laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Which medical problems could be affecting your weight?
output: Medical conditions make it tougher to slim down. Some things that could be causing your weight problems are: Eating disorders like bulimia Heart disease Hormonal disorders Sleep disorders like sleep apnea Some medicines can also deal a blow to your efforts to drop some pounds. For instance, you might have trouble losing weight if you take drugs for: Allergies Birth control Depression Diabetes Epilepsy High blood pressure Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia If you have one of these conditions and weight is a problem for you, talk to your doctor. He may be able to change your medications.
system: Can your gender affect how you lose weight?
output: It could make a difference in how you lose weight. A recent study suggests it's easier for men to drop pounds quickly. But women tend to have more success with long-term efforts. Where you lose weight can also differ. Guys lose belly fat first, but that area can be tougher for the ladies.
system: Could your genes play a role in how you lose weight?
output: Some bodies are simply better at burning fat than others. It's something you inherit from your parents or grandparents. You don't have any control over the genes that were passed to you, so you may need to work a little harder to burn calories and lose weight.
system: How can your thyroid affect how you lose weight?
output: If it's underactive, you may have a condition called hypothyroidism. It can lead to weight gain from a buildup of salt and water in your body. An overactive thyroid is called hyperthyroidism. Many people with it lose weight, but others pick up extra pounds because it can make you feel hungrier. How your thyroid affects your metabolism, energy, and weight is complicated. Other hormones, proteins, and chemicals may also play a role. Check with your doctor if you think it's a problem.
system: Does the rate of burning calories affect how you lose weight?
output: Try cottage cheese with fruit, eggs with whole-wheat toast, or Greek yogurt with a banana. Other things that can affect how you burn calories: Getting older. Your metabolism slows down about 2%-8% every decade. That may be from decreased muscle mass. Eating too little. It sounds strange, but the truth is, if you skip meals or follow a very low-calorie diet, it can backfire by making you burn calories more slowly. Lift weights to boost your lean muscle mass. Your metabolism may slow and you won't burn calories as fast as you'd like. How your thyroid affects your metabolism, energy, and weight is complicated.
system: Does eating too close to bedtime affect how you lose weight?
output: Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to sleep. Be careful about snacking after supper. You take in more calories than you realize when you nibble while you watch TV or use the computer. You may also be tempted to eat unhealthy foods like ice cream or potato chips. That makes it harder to exercise. For instance, you might have trouble losing weight if you take drugs for: Allergies Birth control Depression Diabetes Epilepsy High blood pressure Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia If you have one of these conditions and weight is a problem for you, talk to your doctor.
system: How does sleep affect how you lose weight?
output: It could make a difference in how you lose weight. Your metabolism may slow and you won't burn calories as fast as you'd like. You may also have less energy when you don't get enough sleep. That makes it harder to exercise. When you're tired, you're more likely to make poor diet choices, like choosing sweets over fruit. In a recent study, people who didn't get enough sleep ate about 300 more calories per day than those who got more rest.
system: Does being stressed out affect how you lose weight?
output: It could be. It can make you reach for high-calorie, high-fat foods. Your body also tends to store more fat when you're stressed out. To reduce stress, try exercise or meditation.
system: What are pigmented birthmarks?
output: It's important to remember that although most birthmarks are noncancerous, a doctor should examine your child if he or she is born with abnormally colored skin or develops birthmarks shortly after birth. Certain birthmarks described below can pose health risks. Most pigmented birthmarks will be flat and smooth and may range in color from white to tan to blue. There are several types of pigmented birthmarks, including Mongolian spots -- bruised or bluish in color, typically appearing on the buttocks or lower back; cafe-au-lait spots -- light brown; and typical moles that appear at birth, which are also called congenital nevi. Moles should be monitored for color, shape, or size changes, and/or itching or bleeding.
system: What cosmetic procedures are used to treat port-wine stains?
output: Port-wine stains are caused by abnormal development of blood vessels (capillaries) and last a lifetime. Doctors have tried many ways to treat port-wine stains, including radiation, tattooing, freezing, dermabrasion, or sclerotherapy. Laser treatment is the preferred treatment because it is the only method that destroys capillaries in the skin without causing damage to the rest of the skin.
system: What are the types of counseling that can help with Parkinson's disease?
output: Parkinson's disease, as with many chronic illnesses, will affect you both physically and mentally. Who will be included in your treatment (you alone, family members, others with similar problems). The following list briefly describes common types of counseling. Crisis intervention counseling. This is where you meet one-on-one with a counselor. If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or grief in dealing with your Parkinson's this type of counseling may be appropriate. Family therapy. Group therapy. In group therapy, you join a group to discuss problems together. Residential treatment. These groups usually meet regularly without a therapist or counselor.
system: How serious is fluoride toxicity?
output: If a child ingests a large amount of fluoride in a short period of time, it may cause symptoms such as: Nausea Diarrhea Vomiting Abdominal pain Although fluoride toxicity usually doesn't have serious consequences, it sends several hundred children to emergency rooms each year. It's also important to monitor your child's use of fluoridated toothpaste. Only place a pea-sized amount of toothpaste on your child's toothbrush. That is sufficient for fluoride protection. Also teach your child to spit out the toothpaste after brushing instead of swallowing it. To encourage spitting, avoid toothpastes containing flavors that children may be likely to swallow.
system: What is fluorosis?
output: It's caused by overexposure to fluoride during the first eight years of life. This is the time when most permanent teeth are being formed. After the teeth come in, the teeth of those affected by fluorosis may appear mildly discolored. For instance, there may be lacy white markings that only dentists can detect. In more severe cases, however, the teeth may have: Stains ranging from yellow to dark brown Surface irregularities Pits that are highly noticeable Fluorosis first attracted attention in the early 20th Century.
system: What are the symptoms of fluorosis?
output: Symptoms of fluorosis range from tiny white specks or streaks that may be unnoticeable to dark brown stains and rough, pitted enamel that is difficult to clean. Teeth that are unaffected by fluorosis are smooth and glossy. They should also be a pale creamy white. Contact your dentist if you notice that your child's teeth have white streaks or spots or if you observe one or more discolored teeth.
system: What techniques are used to treat fluorosis?
output: Such techniques may include: Tooth whitening and other procedures to remove surface stains; note that bleaching teeth may temporarily worsen the appearance of fluorosis. Bonding, which coats the tooth with a hard resin that bonds to the enamel Crowns Veneers, which are custom-made shells that cover the front of the teeth to improve their appearance; these are used in cases of severe fluorosis. MI Paste, a calcium phosphate product that is sometimes combined with methods like microabrasion to minimize tooth discoloration Parental vigilance is the key to preventing fluorosis.
system: What is key in preventing fluorosis?
output: MI Paste, a calcium phosphate product that is sometimes combined with methods like microabrasion to minimize tooth discoloration Parental vigilance is the key to preventing fluorosis. If your water comes from a public system, your doctor or dentist -- as well as your local water authority or public health department -- can tell you how much fluoride is in it. If you rely on well water or bottled water, your public health department or a local laboratory can analyze its fluoride content. Once you know how much fluoride your child is getting from drinking water and other sources such as fruit juices and soft drinks, you can work with your dentist to decide whether or not your child should have a fluoride supplement.
system: What causes fluorosis?
output: A major cause of fluorosis is the inappropriate use of fluoride-containing dental products such as toothpaste and mouth rinses. Sometimes, children enjoy the taste of fluoridated toothpaste so much that they swallow it instead of spitting it out. But there are other causes of fluorosis. For example, taking a higher-than-prescribed amount of a fluoride supplement during early childhood can cause it. So can taking a fluoride supplement when fluoridated drinking water or fluoride-fortified fruit juices and soft drinks already provide the right amount.
system: What are the fluoride levels in drinking water?
output: This was fluoride that occurred naturally in the ground water. Natural fluoride levels above the currently recommended range for drinking water may increase the risk for severe fluorosis. In communities where natural levels exceed 2 parts per million, the CDC recommends that parents give children water from other sources. Prompted by concerns that children may be getting too much fluoride, the Health and Human Services Department in January 2011 lowered its recommended level of fluoride in drinking water. And the Environmental Protection Agency is reviewing its rules on the upper limit of fluoride levels in drinking water.
system: How can you tell if your child got a lot of fluoride in a short period of time?
output: A major cause of fluorosis is the inappropriate use of fluoride-containing dental products such as toothpaste and mouth rinses. If a child ingests a large amount of fluoride in a short period of time, it may cause symptoms such as: Nausea Diarrhea Vomiting Abdominal pain Although fluoride toxicity usually doesn't have serious consequences, it sends several hundred children to emergency rooms each year.
system: How common is fluorosis?
output: In more severe cases, however, the teeth may have: Stains ranging from yellow to dark brown Surface irregularities Pits that are highly noticeable Fluorosis first attracted attention in the early 20th Century. Researchers were surprised by the high prevalence of what was called â Colorado Brown Stainâ on the teeth of native-born residents of Colorado Springs. The stains were caused by high levels of fluoride in the local water supply. This was fluoride that occurred naturally in the ground water. People with these stains also had an unusually high resistance to dental cavities. This sparked a movement to introduce fluoride into public water supplies at a level that could prevent cavities but without causing fluorosis. Fluorosis affects nearly one in every four Americans ages 6 to 49. It's most prevalent in those ages 12 to 15. The vast majority of cases are mild, and only about 2% are considered âmoderate.â Less than 1% are âsevere.â But researchers have also observed that since the mid-1980s, the prevalence of fluorosis in children ages 12 to 15 has increased. Although fluorosis is not a disease, its effects can be psychologically distressing and difficult to treat. Parental vigilance can play an important role in preventing fluorosis. Severe.
system: What is PSA velocity?
output: Several studies indicate that when PSA levels increase sharply in the months before surgery, the cancer is likely to be aggressive.
system: What is localized prostate cancer?
output: At this stage, the tumor is confined to the prostate.
system: What is the future for predicting prostate cancer?
output: Researchers are seeking more accurate ways of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating prostate cancer. Many of the studies focus on genes and genetic abnormalities of a cancer. Scientists have found that the product of a certain gene appears more often in advanced prostate cancers than in early stage prostate cancers. Now the goal is to determine if the presence of this gene product means that a cancer is more aggressive. Knowing this information can help doctors decide which patients may benefit from immediate treatment, and of what type. This and other genetic research will pave the way for earlier, more accurate predictors of cancer growth.
system: How do doctors assess advanced prostate cancer?
output: If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, your doctor will probably evaluate several factors to determine how aggressive it is. These "markers" identify whether the cancer is low risk, intermediate risk, or high risk. Low-risk prostate cancer is slow growing and not likely to spread quickly. High-risk prostate cancer is aggressive, meaning it is likely to spread quickly outside the prostate. Understanding the risk level of your cancer will help your doctor decide on the treatment that's right for you. Your doctor will look at key "markers" for aggressive cancer, as well as the "stage" of your specific cancer.
system: What are prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels for prostate cancer?
output: PSA is a substance produced by the prostate gland. It is normal to secrete small amounts of PSA into the bloodstream. Larger amounts of PSA in the bloodstream usually signal that the prostate gland is enlarged, infected, or malignant. PSA levels are determined by a simple blood test. The higher the number, the more likely the patient is to have prostate cancer.
system: How do computerized tomography (CT) scans predict prostate cancer?
output: CT scans make computerized X-ray images that produce cross-sectional images of the body. These detailed images can reveal disease or abnormalities in tissue and bone.
system: How do bone scans predict prostate cancer?
output: Imaging techniques currently used include: Bone scans create images of bones on a computer screen or film. The patient is injected with a small amount of radioactive material that travels through the bloodstream. The computer screen detects radioactive material that has collected in abnormal areas of the bone.
system: What is metastatic prostate cancer?
output: The tumor has spread to the distant lymph nodes or more distant parts of the body.
system: What is regional prostate cancer?
output: The tumor has grown through the prostate capsule, either into the seminal vesicles (a pair of glands next to the prostate) or into nearby muscles and organs.
system: How do doctors monitor prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels for prostate cancer?
output: If you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, your doctor will probably evaluate several factors to determine how aggressive it is. PSA continues to be the primary marker of how the disease is progressing or responding to treatment. Several recent studies indicate that PSA doubling time -- the time it takes for a patient's PSA level to double -- predicts how aggressive the cancer is. The faster the PSA level doubles, the more aggressive the cancer.
system: Should my insulin intake change throughout the day?
output: Your body can also be more sensitive to insulin changes throughout the day. Stress or how much you exercise also has an impact. It's important to work out a plan with your doctor for how to change your treatment if you need to.
system: How can I use nutrition levels to control my carb intake if I have diabetes?
output: Look at labels. They make counting carbs easy. Find the " Total Carbohydrate" number listed on a package's " Nutrition Facts" panel. Then, check the serving size and confirm the amount you can eat. Repeat this step with other foods you plan to eat. When you add all the grams of carbs, the total should stay within your meal budget.
system: Are there different kinds of carbs?
output: It's a lot more than just pasta and bread. All starchy foods, sugars, fruit, milk, and yogurt are rich in carbs, too. Make sure you count them all, not just the obvious ones. You'll need to know your "insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio," or the number of carbs one unit of insulin will cover.
system: Should I pay attention to my carb intake if I have diabetes?
output: If you have diabetes, keep track of how many you eat with a few simple tricks. Your doses may change, depending on the amount of carbs you ate at a meal and the difference between your target blood sugar level and your actual reading.
system: If I carb count, can I eat whatever I want if I have diabetes?
output: All starchy foods, sugars, fruit, milk, and yogurt are rich in carbs, too. Make sure you count them all, not just the obvious ones. Measuring cups and a food scale when you eat at home will help you be accurate. Make healthy choices.
system: How can I maintain the correct amount of carb intake per meal if I have diabetes?
output: Most adults with diabetes aim for 45-60 grams of carbs per meal and 15-20 grams per snack. That number may go up or down, depending on how active you are and the medicines you take, so check with your doctor or a registered dietitian. Your doses may change, depending on the amount of carbs you ate at a meal and the difference between your target blood sugar level and your actual reading.
system: What other blood tests are used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Electrolytes (sodium, potassium), protein, and markers of inflammation, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) and C-reactive protein ( CRP), may be drawn to look at disease severity. Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p ANCA) levels may be up in ulcerative colitis. In addition, specific tests for sexually transmitted diseases may be done.
system: What causes inflammatory bowel disease?
output: IBD is a disease with an unknown cause. Some agent or a combination of agents -- bacteria, viruses, antigens -- triggers the body's immune system to produce an inflammatory reaction in the intestinal tract. Recent studies show some combination of hereditary, genetic, and/or environmental factors may cause the development of IBD. It could also be that the body's own tissue causes an autoimmune response. Whatever causes it, the reaction continues without control and damages the intestinal wall, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain.
system: How is an upper endoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: If you have upper GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, a doctor will use an endoscope, a narrow, flexible tube with a camera and light, that will be inserted through the mouth -- to examine your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, which is the first part of your small intestine. Ulceration occurs in the stomach and duodenum in up to one out of every 10 people with Crohn's disease.
system: How can support groups help with inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Participating in a support group puts you in contact with others who know exactly the effect IBD has on your day-to-day life, because they are going through the same things you are. They can offer support and tips on how to deal with symptoms and the effect they have on you.
system: Are there complications associated with inflammatory bowel disease?
output: They include: Abdominal cramps and pain Diarrhea that may be bloody Severe urgency to have a bowel movement Fever Weight loss Loss of appetite Iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss IBD can lead to several serious complications in the intestines, including: Profuse intestinal bleeding from the ulcers Perforation, or rupture of the bowel Narrowing - called a stricture -- and obstruction of the bowel; found in Crohn's Fistulae (abnormal passages) and perianal disease, disease in the tissue around the anus; these conditions are more common in Crohn's than in ulcerative colitis. Toxic megacolon, which is an extreme dilation of the colon that is life-threatening; this is associated more with ulcerative colitis than Crohn's. Malnutrition IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis, also increases the risk of colon cancer. IBD can also affect other organs; for example, someone with IBD may have arthritis, skin conditions, inflammation of the eye, liver and kidney disorders, or bone loss.
system: How can a specific diet help with inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Treatment for IBD involves a combination of self-care and medical treatment. Self-care Although no specific diet has been shown to prevent or treat IBD, dietary changes may be helpful in managing your symptoms. It's important to talk with your doctor about ways to modify your diet while making sure you get the nutrients you need. For instance, depending on your symptoms, the doctor may suggest that you reduce the amount of fiber or dairy products that you consume. Also, small, frequent meals may be better tolerated. In general, there is no need to avoid certain foods unless they cause or worsen your symptoms. One dietary intervention your doctor may recommend is a low-residue diet, a very restricted diet that reduces the amount of fiber and other undigested material that pass through your colon. Doing so can help relieve symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain. If you do go on a low-residue diet, be sure you understand how long you should stay on the diet, because a low-residue diet doesn't provide all the nutrients you need. Your doctor may recommend that you take vitamin supplements.
system: What other radiologic tests are used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Computed tomography ( CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), and ultrasound have also been used in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
system: What are the major types of inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Two major types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon or large intestine. Crohn's disease, on the other hand, can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Most commonly, though, it affects the last part of the small intestine or the colon or both.
system: When is surgery needed to treat inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Surgical treatment for IBD depends upon the disease. Ulcerative colitis, for instance, can be cured with surgery, because the disease is limited to the colon. Once the colon is removed, the disease doesn't come back. However, surgery will not cure Crohn's disease, although some surgeries may be used. Excessive surgery in people with Crohn's disease can actually lead to more problems.
system: How is a stool exam used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: In addition, the stool will be examined for traces of blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
system: What are the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease?
output: As with other chronic diseases, a person with IBD will generally go through periods in which the disease flares up and causes symptoms, followed by periods in which symptoms decrease or disappear and good health returns. Symptoms range from mild to severe and generally depend upon what part of the intestinal tract is involved. They include: Abdominal cramps and pain Diarrhea that may be bloody Severe urgency to have a bowel movement Fever Weight loss Loss of appetite Iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss IBD can lead to several serious complications in the intestines, including: Profuse intestinal bleeding from the ulcers Perforation, or rupture of the bowel Narrowing - called a stricture -- and obstruction of the bowel; found in Crohn's Fistulae (abnormal passages) and perianal disease, disease in the tissue around the anus; these conditions are more common in Crohn's than in ulcerative colitis.