laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Who is most likely to catch norovirus?
output: Young children, the elderly, and people who have a weakened immune system are particularly susceptible to catching noroviruses. The spread of the virus can be hard to control because it's contagious before symptoms appear. In other words, you can spread the infection before you know you're sick. â If you get one or two kids in the classroom with it, then it can wipe out the whole class and other classrooms,â says Gaydos. â It's just like at home where if one person gets it, the whole family gets it.â If you come down with a norovirus infection, you'll probably go from feeling completely healthy to absolutely miserable within a day or two after being exposed.
system: What are some other symptoms of norovirus?
output: Other norovirus symptoms include: Low-grade fever Chills Headache Muscle aches Fatigue Most of these symptoms aren't serious, but diarrhea and vomiting can deplete your body of the fluid it needs, and you can become dehydrated. Children and the elderly are most susceptible to dehydration, as well as malnutrition from not getting enough nutrients.
system: What's the treatment for a norovirus infection?
output: No antiviral drug can treat noroviruses, but in healthy people, the illness should go away on its own within a couple of days. Most people don't have any long-term problems from the virus.
system: What causes infection from norovirus?
output: People become infected with noroviruses when they eat or drink contaminated foods and beverages. Raw or undercooked oysters and raw fruits and vegetables have been implicated in some outbreaks. You can also get infected if you touch an object or surface that has been infected with the virus and then touch your nose, mouth, or eyes.
system: What should I know about norovirus?
output: The highly contagious norovirus can tear through cruise ships, classrooms, and other crowded spaces, leaving vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps in its wake. It spreads easily through food and drink and can have a big impact on people's health. The CDC estimates that noroviruses are responsible for more than half of all food-borne disease outbreaks each year.
system: How is a norovirus infection diagnosed?
output: If you have norovirus symptoms, your doctor can give you a stool test to confirm that you have the illness. However, norovirus diagnosis is usually made based only on symptoms.
system: When should I call or visit the doctor for a norovirus infection?
output: â Whenever you're sick, your resistance is down and you have an increased chance that you'll pick up something else.â In most cases, you will get better on your own after 1 to 3 days. Call your doctor's office if you have symptoms after 3 days, Gaydos says. Also, pay attention for symptoms of dehydration, which may also require a doctor's attention. In rare cases, your vomiting could mean something more serious than norovirus. If your vomit is green or yellow, that could be a sign of a bowel obstruction. See a doctor right away.
system: How can noroviruses spread?
output: The highly contagious norovirus can tear through cruise ships, classrooms, and other crowded spaces, leaving vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps in its wake. Once someone is infected from contaminated food, the virus can quickly pass from person to person through shared food or utensils, by shaking hands, or through other close contact. When someone with the virus vomits, the virus can spread through the air and contaminate surfaces. The virus also spreads through feces, meaning that someone who doesn't thoroughly wash his hands after using the bathroom can pass it along. Dirty diapers can also harbor norovirus.
system: How can I prevent norovirus infection?
output: In other words, you can spread the infection before you know you're sick. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the bathroom or changing a baby's diaper, and before you prepare or eat food. Alcohol-based cleansers are not as effective as soap and water. Carefully throw away any contaminated items (such as dirty diapers). Wash raw fruits and vegetables thoroughly. Cook oysters and other shellfish before eating them. Clean and disinfect surfaces with a mixture of detergent and chlorine bleach after someone is sick. Try not to eat food that has been prepared by someone else who is sick.
system: How long is a norovirus infection contagious?
output: Symptoms of dehydration include dizziness when standing, dry mouth, and peeing less. In most cases, you can return to work or school after you have been symptom-free for 48 hours, Gaydos says. Food service workers are generally encouraged to wait 72 hours before they handle food. â I tell parents that if their child still seems tired or not quite right after 48 hours, keep him or her home for another day or two,â he says. â Whenever you're sick, your resistance is down and you have an increased chance that you'll pick up something else.â In most cases, you will get better on your own after 1 to 3 days.
system: How common are noroviruses?
output: Worldwide, noroviruses are thought to be the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (diarrhea and vomiting illness). Deferred(); $(function() { require(['ia-modules/1/ia-modules.min','video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader','webmd.oauth/1/webmd.oauth'], function(ia M, video Loader, oauth){ window.webmd Video Promise.resolve(video Loader, oauth); }); }); On average, noroviruses cause 19 million to 21 million cases of acute gastroenteritis in the U. S. per year, according to the CDC. The norovirus was originally called the Norwalk virus, after the town of Norwalk, OH, where the first confirmed outbreak happened in 1972.
system: Iâm a senior on a fixed income and can't afford regular dental care. Can I get financial aid?
output: If you are a senior on a limited or fixed income and can't afford regular dental care, many dentists offer their services at reduced fees through dental society-sponsored assistance programs. Since aid varies from one community to another, call your local dental society for information about where you can find the nearest assistance programs and low-cost care locations (such as public health clinics and dental school clinics). Also, check your local phone book, the internet, or your local dental society.
system: What things will a dentist check during a dental exam for a senior?
output: Questions asked during a dental history should include: The approximate date of your last dental visit and reason for the visit If you have noticed any recent changes in your mouth If you have noticed any loose or sensitive teeth If you have noticed any difficulty tasting, chewing, or swallowing If you have any pain, discomfort, sores, or bleeding in your mouth If you have noticed any lumps, bumps, or swellings in your mouth During an oral exam, your dentist will check the following: your face and neck (for skin discoloration, moles, sores); your bite (for any problems in how the teeth come together while opening and closing your mouth); your jaw (for signs of clicking and popping in the temporomandibular joint); your lymph nodes and salivary glands (for any sign of swelling or lumps); your inner cheeks (for infections, ulcers, traumatic injuries); your tongue and other interior surfaces -- floor of the mouth, soft and hard palate, gum tissue (for signs of infection or oral cancer); and your teeth (for decay, condition of fillings, and cracks).
system: Besides age, what things can affect seniorsâ dental health?
output: However, certain medical conditions, such as arthritis in the hands and fingers, may make brushing or flossing teeth difficult to impossible to perform. Drugs can also affect oral health and may make a change in your dental treatment necessary.
system: What things will a dentist ask seniors during a dental exam?
output: If you're a senior headed for a check up, your dentist should conduct a thorough history and dental exam. Questions asked during a dental history should include: The approximate date of your last dental visit and reason for the visit If you have noticed any recent changes in your mouth If you have noticed any loose or sensitive teeth If you have noticed any difficulty tasting, chewing, or swallowing If you have any pain, discomfort, sores, or bleeding in your mouth If you have noticed any lumps, bumps, or swellings in your mouth During an oral exam, your dentist will check the following: your face and neck (for skin discoloration, moles, sores); your bite (for any problems in how the teeth come together while opening and closing your mouth); your jaw (for signs of clicking and popping in the temporomandibular joint); your lymph nodes and salivary glands (for any sign of swelling or lumps); your inner cheeks (for infections, ulcers, traumatic injuries); your tongue and other interior surfaces -- floor of the mouth, soft and hard palate, gum tissue (for signs of infection or oral cancer); and your teeth (for decay, condition of fillings, and cracks). If you wear dentures or other appliances, your dentist will ask a few questions about when you wear your dentures and when you take them out (if removable).
system: What problems with the teeth and gums are known to affect seniors?
output: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Root decay . Roots do not have any enamel to protect them and are more prone to decay than the crown part of the tooth. Gum disease. Caused by plaque and made worse by food left in teeth, use of tobacco products, poor-fitting bridges and dentures, poor diets, and certain diseases, such as anemia, cancer, and diabetes, this is often a problem for older adults. Tooth loss .
system: What is denture-induced stomatitis, and how does it affect seniors?
output: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . This allows the rest of the teeth to drift and shift into open spaces Denture-induced stomatitis . Ill-fitting dentures, poor dental hygiene, or a buildup of the fungus Candida albicans cause this condition, which is inflammation of the tissue underlying a denture.
system: How and why does an uneven jawbone affect seniors?
output: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Uneven jawbone . This is caused by tooth and then not replacing missing teeth. This allows the rest of the teeth to drift and shift into open spaces Denture-induced stomatitis .
system: How and why does a decline in the sense of taste affect seniors?
output: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Diminished sense of taste . While advancing age impairs the sense of taste, diseases, medications, and dentures can also contribute to this sensory loss.
system: How and why does dry mouth affect seniors?
output: Advancing age puts many seniors at risk for a number of oral health problems, such as: Darkened teeth . Dry mouth. Caused by reduced saliva flow, which can be a result of cancer treatments that use radiation to the head and neck area, as well as certain diseases, such as SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, and medication side effects.
system: Are premature babies at risk for eye problems?
output: Complications: Children who've had ROP are more likely to get other problems later on: Myopia (nearsightedness) Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) Amblyopia (lazy eye) Glaucoma Retinal detachment Your child will need regular eye exams by a specialist as often as he recommends.
system: What vision problems could children with retinopathy of prematurity have?
output: Complications: Children who've had ROP are more likely to get other problems later on: Myopia (nearsightedness) Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) Amblyopia (lazy eye) Glaucoma Retinal detachment Your child will need regular eye exams by a specialist as often as he recommends. If the doctor catches them early on, he can treat most of these conditions without any vision loss.
system: How is retinopathy of prematurity treated?
output: Medications placed inside the eye. Studies are ongoing to see if the medications that treat adult age-related macular degeneration can be used. Early treatment can help preserve central vision, which lets your child see straight ahead, read, see colors, and drive. Some of these procedures can lead to a loss of side vision.
system: What vision problems could babies with strabismus have?
output: Complications: Because the eyes focus in two different areas, the brain receives two different images. To make up for this, your baby's brain ignores the image from the crossed eye and processes only the image from the stronger eye. This can affect her depth perception. It can also lead to amblyopia, or lazy eye. This happens when the crossed eye doesn't develop good eyesight or even loses vision. About one-third of children with strabismus get amblyopia.
system: What is retinopathy of prematurity?
output: It usually affects both eyes and is the main reason children have vision loss. Babies who weigh about 2 ¾ pounds and are born earlier than 31 weeks are most likely to get it. Fortunately, most will have a mild case and won't need treatment. More severe forms can cause vision loss and even blindness if you don't take care of them. ROP causes blood vessels in the eye to grow abnormally and spread through the retina. These new blood vessels are fragile, and they leak blood into the eye. Scar tissue can form and pull the retina away from the back of the eye, causing vision loss. Treatment: The disease has five stages. Infantile esotropia is a type that affects premature babies.
system: How are babies treated for strabismus?
output: He'll block the stronger eye so her brain sees only images from the weaker one. He might use an eyepatch or drops that blur vision. This will strengthen her crossed eye and help her see better. Once her vision is stable, the doctor may do surgery to repair muscles around her eye. But her eyes will be better in the long run if she gets treatment before age 2. Even after surgery, she may still need glasses. Because strabismus can return, stick to the regular eye exam schedule her doctor recommends.
system: What are some long-acting bronchodilator asthma inhalers available in the United States?
output: Advair, Dulera, and Symbicort (a combination of a long-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator and an inhaled steroid) Salmeterol ( Serevent) Formoterol ( Foradil) Formoterol solution for nebulizers ( Perforomist) Long-acting beta-agonist bronchodilators raise the risk of death from asthma and should only be used as additional treatment for people who are using an inhaled steroid.
system: What is a bronchodilator?
output: Almost all people with asthma use a bronchodilator to help open their airways. Short-acting bronchodilators are used as a "quick relief" or "rescue inhalers", while long-acting bronchodilators can be used every day to control asthma -- along with an inhaled steroid.
system: What are the risks of using long-acting bronchodilator asthma inhalers?
output: Advair, Dulera, and Symbicort (a combination of a long-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator and an inhaled steroid) Salmeterol ( Serevent) Formoterol ( Foradil) Formoterol solution for nebulizers ( Perforomist) Long-acting beta-agonist bronchodilators raise the risk of death from asthma and should only be used as additional treatment for people who are using an inhaled steroid. For details, talk to your doctor and see the drugs' black-box warning.
system: What should I keep in mind when using bronchodilators?
output: And keep in mind that not only is smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke especially dangerous when you have asthma, it can also interfere with how your body responds to the medication. So it's best to avoid smoke and cigarette smoking.
system: What are the side effects of using theophylline as a bronchodilator?
output: Side effects of theophylline include: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Stomachache Headache Rapid or irregular heartbeat Muscle cramps Jittery or nervous feeling Hyperactivity These side effects may also be a sign that you've taken too much medication. Your doctor will check levels of the drug in your blood to make sure you're getting the proper amount.
system: How do anticholinergic bronchodilators work?
output: Bronchodilators can have side effects such as: Nervous or shaky feeling Higher heart rate or palpitations Upset stomach Trouble sleeping Muscle aches or cramps Anticholinergics are bronchodilators mainly used for treating COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, like emphysema) and asthma. Atrovent treats COPD and can be used off-label to treat asthma flares. You can get it as an inhaler and a nebulizer solution. Dry throat is the most common side effect. If the medication gets in your eyes, it can cause blurred vision for a short time. Tiotropium bromide ( Spiriva Respimat) is for people who have either asthma or COPD. It comes in an inhaler. Anyone over 6 can may use this medication once daily as a long-term asthma treatment. It's used for COPD flares and long-term treatment if inhaled bronchodilators don't help.
system: What are the types of bronchodilators for asthma?
output: For treating asthma symptoms, there are three types of bronchodilators: beta-agonists, anticholinergics, and theophylline. You can get these bronchodilators as tablets, liquids, and shots, but the preferred way to take beta-agonists and anticholinergics is inhaling them.
system: What are the risks of using theophylline as a bronchodilator?
output: Always tell your doctors if you take theophylline for asthma because certain medications, like some antibiotics, seizure medicines, and ulcer medicines, can interact with it. Make sure your doctor knows about any other medical conditions you may have.
system: What are long-acting bronchodilators?
output: Short-acting bronchodilators are used as a "quick relief" or "rescue inhalers", while long-acting bronchodilators can be used every day to control asthma -- along with an inhaled steroid. They should only be used with inhaled steroids for long-term control of asthma symptoms. You'll take a long-acting bronchodilator twice a day.
system: How do I know if I have keratitis?
output: Symptoms to look out for: Severe pain Blurred vision Tearing Redness Extreme sensitivity to light Discharge Treatment usually includes antibiotic or antifungal eyedrops. Some people need antiviral drugs and steroid eyedrops.
system: How is the cornea structured?
output: To understand potential problems, it helps to know the parts of the cornea. Is has three main layers: Epithelium. The outermost layer. It stops outside matter from getting into your eye. It also absorbs oxygen and nutrients from tears. Stroma. The middle and thickest layer lies behind the epithelium. It's made up mostly of water and proteins that give it an elastic but solid form. Endothelium. This is a single layer of cells on the very back of the stroma. The aqueous humor, a clear fluid in the front chamber of your eye, is in constant contact with this layer. It works like a pump. The stroma absorbs excess liquid and the endothelium pulls it out. Without this function, the stroma would become waterlogged. Your cornea would get opaque and hazy, and so would your vision.
system: What conditions can cause damage to the cornea?
output: Keratitis: This inflammation sometimes occurs after viruses, bacteria, or fungi get into the cornea. They can get in after an injury and cause infection, inflammation, and ulcers. If your contact lenses cause an eye injury, that, too, can lead to keratitis.
system: What are symptoms of corneal problems?
output: Your cornea usually heals itself after most minor injuries or infections. But during the healing process, you might notice symptoms like: Pain Blurred vision Tearing Redness Extreme sensitivity to light These symptoms also come with other eye problems, so they may signal a more serious issue that requires special treatment. If you have them, go to your eye doctor.
system: How do you get keratoconus?
output: Causes include: Genetics (you can inherit a tendency for the condition from a parent) Eye trauma (from rubbing your eyes a lot) Eye diseases like retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, along with Down syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, Addison's disease, Leber's congenital amaurosis, and Ehlers- Danlos syndrome are associated with keratoconus.
system: Can you prevent genetic corneal diseases?
output: But you can hang onto your vision if you find and treat them early.
system: How are cornea problems caused by Fuch's dystrophy treated?
output: Treatment includes: Eyedrops/ointments Drying your swollen cornea with a hair dryer (at arm's length) two or three times a day Corneal transplant (full or partial) Lattice dystrophy: This is abnormal protein fibers in the stroma.
system: What can happen if your cornea is damaged?
output: If your cornea is damaged by disease, infection, or an injury, the resulting scars can affect your vision. They might block or distort light as it enters your eye.
system: How is corneal damage caused by keratitis treated?
output: Symptoms to look out for: Severe pain Blurred vision Tearing Redness Extreme sensitivity to light Discharge Treatment usually includes antibiotic or antifungal eyedrops. Some people need antiviral drugs and steroid eyedrops.
system: How does ocular herpes (herpes of the eye) damage your cornea?
output: Ocular Herpes ( Herpes of the Eye): Like fever blisters, this viral infection can come back again and again. The main cause is the herpes simplex virus I ( HSV I), the same one that leads to cold sores. It can also result from the sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus II ( HSV II) that causes genital herpes. This condition creates sores on the cornea. Over time, the inflammation can spread deeper into your cornea and eye.
system: How can herpes zoster (shingles) affect my cornea?
output: Herpes Zoster ( Shingles): You can only get it if you had chickenpox. The itchy illness goes away, but the virus that causes it doesn't leave your body. It stays in your nerves, but it isn't active. Later in life, it can travel down those nerves and infect specific body parts like your eye. A shingles rash on the face can cause sores on your cornea. They usually heal by themselves, but antiviral medication and topical steroid eyedrops can ease inflammation.
system: What causes cornea problems related to keratoconus?
output: Causes include: Genetics (you can inherit a tendency for the condition from a parent) Eye trauma (from rubbing your eyes a lot) Eye diseases like retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, along with Down syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, Addison's disease, Leber's congenital amaurosis, and Ehlers- Danlos syndrome are associated with keratoconus.
system: What does corneal disease mean?
output: The term corneal disease refers to many conditions that affect this part of your eye. These include infections, tissue breakdown, and other disorders you get from your parents. Your cornea usually heals itself after most minor injuries or infections.
system: How are cornea problems diagnosed?
output: If you have them, go to your eye doctor.
system: How are cornea problems caused by map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy treated?
output: You may also notice: Moderate to severe pain Increased sensitivity to light Excessive tearing A feeling that something is in your eye Treatments include an eye patch, a soft contact lens "bandage," eyedrops, ointments, "tacking it down," or removing the loose layer. This is a minor procedure your doctor can do in her office.
system: Who can get Fuchs' dystrophy?
output: Signs of the disease may appear in your 30s or 40s, but it takes about 20 years for it to affect your vision. Women get it more often than men.
system: What are symptoms of corneal damage caused by keratitis?
output: Symptoms to look out for: Severe pain Blurred vision Tearing Redness Extreme sensitivity to light Discharge Treatment usually includes antibiotic or antifungal eyedrops.