laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can I check my child's heart rate?
output: You should also check your child's pulse if he: Says his chest hurts or complains of things like a âracingâ feeling or a âskippedâ heartbeat Faints Has trouble breathing (not because of asthma) Becomes pale or his lips turn blue How to Check Make sure your child has been seated for at least 5 minutes before you start. Place your first two fingers on the front of his neck or the inside of the wrist, armpit, or elbow crease. You should feel thumps against your fingers. Set a timer for 30 seconds and count the beats. Double that number, and that's your child's heart rate.
system: What are signs of respiratory distress in children?
output: Normal rate (breaths per minute): Infant (0-12 months): 30-60 Toddler (1-3 years): 24-40 Preschooler (3-5 years): 22-34 School-aged child (5-12 years): 18-30 Adolescent (12-18 years): 12-16 If your baby or child's pulse is fast or he has any of the following symptoms, it could mean he's having trouble breathing: Bluish color around the mouth Pale or gray skin A grunting sound with each breath out Nose flares Wheezing Sweating Tiredness Upper chest sinks in with each breath Respiratory distress is serious. It means your child isn't getting enough oxygen. Call your doctor or 911, or get to the emergency room right away.
system: How can I check my child's respiratory rate?
output: How to Check Set a timer for 30 seconds and count the number of times your child's chest rises. Double that number to get his respiratory rate. Normal rate (breaths per minute): Infant (0-12 months): 30-60 Toddler (1-3 years): 24-40 Preschooler (3-5 years): 22-34 School-aged child (5-12 years): 18-30 Adolescent (12-18 years): 12-16 If your baby or child's pulse is fast or he has any of the following symptoms, it could mean he's having trouble breathing: Bluish color around the mouth Pale or gray skin A grunting sound with each breath out Nose flares Wheezing Sweating Tiredness Upper chest sinks in with each breath Respiratory distress is serious.
system: What are normal levels of blood pressure for boys and girls 13 and older?
output: For boys: 1 year old: less than 98/52 2 years old: less than 100/55 3 years old: less than 101/58 4 years old: less than 102/60 5 years old: less than 103/63 6 years old: less than 105/66 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 107/70 10 years old: less than 108/72 11 years old: less than 110/74 12 years old: less than 113/75 For girls: 1 year old: less than 98/54 2 years old: less than 101/58 3 years old: less than 102/60 4 years old: less than 103/62 5 years old: less than 104/64 6 years old: less than 105/67 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 108/71 10 years old: less than 109/72 11 years old: less than 111/74 12 years old: less than 114/75 For boys and girls 13 and older: less than 120/80.
system: How do I take an oral temperature for my child?
output: To take an oral temperature: Slip the end of the thermometer under your child's tongue. Have your child close his lips around the thermometer. Remove it when it beeps and check the temperature.
system: What are normal levels of blood pressure in girls?
output: For boys: 1 year old: less than 98/52 2 years old: less than 100/55 3 years old: less than 101/58 4 years old: less than 102/60 5 years old: less than 103/63 6 years old: less than 105/66 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 107/70 10 years old: less than 108/72 11 years old: less than 110/74 12 years old: less than 113/75 For girls: 1 year old: less than 98/54 2 years old: less than 101/58 3 years old: less than 102/60 4 years old: less than 103/62 5 years old: less than 104/64 6 years old: less than 105/67 7 years old: less than 106/68 8 years old: less than 107/69 9 years old: less than 108/71 10 years old: less than 109/72 11 years old: less than 111/74 12 years old: less than 114/75 For boys and girls 13 and older: less than 120/80.
system: What are the symptoms of metabolic acidosis?
output: Although symptoms can differ, someone with metabolic acidosis will often: Breathe fast Have a fast heartbeat Have a headache Be confused Feel weak Feel tired Have little desire to eat Feel sick to their stomach Throw up Fruity-smelling breath is a classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA). If you have these symptoms, call your doctor. You'll probably need to go to the hospital if they're severe.
system: How does lactic acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis?
output: Lactic acidosis. The cells in your body make lactic acid when they don't have a lot of oxygen to use. This acid can build up, too. It might happen when you're exercising intensely. Big drops in blood pressure, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and an overwhelming infection can also cause it.
system: How does renal tubular acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis?
output: Healthy kidneys take acids out of your blood and get rid of them in your pee. Kidney diseases as well as some immune system and genetic disorders can damage kidneys so they leave too much acid in your blood.
system: What tests are used to diagnose metabolic acidosis?
output: Ketoacidosis. This test measures the chemical balance in your blood. It compares the numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, including sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Certain types of metabolic acidosis have a bigger difference -- or "gap" -- than others. Arterial blood gases. If you have diabetes, you can test your pee for ketones at home with test strips you can buy over the counter. Some blood sugar meters can measure ketones in your blood.
system: What is metabolic acidosis?
output: Your body: Is making too much acid Isn't getting rid of enough acid Doesn't have enough base to offset a normal amount of acid var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } When any of these happen, chemical reactions and processes in your body don't work right. Although severe episodes can be life-threatening, sometimes metabolic acidosis is a mild condition. You can treat it, but how depends on what's causing it. This test measures the chemical balance in your blood.
system: What is the treatment for metabolic acidosis?
output: You can treat it, but how depends on what's causing it. If you don't restore the balance, it can affect your bones, muscles, and kidneys. In severe cases, it can cause shock or death. DKA can put you in a coma. The earlier you're treated, the better. Common treatments include: Detoxification, if you have drug or alcohol poisoning Insulin, if you have DKA IV fluids, given by needle through a vein in your arm Sodium bicarbonate, by IV You might have to go to a hospital.
system: How can you prevent metabolic acidosis?
output: You can treat it, but how depends on what's causing it. Drink plenty of water and non-alcoholic fluids. Your pee should be clear or pale yellow. Limit alcohol. It can increase acid buildup. It can also dehydrate you. Manage your diabetes, if you have it. Follow directions when you take your medications.
system: How does hyperchloremic acidosis lead to metabolic acidosis?
output: Lots of ketones in your blood turn it acidic. But it starts in a different way, when your body has too much carbon dioxide because of a problem with your lungs. This test measures the p H of your blood and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in it.
system: Which genes cause myelofibrosis and are they inherited?
output: About 90% of people who get this kind of cancer have a change in one of three genes: JAK2, CALR, or MPL. These genes change during your lifetime, but we don't know why. Maybe you were exposed to toxic chemicals or radiation. In most cases, you don't inherit these gene problems from your parents, and you don't pass them on to your children.
system: How does myelofibrosis (MF) affect your organs?
output: Organs: Because your marrow has problems making blood cells, organs like your spleen, liver, or lungs may start the process instead. You could also make blood cells in your spinal cord or lymph nodes -- small glands in your groin, neck, and armpits. All that extra blood can cause organs to get too large, especially your spleen. You might feel pain or fullness in your belly if that happens. This can be serious, so you need to get it looked at right away.
system: What do different blood cells do and how does myelofibrosis affect them?
output: Red blood cells bring oxygen to your organs and tissues like muscles. If you have too few (your doctor will call this anemia), you might feel weak, short of breath, lightheaded, or really tired. You might have bone pain. White blood cells help you fight off infections. If you have too many, your body can't defend you from illness like it's supposed to. Platelets make your blood clot when you get a cut so you can form a scab and heal. Without enough working platelets, it may be hard for you to stop bleeding.
system: What causes myelofibrosis?
output: A problem with one of your genes causes you to make stem cells that don't work the way they should. These are the cells that make blood in your bone marrow.
system: How does myelofibrosis spread in the body and can it be prevented?
output: These faulty genes make copies of themselves. The bad versions spread through your marrow and try to stop your body from making normal blood cells. We don't know how to prevent MF.
system: What ages and gender are most likely to get myelofibrosis?
output: Most people are diagnosed around age 60. Both men and women can get it. About 18,000 people in the U. S. are living with MF. Young adults or small children can get myelofibrosis, but it's rare. Girls are affected twice as often as boys when it happens in childhood.
system: What can increase your risk of myelofibrosis?
output: You may get MF by itself. Or it could happen if you have another type of cancer that spreads to your marrow. Blood cancers like leukemia or myeloma could also bring it on. Long-term exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals like benzene could make you more likely to get MF. But that doesn't happen often.
system: Who gets myelofibrosis (MF)?
output: Most people are diagnosed around age 60. Both men and women can get it. About 18,000 people in the U. S. are living with MF. Young adults or small children can get myelofibrosis, but it's rare. Girls are affected twice as often as boys when it happens in childhood. You may get MF by itself. Long-term exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals like benzene could make you more likely to get MF. Red blood cells bring oxygen to your organs and tissues like muscles.
system: How do I do a breast self-exam lying down?
output: Lying down: Lie down and place a small pillow or folded towel under your right shoulder. Put your right hand behind your head. Place your left hand on the upper portion of your right breast with fingers together and flat. Body lotion may help to make this easier. Think of your breast as a face on a clock. Start at 12 o'clock and move toward 1 o'clock in small circular motions. Continue around the entire circle until you reach 12 o'clock again. Keep your fingers flat and in constant contact with your breast. When the circle is complete, move in 1 inch toward the nipple and complete another circle around the clock. Continue in this pattern until you've felt the entire breast. Make sure to feel the upper outer areas that extend into your armpit. Place your fingers flat and directly on top of your nipple. Feel beneath the nipple for any changes. Gently press your nipple inward. It should move easily. Repeat these steps on your other breast. Don't forget to check the upper, outer area of the breast, nearest to the armpit.
system: Should you do a breast self-exam?
output: Medical groups don't agree on that. You can ask your doctor for advice on whether it would be helpful for you. If you notice anything unusual, tell your doctor. You may need to lift your breasts with your hand to see it.
system: How do I do a breast self-exam in the mirror?
output: But should you do a breast self-exam? If you choose to do one, follow these steps: In the mirror: Stand undressed from the waist up in front of a large mirror in a well-lit room. Look at your breasts. If they aren't equal in size or shape, that's OK! Most women's breasts aren't. With your arms relaxed by your sides, look for any changes in size, shape, or position, or any breast skin changes. Look for any puckering, dimpling, sores, or discoloration. Check your nipples and look for any sores, peeling, or change in their direction. Place your hands on your hips and press down firmly to tighten the chest muscles beneath your breasts. Turn from side to side so you can look at the outer part of your breasts. Then bend forward toward the mirror. Roll your shoulders and elbows forward to tighten your chest muscles. Your breasts will fall forward. Look for any changes in their shape or contour. Now, clasp your hands behind your head and press your hands forward. Again, turn from side to side to inspect your breasts' outer portions. Remember to look at the border underneath them. You may need to lift your breasts with your hand to see it. Check your nipples for discharge fluid. Place your thumb and forefinger on the tissue surrounding the nipple and pull outward toward the end of the nipple. Look for any discharge. Repeat on your other breast.
system: What should you do if you find a lump during your breast self-exam?
output: Medical groups don't agree on that. You can ask your doctor for advice on whether it would be helpful for you. But do check in with your doctor's office if you notice any new breast changes, such as: An area that is different from any other area on either breast A lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm that lasts through your menstrual cycle A change in the size, shape, or contour of the breast A mass or lump A marble-like area under the skin A change in the feel or appearance of the skin on the breast or nipple (dimpled, puckered, scaly, or inflamed) Bloody or clear fluid discharge from the nipples Redness of the skin on the breast or nipple
system: How do I do a breast self-exam in the shower?
output: In the shower: Feel for changes in the breast. It helps to have your hands slippery with soap and water. Check for any lumps or thickening in your underarm area. Place your left hand on your hip and reach with your right hand to feel in the left armpit. Repeat on the other side. Check both sides for lumps or thickenings above and below your collarbone. With hands soapy, raise one arm behind your head to spread out the breast tissue. Use the flat part of your fingers from the other hand to press gently into the breast. Follow an up-and-down pattern, moving from bra line to collarbone. Continue the pattern until you have covered the entire breast. Repeat on the other side. Repeat these steps on your other breast.
system: How can modified radical hysterectomy help with treating cervical cancer?
output: This surgery is usually for early stage cervical cancer that has not spread outside the cervix. During a radical hysterectomy, your doctor removes the uterus and cervix, along with ligaments that hold the uterus in place, and the top part of the vagina next to the cervix. Pelvic lymph nodes may also be removed. The surgery is usually done with one large cut in the abdomen, or is laparoscopic-assisted through the vagina. Your hospital stay after a radical hysterectomy is usually between 5 and 7 days. You could have trouble going to the bathroom after surgery, and you might need a temporary tube called a catheter to urinate.
system: What do you need to know about treating cervical cancer?
output: If you were diagnosed with cervical cancer, just know that it's usually very treatable -- especially if your doctor caught it early. If so, there are several options to treat it, relieve your symptoms, and help you live longer. First, your doctor will have to determine the cancer's stage, meaning its size, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. She will choose a treatment that's most likely to shrink the cancer based on the stage and what type of cervical cancer it is. She will also consider your age and whether you want to maintain your ability to have children.
system: How can pelvic exenteration help with treating cervical cancer?
output: This surgery is used when cervical cancer comes back and spreads outside the cervix. Your surgeon will remove your cervix, uterus, and nearby lymph nodes. Other organs, like the bladder, vagina, rectum, and part of the colon might also be removed, depending on where your cancer has spread. If you have your bladder or rectum removed, the surgeon will create new pathways to remove urine and waste from your body.
system: How can total hysterectomy help with treating cervical cancer?
output: This surgery removes your uterus and cervix. It is the main treatment for small cancers that haven't spread outside your cervix. This procedure can be done through your: Belly (abdominal hysterectomy) Belly, through very small holes (laparoscopic hysterectomy) During the procedure, you surgeon might also remove your fallopian tubes and ovaries, as well as the lymph nodes in your pelvis to see if the cancer has spread. You'll have to stay in the hospital for 1 to 5 days after a hysterectomy. Recovery time is faster for laparoscopic surgery than abdominal surgery. You won't be able to bear children after a hysterectomy. If you still want children and opt to have this procedure, talk to your doctor about options such as freezing your eggs or embryos.
system: How can trachelectomy help with treating cervical cancer?
output: This procedure, also known as a cervicectomy, is an option if you have early-stage cervical cancer and still want to have children. It removes the cervix and top of the vagina, but leaves most of the uterus. This can be done through an open cut or laparoscopically in the abdomen or can be done vaginally. If you get pregnant you'll have to deliver by C-section.
system: What are side effects of chemotherapy for cervical cancer?
output: The side effects from chemotherapy depend on which drugs you take, but can include: Changes in your periods Fatigue Hair loss Increased risk for infection Loss of appetite Mouth sores Nausea and vomiting Getting both radiation and chemo can increase the number of side effects you have. Many of these will go away once you stop treatment. Some can last for a long time, or even permanently. Ask your doctor for ways to relieve your side effects. Targeted therapy uses drugs that kill cancer cells but spare healthy cells.
system: What are side effects of radiation for cervical cancer?
output: Radiation uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and stop their growth. Side effects of radiation include: Fatigue Loose stools, diarrhea Nausea, vomiting Pain during sex Skin changes Discomfort and urge to urinate often Menstrual changes Swollen legs (if lymph nodes are irradiated) These side effects will go away once you finish treatment.
system: How can conization help with treating cervical cancer?
output: If you were diagnosed with cervical cancer, just know that it's usually very treatable -- especially if your doctor caught it early. This surgery can treat very small cervical cancers that haven't spread. Your surgeon removes a cone-shaped area of abnormal cells from your cervix. Conization is performed with a knife, laser, or a thin, heated wire loop. After conization, you should still be able to have children.
system: How can surgery help with treating cervical cancer?
output: If you were diagnosed with cervical cancer, just know that it's usually very treatable -- especially if your doctor caught it early. Surgery is the main treatment for cervical cancers. Sometimes you'll get chemotherapy or radiation to shrink the tumor before surgery, or to kill cancer cells that remain afterward. The type of surgery you have depends on how large the cancer has grown and whether it has spread. Some types of cervical cancer surgery can affect your ability to have children. Talk to your doctor about the risks before you decide on a procedure.
system: How can clinical trials help with treating cervical cancer?
output: You might also get chemotherapy if your cancer has spread. If you've tried a few treatments and they didn't work, or the cancer has spread, ask your doctor about a clinical trial. These test new treatments to see if they're safe and if they work.
system: What are cervical cancer treatments?
output: If you were diagnosed with cervical cancer, just know that it's usually very treatable -- especially if your doctor caught it early. Cervical cancer treatments include: Chemotherapy Radiation Surgery Targeted therapy Take time to review all your options. Make sure you understand how each treatment works. You can also get a second opinion from another doctor.
system: Does having diabetes affect my teeth?
output: â High blood sugar or some medications can cause you to have less saliva, so your mouth can feel dry. Without saliva to cleanse and rinse your teeth, you're at a much higher risk for cavities.â Diabetes also makes it take longer to heal wounds, including those from oral surgery or having a tooth removed.
system: What does gum disease look like?
output: â The most common effect of diabetes is swollen and bleeding gums,â Boghosian says. She notes that about 1 in 5 people with diabetes have gum disease.
system: Can a dentist tell how well I manage my diabetes?
output: A dentist can tell if something is not right within your mouth. They would not give you a blood sugar test or check on your diabetes, but if your gums bleed and are not the right color, they will see that.
system: What do oral infections caused by diabetes look like?
output: â First of all, it can put you at higher risk for oral infections.â These are clusters of germs that can cause pain in your mouth. They look like white or red patches on your gums, tongue, or inside your cheeks. You might even notice dark spots or holes in your teeth. People with diabetes are also more likely to get fungal infections, such as thrush, which leaves white patches in your mouth that can turn into sores or ulcers.
system: How are gum infection and blood sugar related?
output: If it's not treated, gum disease can cause your blood sugar to rise, and that makes your diabetes harder to manage. If your blood sugar is out of control because of an infection in your mouth, then treating that infection will tame your blood sugar.
system: What can I do to reduce dental issues associated with diabetes?
output: First, manage your diabetes. â Keep your blood sugar levels under control, choose a healthy diet, stay active,â Boghosian says. â If your body is healthy it will help you fight the oral and fungal infections, and maybe even increase the amount of saliva in your mouth.â Don't smoke. Aside from their many dangers, cigarettes and cigars also contribute to dry mouth, gum disease, and tooth decay. If you wear a full or partial denture, clean it thoroughly each day to reduce bacteria. â And of course, brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and a soft toothbrush,â Boghosian says. See your dentist for regular checkups.â