laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What should I do to prepare for a stress echocardiogram?
output: If you are scheduled for a dobutamine stress echo AND you have a pacemaker, please contact your doctor for specific instructions. Your device may need to be checked before the test. On the day of the stress echocardiogram, do not eat or drink anything except water for four hours before the test. Do not drink or eat caffeinated products (cola, chocolate, coffee, tea) for 24 hours before the test. Caffeine will interfere with the results of your test. Do not take any over-the-counter medications that contain caffeine for 24 hours before the test. Ask your doctor, pharmacist, or nurse if you have questions about medications that may contain caffeine.
system: What is an echocardiogram?
output: The test is used to evaluate your heart and valve function when you are unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike.
system: What is a stress echocardiogram?
output: Stress echocardiogram: This is an echocardiogram that is performed while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bicycle. This test can be used to visualize the motion of the heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed. It may reveal a lack of blood flow that isn't always apparent on other heart tests. The echocardiogram is performed just prior and just after the exercise.
system: What is an intravascular ultrasound?
output: Intravascular ultrasound: This is an ultrasound performed during cardiac catheterization. During this procedure, the transducer is threaded into the heart blood vessels via a catheter in the groin. It is often used to provide detailed information about the atherosclerosis (blockage) inside the blood vessels.
system: What happens during the transesophageal echocardiogram?
output: Before the transesophageal echocardiogram, you will be asked to remove dentures. An intravenous line ( IV) will be inserted into a vein in your arm or hand so that medications can be delivered during the test. A technician will gently rub three small areas on your chest and place electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on these areas. The electrodes are attached to an electrocardiograph monitor ( ECG or EKG) that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test. A blood pressure cuff will be placed on your arm to monitor your blood pressure during the test. A small clip, attached to a pulse oximeter, will be placed on your finger to monitor the oxygen level of your blood during the test. A mild sedative (medicine to help you relax) will be given through your IV. Because of the sedative, you may not be entirely awake for the test. An ultrasound probe (viewing instrument) will be inserted into your mouth, down your throat, and into your esophagus. This won't affect your breathing. You may be asked to swallow at certain times to help the ultrasound probe pass into your esophagus. This part of the test lasts a few seconds and may be uncomfortable. Once the probe is positioned, pictures of the heart are obtained at various angles. You will not feel this part of the test.
system: How should I prepare for the echocardiogram?
output: On the day of the echocardiogram, eat and drink as you normally would. Take all of your medications at the usual times, as prescribed by your doctor.
system: What is a dobutamine stress echocardiogram?
output: Dobutamine stress echocardiogram: This is another form of stress echocardiogram. However, instead of exercising to stress the heart, the stress is obtained by giving a drug that stimulates the heart and makes it "think" it is exercising. The test is used to evaluate your heart and valve function when you are unable to exercise on a treadmill or stationary bike. It is also used to determine how well your heart tolerates activity and your likelihood of having coronary artery disease (blocked arteries), and evaluates the effectiveness of your cardiac treatment plan.
system: How long does a stress echocardiogram take?
output: The appointment will take about 60 minutes. The actual infusion time is usually about 15 minutes. After the test, plan to stay in the waiting room until all of the symptoms you may have experienced during the test have passed. Your doctor will discuss the test results with you.
system: What happens during a stress echocardiogram?
output: When getting a dobutamine-induced stress test, a technician will place electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on your chest. The technician will perform a resting echocardiogram, measure your resting heart rate, and take your blood pressure. The doctor or nurse will administer the dobutamine into the IV while the technician continues to obtain echo images. The medication will cause your heart to react as if you were exercising: your heart rate will rise and you may feel it beating more strongly. It may cause a warm, flushing feeling and in some cases, a mild headache. At regular intervals, the lab personnel will ask how you are feeling. Please tell them if you feel chest, arm, or jaw pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, or any other unusual symptoms. The lab personnel will watch for any changes on the ECG monitor that suggest the test should be stopped. The IV will be removed from your arm once all of the medication has entered your bloodstream. An intravenous line ( IV) will be inserted into a vein in your arm or hand so that medications can be delivered during the test. The electrodes are attached to an electrocardiograph monitor ( ECG or EKG) that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test.
system: What should I do to prepare for a transesophageal echocardiogram?
output: If you have any questions about your medications, ask your doctor. On the day of a transesophageal echocardiogram, do not eat or drink anything for six hours before the test. Take all of your medications at the usual times, as prescribed by your doctor. If you must take medication before the test, take it with a small sip of water. If you have diabetes and take medication or insulin to manage your blood sugar, please ask your doctor or the testing center for specific guidelines about taking your diabetes medications before the test. Someone should come with you to your appointment to take you home, as you should not drive until the day after the test. The sedation given during the test causes drowsiness, dizziness, and impairs your judgment, making it unsafe for you to drive or operate machinery.
system: How long does an echocardiogram take?
output: Your doctor will discuss the test results with you. The appointment will take about 60 minutes. You should not eat or drink until the anesthetic wears off -- about an hour after the test.
system: What happens after a transesophageal echocardiogram?
output: Your doctor will discuss the test results with you. When completed, the probe is withdrawn. You will be monitored for about 20-30 minutes after the test, which takes about 10-30 minutes to perform. Someone will need to drive you home after the test. You should not eat or drink until the anesthetic wears off -- about an hour after the test.
system: How do I reduce swelling and prevent injury of an area affected by fracture or dislocation?
output: Apply firm pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. Elevate the injured area if possible.
system: When do I need eye protection?
output: Sports like ice hockey, racquetball, and lacrosse can also lead to eye injury. Wear eye protection. Helmets with protective face masks or sports goggles with polycarbonate lenses will shield your eyes.
system: What happens when you stare at a screen for too long?
output: Staring at a computer or phone screen for too long can cause: Eyestrain Blurry vision Trouble focusing at a distance Dry eyes Headaches Neck, back, and shoulder pain To protect your eyes: Make sure your glasses or contacts prescription is up to date and good for looking at a computer screen.
system: Does smoking damage eyes?
output: It makes you more likely to get cataracts, damage to your optic nerve, and macular degeneration, among many other medical problems. If you've tried to kick the habit before only to start again, keep at it. The more times you try to quit, the more likely you are to succeed. Ask your doctor for help.
system: What nutrients are good for eyes when you're older?
output: Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E might help ward off age-related vision problems like macular degeneration and cataracts.
system: What's a good diet for healthy eyes?
output: Good eye health starts with the food on your plate. Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E might help ward off age-related vision problems like macular degeneration and cataracts. To get them, fill your plate with: Green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, and collards Salmon, tuna, and other oily fish Eggs, nuts, beans, and other nonmeat protein sources Oranges and other citrus fruits or juices Oysters and pork A well-balanced diet also helps you stay at a healthy weight. That lowers your odds of obesity and related diseases like type 2 diabetes, which is the leading cause of blindness in adults.
system: How can a well-balanced diet keep your eyes healthy?
output: To get them, fill your plate with: Green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, and collards Salmon, tuna, and other oily fish Eggs, nuts, beans, and other nonmeat protein sources Oranges and other citrus fruits or juices Oysters and pork A well-balanced diet also helps you stay at a healthy weight. That lowers your odds of obesity and related diseases like type 2 diabetes, which is the leading cause of blindness in adults.
system: Are there different types of eye doctors?
output: Depending on your eye health needs, you can see one of two types of doctors: Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in eye care. They can provide general eye care, treat eye diseases, and perform eye surgery. Optometrists have had 4 years of specialized training after college. They provide general eye care and treat the most common eye diseases. They don't do eye surgery.
system: How can you protect your eyes from looking at a computer screen?
output: Staring at a computer or phone screen for too long can cause: Eyestrain Blurry vision Trouble focusing at a distance Dry eyes Headaches Neck, back, and shoulder pain To protect your eyes: Make sure your glasses or contacts prescription is up to date and good for looking at a computer screen. If your eye strain won't go away, talk to your doctor about computer glasses. Move the screen so your eyes are level with the top of the monitor. That lets you look slightly down at the screen. Try to avoid glare from windows and lights. Use an anti-glare screen if needed. Choose a comfortable, supportive chair. Position it so that your feet are flat on the floor. If your eyes are dry, blink more. Rest your eyes every 20 minutes. Look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Get up at least every 2 hours and take a 15-minute break.
system: What should you eat to keep your eyes healthy?
output: To get them, fill your plate with: Green leafy vegetables like spinach, kale, and collards Salmon, tuna, and other oily fish Eggs, nuts, beans, and other nonmeat protein sources Oranges and other citrus fruits or juices Oysters and pork A well-balanced diet also helps you stay at a healthy weight.
system: How can wearing sunglasses help keep your eyes healthy?
output: The right pair of shades will help protect your eyes from the sun's ultraviolet ( UV) rays. Too much UV exposure boosts your chances of cataracts and macular degeneration. Choose a pair that blocks 99% to 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Wraparound lenses help protect your eyes from the side. Polarized lenses reduce glare while you drive. If you wear contact lenses, some offer UV protection. It's still a good idea to wear sunglasses for an extra layer.
system: How can eating well help keep your eyes healthy?
output: Good eye health starts with the food on your plate. Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E might help ward off age-related vision problems like macular degeneration and cataracts.
system: What does a comprehensive eye exam include to keep your eyes healthy?
output: It makes you more likely to get cataracts, damage to your optic nerve, and macular degeneration, among many other medical problems.
system: What kind of sunglasses protect eyes from UV rays?
output: Too much UV exposure boosts your chances of cataracts and macular degeneration. Choose a pair that blocks 99% to 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Wraparound lenses help protect your eyes from the side. Polarized lenses reduce glare while you drive. If you wear contact lenses, some offer UV protection. It's still a good idea to wear sunglasses for an extra layer.
system: How do I protect my eyes while looking at a computer screen?
output: The more times you try to quit, the more likely you are to succeed. Staring at a computer or phone screen for too long can cause: Eyestrain Blurry vision Trouble focusing at a distance Dry eyes Headaches Neck, back, and shoulder pain To protect your eyes: Make sure your glasses or contacts prescription is up to date and good for looking at a computer screen. That lets you look slightly down at the screen. Use an anti-glare screen if needed. Position it so that your feet are flat on the floor. If your eyes are dry, blink more. Rest your eyes every 20 minutes. Look 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Get up at least every 2 hours and take a 15-minute break.
system: What are symptoms of bread dough poisoning in dogs?
output: If your dog has eaten bread dough, he may have these symptoms: Swollen belly Abdominal pain You'll know your dog has abdominal pain if he has symptoms such as: Doesn't want to lie down Stretches front legs out with chest down and rear up Yelps when abdomen is touched Doesn't want to eat While caffeine may give you a sense of wakefulness and energy, it's toxic to your dog.
system: What are symptoms of avocado poisoning in dogs?
output: Avocado poisoning in dogs can cause symptoms such as: Vomiting Diarrhea Keep bones from chicken, roasts, and other meats away from your dog.
system: Why shouldn't dogs have xylitol?
output: The symptoms of macadamia nut poisoning often begin with: Weakness Vomiting Stumbling Shaking Fever This is used as a sweetener in gum, candy, many other foods and drinks, and toothpaste. Fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms also contain small amounts of xylitol. In dogs, this ingredient can cause insulin, a hormone, to soar. This causes their blood sugar to drop steeply. Xylitol can also cause liver damage. Dogs often vomit after they eat or drink xylitol. Other symptoms include: Weakness Clumsiness Seizures
system: What are symptoms of alcohol poisoning in dogs?
output: Symptoms of alcohol poisoning in dogs include: Vomiting Excited behavior Clumsy movements Lack of energy Avocados and their seed and leaves contain a toxin called persin.
system: What are symptoms of chocolate poisoning in dogs?
output: Symptoms from eating a small amount of chocolate include: Vomiting Diarrhea If your dog eats larger amounts it can also lead to: Hyperactivity Tremors and seizures Irregular heartbeat Garlic and onions contain a chemical that breaks down into a substance that damages the red blood cells of dogs.
system: Why shouldn't dogs eat bones?
output: Avocado poisoning in dogs can cause symptoms such as: Vomiting Diarrhea Keep bones from chicken, roasts, and other meats away from your dog. He can choke while eating bones. Also, bones can break into sharp pieces that may cause bleeding and infection inside your dog.
system: Why shouldn't dogs eat grapes and raisins?
output: Symptoms after eating these foods can include: Vomiting Diarrhea Drooling More symptoms may begin days later, such as: Stumbling Lack of interest in eating Dark urine Grapes, and the raisins made from them, can cause kidney failure in dogs. This doesn't affect every dog that eats grapes or raisins. Experts still aren't sure which ingredient in the fruit may cause this problem.
system: Can dogs have caffeine?
output: If your dog has eaten bread dough, he may have these symptoms: Swollen belly Abdominal pain You'll know your dog has abdominal pain if he has symptoms such as: Doesn't want to lie down Stretches front legs out with chest down and rear up Yelps when abdomen is touched Doesn't want to eat While caffeine may give you a sense of wakefulness and energy, it's toxic to your dog. Keep these items away from him: Coffee or coffee grounds Tea Soda Energy drinks Tablets containing caffeine If your dog has caffeine poisoning he may have these symptoms: Hyperactive behavior Panting Clumsiness Muscle quivers Chocolate contains caffeine and a related chemical called theobromine that is also harmful to dogs.
system: What are symptoms of grape and raisin poisoning in dogs?
output: Symptoms after eating these foods can include: Vomiting Diarrhea Drooling More symptoms may begin days later, such as: Stumbling Lack of interest in eating Dark urine Grapes, and the raisins made from them, can cause kidney failure in dogs. The most common symptom is vomiting. Later symptoms of kidney failure include pain in the belly and less urine.
system: How do blood tests work for allergies?
output: A small amount of your blood is taken and analyzed. A lab checks for proteins called antibodies that your immune system might make in response to something you're allergic to. These blood tests may not give you results as specific as those from a skin test. They also tend to be more expensive. Talk to your doctor to see if they're the right thing for you to get to the bottom of your allergies.
system: How many deaths were caused by swine flu in the U.S.?
output: Swine flu -- A new type that spread worldwide during 2009-2010, causing the first flu pandemic -- global outbreak of disease -- caused by a new flu virus in more than 40 years.
system: What is the youngest age that you can have a flu shot?
output: 6 months -- The youngest age for which the CDC recommends a flu shot.
system: How many flu vaccines are usually prepared in the U.S. each year?
output: December to February -- Peak flu season in the U. S. 171 million to 179 million -- Number of flu vaccine doses expected to be available in the U. S. for the 2015-2016 flu season.
system: How many people die from the flu each year in the U.S.?
output: 3,000 to 49,000 -- Number of people who die each year from flu-related causes in the U. S. $10 billion+ -- Average costs of hospitalizations and outpatient doctor visits related to the flu.
system: When is flu season in the U.S.?
output: December to February -- Peak flu season in the U. S. 171 million to 179 million -- Number of flu vaccine doses expected to be available in the U. S. for the 2015-2016 flu season.
system: How long does it take for the flu to go away?
output: 3 to 7 days -- Time it takes for a regular case of the illness to go away. You might have a cough and fatigue for more than 2 weeks, though.
system: How many people are hospitalized due to the flu each year in the U.S.?
output: 200,000 -- Average number of Americans hospitalized each year because of problems with the illness.
system: How long does it take for flu symptoms to show up?
output: 1 to 4 days -- Typical time it takes for symptoms to show up once you've caught the virus. Adults can be contagious from the day before symptoms begin through 5 to 10 days after the illness starts.
system: How long does it take for a flu vaccine to work?
output: 2 weeks -- Time it takes after vaccination for an adult to develop disease-fighting antibodies against the flu.
system: What are the cons of taking NSAIDs for arthritis pain?
output: Like over-the-counter NSAIDs, taking these medications for a long time may cause serious side effects like a heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and stomach irritation and bleeding for some people, especially in those who are older. If you take a daily aspirin, you should also talk with your doctor about whether it's safe for you to take other NSAIDs. NSAIDs you rub on your skin, such as diclofenac cream, also work well for hand and knee arthritis and are less likely to cause side effects than pills that you swallow.
system: What are some over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications for arthritis?
output: Acetaminophen can ease mild and moderate arthritis pain. But you have to take it carefully. Many other types of medications also have acetaminophen, so it's easy to take too much without realizing it. Make sure you don't take more than 3,000 milligrams per day. NSAIDs also lower swelling and ease pain. Most healthy people can safely take them for short periods without any problems. But NSAIDs can raise your odds of having a heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Skin creams made from capsaicin, an extract from chili peppers, may help relieve mild arthritis pain.
system: What are some nondrug treatments arthritis pain?
output: But you have to do it regularly. Like most treatments, if you don't stick with exercise, the benefits go away. It also relieves pain and helps your joints work better. Losing at least 10% of your body weight (20 pounds in a 200-pound person) can cut your pain in half. Walking aids, such as canes, and knee braces also help, especially if your knee is out of alignment. Splints can help with OA of the thumb. Ask your doctor or physical therapist about any other devices that may help. Your doctor will decide if you need these drugs to treat your pain.
system: Can I take steroids for arthritis pain?
output: They may not get rid of your pain totally, but they can often ease it enough for you to do the things you want and need to do. But you have to do it regularly. Pain relief drugs you can buy at the pharmacy, like acetaminophen and NSAIDs (such as or ), are usually easy to get and don't cost a lot. The most common side effect is pain where the needle went in.
system: What are some pros and cons of using opioids for arthritis pain?
output: Like over-the-counter NSAIDs, taking these medications for a long time may cause serious side effects like a heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and stomach irritation and bleeding for some people, especially in those who are older. If other treatments don't work, your doctor may prescribe a medication related to opioids called tramadol ( Ultram). Keep in mind that they can cause some serious side effects if you use them for a long time, including dependence and addiction. Yet when you take them exactly as prescribed, these pain relievers can be safe and work well against pain. Injections of hyaluronic acid into joints may help relieve pain in some people with mild to moderate knee OA.
system: How is milk thistle used?
output: Milk thistle is sometimes used as a natural treatment for liver problems. These liver problems include cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis, and gallbladder disorders. Some claim milk thistle may also: Provide heart benefits by lowering cholesterol levels Help diabetes in people who have type 2 diabetes and cirrhosis Silymarin is the main active ingredient in milk thistle.
system: How does milk thistle (silymarin) affect the liver?
output: At this point, there is not enough scientific data to say whether or not milk thistle can help liver problems. Some early research suggests milk thistle may aid people with alcohol-related liver disease. Other studies show no improvement in liver function in this group of people. Some studies also show milk thistle may offer a possible benefit for people whose liver is damaged by industrial toxins, such as toluene and xylene. More information is needed before doctors can say milk thistle actually benefits the liver.
system: Does milk thistle work?
output: It's unclear what benefits, if any, this may have in the body.
system: What can milk thistle (silymarin) do?
output: Some claim milk thistle may also: Provide heart benefits by lowering cholesterol levels Help diabetes in people who have type 2 diabetes and cirrhosis Silymarin is the main active ingredient in milk thistle.