laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can environmental stress increase the risk of bipolar disorder?
output: People are sometimes diagnosed with bipolar following a stressful or traumatic event in their lives. These environmental triggers can include seasonal changes, holidays, and major life changes such as starting a new job, losing a job, going to college, family disagreements, marriage, or a death in the family. Stress, in and of itself, does not cause bipolar disorder (much the way pollen doesn't cause seasonal allergies), but in people with the biological vulnerability to bipolar disorder, having effective skills for managing life stresses can be critical to a healthy lifestyle in order to avoid things that can aggravate the illness (such as drugs and alcohol).
system: Does bipolar disorder run in families?
output: Numerous studies have found that people with bipolar often have at least one close relative with depression or bipolar disorder. Children who have one parent with the disorder have about a 10%-25% chance of developing the disorder themselves; children with two parents with the disorder have a 10%-50% chance. If a non-identical twin sibling has the disorder, the chance that another sibling will have it is about 10%-25%. Studies of identical twins have shown that genetics are not the only factor in determining who is at risk for bipolar disorder. Because identical twins share all the same genes, if bipolar disorder were purely hereditary, then all identical twins would share the disorder. However, it has been found that if one identical twin has bipolar disorder, the chances of the other twin also having bipolar disorder ranges from 40% to 70%.
system: What is bipolar depression?
output: Bipolar mania is a prolonged state (at least one week at a time) of extreme elation or agitation accompanied by excessive energy. Symptoms of the bipolar depression may include a pessimistic attitude, social withdrawal, thoughts of death or suicide, extreme sadness, and irritability.
system: What does a negative result from a D-Dimer test mean?
output: If your result is "negative," you most likely don't have a problem with blood clots, such as DVT.
system: What are the symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
output: You have higher odds of a clot with: Antiphospholipid syndrome, a disease in your immune system Clotting diseases that you're born with Major surgery, such as a knee replacement Major injury, such as a broken leg Long periods of sitting or lying down, such as a long plane ride or hospital stay Pregnancy or if you recently had a baby Some cancers To test for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: D-dimer can also be used to help test for what's called disseminated intravascular coagulation ( DIC), in which blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout your body while also causing bleeding. It can be life-threatening.
system: What should I prepare my family and friends for after being diagnosed with lung cancer?
output: Depending on what you feel comfortable with, you could try: Counseling Organizations that will match you with someone who's had the same kind of lung cancer Telephone and email cancer helplines Support groups, either online or in person Talk to your family and friends. Chances are there will be a few changes in your routine. There may be days when it's harder to do the things you normally do. You might need a hand with things like cooking, cleaning, or running errands. Sit down with your loved ones and let them know what you might need help with.
system: Should I bring someone with me when choosing a treatment center for lung cancer?
output: You might have a few choices, so find out about some of the practical things, like: Where it is and how you're going to get there and back How often the center works with your type of cancer If there's a place for you and your family to stay if it's far away or you have to stay overnight What services it can offer you and your family If you're going to have chemotherapy, many cancer centers will let someone sit with you when you go in for treatment. Think about who could come along. This person can help you ask questions and take notes, or just keep you company.
system: What factors should I consider when choosing a treatment center for lung cancer?
output: Your doctor will have ideas about which cancer treatment centers are a good match for you. You might have a few choices, so find out about some of the practical things, like: Where it is and how you're going to get there and back How often the center works with your type of cancer If there's a place for you and your family to stay if it's far away or you have to stay overnight What services it can offer you and your family If you're going to have chemotherapy, many cancer centers will let someone sit with you when you go in for treatment.
system: Where should I organize my health records after being diagnosed with lung cancer?
output: You could do this on paper that you put in a binder. Keep it in a fireproof box in a safe place. You could also go high-tech and keep it on your computer. Just make sure you back it up.
system: Where can I learn more about my lung cancer diagnosis and treatment?
output: Your doctor is the best place to start for this info, but you can also read about your type of lung cancer. Make sure the sources you're searching are well-known and reliable. Your health care team can recommend some good ones.
system: How should I deal with health insurance after being diagnosed with lung cancer?
output: Your past health history Your family's health history Sort out your health insurance. Find out what your copayments and deductibles are. Set up a system to help you keep track of your claims and payments. You could include this with your health record. By law, most people should have health insurance. If you don't, find out if you can get some or if you're eligible for Medicare or Medicaid.
system: What health records do I need to keep after being diagnosed with lung cancer?
output: Your health records should include: Your diagnosis Test results Treatment information, including the names and doses of drugs you take, and the dates you got treatment The names, phone numbers, and addresses of all your doctors, not just those you see for cancer.
system: How should I lay out my health care wishes in case I am unable to tell my family and friends after lung cancer treatment?
output: Make sure the sources you're searching are well-known and reliable. If you don't, find out if you can get some or if you're eligible for Medicare or Medicaid. Sit down with your loved ones and let them know what you might need help with.
system: When should you call your doctor about heart murmurs?
output: It can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, or you may pass out.
system: How do you diagnose heart murmurs?
output: Usually, doctors find heart murmurs during a physical exam. Your doctor will be able to hear it when listening to your heart with a stethoscope. Your doctor may order one or more of the following tests to see whether your heart murmur is innocent or it is caused by acquired valve disease or a defect you were born with: Electrocardiogram ( EKG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart Chest X-rays to see if the heart is enlarged due to heart or valve disease Echocardiography, which uses sound waves to map the heart's structure In most cases, you can't prevent heart murmurs.
system: Can you prevent heart murmurs?
output: Your doctor may order one or more of the following tests to see whether your heart murmur is innocent or it is caused by acquired valve disease or a defect you were born with: Electrocardiogram ( EKG), which measures the electrical activity of the heart Chest X-rays to see if the heart is enlarged due to heart or valve disease Echocardiography, which uses sound waves to map the heart's structure In most cases, you can't prevent heart murmurs. The exception is that if you treat an underlying condition, such as high blood pressure, or you avoid heart valve infection, heart murmurs are stopped before they start.
system: Do all heart murmurs need treatment?
output: Many children and adults have harmless heart murmurs, which don't need treatment. If another condition, like high blood pressure, is causing yours, your doctor will treat the cause.
system: What is low blood pressure?
output: ", "thumbnail Url": "https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article_thumbnails/video/wibbitz/wbz-understanding-low-blood-pressure-the-basics.jpg", "upload Date": "06/23/2017 15:09:00", "duration" : " PT1 M3 S", "content URL" : "https://webmd-vh.akamaihd.net/i/delivery/delivery/12/f8/12f87b0c-ecec-42cd-9e48-3cb8e7146831/wbz-understanding-low-blood-pressure-the-basics_,400k,750k,1000k,.mp4" } Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure (less than 90/60). var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A blood pressure reading appears as two numbers. The first and higher of the two is a measure of systolic pressure, or the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and fills them with blood. The second number measures diastolic pressure, or the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
system: What is the optimal blood pressure?
output: Optimal blood pressure is less than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic). In healthy people, low blood pressure without any symptoms is not usually a concern and does not need to be treated.
system: Who can get postural hypotension?
output: Postural hypotension, which is low blood pressure when standing up suddenly, can happen to anyone for a variety of reasons, such as dehydration, lack of food, or being overly fatigued. It can also be influenced by genetic make-up, aging, medication, dietary and psychological factors, and acute triggers, such as infection and allergy.
system: What can happen if you have chronic low blood pressure?
output: But health problems can occur when blood pressure drops suddenly and the brain is deprived of an adequate blood supply. This can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness. Sudden drops in blood pressure most commonly occur in someone who's rising from a lying down or sitting position to standing. This kind of low blood pressure is known as postural hypotension or orthostatic hypotension. Another type of low blood pressure can occur when someone stands for a long period of time. This is called neurally mediated hypotension. When it leads to passing out, if is called vasovagal syncope.
system: How can hormone therapy for prostate cancer lead to erectile dysfunction?
output: When hormone therapy is used, erectile dysfunction and decreased sexual desire may result approximately two to four weeks after the start of therapy. This is due to the testosterone-reducing action of the drugs.
system: How are penile suppositories used to treat erectile dysfunction from prostate cancer?
output: For this treatment, the patient places a suppository into the urinary tube (urethra) using a plastic applicator. The suppository contains the drug alprostadil, which travels to the erection chambers. Alprostadil relaxes the muscle in the erection chamber, allowing blood to flow into the penis.
system: How can you treat erectile dysfunction from surgery for prostate cancer?
output: Recovery of erectile function after a non-nerve-sparing surgery is unlikely, but possible. The use of vacuum devices or erectile dysfunction drugs after the body has healed from surgery may improve the quality of erections and speed the return of normal sexual function (see below). If an erection can be achieved after surgery, one does not lose the ability to have an orgasm. However, they may be "dry" orgasms in which little (if any) ejaculate is produced. This results in infertility for most men, although most men are older when they are diagnosed for prostate cancer and may not be concerned. If desired, you could talk to your doctor about "banking" sperm before the procedure.
system: How effective are oral erectile dysfunction drugs?
output: Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction for men who have received treatment for prostate cancer include: Oral medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn), avanfil ( Stendra), or sildenafil ( Viagra) Injections of medicine into the penis before intercourse (called intracavernous injection therapy) Use of a vacuum constriction device to draw blood into the penis to cause an erection Drugs taken as a suppository placed in the penis prior to intercourse Penile implants Following surgery, up to 70% of men who have had nerves spared on both sides of the prostate will regain erections with the use of one or more oral drugs for erectile dysfunction. Results are less favorable for men who have had a single nerve spared or no nerves spared. Following radiation therapy, overall, 50% to 60% of men regain erections with medication. However, current data are rather limited, especially for patients treated with radioactive seed implants. Hormone therapy.
system: How is erectile dysfunction treated?
output: Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction for men who have received treatment for prostate cancer include: Oral medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn), avanfil ( Stendra), or sildenafil ( Viagra) Injections of medicine into the penis before intercourse (called intracavernous injection therapy) Use of a vacuum constriction device to draw blood into the penis to cause an erection Drugs taken as a suppository placed in the penis prior to intercourse Penile implants Following surgery, up to 70% of men who have had nerves spared on both sides of the prostate will regain erections with the use of one or more oral drugs for erectile dysfunction.
system: How can radiation therapy for prostate cancer lead to erectile dysfunction?
output: Radiation therapy. The onset of erectile dysfunction following radiation therapy is gradual and usually begins about six months following the treatment. Erectile dysfunction is the most common long-term complication of radiation therapy. However, its occurrence may decrease when more sophisticated treatments are used, such as radioactive seed implants (brachytherapy), intensity-modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT), or 3- D conformal radiotherapy.
system: How is a vacuum constriction device used to treat erectile dysfunction from prostate cancer?
output: If Viagra and injections fail (or if you are unwilling or unable to use either therapy), other treatments may be appropriate. They include: Vacuum constriction device. A cylinder is placed over the penis. The air is pumped out of the cylinder, which draws blood into the penis and causes an erection. The erection is maintained by slipping a band off the base of the cylinder and onto the base of the penis. The band can stay in place for up to 30 minutes. Although these devices can be effective, they generally have been less desirable for patients who have been treated with surgery. Many patients dislike having to use the band at the base of the penis and find it uncomfortable.
system: How effective is injection therapy for erectile dysfunction with each type of prostate cancer treatment?
output: Current treatment options for erectile dysfunction for men who have received treatment for prostate cancer include: Oral medications, such as tadalafil ( Cialis), vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn), avanfil ( Stendra), or sildenafil ( Viagra) Injections of medicine into the penis before intercourse (called intracavernous injection therapy) Use of a vacuum constriction device to draw blood into the penis to cause an erection Drugs taken as a suppository placed in the penis prior to intercourse Penile implants Following surgery, up to 70% of men who have had nerves spared on both sides of the prostate will regain erections with the use of one or more oral drugs for erectile dysfunction. Following radiation therapy, overall, 50% to 60% of men regain erections with medication. Side effects include occasional pain due to one of the drugs used for injection therapy, and the development of scar tissue.
system: How can surgery for prostate cancer lead to erectile dysfunction?
output: The severity of the erectile dysfunction depends on the type of surgery, stage of cancer, and skill of the surgeon. The use of vacuum devices or erectile dysfunction drugs after the body has healed from surgery may improve the quality of erections and speed the return of normal sexual function (see below).
system: What is vascular disease?
output: Vascular disease includes any condition that affects your circulatory system. This ranges from diseases of your arteries, veins, and lymph vessels to blood disorders that affect circulation. Vascular pain develops when the communication between blood vessels and nerves is interrupted or damaged due to vascular disease or injuries.
system: What can cause renal artery disease?
output: Renal artery disease is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis of the renal arteries (see above). It occurs in people with generalized vascular disease. Less often, renal artery disease can be caused by a congenital (present at birth) abnormal development of the tissue that makes up the renal arteries. This type of renal artery disease occurs in younger age groups.
system: What is a female condom?
output: It goes inside your body during sex. Flexible rings at both ends hold it in place. The condom lines the walls of your vagina and collects semen and other fluids.
system: What is the difference between a male and female condom?
output: The condom lines the walls of your vagina and collects semen and other fluids. Reasons people don't like them include: They can slip out of place during sex. They're slightly less effective at preventing pregnancy and STDs than male condoms. During sex, it's normal for you to feel the condom move around. If the outer ring goes inside you after your partner has ejaculated, or if he does it between the condom and your vagina, think about using emergency contraception.
system: Why do some women and couples prefer female condoms over regular condoms?
output: A female condom is a long plastic pouch, usually made of nitrile, a manmade latex-free rubber. But some women and couples might prefer female condoms over the ones that a man wears because: You can put one in up to 8 hours before sex, so you don't have to interrupt the mood. Women can choose to use them if their partners don't want to wear a condom. They aren't made of latex, which irritates some people's skin. They stay in place if your partner loses his erection.
system: What are problems I need to watch out for when using female condoms during sex?
output: A female condom is a long plastic pouch, usually made of nitrile, a manmade latex-free rubber. It goes inside your body during sex. Just watch out for these problems: Make sure your partner's penis goes into the condom and doesn't slip in between the plastic and your body. Make sure the outer ring of the condom doesn't slip inside you. If it does and your partner hasn't ejaculated, you can remove the condom and reinsert it. If the outer ring goes inside you after your partner has ejaculated, or if he does it between the condom and your vagina, think about using emergency contraception. Remove the condom right after sex. Twist the open end closed so that the semen stays inside and gently pull it out.
system: How can H-2 receptor blockers help treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: H-2 receptor blockers: These work slower than antacids, but they ease symptoms for a longer time, up to 12 hours. They include cimetidine ( Tagamet HB), famotidine ( Pepcid AC), nizatidine ( Axid AR), and ranitidine ( Zantac).
system: What happens during an endoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Endoscopy: Your doctor will put a long, thin tube and tiny camera into your digestive tract to look for damage. It will thread through your nose and down your esophagus. The tube can also be used for a biopsy if your doctor wants to take out a small sample of tissue to test.
system: What surgeries can help treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
output: Nissen fundoplication: Your surgeon wraps the top part of your stomach around the lower part of your esophagus.
system: What complementary treatments can help with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms?
output: Relax: Stress and anxiety can trigger GERD symptoms. You might keep your stomach calm with guided imagery to focus on peaceful memories or thoughts, or progressive muscle relaxation that teaches you how to release tension.
system: How effective is a vascular reconstructive surgery for ED?
output: Unfortunately, vascular reconstructive surgery doesn't seem to work very well over time. Even the best studies show that only 1 out of 20 men improved after the treatment. The success rate is higher for younger men with a single damaged blood vessel from a pelvic or genital injury.
system: Who should get a vascular reconstructive surgery for ED?
output: Vascular reconstructive surgery is one way to improve blood flow to the penis to help a man with erectile dysfunction ( ED) get and keep an erection. If that's you, talk to your doctor to see if this surgery is right for you.
system: What happens during vascular reconstructive surgery for ED?
output: A surgeon transfers an artery from a muscle in the belly to one in the penis. This creates a path for blood to move around the problem area. Even the best studies show that only 1 out of 20 men improved after the treatment.
system: What is vascular reconstructive surgery for erectile dysfunction?
output: Doctors rarely recommend the operation, though, since it's technically difficult, costly, and doesn't always work. Unfortunately, vascular reconstructive surgery doesn't seem to work very well over time.
system: How do time outs work as a discipline technique?
output: This discipline technique works best if the privilege is: Related in some way to the behavior Something the child values Taken away as soon as possible after the inappropriate behavior (especially for young children) Time outs: Time outs work if you know exactly what the child did wrong or if you need a break from the child's behavior. Be sure you have a time-out location established ahead of time. It should be a quiet, boring place -- probably not the bedroom (where the child can play) or a dangerous place like a bathroom. This discipline technique can work with children when the child is old enough to understand the purpose of a time out -- usually around age 2 and older, with about a minute of time out for each year of age. Time outs often work best with younger kids for whom the separation from the parent is truly seen as a deprivation.
system: How do natural consequences work as a discipline technique?
output: Natural consequences: Your child does something wrong, and you let the child experience the result of that behavior. There's no need for you to "lecture." The child can't blame you for what happened. For example, if a child deliberately breaks a toy, he or she no longer has that toy to play with. Natural consequences can work well when children don't seem to "hear" your warnings about the potential outcome of their behavior.