laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What can I do to manage my diabetes medications?
output: To stay on top of your day-to-day needs: Make a list of everything you're taking and what it's for. Stick to one pharmacy when you fill your prescriptions, so your records are all together. Store meds in a pill organizer to help you remember whether you've taken your daily dose or not. Use your phone's alarm, a timer, or other device to remind you when it's time to take your dose. Make taking your meds part of your daily routine so it becomes a habit.
system: How can I make sure I have a balanced diet if I have diabetes?
output: Use this as a guide for the rest: Fill half of your plate with non-starchy vegetables like broccoli, greens, or carrots. Fill one-fourth of your plate with whole grains or starchy vegetables like whole wheat noodles, brown rice, or sweet potatoes. Fill one-fourth of your plate with proteins like meat, eggs, or fish.
system: Who can help me live well with diabetes?
output: Aging can affect how well you manage your diabetes. Some hurdles you may face include: Lower mental energy and memory loss, which can make it harder to plan meals and remember to take medication Changes in your body that keep medicine from working as well as it once did Eyesight problems, which can cause you to make mistakes reading your blood sugar levels or taking the right dose of insulin Medications you take for other problems interacting with your diabetes meds and affecting how well they work By making a plan with your health care team and listening closely to your changing body, you can continue to live a healthy life. There are many medical professionals who can help you live well with diabetes, including: Endocrinologists Nurses Registered dietitians Pharmacists Diabetes educators Foot doctors Eye doctors Dentists Your risk of depression goes up with both diabetes and age.
system: What happens when I often have low blood sugar levels due to diabetes?
output: Diabetes puts you at higher risk of heart attack and stroke, so other numbers to keep tabs on are your: Blood pressure Cholesterol levels It's just as important to prevent low blood sugar as it is to keep it from going too high. Bouts of low blood sugar can double your risk of getting Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia. When your thinking is off, you won't be able to handle your diabetes well.
system: How can you manage your medications for diabetes?
output: It can be hard to keep up with your medications while also keeping track of meal planning and other diabetes-related tasks. To stay on top of your day-to-day needs: Make a list of everything you're taking and what it's for. Stick to one pharmacy when you fill your prescriptions, so your records are all together. Store meds in a pill organizer to help you remember whether you've taken your daily dose or not. Use your phone's alarm, a timer, or other device to remind you when it's time to take your dose. Make taking your meds part of your daily routine so it becomes a habit.
system: How often should I exercise if I have diabetes?
output: Make it a goal to do some sort of exercise for 30 minutes a day, 5 or more days a week. Walking is a great way to raise your heart rate and stay healthy. You can also get exercise by: Doing yoga or tai chi Digging and planting in a garden Using resistance bands or light weights Dancing Swimming or doing water aerobics It has ways to tell you something's off.
system: How is a varicocele diagnosed?
output: If yours does cause pain, it might: Switch from dull to sharp Get worse when you stand or exert yourself, especially for a long time Become more intense as the day goes on Go away when you lie on your back You and the doctor may be able to feel the mass easily. If not, the doctor might ask you to stand, take a deep breath, and hold it while you bear down. He'll call this the Valsalva maneuver. It helps him feel enlarged veins. If the exam isn't enough to be sure, he might take an ultrasound of your scrotum. This test uses sound waves to take pictures of the inside of your body.
system: How does percutaneous embolization help treat varicoceles?
output: You might have: Open surgery: The doctor will make a 1-inch cut into your scrotum. He'll use X-rays to guide him to the varicocele and insert a balloon or coil into it through the tube. This blocks the blood flow to the varicocele and shrinks it. You'll have this done with general anesthesia.
system: When should a girl have her first ob-gyn appointment?
output: The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG) recommends that girls have their first ob-gyn visit when they're 13 to 15 years old or they become sexually active, whichever comes first. The first visit for teens may just include a talk with the doctor and no exam.
system: What is the difference between a gynecologist, obstetrician, and an ob-gyn?
output: Obstetricians care for women during their pregnancy and just after the baby is born. They also deliver babies. An ob-gyn is trained to do all of these things.
system: What does an ob-gyn do?
output: Your ob-gyn will deal with some of the most important health issues in your life, including birth control, childbirth, and menopause. An ob-gyn can also screen for cancer, treat infections, and perform surgery for pelvic organ or urinary tract problems.
system: What are some questions my ob-gyn will ask during my visit?
output: These questions might get very personal, but your doctor needs to know the answers to care for you properly. Questions can deal with: Your period and any problems with it, such as missed or heavy periods Vaginal discharge Whether you're sexually active and how active you are The number of sexual partners, both that you have now and have had in the past Sexual issues or problems Any sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs) you've had or think you might have Birth control methods Vaccine history Remember that your ob-gyn is your partner in reproductive health.
system: What are questions that I can ask my ob-gyn ?
output: Or you may be reluctant to discuss your most intimate issues with an ob-gyn. It's OK to ask about your periods, sex, or whatever you want to know about your reproductive health. Your ob-gyn should also ask you a lot of questions.
system: How do I choose an ob-gyn?
output: Get a referral from a friend, family member, or your primary care provider. As you're making a decision, consider whether you would prefer a male or female gynecologist. Meet with the ob-gyn before making a decision. Ask about his or her medical experience, certification, and attitude about important reproductive issues, like birth control. Your questions might include: Do you accept my health insurance? At which hospital do you have admitting privileges? What are your office hours? If you are not available when I need to see you, who will cover for you? Make sure you're completely comfortable before becoming a patient.
system: How should I prepare for my ob-gyn visit?
output: Sexual activity could irritate the tissue of the vagina and affect your Pap test results. It's OK to ask about your periods, sex, or whatever you want to know about your reproductive health.
system: What happens during an ob-gyn visit?
output: The nurse will weigh you and take your blood pressure. The doctor will then examine your reproductive organs from the inside. Your ob-gyn will also examine the walls of the vagina and cervix. A Pap test is often done during the pelvic exam. Your ob-gyn will remove a sample of cells from your cervix using a small brush. Those cells will be sent to a lab and checked for cervical cancer, possibly the human papillomavirus ( HPV) and other abnormalities. If you have been sexually active, the doctor might also test you for sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs) like gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. To test for STDs, the ob-gyn will take a swab of tissue during the pelvic exam and/or check blood tests. Then, the ob-gyn will do an internal bimanual exam by placing one or two gloved fingers in your vagina and the other hand on top of the lower part of your abdomen, to feel your cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries from outside your body. Your ob-gyn should also do a breast exam to check for any lumps or other abnormalities.
system: How is astrocytoma graded?
output: Early symptoms include: Headaches Blurry vision Seizures Memory loss Nausea and vomiting Changes in behavior Like other tumors, astrocytomas are graded on a scale of I to IV, based on how abnormal the cells look and how fast they grow. Grade IV tumors are the most aggressive in their growth. Most astrocytomas in adults are high grade. This means the cells look abnormal and grow quickly.
system: What are symptoms of astrocytoma?
output: As the astrocytoma grows and presses against the brain, it can cause symptoms. They depend partly on where and how big your tumor is. Early symptoms include: Headaches Blurry vision Seizures Memory loss Nausea and vomiting Changes in behavior Like other tumors, astrocytomas are graded on a scale of I to IV, based on how abnormal the cells look and how fast they grow.
system: What are the different types of astroctoma?
output: There are several types of astrocytoma, and some grow faster than others. They are grade III tumors that grow quickly and spread to nearby tissue. Over 50% of astrocytomas are glioblastomas. They form around the pineal gland. Brain stem gliomas are rare in adults. It doesn't happen often, but sometimes gliomas can form in the brain stem, the part that connects to the spinal cord. Pilocytic astrocytomas and subependymal gialt cell astrocytomas are more common in children and considered grade I. Surgery may be enough to cure grade 1 tumors.
system: How effective are bedwetting alarms?
output: Bedwetting Alarms Bedwetting alarms have become the mainstay of treatment. Up to 70%-90% of children stop bedwetting after using these alarms for 4-6 months.
system: How long does it take for a bed alarm to work?
output: For this to be productive, the child must locate the bathroom on his or her own and the child needs to be gradually conditioned to awaken easily with sound only. The child should use the alarm for a few weeks or even months before considering it a failure. Alarms along with behavior modifications are often tried first before using medication.
system: What should you look for in a daycare center's handwashing policy?
output: How often do employees wash hands? The ideal center should require employees to wash their hands as often as a doctor does -- in between touching every child. If your child-care center doesn't have a sink in every room, look for bottles of hand sanitizer. If employees have to leave the room to clean their hands, they may be less likely to do it.
system: Should sick children stay home from daycare?
output: According to joint recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Public Health Association, and the National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education, a child should temporarily be kept out of daycare for any of the following: A fever above 101 ° F (checked orally) accompanied by behavior change or other symptoms (sore throat, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.) Diarrhea that can't be contained in a diaper or that makes a toilet-trained child incontinent Vomiting more than two times in a 24-hour period Some centers may be more or less lenient than others.
system: How many people die from prostate cancer?
output: Only 1 in 36 men, though, actually dies from prostate cancer. That's because most prostate cancers are diagnosed in older men in whom the disease is more likely to be slow-growing and non-aggressive. The majority of these men eventually pass away from heart disease, stroke, or other causes -- not their prostate cancer.
system: How common is prostate cancer?
output: After skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. About 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime. And these are just the men who are diagnosed. Among very elderly men dying of other causes, a surprising two-thirds may have prostate cancer that was never diagnosed.
system: What are the long-term survival rates for prostate cancer?
output: According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, for men with local or regional prostate cancer: the relative 10-year survival rate is 98% the relative 15-year survival rate is 96% As with all cancers, doctors use the term stage to describe the characteristics of the primary tumor itself, such as its size and how far prostate cancer has spread when it is found.
system: How serious is prostate cancer?
output: Prostate cancer is frequently slow-growing and slow to spread. For many men, prostate cancer is less serious than their other medical conditions. For these reasons, and possibly because of earlier detection of low-grade prostate cancers, prostate cancer has one of the highest survival rates of any type of cancer.
system: How are the survival rates for prostate cancer determined?
output: Keep in mind that most men are around 70 when diagnosed with prostate cancer. Over, say, five years, many of these men will die from other medical problems unrelated to prostate cancer. To determine the prostate cancer survival rate, these men are subtracted out of the calculations. Counting only the men who are left provides what's called the relative survival rate for prostate cancer. Taking that into consideration, the relative survival rates for most kinds of prostate cancer are actually pretty good. What about longer-term survival rates?
system: What are the survival rates for prostate cancer?
output: Over, say, five years, many of these men will die from other medical problems unrelated to prostate cancer. Almost 100% of men who have local or regional prostate cancer will survive more than five years after diagnosis. For men with distant spread (metastasis) of prostate cancer, about one-third will survive for five years after diagnosis. As we've mentioned, in terms of survival rates, men with prostate cancer can be divided into two groups: Men with prostate cancer that is localized to the prostate or just nearby. Men whose prostate cancer has spread to distant areas, like their bones. Fewer of these men -- about one-third -- will survive their prostate cancer for more than five years.
system: What are the survival rates for prostate cancer, according to staging?
output: As cancer diagnoses go, prostate cancer is often a less serious one. And these are just the men who are diagnosed. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, for men with local or regional prostate cancer: the relative 10-year survival rate is 98% the relative 15-year survival rate is 96% As with all cancers, doctors use the term stage to describe the characteristics of the primary tumor itself, such as its size and how far prostate cancer has spread when it is found. As we've mentioned, in terms of survival rates, men with prostate cancer can be divided into two groups: Men with prostate cancer that is localized to the prostate or just nearby. These men have a high long-term survival rate for their prostate cancer. Almost all will survive their prostate cancer for longer than five years -- and well beyond for many men. Men whose prostate cancer has spread to distant areas, like their bones. These men may need more aggressive treatment for their prostate cancer. Fewer of these men -- about one-third -- will survive their prostate cancer for more than five years.
system: What are some symptoms of genital herpes?
output: Genital herpes symptoms also include: Numbness, tingling, or burning in the genital region A burning sensation while urinating or having intercourse Painful urination, difficulty urinating, or a frequent need to urinate Watery blisters in the genital area Many people with recurrent herpes experience warning signals up to 48 hours before an outbreak. These may consist of tingling, itching, or pain at the site of the eruption, or pain running down into the buttocks or to the knees.
system: What are signs of genital herpes?
output: When these blisters burst they leave the tender sores known as ulcers. The first time a person has a herpes outbreak, the ulcers may take two to four weeks to heal. The next outbreaks may not occur for weeks, months, or even later. When they do, they usually are less severe than the first outbreak. Herpes infection doesn't go away, but the outbreaks tend to become less frequent over time. Genital herpes symptoms also include: Numbness, tingling, or burning in the genital region A burning sensation while urinating or having intercourse Painful urination, difficulty urinating, or a frequent need to urinate Watery blisters in the genital area Many people with recurrent herpes experience warning signals up to 48 hours before an outbreak.
system: How can a doctor diagnose genital herpes?
output: A doctor can diagnose genital herpes by looking at the outbreak and taking a sample of tissue or fluid from the sores. There are also blood tests for HSV-1 and HSV-2. Although they can't pinpoint when the infection was acquired or predict when an outbreak is likely to happen again, they are useful for diagnosing the condition if the outbreak is healing or has already healed.
system: Can lack of sleep cause depression?
output: Lack of sleep alone cannot cause depression, but it does play a role. Lack of sleep resulting from another medical illness or the presence of personal problems can intensify depression. Chronic inability to sleep is also an important clue that someone may be depressed.
system: How can mastoiditis develop?
output: When the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed, often as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media), mastoiditis can develop. Because so many vital structures pass through the mastoid, infection may spread outside of the mastoid bone and cause serious health complications.
system: What causes mastoiditis?
output: When the mastoid cells become infected or inflamed, often as a result of an unresolved middle ear infection (otitis media), mastoiditis can develop. Because so many vital structures pass through the mastoid, infection may spread outside of the mastoid bone and cause serious health complications.
system: What are the symptoms of mastoiditis?
output: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor.
system: How is mastoiditis diagnosed?
output: A sample of the infected ear fluid should be collected for culture.
system: What complications can happen if you have mastoiditis?
output: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor.
system: What is mastoiditis?
output: The mastoid bone, which is full of these air cells, is part of the temporal bone of the skull.
system: How is mastoiditis treated?
output: Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for both acute and chronic mastoiditis. If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. Antibiotics will be given through an IV (intravenous line) to treat the infection.
system: When do you need surgery for mastoiditis?
output: If the symptoms don't quickly improve on IV antibiotics, or complications, like an abscess or bone erosion are present, surgery to remove the infected mastoid bone may be recommended. This is called a mastoidectomy.
system: Can adults get mastoiditis?
output: Acute mastoiditis typically affects children, but adults can also be affected.
system: What is a myringotomy for mastoiditis?
output: Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy. During a myringotomy, the doctor makes a small hole in the eardrum to drain the fluid and relieve pressure from the middle ear. A small tube may be inserted into the middle ear to to keep the hole from closing so as to allow for continued drainage. Typically, the tube will fall out on its own after six to 12 months.
system: What is chronic mastoiditis?
output: Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone.
system: How is acute mastoiditis treated?
output: If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. Antibiotics will be given through an IV (intravenous line) to treat the infection.
system: What are symptoms of mastoiditis?
output: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor.
system: How is severe mastoiditis treated?
output: Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy.
system: How does mastoiditis develop?
output: As mentioned above, mastoiditis most often develops as a result of a middle ear infection. Bacteria from the middle ear can travel into the air cells of the mastoid bone. Less commonly, a growing collection of skin cells called a cholesteatoma, may block drainage of the ear, leading to mastoiditis.
system: When should you see your doctor if you have mastoiditis?
output: If you or your child is diagnosed with acute mastoiditis, you may be put in the hospital to receive treatment and care by an otolaryngologist, a doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat disorders. If left untreated, mastoiditis can cause serious, even life-threatening, health complications, including hearing loss, blood clot, meningitis, or a brain abscess.
system: What can happen if mastoiditis is left untreated?
output: Mastoiditis symptoms may include: Fever, irritability, and lethargy Swelling of the ear lobe Redness and tenderness behind the ear Drainage from the ear Bulging and drooping of the ear Mastoiditis complications may include: Facial paralysis Nausea, vomiting, vertigo (labyrinthitis) Hearing loss Brain abscess or meningitis Vision changes or headaches (blood clots in the brain) Any earache with fever or posterior ear tenderness, redness or swelling should be evaluated by a doctor. But with early and appropriate antibiotic treatment and drainage, these complications can usually be avoided and you can recover completely. If you have an earache, discharge or trouble hearing, see your doctor. He will decide if you need antibiotics to help prevent mastoiditis and other serious health complications.
system: How is surgery done to treat mastoiditis?
output: Surgery may also be needed to drain the fluid from the middle ear, called a myringotomy. During a myringotomy, the doctor makes a small hole in the eardrum to drain the fluid and relieve pressure from the middle ear. A small tube may be inserted into the middle ear to to keep the hole from closing so as to allow for continued drainage. This is called a mastoidectomy.