laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can you take care of your child with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
output: Treatments for B-cell ALL can make infections more likely. Try to keep him away from anyone who is sick. Everyone who is close to your child should get vaccinated for diseases like the flu and pneumonia, and should wash their hands often. A cancer diagnosis can be very hard for a child. Your child also may need extra tutoring to make up for lost time at school.
system: What drugs are more likely to cause an allergic reaction?
output: That said, some are more likely to cause these types of problems than others: Antibiotics -- amoxicillin ( Moxatag), ampicillin, penicillin ( Bicillin L- A), tetracycline ( Sumycin), and others Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen Aspirin Sulfa drugs Chemotherapy drugs Monoclonal antibody therapy -- cetuximab ( Erbitux), rituximab ( Rituxian and others HIV drugs -- abacavir ( Ziagen), nevirapine ( Viramune), and others Insulin Antiseizure drugs -- carbamazepine ( Tegretol), lamotrigine ( Lamictal), phenytoin, and others Muscle relaxers given by IV -- atracurium, succinylcholine, or vecuronium How you take a drug plays a part, too.
system: Can bleeding gums be a sign of diabetes?
output: When you have this disease, your mouth isn't as powerful at fighting germs, so you're more likely to get infections like gum disease. High blood sugar levels that go along with diabetes make it harder for your body to heal, which can make gum disease worse. Bleeding gums can be a sign of leukemia, a type of cancer.
system: Can bleeding gums be a sign of leukemia?
output: Bleeding or swollen gums can be a warning sign of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. If you have leukemia, your platelet count is low. That makes it harder for you to stop bleeding in different parts of your body, including your gums. If you have this condition, your body may not have enough platelets to form a blood clot.
system: Can bleeding gums be a sign of hemophilia or Von Willebrand disease?
output: Bleeding or swollen gums can be a warning sign of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. With these conditions, your blood doesn't clot properly, so you may have bleeding gums.
system: How safe are corticosteroids in treating eosinophilic asthma?
output: Inhaled corticosteroids are generally safe and are meant to be used daily. They can be used with another inhaler called a long-acting beta agonist ( LABA). The amount you absorb into your bloodstream is small. But doctors suggest you rinse your mouth out after you use them, because having steroids in your mouth can lead to thrush, a fungal condition in your mouth. But the inhaled versions may not work well in eosinophilic asthma, so you may need to take corticosteroid pills. They have more side effects than the inhaled types.
system: How can bronchial thermoplasty help with treating eosinophilic asthma?
output: The drugs are: Benralizumab ( Fasenra) Dupilumab ( Dupixent) Mepolizumab ( Nucala) Reslizumab ( Cinqair) Unlike the prescription medication, bronchial thermoplasty is a procedure that's being studied to treat eosinophilic asthma. Your doctor may recommend it if other methods haven't controlled your symptoms. A lung specialist uses a special probe and thermal heat to lessen the smooth muscle in your airways. This keeps the muscles from constricting during an asthma attack. To get the most benefit, bronchial thermoplasty may require multiple procedures over several weeks.
system: How can leukotriene modifiers help with treating eosinophilic asthma?
output: Their job is to keep certain cells in the lungs and airways from releasing chemicals that cause asthma attacks to act up. Medicines called leukotriene modifiers -- such as montelukast ( Singulair), zafirlukast ( Accolate), and zileuton ( Zyflo) -- relieve the effects of leukotrienes and ease asthma symptoms. It's rare, but some people get agitated and anxious when taking these meds. If this happens to you, tell your doctor. Their job is to block the chemicals that cause inflammation in your lungs.
system: How can fast-acting inhalers help with treating eosinophilic asthma?
output: Depending on which kind your doctor prescribes, side effects can include dry mouth, heart palpitations, or nervousness. Unlike inhalers or pills, you get them as shots or by IV infusion.
system: What is autism?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairments in social interaction and developmental language and communication skills combined with rigid, repetitive behaviors. Because of the range of symptoms, this condition is now called autism spectrum disorder ( ASD). It covers a large spectrum of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment. ASD ranges in severity from a handicap that somewhat limits an otherwise normal life to a devastating disability that may require institutional care.
system: How is Rett syndrome associated with autism?
output: Rett syndrome previously fell under ASD spectrum but it is now confirmed that Rett's cause is genetic. It no longer falls under ASD guidelines. Children with Rett syndrome, primarily girls, start developing normally but then begin losing their communication and social skills. Beginning at the age of 1 to 4 years, repetitive hand movements replace purposeful use of the hands. Children with Rett syndrome are usually severely cognitively impaired.
system: How can autism affect children?
output: They have trouble understanding what other people think and feel. This makes it very hard for them to express themselves either with words or through gestures, facial expressions, and touch. A child with ASD who is very sensitive may be greatly troubled -- sometimes even pained -- by sounds, touches, smells, or sights that seem normal to others. This is what most people think of when they hear the word "autism."
system: How is Holter monitoring used to diagnose heart palpitations?
output: It continuously records your heart's electrical signals for 24 to 48 hours. It can identify rhythm differences that weren't picked up during an EKG.
system: How are heart palpitations diagnosed?
output: Heart conditions tied to palpitations include: Prior heart attack Coronary artery disease Heart failure Heart valve problems Heart muscle problems Your doctor will: Give you a physical exam Take down your medical history Want to know about your current medications, diet, and lifestyle Ask for specifics about when, how often, and under what circumstances your palpitations occur Sometimes, a blood test can help your doctor find the cause of your palpitations.
system: How can you get heart palpitations from eating foods?
output: Medications, including diet pills, decongestants, asthma inhalers, and some drugs used to prevent arrhythmias (a serious heart rhythm problem) or treat an underactive thyroid Some herbal and nutritional supplements Abnormal electrolyte levels Some people have palpitations after heavy meals rich in carbohydrates, sugar, or fat. Sometimes, eating foods with a lot of monosodium glutamate ( MSG), nitrates, or sodium can bring them on, too. If you have heart palpitations after eating certain foods, it could be due to food sensitivity. Keeping a food diary can help you figure out which foods to avoid.
system: What heart conditions are tied to heart palpitations?
output: They can also be related to heart disease. When they are, they're more likely to represent arrhythmia. Heart conditions tied to palpitations include: Prior heart attack Coronary artery disease Heart failure Heart valve problems Heart muscle problems Your doctor will: Give you a physical exam Take down your medical history Want to know about your current medications, diet, and lifestyle Ask for specifics about when, how often, and under what circumstances your palpitations occur Sometimes, a blood test can help your doctor find the cause of your palpitations.
system: How is event recording used to diagnose heart palpitations?
output: Event recording: You'll wear a device on your chest and use a handheld gadget to record your heart's electrical signals when symptoms occur.
system: What are non-heart-related causes of heart palpitations?
output: There can be many. Usually, palpitations are either related to your heart or the cause is unknown. Non-heart-related causes include: Strong emotions like anxiety, fear, or stress. They often happen during panic attacks. Vigorous physical activity Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or illegal drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines Medical conditions, including thyroid disease, a low blood sugar level, anemia, low blood pressure, fever, and dehydration Hormonal changes during menstruation, pregnancy, or just before menopause. Sometimes, palpitations during pregnancy are signs of anemia. Medications, including diet pills, decongestants, asthma inhalers, and some drugs used to prevent arrhythmias (a serious heart rhythm problem) or treat an underactive thyroid Some herbal and nutritional supplements Abnormal electrolyte levels Some people have palpitations after heavy meals rich in carbohydrates, sugar, or fat.
system: How is an echocardiogram used to diagnose heart palpitations?
output: Echocardiogram : This is an ultrasound of your heart. It provides detailed information about its structure and function. If necessary, your doctor may refer you to a cardiologist for more tests or treatment.
system: What substances should you cut out to treat heart palpitations?
output: Common ways include: Relaxation exercises Yoga Tai chi Biofeedback Guided imagery Aromatherapy Cutting out certain foods, beverages, and other substances. These may include: Alcohol Nicotine Caffeine Illegal drugs Avoiding medications that act as stimulants.
system: What medications should you avoid to prevent heart palpitations?
output: These may include: Alcohol Nicotine Caffeine Illegal drugs Avoiding medications that act as stimulants. You may have to steer clear of: Cough and cold medicines Certain herbal and nutritional supplements If lifestyle changes don't help, you may be prescribed medications.
system: How can your doctor help treat heart palpitations?
output: Get immediate medical attention if they come with: Shortness of breath Dizziness Chest pain Fainting After your doctor takes your medical history and looks you over, he may order tests to find the cause. If he finds one, the right treatment can reduce or get rid of the palpitations. If there's no underlying cause, lifestyle changes can help, including stress management.
system: When should you see a doctor about heart palpitations?
output: In rare cases, palpitations can be a sign of a more serious heart condition. So, if you have heart palpitations, see your doctor. Get immediate medical attention if they come with: Shortness of breath Dizziness Chest pain Fainting After your doctor takes your medical history and looks you over, he may order tests to find the cause.
system: What are heart palpitations?
output: You may be experiencing heart palpitations, which can feel like your heart is beating too fast, pumping too hard, or fluttering. Usually lasting only a few seconds, they can also be felt in your throat, neck, or chest. They usually aren't serious or harmful, though, and often go away on their own. Most of the time, they're caused by stress and anxiety, or because you've had too much caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol. They can also happen when you're pregnant. They can also be related to heart disease.
system: What should you check on the label on skin lightening products?
output: Make sure there is no mercury in the product. Mercury is sometimes listed under other names, such as calomel, mercuric, mercurous, or mercurio. Make sure an over-the-counter skin lightener with hydroquinone has no more than 2% of that chemical. If a label lists hydroquinone but doesn't say how much it contains, don't assume it's safe to use. Some foreign products contain more hydroquinone than is allowed in the U. S. and some labels may not be accurate. If you have any questions about a product you are considering, talk with your doctor or pharmacist to be certain it's safe.
system: What are skin lightening products?
output: Skin lightening products -- also known as bleaching creams, whiteners, skin brighteners, or fading creams -- work by reducing a pigment called melanin in the skin. Most people who use lighteners do so to treat skin problems such as age spots, acne scars, or discoloration related to hormones. It is also a technique used to lighten naturally dark skin.
system: What problems can skin lightening cause?
output: Long-term use may increase the risk of skin cancer from sun exposure. Always use a broad-spectrum sunscreen when using a skin lightener and going outside. Steroids in some skin lighteners may increase risk for skin infections, skin thinning, acne, and poor wound healing. Applying steroids to large areas of skin may put you at risk for health problems related to steroid being absorbed by the body. Hydroquinone may cause unwanted and untreatable skin discoloration (ochronosis). Various bleaching agents, including natural ingredients, can cause skin irritation or allergic reaction.
system: Is skin bleaching dangerous?
output: Skin bleaching is a cosmetic treatment to reduce the prominence of skin discolorations and even out the color of the skin. You can buy bleaching creams over the counter and by prescription. Some people apply skin lightener to their entire body to change their complexion, but this can be very risky. The active ingredient in some skin lighteners is mercury, so bleaching can lead to mercury poisoning. Mercury is a toxic agent that can cause serious psychiatric, neurological, and kidney problems. Pregnant women who use a skin lightener with mercury can pass the mercury to their unborn child.
system: What are the active ingredients in skin lighteners?
output: The active ingredient in some skin lighteners is mercury, so bleaching can lead to mercury poisoning. The most widely used ingredient in skin lighteners sold in the U. S. is hydroquinone. The FDA regulates the use of hydroquinone in the U. S. Over-the-counter skin lighteners can contain up to 2% hydroquinone. Dermatologists can write prescriptions for lighteners that contain 4%-6% hydroquinone. Other skin lighteners use drugs such as steroids and retinoic acid, which comes from vitamin A, as active ingredients. And some skin lighteners use natural ingredients such as kojic acid -- a compound that comes from a fungus -- and arbutin, a compound found in various plants.
system: When should you call a doctor about a nosebleed?
output: See a health care provider immediately if: Nosebleed doesn't stop after 10 minutes of home treatment. There is so much bleeding that it is hard to breathe. The person is taking blood thinners, such as warfarin ( Coumadin), dabigatran ( Pradaxa), rivaroxaban ( Xarelto), fondaparinux sodium ( Arixtra), or aspirin, or has a bleeding disorder. Nosebleed happens after a severe head injury or a blow to the face.
system: How can you stop a nosebleed?
output: Don't have the person lie down or tilt the head backward. With thumb and index finger, firmly pinch the nose just below the bone up against the face. Apply pressure for 5 minutes. Time yourself with a clock. If bleeding continues after 5 minutes, repeat the process.
system: Why is early diagnosis of osteosarcoma important?
output: Treatment works best when it's started before the cancer spreads beyond the bones to other tissues or organs. Most tumors are found early because kids speak up about pain or parents notice swelling or a limp. So let the doctor know about warning signs like these as soon as possible.
system: What treatments are available for osteosarcoma?
output: There are different kinds of treatment for osteosarcoma. It depends on several things, such as where the tumor is, how fast it's growing, and whether it has spread. Age and overall health are also factored in. Most people with osteosarcoma need both surgery and chemotherapy. Some also get radiation therapy.
system: When is treatment for osteosarcoma most effective?
output: Treatment works best when it's started before the cancer spreads beyond the bones to other tissues or organs. Most tumors are found early because kids speak up about pain or parents notice swelling or a limp. So let the doctor know about warning signs like these as soon as possible.
system: What causes osteosarcoma?
output: The condition stems from an error in your child's DNA, or genetic code. Bone-growing cells make osteosarcoma tumors by mistake. Teenagers who are having a âgrowth spurtâ are most likely to get it, and taller kids may be more at risk. There may also be a link between the speed of the growth spurt and tumor development, but scientists are still studying this. Treatments like radiation therapy for other types of cancer, or cancer medicines called alkylating agents, can also make this disease more likely. Certain illnesses, like Paget's disease of the bone or a type of eye cancer called hereditary retinoblastoma, may also raise the risk.
system: What are the warning signs of osteosarcoma?
output: Warning signs include: Swelling or lumps around bones or the ends of bones. Bone or joint pain or soreness. This pain may come and go for months. Broken bones that don't seem to be caused by normal events like a fall. Your child may have pain at night or after he plays or exercises. He might get a limp if osteosarcoma affects his legs. Tell your doctor about these symptoms right away. Your child may need to be tested to see if cancer is causing the pain, swelling, or breaks.
system: How is chemotherapy used to treat osteosarcoma?
output: â Chemoâ uses powerful medications to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. You usually get them through an IV tube. Doctors treat most osteosarcomas with chemo. Your child's doctor will talk with you about the timing of the chemo and surgery. Chemo may shrink the tumor, which makes surgery easier. It also gets rid of small clusters of cancer cells in the body that doctors may not be able to see on medical scans. Children tend to have less severe side effects from chemo than adults. Because of this, your child's cancer doctor may use higher doses of chemo to try to kill the tumor. Some side effects may include nausea and vomiting, not feeling hungry, and diarrhea.
system: What does a biopsy for osteosarcoma entail?
output: If your doctor sees signs of the disease on imaging tests, your child may need a biopsy. A surgeon will take a small sample of bone or tissue from a painful or swollen area. This test may show cancer cells in the bone, or if cancer cells have spread to muscles or other areas around the bone.
system: Who is most likely to get osteosarcoma?
output: Osteosarcoma, sometimes called osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common kind of bone cancer in children and teens. It can affect adults, too, but teenage boys are most likely to get it.
system: What should I do if my child has symptoms of osteosarcoma?
output: Tell your doctor about these symptoms right away. Your child may need to be tested to see if cancer is causing the pain, swelling, or breaks.
system: What are the symptoms of osteosarcoma?
output: Warning signs include: Swelling or lumps around bones or the ends of bones. He might get a limp if osteosarcoma affects his legs.
system: How do hydrofluoroalkane inhalers (HFA) work to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
output: There are three basic types: Hydrofluoroalkane inhalers or HFA (formerly metered dose inhaler or MDI) Dry powder inhalers ( DPI) Soft mist inhalers ( SMI) HFAs contain a liquid medication that you get through an aerosol spray. The medicine is in a pressurized canister that has a metering valve. You can close your lips around the mouthpiece or place the mouthpiece 1 to 2 inches from your mouth and breathe in slowly as you press down on the inhaler. Another method that many people like is to use a spacer. It's a hollow plastic tube that is attached between the mouthpiece and the canister of medicine. A spacer makes it easier to get the full dose of medication all the way to your lungs.
system: How do soft mist inhalers (SMI) work to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
output: An SMI is a newer type of inhaler that provides a pre-measured amount of medicine in a slow-moving mist that helps you inhale the medicine. You put your lips on the mouthpiece while you hold the device horizontally. Be careful not to cover the air vents. This type of device actively delivers medicine in a way that doesn't depend on how fast you breathe in the air from the inhaler.
system: Do all inhalers work the same way?
output: While inhalers use the same general principle, they don't all work the same way. For instance, you should shake an HFA before using it, but you never shake a DPI. Each device is cleaned differently and has a different way of tracking when it's empty. Always follow the instructions for your specific device.
system: What two ways can inhaled medicine be used to help with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
output: There are two main ways inhaled medicine is used: with an inhaler, and with a nebulizer. Inhalers and nebulizers have the same purpose: to get the medicine into your lungs. Both deliver the same type of medicine, and they work equally well when you use them properly. Inhalers and nebulizers are only available by prescription. While you might see some bronchodilator inhalers sold over the counter, don't use them unless your doctor recommends it. They could be dangerous for people with certain health conditions, such as heart problems.
system: How do nebulizers work to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
output: These machines change a liquid medicine into a mist that you inhale into your lungs. Nebulizers aren't particularly portable, so you keep a nebulizer at home. To use it, you measure out the medicine into a cup and attach the cup with tubing to the machine. Then you turn it on, relax, and breathe the mist in deeply through a mouthpiece or mask. Depending on the medication, it usually takes 20 minutes or less to inhale the medicine. Afterward, you need to clean the nebulizer and mouthpiece or mask with water (and soap every now and then) before you use it again.
system: How do dry powder inhalers (DPI) work to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
output: A DPI is similar to an HFA, but it releases a puff of dry powder instead of a liquid mist. You shouldn't use a DPI with a spacer. Instead, close your mouth tightly around the mouthpiece of the DPI inhaler and inhale rapidly and steadily. It's important to remove the device from your mouth before you exhale, so that humid air doesn't get into the device and make the powder clump.
system: What are 5 tips for using inhaled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medicine?
output: Most people with COPD use an inhaler. They also can help temporarily if you have a COPD flare-up. Know how to use it. When you first get the prescription, go over the instructions with your doctor or pharmacist -- or if you have a nebulizer, with a representative from the medical supply company. Or do you need it every day? Know how much you need. Always follow the prescription exactly. Never take more or less than your doctor recommends. If you have a COPD flare-up and your normal dosage doesn't help, don't keep taking more. Instead, get medical help right away. Know what the drug does. You might need more than one kind of inhaled medication. The most common treatment for COPD is a bronchodilator, which relaxes the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up. Since it's so important to control your COPD, make sure you always know how much medicine you have left. Get refills on time.