laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are ketones?
output: Everyone has them, whether you have diabetes or not. Ketones are chemicals made in your liver. You produce them when you don't have enough of the hormone insulin in your body to turn sugar (or âglucoseâ) into energy. You need another source, so your body uses fat instead. Your liver turns this fat into ketones, a type of acid, and sends them into your bloodstream. Your muscles and other tissues can then use them for fuel. For a person without diabetes, this process doesn't become an issue. But when you have diabetes, things can run out of control and you build up too many ketones in your blood.
system: When should I test my ketones regularly?
output: Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours. During pregnancy, test them every morning before you eat breakfast.
system: What does a ketone test indicate?
output: But when you have diabetes, things can run out of control and you build up too many ketones in your blood. Your doctor will probably tell you to test your ketones when: Your blood sugar is higher than 250 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dl) for two days in a row You're sick or you've been injured You want to exercise and your blood sugar level is over 250 mg/dl You're pregnant You should also take the test if you begin to experience some of the signs of DKA: Thirst Dry mouth Frequent urination Fatigue Dry or red skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Trouble breathing Confusion A fruity smell to your breath If your blood sugar level is high or you're sick, check your ketone levels every 4 to 6 hours. A ketone test uses a sample of either your pee or blood. You can also take this test at home or at your doctor's office. Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels: Drink extra water to flush them out of your body Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours Don't exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones
system: How can I bring down my ketone levels?
output: Call your doctor or go to the emergency room right away if they are very high. Also try these steps to bring down your ketone levels: Drink extra water to flush them out of your body Test your blood sugar every 3 to 4 hours Don't exercise if you have high blood sugar and high ketones
system: If I haven't qualified for Medicaid in the past due to cancer, could I qualify now?
output: You might qualify for Medicaid, even if you haven't qualified in the past. Some states have expanded Medicaid to cover more people. Check with your state's Marketplace to find out if your state is one of those.
system: Are mental health benefits on health plans allowed to be more limited than other health care benefits?
output: In addition, mental health services must be provided under the same terms and conditions as other health care services. Health plans can no longer provide more limited mental health benefits than they do for other health care benefits. How much you pay for your care will depend on the plan you enroll in. You can also get these services through Medicare and Medicaid.
system: What are the rules for cancer medical cost limits under the Affordable Care Act?
output: These protections are available even if you have cancer: There is no dollar limit on how much an insurance company spends on covered expenses for your health care. Annual and lifetime limits have gone away. If you are sick, you cannot be charged more for health insurance. Your out-of-pocket costs will be limited. There's a maximum amount, or cap, on how much you'll have to spend on copays, coinsurance, and deductibles.
system: Can I get government financial help for medical costs if I have cancer?
output: Health plans* have to help pay for your cancer treatment. Both tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies are available to people with qualifying incomes. Check on healthcare.gov to find out.
system: What health benefits for cancer must be covered in my health plan?
output: Health plans sold on state Marketplaces, through the individual market, and through small employers must cover mental health services. You may need some of these services as a cancer patient, including such services as: Chronic disease care Emergency care Hospital care Lab services Mental health services Outpatient treatment Prescription drug coverage Rehabilitation services Be aware that each state determines exactly what must be covered under these categories. Individual health plans may add to those minimum requirements. It's important to read the plan's summary of benefits to see what your costs will be before you enroll.
system: What rights are given to people with cancer under the Affordable Care Act?
output: You have rights as a cancer patient under the Affordable Care Act: Your insurance cannot be canceled because you have cancer. You cannot be denied insurance if you have cancer. Children with cancer cannot be turned down for coverage. If you qualify and want to take part in a clinical trial, your health plan must help pay for routine costs associated with approved clinical trials. A trial may help you get new cancer treatments. You might be able to get financial help to pay for some costs if you're buying insurance through your state's Marketplace. * Grandfathered health plans, those that existed before the Affordable Care Act was passed and have not significantly changed, are not required to offer some of these protections, such as bans on pre-existing conditions or annual limits on benefits. Check with your insurance company or HR department to find out if you're in a grandfathered plan. In addition, short-term health plans do not have to offer these benefits or protections. Short-term health policies are those in effect for less than 12 months, although they can be renewed for up to 3 years.
system: Are the Affordable Care Act limits on how much you have to pay for medical care effective for cancer patients?
output: These protections are available even if you have cancer: There is no dollar limit on how much an insurance company spends on covered expenses for your health care. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, that made you pay the full cost of meds once you reached the annual drug-spending limit.
system: How can you set your baby's day-night cycle?
output: Starting when your baby is 2 weeks old, try to teach her that ânighttime is when we sleep, and daytime is when we have fun.â During daylight hours, keep things stimulating and active for your baby. Play with her a lot. Try to keep her awake after she feeds, although don't worry if she conks out for a nap. When it's dark, become a more low-key parent for your baby. Feed her in a semi-darkened room. Cut down on all stimulation. For instance, keep lights low and noise soft.
system: When do babies develop regular sleep patterns?
output: The good news is that by 3 to 6 months babies typically develop regular sleep patterns and can slumber until dawn. As your baby's brain matures over these first few months, you'll probably see a sleep pattern start to emerge -- though it may not be the pattern you want.
system: When should I stop waking my baby at night for feedings?
output: If your baby is gaining weight properly, you don't have to wake her at night for feedings. Your baby needs to find her own sleep schedule. Once she's eating more in the daytime, she doesn't need to wake and eat at night.
system: How can you separate your baby's eating time from sleeping time?
output: After the first month, you don't want to let your baby fall asleep while you're feeding or rocking her, because you want her to figure out how to put herself to sleep. If she goes to sleep and keeps sleeping when you're feeding her, stop and put her to bed. Some parents try to push more formula, breast milk, or baby food to try to make a baby sleep on schedule or sleep longer. This isn't good for your baby. Note: Never prop a baby bottle in your infant's mouth when you put her to bed.
system: How can you get retinopathy if you have type 2 diabetes?
output: People with type 2 diabetes may already have abnormalities in the eyes related to the development of diabetes. Over time more and more people who initially do not have eye problems related to the disease will develop some form of eye problem. It is important to control not only sugars but blood pressure and cholesterol to prevent progression of eye disease. Fortunately, the vision loss isn't significant in most.
system: Who gets type 2 diabetes?
output: Anyone can get type 2 diabetes. However, those at highest risk for the disease are those who are obese or overweight, people with family members who have type 2 diabetes and people who have metabolic syndrome (a cluster of problems that include high cholesterol, high triglycerides, low good ' HDL' cholesterol and a high bad ' LDL' cholesterol, and high blood pressure). In addition, older people are more susceptible to developing the disease since aging makes the body less tolerant of sugars.
system: What is the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?
output: Unlike people with type 1 diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes produce insulin; however, the insulin their pancreas secretes is either not enough or the body is unable to recognize the insulin and use it properly. This is called insulin resistance. When there isn't enough insulin or the insulin is not used as it should be, sugar (glucose) can't get into the body's cells to be used for fuel. When sugar builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body's cells are not able to function properly.
system: How is poor blood circulation and nerve damage related to type 2 diabetes?
output: Poor blood circulation and nerve damage. Damage to nerves and hardening of the arteries leads to decreased sensation and poor blood circulation in the feet. This can lead to increased infections and an increased risk of ulcers which heal poorly and can in turn significantly raises the risk of amputation. Damage to nerves may also lead to digestive problems, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
system: How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?
output: If your health care provider suspects type 2 diabetes, he or she will first check for abnormalities in your blood (high blood sugar levels). In addition, he or she may look for sugar or ketone bodies in your urine. Tests used to diagnose type 2 diabetes include a fasting plasma glucose test or a casual plasma glucose test.
system: What problems are associated with the build up of sugar in blood?
output: Other problems associated with the build up of sugar in the blood include: Dehydration. The build up of sugar in the blood can cause an increase in urination (to try to clear the sugar from the body). When the kidneys lose the sugar through the urine, a large amount of water is also lost, causing dehydration. Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma . When a person with type 2 diabetes becomes severely dehydrated and is not able to drink enough fluids to make up for the fluid losses, they may develop this life-threatening complication. Damage to the body. Over time, high sugar levels in the blood may damage the nerves and small blood vessels of the eyes, kidneys, and heart and predispose a person to atherosclerosis (hardening) of the large arteries that can cause heart attack and stroke.
system: How is kidney damage related to type 2 diabetes?
output: The risk of kidney disease increases over time, meaning the longer you have diabetes the greater your risk. This complication carries significant risk of serious illness -- such as kidney failure and heart disease.
system: What helps treat inflammatory bowel disease?
output: What helps: You need medicine to control the symptoms and also to know what your triggers are, including which foods are irritating, so that you can avoid them. You'll want to work with your doctor, and write down your symptoms and what was going on right before they struck (including food and stress). A nutritionist who specializes in these conditions can also be a good resource.
system: What is gastroparesis in diabetes?
output: What happens: Over time, uncontrolled diabetes harms your nerves. If it damages your vagus nerve, which stimulates muscles that move food through your digestive system, digestion can slow down or stop. That can lead to heartburn, nausea, bloating, and feeling too full after you've eaten. Doctors call this gastroparesis. The most common cause is diabetes, but it sometimes also affects people with nervous system disorders, like Parkinson's disease (see below) and multiple sclerosis.
system: How can heart failure affect my nutrition?
output: What happens: People with chronic heart failure can lose muscle mass, as well as fat and bone, leaving them frail. Causes include swelling of the bowel wall, which prevents the absorption of nutrients, and liver or kidney disease that can result from heart failure. They may lead to nausea. Once the wasting process starts, poor nutrition can make it worse.
system: How can chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect the way I eat?
output: What happens: This lung disease gradually makes it harder to breathe. People who have it often find that their appetite isn't what it used to be. People with severe COPD can get very thin because they burn so many calories with the work of breathing. What helps: Since the disease causes your body to use up lots of energy during breathing, it's important to make sure you get enough calories.
system: How can hepatitis affect the way I eat, and what are steps to control it?
output: What happens: This infectious disease commonly causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, weight loss, fatigue, and stomach discomfort. What helps: Avoid alcohol, try eating smaller, more frequent meals, and ask your doctor about medicine to fight nausea. There is a cure for hepatitis C, and for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the treatment is weight loss.
system: How do hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect my appetite and weight?
output: What happens: Your thyroid doesn't make enough hormones to keep your body running properly. You might not have any appetite, yet still unexpectedly gain weight. It can also cause uncomfortable constipation. ( Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, can trigger the opposite symptoms: extreme hunger and thirst, diarrhea, and weight loss.)
system: How can anxiety and depression affect the way I eat?
output: What happens: Anxiety can upset your stomach. If you're depressed, that can lead to eating too little or too much. What helps: Food, on its own, isn't a cure. But a balanced diet may help you feel better, and stomach symptoms often gradually fade as you start to benefit from psychological treatment in the form of therapy, lifestyle changes (like exercise), and medication, if needed.
system: Do I need to change my diet if I have kidney disease?
output: What helps: Your doctor will tell you how to change your diet. If you're in the earlier stages of kidney disease, you may need to focus on sodium. If your disease is more advanced, you may also have limits on how much potassium or protein you can get. If you have kidney stones, you may need to make other changes to your eating habits.
system: How might cancer affect my appetite?
output: What happens: Cancer comes in many forms. Both the disease and its treatments can affect your nutrition. Many types dim your appetite, cause stomach pain, or make it tough to absorb the nutrients in food. Other kinds -- such as cancers of the head, neck, and esophagus -- can make it hard to chew and swallow. Then there's nausea from the treatments themselves.
system: How can human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect the way I eat?
output: What happens: The virus can cause painful sores or infections inside your mouth or in your esophagus, making it difficult to swallow. Medications may also cause nausea and diarrhea, leaving you with little interest in eating.
system: How can Parkinson's disease affect the way I eat?
output: What happens: The symptoms of Parkinson's, which affects your body's nervous system, often get worse gradually, and can include constipation, feeling overly full after eating, and trouble swallowing. It can also affect the nerves that control your digestive system, causing a condition called gastroparesis (see above in " Diabetes").
system: What helps if someone with Alzheimer's forgets to eat?
output: What happens: As dementia sets in, people with Alzheimer's may forget to eat, become overwhelmed by choosing and cooking food, or have trouble using utensils. What helps: Offer lots of easy-to-eat foods, like smoothies and soups, so that the person you're caring for gets enough calories and stays hydrated. Try to limit distractions, and serve only one or two foods at a time. Remind the person that there's food in front of him or her.
system: What is dysphagia after stroke?
output: Or you could have trouble digesting or absorbing the nutrients in food, and then have side effects from poor nutrition. What happens: The effects of a stroke depend on what part of the brain it affects. Many people who've had one find it hard to swallow, a condition called âdysphagia.â As a result, they may not get enough nutrients. What helps: Part of the recovery from a stroke could include learning to swallow again. Small pieces of foods, or small sips of liquid, may help. Some people may need to be fed through a tube.
system: What can you do to check the effectiveness of drugs for inflammatory diseases?
output: When you are prescribed any drug, it is important to meet with your doctor regularly so he or she can check its effectiveness and detect the development of any side effects.
system: How are inflammatory joint diseases treated?
output: There are a number of treatment options for inflammatory joint diseases including medications, rest, exercise, and surgery to correct joint damage. The type of treatment prescribed will depend on several factors including the type of disease, the person's age, type of medications he or she is taking, overall health, medical history, and severity of symptoms.
system: What diseases are associated with inflammation?
output: Some, but not all types of arthritis, are the result of misdirected inflammation. Arthritis is a general term that describes inflammation in joints. Some types of arthritis associated with inflammation include: Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Gouty arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus The most common form of arthritis called osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative arthritis) is a bit of a misnomer.
system: What are the  tests used to diagnose gallbladder problems?
output: A check of the blood's amylase or lipase levels to look for inflammation of the pancreas. A HIDA scan. In this test, a radioactive material called hydroxy iminodiacetic acid ( HIDA) is injected into the patient. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP), which uses magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to produce detailed pictures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP), a procedure in which a tube is placed down the patient's throat, into the stomach, then into the small intestine. Dye is injected and the ducts of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas can be seen on X-ray.
system: When should my baby visit the dentist for the first time?
output: Even if there isn't a problem, your child should go for his or her first dentist visit by age 1. The dentist can give you advice about: baby tooth care teething fluoride thumb sucking It can take two years before all of the infant teeth have made their way through your baby's gums.
system: How should I take care of my baby's teeth?
output: But at first, the care won't involve a toothbrush and toothpaste. Instead, take these steps: Get a soft, moistened washcloth or piece of gauze. Gently wipe down your baby's gums at least twice a day. Especially wipe your baby's gums after feedings and before bedtime. This will wash off bacteria and prevent them from clinging to gums. Bacteria can leave behind a sticky plaque that damages infant teeth as they come in.
system: How should I brush my baby's teeth?
output: Choose one with a: soft brush small head large handle At first, just wet the toothbrush. As soon as teeth erupt, you can start using toothpaste in the amount of a grain of rice. You can increase this to a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste when your child is age 3. Brush gently all around your child's baby teeth -- front and back.
system: When do I let my baby brush their own teeth?
output: You should brush your baby's teeth until he or she is old enough to hold the brush. Continue to supervise the process until your child can rinse and spit without assistance. That usually happens at around age 6.
system: How long should it take for all my baby teeth to make it through the gums?
output: The dentist can give you advice about: baby tooth care teething fluoride thumb sucking It can take two years before all of the infant teeth have made their way through your baby's gums.
system: How do I prevent cavities in my baby's teeth?
output: To prevent cavities, only fill your baby's bottle with: formula breast milk water Avoid giving your child fruit juices, sodas, and other sugary drinks. Sweet drinks -- even milk -- can settle on the teeth. This can lead to baby tooth decay -- also known as "baby bottle tooth decay." Bacteria feed on the sugar from sweet drinks and produce acid, which attacks baby's teeth. If you have to send your baby to bed or naps with a bottle or sippy cup, fill it with water only. Also avoid putting anything sweet -- such as sugar or honey -- on your baby's pacifier.
system: How important are baby teeth?
output: Baby teeth may be small, but they're important. They act as placeholders for adult teeth. Without a healthy set of baby teeth, your child will have trouble chewing and speaking clearly. That's why caring for baby teeth and keeping them decay-free is so important.
system: What are the symptoms of teething?
output: Teething is uncomfortable. That's why your baby cries and fusses in the days or weeks before each baby tooth pops up. Babies can display other teething symptoms, too, including: drooling swollen gums slightly higher than normal temperature Here are a few tips to relieve your baby's teething pain: Teething rings.
system: Which type of toothbrush should I use to brush my baby's teeth?
output: Choose one with a: soft brush small head large handle At first, just wet the toothbrush. In addition to caring for baby teeth, you need to protect them.
system: How can I ease my baby's teething pain?
output: You can start caring for baby's gums right away. Let your baby chew on a clean, cool teething ring or cold washcloth. Just avoid giving your child anything that is small enough to choke on. Also avoid a teething ring with liquid inside that could break open. Rub your baby's gums with a clean finger. Pain relief. Give your baby Tylenol (acetaminophen) occasionally to relieve pain -- but ask your pediatrician first. Never give your child aspirin. It has been linked with a rare but serious condition called Reye's syndrome in children.
system: Why can't children use cough medicine, decongestants, or antihistamines?
output: So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Between 1969 and 2006 there were reports that 60 young children died from decongestants or antihistamines. Since there's no proof that kids' cold medicines help children, some think any risk, no matter how slight, isn't worth it. Most colds run their course in 5 to 10 days -- with or without treatment.
system: When should I call the doctor if my child has a common cold?
output: Ask your child's doctor if you're not sure if a medicine is right for your child.