laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is urine?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pee is your body's liquid waste, mainly made of water, salt, and chemicals called urea and uric acid. Your kidneys make it when they filter toxins and other bad stuff from your blood. Always check with your doctor if your pee is pink or red.
system: How often should you pee?
output: This can also be a side effect of medications like the antibiotic rifampin or a drug for urinary tract infections ( UTIs) called phenazopyridine. Depending on the color, it could also be a sign that you're dehydrated or that there's a problem with your liver or bile duct. Pregnant women and older people usually have to go more often than others.
system: What does it mean if my pee smells strong?
output: Pee doesn't usually have a strong smell. But some foods -- especially asparagus, which has a smelly sulfur compound -- can change the odor. So can vitamin B-6 supplements. When you're dehydrated and your pee gets very concentrated, it can smell strongly of ammonia. If you catch a whiff of something really strong before you flush, it might also be a sign of a UTI, diabetes, a bladder infection, or metabolic diseases. Pregnant women and older people usually have to go more often than others.
system: How do you get hepatitis C?
output: Just like hepatitis B, you can get this type by sharing needles and having contact with infected blood. You can also catch it by having sex with somebody who's infected, but that's less common. If you had a blood transfusion before new screening protocols were put in place in 1992, you are at risk for hepatitis C. If not, the blood used in transfusions today is safe.
system: Can hepatitis B be treated?
output: There are several drugs that treat long-term hepatitis B, such as: Adefovir ( Hepsera) Entecavir ( Baraclude) Interferon Lamivudine () Telbivudine ( Tyzeka) Tenofovir ( Viread) For hepatitis C, some people improve if they get a combo of the drugs peginterferon alpha and ribavirin.
system: Can hepatitis A be treated?
output: If you have hepatitis A, your doctor will carefully see how well your liver is working, but there aren't any treatments to cure it.
system: What are the symptoms of hepatitis?
output: It gets checked beforehand to make sure it's free of the virus that causes hepatitis B or C. The most common symptoms for all three types are: Dark urine Stomach pain Yellowing of skin or eyes Pale or clay-colored stool Low-grade fever Loss of appetite Fatigue Feeling sick to the stomach Lack of nutrition If you have hepatitis B, you may also have achy joints. See your doctor as soon as possible if you have any of these symptoms.
system: What are the three major types of hepatitis?
output: There are three major types of hepatitis, and all of them affect your liver. This type won't lead to long-term infection and usually doesn't cause any complications. Your liver heals in about 2 months. You can prevent it with a vaccine. Hepatitis B. Most people recover from this type in 6 months. Sometimes, though, it causes a long-term infection that could lead to liver damage. Once you've got the disease, you can spread the virus even if you don't feel sick. You won't catch it if you get a vaccine. Hepatitis C. Many people with this type don't have any symptoms. About 80% of those with the disease get a long-term infection. It can sometimes lead to cirrhosis, a scarring of the liver. There's no vaccine to prevent it.
system: When should I call the doctor about multiple sclerosis (MS) or stroke?
output: Always get medical help if you have any doubts about whether it's a stroke or MS. It takes experience to learn how to tell the conditions apart. Even then, it may not be clear. Given how serious a stroke can be, you're better safe than sorry. If it is a stroke, you don't have time to wait. Quick treatment can save your life and help prevent long-term problems. If it turns out to just be an MS relapse, that's important for your doctor to know, too. It could be a sign to make some changes in how you manage your MS. MS flares may need to be treated in the hospital with IV steroids. If you have problems like diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol, your risk is higher. Your doctor can help you get those under control.
system: What is the difference between multiple sclerosis (MS) and strokes?
output: Two very different conditions, but they can look and feel alike. That's because they both harm your brain. The symptoms of MS and strokes can be close enough that even doctors don't always get it right. It's important to know the difference. While you can wait to talk to your doctor about an MS flare-up, waiting to get treatment for a stroke can be a matter of life and death. The common ground for MS and strokes is the symptoms they cause. Depending on which part of the brain they affect, both can make you: Feel confused or have changes in the way you think and focus Get dizzy and lightheaded Get a headache Feel numb or weak in your arms, face, or legs Have speech problems, like slurring Find it hard to walk Have problems seeing It may not be easy. You know your body best.
system: Can a test show the difference between multiple sclerosis (MS) and strokes?
output: If you have any doubts, call 911 right away. You may be able to use that experience as a way to tell the difference between a flare-up and the symptoms of a stroke. Even then, it may not be clear.
system: When should I see my doctor about ear pain?
output: Some causes of ear pain can be serious such as tumors or infections, including cellulitis or shingles. If your ear pain is severe, doesn't go away within a few days of home treatment, or comes with a high fever or sore throat, or you get a new rash, visit your doctor right away for treatment and to rule out something more serious.
system: What does it mean if I have an earache with a sore throat?
output: Doctors call this type of pain that starts in one area but is felt in another âreferred pain.â If your earache comes with a severe sore throat, it could be an infection like tonsillitis or pharyngitis. In fact, ear pain is often the worst symptom of one of these conditions.
system: Can the temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, cause ear pain?
output: The temporomandibular joint, or TMJ, is the âhingeâ of your jaw that sits directly below your ears. You might get TMJ pain from grinding your teeth, or it could be a symptom of arthritis. The ache in your ears or face comes after you chew, talk, or yawn. To treat it, take over-the-counter pain medicine and put warm compresses on your jaw. Try not to clench your teeth. You may benefit from using a mouth guard when you sleep. This can help ease the tension that causes ear pain. Eating soft foods will help, too.
system: Can earwax cause pain?
output: These are the most common causes: Your ear makes and gets rid of wax all the time. When the process doesn't work well, the gunk builds up and hardens so your ear canal gets blocked. Your doctor will call this impacted wax. Sometimes, it causes pain.
system: What are some serious causes of ear pain?
output: Some causes of ear pain can be serious such as tumors or infections, including cellulitis or shingles. If your ear pain is severe, doesn't go away within a few days of home treatment, or comes with a high fever or sore throat, or you get a new rash, visit your doctor right away for treatment and to rule out something more serious.
system: How can you avoid ear problems on a plane?
output: You could even lose your hearing for a while. Avoid air travel and diving when you have a cold, a sinus infection, or allergy symptoms. To avoid it, keep your ears dry during and after swimming. Try not to clench your teeth.
system: Can adults get ear infections?
output: You don't have to have an infection, or even anything wrong with your ears, to have ear pain. This is the most common cause of ear pain.
system: What are signs of worsening asthma?
output: Signs of worsening asthma include: Feeling panicky Wheezing when you breathe both in and out Inability to stop coughing Having trouble talking or walking Getting a tight neck and chest muscles Having a pale, sweaty face Follow the " Red Zone" or emergency instructions in your asthma action plan. Call 911 or get to the hospital. You need medical attention right away.
system: What is an asthma attack?
output: During an attack, the muscles in your airway tighten. Their lining gets swollen. They make more and thicker mucus. All of this makes it hard to breathe.
system: What should I do after an asthma attack?
output: They include: Coughing a lot, especially at night Trouble sleeping Losing your breath Hard to breathe after exercise Feeling cranky Lower PEF numbers, from your peak flow meter Follow the steps in your asthma action plan. You'll probably feel tired and worn out. For the next few days, you're more likely to have another flare, too. Pay attention for warning signs. Take care of yourself. Avoid your triggers.
system: What are signs of an asthma attack?
output: All of this makes it hard to breathe. You may have: Short, shallow, fast breaths A whistling sound when you breathe, especially out A cough that won't go away Squeezed feeling in your chest Use your rescue inhaler. Try to stay calm. Signs of worsening asthma include: Feeling panicky Wheezing when you breathe both in and out Inability to stop coughing Having trouble talking or walking Getting a tight neck and chest muscles Having a pale, sweaty face Follow the " Red Zone" or emergency instructions in your asthma action plan.
system: What are early warning signs of an asthma attack?
output: Just before or at the very start of an attack, you may notice changes that can tip you off. They include: Coughing a lot, especially at night Trouble sleeping Losing your breath Hard to breathe after exercise Feeling cranky Lower PEF numbers, from your peak flow meter Follow the steps in your asthma action plan. You may be able to stop the episode or keep it from getting bad. Follow your asthma action plan closely.
system: What causes xanthelasma?
output: About half the people with xanthelasma have high cholesterol. You're more likely to get these growths if you have: High LDL ("bad") cholesterol or low HDL ("good") cholesterol Inherited high cholesterol (your doctor might call this familial hypercholesterolemia) Liver disease called primary biliary cirrhosis, which can raise cholesterol levels It's most common among people whose families are from Asia or the Mediterranean.
system: What other heart diseases are linked to xanthelasma?
output: The growths may also be linked to other heart disease risks, like: Diabetes High blood pressure Obesity Smoking If you notice growths on your eyelids and want them removed, see a dermatologist or an aculoplastics surgeon.
system: What are the side effects of treatment for xanthelasma?
output: Your doctor can do that with one of these methods: Dissolve the growth with medicine Freeze it off with intense cold (he'll call this cryosurgery) Remove it with a laser Take it off with surgery Treat it with an electric needle (you might hear this called electrodesiccation) These treatments work well, but there can be side effects like: Scars Changes in skin color Turned-out eyelid The growths may come back, especially if you have inherited high cholesterol.
system: When should I go to the doctor for xanthelasma?
output: Even though it won't hurt you, xanthelasma could be a sign that you're more likely to get heart disease. They'll either stay the same size or grow over time. The growths may also be linked to other heart disease risks, like: Diabetes High blood pressure Obesity Smoking If you notice growths on your eyelids and want them removed, see a dermatologist or an aculoplastics surgeon. Also get your primary care doctor to check your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other heart risks.
system: When should you go to the doctor about xanthelasma?
output: Even though it won't hurt you, xanthelasma could be a sign that you're more likely to get heart disease. They'll either stay the same size or grow over time. Also get your primary care doctor to check your cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other heart risks.
system: Should I try psychotherapy for the emotional effects of diabetic nerve pain?
output: Also consider trying psychotherapy if you're diagnosed with depression. Talking with a therapist will let you sort out problems or events in your life that may have led to depression. This can help you solve problems, regain a sense of control over your life, and help you enjoy it again.
system: What medications should I take to treat the emotional effects of diabetic nerve pain?
output: Your doctor may prescribe medications that treat depression. These drugs can pull double duty, easing the physical pain and its emotional effects.
system: Can I smoke if I have diabetes and nerve pain?
output: Research shows that smokers are at higher risk for pain in general. Also, smoking worsens peripheral neuropathy.
system: Can I drink alcohol if I have diabetic nerve pain?
output: Pain often disrupts sleep. So does alcohol.
system: Should I join a support group for the emotional effects of diabetic nerve pain?
output: The American Pain Society and the National Pain Foundation both offer local support groups in many areas. You can meet people facing the same challenges as you. Plus, you can learn what pain-relieving tricks work for them. For example, some people say wearing socks to bed can help. You can also ask them if they've taken medications that have helped.
system: How can I handle my emotions related to diabetes and nerve pain?
output: Try deep breathing and other relaxation techniques like meditation. Set reachable goals. Don't try to overdo things on good days. Learn to pace yourself. Don't put yourself down. If you do, just notice that you're being harsh, and think of something positive about yourself instead. Join a chronic pain support group.
system: Is it normal to have emotional reactions to diabetic nerve pain?
output: When you live with nerve pain from peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes, it's normal to feel down sometimes. Your doctor may prescribe medications that treat depression.
system: How should I involve my partner with the emotional effects of diabetic nerve pain?
output: Also consider trying psychotherapy if you're diagnosed with depression. Also discuss what's good, and be frank about what you need. Make time to be by yourselves, too. Take a bath together, go for a walk, or just hold each other in bed. If you're having sexual problems, consider seeing a counselor or sex therapist.
system: Will hearing improve after a child receives ear tubes?
output: If your child has hearing loss from fluid build-up, it goes away as soon as the tubes are in. For delays in development, you'll likely see improvement in the weeks and months ahead.
system: Why do kids get so many ear infections?
output: They happen when viruses or bacteria collect in the middle ear, the space right behind the eardrum. Children get more ear infections than adults because their bodies are still developing. In kids, the parts of the ear that drain fluid, the Eustachian tubes, are smaller and almost level to the ground. That means they don't drain as well even when a young one is healthy. When the Eustachian tubes swell or fill with mucus, perhaps during a cold, it's even worse. It creates just the right conditions for bacteria to thrive, which can lead to infection. And for some kids, it just happens more often.
system: When should ear tubes be considered for a child's ear infections?
output: Your doctor might suggest tubes if your child gets a lot of them, meaning: Three or more in six months Four or more in a year Your doctor may also talk to you about tubes if your child has a long-term problem and antibiotics haven't helped. The other main reason is if your child has fluid build-up that causes hearing loss, even if there's no infection.
system: How are ear infections in children treated?
output: It also explains the following signs and symptoms: Fluid coming from the ear Hard time sleeping More fussiness or crying than normal, especially when lying down Seeming clumsy or having trouble with balance Tugging at an ear Your doctor might take a wait-and-see approach. Often, a typical infection goes away on its own, especially if it's from a virus. Sometimes your child needs antibiotics to kill infections caused by bacteria.
system: When is treatment needed for ear infections?
output: It also explains the following signs and symptoms: Fluid coming from the ear Hard time sleeping More fussiness or crying than normal, especially when lying down Seeming clumsy or having trouble with balance Tugging at an ear Your doctor might take a wait-and-see approach. Often, a typical infection goes away on its own, especially if it's from a virus. Sometimes your child needs antibiotics to kill infections caused by bacteria. But some kids just get a lot of ear infections and sometimes they don't clear up very easily. Usually, it doesn't cause long-term problems, but frequent ones can lead to: Delays in learning speech and developing social skills Hearing loss Infection that spreads to other parts of the head Tears, or holes, in the eardrum It depends on your child's history with infections.
system: What are ear tubes for ear infections?
output: Ear tubes are like a section of a really tiny drinking straw. They're round, hollow, and usually made of metal or plastic. Your doctor makes a small opening in the eardrum and puts in the tube to let air into the middle ear.
system: Can ear infections cause long-term problems?
output: Usually, it doesn't cause long-term problems, but frequent ones can lead to: Delays in learning speech and developing social skills Hearing loss Infection that spreads to other parts of the head Tears, or holes, in the eardrum It depends on your child's history with infections.
system: How do ear tubes help for ear infections?
output: They help air flow into the ear, which keeps pressure even and helps the ear drain better. With better airflow, fluid won't build up and bacteria won't have such a friendly home. If your child has hearing loss from fluid build-up, it goes away as soon as the tubes are in. For delays in development, you'll likely see improvement in the weeks and months ahead. Some ear tubes are for the short-term.
system: Why are ear tubes used to treat ear infections?
output: Usually, it doesn't cause long-term problems, but frequent ones can lead to: Delays in learning speech and developing social skills Hearing loss Infection that spreads to other parts of the head Tears, or holes, in the eardrum It depends on your child's history with infections. Your doctor might suggest tubes if your child gets a lot of them, meaning: Three or more in six months Four or more in a year Your doctor may also talk to you about tubes if your child has a long-term problem and antibiotics haven't helped. The other main reason is if your child has fluid build-up that causes hearing loss, even if there's no infection.
system: Why would my child's doctor suggest ear tubes?
output: If other treatments aren't working, they can provide relief for your child. They also prevent long-term hearing problems. In kids, the parts of the ear that drain fluid, the Eustachian tubes, are smaller and almost level to the ground. Your doctor might suggest tubes if your child gets a lot of them, meaning: Three or more in six months Four or more in a year Your doctor may also talk to you about tubes if your child has a long-term problem and antibiotics haven't helped.
system: How do ear tubes for ear infections help?
output: They help air flow into the ear, which keeps pressure even and helps the ear drain better. With better airflow, fluid won't build up and bacteria won't have such a friendly home. Some ear tubes are for the short-term.
system: How long do ear tubes stay in?
output: The tubes act as small windows for the ear. They go in for 6 to 18 months and usually fall out on their own. Others are designed to stay in for longer. They may fall out on their own or might need to be taken out by a doctor. Once the tubes are out, the opening in the eardrum usually closes on its own.
system: Why does my child have so many ear infections?
output: Children get more ear infections than adults because their bodies are still developing. Your doctor makes a small opening in the eardrum and puts in the tube to let air into the middle ear.
system: How long do ear tubes stay in for ear infections?
output: The tubes act as small windows for the ear. They go in for 6 to 18 months and usually fall out on their own. Others are designed to stay in for longer. They may fall out on their own or might need to be taken out by a doctor. Once the tubes are out, the opening in the eardrum usually closes on its own.
system: Why does my child need tubes for ear infections?
output: But if they occur over and over or your child has hearing loss because of fluid build-up, your doctor might suggest ear tubes. If other treatments aren't working, they can provide relief for your child. They also prevent long-term hearing problems. In kids, the parts of the ear that drain fluid, the Eustachian tubes, are smaller and almost level to the ground.
system: How can I manage pinkeye that is tied with allergies?
output: If your pinkeye is tied to allergies, avoid your triggers. Don't rub your eyes. This makes it worse. Splash your face and eyes with cold water. Use aqueous-based âartificial tearsâ .
system: What are the side effects of oral medications used to treat scalp psoriasis?
output: Oral medications include: Corticosteroids Cyclosporine ( Sandimmune) Methotrexate ( Rheumatrex) A strong form of vitamin A called a derivative ( Soriatane) Since these medications can cause serious side effects, including liver damage, they require a doctor's close eye. It's also important to know that oral vitamin derivatives are different from -- and more powerful than -- vitamin supplements bought over the counter. Ordinary vitamin A and D supplements do not help.
system: How can I live with scalp psoriasis?
output: According to the American Academy of Dermatology, seven biologics may work: adalimumab ( Humira) etanercept ( Enbrel) guselkumab ( Tremfya) infliximab ( Remicade) ixekizumab ( Talz) secukinumab ( Cosentyx) ustekinumab ( Stelara) There is no cure, but many treatments can help symptoms, control flare-ups, and prevent it from coming back. People who follow their treatment plan rarely have to endure severe scalp psoriasis for long. Psoriasis support groups can also offer valuable tips to help medical treatments work better and ease the stress and sadness that this common condition can cause.
system: Does scalp psoriasis cause hair loss?
output: Symptoms of moderate to severe scalp psoriasis include: Scaly, red, bumpy patches Silvery-white scales Dandruff-like flaking Dry scalp Itching Burning or soreness Hair loss Scalp psoriasis itself doesn't cause hair loss, but scratching a lot or very hard, picking at the scaly spots, harsh treatments, and the stress that goes along with the condition can lead to temporary hair loss. Fortunately, your hair usually grows back after your skin clears.
system: How many people are affected by scalp psoriasis?
output: About half of the estimated 7.5 million Americans with psoriasis - which can affect any skin surface - have it on their scalp. Sometimes the scalp is the only place they have it, but that's uncommon.
system: How is mild scalp psoriasis treated?
output: If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor or dermatologist.
system: Is scalp psoriasis common?
output: About half of the estimated 7.5 million Americans with psoriasis - which can affect any skin surface - have it on their scalp. Sometimes the scalp is the only place they have it, but that's uncommon.