laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How do you prepare for a flexible sigmoidoscopy?
output: First, tell your doctor if you: Are pregnant Have a lung or heart condition Are allergic to any medications Have diabetes or take drugs that may affect blood clotting If you take certain medicines, your doctor may need to adjust them before you get this test. You may need to take antibiotics before the sigmoidoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have a history of endocarditis No.
system: When do you need to take antibiotics before a flexible sigmoidoscopy?
output: You may need to take antibiotics before the sigmoidoscopy if you: Have an artificial heart valve Have a history of endocarditis No.
system: What happens during a flexible sigmoidoscopy?
output: A flexible sigmoidoscopy usually lasts from 10 to 20 minutes. You may not need to be sedated. Your doctor will have you lie on your left side, with your knees drawn up. He will insert the sigmoidoscope through the rectum and pass it into your sigmoid colon. The doctor will use a small amount of air to expand the colon to see the colon walls. You may feel mild cramping during the procedure. To lessen those cramps, you can take several slow, deep breaths. The doctor will slowly take the sigmoidoscope out while carefully examining the lining of your bowel.
system: What is used to do a flexible sigmoidoscopy?
output: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a test that a doctor uses to check the inner lining of your rectum and the lower part of your colon. A doctor uses it to view the lining of the rectum and the lower third of the colon. It's rare, but it's possible that sigmoidoscopy could puncture the colon.
system: Whoâs most likely to have a reaction to a sun-sensitizing drug?
output: It's important to note that not every person who uses these drugs has a reaction. If it does happen, it can be a one-time occurrence, or it can happen each time the drug is taken and sun exposure occurs. People with HIV are among the most likely group to experience sun sensitivity to drugs.
system: What drugs can cause sun sensitivity?
output: There are dozens of medications and over-the-counter drugs that can cause sun sensitivity. Some of the most common include: Antibiotics: doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim Antidepressants: doxepin ( Sinequan); and other tricyclics; St. John's wort Antifungals: griseofulvin Antihistamine: promethazine, diphenhydramine Antihypertensives (blood pressure drugs): hydrochlorothiazide (also found in some blood pressure medicines: Aldactazide, Capozide), diltiazem ( Cardizem) Benzocaine Benzoyl peroxide Cholesterol drugs: atorvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin Chemotherapy drugs: doxorubicin, flutamide, 5- FU, gemcitabine, methotrexate Diuretics: bumetanide, furosemide, hydrolorothiazide Hypoglycemics: glipizide, glyburide Neuroleptic drugs: Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, thioridazine, thiothixene Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories: celecoxib, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, piroxicam Other drugs: dapsone, Para-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA), quinidine.
system: What kind of reaction to a sun-sensitizing drug is phototoxicity?
output: This is the most common type of sun-sensitivity drug reaction. It can occur when skin is exposed to the sun after certain medications are injected, taken orally, or applied to the skin. The drug absorbs the UV light, then releases it into the skin, causing cell death. Within a few days, symptoms appear on the exposed areas of the body. In some people, symptoms can persist up to 20 years after the medication is stopped.
system: What kind of reaction to a sun-sensitizing drug is photoallergy?
output: In this case, problems occur when skin is exposed to the sun after certain medicines or compounds are applied to the skin's surface. The ultraviolet ( UV) light of the sun causes a structural change in the drug. This, in turn, causes the production of antibodies that are responsible for the sun-sensitivity reaction. The reaction usually includes an eczema-type rash, which often occurs a few days after exposure. The rash can also spread to parts of the body that were not exposed to the sun.
system: What are sun-sensitizing drugs?
output: Some reactions are caused by exposure to the sun's UVB or "short" waves, but most are caused by UVA or "long" wave exposure. People with HIV are among the most likely group to experience sun sensitivity to drugs.
system: What effect can sun-sensitizing drugs have on the body?
output: Sun-sensitizing drugs can aggravate existing skin conditions, including eczema and herpes, and may inflame scar tissue. Sun exposure can also worsen or even precipitate autoimmune disorders, such as lupus. Can sunscreen help? But some ingredients in sunscreens are potentially photosensitizing, so in rare circumstances, it could worsen symptoms.
system: What is gestational diabetes insipidus?
output: In some cases, the disease runs in the family.
system: How does gestational diabetes insipidus affect women?
output: This condition can make you so thirsty you drink many glasses of water a day. As a result, you might go to the bathroom more than once or twice an hour. This isn't a result of pregnancy but of diabetes insipidus, which is sometimes called "water" diabetes. It has symptoms like other forms of the disease, but isn't related.
system: How is gestational diabetes insipidus treated?
output: The doctor may opt not to treat gestagenic DI. If that's the case, he'll likely ask you to come to the office a lot. He'll make sure your body doesn't retain too much fluid. You'll also need to keep liquids with you so you don't get dehydrated. You may need to take desmopressin, a man-made form of vasopressin. It usually comes as a nasal spray. This treatment helps control urine. It also stops bedwetting by letting your body to absorb and manage water from your kidneys. If your body's thirst control is the cause of gestational DI, your doctor will prescribe other treatments.
system: How is gestational diabetes insipidus diagnosed?
output: If your body's thirst control is the cause of gestational DI, your doctor will prescribe other treatments.
system: What are the symptoms of gestational diabetes insipidus?
output: Most pregnant women make many trips to the bathroom at night due to pressure the growing baby puts on the bladder. But if you go a lot and have an intense thirst, it could be gestagenic diabetes. Other symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and weakness.
system: When should I see my doctor if I think I have gestational diabetes insipidus?
output: As a result, you might go to the bathroom more than once or twice an hour. Most pregnant women make many trips to the bathroom at night due to pressure the growing baby puts on the bladder. But if you go a lot and have an intense thirst, it could be gestagenic diabetes. Most cases go away 4 to 6 weeks after you give birth.
system: Is there medication for myelofibrosis?
output: There are two drugs approved to treat MF. They are entrectinib ( Rozlytrek) and ruxolitinib ( Jakafi). Most people with MF have a mutation, or change, in one of their genes that tell their body how to make blood cells. These inhibitors are used to block the processes those faulty genes The medications can ease some MF symptoms like anemia, enlarged spleen, bone pain, itching, and night sweats. But they can have side effects, like an increase in platelets, which might lead to blood clots, or make your anemia worse. You might also have bruising, dizziness, or headaches.
system: Can interferon alfa-2a help with spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?
output: Interferon alfa-2a.
system: What new treatments may be helpful for myelofibrosis?
output: Most people with MF have a mutation, or change, in one of their genes that tell their body how to make blood cells. These inhibitors are used to block the processes those faulty genes The medications can ease some MF symptoms like anemia, enlarged spleen, bone pain, itching, and night sweats.
system: How do erythropoietins treat anemia in myelofibrosis?
output: Erythropoietins. An injection of the hormone epoetin alfa ( Epogen, Procrit) helps you make more red blood cells. This treatment could make it more likely for you to get blood clots.
system: How is treatment for myelofibrosis chosen?
output: MF affects everyone in different ways. Things like your age, blood cell counts, levels of immature blood cells called blasts, and symptoms like anemia or severe weight loss can help your doctor plan your treatment. One way to do this is to rank your risk of serious health problems using a scoring formula. Based on your results, you and your doctor will decide which approach is best for you. That includes waiting until you have symptoms to start treatment.
system: What are the benefits and side effects of taking Jakafi for myelofibrosis?
output: These inhibitors are used to block the processes those faulty genes The medications can ease some MF symptoms like anemia, enlarged spleen, bone pain, itching, and night sweats. But they can have side effects, like an increase in platelets, which might lead to blood clots, or make your anemia worse. You might also have bruising, dizziness, or headaches.
system: What supplements can help with myelofibrosis?
output: Supplements like iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12 supplements may help you ease anemia symptoms by replacing lost nutrients.
system: How do blood transfusions treat anemia in myelofibrosis?
output: These can give you more red blood cells and ease symptoms from severe anemia.
system: How can I reduce stress associated with myelofibrosis?
output: Meditation, yoga, exercise, or socializing with friends could help you reduce stress. Try peppermint tea to ease nausea from chemotherapy. Seek counseling from a therapist to help you cope with having cancer. Talking to other people who have the disease or their caregivers may help you handle yours better, too. The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and American Cancer Society both offer online support and local groups.
system: Are there alternative therapies for myelofibrosis?
output: Natural approaches could ease your symptoms or just help you manage your disease. While they won't treat or cure your cancer, they could help you feel better overall. Talk to your doctor before you try any of them.
system: How does androgen therapy treat anemia in myelofibrosis?
output: It can cause side effects like liver damage, and in women, changes such as body hair growth or hair loss. Blood transfusions. These can give you more red blood cells and ease symptoms from severe anemia.
system: Can radiation help with spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?
output: If surgery isn't a good option for you, you might try radiation, like X-rays, to reduce the size of your spleen.
system: Do I have to treat myelofibrosis?
output: Myelofibrosis ( MF) treatment is based on your symptoms. If you don't feel bad right now, you may be able to just watch and wait without treating your cancer. Regular checkups and blood tests will make sure you don't have complications like anemia or an enlarged spleen.
system: Is there a cure for myelofibrosis?
output: Only through a process called allogenic stem cell transplantation. In MF, your stem cells don't work like they should. This causes scar tissue to build up in your bone marrow. During this treatment, you're given healthy stem cells from a donor to replace your faulty ones. So you should only try it if you have a high chance of complications from your MF. This treatment could make it more likely for you to get blood clots.
system: Can chemotherapy help with spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?
output: Chemotherapy. Drugs like hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea, Siklos) or cladribine can help shrink your spleen and ease your pain. Hydroxyurea isn't good for you if you have severe anemia, and it could cause skin ulcers. Cladribine may cause bleeding or raise your risk of infections.
system: Why is allogenic stem cell transplantation risky?
output: Before you start, you'll need high doses either of chemotherapy or radiation to destroy the cells in your bone marrow. Then the donor's healthy stem cells go into your body. You might hear a doctor call this "graft versus host disease." It can be life-threatening. The transplant could also damage your organs or blood vessels, cause cataracts, or lead to other types of cancer.
system: Can you get surgery for spleen swelling in myelofibrosis?
output: One way to do this is to rank your risk of serious health problems using a scoring formula. Cladribine may cause bleeding or raise your risk of infections. Some people may get an enlarged liver after spleen removal or make too many platelets, which could cause blood clots. The drug anagrelide ( Agrylin) helps lower platelets after spleen surgery. Side effects include headaches or rapid heartbeat.
system: How can your habits and lifestyle affect your risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
output: Alcohol: For some people, binge drinking is a trigger. But for others, even a modest amount can trigger AFib. Stimulants: Caffeine, cigarettes, and other things that rev up your system can set off AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it. Stress and worry: When you're under a lot of pressure or feeling worn out, it could trigger an episode or make your symptoms worse.
system: Who may be at a greater risk for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
output: Medication: Research suggests that people who take high doses of steroids -- perhaps for asthma or other conditions -- may be more likely to get AFib. If your chances are higher anyway, this treatment can trigger an episode.
system: How does atrial fibrillation (AFib) happen?
output: Atrial fibrillation ( AFib) is the most common problem with your heartbeat's rate or rhythm. The basic cause of AFib is disorganized signals that make your heart's two upper chambers (the atria) squeeze very fast and out of sync. They contract so quickly that the heart walls quiver, or fibrillate.
system: Who is more likely to get atrial fibrillation (AFib)?
output: Things that most often lead to AFib Include: Age Genes Heart disease Sick sinus syndrome Heart attack High blood pressure Lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) or emphysema, or a blood clot in your lung (pulmonary embolism) An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome Sleep apnea Infections caused by a virus Age: Your odds go up as you get older, especially after age 60. In part, that's because you're more likely to get heart disease and other conditions that can cause AFib. Caffeine will probably affect you more if you don't usually drink it.
system: What are some ways to lower your chance of getting a yeast infection?
output: You're more likely to get one when you: Are pregnant Have diabetes Have a weakened immune system Take antibiotics Use birth control with high doses of the hormone estrogen Use douches or vaginal sprays It may not be possible for all women to prevent yeast infections, but here's what you can do to lower your odds. It doesn't hold onto heat or moisture. It will help keep you dry. They can boost your body temperature and increase the amount of moisture around your private parts. That raises your chances for a yeast infection. Don't douche. â Feminine hygiene productsâ like douches can disrupt the balance of bacteria in your vagina by removing some of the good bacteria that's supposed to be there to fight off infections. Skip the scent in feminine products. You don't need them for conditions like a cold, because they don't do anything against a virus.
system: What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in children?
output: The most common form shows up around puberty. Children lose body fat from their arms, legs, and trunk while they gain fat in their face, chin, and neck. They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. They could have insulin resistance and an enlarged liver, too.
system: How can I help my child manage their inherited lipodystrophy?
output: Because this condition affects how someone looks, care and compassion are as important as medicine. Focus on keeping your child healthy and giving her a meaningful, rewarding life. Set the tone for others. Be positive and open-minded. People may not know how to react or what to say to keep from prying or offending or embarrassing you. When someone asks about her, be matter-of-fact about her condition. Do what you can to boost self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on achievements, rather than appearance. Encourage friendships. But kids will be kids, so prepare her for unkind looks and words. Help her practice how she can respond with role-play and humor. Think about getting professional counseling. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease.
system: If my child has congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), how can a doctor help with reshaping his facial features?
output: As your child with CGL gets older, he may be able to get plastic surgery for his face with skin grafts from his thighs, belly, or scalp. Doctors can also use implants and injections of fillers to help reshape facial features.
system: What tests are used during the diagnosis of inherited lipodystrophy?
output: After talking to you and doing a full exam, the doctor may want to do some tests to learn more about what type of lipodystrophy your child has. Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid Checking your child's blood for leptin won't diagnose lipodystrophy, but it can help your doctor decide how to treat it. Urine tests check for kidney problems. X-rays use radiation in low doses to make images of structures inside his body. These can show bone problems that some people with lipodystrophy have. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope. Genetic testing may find the specific problem genes to pinpoint what type of lipodystrophy he has.
system: I have fat deposits caused by familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), how can I treat this?
output: People with FPL who have extra fat deposits can have liposuction to get rid of some areas, but fat may build up again. Talk to your doctor about what approach for his appearance makes sense and when.
system: What are my treatment options for congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL)?
output: People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases. Statins and omega-3 fatty acids, found in some fish, can help control high cholesterol or triglycerides, too.
system: I have familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), will I pass this onto my children?
output: Someone with FPL has a 50/50 chance of passing the faulty gene to their child.
system: What can I expect with inherited lipodystrophy?
output: How long and how well someone with inherited lipodystrophy lives depends on how well they can manage the complications. Heart, blood vessel, liver, and kidney problems are common, and sometimes they're life-threatening. Diabetes is often hard to control. Some people have bone, immune system, or hormone-related troubles.
system: What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in adults?
output: Adults with CGL have large hands and feet and a strong, square jawbone because their hormone balance is off and they keep growing. They could have larger than usual sex organs (clitoris, or penis and testicles). A woman might have irregular periods or no periods. She could have polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). She'll probably have extra hair on her upper lip and chin.
system: How can I manage my familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL)?
output: Exercise, especially if you have FPL, will help you stay healthy, too. Physical activity lowers blood sugar and can keep fat from building up where it shouldn't.
system: How can I prevent serious complications of inherited lipodystrophy?
output: Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options.
system: What other problems can inherited lipodystrophy cause?
output: This condition causes other problems, too, including diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and fatty liver disease.
system: What causes inherited lipodystrophy?
output: The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy. That's why there are different subtypes. Sometimes, just one bad gene from one parent can cause it; sometimes, you must get a gene from each parent. It's also possible to have a bad gene but not get the disease.
system: What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in babies?
output: Babies look very muscular because they have almost no body fat. Most have a large belly button or a hernia, or bulging, around it. They grow fast and are very hungry. Their skin may be dark, thick, and velvety in places, especially at the neck, armpits, and where their legs meet the trunk of their body. Infants usually develop an enlarged liver. Young kids have problems controlling their blood sugar and triglyceride levels. Some children will have trouble thinking and learning.
system: What questions will my doctor ask me once I'm diagnosed with inherited lipodystrophy?
output: These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed? When did you first see them? Are changes in how your child looks only in certain areas, or all over? Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Has he had bad belly aches or oily poop? What other health problems does he have? Are his parents related by blood? Does anyone else in the family have problems with body fat?
system: If my child has inherited lipodystrophy, what medications should they take?
output: If your child has diabetes, she'll need to take insulin or other drugs to control her blood sugar.
system: Is family history important when diagnosis inherited lipodystrophy?
output: Since lipodystrophy is passed on by genes, your family history is very important.
system: Is inherited lipodystrophy related to other illnesses?
output: Inherited lipodystrophy is actually a group of related illnesses. The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy.
system: What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in women?
output: It's easier to recognize FPL in women, since men tend to look muscular even without the disease. About one-quarter of women get more body hair. They can also have problems with their periods and may get PCOS. These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed?
system: Is support available to help me cope with my inherited lipodystrophy?
output: The condition can also make fat build up in places it shouldn't, like the blood, heart, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options.
system: What chemical am I lacking if I have inherited lipodystrophy?
output: Leptin tells your body you've eaten enough and to make insulin. How many people with this disease have you treated?
system: What medication can help lighten dark skin patches caused by inherited lipodystrophy?
output: They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope.