laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How does thyroid cancer develop and is it treatable?
output: Thyroid cancer develops when cells change or mutate. The abnormal cells begin multiplying in your thyroid and, once there are enough of them, they form a tumor. If it's caught early, thyroid cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer.
system: Why do people get thyroid cancer?
output: But as it grows, you could notice any of the following problems: Neck, throat pain Lump in your neck Difficulty swallowing Vocal changes, hoarseness Cough There is no clear reason why most people get thyroid cancer. There are certain things, though, that can raise your odds of getting it.
system: How common is papillary thyroid cancer?
output: If you have thyroid cancer, you probably have this type. It's found in up to 80% of all thyroid cancer cases. It tends to grow slowly, but often spreads to the nymph nodes in your neck. Even so, you have a good chance for a full recovery.
system: How common is medullary cancer in thyroid cancer?
output: Medullary cancer is found in about 4% of all thyroid cancer cases. It's more likely to be found at an early stage because it produces a hormone called calcitonin, which doctors keep an eye out for in blood test results.
system: Can inherited genetic syndromes cause thyroid cancer?
output: Some conditions, including cancer, come from the DNA you get from your parents.
system: Is thyroid cancer treatable?
output: If it's caught early, thyroid cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer. Even so, you have a good chance for a full recovery. And surgery, when it's needed, can sometimes cure it.
system: What causes a hiatal hernia?
output: Most of the time, the cause is not known. A person may be born with a larger hiatal opening. Increased pressure in the abdomen such as from pregnancy, obesity, coughing, or straining during bowel movements may also play a role.
system: What is recovery like after surgery for hiatal hernia?
output: Many patients are able to walk around the day after hernia surgery. Generally, there are no dietary restrictions and the patient can resume his or her regular activities within a week. Complete recovery will take two to three weeks, and hard labor and heavy lifting should be avoided for at least three months after surgery. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee, even with surgery, that the hernia will not return.
system: What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
output: In a sliding hiatal hernia, the stomach and the section of the esophagus that joins the stomach slide up into the chest through the hiatus. This is the more common type of hernia.
system: When should I call the doctor about a hiatal hernia?
output: If you have been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia and you develop severe pain in the chest or abdomen, become nauseated, are vomiting, or are unable to have a bowel movement or pass gas, you may have a strangulated hernia or an obstruction, which are medical emergencies. Call your doctor immediately.
system: Who is likeliest to get a hiatal hernia?
output: Hiatal hernias occur more often in women, people who are overweight, and people older than 50.
system: What are the different types of hiatal hernia?
output: The esophagus and stomach stay in their normal locations, but part of the stomach squeezes through the hiatus, landing it next to the esophagus.
system: When is hiatal hernia surgery necessary?
output: If the hiatal hernia is in danger of becoming constricted or strangulated (so that the blood supply is cut off), surgery may be needed to reduce the hernia, meaning put it back where it belongs. Hiatal hernia surgery can often be performed as a laparoscopic, or "minimally invasive," procedure. During this type of surgery, a few small (5 to 10 millimeter) incisions are made in the abdomen. The laparoscope that allows the surgeon to see inside the abdomen and surgical instruments are inserted through these incisions. The surgeon is guided by the laparoscope, which transmits a picture of the internal organs to a monitor. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery include smaller incisions, less risk of infection, less pain and scarring, and a more rapid recovery.
system: What are the best kinds of jobs for people recovering slowly or worried about returning to work after an organ transplant?
output: Most people who get an organ transplant can go back to work. If you've been sick and out of work for some time, returning can be hard. People working in very competitive fields may feel out of the loop after an organ transplant. If you're recovering slowly or worried about returning to work, Punch recommends that you start with a volunteer job.
system: How can I make interactions with coworkers more normal after returning from an organ transplant?
output: Your co-workers may seem to have left you behind, Punch cautions. Going back to work after a long absence can make you feel like the new kid in school all over again. You're craving to feel normal, but can't because everyone is treating you so strangely. They think that a transplant recipient must still be gravely ill. Or they treat you like a fragile medical marvel. So it may be up to you to tell them otherwise.
system: Can people who get an organ transplant go back to work?
output: Settling back into your old job can help you feel like yourself again -- and it pays the bills, too. But readjusting can be a challenge. You may not slide back into your job as smoothly as you like. Though you may be sitting in the same chair behind the same desk, things may not feel quite the same. People working in very competitive fields may feel out of the loop after an organ transplant.
system: What should I do if I am being treated unfairly at work after an organ transplant?
output: Unfortunately, some of these common misconceptions about organ transplants can be more than annoyances. Many corporations, if they find out that you have a transplant, are afraid to take you on," says Friedman. " If you feel that you're being treated unfairly at work, don't accept it. Talk to people on your health care team. Many transplant centers have social workers who will help you transition back into life. Get some advice from folks in a support group.
system: What is sperm quantity?
output: This measures how many sperm you have in your semen when you ejaculate. Remember, you need at least 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen to have a ânormalâ sperm count.
system: Does exercise help with sperm count?
output: Researchers found that men who exercise at least three times per week for 1 hour showed increases in their sperm count and the number of moving sperm, as well.
system: What causes low sperm count?
output: Any number of things can lead to low sperm count, including previous medical problems, age, and your environment. Your lifestyle factors in, too, so if you smoke or use recreational drugs, they can affect your fertility.
system: Does what you eat affect sperm quality?
output: Choosing a diet of fresh fruits and vegetables may boost your semen quality. Eating fewer fatty foods and a little less protein could also help.
system: Does a sperm's shape matter for fertility?
output: Even if you have a normal sperm count, they still have to be healthy enough to make the journey from your partner's vagina to the cervix and uterus to the fallopian tubes. The more normal-shaped sperm you have, the easier it will be for them to reach your partner's egg.
system: Does smoking affect sperm quality?
output: Your lifestyle factors in, too, so if you smoke or use recreational drugs, they can affect your fertility. Men who smoke are more likely to have lower sperm count, density, and motility. They also produce less semen than men who don't smoke.
system: How can polysomnography help in the diagnosis of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder?
output: Polysomnography Polysomnographic video recording is the single most important diagnostic test in persons with RBD. This test is usually conducted in a sleep study center. The person undergoing testing is required to sleep at the center while the following parameters are monitored: Electrical activity of the brain (electroencephalogram, or EEG) Electrical activity of the heart (electrocardiogram, or ECG) Movements of the muscles (electromyogram) Eye movements (electrooculogram) Respiratory movements These parameters are monitored as the person passes through the various sleep stages. Characteristic patterns from the electrodes are recorded while the person is awake and during sleep. Continuous video recording is done to observe behaviors during sleep.
system: Why do you get a neurologic exam to help diagnose REM sleep behavior disorder?
output: Neurologic exam When trying to diagnose REM sleep behavior disorder, or RBD, the neurologic exam is often normal. However, symptoms and signs of Parkinson's disease, such as hand tremor at rest, slowness in movement, and muscle stiffness (rigidity) that may suggest an underlying neurologic cause of RBD, should be considered.
system: How long does perimenopause last?
output: Perimenopause lasts up until menopause, the point when the ovaries stop releasing eggs. In the last 1 to 2 years of perimenopause, this drop in estrogen speeds up. At this stage, many women have menopause symptoms. The average length of perimenopause is 4 years, but for some women this stage may last only a few months or continue for 10 years. Perimenopause ends when a woman has gone 12 months without having her period.
system: How much water should I drink to avoid when working out?
output: A good general rule is to then drink this amount of water: 8 ounces about 20 to 30 minutes before working out 8 ounces every 10 to 20 minutes during your workout 8 ounces within a half hour of when your workout is done Eat a small meal or snack every 2 to 3 hours to keep a steady source of fuel for your body.
system: What medications can ease pain from a workout injury?
output: Check with your doctor. You can still be active as long as you don't stress the injury.
system: How quickly do workout injuries usually heal?
output: If you are a biker, always wear a helmet. If you're concerned about the injury, it's best to seek medical advice.
system: How can I prevent tooth discoloration?
output: By making a few simple lifestyle changes, you may be able to prevent teeth discoloration. For example, if you are a coffee drinker and/or smoker, consider cutting back or quitting all together. Also, improve your dental hygiene by brushing, flossing, and using a mouthwash daily, and getting your teeth cleaned by a dental hygienist every 6 months. If your teeth appear to be an abnormal color without ready explanation and, if other symptoms are also present, make an appointment to see your dentist.
system: What treatment options are available to whiten teeth?
output: Treatment options to whiten teeth can vary depending on the cause of the discoloration and may include: Using proper tooth brushing and flossing techniques Avoidance of the foods and beverages that cause stains Bondings Veneers Using over-the-counter whitening agents In-home whitening agents purchased from your dentist In-office whitening procedures
system: What is dystonia?
output: Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body. Dystonia affects about 1% of the population, and women are more prone to it than men.
system: What types of therapies treat dystonia?
output: Speech therapy, physical therapy, and stress management may also be used to treat the symptoms of dystonia.
system: How is dystonia treated?
output: The doctor will determine the course of treatment based on the type of dystonia and its severity. A recently introduced treatment is botulinum toxin, also called Botox or Xeomin. The toxin is injected into the affected muscle. There it blocks the effect of the chemical acetylcholine that produces muscle contractions. The injection needs to be repeated about every three months. When dystonia causes someone to become disabled, deep brain stimulation is an option. With deep brain stimulation, an electrode is implanted into a particular area in the brain. It is then connected to a battery powered stimulator implanted in the chest. The electrode transmits electrical pulses created by the stimulator to the brain region to reduce the muscular contractions. The person's doctor regulates the frequency and intensity of the electrical pulses.
system: How are dystonias classified?
output: Dystonias are classified by the body part they affect: Generalized dystonia affects most of or all of the body. Focal dystonia affects just a specific body part. Multifocal dystonia affects more than one unrelated body part. Segmental dystonia involves adjacent body parts. Hemidystonia affects the arm and leg on the same side of the body.
system: What is cervical dystonia?
output: At first, typically, it affects just one eye. Cervical dystonia, or torticollis, is the most common type. Cervical dystonia affects the neck muscles, causing the head to twist and turn or be pulled backward or forward.
system: What is high cholesterol?
output: Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver and other cells. It's also found in certain foods, such as dairy products, eggs, and meat. Your body needs some cholesterol to produce hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help you digest fat. But the body only needs a limited amount of cholesterol. When there's too much, health problems, such as heart disease, may develop.
system: What kind of cholesterol is bad for you?
output: The cholesterol that blocks arteries is called low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. Another kind of cholesterol called high-density lipoprotein or HDL is known as good cholesterol because it helps remove LDL from the blood and eventually from the body. For good health, you ideally want to keep the LDL levels down and the HDL levels up. If this balance isn't maintained, especially if it's reversed, you are said to have high cholesterol.
system: Can exercise help prevent high cholesterol?
output: Your risk of having high cholesterol increases if: Your diet is high in saturated fat. These fats, found in meat and full-fat dairy products, raise LDL cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol, found in eggs and organ meats, can also raise blood cholesterol levels, but not as much as saturated fat does.
system: How does high cholesterol affect men?
output: For many men, the risk from high cholesterol starts in their 20s and increases with age.
system: What affects cholesterol levels?
output: Everyone over 20 should get a cholesterol test at least once every 5 years. If your numbers are high, your doctor may recommend the test more often. But the body only needs a limited amount of cholesterol. How does the doctor know I have high cholesterol?
system: What foods increase my risk for high cholesterol?
output: It's also found in certain foods, such as dairy products, eggs, and meat. Dietary cholesterol, found in eggs and organ meats, can also raise blood cholesterol levels, but not as much as saturated fat does. You eat foods containing trans fats. These are artificially made fats found in partially hydrogenated oils. They raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol -- exactly the wrong combination. You eat processed foods or foods high in carbohydrates. These types of foods have also been shown to increase LDL cholesterol. To reduce your cholesterol, one of the most important change to make is to cut back on the amount of saturated fat and trans fats in your diet.
system: How can losing weight prevent high cholesterol?
output: You are overweight or obese. The average American now gets more than 20% of calories from beverages. Switching to water is painless and can make a big difference in total calories.
system: What diet changes can prevent high cholesterol?
output: Your risk of having high cholesterol increases if: Your diet is high in saturated fat. It also means eating less fried food, processed food, and foods high in sugar. It is also important to increase the amount of soluble fiber you eat. This form of fiber, found in oatmeal, kidney beans, and apples, for example, helps remove LDL from the body.
system: How can you get tennis elbow?
output: You can get it from other racquet sports, such as squash or racquetball. You can also get it from jobs or activities that involve repetitive arm motion, such as: Tree-cutting (repetitive use of a chain saw) Painting Carpentry Playing some types of musical instruments Butchers, cooks, and assembly-line workers are among the groups that get it often.
system: How does tennis elbow differ from golfer's elbow?
output: Golfer's elbow differs from tennis elbow in that the pain is focused on the inside of the elbow. But the causes are similar: tendon tears caused by repetitive movement, whether it's a golf swing, lifting weights, or simply shaking hands.
system: What is tennis elbow?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Doctors know the condition as lateral epicondylitis. The rest of us call it âtennis elbow.â The term has entered wide use, though only a small group of people diagnosed with tennis elbow actually get it from playing tennis. Tennis elbow is a common injury that will usually heal with minor treatment, but you have to give it time and rest.
system: What causes tennis elbow?
output: Any activity that strains the muscles around the elbow over and over again can cause it. There's also a version golfers get called âgolfer's elbow.â In tennis, hitting a backhand puts some stress on your forearm muscles, which repeatedly contract when you hit the ball. If you have poor technique or grip the racquet too tightly, that stress may increase in the tendons that connect the forearm muscles to the elbow. The tendons may get small tears. The more you do it -- and tennis is a game of repeated strokes -- the greater the chance for tennis elbow. But the causes are similar: tendon tears caused by repetitive movement, whether it's a golf swing, lifting weights, or simply shaking hands.
system: How is tennis elbow treated?
output: Tennis elbow is a pain focused on the outside of the arm, where your forearm meets your elbow. Tennis elbow can usually be treated with exercise, physical therapy, and medications such as ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), naproxen ( Aleve), and aspirin. Talk to your doctor if you have ongoing pain and think you may need to take pain relievers for an extended time.
system: What does it feel like to have tennis elbow?
output: It's related to a muscle and tendons in your forearm. Tendons connect your muscles to your bones. When you constantly use your arm in a repetitive motion, the tendons at the elbow end of a certain muscle -- the extensor carpi radialis brevis ( ECRB) muscle --- may develop small tears. The tears lead to inflammation and may put stress on the rest of your arm, making it painful to lift and grip things. Left untreated, it can become chronic (that's medical-speak for âongoingâ). Tennis elbow affects up to 3% of the population, particularly adults between 30 and 50 years of age. Golfer's elbow differs from tennis elbow in that the pain is focused on the inside of the elbow.
system: What are the symptoms of myositis?
output: The main symptom of myositis is muscle weakness. The weakness may be noticeable or may only be found with testing. Muscle pain (myalgias) may or may not be present. Dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and other inflammatory myositis conditions tend to cause weakness that gets worse slowly over weeks or months. The weakness affects large muscle groups, including the neck, shoulders, hips, and back. Muscles on both sides are usually affected.
system: How is a muscle biopsy used to diagnose myositis?
output: This is the most accurate test for diagnosing myositis. A doctor identifies a weak muscle, makes a small incision, and removes a small sample of muscle tissue for testing. Muscle biopsy leads to a final diagnosis in most people with myositis.
system: How is an MRI scan used to diagnose myositis?
output: An MRI scan can help identify areas of myositis and changes in the muscles over time.
system: How is myositis caused by inflammatory conditions treated?
output: Myositis treatment varies according to the cause. Inflammatory conditions causing myositis may require treatment with drugs that suppress the immune system, including: Prednisone Azathioprine ( Imuran) Methotrexate Myositis caused by infection is usually due to a virus, and no specific treatment is necessary.
system: How is myositis caused by infection treated?
output: Inflammatory conditions causing myositis may require treatment with drugs that suppress the immune system, including: Prednisone Azathioprine ( Imuran) Methotrexate Myositis caused by infection is usually due to a virus, and no specific treatment is necessary. Myositis caused by bacteria is uncommon and usually requires antibiotics to prevent life-threatening spread of the infection.
system: How can rhabdomyolysis cause myositis?
output: Rhabdomyolysis occurs when muscles break down quickly. Muscle pain, weakness, and swelling are symptoms of rhabdomyolysis. Urine may also turn a dark brown or red color.
system: How is myositis caused by drugs treated?
output: Myositis related to a drug is treated by stopping the medication. In cases of myositis caused by statin drugs, muscle inflammation usually subsides within a few weeks after stopping the medicine.
system: How is an electromyography (EMG) used to diagnose myositis?
output: By inserting needle electrodes into muscles, a doctor can test the response of muscles to electrical nerve signals. EMG can identify muscles that are weak or damaged by myositis.
system: What causes myositis?
output: Myositis is caused by any condition that leads to inflammation in the muscles.
system: What are the symptoms of muscle pain related to myositis?
output: Some people with myositis have muscle pain, but many do not. These and other ordinary muscle pains are called myalgias. There are many causes of muscle weakness and pain more common than myositis, and testing for myositis is not a straightforward process.
system: Which medicines commonly cause allergies?
output: The most common one is to penicillin. Other antibiotics can also cause allergic reactions. Other possible culprits include: Sulfa drugs Barbiturates Anticonvulsants Iodine, which is found in many X-ray contrast dyes Your doctor will start by reviewing your medical history and symptoms.
system: What are symptoms of a drug allergy?
output: In an allergic reaction, your body's release of histamine can cause symptoms like: Hives Skin rash Itchy skin or eyes Congestion Swelling in the mouth and throat A more severe reaction may include: Trouble breathing Blueness of the skin Dizziness Fainting Anxiety Confusion Rapid pulse Nausea Gut problems like diarrhea The most severe reaction is one that includes anaphylaxis, a serious, life-threatening response marked by swelling, hives, and lowered blood pressure. In some cases, a person goes into shock. If you think you're having anaphylaxis symptoms, give yourself a shot of epinephrine immediately and call 911.
system: How are drug allergies treated?
output: In some cases, a person goes into shock. Your doctor would give you tiny amounts of the drug by mouth, by IV, or with a shot in increasing amounts until your immune system learns to tolerate the medicine. If you're severely allergic to certain antibiotics, your doctor can usually find an unrelated antibiotic that is safe for you.
system: Can I be allergic to a drug?
output: In an allergic reaction, your immune system mistakenly creates a response against the drug. It makes chemicals -- like histamine, and lots of it -- to get the medicine out of your body. Other antibiotics can also cause allergic reactions.