laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Why does Koebner phenomenon happen?
output: Doctors aren't sure what makes your skin respond to an injury with plaques. You can have a Koebner response from anything that changes your skin on the outside or the inside, including: Injuries such as animal bites, stings, burns, cuts, bumps, or rubbed skin Conditions like diaper rash, eczema, infection, scabies, warts, or dermatitis Allergic reactions or skin irritations Sunburn or radiation You can also trigger the condition when you get a tattoo, vaccinations, or acupuncture.
system: What is the Koebner phenomenon and who gets it?
output: Doctors sometimes call it âisomorphic responseâ or â Koebnerization." It happens most often in people with psoriasis, but it happens in other skin conditions, too, including warts and vitiligo. If you have active flares, you are more likely to have a Koebner response. But it can still happen even if you have never had plaques on your skin. Each reaction has its own pace. It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. Sometimes it can take as long as 2 years. Doctors aren't sure what makes your skin respond to an injury with plaques.
system: What is the Koebner phenomenon?
output: For some people with psoriasis, even the tiniest pinprick or a bite from a mosquito can trigger plaques to appear in new places. Anytime your skin is hurt or irritated, you can get a new patch of psoriasis. Doctors call this reaction the Koebner phenomenon, and it happens to 1 out of 4 people who have psoriasis.
system: What kind of reaction will someone have with the Koebner phenomenon?
output: Koebner phenomenon plaques are just like regular psoriasis flare-ups. They can be: Raised Red Scaly Itchy or painful They can also crack and bleed. In most cases, worse injuries mean more plaques. Unlike regular psoriasis flares that show up on knees, elbows, the scalp, and the lower back, Koebner phenomenon plaques can happen anywhere your skin has been hurt.
system: How is the Koebner phenomenon treated?
output: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future. Koebner phenomenon plaques get the same treatment as your regular psoriasis plaques. There are many options, including: An ointment, lotion, or cream. You can get them over the counter and by prescription. Some have steroids and some don't. Prescription medicines come as a pill, liquid, or shot. Some tamp down inflammation. Others work on your immune system. Your doctor may recommend a device that gives you exposure to UV light on a regular basis to slow down the growth of your psoriasis. Psoriasis treatments work differently for different people. Your doctor can help you find the one that works best for you.
system: When should you call your doctor about the Koebner phenomenon?
output: It takes about 10-20 days after a skin injury for plaques to show up. She can add this information to your treatment plan. Knowing what triggers your psoriasis can help you avoid flares in the future.
system: What foods can affect your lower esophageal sphincter (LES) leading to heartburn?
output: Certain foods can relax your LES or increase stomach acid, including: Tomatoes Citrus fruits Garlic and onions Chocolate Coffee or caffeinated products Alcohol Peppermint Meals high in fats and oils (animal or vegetable) often lead to heartburn, as do certain medications. Stress and lack of sleep can raise how much acid your stomach makes and can cause heartburn.
system: What are two main thyroid disorders?
output: One is Graves' disease, where your thyroid makes too many hormones (hyperthyroidism). The other is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes low levels of hormones (hypothyroidism). Both happen when your immune system makes a mistake and attacks your thyroid gland instead of fighting infections. Because certain proteins in your eyes are similar to thyroid tissue, your immune system may attack them, too.
system: What do I need to know about dry eyes and thyroid disorders?
output: Sometimes they may be the first sign of a thyroid disease. If you have dry eyes and a family member with Graves' or Hashimoto's disease, you may want to get checked, too.
system: When should I see a diabetes educator?
output: The American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics created a guide to help doctors make referrals to certified diabetes educators. It recommends seeing someone once a year as well as when: You're first diagnosed New problems come up that might affect how you manage your diabetes Your treatment or care changes
system: Will insurance cover diabetes education?
output: Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do. But to be covered, an education program has to meet standards set by the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.
system: What does a diabetes educator do?
output: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you.
system: How effective is diabetes education?
output: After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.
system: Why would I need a diabetes educator?
output: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. There's research to suggest that diabetes education can lower your risk of complications like nerve and kidney damage, which helps you avoid dialysis and gives you a better quality of life. Knowing what's going on with your body also helps you feel more in control of your health.
system: What studies have been done on the effectiveness of diabetes educators?
output: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Their LDL, or bad cholesterol, went down by 53%. Before the study, about 1/3 had high blood pressure; after the study, only 1/4 had it.
system: What if the albumin test results are higher than normal?
output: They can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. So check with your doctor to make sure your diabetes educator does, unless you're going to pay the cost yourself.
system: Does diabetes education really work?
output: Your diabetes educator will help you learn to take in stride all the things in your day-to-day life that can help control the disease -- like exercise, nutrition, medications, and checking your blood sugar. They may also work with your family so they understand your needs better and can be there to support you. After 15 months, they lowered their A1c levels (blood sugar across a 3-month period) by an average of 67%. Yes, Medicare and most private insurers do.
system: What can diabetics learn from diabetes education?
output: Diabetes educators can be nurses or other health professionals who have specialized expertise in diabetes and lots of experience working with people who have it. Folks in the study learned about important self-care strategies, like: Healthy eating Exercise Medication Self-monitoring Easing stress Dealing with potential problems They also had the chance to participate in group sessions.
system: How soon can you go home after a laminectomy?
output: Here's what will happen in the hospital or surgical center after the laminectomy: You'll be transported to a "post-op" area for observation and continued monitoring of your vital signs. Most people are awake but groggy for several hours after a laminectomy. Although some people go home the same day, most are admitted to the hospital for at least one day.
system: What is recovery from a laminectomy like?
output: Depending on the extent of your surgery, you may need help getting out of bed and walking for up to a few days after the laminectomy. Most people can return to driving in one to two weeks; your surgeon will let you know when it is safe to get back on the road. You'll need to limit your activities that include bending, stooping, or lifting for several weeks after your laminectomy. Your doctor will remove your stitches or staples after about two weeks. You may not know if the surgery reduced your back pain until about six weeks or more after the laminectomy.
system: How should you treat symptoms for a black widow spider bite?
output: Apply ice on the way to the health care provider's office or emergency room to relieve pain and swelling.
system: How should you follow up regarding a black widow spider bite?
output: The health care provider will examine and clean the wound. The person may require a tetanus shot or booster, depending on the date of the last injection. A person with severe symptoms -- such as intense pain and cramping or high blood pressure -- may be admitted to the hospital. Antivenin may be needed.
system: When should you call 911 about a black widow spider bite?
output: Has trouble breathing Shows signs of shock Call your health care provider or go to a hospital emergency room.
system: When should you get help for a black widow spider bite?
output: Has trouble breathing Shows signs of shock Call your health care provider or go to a hospital emergency room. If possible, kill the spider and take it to the doctor with you. Symptoms include target-like marking and slight swelling at wound site, muscle pains and cramps within 2 hours of the bite, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, itching, anxiety, and increased blood pressure.
system: How is a pulmonary embolism diagnosed?
output: Your doctor will order different types tests, including lung tests, to check for a PE.
system: What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?
output: PE won't always cause symptoms. You might have: Chest pain, which may get worse with a deep breath Sudden shortness of breath or rapid breathing Fast heartbeat Sudden cough Coughing up blood Lightheadedness or fainting Anxiety Call 911 if you notice these symptoms. They could also be symptoms of a heart attack, pneumonia, or other serious problems.
system: How can you avoid a pulmonary embolism?
output: You and your doctor should figure out what may have caused your DVT, so you can take steps to avoid getting more clots.
system: What is the treatment for a pulmonary embolism?
output: Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may give you a drug called a thrombolytic to dissolve the clot. These medicines can save your life, but they can also cause bleeding that's hard to stop. You'll have to be in the hospital, and the staff will watch you carefully. For some very serious cases, a specialist may need to do surgery to break up and remove the clot. If your symptoms aren't life-threatening, or if using a thrombolytic would be too dangerous, your doctor will give you medication that interrupts the clotting process or stops platelets in your blood from sticking together. They don't break down the clot, but they'll keep it from getting bigger while your body works on dissolving it. Afterward, you'll probably take a blood thinner pill for at least 3 months.
system: What is a pulmonary embolism?
output: A pulmonary embolism ( PE) usually happens when a blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis ( DVT), often in your leg, travels to your lungs and blocks a blood vessel. That leads to low oxygen levels in your blood. It can damage the lung and other organs and cause heart failure, too.
system: If I have psoriasis, how often should I moisturize my skin to avoid cuts?
output: Reapply moisturizer at least twice a day. Think ointment or oil is too greasy? Try a thick cream instead of a thin lotion.
system: How often should you apply moisturizer if you have psoriasis?
output: Reapply moisturizer at least twice a day. Think ointment or oil is too greasy? Try a thick cream instead of a thin lotion.
system: How can I soften my skin when I have psoriasis?
output: Take these steps to keep your skin moist: Soak in a lukewarm bath for 15 minutes. Avoid hot water and harsh soaps. They can dry you out. To ease the itching and irritation, you can add: Oils Epsom salts Colloidal oatmeal Dead Sea salts When you get out, pat your skin dry with a towel. Then put on an emollient ointment, cream, or oil.
system: If I have psoriasis, how can I moisturize my skin to avoid cuts?
output: Take these steps to keep your skin moist: Soak in a lukewarm bath for 15 minutes. Avoid hot water and harsh soaps. They can dry you out. To ease the itching and irritation, you can add: Oils Epsom salts Colloidal oatmeal Dead Sea salts When you get out, pat your skin dry with a towel. Then put on an emollient ointment, cream, or oil.
system: If I have psoriasis, should I moisturize my skin at night to avoid cuts?
output: At bedtime, slather on some moisturizing ointment, like petroleum jelly. Other options include: Vitamin E Olive oil Shortening Then cover the area to lock in the moisture overnight. You can use plastic. Wear cotton gloves and socks to protect your hands and feet.
system: How can I seal a cut caused by my psoriasis?
output: Closing those gaps helps them heal faster. It also protects the wound by keeping out dirt, debris, and germs. Ways you can do it include: Liquid bandage: This over-the-counter product creates a thin plastic coating on the skin. It's waterproof and flexible. To apply it: Gently bring the edges of the crack or cut together. Spray, brush, or dab the liquid on top of the skin. It dries in less than a minute and lasts for up to a week. Because some of these products are made with alcohol, this might sting. Don't put it inside a wound, around the eyes, or on large areas of skin. Super glue: This household staple can fix psoriasis fissures, too. That's because its main ingredient is the same one found in many liquid bandages. It works in the same way: Carefully bring the edges of the cut or crack together, and dab it to the skin on top to create a seal. Adhesive bandage or tape: Watertight medical tape can seal cracks. It also keeps the wound moist, which helps it heal. For small cuts, you can also use the sticky part of a bandage. Put them across the wound. They can act as a bridge to hold the skin together.
system: If I have psoriasis, can my dry skin cause skin cracks?
output: When you have psoriasis, you have patches of thick red skin. This helps prevent infection. They can dry you out.
system: If I have psoriasis, can I apply medicated lotion on my skin cracks?
output: You're out and about when your skin splits. To help existing wounds heal -- and prevent new ones -- you need to can the inflammation that causes the swelling. The first line of treatment is a corticosteroid lotion, cream, or ointment. They're available over the counter or as a prescription in higher doses. Put it on once or twice a day. Don't use it for more than 3 weeks without your doctor's permission.
system: What are good aerobic exercises for women over 50?
output: Walking, jogging, swimming, and dance exercise are good ones to try. Aerobic exercise works the large muscles in your body, benefitting your cardiovascular system -- and your weight. Work up to getting 20 or more minutes per session, 3 or 4 days a week. Make sure you can pass the âtalk test,â which means exercising at a pace that lets you carry on a conversation.
system: What are the benefits of exercise for women over 50?
output: Physical activity may help tame some of the symptoms of menopause -- hot flashes, joint pain, and sleep problems. Exercise also lowers your risk of developing heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Plus, it helps control weight and melts belly fat.
system: What are good strength training exercises for women over 50?
output: Lifting hand weights improves your strength and posture, maintains bone strength, reduces the risk of lower back injury, and also helps you tone. Start with a hand weight that you can comfortably handle for eight repetitions. Gradually add more reps until you can complete 12.
system: How can women over 50 make exercise a part of their daily routine?
output: If you're too busy for a regular workout, look for other ways to be in motion. Research shows that all those extra steps you take during the day add up to big health benefits. Here are some ideas to get you on your feet: Adopt a dog and take it for walks every day. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Take it outside and make it a walking meeting. Walk briskly whenever you can.
system: Are tantrums related to type 1 diabetes?
output: Temper tantrums are common in toddlers. Always check your child's levels to make sure low blood sugar isn't what's causing him to act out.
system: What should I expect when my school-age child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes?
output: School- Aged Kids: If a school-age kid is just being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, it's normal for him to feel anxious and even depressed for a few weeks or months. Allow him time to come to terms with it, and help him get used to the new routine.
system: How can I manage my child's type 1 diabetes?
output: Infancy: If your child is diagnosed at this young of an age, you'll need the help of a primary care doctor, a dietitian, and a pediatric endocrinologist to help you manage it. They can give you feeding tips and teach you how to inject insulin and monitor blood glucose levels.
system: How can I manage my infant's type 1 diabetes?
output: Infancy: If your child is diagnosed at this young of an age, you'll need the help of a primary care doctor, a dietitian, and a pediatric endocrinologist to help you manage it. They can give you feeding tips and teach you how to inject insulin and monitor blood glucose levels.
system: How can I know if my baby with type 1 diabetes has low blood sugar?
output: Since babies aren't able to tell you how they're feeling, you'll need to be extra aware of the signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In infants, the early signs may include: crankiness, sleepiness, poor feeding, a more high-pitched cry than usual, and low body temperature.
system: Does my baby with type 1 diabetes need to wear an ID bracelet?
output: Everyone, even infants, with type 1 diabetes should wear an ID bracelet that lets people know about their condition.
system: When can my child with type 1 diabetes check their own blood glucose levels?
output: When the mood is right, you can begin teaching your child to care for his condition. As early as age 3, some kids are ready to start checking their own blood glucose levels. Some may even be able to help count carbohydrates at meals.
system: How can I best react to my child's type 1 diabetes?
output: But by showing your child confidence, you'll help him feel that his condition can be controlled. You don't want your child to feel diabetes makes him weak or limits him.
system: What should I expect about my adolescent child with type 1 diabetes?
output: Toddlers: Since young kids are often picky eaters, you'll need to talk to your child's doctor about his diet. Adolescents: Once kids turn 12, they're usually able to monitor their blood sugar without help. But since they're also becoming more independent of you and social with their friends, they may be less likely to do so. It's important for you to stay involved. As a child's body changes during puberty, the diabetes may become harder to control.
system: How can I encourage my child with type 1 diabetes when I am not around?
output: With time, he can take an active part in his own care. Regular exercise can help control blood sugar. Before field trips and sports activities, tell the adult in charge about your child's condition and how to care for him in case of an emergency. Make sure your child has permission to go to the bathroom, eat, and drink fluids as he needs. Before play dates, talk to the other child's parent and let her know about your child's condition. For peace of mind on sleepovers, pack twice the supplies your child needs. Have him check in with you during the evening to go over his levels and to let you know how he's feeling.
system: How can I lower the risk of cardiovascular disease for my child with type 1 diabetes?
output: Together you can decide whether to let your toddler graze on food throughout the day or stick to regular healthy meals and snacks. As early as age 3, some kids are ready to start checking their own blood glucose levels. But he still needs plenty of support. Regular exercise can help control blood sugar. It's important for you to stay involved.
system: Can pregnant women take ACE inhibitors?
output: ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure and cause kidney failure or high potassium levels in the blood of the mother. They can cause death or deformity in the newborn. It is recommended that babies not be breast fed if the mother is taking an ACE inhibitor, because the medicine can pass through breast milk.
system: What are ACE inhibitors?
output: Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors are high blood pressure drugs that widen or dilate the blood vessels to improve the amount of blood the heart pumps and to lower blood pressure. ACE inhibitors also increase blood flow, which helps to decrease the amount of work your heart has to do and can help protect your kidneys from the effects of hypertension and diabetes. ACE inhibitors are used to treat a number of heart-related conditions, including high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack, and preventing kidney damage associated with high blood pressure and diabetes.
system: What are some tips for taking ACE inhibitors?
output: Contact your doctor; do not treat the rash yourself. Therefore, people on ACE inhibitors should regularly have blood tests to measure potassium levels. Avoid over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications ( NSAIDs like Aleve and Motrin). Have your blood pressure and kidney function checked regularly, as advised by your doctor, while taking this drug. Never stop taking your medication, even if you feel that it is not working, without discussing it with your doctor first.
system: Can children take ACE inhibitors?
output: Women should not take ACE inhibitors during pregnancy, especially during their second and third trimesters. Thus, they are at higher risk of having severe side effects from the drug. Before giving this drug to children, parents are encouraged to discuss the potential benefits and risks with their pediatric cardiologist (heart doctor).
system: What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?
output: Sore throat, fever, mouth sores, unusual bruising, fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and swelling of feet, ankles and lower legs. High potassium levels.
system: What are the symptoms of depersonalization disorder?
output: The primary symptom of depersonalization disorder is a distorted perception of the body. The person might feel like he or she is a robot or in a dream. Some people might fear they are going crazy and might become depressed, anxious, or panicky. For some people, the symptoms are mild and last for just a short time. For others, however, symptoms can be chronic (ongoing) and last or recur for many years, leading to problems with daily functioning or even to disability.