laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How do flu vaccines work in people with asthma?
output: A flu vaccine is the best way to prevent the flu and subsequent respiratory problems associated with it, including a worsening of asthma symptoms. They are available for those ages 18 to 64. These antibodies provide protection against infection from the flu. This antibody reaction may cause fatigue and muscle aches in some people. Each year, the flu vaccine contains several different kinds of flu viruses. The strains chosen are the ones that researchers think are most likely to show up that year. If the choice is right, the flu vaccine is about 60% effective in preventing the flu. However, the vaccine is less effective in older people and those with a weakened immune system.
system: What is knee replacement surgery?
output: It's painful to walk the dog, climb a flight of stairs, or simply get out of a chair. You've tried medicines, injections, and physical therapy. Nothing seems to work. If that's the case, it could be time to consider knee replacement surgery. Also known as arthroplasty, knee replacement surgery is one of the most common bone surgeries in the United States. It can help ease the pain caused by severe arthritis. It also may help you move more freely. U. S. doctors perform more than 600,000 knee replacement surgeries each year. During surgery, an orthopedic surgeon removes the damaged part of the knee and replaces it with an artificial joint made of metal and plastic. The artificial joint is then attached to the thigh bone, shin, and kneecap with a special material such as acrylic cement.
system: Why would I need knee replacement surgery?
output: The age-related condition is very common and occurs when cartilage -- the cushion between the knee and the bone joints -- breaks down. Deformities: People with bowed legs or âknock-kneesâ often get surgery to restore the position of the knee. Knee injuries : A broken bone or torn ligaments around the knee sometimes will result in arthritis that causes great pain and limits your movement. There are 5 main types of knee replacement surgery: Total knee replacement. Your surgeon replaces the surfaces of the thigh bone and shin bone that connects to the knee.
system: What are the types of surgery for flat feet or fallen arches?
output: Procedures may include the following: Fusing foot or ankle bones together (arthrodesis) Removing bones or bony growths -- also called spurs (excision) Cutting or changing the shape of the bone (osteotomy) Cleaning the tendons' protective coverings (synovectomy) Adding tendon from other parts of your body to tendons in your foot to help balance the "pull" of the tendons and form an arch (tendon transfer) Grafting bone to your foot to make the arch rise more naturally (lateral column lengthening) There are home remedies to prevent or manage pain from fallen arches or flat feet.
system: What are symptoms of flat feet and fallen arches?
output: Here are the most common: An abnormality that is present from birth Stretched or torn tendons Damage or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon ( PTT), which connects from your lower leg, along your ankle, to the middle of the arch Broken or dislocated bones Some health conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis Nerve problems Other factors that can increase your risk include: Obesity Diabetes Aging Pregnancy Many people have flat feet -- and notice no problems and require no treatment. But others may experience the following symptoms: Feet tire easily Painful or achy feet, especially in the areas of the arches and heels The inside bottoms of your feet become swollen Foot movement, such as standing on your toes, is difficult Back and leg pain If you notice any of these symptoms, it's time for a trip to the doctor. Your doctor examines your feet to determine two things: Whether you have flat feet The cause(s) An exam may include these steps: Checking your health history for evidence of illnesses or injuries that could be linked to flat feet or fallen arches Looking at the soles of your shoes for unusual wear patterns Observing the feet and legs as you stand and do simple movements, such as raising up on your toes Testing the strength of muscles and tendons, including other tendons in the feet and legs, such as the Achilles tendon or the posterior tibial tendon Taking X-rays or an MRI of your feet Treatment for flat feet and fallen arches depends on the severity and cause of the problem.
system: How can you test yourself for fallen arches or flat feet?
output: Follow these three steps: Get your feet wet. Stand on a flat surface where your footprint will show, such as on a concrete walkway. Step away and look at the prints. If you see complete imprints of the bottom of your feet on the surface, then you're likely to have flat feet.
system: How are flat feet and fallen arches diagnosed?
output: Your doctor examines your feet to determine two things: Whether you have flat feet The cause(s) An exam may include these steps: Checking your health history for evidence of illnesses or injuries that could be linked to flat feet or fallen arches Looking at the soles of your shoes for unusual wear patterns Observing the feet and legs as you stand and do simple movements, such as raising up on your toes Testing the strength of muscles and tendons, including other tendons in the feet and legs, such as the Achilles tendon or the posterior tibial tendon Taking X-rays or an MRI of your feet Treatment for flat feet and fallen arches depends on the severity and cause of the problem.
system: Can children have flat feet?
output: Many young children have flat feet, a condition referred to as flexible flat feet. When the child stands, the feet look flat. But when the child rises to his or her toes, a slight arch appears. In most cases, as children grow older, the arches develop.
system: What causes flat feet and fallen arches?
output: Here are the most common: An abnormality that is present from birth Stretched or torn tendons Damage or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon ( PTT), which connects from your lower leg, along your ankle, to the middle of the arch Broken or dislocated bones Some health conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis Nerve problems Other factors that can increase your risk include: Obesity Diabetes Aging Pregnancy Many people have flat feet -- and notice no problems and require no treatment.
system: What are the symptoms of a rotator cuff tear?
output: You can't always feel a torn rotator cuff. But in some cases, you might: Have trouble raising your arm Feel pain when you move your arm in certain ways or lie on it Have weakness in your shoulder Be unable to lift things like you normally do Hear clicking or popping when you move your arm See your doctor if you have any of these signs.
system: What is a rotator cuff tear?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A rotator cuff tear is a common injury, especially in sports like baseball or tennis, or in jobs like painting or cleaning windows. It usually happens over time from normal wear and tear, or if you repeat the same arm motion over and over. But it also can happen suddenly if you fall on your arm or lift something heavy. Your rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize your shoulder joint and let you lift and rotate your arms. There are two kinds of rotator cuff tears. A partial tear is when one of the muscles that form the rotator cuff is frayed or damaged. The other is a complete tear. That's one that goes all the way through the tendon or pulls the tendon off the bone.
system: What types of surgery are used for a rotator cuff tear?
output: There are three types of rotator cuff surgery: Arthroscopic: Your doctor will make a small cut in your shoulder then use an arthroscope -- a tube with a small camera and tiny instruments -- to fix the tear. This means your recovery time will likely be shorter than it would with another type of surgery. Open: Your doctor uses larger instruments to go in to the muscles of your shoulder and fix the tear. Mini- Open: This uses both arthroscopic and open methods. Your doctor starts with the arthroscope and finishes with larger instruments.
system: How is a rotator cuff tear diagnosed?
output: To find out if you have a torn rotator cuff, your doctor will start with a history of the injury and a physical examination of the shoulder. During the exam, he'll check your range of motion and muscle strength. He'll also see what movements make your shoulder hurt. In addition, your doctor may use one of the following: MRI. This uses radio waves and a powerful magnet to make detailed pictures of your shoulder. X-rays to see if the top of your arm bone (humeral head) is pushing into your rotator cuff space. Ultrasound to see the soft tissues (tendons and muscles and the bursas) in your shoulder.
system: What is the treatment for a rotator cuff tear?
output: To find out if you have a torn rotator cuff, your doctor will start with a history of the injury and a physical examination of the shoulder. Surgery may be required in some cases. You also may get exercises to do at home and suggestions that help you use your shoulder in safer, more comfortable ways in your day-to-day life. If those don't work, you may need surgery, especially if you have a complete tear. It's likely your doctor will need to stitch together the torn area or reattach the tendon to the bone. In some cases, he might need to take out small pieces of tendon or bone that are stuck in your shoulder joint or remove small areas of bone or tissue to give your tendon more room to move.
system: What is recovery like from a rotator cuff tear?
output: After surgery, you'll wear a sling for 4 to 6 weeks. Your doctor probably will tell you to do the following to speed along your recovery: Take the sling off several times a day and move your elbow, wrist, and hand to get better blood flow in those areas. If you have pain and swelling in your shoulder, use an ice pack for about 20 minutes at a time. Most important: Do not lift your arm at the shoulder until your doctor says it's OK. How your recovery goes will depend a lot on the size of the tear and how long your rotator cuff was torn. The smaller and more recent the tear, the better your chances of being pain-free and having a full range of motion. It can take up to a year for you to have full use of your shoulder again.
system: How can living in the present help you stick with exercising?
output: So what if you missed a week at the gym and polished off a pint of ice cream over the weekend? Leave the guilt in the past. You have a chance to get back into your routine today.
system: Why should you stop being your own drill sergeant and stick to your exercises?
output: Don't be your own drill sergeant. Half of all people who start a new exercise program ditch it within the first year. It often happens because they can't keep up the boot-camp pace they've forced on themselves. It's better to work within your limits, and gradually get stronger.
system: How can hanging tough help you stick with exercising?
output: No one has perfect form the first day of strength training. Every workout takes practice. You'll get the hang of it if you keep making an effort.
system: How can bringing a friend help you stick with exercising?
output: When your inner demons order you to hit the couch instead of the treadmill, a workout partner can steer you back in the right direction. It's easier to bail out on the gym than on the friend who waits for you there. Studies show you'll also work out longer when you have a pal along.
system: How can mixing up your exercises up help you stick to exercising?
output: Mix it up. Do different types of workouts to keep things interesting and to exercise different muscle groups. If the elliptical machine is usually your thing, hop on the stair climber for some cardio instead. Also, switch between machines and free weights when you strength-train. You don't have to reinvent your entire routine every week, but you do want to shift it around a little.
system: How can you keep track of your exercises?
output: Track it. Keep a fitness journal or use an app to record your progress -- for example, how much you run, walk, or lift and the calories you burn.
system: What are the best tips to motivate yourself to exercise?
output: Use these tips to stay in the game: 1. Do it for yourself. Take it easy as you get started. Every workout takes practice. You'll get the hang of it if you keep making an effort. Mix it up. Do different types of workouts to keep things interesting and to exercise different muscle groups. Don't be your own drill sergeant. It's better to work within your limits, and gradually get stronger. Health experts say you should aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise a week (30 minutes a day, five times a week, for example), plus weight training at least twice a week. Take a closer look. If you can't do 30 minutes at once, break exercise sessions up into 10- or 15-minute bursts. When it's part of your routine, you won't even have to think about it. Leave the guilt in the past. You have a chance to get back into your routine today. Keep it real. Track it. Keep a fitness journal or use an app to record your progress -- for example, how much you run, walk, or lift and the calories you burn. Even a pound of weight loss or a pound of muscle gain is reason to reward yourself. Go out with friends, or spring for a new pair of jeans.
system: How can you take baby steps to stick with exercising?
output: You would never try to run 10 miles on day one, right? When you do too much too soon, you'll end up sore, injured, and discouraged. Take it easy as you get started. Maybe you only run a quarter of a mile your first week. When that becomes easy, you can make it more challenging. Take a closer look.
system: When will I see results of Kegel exercises?
output: It takes time to build your biceps, so it takes time to strengthen pelvic floor muscles, too. Give it 3 to 6 weeks. Do them daily.
system: Can Kegel exercises help with sex?
output: When your pelvic floor muscles are in shape, they'll contract more strongly during an orgasm.
system: Are liver donations from a living donor more likely to succeed?
output: Your chances of surviving are better, partly because the donated liver comes from someone who is healthy. Your odds of success are also higher because the liver gets transplanted within minutes of being removed from the donor, rather than hours later.
system: How does exercise help ease psoriatic arthritis pain?
output: It improves your heath and keeps your joints flexible. If you don't move enough, you could get stiff joints and muscle weakness, the American College of Rheumatology says. Two good choices are riding an exercise bike or walking. Use shoe inserts to avoid too much pressure on your feet, ankles, or knees. You might also try water exercises, like swimming or walking laps in the pool. You'll get a good workout but won't stress your joints.
system: How can losing weight help psoriatic arthritis?
output: If you have Ps A and you're overweight, you're more likely to have pain, tender and swollen joints, and other symptoms than people who aren't carrying extra pounds, a recent study showed. You're also prone to other illnesses, like heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and cancer. And, it could make it hard for your doctor to figure out the right dose of medication to prescribe for your condition. Drop the weight, and you'll ease the symptoms that come with this painful condition, the National Psoriasis Foundation says.
system: What are some alternative remedies for psoriatic arthritis?
output: One herb, turmeric, has been found to reduce Ps A flare-ups. But some herb-based treatments that you buy over-the-counter can cause serious side effects if you take them with your medications. Talk to your doctor before you use them. Acupressure gives some people relief. That's where a therapist applies slight pressure on key points on your body to ease pain and stress, increase blood flow, and boost your immune system. Scientists can't prove it works for Ps A, though. Simple massage therapy might help, too. It stretches muscles and joints, and it can help you relax.
system: How does slowing down help ease psoriatic arthritis?
output: Stress can cause your Ps A to flare up. Lower your risk by doing things that relax you. Try yoga, meditation, going for a walk, or reading a good book.
system: How does diet help ease psoriatic arthritis pain?
output: But if you talk to your doctor and work together to come up with a plan, these home-grown remedies might help ease your aching joints. Avoid potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, as they can increase swelling. Eat only lean meats and poultry, and lots of fish. Choose healthy proteins, like beans and nuts. Limit alcohol. ( You should check with your doctor anyway to make sure that nightcap or occasional beer isn't affecting the medications you already take.) Say ânoâ to refined sugar and processed foods, especially those that are high in fats. Go low-fat or fat-free with dairy products. Keep track of your cholesterol and how much salt you eat.
system: How does heat and cold therapy help ease psoriatic arthritis?
output: Avoid potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, as they can increase swelling. You might need a little practice to see what feels best for you.
system: What should you check for when avoiding sugar to avoid high cholesterol?
output: And here are common added sugars to check for: Brown sugar Corn sweeteners and syrup Dextrose and fructose Fruit juice concentrates Glucose High fructose corn syrup Lactose Maltose Sucrose Foods that have one or more of those things listed high on the ingredient list may have a lot of sugar.
system: How can you lower your cholesterol?
output: Naturally cholesterol-free and low-fat, fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a good diet.
system: Which whole grains should you buy to avoid high cholesterol?
output: Whole grains: Oats, quinoa, barley, and whole wheat offer up fiber, complex carbohydrates, and protein. Look for breads, pastas, and cereals made with a variety of whole grains.
system: How can allergy shots help treat pollen allergies?
output: If you don't have any luck with medications, allergy shots may help. You'll go to the allergist every few weeks for the doctor to inject a tiny amount of what's causing your problem under your skin. After a period of months, your body should get used to the trigger and your symptoms should get better.
system: How can I keep pollens out to help prevent pollen allergies?
output: Instead of opening the windows in your car or at home, run your air conditioner with an HEPA filter to remove pollen from the air. Don't hang your laundry on a line to dry or it will pick up pollen; use the dryer. If you've spent time outside, change your clothing, shower, and wash your hair before you get into bed. If you don't, you'll transfer pollen to your pillow and blankets and breathe it in all night. If you let your pet spend time outside, don't allow it into your bedroom.
system: How do I stop pollen allergy symptoms from appearing?
output: Take medicine. When pollen counts are high, take your medication before you notice symptoms to stop them before they start.
system: What is the first thing to do when treating pollen allergies?
output: When this happens, you can have symptoms like: Itchy throat Red, itchy, watery eyes Runny or stuffy nose Sneezing Wheezing or coughing Your doctor may first want to confirm that you have an allergy. An allergist can give you a skin-prick test to see what's causing your problem.
system: How can I protect myself from pollen when I'm outside?
output: Create a pollen buffer outside. Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes and a hat to keep pollen off your hair.
system: How does checking the weather help in treating pollen allergies?
output: Pollen counts are higher when it's warm, dry, and windy and lower when it's cool, rainy, and wet. If you know it's going to be a high-pollen day, stay inside as much as you can. The yard work can wait.
system: How can over-the-counter (OTC) drugs help treat pollen allergies?
output: Some prescribed meds block chemicals other than histamine that can trigger allergies. Allergy shots. If you don't, you'll transfer pollen to your pillow and blankets and breathe it in all night.
system: What are the signs of dehydration in my baby that will indicate diarrhea?
output: Call your baby's doctor if you notice these signs of dehydration in your infant: Peeing less often (fewer wet diapers) Acting fussy or irritable Dry mouth No tears when he cries Unusual drowsiness or sluggishness Sunken soft spot on the top of the baby's head Skin that isn't as elastic as usual (doesn't spring back when you gently pinch and release it) Also, call the doctor if your baby has diarrhea and is less than 6 months old or has these symptoms: Fever of 102 degrees or higher Belly pain Blood or pus in his poop, or poop that's black, white, or red Sluggishness Vomiting Doctors usually don't recommend over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medicines for children.
system: What are my doctor's recommendations for treating my baby's diarrhea?
output: Call your baby's doctor if you notice these signs of dehydration in your infant: Peeing less often (fewer wet diapers) Acting fussy or irritable Dry mouth No tears when he cries Unusual drowsiness or sluggishness Sunken soft spot on the top of the baby's head Skin that isn't as elastic as usual (doesn't spring back when you gently pinch and release it) Also, call the doctor if your baby has diarrhea and is less than 6 months old or has these symptoms: Fever of 102 degrees or higher Belly pain Blood or pus in his poop, or poop that's black, white, or red Sluggishness Vomiting Doctors usually don't recommend over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medicines for children. But your doc might prescribe an antibiotic for a bacterial infection or an anti-parasitic drug for a parasite infection. Babies with severe diarrhea who get dehydrated will need to go to a hospital to get fluids through an IV in their veins. The doctor might recommend that you give your baby an oral rehydration solution. These products, which you can buy at the supermarket or drug store, have fluids and electrolytes and can prevent or treat dehydration. If your child eats solid foods, the doctor might recommend switching to bland, starchy foods like strained bananas, applesauce, and rice cereal until the diarrhea stops. Mothers who are breastfeeding might need to adjust their own diet to avoid any foods that could trigger diarrhea in their babies.
system: How can I tell if my baby has diarrhea from its poop?
output: The poop is normally much softer than an adult's, and it's not uncommon for it to be even softer than usual sometimes. But if it suddenly gets much looser or more watery, and happens more often and in large amounts, it may be diarrhea.
system: What are common causes of diarrhea in babies?
output: A lot of things can cause the problem, including: An infection with a virus, bacteria, or parasite. Babies can pick up these germs through contact with unclean food or water or when they touch germy surfaces and then put their hands into their mouths. A food allergy or sensitivity to medicines Drinking too much fruit juice Poisoning Diarrhea makes the body lose too much water and minerals called electrolytes.
system: How do I prevent my baby's diarrhea from infecting anyone?
output: Babies with diarrhea should avoid eating anything that can make it worse, including: â¢ Greasy foods â¢ Foods that are high in fiber â¢ Dairy products such as milk and cheese â¢ Sweets such as cake, cookies, and soda Diarrhea that's caused by a viral or bacterial infection is very contagious. Wash your hands with warm water and soap every time you change your baby's diaper to prevent the infection from spreading. Keep the diaper-changing area clean and disinfected. Keep your child home from day care until he is completely recovered.