laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's fever?
output: If the baby's temperature measured in the rectum is 100.4 F or higher, she has a fever. For the first 3 months of your baby's life, take temperatures in the rectum, not in the ear, mouth, or under the armpit. Fever in newborns may be due to a serious condition such as bacterial meningitis or sepsis, a bloodstream infection. Both can be life-threatening if they aren't treated right away. Before you call, write down your child's temperature and the exact time you took it.
system: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's breathing?
output: Trouble breathing.
system: What information should I have ready when I call my newborn's doctor?
output: Before calling your doctor, make sure to have a pen and paper to write down any instructions he might give. You should also have the following information on hand: Her temperature Any medical problems your baby has The names and doses of any medicine your newborn takes Your baby's immunization records
system: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's constipation?
output: Your newborn should have a bowel movement at least once a day during the first month. If she doesn't, call your doctor, as the baby may not be eating enough. After that, a formula-fed infant should have one at least one a day, but breastfed infants can go several days or even a week without one. If your baby is 1 month or older and is constipated (no pooping, or hard stool), you can try giving apple or pear juice (1 ounce a day for every month of life, so a 2-month-old would get 2 ounces). If that doesn't help after a day or two, call your pediatrician.
system: When should I call my doctor about about my newborn's sleeping habits?
output: It's true that most newborns can sleep pretty much through anything. But if your baby won't stir even after you've undressed her or prodded her a bit, it's time to call the doctor.
system: When should I call my doctor about how much my newborn pees?
output: A healthy newborn has 6 to 8 wet diapers in 24 hours after day 4 of life. If she has fewer than that, she may be dehydrated. Other signs include sunken eyes and a sunken fontanel (the soft spot on your baby's head), and no tears when crying.
system: When should I call my doctor about my newborn's eating habits?
output: If your newborn refuses several feedings in a row or seems to be eating less than usual, check with your doctor.
system: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's diarrhea?
output: This can be hard to notice in a newborn, especially a breastfeeding one, as she has frequent, soft stools. If you suddenly notice more frequent bowel movements (for example, several while eating) or very watery ones, it could be diarrhea. Call your pediatrician if it goes on for 6-8 diaper changes.
system: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's vomiting?
output: If that doesn't help after a day or two, call your pediatrician. It could indicate an infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or, in rare cases, pyloric stenosis, a thickening of stomach muscles that requires surgery.
system: When should I call the doctor about my newborn's cold?
output: And your little one can't tell you what's wrong. But call the doctor if your baby is so stuffed up she has trouble feeding or sleeping, if she seems especially cranky, or if nasal symptoms last longer than 10-14 days.
system: When should I call my doctor about my newborn's diaper rash?
output: Fever in newborns may be due to a serious condition such as bacterial meningitis or sepsis, a bloodstream infection. A cold that doesn't get better.
system: What medicines can affect how blood thinners for pulmonary embolism (PE) work?
output: You also should talk to your doctor about any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take. Some common ones can affect how blood thinners work, too: These include: Aspirin Cold medicines Pain medicines Sleeping pills Antibiotics You can expect to take blood thinners for at least 3 months and possibly much longer.
system: What medication can help with treating pulmonary embolism (PE)?
output: They're known as âblood thinnersâ because they make it harder for your blood to clot. They don't break up a clot, but they keep it from getting bigger as your body dissolves it. When you take blood thinners, you'll need to change what you eat and drink. For example, foods rich in vitamin K, which helps your body form blood clots, may keep blood thinners from working like they should. That means you may need to eat fewer leafy green vegetables and limit fish, liver, and some kinds of vegetable oil. Ask your doctor if it's OK for you to drink alcohol while you take blood thinners.
system: What causes pulmonary embolism (PE)?
output: A pulmonary embolism most often starts in your legs, in one of the veins that brings blood to your heart and lungs. This kind of serious, painful experience can leave you feeling sad or scared, especially if your recovery puts new limits on what you can do.
system: How can pulmonary embolism (PE) affect your mental health?
output: It's a serious condition, and recovery can take weeks or months. You also should talk to your doctor about any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take.
system: How does caffeine affect insulin sensitivity?
output: Caffeine may lower your insulin sensitivity. That means your cells don't react to the hormone by as much as they once did. They don't absorb as much sugar from your blood after you eat or drink. This causes your body to make more insulin, so you have higher levels after meals. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body already doesn't use insulin well. After meals, your blood sugar rises higher than normal. Caffeine may make it tougher to bring it down to a healthy point. This may lead to too-high blood sugar levels. Over time, this may raise your chance of diabetes complications, like nerve damage or heart disease.
system: Why does caffeine affect insulin and blood sugar levels?
output: It can raise blood sugar and insulin levels for those with the disease. But they think it may work this way: Caffeine raises levels of certain stress hormones, like epinephrine (also called adrenaline). Epinephrine can prevent your cells from processing as much sugar. It may also keep your body from making as much insulin. It blocks a protein called adenosine. This molecule plays a big role in how much insulin your body makes. It also controls how your cells respond to it. Caffeine keeps adenosine from doing its job. It can't clear sugar from your blood as quickly. It takes a toll on your sleep. Too much caffeine can keep you awake. Lack of sleep may also lower your insulin sensitivity.
system: How much caffeine is too much caffeine?
output: That's the amount in about one or two cups of brewed coffee or three or four cups of black tea. You may be able to handle more or less caffeine. People can have different reactions to the drug. Your response depends on things like your age and weight. The caffeine in a cup of java makes it tougher to control your blood sugar.
system: How are yeast infections treated?
output: Yeast infection treatment depends on the specific kind of infection that is being treated. Skin yeast infections are highly treatable with medicated creams. Medicated suppositories may be used to treat yeast infections in the vagina. Thrush may be treated with a medicated mouthwash or lozenges that dissolve in the mouth. Severe infections or infections in someone with a compromised immune system may be treated with oral anti-yeast medications.
system: How is athlete's foot treated?
output: Athlete's foot is treated with topical antifungal medication (a drug placed directly on the skin) in most cases. Severe cases may require oral drugs (those taken by mouth). The feet must be kept clean and dry since the fungus thrives in moist environments.
system: How is jock itch treated?
output: In most cases, treatment of jock itch involves keeping the affected area clean and dry and applying topical antifungal medications. Jock itch usually responds to over-the-counter antifungal creams and sprays. However, prescription antifungal creams are sometimes necessary. During treatment of jock itch, be sure to: Wash and dry the affected area with a clean towel Apply the antifungal cream, powder, or spray as directed Change clothes -- especially underwear -- everyday Ringworm, also called tinea corporis, is not a worm, but a fungal infection of the skin.
system: How is jock itch diagnosed?
output: Symptoms of jock itch include: Itching, chafing, or burning in the groin or thigh A circular, red, raised rash with elevated edges Redness in the groin or thigh Flaking, peeling, or cracking skin In most cases, jock itch can be diagnosed based on the appearance and location of the rash. If you are not certain that the condition is jock itch, contact your doctor. The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and will perform a physical exam. A microscopic exam of the scales of skin can confirm the diagnosis.
system: How is ringworm treated?
output: Treatment for ringworm usually consists of antifungal medications that are applied to the skin. Many ringworm infections respond well to over-the-counter creams, including: Lamisil Micatin, Monistat- Derm Lotrimin, Mycelex Prescription topical or oral drugs can be prescribed for more severe cases of ringworm.
system: What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?
output: Signs of yeast infection in skin folds include: Rash Patches that ooze clear fluid Pimple-like bumps Itching or burning Signs of yeast infection in the nail beds include: Swelling Pain Pus White or yellow nail that separates from the nail bed Signs of thrush (yeast infection of the mouth) include: White patches on tongue and inside of the cheeks Pain Signs of vaginal yeast infection include: White or yellow discharge from the vagina Itching Redness in the external area of the vagina Burning In diagnosing a yeast infection, your doctor will need to take a medical history and do a physical exam.
system: What causes athlete's foot?
output: Athlete's foot is caused by a microscopic fungus that lives on dead tissue of the hair, toenails, and outer skin layers. There are at least four kinds of fungus that can cause athlete's foot. The most common of these fungi is trichophyton rubrum.
system: What are the symptoms of jock itch?
output: Symptoms of jock itch include: Itching, chafing, or burning in the groin or thigh A circular, red, raised rash with elevated edges Redness in the groin or thigh Flaking, peeling, or cracking skin In most cases, jock itch can be diagnosed based on the appearance and location of the rash.
system: What are the different types of fungal infections of the skin?
output: Yeast infections are not contagious.
system: How is athlete's foot diagnosed?
output: Not all itchy, scaly feet have athlete's foot. If the infection doesn't respond to standard treatment for athlete's foot, your doctor may scrape the skin and examine the scales under a microscope to see if you have a different condition.
system: Is ringworm contagious?
output: Ringworm can spread by direct contact with infected people or animals. It also may be spread on clothing or furniture. Heat and humidity may help to spread the infection.
system: What are the different types of athlete's foot?
output: However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. It usually occurs between the two smallest toes. This form of athlete's foot can cause itching, burning, and scaling and the infection can spread to the sole of the foot. Moccasin: A moccasin-type infection of athlete's foot can begin with a minor irritation, dryness, itching, or scaly skin. As it develops, the skin may thicken and crack. This infection can involve the entire sole of the foot and extend onto the sides of the foot. Vesicular: This is the least common kind of athlete's foot. The condition usually begins with a sudden outbreak of fluid-filled blisters under the skin. Most often, the blisters develop on the underside of the foot. However, they also can appear between the toes, on the heel, or on the top of the foot.
system: What is jock itch?
output: Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea. The fungus thrives in warm, moist areas of the body and as a result, infection can affect the genitals, inner thighs, and buttocks. Infections occur more frequently in the summer or in warm, wet climates. Jock itch appears as a red, itchy rash that is often ring-shaped.
system: How is ringworm diagnosed?
output: A doctor can diagnose ringworm based on the appearance of the rash or reported symptoms. He or she will ask about possible exposure to people or animals with ringworm. The doctor may take skin scrapings or samples from the infected area and look at them under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
system: What is athlete's foot?
output: Fungal infections of the skin are very common and include athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and yeast infections. The fungus grows best in a warm, moist environment such as shoes, socks, swimming pools, locker rooms, and the floors of public showers. It is most common in the summer and in warm, humid climates. It occurs more often in people who wear tight shoes, stay in sweaty socks, and who use community baths and pools. However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea.
system: What are the symptoms of ringworm?
output: It is often accompanied by scaly skin. There may be more than one patch of ringworm on the skin, and patches or red rings of rash may overlap. It is possible to have ringworm without having the common red ring of rash.
system: Is jock itch contagious?
output: The condition can be spread from person to person through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying the fungus. Yeast infections are not contagious.
system: How is athlete's foot prevented?
output: Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the foot. Drying the feet thoroughly and using a quality foot powder can also help prevent athlete's foot.
system: What are yeast infections?
output: Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a common skin infection that is caused by a type of fungus called tinea. They occur when yeast on the skin grows more actively and causes a red, scaling, itchy rash on the skin. Yeast infections are not contagious. Yeast infections may affect nearly any skin surface on the body, but are most likely to occur in warm, moist, creased areas including the armpits and the groin. Candida infection is especially common among people who are obese or who have diabetes. People taking antibiotics are also at risk. Candida can cause diaper rash in infants and can cause infections of the nail. Oral thrush is a form of candida infection that is found in the mouth. Candida also causes vaginal yeast infections.
system: How are yeast infections diagnosed?
output: The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and will perform a physical exam. Your doctor may scrape the skin to confirm the diagnosis under a microscope.
system: What are the symptoms of athlete's foot?
output: However, common symptoms include: Peeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet Redness, blisters, or softening and breaking down of the skin Itching, burning, or both Interdigital: Also called toe web infection, this is the most common kind of athlete's foot. The condition can be spread from person to person through direct contact or indirectly from objects carrying the fungus.
system: What is plaque and why is it harmful?
output: Plaque develops when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches), such as milk, soft drinks, raisins, cakes, or candy are frequently left on the teeth. Bacteria that live in the mouth thrive on these foods, producing acids as a result. Over a period of time, these acids destroy tooth enamel, resulting in tooth decay. Plaque can also develop on the tooth roots under the gum and cause breakdown of the bone supporting the tooth.
system: Do I still need the shingles vaccine if I've never had chickenpox?
output: Shingrix is recommended for everyone age 50 and older, whether or not you remember having had chickenpox. If I've had shingles, can I still get the vaccine? Yes.
system: What other prescriptions can treat shingles?
output: If you have severe pain after the rash clears or an infection during your shingles outbreak, your doctor might prescribe: Capsaicin cream: Be careful not to get it in your eyes. A numbing medicine: You might get lidocaine ( Lidoderm, Xylocaine) for pain. It can come in a variety of forms, such as creams, lotions, patches, powders, and sprays, among others. Antibiotics : You might need these medicines if bacteria infect your skin and rashes. But if bacteria aren't involved, then antibiotics won't help. Tricyclic antidepressants : There are many of these medications that might help ease the pain that lingers after your skin has healed, such as amitriptyline, desipramine ( Norpramin), and nortriptyline ( Aventyl, Pamelor). They may also help you with depression, if you have that in addition to shingles. Your doctor can tell you what the risks and benefits are.
system: How are antiviral medications used to treat shingles?
output: They include: These medicines may slow down the progress of the shingles rash, especially if you take them within the first 72 hours of having symptoms. They can also lower your chance of having complications. Your doctor may prescribe: Acyclovir ( Zovirax) Famciclovir ( Famvir) Valacyclovir ( Valtrex) Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about side effects to watch for if you're put on one these.
system: Who shouldn't get the shingles vaccine?
output: Don't get the Shingrix vaccine if: You're allergic to any of the ingredients. You have a weak immune system, either because of a condition or due to certain medicines. You're pregnant or nursing. You have tested negative for immunity to the chicken pox virus. Ask your doctor about the chicken pox vaccine instead. You have shingles now. Also, besides the conditions stated above, do not get the Zostavax vaccine if you have a weakened immune or you may become pregnant within the next 4 weeks following the shot.
system: Should I still get the shingles vaccine if I've already had shingles?
output: It may help prevent you having another bout of shingles later on. If you have shingles right now, you should wait until the rash is gone before you get vaccinated.
system: Is there a vaccine to prevent shingles?
output: There are two shingles vaccines. Shingrix ( RZV) is recommended over the older vaccine, Zostavax, because it is more than 90% effective in preventing a shingles outbreak Who should get it: The CDC recommends that you get this vaccine if you're 50 or older whether or not you remember having had chickenpox, because most people have been exposed to the virus. You would need two shots for Shingrix. One initially, with a follow up in 6 months. What it does: Shingrix reduces your chance of getting shingles by more than 90%. Even if you still get shingles, the vaccine may help it be less painful.
system: What over-the-counter medications can treat shingles?
output: Your doctor may want to put you on medications to control your infection and speed up healing, cut inflammation, and ease your pain. They include: Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen These may also help you stave off postherpetic neuralgia, which is a burning pain that some people get after the rash and blisters of shingles go away. Your doctor can tell you what the risks and benefits are.
system: What are the side effects of the shingles vaccine?
output: If you have had the Zostavax vaccine, you can also have Shingrix. What are the side effects? Don't get the Shingrix vaccine if: You're allergic to any of the ingredients.
system: How can itching be psychological?
output: If your doctor can't find a physical cause, it may be in your mind. Some mental conditions give people the urge to scratch or pick at themselves. They may feel like their skin is crawling with something. There is no rash, but there may be skin damage from scratching. Compulsive scratching can be a sign of: Depression Anxiety Obsessive-compulsive disorder Psychosis Trichotillomania Learn more about skin picking disorder.
system: Can a rash cause my skin to be dry?
output: If you start scratching and find a rash, it's likely the problem is in your skin.
system: Do certain psychological disorders cause itchiness?
output: If your doctor can't find a physical cause, it may be in your mind. Some mental conditions give people the urge to scratch or pick at themselves. They may feel like their skin is crawling with something. There is no rash, but there may be skin damage from scratching. Compulsive scratching can be a sign of: Depression Anxiety Obsessive-compulsive disorder Psychosis Trichotillomania Learn more about skin picking disorder.
system: How can you tell if your skin is dry?
output: If your skin is dry, it will let you know with an itch. It can be especially bad in the winter and in places where the air is dry. As you get older, it becomes even more common.
system: Does pregnancy cause itchiness?
output: Pregnancy: More than 1 in 10 pregnant women say itching is a problem. The reasons range from harmless rashes to more serious conditions.
system: Does hives cause itchiness?
output: Hives: You get them from allergies. They look like raised welts that show up alone or in clusters, and they are usually itchy. Stress, heat, exercise, or exposure to the sun can also bring them out.
system: Do fungal and bacterial infections cause a rash?
output: It can happen because of: Fungal and bacterial infections like impetigo and folliculitis.
system: Does eczema cause a rash?
output: Eczema or atopic dermatitis: It shows up on your skin as dry, scaly patches or a bumpy rash. It isn't clear what causes it, but it's extremely itchy. Kids are more likely to get it if their family has a history of asthma and allergies. Certain food allergies can make it worse.
system: What medications cause itchiness?
output: Medications: Some may make your skin itch, even with no signs of a rash or irritation. Check with your doctor if the itch becomes too uncomfortable. These drugs are known to make you start scratching.
system: What can I do about dry skin?
output: If your skin is dry, it will let you know with an itch. It can be especially bad in the winter and in places where the air is dry. As you get older, it becomes even more common. To ease the itch of dry skin: Use moisturizer after you bathe while your skin is still damp. Drink lots of fluids to stay hydrated. Use a humidifier. Make your shower quick, and don't use very hot water. Use mild soaps.
system: Does contact dermatitis cause a rash?
output: Contact dermatitis: This itchy rash is caused by a reaction to something touching your skin. You may have to do some detective work to figure out where it's coming from. It could be the metals in your jewelry or the chemicals in cosmetics, toiletries, and cleaning products. Poison ivy is also a form of contact dermatitis. Stop using or wearing whatever you think might be the cause and see if the itching gets better.
system: What serious illnesses can itching be a symptom of?
output: Unlikely, but Possible Itchiness usually has a simple, common cause. But in some cases, if it doesn't go away, could be a sign of a serious illness, such as: Kidney disease Liver disease Thyroid problems Certain cancers, particularly Hodgkin's disease Diabetes Iron deficiency HIV You might also start itching after the treatments for some of these illnesses.