laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How is uveitis diagnosed?
output: If you notice any of these, see an eye doctor right away: Change in vision Dark floating spots (floaters) Eye pain Eye redness Light sensitivity Swelling You'll need to see an eye doctor called an ophthalmologist. She'll give you an eye exam and ask you questions about your symptoms, like: Have you had any pain? Where? How is your vision? Have you noticed any changes? Is it hard for you to look at light or be in a bright place? Does anything make your symptoms better or worse? Have you injured your eye or your face recently? Do you have any other medical conditions?
system: Are there different types of uveitis?
output: There are two types: Infectious uveitis can result from a bacteria or virus in your eye. Noninfectious uveitis can result from an eye injury or a disease somewhere else in your body. That causes inflammation. During eye exam, the doctor will: Test your vision to see if your eyesight has changed Measure the pressure in your eye Widen, or dilate, your pupils so she can look at the back of your eye Use a microscope and a thin beam of light to check different parts of your eye.
system: What can I do about uveitis?
output: You might have it for a short time or for many years. Treatment will help ease any eye pain and swelling you may have, but keep your doctor informed about any discomfort or changes in your vision. If your uveitis was caused by another medical condition, you'll need to make sure you get the right treatment for it as well. Whatever the case, medicines can help ease pain, restore vision, and stop damage to your eye.
system: What are cavernous hemangiomas?
output: Cavernous hemangiomas (also called angioma cavernosum or cavernoma) are similar to strawberry hemangiomas but are more deeply situated. They may appear as a red-blue spongy mass of tissue filled with blood. Some of these lesions may disappear on their own -- usually as a child approaches school age.
system: What are salmon patches?
output: Salmon patches (also called stork bites) are very common birthmarks and appear on newborn babies. These marks are small blood vessels (capillaries) that are visible through the skin. They are most common on the forehead, eyelids, upper lip, between the eyebrows, and the back of the neck. Often, these marks fade as the infant grows.
system: Do birthmarks need to be treated?
output: Most birthmarks need no treatment. They usually remain stable as a child grows older. However, some areas that can resemble blood vessel tumors -- called hemangiomas -- may need treatment because of their location. For example, a raised hemangioma near a child's eye may interfere with his or her ability to see. In rare cases, birthmarks are associated with other conditions, such as growths in the liver, lungs, stomach, or intestines.
system: What are strawberry hemangiomas?
output: Types of hemangiomas and birthmarks include: Strawberry hemangiomas (also called strawberry mark, nevus vascularis, capillary hemangioma, hemangioma simplex) may appear anywhere on the body, but are most common on the face, scalp, back, or chest. They consist of small, closely packed blood vessels. They may be absent at birth, and develop during the first several weeks afterward. They usually grow rapidly, remain a fixed size, and then subside. In most cases, strawberry hemangiomas disappear by the time a child is 10 years old.
system: What are signs of red birthmarks?
output: Signs of red birthmarks include: Skin markings that develop before or shortly after birth Skin markings that resemble blood vessels In most cases, a health professional can diagnose a red birthmark based on the appearance of the skin.
system: What are hemangiomas?
output: The hemangioma is a common type of vascular tumor that may occur early in life and resemble a birthmark. It is usually painless and harmless and its cause is not known.
system: How is carcinoid syndrome diagnosed?
output: These include your symptoms and the location and size of the tumor or tumors.
system: Is carcinoid syndrome common in people with a carcinoid tumor?
output: Carcinoid syndrome is a group of symptoms that result from a rare type of tumor called a carcinoid tumor.
system: What is carcinoid syndrome?
output: This tumor grows slowly, starting most often in cells that line the digestive tract or lung. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in fewer than 20% of those with a carcinoid tumor.
system: How is the spread of carcinoid tumors treated?
output: Some examples are: Interferon, often given along with octreotide for symptoms and to help slow tumor growth Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine that can be used with carcinoid tumors that release histamines Telotristat ethyl ( Xermelo) can be used in combination with SSA therapy to treat adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea In addition to surgery, your doctor may treat the spread of the tumor to the liver with: Hepatic artery embolization, which reduces blood supply to the liver tumor Cryoablation, which freezes the tumor Radiofrequency ablation ( RFA), which kills tumor cells with heat from electric currents Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to stop the growth of tumor cells Chemoembolization, which delivers a high dose of chemotherapy directly into a blood vessel that feeds the tumor and also blocks the arteries, trapping the drug in the tumor Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill tumor cells You can take steps at home to help with the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome.
system: What are the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?
output: In many cases, carcinoid tumors often cause no symptoms. In advanced cases, when the tumor has spread, the increased release of hormonal substances can cause a diverse set of symptoms.
system: Other than octreotide and lanreotide, what drugs can control specific symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?
output: Other drugs control specific symptoms. Some examples are: Interferon, often given along with octreotide for symptoms and to help slow tumor growth Cyproheptadine, an antihistamine that can be used with carcinoid tumors that release histamines Telotristat ethyl ( Xermelo) can be used in combination with SSA therapy to treat adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea In addition to surgery, your doctor may treat the spread of the tumor to the liver with: Hepatic artery embolization, which reduces blood supply to the liver tumor Cryoablation, which freezes the tumor Radiofrequency ablation ( RFA), which kills tumor cells with heat from electric currents Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to stop the growth of tumor cells Chemoembolization, which delivers a high dose of chemotherapy directly into a blood vessel that feeds the tumor and also blocks the arteries, trapping the drug in the tumor Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill tumor cells You can take steps at home to help with the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome.
system: Can surgery cure carcinoid syndrome?
output: Surgery may cure the syndrome if it can remove the entire tumor. Surgery may involve removing the tumor, nearby lymph nodes, and other tissue.
system: How are somatostatin analogues used to treat carcinoid syndrome?
output: Somatostatin analogues ( SSA) are drugs that block the extra release of hormones that cause the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Octreotide is one example of this type of drug. It is typically given by injection. Symptoms such as diarrhea and flushing may lessen quickly. Lanreotide is a similar type of drug that may also help with symptoms. These medications will not reduce the size of the tumor but may help slow its growth.
system: How are carcinoid tumors treated?
output: Severe symptoms include: Severe, lasting flushing Confusion Very low blood pressure A very rapid heartbeat Trouble breathing Bluish skin color The type of treatment your doctor suggests depends on many factors. These include your symptoms and the location and size of the tumor or tumors.
system: What things can be done at home to help with symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?
output: You can take steps to improve these symptoms. This might include stress, certain types of physical activity, a large meal, alcohol, and some foods such as aged cheeses and other tyramine-containing foods.
system: When should I go to the doctor for symptoms of carcinoid tumor?
output: You may be at greater risk if you: Are African- American Have a certain genetic syndrome Have a condition that affects the stomach's ability to produce acid Carcinoid syndrome results when a carcinoid tumor is advanced and releases large amounts of hormonal substances such as serotonin or other substances. Severe symptoms include: Severe, lasting flushing Confusion Very low blood pressure A very rapid heartbeat Trouble breathing Bluish skin color The type of treatment your doctor suggests depends on many factors.
system: How safe are natural therapies in the treatment for bipolar disorder?
output: In addition, always discuss any alternative remedy or dietary supplement with your doctor to avoid an herb/drug interaction, which could be medically dangerous. No matter what the advertising flyer claims at the natural food store, even the most popular medicinal herbs with pharmaceutical compounds have ingredients that have not been tested and are not scrutinized by FDA. Unlike products that have FDA approval, many herbal products have not gone through clinical trials to show that they are safe and effective before going onto the market.
system: How safe is St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) in treating bipolar disorder?
output: But St. John's wort is not recommended for the treatment of bipolar disorder. In addition, St. John's wort may cause serious herb-drug reactions if taken with other SSRI medications such as Prozac.
system: What is radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: Surgery alone may cure the cancer, so not everyone needs this step. After the operation, your thyroid gets tested. The results will help you and your doctor decide if you might need RAI ablation to keep cancer from returning. This is typically a one-time treatment where you take a pill with radioactive iodine. Any leftover thyroid cells take in the iodine, which then kills them. It doesn't usually have side effects, since only thyroid cells soak it up.
system: What are symptoms of papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: Often, you won't have any. You might only find out about it because of an imaging test for another problem. Or, during a routine physical, your doctor might just happen to feel a lump, called a nodule, on your thyroid. Nodules are growths that may be solid or filled with fluid. They're very common and often don't cause any trouble. But about 1 in 20 are cancer.
system: What are symptoms of papillary thyroid carcinoma as a nodule gets bigger?
output: As a nodule gets bigger, you may start to have symptoms like: Lump in your neck that you can see or feel Hard time swallowing (you might have pain or find that food or pills get stuck) Sore throat or hoarseness that doesn't go away Swollen lymph nodes in your neck Trouble breathing, especially when you lie down Doctors aren't sure.
system: What might raise your chances of getting papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: You may have a higher chance of getting papillary thyroid carcinoma because of things like: Certain genetic conditions. Diseases like familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP), Gardner syndrome, and Cowden disease can raise your odds. Family history. In a small number of cases, papillary thyroid carcinoma runs in the family. Radiation therapy. If you had radiation to treat cancer for another condition when you were a child, it can raise your chances. Gender. It's much more common in women than men, but doctors aren't sure why.
system: Who might need radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation for papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: You typically get RAI ablation if you had nodules bigger than 4 centimeters or if the cancer: Grows beyond the thyroid Moves into the lymph nodes Spreads to another part of your body Thyroid hormone pills.
system: What follow-up care will you need after getting papillary thyroid carcinoma treatment?
output: At first, you'll get blood tests every few months to check your thyroid hormone levels and get the dose right for your medicine. Once everything has evened out, you'll get an ultrasound and blood tests every 6-12 months. This is to check that you still have the right dose for your meds and to make sure the cancer hasn't come back.
system: How is papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed?
output: You'll need a few different tests to see if a nodule is cancer. Physical exam. Your doctor will feel for unusual growths in your neck and ask about any symptoms you might have. Blood tests. You may get your thyroid hormone levels checked. Your doctor will find out about their shape, size, and other features. Your doctor will use a very fine needle to take a sample of the nodule to test for cancer. Typically, the most you'll feel during it is a small pinch. Once everything has evened out, you'll get an ultrasound and blood tests every 6-12 months.
system: What happens during surgery to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: In a small number of cases, papillary thyroid carcinoma runs in the family. If the cancer is small, you might choose to have only part of your thyroid removed. Even in this case though, many doctors think it's better to take it out completely. It can make follow-up care work better and lower the chances that cancer comes back.
system: What is papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: It's only about as big as a quarter, but the hormones it makes help control how your body works, including your blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature. While it may come as a shock to learn you have papillary thyroid carcinoma, keep in mind that it's a slow-growing cancer that usually can be cured. This is a hormone from your pituitary gland that would normally tell your thyroid to start pumping out hormones.
system: How do thyroid hormone pills help treat papillary thyroid carcinoma?
output: If the cancer is small, you might choose to have only part of your thyroid removed. You start taking these after surgery. It gives your body the thyroid hormones that you no longer make on your own, since your thyroid has been removed. You'll typically take one pill a day for the rest of your life. The pill also stops your body from making thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH). And that would raise the odds that cancer could return.
system: How does vasectomy reversal affect my sex life?
output: But don't have sex or ejaculate until your doctor gives you the âall clear.â Most doctors recommend that you wait 2 to 3 weeks to have sex.
system: How Is a vasectomy reversed?
output: This can be done using one of two methods. The first is through vasovasostomy, where your doctor sews the ends of the vas deferens from the testes to the penis back together. The second method is vasoepididymostomy. Here, the doctor attaches the vas deferens to the small organ at the back of each testicle that holds sperm. It's far more difficult than a vasovasostomy. Your doctor may only choose this method if you can't have a vasovasostomy or if he doesn't think it will work.
system: How do I know if reverse vasectomy worked?
output: You'll know your vasectomy reversal was successful if sperm appear in your semen after a few months. And if you had a vasoepididymostomy, it may take even longer than a year for sperm to appear in your semen.
system: When should you call the doctor about dehydration in a child?
output: Dehydration can be serious in a baby or young child. If you notice these signs, see a doctor right away: Extreme sleepiness Less responsive than usual Few wet diapers Cold and blotchy hands and feet No tears when crying Dark yellow pee Very dry mouth Usually, dehydration is easy to treat at home if you get out of the heat and drink plenty of liquids. But once you're thirsty, you're probably already dehydrated, so it's best to drink plenty of fluids regularly.
system: What causes dehydration?
output: You can become dehydrated for many different reasons. It could be from sweating too much. Vomiting or diarrhea can quickly remove fluids from your body, too. So can medicines that make you pee a lot. All of these things can cause you to lose more water and electrolytes (essential minerals in your blood and body fluids) than are good for you. If you don't have enough, your body has trouble doing the things it's supposed to do. There's really only one way to treat dehydration -- replace the fluids and electrolytes your body has lost.
system: What are alternative treatments for ankylosing spondylitis?
output: Ask your doctor about how these techniques can help ease pain and stiffness in addition to your other treatments: Acupuncture Massage Yoga Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) Things you can do at home to improve your AS symptoms include: Exercise daily.
system: What is axial ankylosing spondylitis?
output: There are two types of AS. Axial AS causes lower back pain. Peripheral AS causes pain and swelling in joints other than your spine.
system: What can I do to improve quality of life with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)?
output: Heat and cold therapy. Healthy lifestyle and food choices. Take your drugs as prescribed, don't smoke, and exercise daily to help ease your inflammation and prevent spine fusion or organ damage.
system: What are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?
output: Pain and stiffness. You might also feel pain in other joints such as your knees, shoulders, and jaw.
system: Who gets ankylosing spondylitis?
output: It tends to start between your teens and 30s. You can inherit it from your parents. One gene, called HLA- B27, is common in people with AS. There are two types of AS.
system: How can older adults avoid falls at home?
output: Get a friend or family member to help you clear your walkways of anything you can trip over. Make sure your light switches are easy to reach, and at the bottom and top of any stairs. Turn the lights on before you get up to move around. Use self-adhesive, non-skid mats or safety treads in bathtubs, showers, and pools. Put non-skid rugs on bathroom floors and pads under rugs on bare floors. Grab hold. Put handrails in the shower and wherever else you need them. Move it where you use it. Wear sturdy shoes inside and outside.
system: How can I prevent night terrors?
output: If your child has night terrors, you can try to interrupt her sleep in order to prevent one. Here is how to do it: First, note how many minutes the night terror occurs from your child's bedtime. Then, awaken your child 15 minutes before the expected night terror, and keep her awake and out of bed for five minutes. You may want to take your child to the bathroom to see if she will urinate. Continue this routine for a week.
system: What exams and tests do doctors use to diagnose night terrors?
output: Usually, a complete history and a physical exam are sufficient to diagnose night terrors. If other disorders are suspected, additional tests may be useful to exclude them: An electroencephalogram ( EEG), which measures brain activity, may be performed if a seizure disorder is suspected. Polysomnography (a combination of tests used to check for adequate breathing while asleep) may be done if a breathing disorder is suspected. CT scans and MRIs are usually not necessary.
system: How can I treat night terrors at home?
output: Parents might take the following precautions at home: Make the child's room safe to try to prevent the child from being injured during an episode. Eliminate all sources of sleep disturbance. Maintain a consistent bedtime routine and wake-up time.
system: What is the medical treatment for night terrors?
output: Unfortunately, no adequate treatment exists for night terrors. Management primarily consists of educating family members about the disorder and reassuring them that the episodes are not harmful. In severe cases in which daily activities (for example, school performance or peer or family relations) are affected, low-dose benzodiazepines (such as clonazepam) or tricyclic antidepressants (such as imipramine) may be used as a temporary treatment.
system: What are the symptoms of night terrors?
output: While most of the time they have no specific cause, night terrors can sometimes result from: Stressful life events Fever Sleep deprivation Medications that affect the central nervous system (the brain) Recent anesthesia given for surgery In addition to frequent recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, with difficulty arousing the child, children with night terrors may also experience the following: Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Tachypnea (increased breathing rate) Sweating during episodes The typical night terror episode usually begins approximately 90 minutes after falling asleep.
system: What should I know about night terrors?
output: Night terrors typically occur in children ages 3-12, with a peak onset at age 3 1/2. There are two main types of sleep: rapid eye movement ( REM) and non-rapid eye movement (non- REM). Non- REM sleep has stages, and night terrors happen during the transition from stage 3 to stage 4. They typically occur approximately 90 minutes after the child falls asleep. Night terrors are distinctly different from the common nightmares, which occur during REM sleep. Night terrors are characterized by frequent recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, with difficulty arousing the child. Unlike nightmares, most children do not recall a dream after a night terror episode, and they usually do not remember the episode the next morning. Night terrors are frightening episodes that can disrupt family life. An estimated 1%-6% of children experience night terrors. Boys and girls are equally affected. Children of all races also seem to be affected equally. It is a disorder that is usually outgrown by adolescence.
system: What is the outlook for night terrors?
output: It is a disorder that is usually outgrown by adolescence.
system: When should I seek medical care for night terrors?
output: Sleep disruption is a parent's most frequent concern during the first years of a child's life. Half of all children develop a disrupted sleep pattern serious enough to warrant a visit to the pediatrician. During his or her evaluation, the doctor may also be able to exclude other possible disorders that might cause night terrors.
system: How do night terrors happen?
output: They typically occur approximately 90 minutes after the child falls asleep. The child sits up in bed and screams, appearing awake but is confused, disoriented, and unresponsive to stimuli. Although the child seems to be awake, the child does not seem to be aware of the parents' presence and usually does not talk. The child may thrash around in bed and does not respond to comforting by the parents. Most episodes last 1-2 minutes, but they may last up to 30 minutes before the child relaxes and returns to normal sleep. If the child does awake during a night terror, only small pieces of the episode may be recalled. Usually, the child does not remember the episode upon waking in the morning.
system: What causes night terrors?
output: While most of the time they have no specific cause, night terrors can sometimes result from: Stressful life events Fever Sleep deprivation Medications that affect the central nervous system (the brain) Recent anesthesia given for surgery In addition to frequent recurrent episodes of intense crying and fear during sleep, with difficulty arousing the child, children with night terrors may also experience the following: Tachycardia (increased heart rate) Tachypnea (increased breathing rate) Sweating during episodes The typical night terror episode usually begins approximately 90 minutes after falling asleep. If your child has night terrors, you can try to interrupt her sleep in order to prevent one.