laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What tests are used to diagnose juvenile X-linked retinoschisis?
output: Diagnosis Your eye doctor will look for splits or tears in your retina. Tests for juvenile X-linked retinoschisis include: Optical coherence tomography ( OCT): Light waves make pictures of the retina. Ultrasound : Sound waves create pictures of the eyes. This can show bleeding in the eye. Electroretinogram ( ERG): This measures electrical activity in the retina. A special sensor is placed in each eye. While you look at a flashing light, the doctor will see how your retinas respond. Gene tests: Theselook for the RS1 gene that causes juvenile X-linked retinoschisis. People with juvenile retinoschisis should get regular eye exams to check for vision loss.
system: How is degenerative (senile) retinoschisis diagnosed?
output: Diagnosis Tests your eye doctor might recommend include: Visual acuity test to check how well you can focus Field of vision test to measure your central and side vision Ophthalmoscopy to look at the back of your eye, including the retina Slit lamp exam to get a large, three-dimensional (3- D) view of the different parts of your eye Treatment People with degenerative retinoschisis usually don't need treatment.
system: What causes degenerative (senile) retinoschisis?
output: Causes SR isn't caused by a problem gene, and it's not passed down through families. Doctors don't know exactly why the retina becomes damaged as some people get older.
system: What is degenerative (senile) retinoschisis?
output: This form, sometimes called SR, usually affects men and women in their 50s to 70s, but it can start earlier in life. It's not as serious as the juvenile form and rarely causes vision loss.
system: What are the causes of senile retinoschisis?
output: Causes SR isn't caused by a problem gene, and it's not passed down through families. Doctors don't know exactly why the retina becomes damaged as some people get older.
system: What is the treatment for senile retinoschisis?
output: Diagnosis Tests your eye doctor might recommend include: Visual acuity test to check how well you can focus Field of vision test to measure your central and side vision Ophthalmoscopy to look at the back of your eye, including the retina Slit lamp exam to get a large, three-dimensional (3- D) view of the different parts of your eye Treatment People with degenerative retinoschisis usually don't need treatment. See your eye doctor for regular checkups to make sure you don't have any vision loss. If the retina detaches, your doctor will treat it with surgery.
system: How does the cabbage soup diet affect certain conditions?
output: Because it includes so few carbs, this diet could wreak havoc with any diabetes treatment plan. Salt is not addressed on the plan, so if you've been told to cut back on the sodium, you'll have to hold back on using the salt shaker and bouillon when making the soup or cooking your food. Since you'll likely regain any weight that you lose, the diet won't have a lasting positive impact on heart disease, cholesterol, or high blood pressure.
system: How effective is the cabbage soup diet?
output: This is strictly a lose-weight quick scheme. You'll likely get less than 1,000 calories a day on the limited menu. That's far fewer than the 2,000 daily calories recommended for most adults. Since you're getting so few calories, the pounds come off quickly, but mostly you'll lose water weight. And chances are, you'll gain it all back as soon as you start eating a normal diet again. Health experts don't recommend following very low-calorie diets unless you're under a doctor's care. A better bet is to aim to lose 1 to 2 pounds each week on a healthy, well-balanced diet.
system: How much does the cabbage soup diet cost?
output: Cost: The only cost is for the ingredients, which you buy yourself. Some websites promoting the diet say you should take a supplement to make up for the nutrients you'll be missing from food.
system: What do you need to know about the cabbage soup diet?
output: But before you stock up on cabbage, know that this crash diet won't help you in the long run, and it doesn't give your body the nutrients it needs to stay healthy. A better bet is to aim to lose 1 to 2 pounds each week on a healthy, well-balanced diet. And if you follow the Cabbage Soup Diet for more than a week, you could run short on key nutrients.
system: What are some drawbacks of the cabbage soup diet?
output: Limitations: Your menu options are severely limited on this diet. It gets very boring, very quickly. If you want to try it again, it's recommended that you wait 2 weeks first. You will need to make the cabbage soup and cook some of the vegetables recommended in the plan. Exercise: The cabbage soup diet doesn't include exercise, and working out at high levels isn't a great idea on such a low-calorie diet. Your body just won't have enough gas in the tank for exercise.
system: What does the A1c blood test do?
output: An A1 C test is a blood test that estimates average glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months. Periodic A1 C testing may be advised to see how well diet, exercise, and medications are working to control blood sugar and prevent organ damage.
system: Is type 2 more or less aggressive than type 1 diabetes?
output: Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke.
system: How do people with type 1 diabetes take insulin?
output: Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, which needs to be injected through the skin into the fatty tissue below. The methods of injecting insulin include: Syringes Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen A periodic test called the A1 C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months.
system: What risks to the mother are caused by gestational diabetes?
output: Risks to the mother include needing a cesarean section due to an overly large baby, as well as damage to heart, kidney, nerves, and eye.
system: What causes a lack of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes?
output: With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.
system: Is type 2 diabetes curable?
output: But even then, there is not enough insulin to keep sugars normal. There is no cure for diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can, however, be controlled with weight management, nutrition, and exercise. Unfortunately, type 2 diabetes tends to progress, and diabetes medications are often needed.
system: What lifestyle changes are necessary for people with type 1 diabetes?
output: Having type 1 diabetes does require significant lifestyle changes that include: Frequent testing of your blood sugar levels Careful meal planning Daily exercise Taking insulin and other medications as needed People with type 1 diabetes can lead long, active lives if they carefully monitor their glucose, make the needed lifestyle changes, and adhere to the treatment plan.
system: What risks to the unborn baby are caused by gestational diabetes?
output: With gestational diabetes, risks to the unborn baby are even greater than risks to the mother. Risks to the baby include abnormal weight gain before birth, breathing problems at birth, and higher obesity and diabetes risk later in life.
system: What is an A1c test for type 2 diabetes?
output: An A1 C test is a blood test that estimates average glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months. Periodic A1 C testing may be advised to see how well diet, exercise, and medications are working to control blood sugar and prevent organ damage. The A1 C test is typically done a few times a year.
system: What is the treatment for gestational diabetes?
output: Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and: Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories Daily exercise Controlling pregnancy weight gain Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed A few rare kinds of diabetes can result from specific conditions.
system: What causes type 2 diabetes?
output: This type of diabetes may be caused by a genetic predisposition. It could also be the result of faulty beta cells in the pancreas that normally produce insulin.
system: What specific types of diabetes exist other than type 1, type 2, and gestational?
output: Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and: Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories Daily exercise Controlling pregnancy weight gain Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed A few rare kinds of diabetes can result from specific conditions. For example, diseases of the pancreas, certain surgeries and medications, or infections can cause diabetes. These types of diabetes account for only 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes.
system: Is gestational diabetes common?
output: According to the National Institutes of Health, the reported rate of gestational diabetes is between 2% to 10% of pregnancies.
system: What are other forms of diabetes?
output: Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and: Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories Daily exercise Controlling pregnancy weight gain Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed A few rare kinds of diabetes can result from specific conditions. For example, diseases of the pancreas, certain surgeries and medications, or infections can cause diabetes. These types of diabetes account for only 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes.
system: How can you treat type 1 diabetes?
output: Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, which needs to be injected through the skin into the fatty tissue below. The methods of injecting insulin include: Syringes Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen A periodic test called the A1 C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months.
system: How can you treat gestational diabetes?
output: Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and: Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories Daily exercise Controlling pregnancy weight gain Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed A few rare kinds of diabetes can result from specific conditions.
system: What lifestyle changes are required if you have type 1 diabetes?
output: Having type 1 diabetes does require significant lifestyle changes that include: Frequent testing of your blood sugar levels Careful meal planning Daily exercise Taking insulin and other medications as needed People with type 1 diabetes can lead long, active lives if they carefully monitor their glucose, make the needed lifestyle changes, and adhere to the treatment plan.
system: What happens to your body if you have type 2 diabetes?
output: With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.
system: What is diabetes and what are the different types?
output: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1.
system: What is the result of diabetes?
output: Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke. Because high blood sugar levels in a mother are circulated through the placenta to the baby, gestational diabetes must be controlled to protect the baby's growth and development.
system: What medical risks are associated with type 1 diabetes?
output: Many of them stem from damage to the tiny blood vessels in your eyes (called diabetic retinopathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), and kidneys (diabetic nephropathy). Even more serious is the increased risk of heart disease and stroke. With gestational diabetes, risks to the unborn baby are even greater than risks to the mother.
system: What do all types of diabetes have in common?
output: In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. The methods of injecting insulin include: Syringes Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen A periodic test called the A1 C blood test estimates glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months.
system: What are other names for type 2 diabetes?
output: It used to be called juvenile-onset diabetes, because it often begins in childhood. Type 2 diabetes was also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
system: Who is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes?
output: Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obese and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. Obese people have insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, the pancreas has to work overly hard to produce more insulin. But even then, there is not enough insulin to keep sugars normal.
system: Does gestational diabetes lead to other types of diabetes after pregnancy?
output: Diabetes that's triggered by pregnancy is called gestational diabetes (pregnancy, to some degree, leads to insulin resistance). Having gestational diabetes does, however, put mothers at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Up to 10% of women with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes. It can occur anywhere from a few weeks after delivery to months or years later.
system: What do all types of diabetes mellitus have in common?
output: But either the amount made isn't enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells resist it. In people with type 1 diabetes, the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. These types of diabetes account for only 1% to 5% of all cases of diabetes.
system: What is diabetes mellitus?
output: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1.
system: How does the body fight free radicals to prevent cancer?
output: Antioxidants work by bolstering the body's defenses against potentially dangerous substances called free radicals. However antioxidants, such as selenium and beta-carotene, may help reinforce this protection. However, in clinical trials, neither of these agents has been shown to reduce cancer development. Studies have shown that antioxidants are best taken as foods as opposed to supplements. Some examples of antioxidants are carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein. Foods that are good sources of antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and certain types of tea.
system: What has been shown about changing the ingredients of vision supplements for eye health?
output: This study sought to see if adding other vitamins and mineral to the supplement would improve results of the AREDS. The first addition was omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil), and the second was a combination of two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, which are found in leafy green vegetables and highly colored fruits and vegetables. The research showed: Beta-carotene did not lower the risk of progression of AMD. Adding omega-3 to the AREDS formula did not lower the risk of progression of AMD. The AREDS formula was still found to be protective with less zinc added. People who took a formula with lutein and zeaxanthin (and who may not have been taking enough in their diet) showed further improvement with the new AREDS formula. In general, people who took lutein and zeaxanthin instead of beta-carotene had more of a benefit. This supplement regimen, however, was not shown to prevent the onset of AMD, slow its progression in early stages, or improve vision already lost. If you or someone you care about has AMD in one of the two categories listed, an eye doctor may recommend taking a vision supplement.
system: What has been shown to contribute to chronic dry eye syndrome in vision supplements for healthy eyes?
output: In another example, studies have shown that deficiencies of antioxidants contribute to the development of chronic dry eye syndrome. Nutritional supplements containing the essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 are available to help restore and maintain tear formation and eye lubrication. Again, check with your doctor first.
system: What are good multivitamins and vitamin supplements to help my vision?
output: Lutein: None Calcium: 1000 mg- men and women : 1200 mg- women over 51 and men over 71 Thiamin: men - 1.2 mg, women - 1.1 mg. (1.4 mg if pregnant or nursing) Folic acid: Adult: 400 mcg Dietary Folate Equivalents (600 mcg DFE is pregnant, 500 mcg DFE if breat feeding) Omega-3 essential fatty acids (including flaxseed oil): None; but for cardiovascular benefits, the American Heart Association recommends approximately 1,000 mg daily.
system: What can you do to protect your eye health and eyesight using vision supplements?
output: Important: Your doctor is your first resource for information about your health. Regardless of dosage, supplements are not a cure for health problems or a substitute for medication your doctor has recommended. Always check with your doctor before beginning to take any dietary supplement, including vision supplements.
system: Should I pay attention to the labels when I buy food?
output: As with any prepared food you buy, read the labels on supplements to be sure you're getting what you want. Here are some tips: Be sure the product you buy is fresh: Check expiration dates. The bottle should be sealed for your protection. If it isn't, or if the seal is broken, don't buy it. Look for a reputable manufacturer as quality can vary widely. If you're prone to stomach upset, capsules may be a better choice than tablets, which are harder for your system to absorb. Avoid supplements containing fillers, ingredients used to bulk up products so they "look like more." These include wheat, corn, and dairy products, which could cause digestive or allergic problems for some people. If fish oil is listed as a source of omega-3 essential fatty acids, the label should state that it has been produced in a manner that eliminates contaminants, particularly mercury. The FDA does regulate dietary supplements, but treats them like food rather than medications; unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them. The FDA can get a supplement removed from the market, though. And supplement manufacturers must maintain certain standards (called GMP) that are similar to those for pharmaceutical makers.
system: What are the grades of prostate cancer?
output: Grade 1. The cancerous tissue looks very much like normal prostate cells. Grades 2 to 4. Some cells do look like normal prostate cells, others do not. Patterns of cells in these grades vary. Grade 5. The cells appear abnormal and do not look like normal prostate cells. They appear to be scattered haphazardly throughout the prostate.
system: What is grading in prostate cancer?
output: The grade refers to the cancer's appearance and indicates how quickly a cancer is growing. Most pathologists assign a grade from 1 to 5 based on how the cancerous cells look compared to normal prostate cells. There is a 30% to 50% likelihood of finding prostate cancer in a later biopsy when high-grade PIN is initially discovered.
system: What do other test results in prostate cancer mean?
output: The cancerous tissue looks very much like normal prostate cells. These results are often reported as "suspicious" and fall into one of two categories, either atypical or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN). PIN is often further divided into low grade and high grade. The significance of low-grade PIN in relation to prostate cancer remains unclear. Many men have it when they are young and never develop prostate cancer. Biopsy results that fall into either atypical or high-grade PIN are suspicious for the presence of prostate cancer in another portion of the gland. There is a 30% to 50% likelihood of finding prostate cancer in a later biopsy when high-grade PIN is initially discovered. For this reason, repeat biopsies are generally recommended.
system: If you have diverticulitis, when should you call your doctor?
output: The symptoms of diverticulitis are: Severe abdominal pain and cramping that is usually worse on the left side and increases when the area is touched Nausea Chills or fever Bloating Constipation, thin stools, or diarrhea Rectal bleeding (rare) You have a fever, chills, abdominal swelling, or are vomiting. You have blood in your stool. Your abdomen becomes rigid and you experience pain when you move; you could have peritonitis, an infection of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. If you continue to have severe pain, despite treatment, you may need further evaluation. Call your doctor.
system: How can I treat insect stings or bites?
output: To treat insect stings or bites: For a severe allergic reaction, use an epinephrine shot if you have it, and call 911 immediately. Always carry two doses with you if you're at risk for a severe allergic reaction. For mild reactions, apply ice to the bite area to ease the swelling. If you got stung, remove the stinger. Try a pain reliever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Use a topical cream like hydrocortisone to ease pain and itching. Calamine creams also help. Use oral antihistamines for itching.
system: How are summer allergies diagnosed?
output: They're pretty much the same as those that troubled you in the spring: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under your eyes Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and allergy history. He may suggest treatments. Or he might refer you to doctor who specializes in treating allergies for a skin test. This allergist will expose a small spot on your arm or back to a tiny sample of allergen. If you react, a small red bump will form. A blood test can also diagnose allergies.
system: How can I avoid my summer allergy triggers?
output: Stay inside when the pollen count and smog levels are high. Keep your doors and windows closed. Run your air conditioner to keep allergens out. Use an air purifier. Clean air filters in your home often. Also clean bookshelves, vents, and other places where pollen collects. Wash bedding and rugs in hot water to get rid of dust mites and other allergens. Wash your hair, shower, and change your clothes after you go outside. Vacuum often and wear a mask. The process can kick up pollen, mold, and dust trapped in your carpet. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter. Wear a mask when you mow your lawn to avoid grass pollen.