laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What surgical options are available for inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Which one is right for you depends on several factors: The extent of your disease Your age Your overall health The first option is called a proctocolectomy. It involves the removal of the entire colon and rectum. The surgeon then makes an opening on the abdomen called an ileostomy that goes into part of the small intestine. This opening provides a new path for feces to be emptied into a pouch that's attached to the skin with an adhesive. Another commonly used surgery is called ileoanal anastomosis. The surgeon removes the colon and then creates an internal pouch that connects the small intestine to the anal canal. This allows feces to still exit through the anus.
system: What is the outlook for people with inflammatory bowel disease?
output: When you have an IBD, the symptoms will come and go over a period of many years. That doesn't mean they control you; managing your condition with the help of your health care providers is the best way to stay as healthy as possible in the long term.
system: What is inflammatory bowel disease like?
output: If you have an IBD, you know it usually runs a waxing and waning course. When there is severe inflammation, the disease is considered active and the person experiences a flare-up of symptoms. When there is less or no inflammation, the person usually is without symptoms and the disease is said to be in remission.
system: How is a complete blood count used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: A nurse or lab technician will draw blood, which will then be tested in the lab. An increase in the white blood cell count suggests the presence of inflammation. And if you have severe bleeding, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level may decrease.
system: How can managing stress help with inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Another important aspect of self-care is to learn how to manage stress, which may worsen your symptoms. One thing you might want to do is to make a list of things that cause you stress and then consider which ones you can eliminate from your daily routine. Also, when you feel stress coming on, it can help to take several deep breaths and release them slowly by blowing out. Learning to meditate, creating time for yourself, and regular exercise are all important tools for reducing the amount of stress in your life.
system: What is the goal of medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Medical Treatment The goal of medical treatment is to suppress the abnormal inflammatory response so intestinal tissue has a chance to heal. As it does, the symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain should be relieved. Once the symptoms are under control, medical treatment will focus on decreasing the frequency of flare-ups and maintaining remission.
system: How is a sigmoidoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: In this procedure, a doctor uses a sigmoidoscope, a narrow, flexible tube with a camera and light, to visually examine the last one-third of your large intestine, which includes the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The sigmoidoscope is inserted through the anus and the intestinal wall is visually examined for ulcers, inflammation, and bleeding. The doctor may also take samples -- biopsies -- of the intestinal lining with an instrument inserted through the tube. These will then be examined in a laboratory under a microscope.
system: How common is surgery to treat inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Even though surgery will not cure Crohn's disease, approximately 50% of people with Crohn's require surgery at some point. If you have Crohn's disease and require surgery, your doctor will discuss your options with you. Be sure you ask questions and understand the goal or goals of the surgery, its risks and benefits, and what could happen if you don't have the surgery.
system: How is a colonoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon or large intestine. A colonoscopy is similar to a sigmoidoscopy, except that the doctor will use a colonoscope, a longer flexible tube, to examine the entire colon. At the end of the procedure, the pictures are downloaded from the receiver onto a computer.
system: How is a barium X-ray used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: You swallow a chalky white solution that coats the intestinal tract so it will be visible on X-rays. If a barium study is used to check the lower GI tract, you will be given an enema containing barium and asked to hold it in while X-rays are taken of the rectum and colon. Abnormalities caused by either Crohn's or ulcerative colitis may show up in these X-rays. If you have upper GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, a doctor will use an endoscope, a narrow, flexible tube with a camera and light, that will be inserted through the mouth -- to examine your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, which is the first part of your small intestine.
system: What does medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease involve?
output: With this approach, the least harmful drugs or drugs that are only taken for a short period of time are used first. If they fail to provide relief, drugs from a higher step are used. Treatment typically begins with aminosalicylates, which are aspirin-like anti-inflammatory drugs such as balsalazide ( Colazal), mesalamine ( Asacol, Apriso, Lialda, Pentasa), olsalazine ( Dipentum), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Mesalamine can be taken orally or be administered as a rectal suppository or enema to treat ulcerative colitis. Because they are anti-inflammatory, they are effective in both relieving symptoms of a flare-up and maintaining remission. The doctor may also prescribe anti diarrheal agents, antispasmodics, and acid suppressants for symptom relief. You should not take anti-diarrheal agents without a doctor's advice. These medications are not used in acute flare-ups, because they may take as long as 2 to 3 months to take action.
system: How are biologic therapies used for inflammatory bowel disease?
output: When there is less or no inflammation, the person usually is without symptoms and the disease is said to be in remission. Other anti- TNF agents approved for Crohn's disease are adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira, and certolizumab ( Cimzia). An alternative to anti- TNF treatment for Crohn's disease are biologics that target integrin, two of which are natalizumab ( Tysabri) and vedolizumab ( Entyvio). Another drug, ustekinumab ( Stelara), blocks IL-12 and IL-23. Adalimumab ( Humira), adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), certolizumab ( Cimzia), golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria), Infliximab ( Remicade), infliximab-abda ( Renflexis), and infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra) are some of the anti- TNF drugs currently approved by the FDA for ulcerative colitis.
system: What is inflammatory bowel disease?
output: It has often been thought of as an autoimmune disease, but research suggests that the chronic inflammation may not be due to the immune system attacking the body itself. Instead, it is a result of the immune system attacking a harmless virus, bacteria, or food in the gut, causing inflammation that leads to bowel injury. They include: Abdominal cramps and pain Diarrhea that may be bloody Severe urgency to have a bowel movement Fever Weight loss Loss of appetite Iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss IBD can lead to several serious complications in the intestines, including: Profuse intestinal bleeding from the ulcers Perforation, or rupture of the bowel Narrowing - called a stricture -- and obstruction of the bowel; found in Crohn's Fistulae (abnormal passages) and perianal disease, disease in the tissue around the anus; these conditions are more common in Crohn's than in ulcerative colitis.
system: How is capsule endoscopy used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease?
output: You swallow a small capsule that has a camera in it. Pictures are taken of the esophagus, stomach and small bowel and then sent to a receiver you wear on a belt. At the end of the procedure, the pictures are downloaded from the receiver onto a computer. The camera is passed through your body into the toilet. If you have Crohn's disease, especially if it's accompanied by a complication such as perianal disease (diseased tissue around the anus), the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to be taken with your other medicines.
system: When are antibiotics used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?
output: Antibiotics are less commonly used for ulcerative colitis. If you have Crohn's disease and require surgery, your doctor will discuss your options with you.
system: Why is bone health important for those with lupus?
output: Good nutrition is important for strong bones and muscles. For people with lupus, bone health is a particular concern. That's because medications used to treat it can increase the risk for osteoporosis, a condition in which the bones become less dense and break easily.
system: What should I do if achieving or maintaining a healthy weight with lupus is a problem?
output: If weight loss or gain is a problem, it is important to speak with your doctor or nurse. The doctor or nurse can assess your diet and suggest a program to help control your weight. The program will probably include a low-fat diet and exercise. A registered dietitian can help you design a diet specifically for your needs and lifestyle.
system: What types of diets can help those with lupus that are at risk for heart disease?
output: If your doctor finds you have risk factors for heart disease -- including high blood pressure or high cholesterol -- a low-fat diet and exercise may help. Your doctor may prescribe a low-sodium diet for high blood pressure.
system: What foods can help improve bone health for those with lupus?
output: Eating foods high in calcium and vitamin D is important for bone health. When buying dairy products, choose ones that are either low-fat or fat-free. Good choices include: 1% or 1/2% skim milk low-fat, low-sodium yogurt low-fat cheese If you cannot drink milk, good alternatives include: lactose-free milk soy milk almond milk juices that are fortified with calcium and Vitamin D Dark green vegetables are another source of calcium. If you don't get enough calcium in your diet, your doctor will probably recommend a calcium supplement.
system: How can a healthy diet help lupus?
output: If you have lupus, following a varied, healthy diet may help: Reduce inflammation and other symptoms Maintain strong bones and muscles Combat the side effects of medications Achieve or maintain a healthy weight Reduce the risk of heart disease Here's what you need to know about lupus, diet, and nutrition to gain these important benefits.
system: What foods should people with lupus avoid?
output: Saturated fats, on the other hand, can raise cholesterol levels and may contribute to inflammation. So they should be limited. Sources of saturated fats include fried foods, commercial baked goods, creamed soups and sauces, red meat, animal fat, processed meat products, and high-fat dairy foods. That includes whole milk, half and half, cheeses, butter, and ice cream.
system: Can diet and nutrition help or cure lupus?
output: In general, people with lupus should aim for a well-balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It should also include moderate amounts of meats, poultry, and oily fish. It can also result from medications that cause stomach upset or mouth sores. That makes a heart-healthy diet an important part of a lupus treatment plan.
system: Why could foods that fight inflammation help with lupus symptoms?
output: Still, good nutrition is an important part of an overall treatment plan for the disease. So it's possible, though not proven, that foods that fight inflammation could help lupus symptoms. On the other hand, foods that fuel inflammation could worsen them.
system: My child prefers a limited diet. Should I be worried about that?
output: As long as growth and weight gain are normal and the baby is achieving his or her milestones, there's usually no reason to worry about a fussy baby who prefers a limited diet. But if you find yourself worried about infant feeding problems, talk to your pediatrician before trying the following tips.
system: What are signs of a picky eater?
output: They can also be signs your little one is simply full, distracted, or not feeling well. A baby can seem picky for dozens of reasons -- or no reason at all. There's only one way to find out: Try slowing down the next feeding, or picking up the pace.
system: What are some tips to help tame a picky eater?
output: Never force feed. Try different textures. Transform the tempo. Some babies want to eat fast, others slow. Minimize distractions. Turn off the TV, remove toys and books, and help your little one focus on one thing: Eating. Keep meal length reasonable. Although you shouldn't rush mealtime, don't let it go on much longer than 20-30 minutes. Let baby touch his food. Let your baby participate. By about 9 months, many babies are interested in trying to feed themselves. Don't let on that you're frustrated or angry. Understand who's responsible for what. It's your job to feed your baby, but it's your baby's responsibility to decide what and how much to eat.
system: Which blood clots are treated with thrombolysis?
output: Thrombolysis is also used to treat blood clots in: Veins that cause deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) or clots in the legs, pelvic area, and upper extremities; if left untreated, pieces of the clot can break off and travel to an artery in the lungs, resulting in an acute pulmonary embolism. Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made).
system: When should a thrombolysis be done when a blood clot is life threatening?
output: Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made).
system: What risks are associated with thrombolysis?
output: These conditions include: Severe high blood pressure Active bleeding or severe blood loss Hemorrhagic stroke from bleeding in the brain Severe kidney disease Recent surgery Thrombolysis also may be associated with an increased risk of complications in patients who are pregnant or at an advanced age, and in people with other conditions. Patients who undergo thrombolysis have a small risk of infection (less than one in 1,000) as well as a slight risk of an allergic reaction to the contrast dye that may be needed for imaging. Besides risk of serious internal bleeding, other possible risks include: Bruising or bleeding at the access site Damage to the blood vessel Migration of the blood clot to another part of vascular system Kidney damage in patients with diabetes or other pre-existing kidney disease The most serious possible complication is intracranial bleeding, which is potentially fatal. But this complication is rare. Bleeding in the brain that causes stroke occurs in less than 1% of patients.
system: How is a thrombolysis done?
output: Bypass grafts Dialysis catheters If a blood clot is determined to be life threatening, thrombolysis may be an option if initiated as soon as possible -- ideally within one to two hours -- after the onset of symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism (once a diagnosis has been made). But treatment for a severe blockage may be necessary for several days. During this procedure, a long catheter tipped with a tiny suction cup, rotating device, high-speed fluid jet, or ultrasound device is used to physically break up the clot. Thrombolysis may not be recommended for patients who use blood-thinning medication, herbs, or dietary supplements, or for people with certain conditions associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Although thrombolysis is usually successful, the treatment is not able to dissolve the blood clot in up to 25% of patients.
system: What is the prognosis after thrombolysis?
output: Thrombolysis, also known as thrombolytic therapy, is a treatment to dissolve dangerous clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow, and prevent damage to tissues and organs. Another 12% of patients subsequently redevelop the clot or blockage in the blood vessel. In addition, thrombolysis alone -- even when successful -- cannot treat tissue that has already been damaged by compromised blood circulation. So, further treatment may be needed to address the underlying causes of the blood clot and repair damaged tissues and organs.
system: Can you get vitamin E naturally from foods?
output: People on very low-fat diets may also have low levels of vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) includes the vitamin E you get from both the food you eat and any supplements you take. Good sources of vitamin E include: Vegetable oils Green leafy vegetables, like spinach Fortified cereals and other foods Eggs Nuts The risks and benefits of taking vitamin E are still unclear.
system: What are the risks of taking vitamin E?
output: However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear. Long-term use (over 10 years) of vitamin E has been linked to an increase in stroke. In addition, an analysis of clinical trials found patients who took either synthetic vitamin E or natural vitamin E in doses of 400 IU per day -- or higher -- had an increased risk of dying from all causes, which seems to increase even more at higher doses. Cardiovascular studies also suggest that patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease who take natural vitamin E at 400 IU per day have an increased risk of heart failure and heart failure-related hospitalization. Vitamin E supplements might be harmful when taken in early pregnancy. One study found that women who took vitamin E supplementation during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy had a 1.7 to nine-fold increase in congenital heart defects. The exact amount of vitamin E supplements used by pregnant women in this study is unknown. A large population study showed that men using a multivitamin more than seven times per week in conjunction with a separate vitamin E supplement actually had a significantly increased risk of developing prostate cancer.
system: What is vitamin E used for?
output: These are substances that protect cells from damage. However, the risks and benefits of taking vitamin E supplements are still unclear. They're more likely in people who have diseases, such as digestive problems and cystic fibrosis. Topical vitamin E can irritate the skin.
system: Why do people take vitamin E?
output: But studies of vitamin E for preventing cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and many other conditions have been disappointing. So far, the only established benefits of vitamin E supplements are in people who have an actual deficiency. Vitamin E deficiencies are rare. They're more likely in people who have diseases, such as digestive problems and cystic fibrosis. People on very low-fat diets may also have low levels of vitamin E. The recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) includes the vitamin E you get from both the food you eat and any supplements you take. Cardiovascular studies also suggest that patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease who take natural vitamin E at 400 IU per day have an increased risk of heart failure and heart failure-related hospitalization.
system: Can death or loss cause depression?
output: Death or loss: Sadness and grief are normal reactions. Sometimes, though, such big stresses can bring serious symptoms of depression, like thoughts of suicide or feelings of worthlessness. Conflict: Personal turmoil or disputes with family or friends may lead to depression.
system: What in your life can cause depression?
output: Life events: Even good things, like moving or graduating, could make you depressed. Other changes that can do that include: A new job Loss of employment or income Marriage Divorce Retirement Having a baby Other illnesses: Sometimes depression pairs with, or can be a reaction to, another illness.
system: What illnesses can cause depression?
output: Examples include: Sleep problems Chronic pain Anxiety ADHD Medications: Depression can be a side effect of something you take for another condition.
system: Are genetics linked to depression?
output: Genetics: A history of depression in your family may make it more likely for you to get it. It's thought that the condition can be passed down. The exact way this happens, though, isn't clear.
system: What can raise your odds of depression?
output: Substance abuse: Nearly 30% of people who abuse drugs or alcohol have depression, too.
system: Can medications cause depression?
output: Examples include: Sleep problems Chronic pain Anxiety ADHD Medications: Depression can be a side effect of something you take for another condition. If this happens to you, talk with your doctor about changing what you take.
system: Can abuse cause depression?
output: Conflict: Personal turmoil or disputes with family or friends may lead to depression. Abuse: Past physical, sexual, or emotional abuse can bring it on, as well.
system: Can substance abuse cause depression?
output: Substance abuse: Nearly 30% of people who abuse drugs or alcohol have depression, too. Some people misuse substances when they feel down. For others, heavy use of alcohol or drugs can bring on depression symptoms.
system: What are the symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
output: The classic symptoms of HSP are rash, joint pain and swelling, abdominal pain, and/or related kidney disease, including blood in urine. Before these symptoms begin, patients may have two to three weeks of fever, headache, and muscular aches and pains. Rarely, other organs, such as the brain, heart, or lungs, may be affected.
system: What causes Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
output: The body's immune system is believed to play a role in targeting the blood vessels involved. An abnormal immune response to an infection may be a factor in many cases. Approximately two-thirds of the cases of HSP occur days after symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection develop. Some cases of HSP have been linked to vaccinations for typhoid, cholera, yellow fever, measles, or hepatitis B; foods, drugs, chemicals, and insect bites. Some experts also say that HSP is associated with the colder weather of fall and winter.
system: What is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura?
output: Henoch- Schonlein purpura ( HSP) is a disease involving inflammation of small blood vessels. It most commonly occurs in children. The inflammation causes blood vessels in the skin, intestines, kidneys, and joints to start leaking. The main symptom is a rash with numerous small bruises, which have a raised appearance, over the legs or buttocks.
system: How is Henoch-Schonlein Purpura diagnosed?
output: The diagnosis of HSP may be clear when the typical rash, arthritis, and abdominal pain are present. A doctor may order some tests to rule out other diagnoses, confirm the diagnosis, and assess its severity. Occasionally, when the diagnosis is uncertain, particularly if the only symptom is the classic rash, your doctor may perform biopsies of the skin or kidney. Urine and blood tests will likely be done to detect signs of kidney involvement and may need to be repeated during follow-up to monitor any changes in kidney function.
system: Does Henoch-Schonlein Purpura affect your kidneys?
output: In most patients, the kidney impairment is mild and goes away without any long-term damage. It's important to monitor the kidney problems closely and make sure they clear up, since about 5% of patients may develop progressive kidney disease. About 1% may go on to develop total kidney failure.
system: Do birth control pills protect you from cancer?
output: One of the best âside effectsâ of the pill is that long-time use lowers your risk for ovarian and endometrial cancer. And if you took it for long enough, the payoff continues after you stop.