laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How many calories should come from carbs vs. protein if I have gestational diabetes?
output: Get 40% of your daily calories from carbs and 20% from protein.
system: How much fat can I have per day if I have gestational diabetes?
output: Limit your total fat to less than 40% of your daily calories. Saturated fat should be less than 10% of all the fat you eat. Eat a variety of foods to make sure you get enough vitamins and minerals. You may need to take a supplement to cover your bases. Ask your doctor if they think you should take one.
system: How can I manage morning sickness if I have gestational diabetes?
output: When you have gestational diabetes, you'll have to pay attention to what you eat and when. Foods such as whole-grain breads, cereals, and pasta, brown or wild rice, oatmeal, and vegetables and fruits will help get you there. Eat a variety of foods to make sure you get enough vitamins and minerals. If you take insulin, make sure you've got a plan to deal with low blood sugar.
system: What are the symptoms of clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
output: If you have C. diff, your diarrhea will have a very strong odor. In more serious infections, there may be blood in the stool. Other symptoms of a serious infection include: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day Severe cramping Fever Nausea Loss of appetite/weight loss Dehydration Rapid heart rate It's fairly common to have mild diarrhea when starting an antibiotic. It may be caused by a mild C. diff infection. But if you have diarrhea three or more times a day and symptoms last for at least 2 days, you should see a doctor right away.
system: How can I prevent clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
output: If you're in a hospital or long-term health care facility, you can do several things to protect yourself against from C. diff. For example: Ask your health care provider to wash his or her hands thoroughly before and after caring for you. Request that all medical equipment be sanitized before being brought into your room. Wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before eating. Also, if your doctor prescribes an antibiotic for any reason, ask if it's really necessary. Talk to your doctor about other treatment options. Don't take antibiotics without a doctor's OK. Many C. diff infections are mild and short-lived, but others can be quite serious. Take precautions, and don't hesitate to seek medical help if you have symptoms.
system: How do I know if I have a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
output: They include: Enzyme immunoassay Polymerase chain reaction GDH/ EIA Cell cytotoxicity assay If your doctor suspects serious problems with your colon, he might order X-rays or a CT scan of your intestines.
system: How do you get a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } C. diff bacteria actually exists all around us. It's in the air, water, soil, and in the feces of humans and animals. Many people have the bacteria in their intestines and never have any symptoms. The bacteria is often spread in health care facilities, like hospitals or nursing homes, where workers are more likely to come into contact with it, and then with patients or residents. You can also become infected if you touch clothing, sheets, or other surfaces that have come in contact with feces and then touch your mouth or nose.
system: What is clostridium difficile (C. diff)?
output: But for some people, these drugs can trigger a potentially life-threatening infection caused by a type of bacteria called clostridium difficile, or C. diff. It can cause colitis, a serious inflammation of the colon.
system: Whoâs at risk for a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection?
output: The bacteria is often spread in health care facilities, like hospitals or nursing homes, where workers are more likely to come into contact with it, and then with patients or residents. That's because the human body contains thousands of different types of bacteria -- some good, some bad. If the antibiotics kill enough healthy bacteria, the ones that cause C. diff could grow unchecked and make you sick. An increasing number of younger people also develop C. diff infections, even without taking antibiotics or being in a hospital. Failure to wash your hands thoroughly after being exposed to the bacteria can lead to infection. You also have higher odds of getting C. diff if you're dealing with a condition such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or a weakened immune system caused by cancer treatment or another health problem.
system: What problems can a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection cause?
output: If you have C. diff, your diarrhea will have a very strong odor. A C. diff infection also can lead to toxic megacolon or bowel perforation, though these rarely happen. With toxic megacolon, your colon dilates and can't release gas or stool. This could cause it to swell and rupture. Without emergency surgery, you could die. Bowel perforation is a hole in your large intestines that allows dangerous bacteria to escape. It can lead to a dangerous infection called peritonitis.
system: How does psychotherapy treat depression?
output: In addition to the help and support you get from your therapist and/or doctor, there are a few things you can do on your own that will help you feel better: Stay physically active.
system: How do antidepressants treat depression?
output: Antidepressants work by affecting brain chemicals called neurotransmitters and nerve cell pathways or circuits in the brain that regulate mood. Antidepressants effectively treat depression in many people who take them. However, they can take four to six weeks to notice an effect, so it's important to be patient. Antidepressants sometimes can also have side effects, including weight gain and sexual problems. It may take some time to find the right medication that works best for you with the fewest side effects.
system: What are the treatments for depression?
output: Depression treatment involves either antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or both. People with mild to moderate depression can benefit from therapy alone. Aerobic exercise is also sometimes recommended as an effective treatment for mild to moderate forms of depression. People with more severe depression usually do better with medication and therapy. Note that once you start treatment, you may notice improvements in symptoms such as sleep or appetite before you begin to feel less depressed.
system: Why should I consider treatment for my depression?
output: Yet depression can also be sneaky, disguised in symptoms that can be hard to identify. Here are two good reasons why you should consider depression treatment: Treatment works. Even people with severe depression can find relief, and so can you. Early treatment is better. As with many other health problems, getting treatment early on can ease symptoms more quickly. If you wait to get help, your depression can become more severe and harder to treat.
system: What are common symptoms of depression?
output: Common symptoms of depression include feeling sad, hopeless, empty, or having lost interest in the things that previously gave you pleasure. But other, less obvious symptoms also may signal depression, including: Anger, irritability, and impatience. Anxiety. Crying spells, crying over nothing at all, or crying about small things that normally wouldn't bother you may be signs of depression. Inability to concentrate. If you have aches and pains that don't respond to treatment, including joint pain, back pain, limb pain, or stomach pain, they could be signs of depression. Substance abuse and depression often go hand in hand. Appetite changes. Sleep helps us heal from many health problems, including depression.
system: What are things I can do on my own to help treat depression?
output: Or you may sleep too much and find it hard to get up in the morning. There are many people willing to help you overcome depression, but the first step you have to take on your own is to let someone know how you are feeling. Exercise helps boost your mood, and research has shown that it may also help ease depression. Get a good night's sleep. Spending time with supportive friends or family will make you feel better -- even if you don't feel like it will.
system: What are signs of "chemo brain"?
output: Chemo brain can start during or after your treatment for cancer. The symptoms may disappear quickly after your chemotherapy ends, or they may linger for months. You may notice things like these happening to you: Forget things that you usually remember, like names, dates, and common words Feel "spaced out" or can't concentrate Find it hard to do more than one thing at a time Take longer than usual to do things, or feel like you're slow and disorganized Misplace objects Doctors don't fully understand why you get chemo brain.
system: What are foods with high levels of phenylalanine (Phe) that you need to avoid if you have phenylketonuria?
output: These include: Dairy Eggs Meat, poultry, and fish Nuts Beans Foods or drinks with the artificial sweetener aspartame Since your child's diet is limited, she'll need to drink a special formula that contains protein (minus the Phe) and other nutrients she needs.
system: What does the phenylketonuria (PKU) test result mean?
output: The test measures the amount of Phe in your baby's blood. A normal level is less than 2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L). More than 4 mg/d L is considered high. Even if your baby's results aren't in that range, it doesn't necessarily mean she has PKU. It means she needs more tests to find out for sure.
system: What does it mean when spots and objects bounce around in my vision?
output: What it could be: Floaters. They appear when the fluid inside your eye starts to break down with age. Most of the time, they're annoying but harmless. What to do about it: If you start to see new floaters all of a sudden, or their number starts to increase -- and especially if they occur with flashes of light -- see your eye doctor. Sometimes, the floaters can be a sign of a retinal tear, which can turn into a retinal detachment if you don't get it treated. This is an emergency, because it can lead to permanent vision loss.
system: When do people need eye exams?
output: Go every 1 to 3 years between 55 and 65 and then yearly after that. Visit more often: If you have a condition like diabetes or high blood pressure When you start to have age-related eye problems, typically around age 40 The doctor can keep an eye on your eye health and check for any vision changes.
system: What can you do if you have diabetes and your eyesight changes from day to day?
output: What to do: See your doctor for a checkup, even if you don't think you have diabetes. You can have it and not know it.
system: What can you do if there's a film over everything you see?
output: What to do about it: Until the cataract causes severe vision problems, you can increase lighting and change your eyeglass prescription to help you see more clearly. Once the haze gets bad, talk to your doctor about surgery to remove the clouded lens and replace it with an artificial one.
system: What can you do if you have spots and objects bounce around in your vision?
output: What to do about it: If you start to see new floaters all of a sudden, or their number starts to increase -- and especially if they occur with flashes of light -- see your eye doctor. Sometimes, the floaters can be a sign of a retinal tear, which can turn into a retinal detachment if you don't get it treated. This is an emergency, because it can lead to permanent vision loss.
system: When do you need eye exams?
output: If you're 40 and have vision issues, you should see an ophthalmologist or optometrist every 2 to 4 years. Go every 1 to 3 years between 55 and 65 and then yearly after that. Visit more often: If you have a condition like diabetes or high blood pressure When you start to have age-related eye problems, typically around age 40 The doctor can keep an eye on your eye health and check for any vision changes.
system: What does it mean if you have spots and objects bounce around in your vision?
output: What it could be: Floaters. They appear when the fluid inside your eye starts to break down with age. Most of the time, they're annoying but harmless.
system: What can you do if your vision is fine, but you're over 60 and have a family history of glaucoma?
output: What to do about it: See your doctor for an eye exam that includes a glaucoma test. If you have glaucoma, eye drop medication and surgery can stop the worst side effects.
system: What does it mean when I have a crazy headache that started with wavy vision and flashes of light?
output: What it could be: A migraine. They don't just make your head hurt. They also can create a light show of auras and flashes in your vision. You might even briefly lose sight from certain types of migraines. What to do about it: If this is a new problem for you, call your doctor. If you've already been diagnosed with migraines, learn what triggers them. That way, you can stay away from those things and avoid the headaches. Medicine can prevent a migraine or stop one in its tracks. If you lose sight with your migraines, call your eye doctor right away -- it could be a sign of a more serious vision problem.
system: What does it mean when I have to hold books and newspapers father away to read them?
output: They're usually subtle at first, often start in middle age, and can include these problems: What it could be: Presbyopia, or the inability to focus up close. It's one of the most common vision problems in middle age. As you get older, your eye lenses get less flexible. A stiff lens can't focus clearly. What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. You might need glasses or contacts.
system: What does it mean when you have to hold books and newspapers farther away to read them?
output: It's one of the most common vision problems in middle age. As you get older, your eye lenses get less flexible. A stiff lens can't focus clearly.
system: What can treat presbyopia?
output: You can get glasses with and without a prescription. You can use them for close-up viewing, like when you read a menu or book or work on a computer. If you need help with both near and far vision, bifocals can fix close-up and distant focus. Progressive lenses or trifocals can also help you see both near and far. Contact lenses can help correct presbyopia without reading glasses. Some doctors suggest a contact for near vision in one eye and for distance vision in the other eye. The FDA has approved a surgical implant called the KAMRA inlay and one called Raindrop to help improve near vision. These may help well selected candidates looking for an alternative to dependence on reading glasses. Laser eye surgery or contact lenses can make the problem worse. See your eye doctor if these products don't help.
system: What can you do if it's harder to read than it used to?
output: What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. You might need glasses or contacts. You can get glasses with and without a prescription. The FDA has approved a surgical implant called the KAMRA inlay and one called Raindrop to help improve near vision. These may help well selected candidates looking for an alternative to dependence on reading glasses. Laser eye surgery or contact lenses can make the problem worse. See your eye doctor if these products don't help.
system: What does it mean when you have a fierce headache that started with wavy vision and flashes of light?
output: You don't need a prescription. They also can create a light show of auras and flashes in your vision. You might even briefly lose sight from certain types of migraines. What it could be: Floaters.
system: What does it mean if you have diabetes and your eyesight changes from day to day?
output: What it could be: Your blood sugar rises and falls through the day. They can leak and affect your vision.
system: What does it mean if there's a film over everything you see?
output: As you get older, it's normal for your eye's lens to get cloudy as protein inside it starts to clump together. Cataracts can also create a halo around lights at night and make your eyes more sensitive to glare, even during daytime. What it could be: Floaters.
system: What should you know about vision changes?
output: They're usually subtle at first, often start in middle age, and can include these problems: What it could be: Presbyopia, or the inability to focus up close. There are other options, and your doctor can check if your dry eyes are a symptom of a bigger problem.
system: What can you do if your eyes feel dry and irritated all the time?
output: What to do: If it's harder to read than it used to be, make an appointment for an eye exam. If your dryness is mild, get some artificial tears at the drugstore. You don't need a prescription. See your eye doctor if these products don't help. There are other options, and your doctor can check if your dry eyes are a symptom of a bigger problem.
system: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?
output: Your baby may be starting to sit up alone by six months. To get ready, babies first prop themselves up with their hands, but over time they can start to let go and sit unsupported. Your 6-month-old can probably roll from his back to his stomach and vice versa. Some babies can propel themselves around the floor using this rolling method. Or, they may creep forward or backward -- sliding around on their tummies while pushing against the floor. You may notice your baby rise up on hands and knees and rock back and forth.
system: What sleep milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?
output: Most babies are sleeping six to eight hours at a stretch by six months. When babies at this age have trouble falling or staying asleep, some parents turn to a method developed by pediatrician Richard Ferber. The Ferber Method, as it is known, involves putting your baby into the crib while she's still awake. If your baby cries, wait for a progressively longer period of time each night before going in to provide comfort. This method works well for some families, but you may need to experiment with several different sleep methods before you find the one that works best for you.
system: What are some tips for your babyâs sixth month?
output: Be on the lookout for signs that your baby is not hitting important milestones, like babbling, sitting unassisted, smiling, making eye contact, or responding to sounds. If you're concerned she has missed any milestone, call your pediatrician. Play peek-a-boo and similar games with your baby. It will help teach the idea of object permanence -- that objects still exist, even when they're out of sight. Place toys just out of reach on the floor to encourage your baby to start crawling. If you have older children, make sure to put away toys with tiny pieces to prevent your baby from choking.
system: What eating milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?
output: In just six short months, your baby has started to learn how to communicate and to eat solid foods. Wait a few days each time you try something new to make sure she isn't allergic to it. If your baby doesn't seem to like a new food, wait a few days and then try it again. Babies are fickle creatures and their tastes can change from one day to the next. Introduce foods one at a time to be able to monitor for any reactions such as rash, diarrhea, or vomiting. Cow's milk should also not be given until your baby is at least 1 year old, although products made with cow's milk, such as yogurt or soft cheese, are fine.
system: What can you do to find a childcare provider for your 6-month-old?
output: You may notice that your baby's eyes have changed from their birth color. If not, here are a few tips for choosing a safe and trustworthy childcare provider: Visit several childcare centers. Spend as much time as possible at each one to get a feel for what your baby might experience there. If you're able, drop in unannounced so you can see how the center runs when they're not prepared for a visit. Check to make sure that the facility provides a clean, safe environment. There should be no obvious safety hazards -- such as dangling cords, open outlets, or small toys -- and emergency procedures should be clearly posted. Ask about the ratio of staff members to children. The fewer children per staff member, the better. Each state's requirement for licensed childcare centers varies, but most stipulate no more than three to six babies for every one childcare worker. Find out about the background of every person who will be watching your child. Make sure the facility conducts careful background checks of all their employees, from the childcare workers to the maintenance people.
system: What growth milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?
output: By now, she should have at least doubled her birth weight. At six months, baby's growth will slow to about 1 pound a month. Height gain will also slow, to about a half-inch each month. The risk of SIDS is much lower at six months than it was in the first few months of life.
system: What communication milestones should you expect in your 6-month-old?
output: To help her learn the language, read stories together every night. Babies at this age are starting to recognize the people and things around them. Your baby will start to feel comfortable with the familiar -- mommy, daddy, grandma, and grandpa, as well as a few of her favorite toys. You might see the first signs of fear when she is with strange people or in new situations. Be on the lookout for signs that your baby is not hitting important milestones, like babbling, sitting unassisted, smiling, making eye contact, or responding to sounds.
system: What is visual acuity testing?
output: This measures how well you see at near and far distances. If your child can't yet read, the doctor will use a special test. Your child will look at a letter " E" then tell the doctor the way the legs point with her fingers.
system: What is corneal topography?
output: This computerized test maps the curve of your cornea. It can show problems with your eye's surface, like swelling or scarring, or conditions such as astigmatism. You might have it before you have surgery, a cornea transplant, or a contact lens fitting.
system: What is a dilated pupillary eye exam?
output: The doctor uses special drops to expand your eye's pupil (he'll call this dilate). That lets him check your retina for signs of disease.
system: What is a fluorescein angiogram?
output: This lets the doctor see how well blood moves in your retina. It helps diagnose diabetic retinopathy, retina detachment, and macular degeneration. The doctor will inject a special dye, called fluorescein, into a vein in your arm. It travels quickly to blood vessels inside your eye. Once it gets there, the doctor uses a camera with special filters to highlight the dye. He takes pictures of the dye as it goes though the blood vessels in the back of your eye. This helps him spot circulation problems, swelling, leaking, or abnormal blood vessels.
system: What is a non-contact tonometry eye exam?
output: This test helps diagnose glaucoma. The doctor will use a tool called a tonometer that blows a tiny puff of air, measuring eye pressure indirectly by the eye's resistance to the puff. Applanation instruments can also measure pressure. They are the most accurate, but you'll need local anesthetic.
system: What is a slit-lamp exam?
output: The doctor uses this microscope to shine a beam of light shaped like a small slit on your eye. He may also dilate your pupils during the test. It can help diagnose cataracts, glaucoma, detached retina, macular degeneration, cornea injuries, and dry eye disease.
system: What is a dilated pupillary exam?
output: The doctor uses special drops to expand your eye's pupil (he'll call this dilate). That lets him check your retina for signs of disease.