laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How is botulinum toxin A (Botox) used for medical purposes?
output: Botox (botulinum toxin)- A, has been approved in the U. S. by the FDA for treating excessive axillary (underarm) sweating. Currently, the FDA has not approved Botox for sweating of the palms and soles of the feet, though some physicians are administering it as an off-label use, reportedly with success. Microwave energy mira Dry is a treatment that was FDA approved in 2011 for the treatment of excessive underarm sweating.
system: How is surgery used to treat hyperhidrosis?
output: A procedure called thoracic sympathectomy may be considered as a last resort. The procedure uses water to conduct an electric current to the skin a few times each week, for about 10-20 minutes per session, followed by a maintenance program of treatments at 1- to 3-week intervals, depending on the patient's response. The surgeon inserts a special endoscopic instrument into the chest between two ribs just below the armpit. Sympathectomy is both effective and risky. Even with newer endoscopic techniques, the complications can include excessive sweating in other parts of the body and lung and nerve problems. As many of these complications are serious and not reversible, this option is rarely used, and then only as a last resort.
system: What are the treatments for a vaginal yeast infection?
output: These can take from 1 to 7 days. Your doctor may also prescribe a single-dose pill with fluconazole (an antifungal medicine) for you to take. If you're pregnant, it's safe to use creams or suppositories, but avoid the fluconazole you take by mouth. It's important for you to know that some yeast infection medications weaken condoms or diaphragms. That makes it easier for you to get pregnant or contract a sexually transmitted disease. Be sure to read instructions and warnings before using. If you have diabetes or a weakened immune system, you may get yeast infections over and over again. It's a condition called recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis ( RVVC). If you get yeast infections at least four times a year, your doctor may recommend that you take a weekly fluconazole pill for 6 months to fight them.
system: What causes vaginal yeast infections?
output: There are many reasons you could get a yeast infection, including: Hormones: Changes during pregnancy, breast-feeding or menopause (or if you're taking birth control pills) can change the balance in your vagina. Diabetes: If your diabetes is not well-controlled, the increase in sugar in the mucus membranes (moist linings) of your vagina can create a place for yeast to grow. Antibiotics: These drugs can kill off many of the good bacteria that live in your vagina. Douches and vaginal sprays: The use of these products can change the balance in your vagina. A weakened immune system: If you are HIV-positive or have another immune system disorder, the yeast may also grow uncontrolled. Sex: Though a yeast infection is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, it can be passed from person to person through sexual contact.
system: What are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?
output: Itchiness and discomfort are the main symptoms of a yeast infection, but there are others. You may also experience any or all of the following: Burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and the vulva (the outer part of the female genitals) Pain or burning when you pee Pain during sex A thick, white, odorless discharge, similar to cottage cheese If you think you have a yeast infection, see your doctor before treating yourself.
system: How common are vaginal yeast infections?
output: But vaginal yeast infections are very common in women. It's estimated that 75% of women will have at least one yeast infection in her lifetime. Though yeast infections can happen to anyone at any time, there are certain things that make getting them more likely. Most infections can be cleared up quickly and easily.
system: When does a vaginal yeast infection occur?
output: The vagina normally contains a healthy balance of bacteria and yeast. The hormone estrogen helps bacteria called lactobacilli to grow. These bacteria kill harmful organisms in the vagina and keep you healthy. But when something happens to tip that balance, a fungus called candida can grow out of control and cause a yeast infection.
system: Do probiotics help prevent a vaginal yeast infection?
output: Some studies have shown that eating probiotic yogurt or taking Lactobacillus acidophilussupplements may slow the growth of yeast in the vagina, lowering the risk for infections. But more research is needed before a clear connection can be made.
system: Can I treat my yeast infection myself?
output: Though yeast infections can happen to anyone at any time, there are certain things that make getting them more likely. You may also experience any or all of the following: Burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and the vulva (the outer part of the female genitals) Pain or burning when you pee Pain during sex A thick, white, odorless discharge, similar to cottage cheese If you think you have a yeast infection, see your doctor before treating yourself. The symptoms of yeast infections are similar to other, more serious conditions, including sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis (bacterial overgrowth in the vagina). An accurate diagnosis is important so you can get the best treatment.
system: What causes chronic liver failure?
output: Hemochromatosis: This inherited disorder causes your body to absorb and store too much iron.
system: What causes acute liver failure?
output: These symptoms include: Jaundice Bleeding easily Swollen belly Mental confusion (known as hepatic encephalopathy) Sleepiness The causes of acute liver failure, when the liver fails rapidly, include: Acetaminophen overdose: Large doses can damage your liver or lead to failure. Viruses including hepatitis A, B, and E, the Epstein- Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus: They lead to liver damage or cirrhosis.
system: What symptoms of liver failure require urgent care?
output: Early symptoms include: Nausea Loss of appetite Fatigue Diarrhea But as liver failure progresses, the symptoms become more serious, needing care right away. These symptoms include: Jaundice Bleeding easily Swollen belly Mental confusion (known as hepatic encephalopathy) Sleepiness The causes of acute liver failure, when the liver fails rapidly, include: Acetaminophen overdose: Large doses can damage your liver or lead to failure.
system: How does liver failure occur?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Liver failure happens when large parts of the liver become damaged beyond repair and the liver can't work anymore.
system: What is liver failure?
output: Most often, liver failure happens gradually, over many years. But a rarer condition known as acute liver failure happens rapidly (in as little as 48 hours) and can be difficult to detect at first. Supportive care.
system: How is liver failure treated?
output: Acetylcysteine can reverse acute liver failure caused by an acetaminophen overdose. If a virus causes liver failure, a hospital can treat your symptoms until the virus runs its course. In these cases, the liver will sometimes recover on its own. If your liver failure results from long-term damage, the first step may be to try to save whatever part of your liver still works. If that fails, you'll need a liver transplant. Fortunately, this procedure is often successful.
system: How can liver failure be prevented?
output: Blood clotting problems. The best way to prevent liver failure is to limit your risk of getting cirrhosis or hepatitis. Here are some tips to help prevent these conditions: Get a hepatitis vaccine or an immunoglobulin shot to prevent hepatitis A and B. Eat a proper diet from all of the food groups. Do not drink alcohol in excess. Avoid alcohol when you are taking acetaminophen. Practice proper hygiene. Since germs are commonly spread by hands, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly after you use the bathroom. Also, wash your hands before you touch any food. Don't share any personal toiletry items, including toothbrushes and razors. If you get a tattoo or a body piercing, make sure the conditions are sanitary and all equipment is aseptic (free of disease-causing germs). Be sure to use barrier protection (condoms) when having sex. If you use illegal intravenous drugs, don't share needles with anyone.
system: How can stress affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes?
output: This is your fight-or-flight response. It prompts your body to act like it's under attack. When this happens, your hormone levels go up. Your body burns its stored energy sources -- glucose and fat -- to meet the threat. When you have diabetes, insulin can't break through the cells to break down the glucose, and your levels rise. Stress can also cause blood sugar to rise indirectly. You may be less likely to take care of yourself by eating right, exercising, or taking your medicine when you're stressed out. Learn to relax. Try meditation, yoga, or massage.
system: How do brushing and flossing affect glucose and blood sugar?
output: And serious gum disease can make it harder to keep your blood sugar under control. Like all infections, it may cause your glucose to rise. That, in turn, can make other infections more likely. Make sure you not only brush and floss your teeth but also rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash daily. Keep up with your dentist visits, work on managing your blood sugar, and, if you have gum disease, treat it -- and any other infection in any part of your body -- ASAP.
system: How does smoking affect blood sugar?
output: If you light up, you raise your chances of getting diabetes. If you already have diabetes, you're more likely to have trouble finding the right dose of insulin and controlling your blood sugar. Smoking makes it harder to keep your blood sugar levels down. The lesson here: If you smoke, quit.
system: How can dietary choices keep blood sugar levels under control?
output: Watch what you eat since that's one of the most important things you can do to control your blood sugar, also called blood glucose. That's because of the impact that carbohydrates -- the sugars and starches in foods -- can have.
system: How can smoking affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes?
output: If you light up, you raise your chances of getting diabetes. If you already have diabetes, you're more likely to have trouble finding the right dose of insulin and controlling your blood sugar. Smoking makes it harder to keep your blood sugar levels down. The lesson here: If you smoke, quit. Blood sugar levels go up from time to time.
system: What medications can raise my glucose levels?
output: But if you miss a dose or take the wrong dose of your medicine, you could cause your levels to spike. Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, can have the same effect. Other meds that could raise your glucose include: Diuretics (âwater pillsâ) Drugs used to treat depression Blood pressure medicines If you're on any of these medicines and you notice your blood sugar is high, talk to your doctor. He may adjust your diet or medications.
system: What are tips to help get enough sleep if I have diabetes?
output: Remember all the things that help: Stick to a regular schedule, don't use your phone or tablet close to bedtime, and relax before you hit the hay. If you have diabetes, you're more likely to get gum disease.
system: How can exercise affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes?
output: It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. Tough activities, like bench-pressing weights, or competitive ones, like running a race, can raise your blood sugar. That doesn't mean you can't sweat it out. Exercise is one of the best things you can do for your whole body. But ask your doctor what changes you may need to make in your treatment plan to keep your blood sugar in the right range. When you have diabetes, insulin can't break through the cells to break down the glucose, and your levels rise.
system: How does getting enough sleep affect diabetes?
output: Not getting enough rest does more than make you groggy. It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. In one study, researchers asked healthy adults to sleep just 4 hours a night for 6 days. At the end of the study, their bodies' ability to break down glucose was 40% lower on average. You know that insulin can bring your blood sugar down.
system: How can medications affect blood sugar levels in people with diabetes?
output: Because you have diabetes, you know it's a must to keep your blood sugar levels under control. But if you miss a dose or take the wrong dose of your medicine, you could cause your levels to spike. Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, can have the same effect. Other meds that could raise your glucose include: Diuretics (âwater pillsâ) Drugs used to treat depression Blood pressure medicines If you're on any of these medicines and you notice your blood sugar is high, talk to your doctor. He may adjust your diet or medications.
system: Can I eat fiber-rich foods if I have diabetes?
output: Because you have diabetes, you know it's a must to keep your blood sugar levels under control. Good choices are whole grains, fruits that are lower in sugar (apples and blueberries), veggies, and legumes.
system: How does sleep affect blood sugar?
output: Not getting enough rest does more than make you groggy. It also affects how well your body can control and break down blood sugar. In one study, researchers asked healthy adults to sleep just 4 hours a night for 6 days. At the end of the study, their bodies' ability to break down glucose was 40% lower on average. Remember all the things that help: Stick to a regular schedule, don't use your phone or tablet close to bedtime, and relax before you hit the hay. You know that insulin can bring your blood sugar down. If you have diabetes, you're more likely to get gum disease.
system: Can I eat carbohydrates if I have diabetes?
output: But choices that have too many carbs can cause your blood sugar to soar -- white rice, pasta, and highly processed or fried foods are examples. Some fruits are high in sugar, such as bananas. Good choices are whole grains, fruits that are lower in sugar (apples and blueberries), veggies, and legumes.
system: How can psychologists help with therapy for schizophrenia?
output: They can prescribe medications and do “talk therapy.” Psychologists They can’t prescribe medicine in most states. Psychiatrists and psychologists often work hand-in-hand and treat many of the same conditions. Psychologists can also give someone tests to see how well they’re able to handle normal daily life. You may want to look for a psychologist who does cognitive rehabilitation, remediation, or enhancement. This type of therapy teaches them how to communicate their own needs and show that they understand the needs of others.
system: How can licensed clinical social workers and licensed professional counselors help with therapy for schizophrenia?
output: Licensed Clinical Social Workers ( LCSWs) and Licensed Professional Counselors ( LPCs) These professionals are trained to provide professional counseling for psychological, emotional, and behavioral issues. They can specialize in areas such as marital and family counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, and sex therapy. Because LCSWs and LPCs are not medical doctors, they can’t prescribe medications.
system: How can psychiatrists help with therapy for schizophrenia?
output: A number of professionals can treat mental illnesses, including the following: Psychiatrists These doctors diagnose and specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. They can prescribe medications and do “talk therapy.” Psychologists They can’t prescribe medicine in most states.
system: How can you find the right mental health professional for schizophrenia?
output: How to Find the Right Mental Health Professional To get referrals, you could ask: Your doctor Your health insurance company Trusted friends, family, or clergy You can also: Use a referral service from a national professional organization for therapists or doctors. Call a local or national medical society or mental health organization.
system: How can primary care doctors help with therapy for schizophrenia?
output: Primary Care Doctors In many cases, your regular doctor may diagnose your illness or refer you to a specialist.
system: How can holistic and alternative medicine doctors help with therapy for schizophrenia?
output: Holistic and Alternative Medicine Doctors They specialize in complementary and alternative medicines, holistic medicine, nutritional medicine, and herbal medicine treatments. These doctors may be able to prescribe medications but often choose different approaches that may combine natural medicines with mental health therapies.
system: What should you do before you schedule your first appointment with a therapist for schizophrenia?
output: A number of professionals can treat mental illnesses, including the following: Psychiatrists These doctors diagnose and specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental, emotional, or behavioral problems.
system: How can psychoanalysts help with therapy for schizophrenia?
output: Psychoanalysts These psychiatrists, psychologists, or other mental health professionals have advanced training in psychoanalysis, which is a particular form of psychotherapy. But psychoanalysis isn’t considered an appropriate treatment for schizophrenia or other forms of psychosis. So this isn’t the type of specialist that your loved one needs.
system: What are large-cell carcinomas of the lung?
output: Large cell carcinomas, sometimes referred to as undifferentiated carcinomas, are the least common type of NSCLC, accounting for 10%-15% of all lung cancers. This type of cancer has a high tendency to spread to the lymph nodes and distant sites.
system: What are adenocarcinomas of the lung?
output: They are: Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of NSCLC in the U. S. and comprise up to 40% of lung cancer cases. While adenocarcinomas are associated with smoking like other lung cancers, this type is also seen in non-smokers -- especially women -- who develop lung cancer. Most adenocarcinomas arise in the outer, or peripheral, areas of the lungs. They also have a tendency to spread to the lymph nodes and beyond.
system: What is the most common lung cancer?
output: NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. NSCLC has three main types designated by the type of cells found in the tumor. Large cell carcinomas, sometimes referred to as undifferentiated carcinomas, are the least common type of NSCLC, accounting for 10%-15% of all lung cancers.
system: What is small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)?
output: NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. They also have a tendency to spread to the lymph nodes and beyond. Other types of cancers can arise in the lung; these types are much less common than NSCLC and SCLC and together comprise only 5%-10% of lung cancers: Bronchial carcinoids account for up to 5% of lung cancers. Unrelated to cigarette smoking, carcinoid tumors can metastasize, and a small proportion of these tumors secrete hormone-like substances.
system: What are the types of lung cancer?
output: This classification is based upon the microscopic appearance of the tumor cells. These two types of cancers grow, spread, and are treated in different ways, so making a distinction between these two types is important. Other types of cancers can arise in the lung; these types are much less common than NSCLC and SCLC and together comprise only 5%-10% of lung cancers: Bronchial carcinoids account for up to 5% of lung cancers.
system: What are squamous cell carcinomas of the lung?
output: NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of all cases. Most adenocarcinomas arise in the outer, or peripheral, areas of the lungs. This type of lung cancer most often stays within the lung, spreads to lymph nodes, and grows quite large, forming a cavity.
system: Who is a candidate for islet cell transplantation?
output: Typically, candidates for islet cell transplantation are between the ages of 18 and 65, have had type 1 diabetes for more than 5 years, and are experiencing diabetes-related complications, such as frequent periods of unconsciousness due to lack of insulin and early signs of kidney problems that could lead to kidney failure. As with all medical procedures, the benefits and risks must be weighed carefully.
system: What does islet cell transplantation entail?
output: In islet cell transplantation, beta cells are removed from a donor's pancreas and transferred into a person with diabetes. Beta cells are one type of cell found in the islets of the pancreas and produce insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. Once transplanted, the donor islets begin to make and release insulin.
system: Can islet cell transplantation be done at any hospital?
output: Because it is still considered an experimental therapy, islet cell transplantation for diabetes is not widely available. There are currently 17 U. S. centers participating in islet cell research programs. The American Diabetes Association recommends that pancreas or islet cell transplantation be performed only in certain major centers, which are best equipped to handle the complex and long-term medical and personal needs of transplant patients.
system: What are the benefits of islet cell transplantation for people with diabetes?
output: Successful islet cell transplantation can provide the following benefits: Restore or improve the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. The need for frequent blood sugar measurements and daily insulin injections can be reduced, and in a minority of patients, eliminated three years after transplantation. Although being free from insulin injections may only last several months or a year, islet cell transplantation reduces episodes of low blood sugar for a longer time. Improve the quality of life. Reduce the progression of long-term complications of diabetes, including heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and nerve and eye damage.
system: What is the future of islet cell transplantation research?
output: There are two main areas of focus in islet cell transplantation research: Collecting enough islet cells to do the transplant: Obtaining enough islet cells for transplantation is a major challenge. In most cases, islet cells from several different donors are needed. Because the need surpasses the number of human donors available, researchers are studying the use of cells from other sources, including fetal tissue and animals such as pigs. Researchers are also attempting to grow human islet cells in the laboratory. Preventing rejection: Researchers are continuously seeking to develop new and better anti-rejection drugs. Many advances have been made in anti-rejection drugs over the past 15 years. Newer drugs -- such as tacrolimus ( FK506) and rapamycin -- have fewer and less harmful side effects than some older drugs like cyclosporine and prednisone. Researchers are also working to develop methods of transplanting islet cells that will reduce or eliminate the risk of rejection and the need for immunosuppression. One approach involves coating the islet cells with a special gel that prevents the immune system from recognizing and targeting the donor cells.