laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can calcium and vitamin D help osteoporosis?
output: Food sources of calcium include nonfat milk, low-fat yogurt, plant-based milks or orange juices that are fortified with calcium, broccoli, cauliflower, salmon, tofu, and leafy green vegetables. Get 1,000 milligrams of calcium each day if you're age 19-50. You need 1,200 milligrams per day if you're a woman age 51 or older, or a man age 71 and older. It's best to get your calcium from foods. If you want to take supplements, talk to your doctor first. She can check that it won't make it harder for your body to use any other medicines you take. Your doctor can also tell you if you need to take calcium supplements at a different time than your other medications. To help the body absorb calcium from either food or supplements, doctors recommend vitamin D. Get 600 international units ( IU) per day up to age 71, and then bump it up to 800 IU daily. You can get vitamin D from fortified foods and also from sunshine. But it gets harder to make vitamin D as you get older and during winter. Supplements help. Just don't take too much, or it could cause health problems. If you're very low on vitamin D, your doctor may give you a prescription for it. There are some other easy ways to get more calcium at home. For instance, you can add nonfat dry milk to everyday foods and beverages, including soups, stews, and casseroles. Each cup of dry milk adds about a third of the calcium you need each day. When you do this regularly, this helps your bone density, so your bones are stronger.
system: What is the treatment for Chagas disease?
output: If the disease enters its second (or chronic) phase, it can cause serious heart and intestinal problems, including: An enlarged heart, esophagus, or colon Heart failure An altered heart rhythm Blood clots Sudden cardiac arrest Chagas disease is easiest to treat during the first phase. But the lack of symptoms can make it tough to spot early on. If you think you have it, your doctor can give you blood tests. If the tests show you're infected, you'll need an EKG test to check for any heart problems. Two drugs can treat the disease: benznidazole ( Alunbrig) and nifurtimox ( Lampit), which kill the parasite. They work well if taken soon after infection. The longer someone's had Chagas disease, the less likely the drugs are to work. Pregnant women can't take them, but infected newborns can. If you're in the U. S., the only way to get the drugs is through the CDC, since they're not approved by the FDA. The drugs must be taken for up to 2 months. They can cause serious side effects, especially in older people.
system: What is Chagas disease?
output: A parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi) causes it. The disease infects up to 8 million people, mostly in Latin America. But cases recently started popping up in Texas. It can stay dormant for years or even decades.
system: How is high-intensity focused ultrasound used to treat prostate cancer?
output: This device produces sound waves that deliver heat energy to kill cancer cells. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.
system: What does the type of treatment I receive for prostate cancer depend on?
output: The treatment you need will depend on a few things: Your age, health, and lifestyle How serious your prostate cancer is (how large the tumor is and if it has spread in your body) Your thoughts (and your doctor's opinion) about if you need to treat the cancer right away Possible side effects The chance that a treatment will help or cure your cancer The most common prostate cancer treatments are: Watchful waiting.
system: What does waiting and observing early prostate cancer mean?
output: If you have a small, slow-growing tumor, you and your doctor may decide to wait until you have symptoms to initiate treatment. With active surveillance, you may have regular PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood tests, rectal exams, ultrasounds, and biopsies to see if the cancer is getting worse. If it starts to grow or spread, you can explore other treatments.
system: Is prostate cancer usually treated with one or multiple types of treatment?
output: You may start with one of these treatments and change it, or your doctor might mix different treatments. You'll work together to find the best plan.
system: What does surgery for prostate cancer consist of?
output: It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. There are several types. Your doctor may only remove your prostate gland. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometimes they go away on their own after surgery, especially bladder control issues. Talk to your surgeon beforehand to see if he thinks he'll be able to protect the nerves around your prostate to prevent these side effects.
system: How does cryotherapy for prostate cancer work?
output: If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. It's hard to say for sure how well it works. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using it to treat prostate cancer. It's usually not the first treatment option a doctor recommends.
system: What is a prostate cancer vaccine and how does it work?
output: Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down the cancer's growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.
system: How is chemotherapy used for prostate cancer?
output: This treatment uses drugs to shrink or kill prostate cancer cells. You can take the drugs by mouth or have them injected into your bloodstream. Most men with early prostate cancer don't get chemo. It's usually only for advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
system: What does radiation therapy for prostate cancer consist of?
output: This treatment uses high-energy beams (similar to X-rays) to kill the cancer. It's often a choice for older men and for those with other health problems. You also might have it after surgery to get rid of any cancer cells left behind. It also helps for cancer that has spread to the bone. There are two types of radiation: External: A machine outside your body directs rays at the cancer. Internal (brachytherapy): A doctor does surgery to place small radioactive "seeds" into or near the cancer. Sometimes, a mix of both treatments works best.
system: How does chemotherapy treat prostate cancer?
output: This treatment uses drugs to shrink or kill prostate cancer cells. You can take the drugs by mouth or have them injected into your bloodstream. Most men with early prostate cancer don't get chemo. It's usually only for advanced cases or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
system: How do cancer vaccines treat prostate cancer?
output: Most work by boosting your body's defenses so it can fight an infection. The prostate cancer vaccine gets your immune system to attack cancer cells. This treatment works best if you've tried hormone therapy and it isn't working anymore. The vaccine is custom-made for you. Scientists don't know if it stops or slows down the cancer's growth, but it does seem to help men live longer with prostate cancer.
system: How do bone-directed treatments help treat prostate cancer?
output: If the cancer reaches your bones, drugs called bisphosphonates can help ease pain and prevent breaks. Your doctor may also suggest a medication given in your veins that sends radiation directly to bones.
system: How is cryotherapy used to treat prostate cancer?
output: Cryotherapy. If you have early prostate cancer, your doctor might choose to kill cancer cells by freezing them. He'll put small needles or probes into your prostate to deliver very cold gasses that destroy the cells. Scientists haven't done much long-term research that focuses on using it to treat prostate cancer. It's unclear how well it works as it hasn't yet been compared with other standard prostate cancer treatments.
system: What is the best treatment for prostate cancer?
output: Others grow faster and spread to different places in your body. In either case, you and your doctor will work together to decide what's best for you. It's usually not the first treatment option a doctor recommends.
system: How does high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for prostate cancer work?
output: It's hard to say for sure how well it works. High-intensity focused ultrasound.
system: What should you know about surgery to treat prostate cancer?
output: It's an option if you're healthy and your cancer hasn't spread. Or he might take it and the tissue around it. The most common side effects from an operation are problems controlling your urine and trouble getting and keeping an erection. Sometimes they go away on their own after surgery, especially bladder control issues. Talk to your surgeon beforehand to see if he thinks he'll be able to protect the nerves around your prostate to prevent these side effects.
system: How can symptoms of an eye infection affect how you see?
output: You may find you have blurry vision. Some other problems you may get are fever, trouble wearing contacts, and swollen lymph nodes near your ear.
system: What are fungal eye infections?
output: It's rare to get infections from a fungus, but they can be serious if you do. Many fungal eye infections happen after an eye injury, especially if your eye was scraped by a something from a plant, like a stick or a thorn. You can also get one if you wear contacts and don't clean them properly.
system: What is pinkeye (conjunctivitis)?
output: It's an infection of your conjunctiva and usually gives your eyes a pink tint. It can be caused by a bacteria or virus, although sometimes you might get it from an allergic reaction or irritants. It's common to get pinkeye when you have a cold.
system: What is the definition of the "stomach flu"?
output: The common name for tummy troubles caused by any number of different microbes. It has no relation to flu.
system: What is the definition of antibacterial?
output: It can kill bacteria or slow their growth.
system: What is the definition of antiviral agents?
output: Medicines that treat viral infections. Antivirals like oseltamivir phosphate ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), or zanamivir ( Relenza) can be used to treat the flu or to help prevent it in people at high risk. As a treatment, they work best if you get them within the first 2 days after your symptoms start.
system: What is the definition of Reye's syndrome?
output: A life-threatening brain and liver disease that can follow infection with a virus, like the flu. It's most common in children. It's often linked with taking meds that contain aspirin.
system: What is the definition of immunity?
output: Protection from disease.
system: What is the definition of antibiotics?
output: Medicines that treat infections by killing bacteria. They don't work on viruses, like the flu.
system: What is the definition of antibiotic resistance?
output: When bacteria get used to an antibiotic and no longer respond to it. This happens because doctors sometimes prescribe antibiotics to people who don't need them.
system: What is the definition of germs?
output: Any microbes, including viruses or bacteria.
system: What is the definition of immunization?
output: A way to make you immune to a disease, specifically by taking a vaccine.
system: What is the definition of nasal vaccine?
output: A vaccination, like Flu Mist, that you breathe in, rather than one given by shot.
system: What is the definition of virus?
output: A microscopic organism that invades living cells to reproduce. Many, like influenza, cause illness. Antibiotics don't affect a virus.
system: What is the definition of influenza?
output: Also called the flu, it's a common but sometimes serious viral infection of your lungs and airways. It can cause congestion, fever, body aches, and other symptoms.
system: What is the definition of bacteria?
output: Microscopic one-celled organisms. Some of them cause illness.
system: What is the definition of the common cold?
output: A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Colds aren't related to the flu.
system: What is the definition of vaccine?
output: A substance that helps protect against certain diseases. Vaccines contain a dead or weakened version of a microbe. It helps your immune system recognize and destroy the living microbe during a future infection.
system: What is the definition of pneumonia?
output: An inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms are fever, chills, cough, chest pain, and trouble breathing. It's often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
system: What is the definition of bronchitis?
output: Inflammation of the airways leading to your lungs. Causes include viruses, bacteria, and irritants like cigarette smoke.
system: How can I lower my chances of getting trichomoniasis?
output: But you can take some steps to lower your chances of getting it: Always use latex condoms, and use them the right way. This helps, but won't totally protect you because trich can infect areas that a condom doesn't cover. Also, because you can get trich just through contact, make sure to put the condom on early, before it touches the vagina. For women -- avoid douching. Your vagina has a natural balance of bacteria to keep you healthy. When you douche, you remove some of those helpful bacteria, which can raise your chances of getting an STD. Stick with just one sex partner who's been tested and doesn't have any STDs. If that doesn't work for you, think about limiting your number of sex partners. Talk openly with your sex partners about your sexual histories and potential risk of infection. This can help you make the best choice for yourself.
system: What causes trichomoniasis?
output: Trich is caused by a tiny, one-celled parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Anyone who's sexually active can get it. It affects women more than men, and older women tend to get it more than younger ones.
system: How could I get trichomoniasis?
output: You get trich from having sex with someone who has it. Typically, trich is passed between the penis and vagina, and it doesn't matter if a man ejaculates or not -- it can be spread just through contact. Women who have sex with women can also get trich because it can spread through vaginal contact, as well. Women typically get the infection in their vulva, vagina, cervix, or urethra. Men usually get it just inside their penis in the urethra, but they may also get it in their prostate. You don't typically get it in other parts of your body, such as your hands, mouth, or anus. The thing to keep in mind with trich is that you can spread it even if you don't have any symptoms. That also means you can get it from someone who doesn't have any symptoms.
system: What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?
output: But if you or one of your sex partners has it, it's important to get treatment. Trich raises the chances that you could get or spread other STDS including HIV.
system: How do antiseptics and powered toothbrushes help prevent dental problems?
output: Antiseptic rinses help get rid of bacteria that cause gum disease and bad breath. Fluoride rinses help prevent tooth decay. Dentists recommend rinsing once or twice a day. You may find a powered toothbrush better, especially if you have hand, arm, or shoulder problems that make manual brushing difficult. If you have children, be sure to buy them child-sized brushes so they fit their hands and mouth, and are easier to use.
system: What are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency anemia?
output: Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms.
system: What are complications from folic acid deficiency anemia?
output: Most cases of this type of anemia are easily treated. Severe effects are rare. But if you've been without folate for a long time, your risk of having some types of cancer and heart disease goes up. You might also find it harder to get pregnant. Your fertility will likely return to normal once you're getting enough folate again. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption. This happens when the placenta pulls away from the uterus wall and disrupts blood flow to your fetus. It can cause pain and increased bleeding. Your fetus could die. Your unborn child can also be harmed by too little folate. She may have a low birth weight or be born before her due date. She's also more likely to have spina bifida, a disease that causes damage to the spinal cord and nerves.
system: How is folic acid deficiency anemia treated?
output: Folate deficiency anemia is prevented and treated by eating a healthy diet. This includes foods rich in folic acid, such as nuts, leafy green vegetables, enriched breads and cereals, and fruit. Your doctor will also likely prescribe you a daily folic acid supplement. If your folate levels return to normal, you may be able to stop taking it. But some people need a supplement for life.
system: How is folic acid deficiency anemia diagnosed?
output: Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. He might also order blood tests and a complete blood count ( CBC) test to measure the number and appearance of your red blood cells. If you have a lack of folate, your red blood cells look large and immature.
system: What is folic acid deficiency anemia?
output: Anemia is a condition that happens when you don't have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body's tissues. One reason could be that you don't have enough hemoglobin to make red blood cells. That's a protein in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. You can also become anemic by not getting enough folate (vitamin B9), the natural form of folic acid found in foods.
system: What causes folic acid deficiency anemia?
output: This is the case for most people. You might not be eating enough foods like leafy green vegetables, beans, citrus fruits, or whole grains. You drink a lot of alcohol. Over time, this makes it harder for your intestines to absorb folate. You have stomach problems. When your small intestine isn't working the way it should, your body has a hard time hanging on to as much folate as it needs. For instance, people with celiac disease are at risk for this type of anemia. People with cancer are, as well. You're pregnant. A growing baby absorbs lots of folic acid from its mother. A medication you're taking is keeping your body from absorbing folate. This is the case with many medicines, such as phenytoin ( Dilantin), methotrexate, sulfasalazine, triamterene, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and barbiturates. You were born with it. Problems absorbing enough folic acid can run in families. Infants with this problem need treatment right away to avoid long-term problems. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption.
system: When should you call the doctor about folic acid deficiency anemia?
output: People with cancer are, as well. Your fetus could die.
system: How can antidepressants cause sexual problems?
output: Many men and women with depression tell of having low or no sexual desire. And that puts a tremendous strain on intimate relationships. As helpful as antidepressants are in boosting a person's mood or sense of self-worth, some types of antidepressants -- for example, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs) -- can have undesirable side effects. Those side effects can result in sexual problems. Antidepressants help boost mood in people with depression by altering the functioning of brain chemicals (neurotransmitters). But the same chemicals are involved in the sexual response.
system: How are sexual problems with depression or with antidepressants treated?
output: Sexual problems with antidepressants may include: Inability to initiate or enjoy sex Erectile dysfunction ( ED) or delayed ejaculation for men Decreased sexual desire Inability to achieve an orgasm If you have depression and are noticing a reduced interest in sex or problems with sexual functioning, it is important for you and your doctor to figure out if the cause of sexual dysfunction is the depression, the antidepressant you may be taking, or some other medical explanation. Your doctor might try newer antidepressants that may not dampen the libido or sexual response, or he may prescribe another medication to try to counteract sexual side effects, which can be taken in tandem with the antidepressant. Talk openly with both your partner and your doctor.
system: How can I get dry mouth?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } We all need saliva to moisten and cleanse our mouths and digest food. Saliva also prevents infection by controlling bacteria and fungi in the mouth. When you don't make enough saliva, your mouth gets dry and uncomfortable. Fortunately, many treatments can help against dry mouth, also called xerostomia.
system: How can certain medications lead to dry mouth?
output: Dry mouth can also be a side effect of muscle relaxants and sedatives. Side effect of certain diseases and infections.
system: How can nerve damage lead to dry mouth?
output: Nerve damage .
system: What are some other causes of dry mouth?
output: Surgical removal of the salivary glands. Lifestyle. Smoking or chewing tobacco can affect how much saliva you make and aggravate dry mouth. Breathing with your mouth open a lot can also contribute to the problem.
system: How is dry mouth treated?
output: If you think your dry mouth is caused by certain medication you're taking, talk to your doctor. The doctor may adjust the dose you're taking or switch you to a different drug that doesn't cause dry mouth. The doctor may also prescribe an oral rinse to restore mouth moisture. If that doesn't help, he or she may prescribe a medication that boosts saliva production called Salagen.
system: How can dehydration lead to dry mouth?
output: Dehydration .
system: How can certain medical treatments lead to dry mouth?
output: Damage to the salivary glands, the glands that make saliva, can reduce the amount of saliva produced. For example, the damage could stem from radiation to the head and neck, and chemotherapy treatments, for cancer.
system: How can certain diseases lead to dry mouth?
output: Dry mouth can be a side effect of medical conditions, including SjÃ¶gren's syndrome, HIV/ AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, anemia, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and mumps.