laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How do I know if gastrointestinal-stromal tumor cancer will return after treatment?
output: It's difficult to predict if GIST cancer will return. Based on tumor size and how fast it is growing, the tumor will be categorized as low, intermediate, or high risk. The location of the primary tumor also plays a role in the risk of tumor recurrence. Tumors in the stomach are less aggressive than tumors that develop elsewhere in the GI tract.
system: What causes gastrointestinal-stromal tumors?
output: GIST is caused by a genetic mutation, an error in the normal order of genes. In most cases, the mutation is to a gene that directs the cells to make a protein (called KIT or CD117) that causes the cells to grow and divide. In this case, the gene mutation causes the ICC cells to grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, leading to a tumor. Risk factors for GIST include certain inherited gene mutations.
system: What factors determine the stage of gastrointestinal-stromal tumors?
output: Doctors use staging to determine the extent of a malignancy. These three factors determine staging: The size and location of the tumor Whether or not cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other organs How fast the cells are growing The chart below shows how letters and numbers are used to identify your cancer stage.
system: What specialists should I see for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor?
output: Because GIST is rare and can be unpredictable, choosing the correct doctor is an important decision. There are a limited number of doctors and medical centers experienced in treating GIST. Talk to your doctor about finding a doctor who is skilled in GIST treatment. In most cases, a team of experts is assembled to treat you. These medical experts include: A cancer specialist (oncologist) A doctor specializing in treatment of the GI tract (gastroenterologist) A surgeon Take an active role in your treatment and work closely with the medical team.
system: Which drinks help keep your mouth healthy?
output: The best food choices for the health of your mouth include cheeses, chicken or other meats, nuts, and milk.
system: Which foods are bad for your mouth?
output: Poor food choices include candy -- such as lollipops, hard candies, and mints -- cookies, cakes, pies, breads, muffins, potato chips, pretzels, french fries, bananas, raisins, and other dried fruits. These foods contain large amounts of sugar and/or can stick to teeth, providing a fuel source for bacteria.
system: What are some basic tips for teeth and gum care?
output: Use a fluoride-containing toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Use a mouth rinse daily. Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings -- typically twice a year. Eat a variety of foods to maintain overall health. Eat fewer foods containing sugars and starches between meals.
system: Which foods help keep your mouth healthy?
output: The best food choices for the health of your mouth include cheeses, chicken or other meats, nuts, and milk. These foods are thought to protect tooth enamel by providing the calcium and phosphorus needed to remineralize teeth (a natural process by which minerals are redeposited in tooth enamel after being removed by acids). For those people that are lactose intolerant and cannot ingest milk products, green vegetables such as broccoli and spinach are high in calcium. Other food choices include firm/crunchy fruits (for example, apples and pears) and vegetables.
system: When should I call the doctor about nocturnal back pain?
output: Other "red flags" include: Back pain that spreads down one or both legs Weakness, numbness, or tingling in legs New problems with bowel or bladder control Pain or throbbing in your abdomen Fever Spots warm to the touch Unexplained weight loss History of cancer History of a suppressed immune system History of trauma If one or more of these symptoms accompanies back pain -- especially if you have a history of cancer -- see your doctor right away. It's also important to call the doctor if your back pain is the result of a recent injury. It's important to note that it's rare that nighttime back pain is caused by a tumor, infection, or AS.
system: What is nighttime back pain?
output: The majority of people with back pain are able to adjust how they sleep to get relief from the pain they experience during the day. But with nighttime back pain -- also called nocturnal back pain -- the hurting doesn't stop when a person lies down, no matter what adjustments he or she makes. For some, the pain actually gets worse. But then at night, he or she might find it nearly impossible to get a full night's sleep.
system: What should I know about nighttime back pain?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } In the U. S., up to 80% of the population experiences some form of low back pain at some time in their lives. It's the second most common reason people see their doctor. But as debilitating as back pain can be, most instances of it are manageable, and people who get adequate rest and proper exercise often see improvement within a matter of weeks. With nighttime back pain, however, people can't get the rest they need because they can't get relief from their pain. It could be a primary tumor, one that originates in the spine, or it could be a metastatic tumor, one that results from cancer that started elsewhere in the body and then spread to the spine.
system: How can I avoid germs at the park?
output: Steer clear of sandboxes. They attract cats and other animals. Cat droppings can carry bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Keep away from stray dogs. Up to 20% of dog bites lead to infection. Dog droppings can carry bacteria and parasites like hookworms. Avoid any wild animals, such as raccoons, squirrels, or prairie dogs. They can carry germs that lead to infections. Have your child wash his hands after the visit.
system: How can I keep my child away from germs at the petting zoo?
output: Taking your toddler to a petting zoo or the county fair animal exhibit can be fun and educational. Besides supervising your children, here are some tips to reduce your child's exposure to germs around the animals. Find the hand washing stations as soon as you get there. And make liberal use of the sanitizer dispensers. Don't take food or drink in with the animals. Leave strollers, pacifiers, and cups outside, too. Don't let an animal lick your child. Wash your toddler's hands when you leave, even if he didn't pet an animal. Don't try samples of raw, unpasteurized milk.
system: How can I keep my child from getting infections from our cat?
output: Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Keep your child away from the litter box. If your child is old enough to change the litter box, teach proper habits and ensure good hand washing after the chore. Pick a spot in the house besides the bedroom for the cats to sleep. Most pediatricians suggest that you don't sleep with your cats. Don't let the cat lick your child's face or skin, especially open wounds. Teach your child to wash her hands after petting the cats.
system: How do keep my child from getting germs from our dog?
output: Teach your child to respect the dog by not pulling his hair or hitting him. If the dog gets upset and nips or bites, germs in his saliva can cause a potentially serious skin infection. But dry dog foods, dog treats, and the water bowl can carry germs. Put them where your child can't reach or have him wash his hands after handling them. Don't feed the dog in the kitchen. Be sure your toddler doesn't grab the dog's toys and put them in his mouth. Get the dog his own bed. Teach your child to wash his hands after petting the dog.
system: What will a doctor need to know before diagnosing ADHD?
output: The tests include: A medical and social history of both the child and the family.
system: How often should dosage of stimulant medication for ADHD be monitored?
output: A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects.
system: What physical examinations will be done before an ADHD diagnosis?
output: A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision , hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if there is a possibility that hyperactivity is related to some other physical problem.
system: What are the more serious side effects of stimulant medication for ADHD?
output: However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.
system: What are lifestyle tips for the treatment of ADHD?
output: These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Organizations include Children and Adults with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ( CHADD). Boost your child's self-esteem. Because a child with ADHD may have difficulty processing directions and other information, he or she is apt to be bombarded with corrections, leaving him with a low opinion of himself. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Now, get dressed. "), instead of general (" Get ready for school."). Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Don't let homework or screen time monopolize all of your child's time after school. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization.
system: What tests are used to diagnose ADHD?
output: The tests include: A medical and social history of both the child and the family. A physical exam and neurological assessment that includes screenings of vision , hearing, and verbal and motor skills. More tests may be given if there is a possibility that hyperactivity is related to some other physical problem. An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These evaluations are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age. A scan, called the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The most effective treatment for ADHD is thought to be a combination of medication and psychological and behavioral therapies.
system: What other drugs are used to treat ADHD?
output: In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others.
system: How is ADHD diagnosed?
output: There is no single test for ADHD. Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. The doctor will also gather information about any similar problems that run in the family and consider all possible causes.
system: How is psychological therapy used to treat ADHD?
output: Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. It can be quite effective, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn techniques to help the child's behavior. It is often combined with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child has low self-esteem, depression or anxiety.
system: What is the test for ADHD?
output: There is no single test for ADHD. Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. The doctor will also gather information about any similar problems that run in the family and consider all possible causes. To confirm a diagnosis of ADHD or learning differences, a battery of tests may be given to assess a child's neurological and psychological status. The tests should be given by a pediatrician or mental health provider with experience in diagnosing and treating ADHD .
system: What psychological therapy is recommended for ADHD?
output: Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children. It can be quite effective, particularly if the therapist helps parents learn techniques to help the child's behavior. It is often combined with specific educational interventions, such as help with learning skills. Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy is a valuable option, particularly if the child has low self-esteem, depression or anxiety.
system: What skill evaluations will be done before an ADHD diagnosis?
output: An evaluation of intelligence, aptitude, personality traits, or processing skills. These evaluations are often done with input from the parents and teachers if the child is of school age.
system: Is stimulant medication for ADHD effective?
output: Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration.
system: How often do stimulant medications need to be taken?
output: The newest formulations allow children to take the medicine only once a day.
system: What are the non-stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?
output: Atomoxetine ( Strattera ) and clonidine ( Catapres and Kapvay) are two non-stimulant drugs for ADHD. Another drug similar to clonidine, approved for children aged 6 to 17, is guanfacine ( Intuniv), which uses the same active ingredient as guanfacine hydrochloride ( Tenex), ablood pressuremedicine that has been used as an ADHD treatment.
system: Do non-stimulant medications for ADHD have side effects?
output: Of course, these drugs have their own side effects and risks, and your doctor will want to watch for problems. In 2005, the FDA issued a public health advisory about rare reports of suicidal thinking in children and adolescents taking Strattera.
system: What are the common side effects of stimulant medication for ADHD?
output: Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety .
system: What are some lifestyle tips I can use to improve my child's life with ADHD?
output: These tips may help your child -- and you: Join a support group. Do whatever you can to boost your child's self-esteem. Praise and reward good behavior promptly. Be consistent with discipline, and make sure other caregivers follow your methods. Make instructions simple and specific (" Brush your teeth. Encourage your child's special strengths, particularly in sports and out-of-school activities. Set and follow routines for meals, bedtime, play, and other activities. Make time for play and exercise -- outside in a natural setting if possible. Simplify your child's room to minimize distractions, such as toys and improve organization.
system: Are any medications other than stimulants and non-stimulants used to treat ADHD?
output: Non-stimulants. In some cases, doctors may try prescribing other antidepressant medications, such as drugs called SSRIs, bupropion ( Wellbutrin), venlafaxine ( Effexor) or others.
system: What is the best kind of treatment for ADHD?
output: Close cooperation among therapists, doctors, teachers, and parents is very important, and team meetings help. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children.
system: How are stimulants used to treat ADHD?
output: Although there is considerable controversy about their possible overuse, stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants often decrease hyperactivity and improve concentration. A doctor needs to monitor the dosage of the stimulant medication closely, both to determine the most effective level of drug and to watch for any side effects. Generally, most side effects of stimulants are mild and may include decreased appetite, stomach aches, sleep problems, headaches , and an increase in anxiety . However, in rare cases, stimulants can have more serious side effects. For instance, some are linked to a higher risk of heart problems and sudden death in children with preexisting heart disease. They may also worsen psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety or cause a psychotic reaction in some individuals. Before your kids start taking an ADHD medicine, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.
system: What are the treatments for ADHD?
output: Doctors diagnose ADHD in children and teens after discussing symptoms at length with the child, parents, and teachers and observing the child's behaviors. Of the psychological therapies, behavior modification may be the most commonly recommended for children.
system: Can tamoxifen or birth control pills cause endometrial cancer?
output: Postmenopausal women have a high risk for endometrial cancer if they: Got their first period early Went through menopause late Are obese Have diabetes or high blood pressure Have few or no children Have a history of infertility, irregular periods, or abnormal cells in the endometrium (called endometrial hyperplasia) Have a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer Women taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer. But women who have taken birth control pills are only half as likely to have endometrial cancer after menopause.
system: Am I at risk for endometrial cancer?
output: More than 95% of endometrial cancer happens in women over 40. Postmenopausal women have a high risk for endometrial cancer if they: Got their first period early Went through menopause late Are obese Have diabetes or high blood pressure Have few or no children Have a history of infertility, irregular periods, or abnormal cells in the endometrium (called endometrial hyperplasia) Have a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer Women taking the drug tamoxifen to treat or prevent breast cancer have a slightly higher risk of endometrial cancer.
system: Do high-fat diets cause endometrial cancer?
output: High-fat diets, especially containing red meat, can increase the risk of cancer, including endometrial and colon cancer.
system: What is endometrial cancer?
output: Most cancers of the uterus are endometrial cancer. If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to the bladder or rectum, or it can spread to the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and more distant organs. Fortunately, endometrial cancer grows slowly and, with regular checkups, is usually found before spreading very far.
system: Can endometrial cancer be prevented?
output: Most endometrial cancer cannot be prevented. But there are certain things a woman can do to lower her risk. Taking birth control lowers the risk, but first talk with a doctor about possible pros and cons. Being healthy, eating well, and watching your weight may help lower the risk.
system: Can endometrial cancer spread?
output: If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to the bladder or rectum, or it can spread to the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and more distant organs. Fortunately, endometrial cancer grows slowly and, with regular checkups, is usually found before spreading very far.
system: Do ovarian tumors lead to endometrial cancer?
output: Rare ovarian tumors can make estrogen and increase a woman's chance of having endometrial cancer.
system: How do I pay for weight loss surgery?
output: Contact your insurance company to ask what it covers and what it requires. Many insurance companies want to know what you've done to try to lose weight before surgery. Paying for weight loss surgery yourself is very expensive. A typical weight loss operation can run from $15,000 to $25,000 on average. There may be financing options; check the terms carefully so you know what you're getting into.
system: What can you expect when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain?
output: When you take narcotic drugs, you also run the risk of developing a tolerance to the drugs. That means you need more and more of the drugs in order to get the same effect. You also run the risk of becoming dependent or even addicted. In addition, narcotic drugs can cause side effects such as constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, and difficulty urinating.
system: What should you keep in mind when taking a narcotic for arthritis pain?
output: They include: buprenorphine transdermal patch ( Butrans) fentanyl transdermal patch ( Duragesic) hydrocodone ( Hysingla, Zohydro) hydromorphone ( Dilaudid, Exalgo) methadone ( Dolophine, Methadose) morphine ( Arymo, Kadian, MS Contin, Morphabond) oxycodone ( Oxaydo, Oxy Contin, Xtampza, Xartemis) Oxymorphone ( Opana) Roxy Bond Tapentadol ( Nucynta) Tramadol ( Conzip) Troxyca ER Vantrela ER If you're taking a narcotic for arthritis pain, keep in mind that alcohol and drugs containing acetaminophen or Tylenol don't mix. The combination can greatly increase your risk of severe liver damage.
system: How do narcotics relieve arthritis pain?
output: Narcotic drugs work on pain receptors in the brain to relieve pain. If you have pain that isn't relieved by a narcotic drug or NSAID alone, speak to your doctor about combining the two. In some cases, an NSAID/narcotic combination may relieve pain better than either alone.
system: What is pulmonary hypertension?
output: Pulmonary hypertension: High blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries.
system: What is coronary artery bypass graft?
output: Coronary artery bypass graft: If your coronary artery disease results from heart failure, a doctor can take arteries or veins (called grafts) from other parts of your body to reroute blood flow around blocked heart arteries.
system: What is carotid artery disease?
output: Carotid artery disease: A progressive disease that involves the buildup of plaque in your carotid arteries. It can lead to a stroke.
system: What is atherosclerosis
output: Atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries"): Plaque builds up inside your arteries and can lead to coronary artery disease and other problems.
system: What is commissurotomy?
output: Commissurotomy: A surgical procedure that helps open blocked or defective heart valves.
system: What is the definition of carotid artery disease?
output: Carotid artery disease: A progressive disease that involves the buildup of plaque in your carotid arteries. It can lead to a stroke.
system: What is the definition of atherectomy (directional coronary atherectomy, or DCA)?
output: Atherectomy (directional coronary atherectomy, or DCA): A procedure used to clean out clogged arteries. The doctor inserts a catheter with a balloon on one end into a narrowed artery. The balloon is inflated to unclog the artery. A blade inside the catheter rotates to shave off any plaque. The shavings are caught inside the catheter and removed.
system: What is a myocardial biopsy?
output: Myocardial biopsy (cardiac biopsy): When your doctor cuts out a tiny piece of heart muscle tissue for analysis.
system: What is congestive heart failure?
output: Congestive heart failure ( CHF or heart failure): A chronic condition in which your heart muscle weakens and can't pump enough blood through your body.
system: What is valvuloplasty
output: Valvuloplasty: This procedure improves valve function by reshaping the heart valve.