laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is laparoscopy for pancreatic cancer?
output: Using laparoscopy, a surgeon can collect tissue for biopsy, as well as see inside the abdomen to determine if pancreatic cancer has spread. However, laparoscopy has higher risks than other biopsy approaches.
system: What is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for pancreatic cancer?
output: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP): A flexible tube with a camera and other tools on its end (endoscope) is put through the mouth to the small intestine, near the pancreas. ERCP can collect images from the area, as well as take a small biopsy with a brush.
system: Is it possible to detect pancreatic cancer early?
output: Treating pancreatic cancer is challenging when it's discovered at an advanced stage, as is usually the case. Researchers are seeking methods of early detection, but so far none has proved useful.
system: What tools are used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?
output: A doctor then embarks on a search for the cause, using the tools of the trade: By taking a medical history, a doctor learns the story of the illness, such as the time of onset, nature and location of pain, smoking history, and other medical problems. During a physical exam, a doctor might feel a mass in the abdomen and notice swollen lymph nodes in the neck, jaundiced skin, or weight loss. Lab tests may show evidence that bile flow is being blocked, or other abnormalities.
system: When is a biopsy used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?
output: If imaging studies detect a mass in the pancreas, a pancreatic cancer diagnosis is likely, but not definite. Only a biopsy -- taking actual tissue from the mass -- can diagnose pancreatic cancer.
system: When is pancreatic cancer diagnosed?
output: Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. Pancreatic cancer symptoms frequently include abdominal pain, weight loss, itching, or jaundice (yellow skin).
system: Can an endoscopic ultrasound be used for early detection of pancreatic cancer?
output: Studies are ongoing to see if aggressive screening with endoscopic ultrasound works for early detection of pancreatic cancer in healthy family members. Early results are promising. However, endoscopy is an invasive procedure, so its use is only justified in people already at high risk for pancreatic cancer.
system: What is a percutaneous needle biopsy for pancreatic cancer?
output: Biopsies can be performed in several ways: Percutaneous needle biopsy: Under imaging guidance, a radiologist inserts a needle into the mass, capturing some tissue. This procedure is also called a fine needle aspiration ( FNA).
system: How is a CT scan used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer?
output: Based on a person's exam, lab tests, and description of symptoms, a doctor often orders an imaging test: Computed tomography ( CT scan): A scanner takes multiple X-ray pictures, and a computer reconstructs them into detailed images of the inside of the abdomen.
system: What is an endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic cancer?
output: Endoscopic ultrasound: Similar to ERCP, an endoscope is placed near the pancreas. An ultrasound probe on the endoscope locates the mass, and a needle on the endoscope plucks some tissue from the mass.
system: How is an ultrasound used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer?
output: Ultrasound: Harmless sound waves reflected off organs in the belly create images, potentially helping doctors make a pancreatic cancer diagnosis.
system: How is positron emission tomography used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer?
output: Positron emission tomography ( PET scan): Radioactive glucose injected into the veins is absorbed by cancer cells. PET scans may help determine the degree of pancreatic cancer spread.
system: Can blood tests be used for early detection of pancreatic cancer?
output: Certain substances, such as carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) and CA 19-9, are elevated in people with pancreatic cancer. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.
system: If there is a mass in the pancreas, how do you know if it is cancer?
output: If imaging studies detect a mass in the pancreas, a pancreatic cancer diagnosis is likely, but not definite. Only a biopsy -- taking actual tissue from the mass -- can diagnose pancreatic cancer. Biopsies can be performed in several ways: Percutaneous needle biopsy: Under imaging guidance, a radiologist inserts a needle into the mass, capturing some tissue.
system: What should you know about pancreatic cancer?
output: Unfortunately, a cure is rarely possible at that point. Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.
system: Is pancreatic cancer curable?
output: Unfortunately, a cure is rarely possible at that point. Diagnosing pancreatic cancer usually happens when someone comes to the doctor after experiencing weeks or months of symptoms. However, blood tests don't allow for early detection of pancreatic cancer, because these levels may not rise until pancreatic cancer is advanced, if at all.
system: What are symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
output: If you have AFib, you may get symptoms like: Heartbeat that feels off, like it's racing, quivering, fluttering, thumping, or flip-flopping Pain in your chest You feel confused Feel dizzy or light-headed Get tired or weak Find it hard to exercise because you tire quickly Get short of breath Sweat more than usual Talk to your doctor if you have symptoms of AFib or hyperthyroidism.
system: Which tests diagnose Afib?
output: You may get: Electrocardiogram, also called an ECG or EKG, to look at the electrical signals in your heart. It's the main test for AFib and takes just a few seconds. In some cases, you'll get a portable EKG to measure activity over a longer stretch of time. Echocardiogram, a video image of your heart that lets your doctor look for blood clots Stress test, which looks at how your heart reacts to exercise Chest X-ray to look at your heart and lungs The overall goal is to get thyroid hormone levels back to normal.
system: What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
output: If you have hyperthyroidism, you may notice that you: Feel nervous, anxious, or irritable Have a heartbeat that's faster than normal or feels off Sweat more than usual Have trouble sleeping Get shakiness in your hands and fingers Have swelling near the front, bottom of your neck Feel tired or weak in your muscles Lose weight for no reason Get changes in your periods if you're a woman If you're older, the symptoms may be less clear.
system: How is Afib treated?
output: To control your heart rate, you may get medicines like: Beta-blockers, usually the first choice Calcium channel blockers, if you can't take beta-blockers Digoxin, a more likely option if you also have heart failure Depending on your overall health and how likely you are to have a stroke, you might also get drugs to lower your chances of a blood clot. Common options include aspirin and warfarin ( Coumadin, Jantoven).
system: How is thyroid disease diagnosed?
output: From there, you'll likely need different kinds of tests. Thyroid tests. You'll start with blood tests to check your levels of: Thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH), which is made by the pituitary gland and tells your thyroid how much hormone to make. Low TSH usually means you have an overactive thyroid. Thyroid hormones, called T3 and T4. If they're high, you likely have hyperthyroidism. From there, you may get other tests, like imaging or more bloodwork, to look for what's causing the problem.
system: What is the link between atrial fibrillation (AFib) and thyroid disease?
output: When your thyroid is too active, it's called hyperthyroidism. You get more hormones than you need, which is like stepping on an internal gas pedal. Everything speeds up, including your heart. If you take thyroid replacement hormone -- because your thyroid is underactive or your doctor removed it -- a dose that's too high can cause the same issue. And that rapid heartbeat can lead to AFib, where the top chambers of your heart start to quiver and it can't pump as much blood as normal.
system: Is the penile prosthesis implant safe?
output: No surgery is totally free of possible complications. Complications associated with penile implants include: Uncontrolled bleeding after the surgery possibly leading to re-operation Infection Scar tissue formation Erosion (tissue around the implant may break down) requiring removal Mechanical failure leading to re-operation and removal Insurance coverage for these operations is often good, as long as a medical cause of ED is established.
system: How is meralgia paresthetica diagnosed?
output: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries. The doctor will touch your leg to find the affected area.
system: What can squeeze or damage the nerve related to meralgia paresthetica?
output: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries.
system: How long does it take for meralgia paresthetica to go away after treatment?
output: It can take some time for your pain to go away. Some people will still feel numbness even after treatment. In most cases, though, you should be able to recover within 4 to 6 weeks.
system: What causes nerve restriction or damage in meralgia paresthetica?
output: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries.
system: How is severe meralgia paresthetica treated?
output: Surgery to ease pressure on the nerve. Doctors usually recommend an operation only when no other treatment helps.
system: How will my doctor diagnose meralgia paresthetica?
output: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries. The doctor will touch your leg to find the affected area.
system: What causes meralgia paresthetica?
output: Nerves travel throughout your body, carrying messages to and from your brain. A certain set of nerves, called the sensory nerves, gather and send signals to your brain about your skin, muscles, and other tissues. If you have meralgia paresthetica, a large sensory nerve in your outer thigh doesn't have enough room to pass through your hip bone or joints. This may be due to swelling, trauma, or increased pressure in this area.
system: What will my doctor recommend if I am diagnosed with meralgia paresthetica?
output: For mild cases, your doctor may recommend: Heat, ice, or taking over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, naproxen, or ibuprofen for a few days Weight loss Wearing loose-fitting clothing, especially around your upper front hip Physical therapy for a hip injury or to strengthen your leg muscles or abs If your condition is more severe, you may need: A corticosteroid shot to reduce swelling.
system: What tests will my doctor do for meralgia paresthetica?
output: A lot of things can squeeze or damage the nerve, including: Weight gain and obesity Tight clothing Pregnancy Injury, such as trauma from a seatbelt during a car crash A disease that can damage the nerves, like diabetes Repetitive motions that could irritate the nerve, such as certain leg movements Standing or walking for a long time Your doctor will give you a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and your medical history -- especially about any recent injuries or surgeries.
system: How are mild cases of meralgia paresthetica treated?
output: For mild cases, your doctor may recommend: Heat, ice, or taking over-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin, acetaminophen, naproxen, or ibuprofen for a few days Weight loss Wearing loose-fitting clothing, especially around your upper front hip Physical therapy for a hip injury or to strengthen your leg muscles or abs If your condition is more severe, you may need: A corticosteroid shot to reduce swelling.
system: How do symptoms of meralgia paresthetica progress?
output: You might feel: Pain, tingling, numbness, or burning in the outside of your thigh Sensitivity to light touch rather than to firm pressure High sensitivity to heat Your symptoms may be mild at first, but as the condition gets worse, you might feel sharper, shooting pain. It may go away and come back for no clear reason.
system: What is the goal of treatment for meralgia paresthetica?
output: The goal of treatment is to ease the pressure on your nerve. The type of therapy you get depends on the cause of your condition.
system: What is meralgia paresthetica?
output: You might also hear it called Bernhardt- Roth syndrome. It happens when there's too much pressure on or damage to one of the nerves in your leg, specifically the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. If you have meralgia paresthetica, a large sensory nerve in your outer thigh doesn't have enough room to pass through your hip bone or joints.
system: What are the warning signs and symptoms of meralgia paresthetica?
output: You might feel: Pain, tingling, numbness, or burning in the outside of your thigh Sensitivity to light touch rather than to firm pressure High sensitivity to heat Your symptoms may be mild at first, but as the condition gets worse, you might feel sharper, shooting pain. It may go away and come back for no clear reason. The type of therapy you get depends on the cause of your condition.
system: What are symptoms of meralgia paresthetica?
output: You might feel: Pain, tingling, numbness, or burning in the outside of your thigh Sensitivity to light touch rather than to firm pressure High sensitivity to heat Your symptoms may be mild at first, but as the condition gets worse, you might feel sharper, shooting pain. The type of therapy you get depends on the cause of your condition.
system: What is an electromyography test for meralgia paresthetica?
output: A certain set of nerves, called the sensory nerves, gather and send signals to your brain about your skin, muscles, and other tissues. If you have meralgia paresthetica, a large sensory nerve in your outer thigh doesn't have enough room to pass through your hip bone or joints. The doctor will touch your leg to find the affected area.
system: What are the different types of vaginal cysts?
output: There are several different types of vaginal cysts: Inclusion cysts are one of the most common types of vaginal cysts. They are usually very small and located in the lower back of the vaginal wall. Bartholin's gland cysts are fluid-filled cysts that form on the Bartholin's glands. These glands sit on either side of the opening to the vagina and produce the fluid that lubricates the vaginal lips (labia). Gartner's duct cysts occur when ducts in a developing embryo don't disappear as they are supposed to after the baby is born. These remaining ducts can form vaginal cysts later in life. MÃ¼llerian cysts are another common type of vaginal cyst that form from structures left behind when a baby develops. These cysts can grow anywhere on the vaginal walls and they often contain mucus.
system: What are vaginal cysts?
output: These sac-like lumps are filled with fluid, air, or other materials. They're not usually harmful or painful. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Some cysts are so small that they can't be seen with the naked eye. Others can grow to the size of an orange. You can find cysts just about anywhere on the body, including the vagina. A vaginal cyst is usually located on or under the lining of the vagina. There are several different types of vaginal cysts: Inclusion cysts are one of the most common types of vaginal cysts.
system: How do you treat discomfort from vaginal cysts?
output: You will have to keep the catheter in place for about four to six weeks.
system: How do you treat infected vaginal cysts?
output: To treat an infected vaginal cyst, you may need to take antibiotics.
system: What are the symptoms of vaginal cysts?
output: If you have one of these cysts, you might feel a small lump along the vaginal wall or on the lips. Often, your gynecologist will discover the lump during your annual exam. The cyst might stay the same size or grow larger. The cyst shouldn't be painful. However, some larger cysts -- especially Bartholin's gland cysts -- can cause discomfort when you walk, have sex, or insert a tampon. Vaginal cysts usually don't need to be treated.
system: How do you drain vaginal cysts?
output: You might need to have a biopsy of the cyst to rule out cancer. During a biopsy, your health care provider removes a piece of tissue from the cyst. You could also have a procedure called marsupialization in which a small incision is made in the cyst to drain the fluid and then the edges of the incision are sutured to the sides of the incision.
system: How do you treat vaginal cysts?
output: They're not usually harmful or painful. Vaginal cysts usually don't cause symptoms. You might need to have a biopsy of the cyst to rule out cancer. During a biopsy, your health care provider removes a piece of tissue from the cyst. That piece of tissue is examined under a microscope to see if it is cancerous.
system: What do I need to do if my dog has a high fever temperature greater than 103 F?
output: If your dog has a temperature greater than 103 F, you should call your veterinarian. Fevers above 106 F are emergencies that must be treated promptly.
system: What do I need to do if my dog has a high fever temperature above 105 F?
output: If your dog has a temperature above 105 F, you can help bring his body temperature down by applying cool water to his fur, especially around the ears and feet. Using a fan on the damp fur will help lower the temperature. Be sure to monitor your dog’s rectal temperature as you do this, and stop the cooling procedure once it reaches 103 F. You don’t want to bring down the temperature too fast. If your dog has a fever, try to see that he drinks small amounts of water on a regular basis to stay hydrated, but don’t force it. And never give your dog any human medicines intended to lower fever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as they can be poisonous to dogs and cause severe injury or death.
system: What is hyperthermia or heat stroke in dogs?
output: The normal body temperature for dogs is between 101 and 102.5 F, compared to 97.6 to 99.6 F for humans. When dogs have high temperatures that are the result of hot external temperatures or excessive exercise in humid conditions, the condition is referred to as hyperthermia or heat stroke. When temperatures reach 106 F, serious and fatal complications can occur.
system: What illnesses or conditions can give your dog a high fever?
output: Infection may be anywhere in the body, such as the lungs (pneumonia), the kidneys (pyelonephritis), the brain (encephalitis), or even the skin. Some infections, such as fungal diseases, can affect several areas of the body at the same time. Vaccination. A low-grade fever for 24 to 48 hours after vaccination is not uncommon and results from the interaction between the injection and the dog’s immune system. Toxins. Consuming substances that are poisonous to dogs, including macadamia nuts and some human antidepressants, can result in increased body temperature. If your dog has a temperature greater than 103 F, you should call your veterinarian.
system: How can I check if my dogs has a high fever?
output: A temperature of more than 103 F is considered a dog fever, although it can be 103 if a dog is very excited or stressed. Although there are no definite signs, some symptoms that might indicate illness and fever in dogs include: Lethargy Depressed mood Shivering Loss of appetite Vomiting Coughing Nasal discharge The only accurate way to tell if your dog has an increased body temperature is to take his rectal temperature. Experts recommend using a digital thermometer specifically designed for rectal use in dogs. Most thermometers intended for use in human ears do not work well for this purpose. To take your dog’s temperature, first coat the thermometer with a lubricant such as petroleum gel or baby oil. Next, gently insert the thermometer about one inch into your dog’s anus and wait for results.
system: Do genetics cause generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
output: Genetics: Some research suggests that family history plays a part in increasing the likelihood that a person will develop GAD. This means that the tendency to develop GAD may be passed on in families.
system: Does brain chemistry cause generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
output: Brain chemistry: GAD has been associated with abnormal functioning of certain nerve cell pathways that connect particular brain regions involved in thinking and emotion. These nerve cell connections depend on chemicals called neurotransmitters that transmit information from one nerve cell to the next. If the pathways that connect particular brain regions do not run efficiently, problems related to mood or anxiety may result.