laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How do bones and teeth use calcium?
output: Calcium is probably best known for strengthening bones and teeth. In fact, most of the calcium in our bodies is stored in the bones and teeth. As bones undergo their regular process of breakdown and remodeling, calcium helps build new bone, especially during growth and development.
system: What is the recommended daily dietary allowances for calcium in different age groups?
output: How much calcium you need depends on your age and gender. The recommended daily dietary allowances for calcium are: Age Male Female 1-3 years 700 mg 700 mg 4-8 years 1,000 mg 1,000 mg 9-13 years 1,300 mg 1,300 mg 14-18 years 1,300 mg 1,300 mg 19-50 years 1,000 mg 1,000 mg 51-70 years 1,000 mg 1,200 mg 71+ years 1,200 mg 1,200 mg Getting much more than the recommended amount of calcium from food and supplements increases the risk of side effects, so it's best to avoid taking too much.
system: What do you need to avoid when you take calcium supplements?
output: Avoid eating these foods when you take your supplement, because they can interfere with calcium absorption: Caffeinated coffee and soda High-salt foods Before taking calcium supplements, you need to be aware of the side effects of high calcium intake, which include: Constipation Gas or bloating Risk of kidney stones Calcium can also decrease absorption of some medications, including osteoporosis medicines, thyroid medicines, and some antibiotics.
system: How do steroid nasal sprays help relieve allergy?
output: With allergies, your nasal passages and sinuses get inflamed when you come in contact with things like pollen, animal dander, or dust mites. These sprays can make you start to feel better and are often the first treatment recommended by doctors. Nasal steroid sprays start working within a few hours but may take several days or weeks to take full effect. Make sure you use it every day.
system: What are the odds of passing allergy to your child?
output: It's more likely. If one parent has allergies, the child has a 50% chance of having them. If both parents have allergies, the odds are higher.
system: What will my doctor do to relieve my allergy?
output: First she'll figure out what you're allergic to. She'll examine you and ask for your medical history and your family's allergy history. Then she may do a series of skin or blood tests to see what you have a reaction to. That'll help decide which treatment you should take. Or she may suggest a medicine that can help no matter what you're allergic to. They can often help with reactions to pollen, dust, perfumes, plants, or animal dander.
system: What can your prostate-specific antigen levels show?
output: If you choose a watchful waiting approach to treatment, your PSA level can tell your doctor if the disease is progressing. If so, you'll need to think about active treatment. During hormone therapy, the PSA level can show how well the treatment is working and when it's time to try another treatment.
system: What is a urine PCA3 test?
output: This urine test looks for a mix of genes that shows up in 50% of PSA-tested men with prostate cancer. It's another tool to decide if you need a biopsy.
system: Are there alternatives to prostate-specific antigen testing?
output: Newer PSA tests may help the doctor decide if you need a biopsy. But know that doctors don't always agree on how to use or understand the results of these tests.
system: What can affect your prostate-specific antigen levels?
output: Other things can affect your PSA level: Age. Your PSA will normally go up slowly as you get older, even if you have no prostate problems. Medications . Some drugs may affect blood PSA levels. Tell your doctor if you're taking dutasteride ( Avodart) or finasteride ( Propecia or Proscar). These drugs may falsely lower PSA levels by half of what they should be.
system: What is a prostate-specific antigen velocity test?
output: The PSA velocity isn't a separate test. Instead, it's a measure of the change in your PSA levels over time. Even when the total PSA value isn't higher than 4, a high PSA velocity (a rise of more than 0.75 ng/m L in 1 year) means you might have cancer and should consider a biopsy.
system: When should you have your prostate-specific antigen levels tested?
output: Prostate-specific antigen ( PSA) is something made by the prostate gland. The first thing to do is talk to your doctor about the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening before you decide whether to be tested. The American Cancer Society says to get tested at age: 40 or 45 if you're at high risk 50 if you're at average risk The American Urological Association suggests: Under 40: No screening 40 to 54: No screening if you're at average risk. 55 to 69: Screening if your doctor suggests Over 70 or less than a 10-15 year life expectancy: No screening The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force says: 55 to 69: Men with prostate cancer risks may need testing.
system: What should you know about the prostate-specific antigen blood test?
output: There's no such thing as a normal PSA for any man at any given age, but most men with prostate cancer have a higher than normal level. If your PSA level is high, your doctor may suggest that you get a prostate biopsy to test for cancer. The amount of free PSA is lower in men with prostate cancer. Instead, it's a measure of the change in your PSA levels over time. There are reasons doctors don't agree on whether you need this test: Finding prostate cancer early doesn't always protect you.
system: What prostate-specific antigen level is a concern for prostate cancer?
output: There's no such thing as a normal PSA for any man at any given age, but most men with prostate cancer have a higher than normal level. In general: Safe: 0 to 2.5 ng/m L Safe for most: 2.6 to 4 ng/m L. Talk with your doctor about other risk factors Suspicious: 4 to 10 ng/m L. There's a 25% chance you have prostate cancer. There's a 50% chance you have prostate cancer. If your PSA results are in the borderline range (4 to 10), a low percent-free PSA (less than 10%) means there's about a 50% chance you have prostate cancer.
system: When should you go to your doctor about vision problems?
output: A good rule of thumb: Go to the doctor if you have any unusual: Redness Irritation Pain Discharge Vision changes
system: When should you call your doctor about vision problems?
output: Call the doctor about vision problems if you: Have symptoms of retinal detachment such as floaters or flashes of light in your vision. You need immediate treatment to save vision in that eye. Feel like a dark curtain covers part of your side vision. Call right away to rule out other serious causes of this problem, like stroke. Become unusually sensitive to bright light. You may have inflammation inside your eye (iritis/uveitis). Have a foreign object in your eye that won't come out with water. If you don't treat it, you could scar your eye or get an infection. Have discomfort when you wear contacts or have pain that won't go away even after you take the contact out. You may have a scratch, inflamed cornea (the doctor will call this keratitis), or a corneal ulcer. Get an eye injury that affects your vision. You might have internal bleeding or a fracture of the bone around your eye. This is a medical emergency.
system: What are the symptoms of strabismus?
output: Symptoms include: Hazy vision that might be worse in bright light Weaker vision at night, particularly when driving; trouble seeing movement, details, or objects (especially street signs) Blinding or uncomfortable glare from automobile headlights or bright sunlight A need for brighter light for reading Colors look faded or yellow Double or triple vision (images overlap) in one eye only A normally dark pupil looks milky white or opaque (advanced cases) Painful inflammation and pressure within the eye (very advanced case) Strabismus: Your eyes don't move together as they should. Both eyes or just one could be crossed inward or outward. A child who has it may rub one or both eyes often. She could also squint, tilt her head, or close one eye to see things better.
system: What are the symptoms of macular degeneration?
output: Macular degeneration : Dim or wavy vision, especially when you read. Straight lines often look crooked. Gradual, painless loss of precise central vision. Blank spots in your central field of vision.
system: What are the symptoms of acute glaucoma?
output: Acute glaucoma: A sudden onset of severe throbbing eye pain, headaches, blurred vision, rainbow halos around lights, red eyes, nausea, and vomiting. It's a medical emergency.
system: When should I go to the doctor for vision problems?
output: A good rule of thumb: Go to the doctor if you have any unusual: Redness Irritation Pain Discharge Vision changes
system: What are the symptoms of night blindness?
output: Night blindness : It's hard to see objects in dim light.
system: When should I call the doctor about vision problems?
output: Call the doctor about vision problems if you: Have symptoms of retinal detachment such as floaters or flashes of light in your vision. You need immediate treatment to save vision in that eye. Feel like a dark curtain covers part of your side vision. Call right away to rule out other serious causes of this problem, like stroke. Become unusually sensitive to bright light. You may have inflammation inside your eye (iritis/uveitis). Have a foreign object in your eye that won't come out with water. If you don't treat it, you could scar your eye or get an infection. Have discomfort when you wear contacts or have pain that won't go away even after you take the contact out. You may have a scratch, inflamed cornea (the doctor will call this keratitis), or a corneal ulcer. Get an eye injury that affects your vision. You might have internal bleeding or a fracture of the bone around your eye. This is a medical emergency.
system: What are the symptoms of color blindness?
output: Color blindness : You have trouble with shades or intensity of colors. Because it's all about perception, you may not know there's a problem until the doctor finds it. This genetic condition mainly affects men.
system: What is the first symptom of cataracts?
output: Cataracts : Because they develop slowly, your first symptom may be trouble with the vision test for your driver's license renewal. Or your doctor could spot it during a routine eye exam.
system: What are the symptoms of farsightedness?
output: Farsightedness : Blurry vision when you look at close up objects. Near and far objects may both look fuzzy. The doctor will say you have hyperopia.
system: What are the symptoms of congenital glaucoma?
output: Congenital glaucoma: This type affects infants. You'll notice teary or cloudy eyes, unusual sensitivity to light, and enlarged corneas. It can affect one or both eyes.
system: What can make acne worse?
output: Though acne is essentially a normal physiologic occurrence, certain conditions may aggravate the condition, including: Fluctuating hormone levels around the time of menses (women) Manipulating (picking/prodding) acne lesions Clothing (for example, hats and sports helmets) and headgear Only three types of drugs have proven to be effective for the treatment of acne -- antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids.
system: What are the forms of acne?
output: Retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), for example, Differin, Retin- A, Tazorac, treat blackheads and whiteheads, the first lesions of acne.
system: How can acne be prevented?
output: To prevent acne and reduce its damage to your skin, follow these tips. Choose a cleanser specially formulated for acne. These products often contain salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide, which help to clear acne sores. Clean your face gently, as trauma to the acne breakouts may worsen the acne or cause scarring. When washing your face, use your hands or cotton pads, as any terrycloth or other scrubbing material may cause acne sores to rupture. If you need to use a moisturizer, use only light, noncomedogenic moisturizers, which do not aggravate acne. If you are a woman, use an oil-free foundation. Heavy makeup or other cosmetic products that block pores may cause a flare-up of acne.
system: Can antibiotics help acne?
output: Antibiotics , either topically applied to the skin (clindamycin, erythromycin), or taken orally (tetracycline and its derivatives, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) control surface bacteria and reduce inflammation in the skin. Antibiotics are more effective when combined with benzoyl peroxide or retinoids.
system: Are there drugs that can help acne?
output: Though acne is essentially a normal physiologic occurrence, certain conditions may aggravate the condition, including: Fluctuating hormone levels around the time of menses (women) Manipulating (picking/prodding) acne lesions Clothing (for example, hats and sports helmets) and headgear Only three types of drugs have proven to be effective for the treatment of acne -- antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids. Most people require at least one or two agents, depending on the severity of their acne.
system: What is benzoyl peroxide?
output: Irritation (dryness) is a common side effect. While most are prescription only, there is an over-the-counter version of Differin now available.
system: What are retinoids?
output: Acne lesions include whiteheads, blackheads, small bumps, and nodules and cysts. The most common side effect is irritation. While most are prescription only, there is an over-the-counter version of Differin now available.
system: What is acne and how severe can it be?
output: Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Acne lesions include whiteheads, blackheads, small bumps, and nodules and cysts. The most common side effect is irritation.
system: Can hormone therapy help acne?
output: Though acne is essentially a normal physiologic occurrence, certain conditions may aggravate the condition, including: Fluctuating hormone levels around the time of menses (women) Manipulating (picking/prodding) acne lesions Clothing (for example, hats and sports helmets) and headgear Only three types of drugs have proven to be effective for the treatment of acne -- antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoids. The hormone therapy consists of low-dose estrogen and progesterone (birth control pills) or anti-androgen medications (spironolactone).
system: When should I have someone call 911 when I'm giving CPR?
output: Collapses Becomes unresponsive Tap the person's shoulder and shout, " Are you OK?"
system: What can you do to control both psoriasis and diabetes?
output: Some lifestyle changes can help you control both your psoriasis and diabetes.
system: How can asking questions help with psoriasis and diabetes?
output: Learn about the drugs you take, their side effects, and how long you'll need to be on them. If you don't understand something or have concerns about anything, ask your doctor.
system: How can treatments for psoriasis affect diabetes?
output: In some cases, she may be able to give you medicine that helps keep both health issues in check. For instance, some people who take a type 2 diabetes drug called a glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) notice that their skin gets better. This may be because it slows down your immune system. That helps ease inflammation throughout your body. On the other hand, some drugs that treat psoriasis can raise your blood sugar and make your diabetes harder to control. That means your doctor probably won't give you corticosteroids (steroids) or cyclosporine, which are both used to calm inflammation.
system: How can eating healthily help with psoriasis and diabetes?
output: Certain foods like fruits, veggies, and whole grains can help control your diabetes and psoriasis. Others (like sugary treats and alcohol) will make them worse. Ask a dietitian or nutritionist to help you plan healthy meals.
system: How can working as a team help with psoriasis and diabetes?
output: Find health care providers you trust and make sure they talk to one another to give you the care you need. If you don't understand something or have concerns about anything, ask your doctor.
system: What are flu epidemics or pandemics?
output: Outbreaks are grouped in two ways: Epidemics happen in a set area. Pandemics take place on a worldwide scale. The CDC says winter flu epidemics affect 300,000 to 600,000 people each year. About 200,000 people wind up in the hospital and between 3,000 and 49,000 don't survive.
system: How can I avoid getting the flu?
output: Wash them often to remove germs. And get a flu shot. The CDC makes a flu vaccine based on the type A strain that it believes will be most prevalent in the coming flu season.
system: What causes the flu?
output: This illness is different from a cold. While more than 100 different viruses can cause a cold, only influenza virus types A, B, and C cause the flu. Type A and B viruses cause the large seasonal outbreaks. Type C usually causes milder respiratory symptoms. While the flu vaccine can help protect you from types A and B, there is no immunization for type C virus.
system: How long am I contagious if I have the flu?
output: You can spread the flu 7 days after symptoms start. The virus can live in your mucus and spit up to 24 hours before you start to feel bad. This means you might give it to someone else a full day before your symptoms begin. Young children can still spread the flu even into the second week of illness.
system: Why is the flu more common in the winter?
output: Many things may play a role: The virus lives longer indoors in winter, because the air is less humid than outside. While it's alive and in the air, it's easy for people to inhale it, or for it to land on the eyes, nose, or mouth. We spend more time indoors and have closer contact with each other, which makes it easier for the virus to spread.
system: Can animals get flu viruses?
output: Type A flu viruses are also found in many different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses, and seals. Type B viruses only affect people.
system: Can icing your neck help with whiplash?
output: To help with recovery, you should: Ice your neck to reduce pain and swelling as soon as you can after the injury. Do it for 15 minutes every 3-4 hours for 2-3 days. Wrap the ice in a thin towel or cloth to prevent injury to the skin.
system: How are neck strains and neck sprains different?
output: Neck strains are caused by damage to the muscle or the tendons, bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Neck sprains are caused by tearing of the ligaments, the tissues that connect the bones to each other. However, the differences between these strains and sprains probably won't mean much to you. The causes, symptoms, and treatment of neck sprains and neck strains are usually the same.
system: Can you get a concussion from whiplash?
output: The blow that causes neck strain can sometimes cause a concussion, too. Since concussions can be serious, you need to see a doctor right away. You need emergency medical care if you have a headache that worsens or persists, have weakness or trouble talking, or are confused, dizzy, nauseous, excessively sleepy, or unconscious.
system: What are the symptoms of whiplash?
output: The symptoms may include: Pain, decreased range of motion, and tightness in the neck. The muscles may feel hard or knotted. Pain when rocking your head from side to side or backward and forward. Pain or stiffness when moving your head to look over each shoulder. Tenderness. Headaches at the base of the skull that radiate towards the forehead. Sometimes, the pain of a neck strain is immediate. In other cases, it can take several hours or days before your neck begins to hurt.
system: What are neck strains?
output: Neck strain is often just called whiplash. Although it's usually associated with car accidents, any impact or blow that causes your head to jerk forward or backward can cause neck strain. The sudden force stretches and tears the muscles and tendons in your neck. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Neck strain afflicts many amateur and professional athletes. People who play contact sports like football are especially prone to neck strain.
system: Can you prevent whiplash?
output: There's not much you can do to prevent whiplash caused by an accident, of course. But there are some things you can do to improve your odds: Practice strengthening exercises to keep your neck muscles strong and limber, especially if you have had neck strain before. People who sit in the same position all day, like office workers, should take regular breaks to stretch and exercise their necks.
system: How long does it take for whiplash to get better?
output: Recovery time depends on how serious your whiplash is. Most cases resolve in a few days. But other neck strains may take weeks or longer to heal. Remember that everyone heals at a different rate. Once the acute symptoms of neck strain are gone, your doctor will probably want you to start rehabilitation. This will make your neck muscles stronger and more limber. It will help you both recover and reduce the odds of straining your neck again in the future. Do not try to return to your previous level of physical activity until you can: Look over both shoulders without pain or stiffness Rock your head all the way forward and all the way back without pain or stiffness Rock your head from side to side without pain or stiffness If you start pushing yourself before your neck strain is healed, you could end up with chronic neck pain and permanent injury.
system: How do you treat whiplash?
output: To help with recovery, you should: Ice your neck to reduce pain and swelling as soon as you can after the injury. Do it for 15 minutes every 3-4 hours for 2-3 days. Wrap the ice in a thin towel or cloth to prevent injury to the skin. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) or naproxen ( Aleve), will help with pain and swelling. If over the counter medications do not work, prescription painkillers and muscle relaxants may be necessary. Use a neck brace or collar to add support, if your doctor recommends it. However, they are not recommended for long-term use, because they can actually weaken the muscles in your neck. Use heat on your neck only after the initial swelling has gone down. You could use warm, wet towels or take a warm bath.
system: What are tips to prevent asthma when Iâm outdoors?
output: Try to avoid extreme temperature changes -- they are causes of asthma for some people with asthma. To protect yourself from insect stings, wear shoes, long pants and sleeves, and do not wear scented deodorants, perfumes, shampoos, or hair products.
system: How can I prevent an allergic asthma reaction to insects?
output: Many homes and apartments have cockroaches and other insects. Some people with asthma are allergic to a protein in their droppings. To prevent an allergic asthma reaction, try the following steps to control insects in your home: Use roach baits or traps. Insect sprays can be used but should only be sprayed when no one is at home. Before you or your child returns home after spraying, make sure that your home has been aired out for a couple of hours. Because cockroaches survive in high-humid environments, fix water leaks in and around your home. Cover food in lid containers and clean dishes after eating and sweep floors after you have eaten.