laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is blood doping?
output: In many cases, blood doping increases the amount of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. Illicit blood transfusions are used by athletes to boost performance.
system: Where can I get my fiber if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: You don't have to get all that fiber at once. A few pieces of fruit, such as a banana together with an apple in its skin, provide 7 grams of fiber. One ounce of almonds gets you halfway there. Try whole grains instead of refined ones to add a few grams of fiber to your morning cereal or lunchtime sandwich.
system: How much fiber should I get if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: Fiber can help you feel full and control your blood sugar. But most people don't get enough. On average, Americans get about 16 grams of fiber per day, less than half the recommendation for men (30-36 grams) and about two-thirds of what women should get (25 grams). A recent study found that people who ate an extra 7 grams of fiber a day lowered their risk for heart disease. That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely.
system: How much should I exercise if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: You know how important exercise is for weight loss and overall health, but sometimes getting to the gym for even a half-hour just isn't in the cards. The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals.
system: How much should I exercise in a week if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: Aim to add 10 minutes of moderate exercise to your daily routine, and then continue tacking it on until you hit at least 150 minutes per week.
system: How can I burn more calories if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: To burn more calories, take a brisk walk, or do strength training moves while you watch TV. Start slow and aim for regular sessions of at least three times a week. Over time, gradually make your workouts longer and more challenging. Find an activity you enjoy.
system: What should I do if I have already lost weight if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: After you've lost that first 5% of your weight, press on. One study found that people with type 2 diabetes improved their blood sugar control when they lost as little as 2% of their body weight. But to see even more improvements, like a lower risk of heart disease and improved blood sugar over the long term, aim to drop 10 to 15% of your body weight.
system: What is the most effective way to manage type 2 diabetes?
output: So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off. Later, you can build from that success. Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes.
system: What can losing weight do for my type 2 diabetes?
output: Research shows that losing 5% of your extra weight will make you less likely to get heart disease by improving blood pressure, blood sugar, and HDL cholesterol (the good kind).
system: How much vegetables should I eat if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: And yet, most adults don't get the recommended three to five servings a day. You can start small. Just add one vegetable in place of another food once a day.
system: How can I eat healthier if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: Skip the bag of potato chips, and try fresh celery sticks. Cook a little less pasta, and bulk up the dish with vegetables such as artichoke hearts, zucchini, or mushrooms. Use lettuce as sandwich wraps for lunch, or toss leftover veggies in with eggs for a quick breakfast. Changes like these can shave off calories, give you more fiber, and help you feel full. That can mean weight loss and better blood sugar control.
system: What are the benefits to losing more weight if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: The good news is you can get the same benefits from doing 10- or 15-minute bite-size workouts as you do from exercising in 30-minute intervals. These changes can motivate you to continue shedding pounds if you need to. Keep adding more minutes of exercise, and more vegetables, too. It's all part of putting yourself in charge of your diabetes.
system: How can I manage my type 2 diabetes?
output: Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight loss are the most effective and safest ways to manage type 2 diabetes. You can start small.
system: What activities can I do if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: That's especially important for you, because having diabetes makes heart disease more likely. But everything counts, even fidgeting. Just standing or pacing while talking on the phone can help lower blood pressure and total cholesterol.
system: How much weight should I lose if I have type 2 diabetes?
output: Here are five manageable goals to shoot for: You might see your ideal weight as 30, 40, or more pounds lighter than you are right now. So start by focusing on losing that 5% and keeping it off.
system: How can you get help for gout?
output: The pain from a gout attack usually gets better in 3 to 10 days. But you'll feel better faster if the gout is treated. If you think you might have it, contact your doctor. An exam and tests will show if it's gout or something else, like an infection. Talk with your doctor about the best medicines for you. The type will depend on how well your kidneys work, the possible side effects, and other health issues.
system: How is gout treated?
output: NSAIDs help reduce pain and swelling in the joints during a gout attack.
system: How can prescription medicines help with gout?
output: Your doctor may recommend one of these medicines that you can't get over the counter: Allopurinol ( Aloprim, Zyloprim)reduces uric acid production. Colchicine ( Colcrys) reduces inflammation. Febuxostat ( Uloric) reduces uric acid production. Indomethacin ( Indocin) is a stronger NSAID pain reliever. Lesinurad helps your body get rid of uric acid when you pee. Pegloticase ( Krystexxa) breaks down uric acid. Probenecid ( Benemid) helps the kidneys excrete uric acid from your body. Steroids (also called corticosteroids) fight inflammation.
system: What are other ways to prevent a gout attack?
output: Along with medicine, your doctor may suggest other ways to prevent another attack: Exercise and eat a balanced diet to control your weight. Drink lots of water. Stay away from sugary drinks. Avoid excessive alcohol use, especially beer. Eat less meat, especially liver and sweetbreads, and seafood. Get your protein from foods like low-fat dairy. products like yogurt, cheese and milk. These medicine and lifestyle change can help you get through an attack and prevent other attacks.
system: What nonprescription medicines are used to treat gout?
output: NSAIDs help reduce pain and swelling in the joints during a gout attack. Popular types are ibuprofen and naproxen. If you take NSAIDs in the first 24 hours, it can help shorten the attack. Other ways to reduce the pain are to ice, rest, and raise the joint.
system: Does a high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score mean I have prostate cancer?
output: If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment. Fact: Not necessarily. An inflamed prostate can drive up your numbers. The score helps your doctor decide if you need more tests to check for prostate cancer. Also, he'll watch your PSA score over time.
system: If I get prostate cancer, will I die of the disease?
output: Fact: Many men with prostate cancer are likely to live to an old age or die of some other cause.
system: Does prostate cancer surgery end your sex life and cause urine leakage?
output: Fact: Your surgeon may be able to spare the nerves that help trigger erections. That means you should be able to have an erection strong enough for sex again. But it may be a while. Recovery can take from 4 to 24 months, maybe longer. Younger men usually heal sooner. If you still have trouble, ask your doctor about treatments for erectile dysfunction. There are medications and devices that can help. He'll tell you if they're right for you. Other prostate cancer treatments, like radiation and hormone therapy, also can affect your sex life. Talk to your doctor about your choices. You might leak urine after surgery, but it's usually short-term. Within a year, about 95% of men have as much bladder control as they did before the operation.
system: Do I have to start treatment right away for prostate cancer?
output: Fact: You and your doctor may decide not to treat your prostate cancer. Reasons include: It's in an early stage and is growing very slowly. You're elderly or have other illnesses. Prostate cancer treatment may not prolong your life and may make it harder to care for your other health problems. In such cases, your doctor will likely suggest âactive surveillance.â This means that he'll check you often and order tests to see if your cancer is getting worse. If your situation changes, you may decide to start treatment.
system: Do glucagon and insulin work similarly?
output: Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel.
system: How can you treat low blood sugar?
output: You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal.
system: What does glucagon do?
output: To help you keep the level steady and healthy, your body makes a hormone called glucagon while you sleep and after you eat. It's made in your pancreas, a small organ above your liver, and it can raise levels of glucose, or sugar, in your blood. That's the fuel your muscles and organs use to work and stay healthy. Glucagon helps your liver break down the food you eat to make glucose.
system: How does glucagon and insulin affect your blood sugar levels?
output: Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make insulin or doesn't make enough. This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies.
system: How can you inform others about how to manage low blood sugar?
output: If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit.
system: Can you have hypoglycemia in your sleep?
output: You might have it if you feel you are: Confused Dizzy Having difficulty with speech Headachy Hungry Lightheaded Nauseous Nervous Shaky or unsteady Sweaty You can have hypoglycemia in your sleep, too. That can cause nightmares or night sweats. You may cry out in your sleep or wake up feeling tired or confused.
system: Can you make too much glucagon?
output: You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies.
system: What happens if your blood sugar gets too low?
output: If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels.
system: How do you know if you have low blood sugar?
output: If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out.
system: What can happen if you have low blood sugar?
output: If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels.
system: What does hypoglycemia mean and what are its symptoms?
output: If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out.
system: How can you treat hypoglycemia?
output: You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal.
system: How does glucagon work?
output: Glucose goes from your liver into your blood to give you energy. Glucagon can tell your liver not to take in too much glucose from the food you eat and to release stored sugar into your blood instead. If your blood sugar dips too low, your pancreas releases glucagon to tell your liver to make more glucose. Glucagon can also play a role in how amino acids (compounds that help make up muscles and tissue in your body) make glucose. And it can break down triglycerides, or fat your body stores, into fuel. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals.
system: How do you treat severe hypoglycemia?
output: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels.
system: What helps hypoglycemia?
output: This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out. Glucagon can help with hypoglycemia so you feel right again. Hypoglycemia refers to a blood sugar level that's gotten too low.
system: How does having diabetes affect glucagon?
output: This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin.
system: How can you treat severe low blood sugar?
output: People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit. This contains the hormone in a powder and a syringe filled with fluid. It will have clear instructions on how to quickly mix and inject the glucagon shot.
system: What are the warning signs of a stroke?
output: These are called transient ischemic attacks (also called TIA or "mini-stroke"), brief episodes of the stroke symptoms listed above. A TIA is when a blockage, caused by a clot, is temporary. These leave no permanent brain damage but do put you at higher risk for a subsequent stroke. Some people have no warning signs before a stroke, or symptoms are so mild that they are not noticeable. Regular check-ups are important in catching problems before they become serious. Report any symptoms or risk factors to your doctor.
system: What are the types of strokes?
output: There are two types of stroke: Ischemic strokeis similar to a heart attack, except it occurs in the blood vessels of the brain. About 80% of all strokes are ischemic. Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.
system: What is a stroke?
output: These clots block blood flow to the brain's cells. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells.
system: What growth problems can children with Williams syndrome have?
output: Babies born with Williams syndrome can be very small. They may have trouble eating, and might not gain weight or grow as quickly as other children. As adults, they are often shorter than most people.
system: Which specialist can be involved in taking care of a child with Williams syndrome?
output: Many different caregivers can be involved in taking care of your child, including a: Cardiologist -- a doctor who treats heart problems Endocrinologist -- a doctor who treats hormone problems Gastroenterologist -- a doctor who treats gastrointestinal problems Ophthalmologist -- a doctor who treats eye problems Psychologist Speech and language therapist Occupational therapist Physical therapist Some of the treatments your child might need: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D to bring down high calcium levels in the blood Medicine to lower blood pressure Special education, including speech and language therapy Physical therapy Surgery to fix a blood vessel or heart problem Your child might need treatments for other symptoms, too.
system: What facial features do children with Williams syndrome have?
output: Children with Williams syndrome have unique facial features that may include: Wide forehead Bridge of the nose is flattened Short nose with a large tip Wide mouth with full lips Small chin Small, widely spaced teeth Missing or crooked teeth Uneven eyes Folds over the corners of the eyes White starburst pattern around the iris, or colored part of the eye Long face and neck (in adulthood) Many with Williams syndrome have problems with their heart and blood vessels.
system: What learning problems can children with Williams syndrome have?
output: Learning problems are common in children with Williams syndrome. They range from mild to severe. Children are slower to walk, talk, and gain new skills compared to other children their age. They may have a learning disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). On the other hand, lots of children with Williams syndrome have very good memories and learn new things quickly. They tend to speak and read well, and often have musical talent.
system: How is Williams syndrome diagnosed?
output: Children are slower to walk, talk, and gain new skills compared to other children their age. Your doctor will do an exam and ask about your family medical history. Then the doctor will look for facial features like an upturned nose, wide forehead, and small teeth. An electrocardiogram ( EKG) or ultrasound can check for heart problems. A bladder and kidney ultrasound can check for urinary tract conditions. Your child might get a blood test called FISH, or fluorescence in situ hybridization, to see if any genes are missing. Most people with Williams syndrome will not have the ELN gene. Because these issues can develop over time, doctors will want to see your child regularly.
system: What is Williams syndrome?
output: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. Their nose, mouth, and other facial features may be unique. They sometimes have trouble learning. Children with Williams syndrome will need to see many doctors throughout their lives. But with the right treatment, they can stay healthy and do well in school. Williams syndrome can't be cured, but treatments can help with symptoms and learning problems.
system: What are possible symptoms of Williams syndrome?
output: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. Curved spine, called scoliosis Ear infections Early puberty Farsightedness Hernia High levels of calcium in the blood Hoarse voice Joint and bone problems Kidney problems Urinary tract infections Williams syndrome is usually diagnosed before a child is 4 years old.
system: What causes Williams syndrome?
output: Babies with Williams syndrome are born without certain genes. In a small number of cases, babies inherit the genetic deletion from a parent with the condition, but it is usually a random disorder in the genes. It can also affect a child's ability to learn.
system: What are treatments for Williams syndrome?
output: Many different caregivers can be involved in taking care of your child, including a: Cardiologist -- a doctor who treats heart problems Endocrinologist -- a doctor who treats hormone problems Gastroenterologist -- a doctor who treats gastrointestinal problems Ophthalmologist -- a doctor who treats eye problems Psychologist Speech and language therapist Occupational therapist Physical therapist Some of the treatments your child might need: A diet low in calcium and vitamin D to bring down high calcium levels in the blood Medicine to lower blood pressure Special education, including speech and language therapy Physical therapy Surgery to fix a blood vessel or heart problem Your child might need treatments for other symptoms, too. Williams syndrome can't be cured, but treatments can help with symptoms and learning problems. Every child with Williams syndrome is different. Some can lead a very normal life. Others have more serious health and learning problems. They may need lifelong medical care.
system: How can Williams syndrome affect the heart and blood vessels?
output: Children with this syndrome could have problems with their heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organs. The aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, may be narrowed. The pulmonary arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs also may be narrowed. High blood pressure is common. Narrowed arteries don't let as much oxygen-rich blood reach the heart and body. High blood pressure and decreased blood flow can damage the heart.
system: What is a facet joint block?
output: Facet joint block: Also known as a zygapophysial joint block, the facet joint block is performed to determine whether a facet joint is a source of pain. Facet joints are located on the back of the spine, where one vertebra slightly overlaps another. These joints guide and restrict the spines movement.
system: What are risks and side effects of nerve blocks?
output: Nerve blocks do have risks and side effects. They include: Elevated blood sugars Rash Itching Weight gain Extra energy Soreness at the site of injection Bleeding Death (in rare cases) Although many kinds of nerve blocks exist, this treatment cannot always be used.
system: How are nerve blocks used?
output: Therapeutic nerve blocks are used to treat painful conditions. Diagnostic nerve blocks are used to determine sources of pain. Prognostic nerve blocks predict the outcomes of given treatments. Preemptive nerve blocks are meant to prevent subsequent pain from a procedure that can cause problems including phantom limb pain. Nerve blocks can be used, in some cases, to avoid surgery.
system: What things might your partner worry about if you have diabetes?
output: It's common for your partner to worry about: Serious health complications, like blindness or amputations How to help you control your diabetes day to day and to deal with any blood sugar emergencies If you'll be able to take care of your family and other responsibilities Money and insurance coverage If you don't talk about these issues candidly, the stressors over time can put a wedge in your relationship.
system: What do studies say about relationships and diabetes?
output: Managing your type 2 diabetes is a big part of your life. If you have a partner or a spouse, diabetes becomes a part of their life, too. Studies show that a supportive partner can help you better manage your disease. Both of you should learn about the danger of high and low blood sugar levels, insulin and other medications, the benefits of exercise, and the best diet to keep your blood sugar under control. Consider taking your partner along on your doctors' appointments or to diabetes classes.