laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What  questions can I ask if my child is diagnosed with hemophilia B?
output: You might want to ask your doctor: Is this a severe case? Have you treated someone with this condition before? What treatment do you recommend? How often will we need to come to the doctor's office? How long is too long to bleed from a small cut? What do we need to look out for? Are some symptoms more serious than others? Are there over-the-counter medicines we should or shouldn't use? How do we keep safe? Do we need to limit activities? Do we need to make teachers and care providers aware? How do we connect with other families who have kids with hemophilia? What are the chances our other children will have hemophilia? What about our grandchildren?
system: What are signs of bleeding in the brain caused by hemophilia B?
output: With this disease, even a small bump to the head can be serious. If it happens, get emergency medical help for any of these signs of bleeding in the brain: Headache Neck pain and stiffness Vomiting Sleepiness Sudden weakness or problems walking In the first 6 months of life, babies don't fall or get hurt often, so an early diagnosis is rare.
system: What  blood tests are used to diagnose hemophilia?
output: To get the diagnosis, doctors will test your child's blood to find out how long it takes to clot and to see if it's missing any clotting factors. This often includes: Complete blood count ( CBC). It gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in your blood. Prothrombin time ( PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time ( PTT). Both test how long it takes blood to clot. Factor VIII and factor IX tests. These measure levels of those clotting factors.
system: What is hemophilia B?
output: The bleeding can happen both on the surface or inside his body. It can be serious. With the right treatment, though, and by avoiding certain risks, your child can have an active life. People with hemophilia don't have enough of a protein that helps blood clot. There are two main types of the condition: A and B. Your child's type depends on which protein, or clotting factor, he lacks. There are 13 of these clotting factors in our blood. With hemophilia B, you don't have enough factor IX. More than half the people with it have a severe case; they have almost no factor IX in their blood. Does he have any other medical concerns? If your child has severe hemophilia, he may need regular treatments to prevent bleeding.
system: When is hemophilia B often diagnosed?
output: The two main symptoms are bleeding for longer than normal, and bruising easily. If it happens, get emergency medical help for any of these signs of bleeding in the brain: Headache Neck pain and stiffness Vomiting Sleepiness Sudden weakness or problems walking In the first 6 months of life, babies don't fall or get hurt often, so an early diagnosis is rare. You may start noticing issues once your baby becomes more active. As he begins to crawl, he may get bumps and raised bruises. There may be bleeding in the joints. Bruising and long-lasting bleeding from even small injuries may cause a doctor to suspect hemophilia.
system: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about changing doctors?
output: If you need to change doctors, you'll have to give your new doctor all the details of your cancer diagnosis and treatment. Give him a copy of the summary you've been taking to appointments, and make sure you transfer all of your medical records.
system: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about follow-up tests?
output: What types of screenings you have and how often you get them will depend on the type and stage of cancer you had and the treatments you got. You'll likely need check-ups three to four times a year during the first two or three years after treatment and one or two times a year after that. These might include: A physical exam.
system: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should my primary care doctor know?
output: Your oncologist will usually start out as your main contact. He'll be the one to give you a schedule for screenings and tests. He may ask your primary care doctor to take over your follow-up care at some point. If that happens, be sure to give your doctor a summary of your cancer treatment that includes: Your follow-up plan from your oncologist Names and doses of all your chemotherapy drugs or other medicines The dates and specifics of your diagnosis (including cancer stage and other details) Any side effects or complications of treatment Types and dates of all surgeries and locations where they were done Dates and amounts of radiation and where it was done Contact info for all of your doctors You also should keep a copy of this summary.
system: My treatment for colon cancer is over. When are times to call my doctor?
output: If you need to change doctors, you'll have to give your new doctor all the details of your cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are drugs and other treatments to ease these symptoms and keep you feeling as good as possible. Don't wait until a regularly scheduled follow-up appointment if you're having any of these issues -- call your doctor right away: Abdominal pain, weight loss, or blood in your stool Fatigue that gets in the way of your daily life Problems with your bowel movements, bladder, or sexual function Mental changes, like difficulty concentrating, anxiety, depression, or memory loss Trouble sleeping Changes in your family medical history, like relatives who've recently been diagnosed with cancer
system: My treatment for colon cancer is over. What should I know about follow-up care?
output: That means regular check-ups with your oncologist and primary care doctor to help you maintain the progress you've made. He may ask your primary care doctor to take over your follow-up care at some point.
system: What will determine if surgery is necessary before performing a radical prostatectomy?
output: Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate. Men younger than age 75 with limited prostate cancer who are expected to live at least 10 more years tend to get the most benefit from radical prostatectomy. Before performing radical prostatectomy, doctors first try to establish that the prostate cancer has not spread beyond the prostate. The statistical risk of spread can be determined from tables comparing the results of a biopsy and PSA levels.
system: What is a robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy?
output: Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy Small incisions are made in the belly, as in regular laparoscopic prostatectomy. A surgeon controls an advanced robotic system of surgical tools from outside the body. A high-tech interface lets the surgeon use natural wrist movements and a 3- D screen during radical prostatectomy.
system: What happens during radical prostatectomy?
output: During radical prostatectomy, the removed prostate is examined under a microscope to see if prostate cancer has reached the edge of the prostate. If so, the prostate cancer has probably spread. In these cases, further treatments may be needed.
system: Who should undergo a radical prostatectomy?
output: They include: Urinary incontinence: More than 95% of men younger than age 50 are continent after radical prostatectomy.
system: What happens before performing a radical prostatectomy?
output: Before performing radical prostatectomy, doctors first try to establish that the prostate cancer has not spread beyond the prostate. The statistical risk of spread can be determined from tables comparing the results of a biopsy and PSA levels. Further testing for spread, if needed, can include CT scans, bone scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound.
system: What are the complications for a radical prostatectomy?
output: Still, complications from inadvertent nerve damage do occur after radical prostatectomy. They include: Urinary incontinence: More than 95% of men younger than age 50 are continent after radical prostatectomy. Around 85% of men aged 70 or older maintain continence after the operation. Erectile dysfunction ( ED): Problems with erections are common after prostatectomy. Still, most men are able to have sex after prostatectomy while using medicines for ED (such as Viagra or Cialis), an external pump, or injectable medications. The younger the man, the higher the chance of maintaining potency after prostatectomy. A period of penile rehabilitation is often necessary. Much of the skill involved in radical prostatectomy centers on sparing these nerves during the operation.
system: What is the difference between open radical prostatectomy versus a minimally invasive radical prostatectomy?
output: In 2009, researchers in Boston reported on a study that compared outcomes, benefits, and complications of open surgery vs. minimally invasive surgery: No difference was found in deaths or in the need for additional cancer therapy between the two approaches. The median hospital stay was two days for minimally invasive surgery and three days for open surgery. 2.7% of men having laparoscopic surgery required a blood transfusion compared with 20.8% of men having open surgery. There was more anastomotic stricture -- narrowing of the suture where internal body parts are rejoined -- for open surgery (14%) than for minimally invasive surgery (5.8%). There were fewer respiratory complications with minimally invasive surgery (4.3%) than with open surgery (6.6%). There were lower rates of incontinence and erectile dysfunction with open surgery. The overall rate was 4.7% for laparoscopic surgery and 2.1% for open surgery.
system: What is a laparoscopic prostatectomy?
output: Laparoscopic prostatectomy In laparoscopic prostatectomy, surgeons make several small incisions across the belly. Surgical tools and a camera are inserted through the incisions, and radical prostatectomy is performed from outside the body. The surgeon views the entire operation on a video screen.
system: What are the risks for radical prostatectomy?
output: Radical prostatectomy has a low risk of serious complications. Death or serious disability caused by radical prostatectomy is extremely rare.
system: What are some other complications of radical prostatectomy?
output: Other complications of radical prostatectomy include: Bleeding after the operation Urinary leaks Blood clots Infection Poor wound healing Groin hernia Narrowing of the urethra, blocking urine flow Less than 10% of men experience complications after prostatectomy, and these are usually treatable or short-term.
system: What is the goal of radical prostatectomy?
output: Radical prostatectomy can cure prostate cancer in men whose cancer is limited to the prostate. However, prostate cancer cure is only possible from prostatectomy if prostate cancer is limited to the prostate.
system: What should someone expect after radical prostatectomy?
output: The median hospital stay was two days for minimally invasive surgery and three days for open surgery. A urinary catheter is inserted during the surgery, and some men may need to wear the catheter home for a few days to a few weeks. Another catheter inserted through the skin also may need to stay in place for a few days after returning home. Pain after radical prostatectomy can generally be controlled with prescription pain medicines. It can take weeks or months for urinary and sexual function to return to their maximum levels. After radical prostatectomy, regular follow-up is essential to make sure prostate cancer does not return.
system: What are the different types of radical prostatectomy?
output: Surgeons choose from two different approaches to reach and remove the prostate during a radical prostatectomy. One is a traditional approach known as open prostatectomy. The other, more recent approach is minimally invasive. There are two minimally invasive procedures used in radical prostatectomy: laparoscopic prostatectomy and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. During radical prostatectomy, the removed prostate is examined under a microscope to see if prostate cancer has reached the edge of the prostate.
system: What is radical prostatectomy?
output: Surgeons choose from two different approaches to reach and remove the prostate during a radical prostatectomy. However, prostate cancer cure is only possible from prostatectomy if prostate cancer is limited to the prostate.
system: What is a benefit of undergoing radical prostatectomy?
output: Skilled surgeons can usually protect most of these nerves during radical prostatectomy. The younger the man, the higher the chance of maintaining potency after prostatectomy.
system: Who gets adjustment disorder?
output: Adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome is very common and can affect anyone, regardless of gender, age, race, or lifestyle. Although an adjustment disorder can occur at any age, it is more common at times in life when major transitions occur, such as adolescence, mid-life, and late-life.
system: What can trigger an adjustment disorder?
output: The type of stress that can trigger an adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome varies depending on the person, but can include: Ending of a relationship or marriage Losing or changing job Death of a loved one Developing a serious illness (yourself or a loved one) Being a victim of a crime Having an accident Undergoing a major life change (such as getting married, having a baby, or retiring from a job) Living through a disaster, such as a fire, flood, or hurricane A person with an adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome develops emotional and/or behavioral symptoms as a reaction to a stressful event.
system: Is adjustment disorder the same thing as PTSD?
output: An adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome is not the same as post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD). PTSD occurs as a reaction to a life-threatening event that occurs at least 1 month after the event, and its symptoms tend to last longer than in adjustment disorders/stress response syndromes. By comparison, adjustment disorders/stress response syndromes rarely last longer than six months.
system: How do you diagnose an adjustment disorder?
output: If symptoms are present, your doctor may perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical and mental health history. Although there are no imaging or lab tests to specifically diagnose an adjustment disorder, the doctor may sometimes use laboratory tests -- such as blood tests or imaging studies like CT or MRI scans -- to rule out physical illness or other medical causes of changes in mood or behavior (such as head trauma) as the cause of your symptoms. Your doctor will also look for other mental illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, or an anxiety disorder. Your doctor bases his or her diagnosis of adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome on your report of the intensity and duration of symptoms -- including any problems with daily functioning caused by the symptoms.
system: Is adjustment disorder different in children and adults?
output: An adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome can have a wide variety of symptoms that are changes from someone's usual self, which may include: Feeling of hopelessness Sadness Frequent crying Anxiety (nervousness) Worry Headaches or stomachaches Palpitations (an unpleasant sensation of irregular or forceful beating of the heart) Withdrawal or isolation from people and social activities A new pattern of absence from work or school New and uncharacteristic dangerous or destructive behavior, such as fighting, reckless driving, and vandalism Changes in appetite, either loss of appetite, or overeating Problems sleeping Feeling tired or without energy Increase in the use of alcohol or other drugs Symptoms in children and teens tend to be more behavioral in nature, such as skipping school, fighting, or acting out. Adults, on the other hand, tend to experience more emotional symptoms, such as sadness and anxiety.
system: How long do symptoms of adjustment disorder last?
output: These symptoms generally begin within three months of the event and rarely last for longer than six months after the event or situation has ended.
system: What is adjustment disorder?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Adjustment disorder is a short-term condition that occurs when a person has great difficulty coping with, or adjusting to, a particular source of stress, such as a major life change, loss, or event. In 2013, the mental health diagnostic system technically changed the name of "adjustment disorder" to "stress response syndrome." Because people with an adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome often have some of the symptoms of clinical depression, such as tearfulness, feelings of hopelessness, and loss of interest in work or activities, adjustment disorder is sometimes informally called "situational depression." Unlike major depression, however, an adjustment disorder doesn't involve as many of the physical and emotional symptoms of clinical depression (such as changes in sleep, appetite and energy) or high levels of severity (such as suicidal thinking or behavior).
system: Can you prevent an adjustment disorder?
output: There is no known way to prevent adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome. However, strong family and social support can help a person work through a particularly stressful situation or event. The best prevention is early treatment, which can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, and teach new coping skills.
system: How do you treat an adjustment disorder?
output: Psychotherapy (a type of counseling) is the most common treatment for adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome. Therapy helps the person understand how the stressor has affected his or her life. Support groups can also be helpful by allowing the person to discuss his or her concerns and feelings with people who are coping with the same stress. In some cases, short-term medication may be used to help control anxiety symptoms or sleeping problems. Most people with adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome recover completely.
system: What are symptoms of an adjustment disorder?
output: In an adjustment disorder, the reaction to the stressor is greater than what is typical or expected for the situation or event. In addition, the symptoms may cause problems with a person's ability to function; for example, the person may be have trouble with sleep, work, or studying. An adjustment disorder/stress response syndrome can have a wide variety of symptoms that are changes from someone's usual self, which may include: Feeling of hopelessness Sadness Frequent crying Anxiety (nervousness) Worry Headaches or stomachaches Palpitations (an unpleasant sensation of irregular or forceful beating of the heart) Withdrawal or isolation from people and social activities A new pattern of absence from work or school New and uncharacteristic dangerous or destructive behavior, such as fighting, reckless driving, and vandalism Changes in appetite, either loss of appetite, or overeating Problems sleeping Feeling tired or without energy Increase in the use of alcohol or other drugs Symptoms in children and teens tend to be more behavioral in nature, such as skipping school, fighting, or acting out.
system: How might transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and ultrasound help you manage pain?
output: Although there are no products that take pain away completely, there are some that you and your doctor could consider. TENS and ultrasound. TENS, uses a device to send an electric current to the skin over the area where you have pain. Ultrasound sends sound waves to the places you have pain. Both may offer relief by blocking the pain messages sent to your brain.
system: How can relaxation help you manage pain?
output: Meditation and deep breathing are two techniques to try. You could also picture a peaceful scene, do some gentle stretching, or listen to music you love. Another technique is to scan your body slowly in your mind and consciously try to relax each part of your body, one by one, from head to toe. Any healthy activity that helps you unwind is good for you and can help you feel better prepared to manage your pain.
system: What problems can chronic pain cause?
output: Some examples include: Headaches Low back pain Cancer pain Arthritis pain Pain caused by nerve damage It can cause tense muscles, problems with moving, a lack of energy, and changes in appetite. It can also affect your emotions. Some people feel depressed, angry, or anxious about the pain and injury coming back. Chronic pain doesn't always have an obvious physical cause.
system: Can my doctor help me stop biting my nails?
output: If you still struggle after trying multiple methods, talk to your doctor about whether therapy's a good option to help you get to the bottom of the problem and take nail biting out of the picture.
system: How can I stop biting my nails?
output: It's a way to cope with these feelings. Coat them with a bad taste. There are special nail polishes with a bitter flavor you can paint on your nails. If gloves won't work for your daily schedule, you can look for stickers made to cover nails -- they can have the same effect. Find your triggers. Notice how you feel or what you're doing when you bite your nails. Find something to fiddle with -- a stress ball, a worry stone, or even a pen to click. Chew gum so your mouth has a job.
system: Why should I stop biting my nails?
output: Nail biting won't typically cause permanent damage. But it definitely has its downsides: It can make your nails grow in weird. It can make you sick. Hands are a hotbed for germs, and nails are their perfect hideout. Notice how you feel or what you're doing when you bite your nails.
system: What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?
output: The pancreas -- a spongy, tadpole-shaped organ located behind the stomach -- makes enzymes our bodies need to digest food and hormones to regulate blood sugar levels. If the pancreas is injured, its ducts, which carry enzyme-containing juices, can become blocked. This can lead to the development of a fluid-filled sac called a pancreatic pseudocyst. A pseudocyst isn't a true cyst, because the wall of the sac is not composed of a specific lining of cells characteristic of a true cyst. The most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst is inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis. A less common cause or contributor is trauma, such as a blow to the abdomen. Pancreatitis is most commonly caused by alcohol abuse and gallstones.
system: How are pancreatic pseudocysts treated?
output: The most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst is inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis. Here's what you need to know about pseudocysts and their treatment. Although the symptoms of pseudocysts may be different for different people, some of the most common are abdominal pain and bloating. If a pseudocyst is small and not causing serious symptoms, a doctor may want to monitor it with periodic CT scans. If the pseudocyst persists, gets larger, or causes pain, it will require surgical treatment. If not monitored or treated, a pseudocyst can become infected or rupture, causing severe pain, blood loss and abdominal infection.
system: How is a pancreatic pseudocyst drained without surgery?
output: The most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst is inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis. Often pseudocysts get better and go away on their own. This can be done by a radiologist or gastroenterologist, a doctor specializing in the digestive system. A radiologist will drain it by inserting a needle guided by computed tomography. A gastroenterologist may drain the pseudocyst through the stomach by creating a small opening between the pseudocyst and the stomach, or by placing a stent into the pancreas during endoscopy. If the stent is placed directly into the pseudocyst then the fluid from the pseudocyst is drained into the intestine through this tube.