some general facts: A small number of people will go into a long remission right after their first diagnosis.
system: How can knowing what to expect with Crohn's disease help?
output: You've heard and read a lot about it, but you don't really know what to expect. Eye problems: Over time, the inflammation from Crohn's, or sometimes the other complications that come with it, can affect your eyes.
system: Is remission possible in Crohn's disease?
output: With Crohn's, remission is sometimes thought to take place when symptoms go away and ulcers in the colon begin to heal. You may have pain, which also affects your emotions.
system: How can Crohn's disease affect your diet?
output: But you may need to make some adjustments. For instance, if milk products or greasy foods cause diarrhea, don't eat them.
system: What are the risks of Crohn's disease?
output: He can help you understand your condition and provide answers to your questions. Your doctor may recommend a C-section if you have certain complications. Ankylosing spondylitis: This more serious type of spinal arthritis is rare among people with Crohn's, but it can happen. They can: Stop your body from absorbing calcium, which your body needs to build bone Make your body get rid of calcium when you pee Boost production of cells that break down bone Lower the number of cells that help form bones Lower your body's output of estrogen. Uric acid stones: These kidney stones form due to dehydration and a process called metabolic acidosis in which the balance of acids and bases in your blood gets thrown off. You're only likely to notice low energy and fatigue unless you develop a more serious problem. When Crohn's affects the terminal ileum (where your small intestine meets the large intestine), it can't process bile salts, which help cholesterol dissolve in bile. When that happens, the cholesterol can form into stones that block the opening between the liver and the bile duct, which sends bile down to your intestines. Hepatitis: Crohn's disease can cause chronic (long-term) liver inflammation and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
system: How severe is constipation as a side effect of opioid pain medication?
output: It can happen any time you're taking the drug. The longer you take the drug, the bigger the chance it will block you up. These messages can make your intestines squeeze on both ends of the stool so that it doesn't go anywhere. Your intestines absorb some of the water from your stool as it moves through your gut.
system: How do opioid pain medications cause constipation?
output: The longer you take the drug, the bigger the chance it will block you up. These messages can make your intestines squeeze on both ends of the stool so that it doesn't go anywhere. Your intestines absorb some of the water from your stool as it moves through your gut.
system: What are symptoms of constipation as a side effect from opioids?
output: The main symptoms of opioid constipation are: Your stools might get hard and dry. You might not get the urge to go as often as before. You may have to push really hard when you go. You might feel like you don't get everything out. Call him right away if you feel severe pain. The longer you take the drug, the bigger the chance it will block you up. When they open, stools can pass through. Your intestines absorb some of the water from your stool as it moves through your gut.