laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is Parkinson's disease with dementia?
output: The symptoms include: Problems thinking clearly, making decisions, or paying attention Memory trouble Seeing things that aren't there, known as visual hallucinations Unusual sleepiness during the day Periods of "blanking out" or staring Problems with movement, including trembling, slowness, and trouble walking Dreams where you act out physically, including, talking, walking, and kicking People with the nervous system disorder Parkinson's disease get this type of dementia about 50% to 80% of the time. On average, the symptoms of dementia develop about 10 years after a person first gets Parkinson's. This type is very similar to DLB. They have the same symptoms, and people with both conditions have signs of Lewy bodies in their brains.
system: What is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
output: Your loved one might have: Memory and concentration problems Poor judgment Confusion Mood swings Depression Sleep problems Twitching or jerky muscles Trouble walking This type of dementia is caused by a buildup of fluid in the brain. The symptoms include problems walking, trouble thinking and concentrating, and personality and behavior changes. Some symptoms can be treated by draining the extra fluid from the brain into the abdomen through a long, thin tube, called a shunt.
system: What are other symptoms of vascular dementia?
output: Other symptoms may include: Memory problems that disrupt your loved one's daily life Trouble speaking or understanding speech Problems recognizing sights and sounds that used to be familiar Being confused or agitated Changes in personality and mood Problems walking and having frequent falls Lewy bodies are microscopic deposits of a protein that form in some people's brains.
system: What is dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)?
output: Other symptoms may include: Memory problems that disrupt your loved one's daily life Trouble speaking or understanding speech Problems recognizing sights and sounds that used to be familiar Being confused or agitated Changes in personality and mood Problems walking and having frequent falls Lewy bodies are microscopic deposits of a protein that form in some people's brains. They're named after the scientist who discovered them. If someone you know gets DLB, it's because these deposits have formed in the part of the brain called the cortex.
system: What is mixed dementia?
output: There are many different types of dementia. The most common combination is Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
system: What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
output: Your loved one might have: Memory and concentration problems Poor judgment Confusion Mood swings Depression Sleep problems Twitching or jerky muscles Trouble walking This type of dementia is caused by a buildup of fluid in the brain. It most commonly happens in people who are long-term heavy drinkers. The dementia symptom that's most common with this condition is a problem with memory. Usually a person's problem-solving and thinking skills aren't affected.
system: What are the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
output: It will get worse over time. Your friend or relative might: Be confused about where he is or what day or year it is Have problems speaking or writing Lose things and be unable to backtrack to find them Show poor judgment Have mood and personality changes If a relative or friend of yours gets this type of dementia, it's usually because he's had a major stroke, or one or more "silent" strokes, which can happen without him realizing it.
system: What is dementia?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dementia itself is not a disease, but a syndrome; its symptoms are common to several brain diseases. It will get worse over time. But medications might slow that decline and help with symptoms, such as behavior changes. There are many different types of dementia. Your loved one's treatments will depend on the type he has. The dementia symptom that's most common with this condition is a problem with memory.
system: Why is high blood pressure bad for you?
output: That added stress can raise your chances for a heart attack or stroke. Over time, problems in your arteries could cut back on blood flow. And since all of the tissues and organs in your body need blood to work well, that means things like your brain, your kidneys, your eyesight, and your sex life can be affected, too. By living with healthy habits and taking medication to get or keep your blood pressure down now, you may prevent long-term problems. Your heart is a muscle, and it needs blood, too. High blood pressure is a leading cause of stroke.
system: How can high blood pressure affect your eyes?
output: High blood pressure changes that. That's where fatty bits, called plaque, get caught and build up. This could lead to kidney failure. You could also lose your sight when your optic nerve doesn't get enough blood.
system: How can high blood pressure affect your brain?
output: Why is high blood pressure a big deal? Depending on what part of your brain loses blood and what it does, you could have problems with language, vision, movement, or anything else your brain controls. It could be temporary if the blood flow is restored, or the damage may be permanent if the cells die. A lessened blood supply to the brain can also keep you from thinking clearly and remembering. It can cause a condition called vascular dementia.
system: How can high blood pressure affect your arteries?
output: Over time, problems in your arteries could cut back on blood flow. High blood pressure changes that. The extra force of the blood can damage the cells on the inside walls of your arteries. If the pressure doesn't let up, it can cause tears in the lining so it's not smooth anymore. That's where fatty bits, called plaque, get caught and build up. Blood can't move as well around these clogs, which can even block arteries. These deposits can also make the walls stiff so it's harder to move the blood. This damage can make the artery wall stretch and bulge out like a balloon. The bump is called an aneurysm. It can break open and bleed. When its supply lines can't deliver enough, you could have: Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) Chest pain (angina) Heart attack To push blood through stiff or clogged arteries, your heart has to work harder.
system: How can high blood pressure affect your heart?
output: Over time, problems in your arteries could cut back on blood flow. Your heart is a muscle, and it needs blood, too. When its supply lines can't deliver enough, you could have: Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) Chest pain (angina) Heart attack To push blood through stiff or clogged arteries, your heart has to work harder. An overworked heart can become larger than normal. Then the walls of the heart muscle lose strength and can't pump blood well. This could lead to a heart attack or heart failure. The chances are greater if you already have heart problems.
system: What other tests might be needed in addition to an immunoglobulin test?
output: Depending on your results, the doctor might need to do other tests, such as a: Complete blood count ( CBC) Protein blood test Urine test to check for kidney problems If your immunoglobulin level is high, it might be caused by: Allergies Chronic infections An autoimmune disorder that makes your immune system overreact, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer, such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia Low levels of immunoglobulins mean your immune system isn't working as well as it should.
system: What is immunoglobulin M?
output: Immunoglobulin M: Your body makes Ig M antibodies when you are first infected with new bacteria or other germs. They are your body's first line of defense against infections. When your body senses an invader, your Ig M level will rise for a short time. It will then begin to drop as your Ig G level kicks in and increases to protect you long-term.
system: How can immunoglobulin test results vary?
output: This can be caused by: Medicines that weaken your immune system, such as steroids Diabetes complications Kidney disease or kidney failure A weakened immune system that you were born with or developed (as with HIV/ AIDS) Just because your immunoglobulin level is high or low doesn't mean you have one of these conditions. Each person's test can differ based on the method the lab uses to check the results. Talk to your doctor about your test results, and find out what you should do next.
system: What is immunoglobulin E?
output: Immunoglobulin E: Your body makes Ig E antibodies when it overreacts to substances that aren't harmful, such as pollen or pet dander. Your doctor will likely measure your Ig E levels if you have a blood test to check for allergies.
system: How is an immunoglobulin test done?
output: She may also order the test if you have: Diarrhea that doesn't go away Unexplained weight loss Fevers that can't be explained by another cause Skin rashes Allergies Sickness after traveling HIV/ AIDS or multiple myeloma (a type of cancer), or another condition that needs to be monitored Doctors often measure Ig A, Ig G, and Ig M together to get a snapshot of your immune function. A lab tech will usually take a sample of your blood by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. The blood collects into a tube or vial. Another way to do this test is with a sample of what's called cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF). CSF surrounds your brain and spinal cord. The doctor will take a sample of this fluid with a lumbar puncture (often called a âspinal tapâ). For this, you go to an outpatient facility or a hospital. A technician will give you a shot in your back to help numb any pain. You will likely lie on your side with your knees pulled up to your chest, or you sit on a table. The technician inserts a hollow needle between two vertebrae in your lower spine and removes a small amount of fluid so it can be tested.
system: Why might I need an immunoglobulin test?
output: Your doctor might order an immunoglobulin test if you get a lot of infections -- especially infections of the sinuses, lungs, stomach, or intestines. She may also order the test if you have: Diarrhea that doesn't go away Unexplained weight loss Fevers that can't be explained by another cause Skin rashes Allergies Sickness after traveling HIV/ AIDS or multiple myeloma (a type of cancer), or another condition that needs to be monitored Doctors often measure Ig A, Ig G, and Ig M together to get a snapshot of your immune function.
system: What does a high immunoglobulin level mean?
output: Depending on your results, the doctor might need to do other tests, such as a: Complete blood count ( CBC) Protein blood test Urine test to check for kidney problems If your immunoglobulin level is high, it might be caused by: Allergies Chronic infections An autoimmune disorder that makes your immune system overreact, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer, such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia Low levels of immunoglobulins mean your immune system isn't working as well as it should.
system: What does a low immunoglobulin level mean?
output: Depending on your results, the doctor might need to do other tests, such as a: Complete blood count ( CBC) Protein blood test Urine test to check for kidney problems If your immunoglobulin level is high, it might be caused by: Allergies Chronic infections An autoimmune disorder that makes your immune system overreact, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease Liver disease Inflammatory bowel disease Cancer, such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or leukemia Low levels of immunoglobulins mean your immune system isn't working as well as it should. This can be caused by: Medicines that weaken your immune system, such as steroids Diabetes complications Kidney disease or kidney failure A weakened immune system that you were born with or developed (as with HIV/ AIDS) Just because your immunoglobulin level is high or low doesn't mean you have one of these conditions.
system: What is immunoglobulin G?
output: Immunoglobulin G: Ig G is the most common type of antibody in your blood and other body fluids. These antibodies protect you against infection by "remembering" which germs you've been exposed to before. If those germs come back, your immune system knows to attack them. Your doctor can test for Ig G to figure out whether you've been infected by certain kinds of bacteria or virus.
system: What is immunoglobulin A?
output: Your body makes a few different types of immunoglobulin antibodies, including these: Immunoglobulin A: Ig A antibodies are found in the mucous membranes of the lungs, sinuses, stomach, and intestines. They're also in fluids these membranes produce, like saliva and tears, as well as in the blood.
system: What is an immunoglobulin test?
output: Some conditions cause your body to make too many or too few immunoglobulins. Having too few immunoglobulins in your blood gives you a greater chance of getting infections. Having too many could mean you have allergies or an overactive immune system. Your body makes a few different types of immunoglobulin antibodies, including these: Immunoglobulin A: Ig A antibodies are found in the mucous membranes of the lungs, sinuses, stomach, and intestines. Immunoglobulin M: Your body makes Ig M antibodies when you are first infected with new bacteria or other germs. This can be caused by: Medicines that weaken your immune system, such as steroids Diabetes complications Kidney disease or kidney failure A weakened immune system that you were born with or developed (as with HIV/ AIDS) Just because your immunoglobulin level is high or low doesn't mean you have one of these conditions.
system: How is a collapsed lung diagnosed?
output: Your doctor will probably start with a physical exam. They'll listen to your chest through a stethoscope as you breathe and tap your chest to find out if it sounds hollow. You might get an X-ray so your doctor can see the outline of your lung. If the doctor still isn't sure after these steps, you may have a CT scan, a series of X-rays that a computer turns into a detailed image of your lung.
system: How is a collapsed lung treated?
output: They treat a collapsed lung by getting rid of the pressure outside the lung so it can inflate again. In minor cases without symptoms, the lung can expand again on its own. You may need to breathe oxygen from a container for a short time to help. Even if your case is minor, it's important to have follow-up visits with your doctor so they can keep an eye on how you're doing. If the lung has collapsed further, the doctor may use a needle or tube to release the extra air from your chest. If the doctor uses a tube, it might have to stay attached for several hours or several days.
system: How does pleurodesis work in treating collapsed lung?
output: Cases involving lung disease, an accident, or repeated collapsed lungs may need surgery or pleurodesis. Pleurodesis is a procedure in which a doctor uses a needle and tube to get medicine like doxycycline into your chest. It triggers inflammation, which helps the lung stick to the chest wall and stay inflated.
system: How can cancer cause hip pain?
output: Tumors that start in the bone or that spread to the bone can cause pain in the hips, as well as in other bones of the body.
system: How can bursitis cause hip pain?
output: Bursae are sacs of liquid found between tissues such as bone, muscles, and tendons. They ease the friction from these tissues rubbing together. When bursae get inflamed, they can cause pain. Inflammation of bursae is usually due to repetitive activities that overwork or irritate the hip joint.
system: How can you relieve hip pain at home?
output: Try to rest the affected joint as much as possible until you feel better. You may also try heating the area. A warm bath or shower can help ready your muscle for stretching exercises that can lessen pain.
system: How can a hip labral tear cause hip pain?
output: This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint. Along with cushioning your hip joint, your labrum acts like a rubber seal or gasket to help hold the ball at the top of your thighbone securely within your hip socket. Athletes and people who perform repetitive twisting movements are at higher risk of developing this problem.
system: When should I call a doctor about hip pain?
output: Also call if you have hip pain at night or when you are resting. Get medical help right away if: The hip pain came on suddenly. A fall or other injury triggered the hip pain. Your joint looks deformed or is bleeding. You heard a popping noise in the joint when you injured it. The pain is intense. You can't put any weight on your hip. You can't move your leg or hip.
system: What are the symptoms of hip pain?
output: Depending on the condition that's causing your hip pain, you might feel the discomfort in your: Thigh Inside of the hip joint Groin Outside of the hip joint Buttocks Sometimes pain from other areas of the body, such as the back or groin (from a hernia), can radiate to the hip. You might notice that your pain gets worse with activity, especially if it's caused by arthritis. Along with the pain, you might have reduced range of motion. Some people develop a limp from persistent hip pain.
system: How can arthritis cause hip pain?
output: Arthritis leads to inflammation of the hip joint and the breakdown of the cartilage that cushions your hip bones. The pain gradually gets worse. People with arthritis also feel stiffness and have reduced range of motion in the hip. This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint.
system: How can you get hip pain?
output: Whenever you use the hip (for example, by going for a run), a cushion of cartilage helps prevent friction as the hip bone moves in its socket. Despite its durability, the hip joint isn't indestructible. With age and use, the cartilage can wear down or become damaged. Muscles and tendons in the hip can get overused. Bones in the hip can break during a fall or other injury. Any of these conditions can lead to hip pain. Hip labral tear. This is a rip in the ring of cartilage (called the labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of your hip joint.
system: How can muscle or tendon strain cause hip pain?
output: Muscles and tendons in the hip can get overused. When bursae get inflamed, they can cause pain.
system: Can medications prevent ocular migraines?
output: These often include: Stress Smoking High blood pressure Hormonal birth control pills Exercise Bending over High altitude Dehydration Low blood sugar Excessive heat Although dietary triggers - such as caffeine, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners -- can cause other types of migraines; they seem less likely to trigger ocular migraines. Medications can also prevent ocular migraines. Calcium-channel blockers, such as Cardene and Calan, are the most commonly used drugs. They work by opening up the blood vessels. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin are also sometimes used. Less often, your doctor may prescribe drugs used to prevent blood clotting, depression and epilepsy.
system: Are devices options for treating ocular migraines?
output: A device is also an option. Cefaly is a portable headband-like device used for preventing migraines. It gives electrical impulses on the skin at the forehead and stimulates a nerve associated with migraine headaches. Cefaly is used once a day for 20 minutes, and when it's on you'll likely feel a tingling or massaging sensation. Spring TM may be another option. You hold this device at the back of your head at the first sign of a headache, and it gives off a magnetic pulse that stimulates part of the brain. In addition, there is a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain.
system: What does Z score mean in bone mineral density test?
output: Here's what the T score means: â -1 and above: Your bone density is normal â -1 to -2.5: Your bone density is low, and it may lead to osteoporosis â -2.5 and above: You have osteoporosis Z score: This allows you to compare how much bone mass you have compared with other people of your age, gender, and size. A Z score below -2.0 means that you have less bone mass than someone your age and that it could be caused by something other than aging.
system: Who should get a bone mineral density test?
output: She may recommend it if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteoporosis You're a man 50 or older with other risk factors You break a bone after 50 You've lost more than 1.5 inches of your adult height Your posture has gotten more hunched You're having back pain without any cause Your periods have stopped or are irregular although you're neither pregnant nor menopausal You've gotten an organ transplant You've had a drop in hormone levels Some types of prescription drugs can cause bone loss.
system: How can you prepare for bone mineral density test?
output: She may recommend it if you meet any of the following: You're a woman 65 or older You're a postmenopausal woman 50 or older You're a woman at the age of menopause and have a high chance for breaking bones You're a woman who has already been through menopause, younger than 65, and have other things that give you a higher chance of osteoporosis You're a man 50 or older with other risk factors You break a bone after 50 You've lost more than 1.5 inches of your adult height Your posture has gotten more hunched You're having back pain without any cause Your periods have stopped or are irregular although you're neither pregnant nor menopausal You've gotten an organ transplant You've had a drop in hormone levels Some types of prescription drugs can cause bone loss. Don't take calcium supplements for 24 hours before the exam. The contrast dye could interfere with your bone density test. Avoid wearing clothes with metal zippers, belts, or buttons.
system: What type of bone mineral density test is central dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)?
output: They are: Central DXA: This test looks at your spine and hip bones. It tends to be more accurate. They are also used for larger people who cannot get the central DXA because of weight limits.
system: How does the bone mineral density test work?
output: The X-rays measure how much calcium and minerals are in a part of your bone. The more minerals you have, the better. That means your bones are stronger, denser, and less likely to break. The lower your mineral content, the greater your chance of breaking a bone in a fall. Based on how much the X-rays change after passing through your bones, it comes up with an image of your skeleton. Here's what the T score means: â -1 and above: Your bone density is normal â -1 to -2.5: Your bone density is low, and it may lead to osteoporosis â -2.5 and above: You have osteoporosis Z score: This allows you to compare how much bone mass you have compared with other people of your age, gender, and size.
system: What are bedsores?
output: Bedsores: Bedsores (also known as pressure ulcers) are skin ulcers that develop from pressure when people lie in bed or sit in a chair for long periods of time. Bedsores are a fairly common problem in people who have trouble moving on their own. People with diabetes are more prone to bedsores because of their poor circulation and decreased feeling in their skin. Frequent rotation or re-positioning helps to prevent bedsores.