laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What kinds of medications are used for atrial flutter?
output: It identifies heart valve problems, checks how well your ventricles work, and looks for blood clots in the atria. The goals are to control the heart rate, restore a normal sinus rhythm, prevent future episodes, and prevent stroke. The classes of medications used in atrial flutter are: Heart rate medicines: The most common way to treat atrial fibrillation is with drugs that control your heartbeat. Most people take a medication called digoxin ( Lanoxin). Some are called beta-blockers. These treatments are sometimes called chemical cardioversion: Sodium channel blockers, which slow your heart's ability to conduct electricity: Flecainide ( Tambocor) Propafenone ( Rythmol) Quinidine Potassium channel blockers, which slow the electrical signals that cause AFib: Amiodarone ( Cordarone, Nexterone Pacerone), Dofetilide ( Tikosyn) Sotalol ( Betapace, Sorine, Sotylize) Anticoagulants: These drugs make your blood less able to clot. This lowers the odds that a blood clot will form in the heart or in a blood vessel and lead to a stroke.
system: What does the heart do?
output: The beat slows down when the signals reach the AV node, a bundle of cells in the upper wall of muscle between the ventricles, your heart's lower chambers. But atrial flutter can result from: Diseases or other problems in the heart A disease elsewhere in your body that affects the heart Substances that change the way your heart transmits electrical impulses Heart diseases or problems that can cause atrial flutter include: Ischemia : Lower blood flow to the heart due to coronary heart disease, hardening of the arteries, or a blood clot Hypertension : High blood pressure Cardiomyopathy : Disease of the heart muscle Abnormal heart valves: Especially the mitral valve Hypertrophy: An enlarged chamber of the heart Open-heart surgery Diseases elsewhere in your body that affect the heart include: Hyperthyroidism : An overactive thyroid gland Pulmonary embolism : A blood clot in a blood vessel in the lungs Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ): A condition that lowers the amount of oxygen in your blood Substances that may contribute to atrial flutter include: Alcohol (wine, beer, or hard liquor) Stimulants like cocaine, amphetamines, diet pills, cold medicines, and even caffeine Some people have no symptoms at all with atrial flutter. They slow your heart rate and cut the strength of contractions.
system: What is an atrial flutter?
output: Such problems, whether in the rhythm or speed of the heartbeat, are known as arrhythmias. But atrial flutter can result from: Diseases or other problems in the heart A disease elsewhere in your body that affects the heart Substances that change the way your heart transmits electrical impulses Heart diseases or problems that can cause atrial flutter include: Ischemia : Lower blood flow to the heart due to coronary heart disease, hardening of the arteries, or a blood clot Hypertension : High blood pressure Cardiomyopathy : Disease of the heart muscle Abnormal heart valves: Especially the mitral valve Hypertrophy: An enlarged chamber of the heart Open-heart surgery Diseases elsewhere in your body that affect the heart include: Hyperthyroidism : An overactive thyroid gland Pulmonary embolism : A blood clot in a blood vessel in the lungs Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ): A condition that lowers the amount of oxygen in your blood Substances that may contribute to atrial flutter include: Alcohol (wine, beer, or hard liquor) Stimulants like cocaine, amphetamines, diet pills, cold medicines, and even caffeine Some people have no symptoms at all with atrial flutter.
system: Is atrial flutter life-threatening?
output: Atrial flutter is a problem with way your heart beats. Complications of atrial flutter can be devastating, but treatment almost always prevents them.
system: Why should people with weakened immune systems get a pneumonia vaccine?
output: Many diseases can cause your immune system to weaken, so it's less able to fight off bugs like pneumonia. If you have heart disease, diabetes, emphysema, asthma, or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), you're more likely to have a weakened immune system, which makes you more likely to get pneumonia. The same goes for people who receive chemotherapy, people who have had organ transplants, and people with HIV or AIDS.
system: Why should people over the age of 65 get a pneumonia vaccine?
output: As you age, your immune system doesn't work as well as it once did. You're more likely to have trouble fighting off a pneumonia infection. All adults over age 65 should get the vaccine.
system: Why should people getting over surgery get a pneumonia vaccine?
output: People getting over surgery or a severe illness. If you were in the hospital ICU (intensive care unit) and needed help breathing with a ventilator, you're at risk of getting pneumonia. The same is true if you've just had major surgery or if you're healing from a serious injury. When your immune system is weak because of illness or injury or because it's helping you get better from surgery, you can't fight off germs as well as you normally can.
system: Do I need a pneumonia vaccine?
output: And if you've had the shot and you do get pneumonia anyway, you will probably have a much milder case. Older adults and some people with health problems are more likely to get pneumonia, a lung infection that makes it harder to breathe. It's more common among people whose immune systems are weak.
system: Why should smokers get a pneumonia vaccine?
output: If you've smoked for a long time, you could have damage to the small hairs that line the insides of your lungs and help filter out germs. When they're damaged, they aren't as good at stopping those bad germs.
system: How does a pneumonia vaccine work?
output: PPSV23 protects against an additional 23 types of pneumonia bacteria. Neither can prevent every type of pneumonia, but they work against more than 30 common, severe types. People who need a pneumonia vaccine should get both shots: first, the PCV13 shot and then the PPSV23 shot a year or more later. For most people, one of each shot should be enough to protect them for their entire lives. Sometimes, you may need a booster shot. Ask your doctor whether you should get one. You cannot get pneumonia from the vaccine. The shots only contain an extract of the pneumonia bacteria, not the actual bacteria that cause the illness.
system: Why should heavy drinkers get a pneumonia vaccine?
output: As you age, your immune system doesn't work as well as it once did. If you have heart disease, diabetes, emphysema, asthma, or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), you're more likely to have a weakened immune system, which makes you more likely to get pneumonia.
system: What are the risks of getting a pneumonia vaccine?
output: If it's flu season, you can even get a pneumonia vaccine at the same time that you get a flu vaccine, as long as you receive each shot in a different arm. PCV13 helps protect people from 13 of the most severe types of bacteria that cause pneumonia. But some people have mild side effects from the vaccine, including: Swelling, soreness, or redness where you got the shot Mild fever Fussiness or irritability Loss of appetite Sore muscles Fewer than 1% of people who get the pneumonia vaccine have these types of side effects. Allergic reactions are even rarer.
system: What can trigger hives in kids?
output: Symptoms can include: Severe itching Skin redness or rash Thick, scaly, leathery patches on the skin that develop over time Things that can set off these reactions include: Nickel, a metal in some earrings, snaps, and buttons Poison ivy, oak, and sumac Ingredients in mouthwash and toothpaste Chemicals and dyes in shoes Cosmetics Medicines used on the skin, such as neomycin (an antibiotic), antihistamines, and anesthetics (skin-numbing treatments) Hives are itchy red bumps or patches on the skin. They can last for a few minutes to a few hours and can come and go over a few days. Triggers include: Foods like eggs, milk, peanuts, wheat, soy, seafood, nuts, and strawberries Medicines, especially antibiotics Insect bites and stings Latex Pet saliva or dander Viral infections Sometimes, hives can appear without a known trigger.
system: What can cause skin allergies in kids?
output: Repeat skin infections that may be caused by scratching The following things can set off more itching: Dry air Sweating Rough fabrics Certain soaps and detergents Foods like eggs, nuts, cow milk, wheat, soy, and seafood, but only sometimes When your child gets a rash after touching something he's sensitive to, it's called allergic contact dermatitis. Symptoms can include: Severe itching Skin redness or rash Thick, scaly, leathery patches on the skin that develop over time Things that can set off these reactions include: Nickel, a metal in some earrings, snaps, and buttons Poison ivy, oak, and sumac Ingredients in mouthwash and toothpaste Chemicals and dyes in shoes Cosmetics Medicines used on the skin, such as neomycin (an antibiotic), antihistamines, and anesthetics (skin-numbing treatments) Hives are itchy red bumps or patches on the skin.
system: Can DEET help prevent insect and spider bites?
output: It can be found in a variety of lotions and sprays and purchased in most drug stores. There has been some concern about the negative effects of using this chemical, particularly for children, but none of the natural plant products are likely to be as reliable. The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) recommends that DEET not be used on children younger than two months of age. Picaridin is a plant-derived compound and is also somewhat effective against mosquitoes and ticks. Essential oil of eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus) is a natural insect repellent.
system: Can natural insect repellent work for preventing insect and spider bites?
output: Essential oil of eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus) is a natural insect repellent. Make a solution by adding five drops or eucalyptus oil to 1 cup of water and dab it on your skin. Essential oil of citronella also discourages insects when placed on exposed skin. A few dabs of calendula (calendula officinalis) ointment on the face, arms, and legs may keep insects away and is also available as a commercially available product.
system: What is picardin?
output: Picaridin is a plant-derived compound and is also somewhat effective against mosquitoes and ticks.
system: What are some grooming checklist for caregivers for people with cancer?
output: A woman with cancer might feel more confident and in control when she takes care of how she looks. For safety, use an electric shaver. For someone getting chemotherapy, remind her to brush her teeth after she eats to avoid infection. Offer waxed dental floss, a soft-bristle toothbrush, and fluoride toothpaste without whitening or tartar control. Talk to her doctor about flossing if her gums bleed and she has low levels of platelets in her blood. Make a mouth rinse by mixing 1/2 teaspoon baking soda with 1 cup of water for her to use after each brush. Don't use store-bought mouthwash. It can have alcohol or chemicals that may irritate her mouth.
system: Are there any specific tips that can help adapt my lifestyle for multiple sclerosis?
output: Other Tips Always keep emergency numbers where you can get to them easily. Pre-set them on your phone. Use telephones with oversized buttons. Remove throw rugs to avoid slipping or tripping. Make your home as comfortable and cozy as possible. Use soothing colors to decorate, and buy scented candles or potpourri in fragrances that relax you. Keep photos and music around that lift your spirits. Make sure the temperature is right for you.
system: What can I do to clean in a way that is better adapted for treating multiple sclerosis?
output: Cleaning Use long handles on sponge mops, cleaning brushes, dustpans, brooms, or window washers. Sit to fold laundry, wash dishes, iron clothes, use the vacuum, mop the floor, or plug in appliances at low outlets. Adapt counters so that you can reach them from a wheelchair or from a sitting position.
system: Are there small tweaks I can make to my home to help treat multiple sclerosis?
output: Some examples include: Built-up utensils Grab bars Reacher devices Electric beds or mattresses Sliding boards Wheelchairs There are many small tweaks you can make in your usual routine, including dressing, using the bathroom, cleaning, and working in the kitchen. Not all of these recommendations for habits and gear may be right for you.
system: How can I change my shopping habits to better adapt to multiple sclerosis?
output: Ask to reserve a wheelchair or tri-wheel cart if you aren't planning to bring your own. Call a taxi, or ask a friend or family member to drive you.
system: What ways can I change the habits in my bathroom to better treat multiple sclerosis?
output: In the Bathroom Use an elevated toilet seat or safety rails to make it easier to sit and stand. Do not use towel racks or bathroom tissue holders to help you stand. They're not sturdy enough. Install grab bars inside and outside the bathtub or shower. Use a bathtub transfer bench or a shower chair with back support. Put extended lever handles on faucets to make them easier to turn. Put a nonskid mat in the bathtub. Use a handheld hose for showering and bathing. Use a long-handled sponge or scrubbing brush. Use soap-on-a-rope, bath mitts, or sponges with soap inside instead of bar soap. Use lukewarm water. Very hot water can make you tired and aggravate your symptoms. Sew straps on towels to make them easier to hold while you dry yourself. Place a towel on the floor outside the tub to dry your feet so you don't slip. Put a towel on the back of your chair and rub your back against it to dry. Use toothbrushes with built-up handles or use an electric toothbrush. Use utensils with built-up, lightweight handles.
system: How can Tay-Sachs disease be prevented?
output: Tay- Sachs disease is a rare, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies around 6 months of age. If both parents are carriers of Tay- Sachs disease, there is a 25% chance that any child they have will get the disease. You can have a blood test that analyzes your genes or the levels of the Hex- A protein in your blood to tell you whether you are a carrier. If two people planning to have children find out they're both carriers, a genetic counselor can help them review the options for lowering the chances of having a baby with Tay- Sachs.
system: Who gets Tay-Sachs disease?
output: Tay- Sachs disease is a rare, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies around 6 months of age. But babies born with Tay- Sachs disease inherited a mutated copy of the gene from both parents, so they don't make any Hex- A protein. A baby born with Tay- Sachs grows normally until 3 to 6 months of age. Non- Jewish French Canadians living near the St. Lawrence River in Canada and in the Cajun community of Louisiana also have a higher incidence of Tay- Sachs. If both parents are carriers of Tay- Sachs disease, there is a 25% chance that any child they have will get the disease.
system: What are symptoms of Tay-Sachs disease?
output: Tay- Sachs disease is a rare, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies around 6 months of age. A baby born with Tay- Sachs grows normally until 3 to 6 months of age. Around this time, parents might notice their baby's development start to slow and the muscles weaken. Gradually, the disease causes more symptoms in babies, including: A loss of motor skills such as turning over, sitting, and crawling A very strong reaction to loud noises Trouble focusing on objects or following them with their eyes Cherry-red spots, which can be identified with an eye examination, in the eyes By age 2, most children with Tay- Sachs have started getting more severe problems. They can include: Swallowing and breathing issues that keep getting worse Seizures Loss of mental function, hearing, and sight Paralysis Past age 3, there are few visible changes in children with Tay- Sachs, but the nervous system continues to go downhill, often leading to death by age 5.
system: What should I expect from Tay-Sachs disease later in life?
output: Tay- Sachs disease is a rare, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies around 6 months of age. A baby born with Tay- Sachs grows normally until 3 to 6 months of age. Like the version of the disease that affects infants, the Tay- Sachs that starts later in life is caused by HEXA gene mutations. Symptoms might start to appear anywhere from the teen years to adulthood. Early symptoms often include clumsiness, problems balancing, and muscle weakness in the legs. People with it may also have mental health issues. Late-onset Tay- Sachs doesn't always shorten life span.
system: What causes Tay-Sachs disease?
output: Tay- Sachs disease is a rare, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies around 6 months of age. Defects in a gene called HEXA cause Tay- Sachs. Some people have just one normal copy of the gene, and they still make enough Hex- A protein to keep the brain and spinal cord healthy. But babies born with Tay- Sachs disease inherited a mutated copy of the gene from both parents, so they don't make any Hex- A protein. This is what makes them become so sick. Over time, GM2 ganglioside builds up in their nervous system and starts to cause damage.
system: What treatments and programs can help my child with Tay-Sachs disease?
output: Tay- Sachs disease is a rare, fatal disorder most commonly diagnosed in babies around 6 months of age. A baby born with Tay- Sachs grows normally until 3 to 6 months of age. They can provide ways to help your baby keep the suck-swallow reflex going as well as help you figure out when it is time to consider a feeding tube for your little one. These specialists can help you manage your baby's seizures with medication. Specialists such as pediatricians and pulmonologists (doctors who treat lung and breathing problems) can recommend ways for parents to reduce the chance of lung infections in their child. Play and stimulation. They can relax your baby. Palliative and hospice care.
system: Why do I have high triglycerides?
output: Some people have high triglycerides because they inherited a genetic predisposition from their parents. One common inherited condition is called familial hypertriglyceridemia. You can also have high triglycerides for other reasons, especially if you're overweight, have an unhealthy diet, and aren't physically active.
system: How will your doctor help you determine if you have high triglycerides?
output: Your doctor will ask you to take a blood test, after fasting, to check your blood's triglyceride level.
system: What if lifestyle changes don't lower my triglyceride levels enough?
output: If lifestyle changes don't lower your triglyceride levels enough, your doctor may consider prescribing fibrates, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins to help lower your high triglycerides. However, you'll still need to keep up with diet and exercise to manage your triglyceride levels.
system: What should I ask my parents about my family's medical history and triglycerides?
output: Ask them these three questions: Did anyone in your family have high triglycerides? Was anyone in the family diagnosed with heart disease before age 50? Did anyone in your family have a heart attack or stroke before age 50?
system: What lifestyle changes can help lower my triglyceride levels?
output: Your doctor will ask you to take a blood test, after fasting, to check your blood's triglyceride level. These simple steps may help: Lose extra weight. If you're overweight, work with your doctor to reach and keep a healthier weight. If you drink too much alcohol, your triglyceride levels may rise. In some people, even small amounts of alcohol may raise triglyceride levels. Cut back on sugar in desserts, drinks, and other foods. Get moving. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days. Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids.
system: Why do I need to be concerned about my triglyceride levels?
output: The good news is that you can do a lot to manage that risk. Did anyone in your family have a heart attack or stroke before age 50?
system: Does baby eczema go away by itself?
output: Most children outgrow it before they start school. It's not common, but some kids will have eczema into adulthood. They may have times -- even years -- without the symptoms. But they may still tend to have dry skin.
system: How can eczema show up on my baby?
output: It shows up as patches of red or dry skin.
system: How common is eczema?
output: It's common and very treatable. Many infants outgrow it. Not sure if your baby's itchy, irritated rash is eczema? Your doctor can tell you for sure.
system: What should you do about itching related to your baby's eczema?
output: Try to keep your baby from scratching her itchy skin. Scratching can make the rash worse, lead to an infection, and cause the irritated skin to get thicker and more leathery. Trim her nails often, and then take the edge off of them with a file if you can. Some parents also slip "scratch mittens" onto their little one's hands. Others try long socks, tucked in under a long-sleeved shirt, so they're harder for a baby to remove.
system: How can you treat baby eczema with a lukewarm bath?
output: This hydrates and cools the skin. It may also ease itching. Make sure the water isn't too hot! Keep the bath short -- no more than 10 minutes. To soothe itchiness even more, you could try adding oatmeal soaking products to your baby's tub.
system: What does eczema look like?
output: It shows up as patches of red or dry skin. The skin is almost always itchy and rough, too. Babies can get the condition just about anywhere on their body. Most often, it affects their cheeks and the joints of their arms and legs.
system: How can you treat baby eczema with moisturizers?
output: One with ceramides is the best option. These are available over the counter and by prescription. Otherwise, a good moisturizer, fragrance-free cream, or ointment such as petroleum jelly, when used several times daily, will help your baby's skin retain its natural moisture. Apply immediately after a bath.
system: How can you treat baby eczema by dressing your child?
output: To avoid the irritation of clothing rubbing on the skin, your child should wear loose clothes made of cotton. Always wash new clothes before you put them on your baby. Use a mild, fragrance-free detergent. To keep your little one comfy, don't overdress her or use too many blankets. If she gets hot and sweaty, that can trigger an eczema flare.
system: How can you treat baby eczema with mild, unscented, laundry soaps?
output: Think scratchy wool clothes, polyester, perfumes, body soaps, and laundry soaps. Perfumed, deodorant, and antibacterial soaps can be rough on a baby's sensitive skin.
system: What can make eczema worse?
output: Not sure if your baby's itchy, irritated rash is eczema? But there are some common eczema triggers to avoid, including: Dry skin . It can make a baby more itchy. Low humidity, especially during winter when homes are well-heated and the air is dry, is a cause. Irritants. Think scratchy wool clothes, polyester, perfumes, body soaps, and laundry soaps. These can all trigger symptoms. Stress. Children with eczema may react to stress by flushing. That can lead to itchy, irritated skin. And that, in turn, ramps up their eczema symptoms. Heat and sweat. Both can make the itch of infant eczema worse. Allergens. It's not certain, but some experts believe that removing cow's milk, peanuts, eggs, or certain fruits from a child's food may help control eczema symptoms. Remember that your baby can get exposed to these foods if her mother eats them before she breastfeeds.