laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the ways to approach migraine treatment?
output: Migraines headaches can last from half an hour to several days. Your doctor may use certain medications to keep them from happening as often. Your doctor may also give you medicine to get rid of nausea from the headaches. Other therapies can help: Hormone therapy for women whose migraines are linked to their menstrual cycle Stress management, including exercise, relaxation, and biofeedback If you use pain medications too often to treat your headaches, you could get what are called medication overuse headaches ( MOH).
system: How is hemicrania continua diagnosed?
output: Your doctor may diagnose hemicrania continua if you have head pain continuously for at least 3 months without the pain shifting sides or ever going away. It's usually moderate but can get better or worse, at times turning into brief, piercing head pain. You may have other symptoms, too, including: Red, teary eyes A stuffy or runny nose A drooping eyelid A small pupil, the black circle in the center of your eye You can treat hemicrania continua with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) called indomethacin ( Indocin, Tivorbex).
system: What over-the-counter drugs treat migraine headaches?
output: Your doctor may also give you medicine to get rid of nausea from the headaches.
system: What should I do if over-the-counter medications don't treat my migraine?
output: Your doctor may also give you medicine to get rid of nausea from the headaches. You can usually bring them under control if you gradually cut back on your pain drugs and take preventive medicine.
system: When am I most contagious when I have the flu?
output: Some experts believe you're most likely to spread the virus in the first t 3 to 4 days. That's because the more you cough and sneeze, the more droplets you shoot into the air and onto objects around you.
system: How long is the flu contagious?
output: Typically, you're contagious from 1 day before you have any symptoms. You stay that way for 5 to 7 days after you start feeling sick. Kids and people may be able to spread the virus for even longer, until all of their symptoms fade.
system: Do flu medicines stop the flu from being contagious?
output: You can still make other people sick even if you're taking antiviral mediations that treat the flu. The CDC recommends four FDA-approved drugs to treat the flu: baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), and zanamivir ( Relenza). These drugs could shorten the time that you're sick.
system: Can valacyclovir protect your sex partner from genital herpes?
output: A recent study of people taking daily doses of valacyclovir shows the drug may help protect sex partners from being infected, although you should still use a latex condom. Half the partners of people taking daily valacyclovir became infected with the virus, and half did not. Moreover, 75% of the partners did not show any symptoms of genital herpes, even if they had acquired the virus.
system: What is intermittent treatment for genital herpes?
output: Your doctor may prescribe an antiviral drug for you to keep on hand in case you have another flare-up; this is called intermittent therapy. You can take the pills for two to five days as soon as you notice sores or when you feel an outbreak coming on. Sores will heal and disappear on their own, but taking the drugs can make the symptoms less severe and make them go away faster.
system: How do you treat genital herpes treated when you have sores?
output: If you have symptoms such as sores when you're first diagnosed with genital herpes, your doctor will usually give you a brief course (seven to 10 days) of antiviral therapy to relieve them or prevent them from getting worse. Your doctor may keep you on the drugs longer if the sores don't heal in that time.
system: When should you start suppressive therapy for genital herpes?
output: There is no set number of outbreaks per year that doctors use to decide when someone should start suppressive therapy. Rather, more important factors are how often the outbreaks happen and if they are severe enough to interfere with your life.
system: What is suppressive treatment for genital herpes?
output: Doctors call this suppressive therapy. For someone who has more than six outbreaks a year, suppressive therapy can reduce the number of outbreaks by 70% to 80%. Many people who take the antiviral drugs daily have no outbreaks at all. You may find taking the pills every day to be inconvenient, the drugs may not work for you, or you may naturally have fewer outbreaks as time goes on.
system: How do you treat genital herpes?
output: These are all taken in pill form. Severe cases may be treated with the intravenous ( IV) drug acyclovir. Side effects with these herpes drugs are considered mild, and health experts believe these drugs are safe in the long term.
system: How is molecular breast imaging (MBI) being researched for breast cancer?
output: Molecular breast imaging ( MBI) -- Doctors inject a drug that's slightly radioactive into a vein. Called a tracer, this drug attaches itself to any breast cancer cells. A special camera then sees the tracer and any cells. This test is being studied to be used with mammograms for women with dense breasts or as a way to look at breast problems like lumps.
system: How can I try new treatments for breast cancer?
output: New drugs and therapies are being tested all the time. The goal is to offer more effective, less-toxic treatment with fewer side effects. Taking part in one of these trials may allow you to try a treatment years before it reaches the market. Ask your doctor if a trial might be right for you.
system: How is positron emission mammography (PEM) being researched for breast cancer?
output: Positron emission mammography ( PEM) -- With the PEM scan, sugar is attached to a radioactive particle to look for cancer cells. The test may help find small groups of them.
system: How is electrical impedance imaging (EIT) being researched for breast cancer?
output: Electrical impedance imaging ( EIT) -- Breast cancer cells conduct electricity differently than normal cells. This test looks for that difference.
system: What Is nanotechnology and how is it being researched for breast cancer?
output: This is the science of using very tiny objects. There's a lot of research in this field in cancer detection and treatment. Using nanoparticles, chemotherapy can target the cancer cells directly, without hurting the tissue around them. That would make the drugs more effective and cause fewer harmful side effects. There are several drugs approved for use. Others are being tested. Devices that use nanotechnology can also help find cancer.
system: What are immunotherapy treatments for breast cancer?
output: The protein is found in some people who have breast cancer. The targeted drugs include: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine ( Kadcyla) Lapatinib ( Tykerb) Neratinib ( Nerlynx) Pertuzumab ( Perjeta) Trastuzumab ( Herceptin) Breast cancer can spread to the bones. That would make the drugs more effective and cause fewer harmful side effects.
system: How do I choose which type of exercise is best for me?
output: You don't need to go to a gym. You just need to be active enough that you are breathing harder and making your heart beat a little faster. That includes brisk walking, jogging, swimming, biking, lifting weights, or doing yard work. To pick an activity, two good questions to ask yourself are: What sounds like fun? Would you rather exercise in a group, or on your own?
system: What are the basic types of exercise?
output: There are three basic types of exercise: Cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise can help lower your blood pressure and make your heart stronger. Examples include walking, jogging, jumping rope, bicycling (stationary or outdoor), cross-country skiing, skating, rowing, high- or low-impact aerobics, swimming, and water aerobics. Strength training builds strong muscles that help you burn more calories throughout the day. It's also good for your joints and bones. Stretching makes you more flexible, helps you move better, and helps prevent injury.
system: How often should I exercise?
output: If you're short on time, vigorous activity, like jogging, gives you the same benefit in 20 minutes, 3 to 4 days a week. If you're not active today, gradually work up to this amount of exercise. If it takes you a few weeks to get there, that's absolutely fine.
system: How do I exercise safely?
output: Ask your doctor if there are any limits on what you can try. It's also normal to breathe harder and to sweat, and for your heart to beat faster, when you're doing aerobic exercise. But if you're feeling very short of breath, or if you feel like your heart is beating too fast or irregularly, slow down or rest. Stop exercising if you feel chest pain, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, or pressure or pain in your neck, arm, jaw, or shoulder. Call your doctor or seek emergency treatment immediately if these symptoms do not go away quickly, or if it happens again.
system: How should I plan out my workouts?
output: They'll make sure you're ready for exercise. You don't need to go to a gym. Stretching makes you more flexible, helps you move better, and helps prevent injury. A 5- to 10-minute warm-up helps your body get moving and helps prevent injury. But if you're able to sing, step it up a bit to make sure you're getting the most out of your exercise. When you're done exercising, don't stop suddenly. Just slow down for a few minutes. This is especially important for someone with high blood pressure.
system: How can exercise help your health?
output: There are three basic types of exercise: Cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise can help lower your blood pressure and make your heart stronger. It's also normal to breathe harder and to sweat, and for your heart to beat faster, when you're doing aerobic exercise.
system: What's are some ways to make an exericse habit stick?
output: They'll make sure you're ready for exercise. Schedule exercise into your daily routine. Plan when you're going to exercise and put it on your calendar. Find an exercise "buddy." This will help you stay motivated and enjoy it more.
system: What kind of fluids should a baby or toddler with a cold have?
output: Extra fluids can thin out her mucus so her nose won't be as stuffy and she'll cough up all that gunk more easily. Most drinks, like water, juice, and milk, are fine. Warm liquids like chicken soup, apple cider, or hot chocolate can soothe a sore throat. Be sure they're warm, not hot, to avoid burns. Babies under 6 months should only drink breast milk or formula, not water or juice. But you may offer more milk than usual for coughs or colds.
system: Can babies and toddlers have cold medicine?
output: Cough and cold medicines that are safe for grownups can cause serious side effects -- even life-threatening ones -- in children under age 2.
system: How can I help a baby or toddler breathe at night if they are congested?
output: Simply place a pillow or folded towel under the head of your baby's mattress to create a slight angle. This will raise her head safely and help her to breathe.
system: Do humidifiers help for babies and toddlers with colds?
output: Use a Humidifier Moisture in the air makes it easier to breathe, so run a humidifier in your child's bedroom at night. Cool-mist models are safer than those that produce steam. Follow cleaning instructions on the device to prevent mold.
system: Can saline drops be used for babies and toddlers?
output: Saline nasal drops can thin the mucus in her nose and shrink swollen airways. Use them two or three times per day; any more often could make her nose sore. Saline drops may make it easier to remove mucus from your child's nose.
system: What do I do if my baby or toddler has a fever?
output: If your baby or toddler has a fever, follow these steps: Babies under 1 month: Call your pediatrician. Babies 3 to 6 months: Give acetaminophen every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Follow dosage guidelines closely, and only use the syringe that came with the medicine, not a household spoon. Babies 6 months or older and toddlers: Give acetaminophen every 4 to 6 hours or ibuprofen every 6 to 8 hours. Don't give both drugs at the same time.
system: Does honey help colds in toddlers and babies?
output: But you may offer more milk than usual for coughs or colds. Give a Little Honey It soothes sore throats and eases coughs. It can make them very ill. Raise Baby's Head Have you ever slept with extra pillows when you had a stuffy nose to breathe more easily?
system: Can glucosamine sulfate help fight HIV?
output: Studies done in a laboratory dish hint that glucosamine sulfate may help fight HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Much more comprehensive research is needed before scientists can say whether or not this supplement could be helpful for those with the virus.
system: What should you talk to your doctor about before taking glucosamine sulfate?
output: Talk to your doctor before taking this supplement if you have diabetes or insulin resistance.
system: What medications could glucosamine sulfate interfere with?
output: There are reports that glucosamine may also reduce the effectiveness of certain drugs. So use caution when taking glucosamine if you take: acetaminophen ( Tylenol) Certain chemotherapy drugs, including doxorubicin ( Adriamycin, Rubex), etoposide ( Etopiside), and teniposide ( Vumon) Diabetes drugs, including glimepiride ( Amaryl), glyburide ( Dia Beta), insulin ( Novo Log), pioglitazone ( Actos), and rosiglitazone ( Avandia) Talk to your doctor before using this supplement if you are allergic to shellfish.
system: How can you take care of yourself when you have non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: Look for creative ways to adjust to your shifting sleep patterns. Think about what's important to you and how you can make positive changes in your life. For instance, you may need to ask your boss for flexible working hours. If you're a student, consider taking classes online or viewing lectures on video. Ask your school about getting a flexible exam schedule or taking a lighter course load. Keep in mind that Non-24 is considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Schools and employers must make reasonable accommodations for you, such as part-time or altered schedules.
system: How effective is the treatment for non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: Treatment success varies from person to person. One survey found that a combination of therapies brought "moderate" or "marked" improvement in 31% of people. If you still have some symptoms after treatment, get help from your doctor and family members about managing your lifestyle to fit your changing sleep-wake cycle. You may need advice from a mental health professional to help you work through the challenges of a shifting schedule.
system: What are symptoms of non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: Other causes include: Developmental brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder Brain damage from head injury or tumors When you have Non-24 you feel sleepy during the day and have trouble falling asleep at night. Since your sleep schedule moves around the clock, you may feel normal for days and weeks at a time. But as your bedtime pattern shifts, you'll go back to having problems in getting to sleep at night.
system: How can medications help with treating non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: This is a hormone that controls the sleep-wake cycle.
system: How can phototherapy help with treating non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: You are exposed to bright light early in the morning from a light box. Late in the day, you wear special goggles to avoid light. Doctors usually try light therapy only after your sleep hours are back to normal, and it works only in people who have vision. It helps your eyes send the right signal to your brain about light and dark.
system: What is the cure for non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: There's no cure, but treatments, including hormones, medicine, and light therapy, can help get you closer to a normal sleeping pattern.
system: What is a non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder?
output: But if you have Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder ( Non-24), you may find yourself gradually going to bed later every night and waking up later each day. Non-24 is a circadian rhythm disorder and occurs because our internal clock is not synched with light and dark cycles of the day and night. Most individuals with this disorder are totally blind. That's because your internal clock gets its cue from seeing light. But sometimes people who have normal vision also get it.
system: How can melatonin help with treating non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: Thanks to an internal body clock, most people get sleepy and wake up at roughly the same times every day. If you have vision problems, you may need to take other treatments along with it, but it's effective on its own for people who are totally blind. Your doctor may recommend a prescription drug that targets the parts of the brain that control the timing of the sleep-wake cycle.
system: What tests are done to diagnose non-24-hour-sleep-wake disorder?
output: He may suggest you keep a sleep diary for a few weeks, or even months, to help track your sleep patterns. You may also wear a sensor that tracks your movement and records your rest and activity patterns. Together, the sleep diary and test results will help your doctor diagnose Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. Do I have Non-24 or another circadian rhythm disorder?
system: What are the risks of fluoride use?
output: Fluoride is safe and effective when used as directed but can be hazardous at high doses (the "toxic" dosage level varies based on an individual's weight). For this reason, it's important for parents to carefully supervise their children's use of fluoride-containing products and to keep fluoride products out of reach of children, especially children under the age of 6. In addition, excess fluoride can cause defects in the tooth's enamel that range from barely noticeable white specks or streaks to cosmetically objectionable brown discoloration. These defects are known as fluorosis and occur when the teeth are forming -- usually in children younger than 6 years.
system: What should you know about fluoride?
output: Fluoride helps prevent tooth decay by making the tooth more resistant to acid attacks from plaque bacteria and sugars in the mouth. It also reverses early decay. In children under 6 years of age, fluoride becomes incorporated into the development of permanent teeth, making it difficult for acids to demineralize the teeth. Fluoride also helps speed remineralization as well as disrupts acid production in already erupted teeth of both children and adults.
system: What are the different forms of fluoride?
output: As mentioned, fluoride is found in foods and in water. It can also be directly applied to the teeth through fluoridated toothpastes and mouth rinses. Mouth rinses containing fluoride in lower strengths are available over-the-counter; stronger concentrations require a doctor's prescription. A dentist in his or her office can also apply fluoride to the teeth as a gel, foam, or varnish. These treatments contain a much higher level of fluoride than the amount found in toothpastes and mouth rinses. Varnishes are painted on the teeth; foams are put into a mouth guard, which is applied to the teeth for one to four minutes; gels can be painted on or applied via a mouth guard. Fluoride supplements are also available as liquids and tablets and must be prescribed by your dentist, pediatrician, or family doctor.
system: What should you keep in mind when using fluoride?
output: Keep in mind, however, that it's very difficult to reach hazardous levels given the low levels of fluoride in home-based fluoride-containing products. Nonetheless, if you do have concerns or questions about the amount of fluoride you or your child may be receiving, talk to your child's dentist, pediatrician, or family doctor.
system: Does a home water treatment system affect the level of fluoride in my drinking water?
output: The amount of fluoride you receive in your drinking water depends on the type of home water treatment system used. Steam distillation systems remove 100% of fluoride content. Reverse osmosis systems remove between 65% and 95% of the fluoride. On the other hand, water softeners and charcoal/carbon filters generally do not remove fluoride. One exception: some activated carbon filters contain activated alumina that may remove over 80% of the fluoride.
system: How can I find out how much fluoride is in my tap water?
output: To find out how much fluoride is in your tap water, ask your local dentist, contact your local or state health department, or contact your local water supplier. Information for contacting your local water supplier should be on your water bill or see the "local government" section of your phone book.
system: Am I missing out on the benefits of fluoride if I drink bottled water?
output: Even though there are no scientific studies to suggest that people who drink bottled water are at increased risk of tooth decay, the American Dental Association ( ADA) says that such people could be missing out on the decay-preventing effects of optimally fluoridated water available from their community water source.
system: Who should get additional fluoride treatment?
output: In addition, people with certain conditions may be at increased risk of tooth decay and would therefore benefit from additional fluoride treatment. Presence of crowns and/or bridges or braces: These treatments can put teeth at risk for decay at the point where the crown meets the underlying tooth structure or around the brackets of orthodontic appliances. Ask your dentist if you could benefit from additional fluoride.
system: What are useful reminders about fluoride?
output: These defects are known as fluorosis and occur when the teeth are forming -- usually in children younger than 6 years. A few useful reminders about fluoride include: Store fluoride supplements away from young children. Avoid flavored toothpastes because these tend to encourage toothpaste to be swallowed. Use only a pea-sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste on a child's toothbrush.
system: When is fluoride use most important?
output: These treatments contain a much higher level of fluoride than the amount found in toothpastes and mouth rinses. Ask your dentist if you could benefit from additional fluoride. For this reason, it's important for parents to carefully supervise their children's use of fluoride-containing products and to keep fluoride products out of reach of children, especially children under the age of 6. The ADA adds that most bottled waters do not contain optimal levels of fluoride, which is 0.7 to 1.2 parts per million (this is the amount that is in public water supplies, in the communities that have fluoridated water).
system: How can laser ablation help with treating cervical cancer?
output: In this procedure, a laser beam is applied to either specific areas of cervical tissue or a whole layer of tissue at the surface of the cervix. The laser destroys these cells, leaving healthy cells in their place.
system: What are cervical cancer exams and tests?
output: As with all cancers, an early diagnosis of cervical cancer is key to successful treatment and cure. Treating precancerous changes that affect only the surface of a small part of the cervix is much more likely to be successful than treating invasive cancer that affects a large portion of the cervix and has spread to other tissues. The most important progress that has been made in early detection of cervical cancer is widespread use of the Papanicolaou test ( Pap smear) and high-risk HPV testing. A Pap smear is done as part of a regular exam. During the procedure, cells from the surface of the cervix are collected and examined for abnormalities. Diagnosis of cervical cancer requires that a sample of cervical tissue (called a biopsy) be taken and analyzed under a microscope.