laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What type of grass can trigger summer allergies?
output: Those most likely to make you sneeze or sniffle include: Weeds Ragweed Cockleweed Pigweed Russian thistle Sagebrush Tumbleweed Grasses Bermuda Blue grasses Orchard Red top Sweet vernal Timothy Ragweed is one of the most common summer allergy triggers. It can travel for hundreds of miles on the wind. So even if it doesn't grow where you live, it can make you feel bad if you're allergic to it.
system: What type of weeds can trigger summer allergies?
output: Those most likely to make you sneeze or sniffle include: Weeds Ragweed Cockleweed Pigweed Russian thistle Sagebrush Tumbleweed Grasses Bermuda Blue grasses Orchard Red top Sweet vernal Timothy Ragweed is one of the most common summer allergy triggers.
system: Can you prevent breast cancer?
output: While there is no definitive way to prevent breast cancer, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk: Maintain a healthy weight. Be physically active and get at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise five or more days per week. Eat a healthy diet with at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily; limit the amount of processed meat and red meat eaten. Women should drink no more than one alcoholic beverage daily (men should drink no more than two alcoholic beverages daily).
system: Does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increase the risk of breast cancer?
output: Other risk factors include: Having cancer in one breast (may recur or develop in other) Having a history of ovarian, uterine, or colon cancer Having a genetic abnormality such as a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation Late menopause (after age 55) Starting menstruation early in life (before age 12) Having a first child after age 30 Never having children Being overweight or obese after menopause Evidence suggests that the longer a woman is exposed to female hormones (either made by the body, taken as a drug, or delivered by a patch), the more likely she is to develop breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy may be given to postmenopausal women who have menopausal symptoms. The longer a woman is on HRT with a combination of estrogen and progestin, the greater her chances may be of being diagnosed with breast cancer. It is unclear if HRT with estrogen alone, which is sometimes prescribed for women who have had a hysterectomy, increases the risk of breast cancer.
system: What are the the risk factors associated with breast cancer?
output: Certain factors increase the risk of developing breast cancer. However, having many risk factors does not mean a woman will develop breast cancer, and having no risk factors does not mean she will not develop the disease. Age is the single-most important risk factor for breast cancer. The chances of developing the disease increase with age. About 95% of women diagnosed with breast cancer each year are over age 40, and about half are age 61 and older. Personal risk is also greater if an immediate family member (mother, sister, or daughter) has had breast cancer, particularly if it was at an early age. Also, women who have had a breast biopsy (removal of breast tissue) that shows certain types of benign disease, such as atypical hyperplasia, are more likely to get breast cancer.
system: What are some other risk factors for breast cancer?
output: Other risk factors include: Having cancer in one breast (may recur or develop in other) Having a history of ovarian, uterine, or colon cancer Having a genetic abnormality such as a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation Late menopause (after age 55) Starting menstruation early in life (before age 12) Having a first child after age 30 Never having children Being overweight or obese after menopause Evidence suggests that the longer a woman is exposed to female hormones (either made by the body, taken as a drug, or delivered by a patch), the more likely she is to develop breast cancer.
system: What is the link between menopause and breast cancer?
output: However, the rates of many cancers, including breast cancer, do increase with age. In addition, some of the drugs used to manage menopausal symptoms may increase or decrease a person's cancer risk. Certain factors increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
system: How often should you get a breast exam?
output: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ( ACOG) recommends that women in their 20s and 30s have a health care provider perform a breast exam every one to three years and then every year once they turn 40. The ACS states that research has not shown a clear benefit of performing regular breast self-exams. Women who choose to perform breast self-exams should have their technique reviewed during an exam by a healthcare provider. Any change in their breasts noted on breast self-exams should be reported promptly to a doctor. Women who are considered to have an increased risk for breast cancer may benefit from getting a yearly MRI of their breasts along with their yearly mammogram. Three-dimensional mammography may also be an option for some women. To find out if you are at increased risk for breast cancer, consult your doctor.
system: How is breast cancer detected and diagnosed?
output: The chances of developing the disease increase with age. Many breast cancer experts, including the American Cancer Society, recommend beginning routine screening for breast cancer with a mammogram at age 45. Others suggest waiting till age 50. Your doctor may recommend starting earlier than age 45, depending on your individual risk factors. The purpose of a mammogram is to find abnormalities that are too small to be seen or felt. However, mammograms will not detect all breast cancers, which is why physical breast exams are very important.
system: How can dopaminergic agents help with treating periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
output: Dopaminergic agents: These drugs increased the levels of an important neurotransmitter (brain chemical) called dopamine, which is important in regulating muscle movements. These medications seem to improve the condition in some people but not in others. Widely used examples are a levodopa/carbidopa combination ( Sinemet) and pergolide ( Permax).
system: How can gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists help with treating periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
output: GABA agonists: These agents inhibit release of certain neurotransmitters that stimulate muscle contractions. The result is relaxation of contractions. The most widely used of these agents in PLMD is baclofen ( Lioresal).
system: How can you tell if you have fatty acid imbalance relative to breast pain?
output: These acids are found in vegetable and animals oils. If there's an imbalance of them in your cells, your breasts can be more sensitive to hormones. To reduce your symptoms, try cutting down the fat in your diet. Your doctor might also recommend a diet high in complex carbs. Some doctors think taking evening primrose oil helps correct fatty acid imbalances, too.
system: How can you tell if you have extramammary breast pain?
output: Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts. But it's actually radiating from somewhere else, often the chest wall. Usually, the pain gets better with rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory meds ( NSAIDs), and sometimes cortisone injections. If you strain your pectoralis major muscle (that's located beneath and around your breasts) it also can feel like your breasts are the source of the pain. This can result from activities like lifting, raking, and shoveling.
system: What are the signs of cyclical breast pain?
output: Your breast pain is likely cyclical -- meaning it's linked to your reproductive cycle -- if you have some of these signs: The pain feels achy and heavy Your breasts swell or seem lumpy Both breasts are affected, mainly the upper and outer areas. Sometimes, the pain can radiate to your armpits Symptoms get worse during the 2 weeks before your period, then improve afterward You're in your childbearing years (around your 20s and 30s), or you're approaching menopause To help ease cyclical breast pain, your doctor might recommend you take oral contraceptives, or she may tweak the dosage you already take. She might also suggest you cut back on caffeine, or try over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen sodium.
system: How can you tell if you have noncyclical breast pain?
output: Breast pain also can be triggered by reasons other than hormones. Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts.
system: Why do my breasts hurt?
output: It can be troubling, too -- it's very common to wonder if what you're feeling might be a sign of breast cancer. Doctors call breast pain âmastalgia.â It's important to track the cause of it. But know that pain in either or both of your breasts in itself isn't a sign of breast cancer. Breast tenderness and other discomfort can happen for lots of different reasons. Yours might be linked to another issue if: Your pain feels like soreness, burning, or tightness Discomfort is constant (or unpredictable) Pain seems to affect one breast in a particular area You've passed menopause This pain feels like it's coming from your breasts.
system: How can you tell if you have support issues relative to breast pain?
output: Fibrous tissue (breast tissue that's scar-like or ropey) and cysts (fluid-filled sacs) form in your breasts. Certain prescription meds, as well as hormone medications, can cause breast pain. Reduction surgery can help, but it, too, can cause pain if tissue is damaged during the operation. A supportive, sturdy bra can help keep your breasts in place. Wearing a sports bra to bed and when exercising can also help.
system: What hormone levels trigger breast pain?
output: Doctors aren't sure what triggers breast pain. It can happen at different times in your reproductive life, such as during: Puberty Your monthly period or when you have premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Pregnancy, usually in the first trimester Breastfeeding. Sometimes a blocked milk duct can get infected, a painful condition called mastitis. It needs to be treated immediately, usually with antibiotics. Menopause This is likely linked to hormones, as well. If there's an imbalance of them in your cells, your breasts can be more sensitive to hormones.
system: How can trauma and infection affect the body?
output: Infections tend to become walled off from surrounding tissue, producing small abscesses. This may give them the appearance of cysts. If you think you have an infection, see your doctor. Your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics, although many times the infection will come back and may require the removal of the infected tissue. Cysts may produce pain, but breast cancer rarely does -- although pain does not rule out the possibility of cancer.
system: What are breast lumps?
output: Breast lumps come in many forms, including cysts, adenomas, and papillomas. They differ in size, shape, and location, as well as in causes and treatment. About half of all women have lumpy breasts, or fibrocystic change. They are more common during the premenstrual period and usually disappear after menopause. Most lumps are benign and do not signal cancer; however, any time you find a new or unusual lump, have your doctor check it to make sure it is not precancerous or cancerous.
system: How does sarcoidosis usually progress?
output: Usually, patients who experience more generalized symptoms, such as weight loss and fatigue, develop a mild form of the disease. Patients suffering from shortness of breath and skin rashes may develop more chronic, severe sarcoidosis. Race also seems to play a role; Caucasians are more likely to develop a mild form of the disease, while African- Americans tend to develop the more chronic, severe form.
system: When should I call my doctor about sarcoidosis?
output: You have a cough that won't go away You develop a sudden, unexplained skin rash You experience sudden, unexplained weight loss You experience chronic fatigue or don't feel well
system: What is a VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery) lobectomy?
output: Your surgeon does this operation through two to four small cuts in the side of your chest, one about 2 ½ inches long, and the others about a half-inch long. He uses a tube with a tiny video camera to see inside and guide his tools. Unlike open surgery, you don't get a big cut in your chest, so you're likely to heal faster with less pain.
system: What is a robotic surgery lobectomy?
output: Your surgeon sits at a console next to you and controls robotic arms that do the operation. The procedure uses three or four half-inch cuts between your ribs, so you may have less bleeding, a lower chance of infection, and a faster recovery.
system: How do I prepare for a lobectomy?
output: Your doctor will ask you to take tests that check the health of your lungs. Based on the results, he may suggest a program to improve your breathing, called pulmonary rehabilitation, before your operation. You may have more of this rehab or physical therapy after your surgery, too. Your doctor will also ask you to: Stop smoking at least a month before surgery. If you smoke, you won't heal quickly, and you'll be more likely to have problems after the operation. Exercise every day. It helps your lungs work better. Stop taking medicines that thin your blood, like aspirin.
system: What happens in a lobectomy?
output: Doctors can do the surgery in a few different ways. The one that's right for you depends on the type and location of your lung problem as well as your overall health.
system: What are the risks of lobectomy?
output: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things.
system: What is an open surgery lobectomy?
output: The types include: Open surgery, called a thoracotomy. Your surgeon makes a long cut along the side of your chest. He spreads your ribs apart so he can easily see and remove the affected lobe of your lung.
system: What are the risks of a lobectomy?
output: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. Be sure to talk to your doctor about the risks that might affect you.
system: How do you prepare for a lobectomy?
output: Your doctor will ask you to take tests that check the health of your lungs. Based on the results, he may suggest a program to improve your breathing, called pulmonary rehabilitation, before your operation. You may have more of this rehab or physical therapy after your surgery, too. Your doctor will also ask you to: Stop smoking at least a month before surgery. If you smoke, you won't heal quickly, and you'll be more likely to have problems after the operation. Exercise every day. It helps your lungs work better. Stop taking medicines that thin your blood, like aspirin.
system: What does a lobectomy accomplish?
output: The surgery may also help people who have other diseases in one part of their lungs, like: Tuberculosis Emphysema Tumors that aren't cancer Fungal infections Pus that fills one area, called an abscess When you have the damaged lobe removed, other parts of your lungs expand, making it easier to breathe.
system: What are the chances of complications after a lobectomy?
output: A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. Be sure to talk to your doctor about the risks that might affect you.
system: What is the recovery procedure for a lobectomy?
output: If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital. You'll go home sooner if you have VATS or robotic surgery. Other things to think about: Pain . Most people have some discomfort the first few months after surgery. You'll get pain pills when you leave the hospital, but you'll need them less over time. Warm showers are a good way to ease muscle soreness. Fatigue. You'll feel tired and out of breath at first. That's normal and should get better in a few weeks. Constipation. Pain pills and not moving much can cause this problem. Things should return to normal when you stop taking pain medicine. In the meantime, be sure to take the laxatives and stool softeners your doctor prescribes. Exercise. You'll need to walk every day to regain your strength and keep your lungs healthy and clear.
system: Why would you need a lobectomy?
output: It's usually the main treatment for people with the early stages of lung cancer, when there's a tumor in just one part of the lung. In that case, a lobectomy offers the best chance for a cure and may be the only treatment you need. But it doesn't help when cancer has spread to your whole lung or to other parts of your body. The surgery may also help people who have other diseases in one part of their lungs, like: Tuberculosis Emphysema Tumors that aren't cancer Fungal infections Pus that fills one area, called an abscess When you have the damaged lobe removed, other parts of your lungs expand, making it easier to breathe.
system: What's recovery like from a lobectomy?
output: If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital. You'll go home sooner if you have VATS or robotic surgery. Other things to think about: Pain . You'll get pain pills when you leave the hospital, but you'll need them less over time. Warm showers are a good way to ease muscle soreness. You'll feel tired and out of breath at first. That's normal and should get better in a few weeks. Pain pills and not moving much can cause this problem. Things should return to normal when you stop taking pain medicine. In the meantime, be sure to take the laxatives and stool softeners your doctor prescribes. You'll need to walk every day to regain your strength and keep your lungs healthy and clear.
system: What is a lobectomy?
output: Your lungs are made up of five sections called lobes. A lobectomy removes one of these lobes. After the surgery, your healthy tissue makes up for the missing section, so your lungs should work as well or better than they did before. A lobectomy is a major surgery and it has some risks, such as: Infection A collapsed lung, which prevents your lung from filling with air when you breathe in Air or fluid leaking into your chest Pus that forms in the space between your lungs and the wall of your chest Your chances of having problems after a lobectomy depend on how healthy you are overall, among other things. If you have open surgery, you may spend up to a week in the hospital.
system: What cancer causes the most deaths in women in the United States?
output: Lung cancer has surpassed breast cancer as the cause of most cancer-related deaths in men and women in the U. S.
system: How common is lung cancer?
output: Lung cancer is responsible for the most cancer-related deaths for both men and women throughout the world. The American Cancer Society estimated that about 234,030 new cases of lung cancer would be diagnosed and about 154,050 deaths due to lung cancer would occur in 2018.
system: What factors led to the increased prevalence of lung cancer?
output: The American Cancer Society estimated that about 234,030 new cases of lung cancer would be diagnosed and about 154,050 deaths due to lung cancer would occur in 2018. Not counting skin cancer, it is the second most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the US.
system: What are symptoms of esophagitis?
output: Irritation leading to esophagitis may be caused by any of the following: GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease Vomiting Surgery Medications such as aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs Taking a large pill with too little water or just before bedtime Swallowing a toxic substance Hernias Radiation injury as can occur following radiation treatment for cancer Symptoms of esophagitis include: Difficult and/or painful swallowing Heartburn A feeling of something of being stuck in the throat Chest pain Nausea Vomiting If you have any of these symptoms, you should contact your health care provider as soon as possible.
system: What infections cause esophagitis?
output: This is a yeast infection of the esophagus caused by the same fungus that causes vaginal yeast infections. The infection develops in the esophagus when the body's immune system is weak, such as in people with diabetes or HIV.
system: How is esophagitis diagnosed?
output: A test in which a long, flexible lighted tube, called an endoscope, is used to view the esophagus. Biopsy. During this test, a small sample of the esophageal tissue is removed and then sent to a laboratory to be examined under a microscope. Upper GI series (or barium swallow) . During this procedure, X-rays are taken of the esophagus after drinking a barium solution.
system: How is esophagitis treated?
output: Possible treatments include: Medications that block acid production such as heartburn drugs Antibiotics, anti-fungals, or antivirals to treat an infection Pain medications that can be gargled or swallowed Corticosteroid medication to reduce inflammation Intravenous (by vein) nutrition to allow the esophagus to heal and to prevent dehydration and malnutrition Endoscopy to remove any lodged pill fragments Surgery to remove the damaged part of the esophagus While being treated for esophagitis, there are certain steps you can take to limit or reduce discomfort: Avoid spicy foods such as those with pepper, chili powder, curry, and nutmeg.
system: Does your doctor need to know about any supplements you take if you're going to have aortic valve replacement surgery?
output: To make sure you're healthy enough for surgery, you'll get: Blood and urine tests Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram ( EKG) Physical exam Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you take, including: Vitamins Herbal or natural medicines Drugs you buy âover the counterâ (meaning that they don't need a prescription) Prescription medicines You may need to stop taking certain ones before surgery.
system: What does the aortic valve do?
output: When this valve opens, blood goes from your heart into your aorta (the largest artery in your body) and on to the rest of your body. When your aortic valve closes, it keeps blood from flowing the wrong way back into your heart. This cycle repeats with every heartbeat. If certain things go wrong with that valve, your doctor may recommend that you have surgery to replace it.
system: What are biological valves for aortic valve replacement?
output: Biological valves come from animal tissue. They last 10-20 years. That's not as long as mechanical valves, but they don't lead to clots and you won't need blood thinners. You and your doctor should talk about the pros and cons of each type, and what's best for you.