laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What tests might a doctor prescribe to diagnose a spinal compression?
output: Your doctor may also prescribe tests such as: A spinal X-ray to determine whether a vertebra has collapsed A CT scan to provide detail of the fractured bone and the nerves around it An MRI scan to show greater detail of nerves and nearby discs Also, a bone biopsy may be done because a small percentage of patients have compression fractures caused by cancer.
system: What happens during and after a parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test?
output: Blood is taken from a vein in your arm. The person drawing blood may tie a rubber band around your upper arm first. This, along with making a fist, can help make the veins more visible near the surface of the skin. The needle that enters the vein is attached to a small test tube. Only a little blood is needed for a PTH test. Once enough blood has been drawn, the technician will remove the needle and put a bandage on you. The blood sample is then sent to a lab where it will be measured for PTH, calcium, and possibly hormones, minerals, or other substances.
system: Where can you find a holistic provider?
output: This may include diet, exercise, psychotherapy, relationship and spiritual counseling, and more Complementary and alternative therapies such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, homeopathy, massage therapy, naturopathy, and others Western medications and surgical procedures Holistic providers may include medical doctors, doctors of osteopathy, naturopathic doctors, chiropractors, and homeopathic doctors. To find a holistic practitioner in your area, visit the American Holistic Medical Association web site.
system: What are the principles of holistic medicine?
output: Holistic medicine is also based on the belief that unconditional love and support is the most powerful healer and a person is ultimately responsible for his or her own health and well-being. Other principles of holistic medicine include the following: All people have innate healing powers. The patient is a person, not a disease. Healing takes a team approach involving the patient and doctor, and addresses all aspects of a person's life using a variety of health care practices. Treatment involves fixing the cause of the condition, not just alleviating the symptoms.
system: What are some tips when choosing a holistic provider?
output: Here are some tips to keep in mind when choosing a holistic provider: Don't go to just anyone. As with all professionals, there are those who are good at their jobs and those who are not as good. Before choosing a holistic medicine doctor, get a recommendation from someone you trust, or contact a credible health organization and ask for a recommendation. Do your homework. When selecting a holistic doctor, find out as much as you can about that person's training, experience, specialty, and association with professional organizations and hospital affiliations. Is he or she board certified in holistic medicine by a credible medical board? Also, consider the doctor's treatment philosophy. Is it similar to your own views? How do you feel? Consider how comfortable you are with the provider. Does he or she make you feel at ease? Is the provider respectful of your concerns and beliefs? Remember, holistic medicine takes a team approach, involving you and the provider, so make sure you feel comfortable and respected and that he or she is someone with whom you would like to work. Appointment time. Choose a provider who will spend enough time with you so that he or she can gain a full understanding of your needs. Are the right questions being asked? In order to understand you as a whole person and not just a disease, be prepared to answer lots of questions, including questions about your diet, exercise, sleep habits, how you feel emotionally, your religious beliefs and practices, close relationships, and more. Treatment options. When determining a treatment approach, does the wellness plan go beyond pills? Make sure the practitioner examines all lifestyle factors, along with medical factors that could be contributing to your illness.
system: What are the types of training in holistic medicine?
output: A holistic doctor may use all forms of health care, from conventional medication to alternative therapies, to treat a patient. Holistic medicine is also based on the belief that unconditional love and support is the most powerful healer and a person is ultimately responsible for his or her own health and well-being. This may include diet, exercise, psychotherapy, relationship and spiritual counseling, and more Complementary and alternative therapies such as acupuncture, chiropractic care, homeopathy, massage therapy, naturopathy, and others Western medications and surgical procedures Holistic providers may include medical doctors, doctors of osteopathy, naturopathic doctors, chiropractors, and homeopathic doctors.
system: What tests can check for spina bifida?
output: Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Three tests can check for spina bifida and other birth defects while the baby is still in the womb: Blood test: A sample of the mother's blood is tested to see if it has a certain protein the baby makes called AFP. If the level of AFP is very high, it could mean the baby has spina bifida or another neural tube defect. Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves bounce off tissues in your body to make black-and-white pictures of the baby on a computer monitor. If your baby has spina bifida, you may see an open spine or a sac poking out of the spine. Amniocentesis: If the blood test shows a high level of AFP but the ultrasound looks normal, your doctor may recommend amniocentesis. This is when your doctor uses a needle to take a small amount of fluid from the amniotic sac around the baby. If there's a high level of AFP in that fluid, that means the skin around the baby's sac is missing and AFP has leaked into the amniotic sac.
system: What are the treatments for spina bifida?
output: Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Some people have few or no symptoms, while others have problems with their bladder and bowels. Doctors can operate on babies when they're just a few days old or even while they're still in the womb. After these surgeries, others may be needed to correct problems with feet, hips, or the spine or to replace the shunt in the brain.
system: How is spina bifida diagnosed in babies?
output: Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Three tests can check for spina bifida and other birth defects while the baby is still in the womb: Blood test: A sample of the mother's blood is tested to see if it has a certain protein the baby makes called AFP. Sometimes, spina bifida is diagnosed after a baby is born -- usually if the mother didn't get prenatal care or the ultrasound didn't show anything wrong. The doctor probably will want to get X-rays of the baby's body and do a magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan, which uses strong magnets and radio waves to get more detailed images.
system: What helps prevent spina bifida?
output: Children who have this type of surgery seem to have fewer birth defects. If you have spina bifida, or have a child with spina bifida, you should get 4,000 micrograms per day at least 1 month before you get pregnant through the first few months. Folic acid is also in dark green vegetables, egg yolks, and some fortified breads, pastas, rice, and breakfast cereals.
system: How is spina bifida in babies repaired?
output: Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Doctors can operate on babies when they're just a few days old or even while they're still in the womb. If the baby has meningocele, about 24 to 48 hours after birth, the surgeon will put the membrane around the spinal cord back in place and close the opening. Before the 26th week of pregnancy, the surgeon goes into the mother's womb and sews shut the opening over the baby's spinal cord. Children who have this type of surgery seem to have fewer birth defects. But it's risky to the mother and makes it more likely that the baby will be born too early.
system: How can your prevent spina bifida?
output: Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. Studies have shown that taking a multivitamin with folic acid can prevent spina bifida and lower your baby's odds of having this and other birth defects. Any woman who's pregnant or trying to get pregnant should get 400 micrograms a day. If you have spina bifida, or have a child with spina bifida, you should get 4,000 micrograms per day at least 1 month before you get pregnant through the first few months. Folic acid is also in dark green vegetables, egg yolks, and some fortified breads, pastas, rice, and breakfast cereals.
system: What causes spina bifida?
output: Spina bifida is a relatively common birth defect in the U. S. The words literally mean "split spine" in Latin. This can cause physical and mental issues. No one knows for sure what causes spina bifida. Scientists think it may be a combination of the environment and family history, or a lack of folic acid (a type of vitamin B) in the mother's body. But we do know that the condition is more common among white and Hispanic babies and in girls. Also, women who have diabetes that isn't managed well or who are obese may be more likely to have a child with spina bifida.
system: What are the symptoms of spina bifida occulta?
output: There are three main types of spina bifida: Spina bifida occulta ( SBO): This is the most common and mildest form of the defect. Many people don't even know they have it. Here, the spinal cord and nerves are usually fine, but there might be a small gap in the spine. With spina bifida occulta, the most obvious sign might be a tuft of hair or a birthmark at the site of the defect.
system: What are other symptoms of myelomeningocele, a type of spina bifida?
output: Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe type of spina bifida. Here, the baby's spinal canal is open in one or several places in the lower or middle back, and a sac of fluid pokes out. This sac also holds part of the spinal cord and the nerves, and those parts get damaged. Other symptoms of myelomeningocele include: Weak leg muscles (in some cases, the infant can't move them at all) Unusually shaped feet, uneven hips, or a curved spine (scoliosis) Seizures Bowel or bladder problems Children also might have trouble breathing, swallowing, or moving their upper arms. They also might be overweight. The symptoms depend a lot on where the problem is in the spine and which spinal nerves are involved.
system: What does radiation for cancer consist of?
output: This common treatment uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells to keep them from spreading. It might be your only treatment, or you might get it along with surgery or chemotherapy.
system: What is oral chemotherapy?
output: â No Needleâ) Chemotherapy With this type of treatment, you swallow a drug in liquid, tablet, or capsule form at home. It works as well as other forms of chemotherapy for some types of cancer, but not all chemo drugs can be taken by mouth. There are some that the stomach can't absorb, and others can be harmful if you swallow them. Oral drugs can cost more out-of-pocket than traditional chemo, too. Again, the side effects can vary, but they're similar to the ones you'd have with regular chemo.
system: How does oral chemotherapy treat cancer?
output: â No Needleâ) Chemotherapy With this type of treatment, you swallow a drug in liquid, tablet, or capsule form at home. It works as well as other forms of chemotherapy for some types of cancer, but not all chemo drugs can be taken by mouth. There are some that the stomach can't absorb, and others can be harmful if you swallow them. Oral drugs can cost more out-of-pocket than traditional chemo, too. Again, the side effects can vary, but they're similar to the ones you'd have with regular chemo. If your doctor recommends oral chemo, it's important to take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor right away if you can't keep your medication down because you're vomiting.
system: How does chemotherapy treat surgery and what are its side effects?
output: There are two ways to get it: â Traditionalâ Chemotherapy You get most chemo medications through an injection into a vein. But you can get some types as a shot in your muscle, under your skin, or as an ointment or cream to put on your skin. The side effects vary from person to person, even if you have the same type of cancer and get the same treatment as someone else. Some of the most common issues are: Fatigue Vomiting Nausea Diarrhea Hair loss Mouth sores Pain Chemotherapy can sometimes cause long-lasting side effects, like infertility and nerve damage.
system: What types of surgeries are used for cancer?
output: Along with a traditional operation, doctors can also fight some types of cancer with: Laser surgery (beams of light) Electrosurgery (electric currents) Cryosurgery (very cold temperatures to freeze cancer cells) You'll get medication to block pain during and after your surgery.
system: How will I know if a specific cancer treatment works?
output: With any cancer treatment, it might take a while before you know how it affects your disease. Stay in touch with your doctor and keep her in the loop about anything that doesn't feel right.
system: Where do I get chemotherapy?
output: In most cases, you'll get your chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic. You won't know how it will make you feel until you've had your first treatment. So plan to have someone to drive you home.
system: How do I receive traditional chemotherapy?
output: There are two ways to get it: â Traditionalâ Chemotherapy You get most chemo medications through an injection into a vein. But you can get some types as a shot in your muscle, under your skin, or as an ointment or cream to put on your skin.
system: What medications are used during surgery for cancer?
output: Along with a traditional operation, doctors can also fight some types of cancer with: Laser surgery (beams of light) Electrosurgery (electric currents) Cryosurgery (very cold temperatures to freeze cancer cells) You'll get medication to block pain during and after your surgery. You might also get other meds, such as antibiotics to lower the risk of infection.
system: What are some other cancer treatments?
output: Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, which gets the body's immune system to fight cancer. Hormone therapy, also called hormone treatment or hormonal therapy, which treats cancers that use hormones to grow (such as breast cancer and prostate cancer). Stem cell transplants. Doctors use chemo or radiation to destroy as many cancer cells as possible, then try to replace them with healthy stem cells from bone marrow or blood. Photodynamic therapy. Doctors inject a special drug into the bloodstream, then use a specific type of light to make it kill cancer cells. With any cancer treatment, it might take a while before you know how it affects your disease. Stay in touch with your doctor and keep her in the loop about anything that doesn't feel right. You are the most important part of your cancer care team.
system: What treatments for cancer exist other than surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation?
output: Photodynamic therapy.
system: Do I have to take oral chemo exactly as prescribed?
output: If your doctor recommends oral chemo, it's important to take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor right away if you can't keep your medication down because you're vomiting.
system: What should I know before being treated for cancer?
output: It's normal to be nervous or afraid. One way to ease some of your worries is to learn as much as you can about the treatment and what to expect afterward. It can also give you a sense of control over your disease. You and your doctor will decide what treatment is best for you based on the type of cancer you have, where it is in your body, and how far it has spread, called the stage of your disease. You won't know how it will make you feel until you've had your first treatment.
system: How does radiation treat cancer?
output: It might be your only treatment, or you might get it along with surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation itself isn't painful, but afterward you may have pain, fatigue, and skin rashes around the place you got the treatment. Side effects depend on where your cancer is. For example, if you're having head or neck radiation, you may get a dry mouth. Doctors use chemo or radiation to destroy as many cancer cells as possible, then try to replace them with healthy stem cells from bone marrow or blood.
system: What are the side effects of chemotherapy?
output: Some of the most common issues are: Fatigue Vomiting Nausea Diarrhea Hair loss Mouth sores Pain Chemotherapy can sometimes cause long-lasting side effects, like infertility and nerve damage. Talk to your cancer doctor about the risks of your treatment plan and how you can avoid them. Again, the side effects can vary, but they're similar to the ones you'd have with regular chemo.
system: What is congenital scoliosis?
output: Causes include: Cerebral palsy Muscular dystrophy Birth defects Infections Tumors Genetic conditions like Marfan syndrome and Down syndrome Congenital scoliosis begins as a baby's back develops before birth. Problems with the tiny bones in the back, called vertebrae, can cause the spine to curve. The vertebrae may be incomplete or fail to divide properly. Doctors may detect this condition when the child is born. Or, they may not find it until the teen years.
system: Can structural scoliosis be reversed?
output: In structural scoliosis, the curve of the spine is rigid and can't be reversed.
system: Can you prevent scoliosis?
output: Why does this happen?
system: When does scoliosis most often show up?
output: Scoliosis shows up most often during growth spurts, usually when kids are between 10 and 15 years old.
system: Who gets degenerative scoliosis?
output: Degenerative scoliosis affects adults. It usually develops in the lower back as the disks and joints of the spine begin to wear out as you age.
system: Should I watch what I eat if I have psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
output: So opt for lean protein, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Avoid sugars or starchy items that give you a short-term lift and then leave you drained.
system: Should I follow a treatment plan to prevent psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
output: Follow your treatment plan. Take your medications as prescribed to ease inflammation and pain. That should minimize fatigue. Set reminders on your phone so you don't forget to take them. Don't be afraid to ask your doctor if a medication could be to blame, but never adjust the dose or stop taking them on your own.
system: Should I relax before bedtime to avoid psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
output: Take a soothing, warm bath to ease your joint pain and stiffness. Listen to soft music or read a book to take your mind off your daily stress.
system: I have psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue, what should I do if my mattress or pillows aren't comfortable?
output: Use comfortable, supportive bedding. If your mattress and pillows aren't comfy, you might not be able to stay asleep. Your pain may even get worse. Think about getting pillows or buying a new mattress.
system: If I have fatigue due to psoriatic arthritis, can caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol make it harder for me to fall asleep?
output: Skip caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol before bedtime. You might think smoking a cigarette, sipping hot tea, or having a cocktail will relax you. The truth is, they'll make it harder for you to fall asleep or stay asleep.
system: What are some energy boosters that can help prevent psoriatic arthritis-related  fatigue?
output: Find ways to perk up when you feel tired during the day. Listen to upbeat music. Step outside into the sunshine. Take a short walk break at work.
system: To avoid psoriatic arthritis-related  fatigue, when should I stop eating before bedtime?
output: Stomach gas can also keep you awake. Relax before bedtime. If your mattress and pillows aren't comfy, you might not be able to stay asleep.
system: Should I stay active to avoid psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
output: A medication might help you get better rest. If you have psoriatic arthritis and need a nap to get through the day, some simple changes can boost your energy and make you feel better. Take your medications as prescribed to ease inflammation and pain.
system: What should I remove from my bedroom to prevent psoriatic arthritis-related fatigue?
output: They make your joints swell and become painful or stiff. Keep the room dark, quiet, and cool.
system: What are causes for pericardial effusion?
output: In most cases, inflammation of the sac, a condition called pericarditis, leads to the effusion. As it becomes inflamed, more fluid is produced. Viral infections are one of the main causes of the inflammation and the effusions it leads to. These infections include: Cytomegalovirus Coxsackieviruses Echoviruses HIV Other conditions that can cause these effusions include: Cancer Injury to the sac or heart from a medical procedure Heart attack Severe kidney failure, also called uremia Autoimmune disease (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and others) Bacterial infections, including tuberculosis In many cases, no cause can be found. Your doctor may call these idiopathic pericardial effusions.
system: What medical conditions can cause pericardial effusions?
output: Some medical conditions can cause pericardial effusions, like: HIV infection Lupus Tuberculosis In these cases, treating the underlying medical condition will often help treat the effusion.
system: What are symptoms of pericardial effusion?
output: When inflammation of the sac causes a pericardial effusion, the main symptom is chest pain. It may get worse when you breathe deeply and better when you lean forward. Other symptoms may include: Fever Fatigue Muscle aches Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (if you have a virus) When there's no inflammation of the sac, there are often no symptoms.
system: How is drainage done for a pericardial effusion?
output: In that case, you may be given: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Aleve, Indocin, and Motrin Corticosteroids, like prednisone and Solu- Medrol Colchicine ( Colcrys) If a severe infection or heart impairment (cardiac tamponade) exists, the extra fluid must be drained immediately. Drainage is done in two ways: Pericardiocentesis: A doctor inserts a needle through the chest into the pericardial effusion. A catheter is put into the fluid, and it's suctioned out. Pericardiectomy or pericardial window: A surgeon makes an incision in the chest, reaches in, and cuts away part of the pericardium. This drains the pericardial effusion and usually prevents it from coming back.
system: How is a pericardial effusion diagnosed?
output: If one is suspected, the best test to confirm it is an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) because your doctor would easily see any excess fluid. To find the cause of a pericardial effusion, your doctor may take a sample of the pericardial fluid. In this procedure, called pericardiocentesis, a doctor inserts a needle through your chest, into your pericardial effusion, and takes some fluid.
system: How is pericardial effusion treated?
output: Once the effusion is identified, its size and severity are figured out. Small ones that don't have symptoms and are due to known causes (for example, kidney failure) require no special treatment. For pericardial effusions due to inflammation of the sac, treating the inflammation also treats the effusion. In that case, you may be given: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like Aleve, Indocin, and Motrin Corticosteroids, like prednisone and Solu- Medrol Colchicine ( Colcrys) If a severe infection or heart impairment (cardiac tamponade) exists, the extra fluid must be drained immediately.