laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What can I do to help treat dry mouth?
output: You can also try these other steps, which may help improve saliva flow: Suck on sugar-free candy or chew sugar-free gum, specifically ones with xylitol. Brush with a fluoride toothpaste, use a fluoride rinse, and visit your dentist regularly. Breathe through your nose, not your mouth, as much as possible. Use a room vaporizer to add moisture to the bedroom air. Use an over-the-counter artificial saliva substitute.
system: How can you prevent smothering or suffocation related to SIDS?
output: Firm Bed, No Soft Toys or Bedding To prevent smothering or suffocation, always lay your baby down to sleep on either a firm mattress or surface in a crib or bassinet. All your baby's crib needs is the fitted sheet -- don't put blankets, quilts, pillows, sheepskin, stuffed toys, or crib bumpers in your baby's crib. To confirm the safety of your baby's mattress or crib, contact the Consumer Product Safety Commission at 800-638-2772 or www.cpsc.gov.
system: Should you sleep in the same bed as your baby to prevent SIDS?
output: Keep Your Sleeping Baby Close, but Not in Your Bed When a baby sleeps in the same room as mom, studies show it lowers the risk of SIDS. But it's dangerous for a baby to sleep with another child or an adult in the same bed, in an armchair, and on a couch. If you bring your baby into your bed for comforting or breastfeeding, be sure to put the baby back in his own cradle, bassinet, or crib when you're ready to sleep. If you are tired, don't breastfeed while sitting in a chair or on a couch in case you fall asleep. Never bring the baby to bed with you when you're very tired or using medicines that affect your sleep.
system: How can honey affect your baby's risk for SIDS?
output: Don't Give Honey to an Infant Under 1 Year Old Because honey can lead to botulism in very young children, never give honey to a child under 1 year old. Botulism and the bacteria that cause it may be linked to SIDS.
system: Does rolling over affect your baby's risk of SIDS?
output: Once your baby can roll over both ways, which usually happens around 6 months, he may not stay on his back. That's OK. It's fine to let him choose his own sleep position once he knows how to roll over.
system: What is gluten and what foods have it?
output: When following this strict elimination diet, all foods containing gluten ( found in wheat, barley and rye) and casein ( found in milk and dairy products) are removed from the child's daily food intake. A huge number of foods contain gluten. Gluten provides structure or binding to baked products. While it's quite difficult to avoid gluten, many stores, particularly natural food stores, display foods in a gluten-free area of the store. Still, it's important to read nutrition labels to see if there are additives containing gluten. When someone is on a gluten-free diet, most bread and grain products are forbidden. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the child (or other person) receives ample fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Supplementation can help make up for the lack of these nutrients when foods containing gluten are eliminated.
system: How can you add psyllium to your diet to help prevent diverticulitis?
output: Bulk up your diet by adding an over-the-counter preparation containing psyllium, derived from the plant Plantago psyllium. You can also try ground psyllium seed: Once a day, add 1 teaspoon ground psyllium seed over any cold liquid and drink within a few minutes of preparing, before the mixture gels.
system: How long do spinal headaches resolve without treatment?
output: The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.
system: How can you get spinal headaches?
output: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. This creates a passage for the spinal fluid to leak out, which changes the fluid pressure around your brain and spinal cord. If enough of the fluid leaks out, you may get a spinal headache.
system: What causes a spinal headache?
output: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. This creates a passage for the spinal fluid to leak out, which changes the fluid pressure around your brain and spinal cord. If enough of the fluid leaks out, you may get a spinal headache.
system: How are spinal headaches treated?
output: If the headache requires treatment, it could involve: Hydration: This can help raise cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF) pressure. You might need to get fluids through your veins (the doctor will call this intravenous fluids, or IV for short). Caffeine: The doctor might tell you to drink a beverage high in caffeine. Bed rest: You may have to take it easy for 24-48 hours. Medication: If other methods don't work, your doctor could try drugs like gabapentin, hydrocortisone, or theophylline. Blood patch: If you get a spinal headache after a procedure, the anesthesiologist can create a patch with your blood to seal the leak. To put the blood patch in place, the anesthesiologist will put a needle into the same space as, or right next to, the area where the anesthetic was injected. Next, he'll take a small amount of your blood and inject it into the epidural space. The blood clots and seals the hole that caused the leak.
system: Do spinal headaches go away without treatment?
output: The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.
system: After a spinal tap, when does a spinal headache occur?
output: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery).
system: What medications may be prescribed to treat spinal headaches?
output: Medication: If other methods don't work, your doctor could try drugs like gabapentin, hydrocortisone, or theophylline.
system: What happens if a patient develops a spinal headache following a procedure?
output: Blood patch: If you get a spinal headache after a procedure, the anesthesiologist can create a patch with your blood to seal the leak. To put the blood patch in place, the anesthesiologist will put a needle into the same space as, or right next to, the area where the anesthetic was injected. Next, he'll take a small amount of your blood and inject it into the epidural space. The blood clots and seals the hole that caused the leak.
system: How often can you get spinal headaches?
output: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). Because the design of spinal needles has improved, spinal headaches after you get a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia are rare. The odds are usually low after an epidural, too, unless the needle accidentally punctures the dura mater, a tough membrane that covers your spinal cord.
system: What are the symptoms of spinal headaches?
output: A spinal headache is the name for a type of headache that follows a procedure like a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) or epidural block (such as that performed during labor and delivery). The pain from a spinal headache can: Be dull and throbbing Vary from mild to incapacitating Get worse when you sit up and better when you lie down You may also notice: Dizziness Ringing in your ears (tinnitus) Hearing loss Blurry or double vision Nausea Stiff neck Without treatment, spinal headaches may go away on their own within 2 days to a couple of weeks.
system: Are spinal headaches after a spinal tap common?
output: During a spinal tap, a needle is placed within the fluid-filled space that surrounds your spinal cord. Because the design of spinal needles has improved, spinal headaches after you get a spinal tap or spinal anesthesia are rare.
system: How are cold sores diagnosed?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } To see if you have the herpes simplex virus ( HSV), which causes cold sores, your doctor may simply examine the cold sore or may take a culture from it. The doctor may also test blood for antibodies to the virus. A positive antibody test only proves that you have the virus; it does not indicate whether or not the virus is active or when you may have acquired it.
system: How does dysgraphia change handwriting?
output: Kids with dysgraphia have unclear, irregular, or inconsistent handwriting, often with different slants, shapes, upper- and lower-case letters, and cursive and print styles. They also tend to write or copy things slowly.
system: How does dysgraphia affect the nervous system?
output: This is a nervous system problem that affects the fine motor skills needed to write. It makes it hard for a child to do handwriting tasks and assignments. Health insurers and most doctors call this condition "an impairment in written expression."
system: How is dysgraphia treated?
output: The specialist will look at his: Finished work Hand and body position Pencil grip Posture Writing process There's no cure for dysgraphia. Treatment varies from child to child and depends on whether he has any other learning disabilities or health conditions. Medication used to treat ADHD has helped with dysgraphia in some kids who have both conditions.
system: How is dysgraphia diagnosed?
output: The first step is for your child's pediatrician to rule out any other diseases or conditions that could cause writing difficulties. A licensed psychologist trained in learning disorders can diagnose dysgraphia. This could be your child's school psychologist. The specialist will give your child academic and writing tests that measure his ability to put thoughts into words and his fine motor skills. For instance, he may be asked to tap his fingers or turn his wrist a certain way.
system: What is the first step in diagnosing dysgraphia?
output: The first step is for your child's pediatrician to rule out any other diseases or conditions that could cause writing difficulties.
system: What are the warning signs of dysgraphia?
output: Parents or teachers may notice symptoms when the child first begins writing assignments in school. Other signs of dysgraphia to watch for include: Cramped grip, which may lead to a sore hand Difficulty spacing things out on paper or within margins (poor spatial planning) Frequent erasing Inconsistency in letter and word spacing Poor spelling, including unfinished words or missing words or letters Unusual wrist, body, or paper position while writing This learning disability also makes it hard to write and think at the same time. Creative writing tasks are often especially hard.
system: What are symptoms of dysgraphia?
output: Kids with dysgraphia have unclear, irregular, or inconsistent handwriting, often with different slants, shapes, upper- and lower-case letters, and cursive and print styles. They also tend to write or copy things slowly.
system: What causes dysgraphia?
output: In adults, it's sometimes related to a brain injury. In kids, this learning disorder usually occurs along with other learning disabilities such as ADHD and dyslexia.
system: Who is qualified to diagnose dysgraphia?
output: This could be your child's school psychologist.
system: How can teachers and schools help kids with dysgraphia?
output: Acknowledge the condition and talk to your child about it. Talk to your child's teacher about her condition and needs at school. Some things you might ask for include: Shorter writing assignments or different questions from her classmates Use of a computer to type instead of write Copies of the class notes to limit writing work Use of a voice-to-dictation machine or another electronic note taker An option to record the teacher's lectures Video or audio reports instead of written homework assignments Oral instead of written exams
system: What do doctors examine to diagnose dysgraphia?
output: They also tend to write or copy things slowly. The specialist will look at his: Finished work Hand and body position Pencil grip Posture Writing process There's no cure for dysgraphia.
system: How can I help my child with dysgraphia?
output: Here are some things you can try: Have your child use wide-ruled paper, graph paper, or paper with raised lines to help with letter and word alignment. Try pencil grips or other writing aids for comfort. Acknowledge the condition and talk to your child about it. Teach her ways to relieve stress before writing. For example, have her shake or rub her hands together quickly.
system: How does your doctor diagnose food allergies?
output: This is called an elimination diet. You'll cut out those foods for 2 to 4 weeks and see if you have any allergy symptoms during that time. If you don't, your doctor will ask you to start eating the foods again to see if your symptoms come back. If they do, there's a good chance you're allergic to those foods. Your doctor also might ask you to do something called an oral food challenge. This should only be done in a medical office by an allergist. Your doctor will give you very small amounts of the food you may be allergic to and watch for symptoms. If you don't have any, he'll slowly give you larger doses. If you start to have symptoms, he'll stop the test.
system: When will your doctor use blood test to diagnose allergy?
output: The most common way to test for allergies is with a skin test. Your doctor will give you very small amounts of the food you may be allergic to and watch for symptoms.
system: What is the most common way to test for allergies?
output: That's because it gives the fastest, most accurate results. The one doctors use most often is called a scratch test. A doctor or nurse will put a tiny drop of an allergen on your skin, usually on the inside of your arm or on your back. Next, she'll prick your skin or make a small scratch on the surface to let the allergen get underneath it. It usually takes about 15 minutes to find out. If they do, there's a good chance you're allergic to those foods.
system: How is stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation used to treat lung cancer?
output: Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation have been used to treat early lung cancers in persons who are not candidates for surgery. This type of therapy may be used to treat localized recurrent tumors as well.
system: How are researchers looking for better ways to treat lung cancer?
output: Researchers are constantly looking for better ways to treat lung cancer, to relieve symptoms, and to improve patients' quality of life. New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied.
system: What are considerations about screening for lung cancer?
output: Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say CT screening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer. That includes smokers and former smokers ages 55 to 74 who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Their guidelines are based on research that showed CT screening decreases the chance of death overall but increases the chance of having a false alarm that requires more testing.
system: When do you need chemotherapy for lung cancer?
output: It is now recommended that all patients with advanced lung cancer receive palliative care (care designed to only ease pain and other symptoms) while also having the cancer actively treated. This has been shown not only to provide comfort, but to improve outcome if chemotherapy is given at the same time. Recent data also suggests that chemotherapy helps prevent recurrence of lung cancer in patients with early stages of the disease.
system: When do you need surgery for lung cancer?
output: The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs. Many patients with lung cancer -- especially smokers -- have existing lung or heart problems that make surgery difficult. Cancer that has spread to lymph nodes between the lungs was once considered inoperable, but combining surgery with chemotherapy afterwards has improved survival rates. When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery. During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes. Sometimes, the entire lung must be taken out. After surgery, patients stay in the hospital for several days.
system: What tests are used to diagnose lung cancer?
output: Once a malignant tumor begins to cause symptoms, it is usually visible on an X-ray. Occasionally a tumor that has not yet begun to cause symptoms is seen on a chest X-ray taken for another purpose. A CT scan of the chest may be ordered for a more detailed look.
system: How are tests used to diagnose lung cancer?
output: Though tests of mucus or lung fluid may reveal fully developed cancer cells, diagnosis is usually confirmed through a biopsy. Using bronchoscopy, the patient lightly anesthetized, the doctor guides a thin, lighted tube through the nose or mouth and down the air passages to the site of the tumor, where a tiny tissue sample can be removed. Another procedure uses a CT scan to guide a needle into an abnormality in order to take a biopsy. If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells, using a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, which requires general anesthesia, and involves having a small cut made in the front of the neck to pass a hollow, lighted tube into the chest to take biopsies. Endobronchial ultrasound and endoscopic esophageal ultrasound are two other ways to biopsy lymph nodes to test for cancer cells. Both require light anesthesia. Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, PET, and bone scans can detect cancer that may have spread.
system: What is the cure rate for skin cancer?
output: When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery.
system: What type of surgery do doctors use to remove small skin cancer lesions?
output: During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes.
system: What is the outlook for skin cancer?
output: Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation have been used to treat early lung cancers in persons who are not candidates for surgery.
system: What type of surgery do doctors use to remove larger skin cancer tumors?
output: During the operation, the surgeon removes the tumor along with surrounding lung tissue and lymph nodes.
system: What drugs attack ALK gene rearrangement in lung cancer?
output: The drugs alectinib ( Alecensa), brigatinib ( Alunbrig), certinib ( Zykadia), crizotinib ( Xalkori), and lorlatinib ( Lorbrena) have been found to attack a certain molecule,an ALK gene rearrangement, seen in some lung cancers. Dabrafenib ( Tafinlar) and Trametinib ( Mekinist) target certain proteins in tumors that have changes in the BRAF gene. Entrectinib ( Rozlytrek) and larotrectinab ( Vitrakvi) work to target a gene called neurotrophic tyrosine kinase ( NTRK) found in some tumors. It is now common for patients to be tested to determine if these drugs can effectively fight their type of lung cancer.
system: Are skin cancer web sites that I can visit?
output: However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say CT screening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer.
system: What immunotherapy drugs have shown promise in treating lung cancer?
output: Atezolizumab ( Tecentriq), durvalumab ( Imfinzi), nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) are immunotherapy drugs which block a protein that keeps the body from fighting cancer. These drugs are given by IV infusion every 2 â 3 weeks.
system: What does home care for lung cancer entail?
output: If you've had lung surgery, a nurse or doctor can show you special exercises to improve breathing and strengthen chest muscles. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun. Avoid using skin lotions unless approved by your doctor.
system: Is surgery a common treatment for skin cancer?
output: When feasible, the preferred treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer is surgery.
system: What are the typical signs of cancerous melanomas?
output: New combinations of chemotherapy, new forms of radiation, and the use of drugs that make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation are always being studied.
system: Do skin cancer symptoms vary based on the type of skin cancer?
output: The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs.
system: What are the best ways to prevent skin cancer?
output: Both require light anesthesia. Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. These drugs are given by IV infusion every 2 â 3 weeks. You can relieve skin irritation associated with radiation therapy by wearing loose clothes and keeping your chest protected from the sun. Avoid using skin lotions unless approved by your doctor.
system: Are stereotactic radiosurgery and radiofrequency ablation used to treat lung cancer?
output: Because sputum tests and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended. This type of therapy may be used to treat localized recurrent tumors as well.
system: If a biopsy confirms the presence of a melanoma, what further tests can determine the spread of the disease?
output: If the biopsy confirms cancer, other tests will determine the type of cancer and how far it has spread. This is uncommon.
system: Are the number of skin cancer cases increasing in the United States?
output: A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. The decision to perform surgery is based not only on the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread but also on the patient's overall health, especially the function of their lungs.