laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What can may irritable bowel syndrome worse?
output: People with IBS have symptoms that can include: Diarrhea (often described as violent episodes of diarrhea) Constipation Constipation alternating with diarrhea Belly pains or cramps, usually in the lower half of the belly, that get worse after meals and feel better after a bowel movement A lot of gas or bloating Harder or looser stools than normal (pellets or flat ribbon stools) A belly that sticks out Stress can make symptoms worse.
system: How is irritable bowel syndrome treated?
output: Your doctor will see if your symptoms match with the definition of IBS, and he may run tests to rule out conditions such as: Food allergies or intolerances, such as lactose intolerance and poor dietary habits Medications such as high blood pressure drugs, iron, and certain antacids Infection Enzyme deficiencies where the pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to properly digest or break down food Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Your doctor may do some of the following tests to decide if you have IBS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blockage or inflammation in your intestines Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion X-rays Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroid problems, and signs of infection Stool tests for blood or infections Tests for lactose intolerance, gluten allergy, or celiac disease Tests to look for problems with your bowel muscles Nearly all people with IBS can get help, but no single treatment works for everyone. You and your doctor will need to work together to find the right treatment plan to manage your symptoms.
system: What triggers irritable bowel syndrome?
output: Many things can trigger IBS symptoms, including certain foods, medicines, the presence of gas or stool, and emotional stress. You'll need to learn what your triggers are. You may need to make some lifestyle changes and take medication.
system: What causes irritable bowel syndrome?
output: While there are several things known to trigger IBS symptoms, experts don't know what causes the condition. Studies suggest that the colon gets hypersensitive, overreacting to mild stimulation. Instead of slow, rhythmic muscle movements, the bowel muscles spasm. That can cause diarrhea or constipation. Some think that IBS happens when the muscles in the bowels don't squeeze normally, which affects the movement of stool. But studies don't seem to back this up. Another theory suggests it may involve chemicals made by the body, such as serotonin and gastrin, that control nerve signals between the brain and digestive tract. Other researchers are studying to see if certain bacteria in the bowels can lead to the condition Because IBS happens in women much more often than in men, some believe hormones may play a role. So far, studies haven't borne this out.
system: What are the types of irritable bowel syndrome?
output: There are four types of the condition. There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Some people have an alternating pattern of constipation and diarrhea. This is called mixed IBS ( IBS- M). Other people don't fit into these categories easily, called unsubtyped IBS, or IBS- U.
system: What kinds of tests do doctors use to rule out conditions when testing for irritable bowel syndrome?
output: There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Your doctor will see if your symptoms match with the definition of IBS, and he may run tests to rule out conditions such as: Food allergies or intolerances, such as lactose intolerance and poor dietary habits Medications such as high blood pressure drugs, iron, and certain antacids Infection Enzyme deficiencies where the pancreas isn't releasing enough enzymes to properly digest or break down food Inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease Your doctor may do some of the following tests to decide if you have IBS: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of blockage or inflammation in your intestines Upper endoscopy if you have heartburn or indigestion X-rays Blood tests to look for anemia (too few red blood cells), thyroid problems, and signs of infection Stool tests for blood or infections Tests for lactose intolerance, gluten allergy, or celiac disease Tests to look for problems with your bowel muscles Nearly all people with IBS can get help, but no single treatment works for everyone.
system: What diet and lifestyle changes can help treat irritable bowel syndrome?
output: There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D). Here are some tips to help reduce symptoms: Avoid caffeine (in coffee, teas, and sodas). Add more fiber to your diet with foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Drink at least three to four glasses of water per day. Don't smoke. Learn to relax, either by getting more exercise or by reducing stress in your life. Limit how much milk or cheese you eat. Eat smaller meals more often instead of big meals. Keep a record of the foods you eat so you can figure out which foods bring on bouts of IBS.
system: What medications treat irritable bowel syndrome?
output: You and your doctor will need to work together to find the right treatment plan to manage your symptoms. The following types of drugs are used to treat IBS: Bulking agents, such as psyllium, wheat bran, and corn fiber, help slow the movement of food through the digestive system and may also help relieve symptoms. Abdonimal Pain and Bloating Antispasmodics can control colon muscle spasms, but experts are unsure that these drugs help. They also have side effects, such as making you drowsy and constipated, that make them a bad choice for some people. Antidepressants may also help relieve symptoms in some people. It helps to relieve constipation by helping bowel movements happen more often. It's not for anyone 17 years old or younger. Studies haven't fully shown that it works well in men. Alosetron ( Lotronex) can help relieve stomach pain and slow your bowels to relieve diarrhea, but there can be serious side effects, so it's only to be used by women with severe IBS- D whose symptoms aren't helped by other treatments.
system: How many Americans are affected by irritable bowel syndrome?
output: People are most likely to get the condition in their late teens to early 40s. There is IBS with constipation ( IBS- C) and IBS with diarrhea ( IBS- D).
system: What are the treatment options for stage IV breast cancer?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } With stage IV, the breast cancer has spread to other parts of your body. Often the bones, brain, lungs, or liver are affected. Because multiple areas may be involved, focused treatments like surgery or radiation alone may not be enough. Treatment of stage IV doesn't cure the disease. But by shrinking the cancer, it can often slow it down, help you feel better, and let you live longer. Patients with stage IV breast cancer may live for years, but it's usually life-threatening at some point.
system: How can other drugs help with stage IV breast cancer?
output: These treatments may help treat pain and other symptoms in areas where the cancer has spread.
system: How is targeted therapy used to treat stage IV breast cancer?
output: Chemotherapy is often the main treatment for this stage. About 20% of women with breast cancer have too much of a protein known as HER2, and it makes the cancer spread quickly. Women with HER2-positive cancer that has spread often take trastuzumab ( Herceptin). It stops the protein from making the cancer cells grow. Other targeted therapies for HER2-positive positive cancer that may be prescribed include ado-trastuzumab emtansine ( Kadcyla), lapatinib ( Tykerb), neratinib ( Nerlynx), or pertuzumab ( Perjeta), Palbociclib ( Ibrance), ribociclib ( Kisqali), and abemaciclib ( Verzenio) are targeted therapies that block certain proteins called CDKs and slow cancer growth. They are given in certain women who have hormone receptor positive and HER2-negative cancers. A new Class of drugs called PARP inhibitors has been found to help women who are HER2-negative but who have BRCA mutated breast cancer. PARP inhibitors include olaparib ( Lynparza) and talazoparib ( Talzenna) and target a protein that helps cancer cells grow. For postmenopausal women who have HER2-negative breast cancer and have tried other treatments for hormone-receptor positive cancer, the doctor may prescribe alpelisib ( Piqray) along with fulvestrant or everolimus ( Afinitor) along with exemestane. Immunotherapy drugs stimulate your immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. In women with advanced hormone receptor negative and HER2-negative breast cancer the immunotherapy drug atezolizumab ( Tecentriq) is sometimes given in combination with the chemotherapy paclitzxel ( Abraxane). Atezolizumab blocks a protein called PD- L1.
system: How can clinical trials help with stage IV breast cancer?
output: These medicines are sometimes given to women with metastatic breast cancer. A clinical trial may give you access to cutting-edge treatments. Talk to your doctor to find out more about them.
system: How is chemotherapy used to treat stage IV breast cancer?
output: How is this treatment going to impact their quality of life? It can slow down the growth of the cancer. It's often used in combination with hormone therapy. You can get chemo several different ways. You may take pills or liquids, but often the drugs are put right into your veins. Depending on the type of treatment, it may be given in cycles that allow your body breaks in between.
system: How is hormone therapy used to treat stage IV breast cancer?
output: It can slow down the growth of the cancer. In these women, medications can prevent the tumor from getting the hormone. These drugs include tamoxifen for all women and aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole ( Arimidex), exemestane ( Aromasin), and letrozole ( Femara) for postmenopausal women. Fulvestrant ( Faslodex) and toremifene ( Fareston) are drugs that block hormone receptors. These medicines are sometimes given to women with metastatic breast cancer. Women who haven't reached menopause may consider having their ovaries removed to stop them from making hormones that help cancer grow. They are given in certain women who have hormone receptor positive and HER2-negative cancers.
system: Is animal therapy helpful for children with cancer?
output: The dog can ease stress and anxiety for anyone else in the room, and he enjoys the attention, too.
system: Is distraction therapy helpful for children with cancer?
output: It could: Lower anxiety and fear Ease pain Improve communication with her health care team Rebuild self-esteem that she may have lost due to treatment The idea is to take your child's mind off the pain, procedures, or other unpleasant things that go with cancer. Almost any enjoyable activity can count: A younger kid could rock a baby. An older one could watch fun movies. You don't need a therapist for this technique. Kids can do it on their own. Whether they play video games or work on crafts, they're doing something good for themselves. It can ease pain, fear, and nausea.
system: Is laughter therapy helpful for children with cancer?
output: There's science at work here: When you laugh, your body releases feel-good hormones called endorphins. That's why cancer centers and hospitals offer this therapy. Although research is limited, studies show a session can quickly improve many negative feelings. It can also: Ease pain Relax muscles Calm fears Improve mood Relieve stress Canines and Childhood Cancer, a research project run by the American Humane Association, aims to show how therapy dogs that visit hospitals can make kids healthier.
system: Can complementary treatments be used for children with cancer?
output: If your child has cancer, you're always looking for ways to ease treatment side effects. For every study that says they help, there's one that says they don't. Meditation and deep breathing are common ways to lower stress in adults and kids with cancer. Acupuncture can help with fatigue, pain and nausea. But there are other techniques that can help with symptoms and may be a lot more fun for your child. A 2016 review of five studies looked at the results of an exercise program for kids with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common type of childhood cancer. However, yoga may ease side effects after cancer treatment. One study found that a 6-week program helped with fatigue, anxiety, balance, and sleep for kids between 10 and 17.
system: Is art therapy helpful for children with cancer?
output: But there are other techniques that can help with symptoms and may be a lot more fun for your child. It could: Lower anxiety and fear Ease pain Improve communication with her health care team Rebuild self-esteem that she may have lost due to treatment The idea is to take your child's mind off the pain, procedures, or other unpleasant things that go with cancer.
system: How can you tell if your baby is hungry?
output: Following your child's lead, instead of trying to stick to a strict time-based schedule, is often called âdemand feedingâ or âfeeding on-demand.â Since your infant can't actually say " I'm hungry,â you'll want to learn to look for cues that it's time to eat. These may include: Leaning toward your breast or a bottle Sucking on his hands or fingers Opening his mouth, sticking out his tongue, or puckering his lips Fussiness Crying is also a sign of hunger. But if you wait until your baby is very upset to feed him, it can be hard to calm him down.
system: What should you know about feeding your baby?
output: It's simple: You should nurse or offer a bottle whenever your little one is hungry in the first few months as a newborn. And your baby is going to let you know, loud and clear! But crying isn't the only clue.
system: How often should you feed your baby?
output: It also depends on whether your baby is drinking breast milk or formula, since they digest breast milk more quickly. If you're breastfeeding, your newborn will probably want to nurse every 1.5 to 3 hours. As he gets older, he'll slowly start to nurse less often and fall into a more predictable pattern. Newborns should nurse 8-12 times a day for the first month; when your child gets to be 4 to 8 weeks old, he'll probably start nursing 7-9 times a day. If he's drinking formula, your baby will probably want a bottle every 2 to 3 hours at first. As your child grows, he should be able to go 3 to 4 hours without eating. You may notice that your baby sometimes wants to eat more often or a larger amount than normal. This usually happens when a child is growing rapidly. Your child may go through growth spurts at 7-14 days old, between 3-6 weeks old, around 4 months old, and around 6 months old. Not sure if your baby is getting enough to eat? You can probably relax. If your child has 4-6 wet diapers a day, regular bowel movements, and is gaining weight, then chances are he's doing just fine. If you have any concerns, give your pediatrician a call.
system: What happens during a chest X-ray?
output: Your doctor uses a chest X-ray to: Look at your chest bones, heart, and lungs See if your pacemaker, defibrillator, or other heart devices are in place To check on any catheters and chest tubes you may have You don't need to do anything to get ready for it. But you do need to let the technician know if you could be pregnant. Your X-ray will take no more than 10 to 15 minutes. You'll have to remove all of your clothes and jewelry from the waist up, and wear a hospital gown. And you have to stand very still while you hold your breath. The process is painless and simple.
system: Why do doctors use a chest X-ray for heart disease?
output: Your doctor uses a chest X-ray to: Look at your chest bones, heart, and lungs See if your pacemaker, defibrillator, or other heart devices are in place To check on any catheters and chest tubes you may have You don't need to do anything to get ready for it.
system: What can a chest X-ray show?
output: Your doctor uses a chest X-ray to: Look at your chest bones, heart, and lungs See if your pacemaker, defibrillator, or other heart devices are in place To check on any catheters and chest tubes you may have You don't need to do anything to get ready for it. It can show your doctor if you have: Fluid in or around your lungs Enlarged heart Blood vessel problems, such as an aortic aneurysm.
system: How can exercise benefit your type 2 diabetes?
output: Remember how much exercise does for you, including: Helps your body use insulin, which controls your blood sugar Burns extra body fat Strengthens muscles and bones Lowers blood pressure Cuts LDL (âbadâ) cholesterol Raises HDL (âgoodâ) cholesterol Improves blood flow Makes heart disease and stroke less likely Boosts energy and mood Tames stress When you exercise, your body needs extra energy from blood sugar, also called glucose.
system: How do I start exercising if I have diabetes and don't normally exercise?
output: Ease into it. If you're not active now, start with 10 minutes of exercise at a time. Gradually work up to 30 minutes a day.
system: What are the health benefits of exercise for diabetic people?
output: Remember how much exercise does for you, including: Helps your body use insulin, which controls your blood sugar Burns extra body fat Strengthens muscles and bones Lowers blood pressure Cuts LDL (âbadâ) cholesterol Raises HDL (âgoodâ) cholesterol Improves blood flow Makes heart disease and stroke less likely Boosts energy and mood Tames stress When you exercise, your body needs extra energy from blood sugar, also called glucose.
system: When should I drink water if I am exercising for my diabetes?
output: Ask your doctor if you should check it before exercise. Ease into it.
system: What drugs can treat erectile dysfunction (ED)?
output: A number of pharmaceutical companies are researching new treatments for ED, and many new options may be just around the corner. It is currently available in Europe.
system: What causes yeast infections in men?
output: Candida albicans is a common fungus. You've probably got a small amount living in your mouth, digestive tract, or on moist parts of your skin. Women often have some in their vagina. Most of the time, Candida doesn't cause any problems. But if too much of it grows in one place, you get a yeast infection. You could get this inside your mouth (doctors call this oral thrush) or as a skin infection. Men can also get a yeast infection on the tip of their penis. This leads to an inflammation called balanitis. It's more common in men who aren't circumcised and have a foreskin that's still intact.
system: How are yeast infections in men diagnosed?
output: Since many sexually transmitted infections ( STIs) share some of the symptoms of a yeast infection, you shouldn't try to diagnose yourself. See your doctor. He'll ask about your symptoms and examine your penis.
system: Can yeast infections in men cause complications?
output: If your immune system is weak, there's a chance that the fungus can spread into your bloodstream. This is a serious condition called invasive candidiasis. The odds are higher when you: Have HIV Have diabetes Are having chemotherapy or radiation Need dialysis Are taking immunosuppressants (drugs that quiet your immune system) Have a central venous catheter (a tube in your chest that's used to give you medicine) A high fever, chills, upset stomach, and headache are all signs that your yeast infection may have spread. If you notice these symptoms, call your doctor right away.
system: What's the treatment for yeast infections in men?
output: You're more likely to get a yeast infection when you: Have been taking antibiotics for a long time Have diabetes Are overweight Have a weak immune system (like people who have HIV) Have trouble cleaning yourself You can also get a yeast infection on your penis through sex. This goes on the head of your penis and under your foreskin until your symptoms go away, which could take 7 to 10 days. You'll also need to avoid sex until you're better. If itching is a problem, your doctor can also give you a corticosteroid (steroid) cream to offer some relief. If an antifungal or corticosteroid cream doesn't clear up your infection, let your doctor know. He may refer you to a dermatologist (skin doctor).
system: What are synthetic oxygen carriers in blood doping?
output: These are chemicals that have the ability to carry oxygen. Two examples are: HBOCs (hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers) PFCs (perfluorocarbons) Synthetic oxygen carriers have a legitimate medical use as emergency therapy. It is used when a patient needs a blood transfusion but: human blood is not available there is a high risk of blood infection there isn't enough time to find the proper match of blood type Athletes use synthetic oxygen carriers to achieve the same performance-enhancing effects of other types of blood doping: increased oxygen in the blood that helps fuel muscles.
system: What are injections of erythropoietin in blood doping?
output: EPO is a hormone produced by the kidney. It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. In medical practice, EPO injections are given to stimulate the production of red blood cells. For example, a synthetic EPO can be used to treat patients with anemia related to chronic or end-stage kidney disease. Athletes using EPO do so to encourage their bodies to produce higher than normal amounts of red blood cells to enhance performance.
system: What are the risks of synthetic oxygen carriers for blood doping?
output: Blood transfusions also have potential side effects of: allergic reactions fever rashes or hives The risks of EPO injections include: hyperkalemia (potentially dangerous elevation of plasma potassium levels in the body) high blood pressure mild flu-like symptoms Athletes who use synthetic oxygen carriers have an increased risk of: heart disease stroke heart attack blood clot
system: What are the three widely used types of blood doping?
output: The three widely used types of blood doping are: blood transfusions injections of erythropoietin ( EPO) injections of synthetic oxygen carriers Here are some more details about each of these types of blood doping: Blood transfusions.
system: What are the risks of erythropoietin injections for blood doping?
output: Blood transfusions also have potential side effects of: allergic reactions fever rashes or hives The risks of EPO injections include: hyperkalemia (potentially dangerous elevation of plasma potassium levels in the body) high blood pressure mild flu-like symptoms Athletes who use synthetic oxygen carriers have an increased risk of: heart disease stroke heart attack blood clot
system: What are the risks of blood transfusions for blood doping?
output: Blood doping via transfusion carries additional risks. Tainted blood can spread infectious diseases such as: HIV hepatitis B hepatitis C Over time, repeated blood transfusions can cause a dangerous buildup of iron in the body.
system: What are the types of blood transfusions used for blood doping?
output: Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance. There are two types. Autologous transfusion. This involves a transfusion of the athlete's own blood, which is drawn and then stored for future use. Homologous transfusion. In this type of transfusion, athletes use the blood of someone else with the same blood type.
system: What are the risks of blood doping?
output: It regulates the body's production of red blood cells. This thickening forces the heart to work harder than normal to pump blood throughout the body. As a result, blood doping raises the risk of: blood clot heart attack stroke An estimated 20 European cyclists are believed to have died as a result of blood doping over the past 25 years.