laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) diagnosed?
output: If you have symptoms like a high fever, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, you should see a doctor, especially if you've just come back from a trip overseas. If your doctor suspects you have SARS, she can confirm it with lab tests and images from an X-ray or CT scan.
system: What can trigger a relapse when I'm trying to quit smoking?
output: They can happen when you: · Drink your morning tea or coffee Have a beer, cocktail, or glass of wine Drive Get up during intermission at a show Check your texts or email Feel bored, sad, angry, or stressed Talk on the phone Need a break from work Even positive feelings of happiness or pleasure can be triggers.
system: How can I fight smoking triggers that I can't avoid?
output: Bring along something else to put in your mouth instead of a cigarette, such as a mint-flavored toothpick or some carrot sticks. On a walk, take deep breaths and focus on how good the fresh air feels in your lungs. To ride out a craving, you could also sip ice-cold water, take deep breaths, keep your hands busy by squeezing a rubber ball or doing a crossword puzzle, or meditating.
system: How can you learn your smoking triggers?
output: Learn to Spot Your Smoking Triggers Once you know yours, you can prepare to avoid or manage them. Before you quit, keep a journal for a few days or a week. Use your smartphone or a small notebook that you can easily carry with you. Every time you light a cigarette, record: The time of day How intense your craving feels, on a scale of 1 to 5 (with 5 being the most intense) What you're doing at that moment Where you are Who you're with How you feel (happy, stressed, bored, etc.)
system: What are my odds of getting atherosclerosis?
output: If you're 40 and generally healthy, you have about a 50% chance of getting serious atherosclerosis in your lifetime. The risk goes up as you get older. Most adults older than 60 have some atherosclerosis, but most don't have noticeable symptoms.
system: Can aspirin prevent atherosclerosis?
output: You might not have symptoms until your artery is nearly closed or until you have a heart attack or stroke. Stenting helps ease symptoms, but it does not prevent heart attacks. Bypass surgery: Your doctor takes a healthy blood vessel, often from your leg or chest, and uses it to go around a blocked segment. These procedures can have complications.
system: How effective are nonsurgical procedures for treating bowel incontinence?
output: These minimally invasive procedures can reduce bowel incontinence in some people, without the risks of surgery. Because they are relatively new, their long-term effectiveness and safety aren't as well known as other treatments.
system: What are the treatments for bowel incontinence?
output: Many effective treatments can help people with bowel incontinence. These include: medicine surgery minimally invasive procedures Talking to your doctor is the first step toward freedom from bowel incontinence.
system: How is a colostomy done to treat bowel incontinence?
output: Surgery to redirect the colon through an opening created in the skin of the belly. Colostomy is only considered when bowel incontinence persists despite all other treatments.
system: How is an endoscopy used to diagnose bowel incontinence?
output: A tube with a camera on its tip is inserted into the anus. This identifies any potential problems in the anal canal or colon. A short, rigid tube (anoscopy) or a longer, flexible tube (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) may be used.
system: How are nerve tests used to diagnose bowel incontinence?
output: These tests measure the responsiveness of the nerves controlling the sphincter muscles. They can detect nerve damage that can cause bowel incontinence.
system: How is bowel incontinence treated?
output: Bowel incontinence is usually treatable. In many cases, it can be cured completely. Recommended treatments vary according to the cause of bowel incontinence. Often, more than one treatment method may be required to control symptoms. Nonsurgical treatments are often recommended as initial treatment for bowel incontinence.
system: How is radiofrequency anal sphincter remodeling done to treat bowel incontinence?
output: A probe inserted into the anus directs controlled amounts of heat energy into the anal wall. Radiofrequency remodeling creates a mild injury to the sphincter muscles, which become thicker as they heal.
system: How is sphincter cuff device used to treat bowel incontinence?
output: Sphincter cuff device. A surgeon can implant an inflatable cuff that surrounds the anal sphincter. A person deflates the cuff during bowel movements and reinflates it to prevent bowel incontinence.
system: How is a sacral nerve stimulator used to treat bowel incontinence?
output: A surgeon implants a device that stimulates the pelvic nerves. This procedure may be most effective in people with bowel incontinence due to nerve damage.
system: How is sphincter surgery done to treat bowel incontinence?
output: A surgeon can stitch the anal muscles more tightly together (sphincteroplasty). Or the surgeon takes muscle from the pelvis or buttock to support the weak anal muscles (muscle transposition). These surgeries can cure many people with bowel incontinence that's due to a tear of the anal sphincter muscles.
system: How does biofeedback treat bowel incontinence?
output: A sensor is placed inside the anus and on the abdominal wall. This provides feedback as a person does exercises to improve bowel control.
system: How is stool testing used to diagnose bowel incontinence?
output: If diarrhea is present, stool testing may identify an infection or other cause.
system: What is bowel incontinence?
output: Accidental bowel leakage is usually not a serious medical problem. For people with a specific cause of diarrhea, such as inflammatory bowel syndrome, other medications may also help. A person deflates the cuff during bowel movements and reinflates it to prevent bowel incontinence.
system: How will your doctor find out if you have heart failure?
output: If you have systolic heart failure, you can have: Shortness of breath Tiredness, weakness Swelling in feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen Lasting cough or wheezing Fast or irregular heartbeat Dizziness Confusion More need to pee at night Nausea Lack of appetite To figure out if you have heart failure, your doctor will: Examine you Ask about your medical history Run some tests Those tests might include: Blood tests: Abnormal levels of important substances can show strain to organs due to heart failure.
system: What medications can help manage systolic heart failure?
output: Common medicines for systolic heart failure are: Diuretics (water pills), which help ease swelling ACE inhibitors, ARB, or ARNI to widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to work Beta-blockers to help slow heart rate and lower blood pressure Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, a type of diuretic that gets rid of extra salt and fluid and keeps needed potassium Nitrate and hydralazine, which work together to relax and open blood vessels Digoxin to help the heart pump harder and ease some symptoms of heart failure Surgery and devices: In some cases, you may need surgery.
system: What surgeries and devices can help manage systolic heart failure?
output: Common medicines for systolic heart failure are: Diuretics (water pills), which help ease swelling ACE inhibitors, ARB, or ARNI to widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to work Beta-blockers to help slow heart rate and lower blood pressure Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, a type of diuretic that gets rid of extra salt and fluid and keeps needed potassium Nitrate and hydralazine, which work together to relax and open blood vessels Digoxin to help the heart pump harder and ease some symptoms of heart failure Surgery and devices: In some cases, you may need surgery. Several procedures can treat heart failure. If your condition is more severe, your doctor may implant a device like a defibrillator or something called a left ventricular assist device ( LVAD) in your body. Other times, a heart transplant may be the best option. Your doctor will determine the right course for you.
system: Can high blood pressure cause systolic heart failure?
output: With that extra work, your heart muscle gets thicker and doesn't work as well. In those cases, the heart has to pump harder to get blood through your body.
system: What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis?
output: Acute osteomyelitis develops rapidly over a period of seven to 10 days. The symptoms for acute and chronic osteomyelitis are very similar and include: Fever, irritability, fatigue Nausea Tenderness, redness, and warmth in the area of the infection Swelling around the affected bone Lost range of motion Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae makes itself known through severe back pain, especially at night.
system: How can you recover from osteomyelitis?
output: The sooner you treat osteomyelitis, the better. In cases of acute osteomyelitis, early treatment prevents the condition from becoming a chronic problem that requires ongoing treatment. Besides the pain and inconvenience of repeated infections, getting osteomyelitis under control early provides the best chance for recovery.
system: How can you prevent osteomyelitis?
output: The best way to prevent osteomyelitis is to keep things clean. If you or your child has a cut, especially a deep cut, wash it completely. Flush out any open wound under running water for five minutes, then bandage it in sterile bandages.
system: How is osteomyelitis treated?
output: Antibiotics help bring the infection under control and often make it possible to avoid surgery. People with osteomyelitis usually get antibiotics for several weeks through an IV, and then switch to a pill. More serious or chronic osteomyelitis requires surgery to remove the infected tissue and bone. Osteomyelitis surgery prevents the infection from spreading further or getting so bad that amputation is the only remaining option.
system: What should you do if you have chronic osteomyelitis?
output: If you have chronic osteomyelitis, make sure your doctor knows about your medical history so you can work together to keep the condition under control. If you have diabetes, pay close attention to your feet and contact your doctor at the first sign of infection.
system: What is osteomyelitis?
output: Bones can become infected in a number of ways: Infection in one part of the body may spread through the bloodstream into the bone, or an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection.
system: Who gets osteomyelitis?
output: Only 2 out of every 10,000 people get osteomyelitis. The condition affects children and adults, although in different ways. Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection.
system: What is osteomyelitis like in children?
output: In children, osteomyelitis is usually acute. Acute osteomyelitis comes on quickly, is easier to treat, and overall turns out better than chronic osteomyelitis. In children, osteomyelitis usually shows up in arm or leg bones.
system: What is osteomyelitis like in adults?
output: In adults, osteomyelitis can be either acute or chronic. People with diabetes, HIV, or peripheral vascular disease are more prone to chronic osteomyelitis, which persists or recurs, despite treatment. Whether chronic or acute, osteomyelitis often affects an adult's pelvis or vertebrae of the spine. It can also occur in the feet, especially in a person with diabetes.
system: What causes osteomyelitis?
output: Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection. A bone biopsy helps determine the type of organism, typically bacteria, causing the infection so the right medication can be prescribed.
system: Where am I most likely to get nail fungus?
output: Speaking of the gym, it's a bad idea to kick off your shoes in places with lots of germs, like locker rooms, swimming pools, or public showers. If you visit a nail salon, it should be clean and licensed. Make sure the technician uses sterilized or single-use instruments (or bring your own). The same goes for polish -- bring your own bottle from home.
system: Who is most likely to get nail fungus?
output: But there are telltale signs when a fungal nail infection starts to settle in. Seniors tend to have slower-growing nails, reduced blood circulation, and a longer history of exposure to fungi. Men are also more likely than women to have nail fungus -- maybe because they're more in the habit of walking around barefoot at the gym. People with diabetes or other health conditions that weaken the immune system are also at higher risk.
system: What is a 24-hour esophageal pH test?
output: Instead of having to have a tube placed down your nose for 24 hours, your doctor will place a disposable capsule into the esophagus using an endoscope.
system: How is a BRAVO device used during an esophageal pH test?
output: A device known as BRAVO may make monitoring the p H level easier. Instead of having to have a tube placed down your nose for 24 hours, your doctor will place a disposable capsule into the esophagus using an endoscope. The capsule then wirelessly transmits information about esophageal acid activity to a receiver worn around the waist for 48 hours.
system: Can I resume a normal diet after an esophageal pH test?
output: Record the following: The time when you start eating The time when you finish eating The time when you start lying down The time when you finish lying down You may resume your normal diet and activities after the esophageal p H test. If your throat feels sore following the test, suck on lozenges.
system: What are antiviral drugs used for?
output: These medications may reduce the duration of flu by one to two days and prevent severe flu complications.
system: When should antiviral medication for the flu be taken?
output: All four antivirals are most effective when given within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms, although they may still prevent severe flu complications when given more than 48 hours after symptoms appear.
system: When should I talk to my doctor about antiviral medications for the flu?
output: Ideally, you should talk to your doctor about the flu vaccine and antiviral drugs, including side effects, before the flu season begins. When you do get flu symptoms, it's important to call your doctor soon after symptoms appear. Flu drugs are most effective when taken within the first 48 hours of flu symptoms, although they may help prevent severe disease when taken later.
system: How are antivirals used in preventing the flu?
output: After you read this, talk to your doctor to see if antiviral drugs can help you feel better. However, the CDC discourages this as a routine practice, as it can lead to drug-resistant strains of the virus. Instead, the CDC recommends that people at risk of severe flu -- such as pregnant women or people with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease -- begin antiviral treatment as soon as flu symptoms appear. Others at high risk for complications from the flu include infants, the elderly, those with chronic illness, Native Americans and Alaskan Natives It's important, however, to remember that vaccination is the most effective way to prevent flu.
system: What are antiviral drugs?
output: Antiviral drugs are prescription medications that may help prevent flu complications or shorten the severity and duration of flu once you have it. When used as directed, antiviral drugs may help reduce the duration of flu symptoms in otherwise healthy children and adults and may reduce the severity of common flu symptoms.
system: How is a loop stoma made in fecal diversion?
output: To make the loop stoma, a small loop of intestine will be brought up through the abdominal wall to skin level. A plastic rod will be passed underneath the loop to keep the new stoma in place. The loop will be cut half way through to make the site for the bowel opening. Each open end of the bowel created by this cut will appear as two openings in the stoma. If you are having a loop colostomy, the end of the intestine will be stitched to your skin. If you are having a loop ileostomy, the loop will be turned back on itself like a small cuff and then stitched just below your skin. The abdominal cavity will be carefully inspected and the incisions will be stitched closed. The rod will be removed several days after surgery.
system: How is a stoma created during fecal diversion?
output: An end stoma can be made in the ileum (end of the small intestine, called "end ileostomy") or colon ("end colostomy"). First, a small disk of skin will be removed from the stoma site. Next, your surgeon will bring 1-2 inches of healthy bowel up through the abdominal wall to skin level. If you are having a colostomy, the end of the intestine will be stitched to your skin. If you are having an ileostomy, the small intestine will be stitched to your skin.
system: Do I need treatment if I am diagnosed with prostate cancer?
output: Many prostate tumors grow slowly, so you might not need to make decisions right away. Some men decide -- with their doctors -- that "watchful waiting" for symptoms, and "active surveillance," keeping close track of the cancer with tests, biopsies, and regular doctor's visits, are better options than surgery, chemo, or radiation. Research has shown that these can be safe options for many men. If the tumor starts to grow or if you're not comfortable with "doing nothing," talk with your doctor about moving forward with treatment.
system: How can I treat my child's sore throat from a virus?
output: That means antibiotics, drugs used to treat bacterial infections, won't help your child get better any faster. If you think your child may have strep, you should see a doctor to find out. If the sore throat stems from a cold virus, it's going to need to run its course. Try these home remedies to help your child feel better: Make sure he gets plenty of rest and drinks a lot of fluids. Use a humidifier. Inhale steam. Run hot water in a sink. Drape a towel over your child's head to trap the steam, and have him lean over the sink with the water running. Tell him to breathe deeply through his mouth and nose for 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat several times a day. ( Be careful not to cause a steam burn, though.) Give him frozen treats like ice pops. Have him sip chicken broth or warm tea with honey. Don't give honey to a child under 12 months of age. For an older child: Have him gargle with warm salt water (1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt per cup (8 ounces) of water). Give him throat lozenges or hard candy to suck on.
system: Do antibiotics help for sore throats?
output: There's one exception: strep throat. Bacteria does cause that condition, so antibiotics will help. If you think your child may have strep, you should see a doctor to find out. But they won't help your child get better any faster.
system: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 4 pressure sore?
output: Recovery time: A Stage 4 pressure sore could take anywhere from 3 months or much longer, even years, to heal.
system: What do stages mean when you have pressure sores?
output: The stages are based on how deep the sores are, which can affect their treatment.
system: How do you treat a Stage 1 pressure sore?
output: What to do: The first and most important thing to do with any pressure sore is to stop the pressure. Change your position or use foam pads, pillows, or mattresses. If you spend a lot of time in bed, try to move at least once every 2 hours. If you're sitting, move every 15 minutes. You may need someone to help you. Wash the sore with mild soap and water and dry it gently. It may help to eat a diet high in protein, vitamins A and C, and the minerals iron and zinc. These are all good for your skin. Also, drink plenty of water.
system: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 1 pressure sore?
output: Recovery time: A Stage 1 pressure sore may go away in as little as 2 or 3 days. If it hasn't, call your doctor.
system: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 2 pressure sore?
output: Recovery time: A Stage 2 pressure sore should get better in 3 days to 3 weeks.
system: How do you treat a Stage 3 pressure sore?
output: She may remove any dead tissue and prescribe antibiotics to fight infection. You may also be able to get a special bed or mattress through your insurance.
system: What is a pressure sore?
output: You may know pressure sores by their more common name: bed sores. They happen when you lie or sit in one position too long and the weight of your body against the surface of the bed or chair cuts off blood supply. You might get them if you're on bed rest or in a wheelchair.
system: How long does it take to recover from a Stage 3 pressure sore?
output: Recovery time: A Stage 1 pressure sore may go away in as little as 2 or 3 days. Recovery time: A Stage 3 pressure sore will take at least one month, and up to 4 months, to heal.
system: What should I do if I have a Stage 2 pressure sore?
output: What to do: The first and most important thing to do with any pressure sore is to stop the pressure. Change your position or use foam pads, pillows, or mattresses. If you spend a lot of time in bed, try to move at least once every 2 hours. If you're sitting, move every 15 minutes. You may need someone to help you. Wash the sore with mild soap and water and dry it gently. It may help to eat a diet high in protein, vitamins A and C, and the minerals iron and zinc. These are all good for your skin. Also, drink plenty of water. Keep the sore covered with a see-through dressing or moist gauze. If you see signs of an infection (such as pus, fever, or redness), tell your doctor. Talk to your doctor.
system: How often will someone need to get checkups in between eye exams?
output: You'll need to get checkups more often if you have health conditions or a family history of vision problems likes glaucoma, macular degeneration, or corneal diseases. When else should you see the eye doctor? If you have a sudden vision change, eye pain, or severe irritation.
system: Why are vision tests important during an eye exam?
output: The doctor will check your close and distance vision. You'll read from charts of random letters. She may also test other aspects of your vision -- like your ability to see in 3- D, your side vision (called peripheral vision), and color perception.
system: What other conditions could an eye exam discover?
output: Eye exams can help spot early signs of glaucoma, diabetes, high blood pressure, and arthritis. If the doctor finds anything odd, you may need a follow-up with your regular doctor or a specialist.
system: What is an eye exam?
output: She'll check all the parts of your eye. You may need drops to dilate -- or widen -- your pupils. This gives the doctor a clear view of the inside of your eye. These drops makes your eyes sensitive to light for a few hours. You'll need to wear sunglasses until they wear off. You may need someone to drive you home. The doctor will as also check your peripheral vision and how well your eye muscles work together.
system: How should I choose an eye doctor?
output: Should you choose an optometrist ( OD) or an ophthalmologist ( MD) for your initial eye exam? If this is a routine checkup, you can go with either one. If you have or think you might have an eye problem like cataracts or glaucoma, or a health condition like diabetes, choose an ophthalmologist.