laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the treatments for a hernia?
output: In babies, umbilical hernias may heal themselves within four years, making surgery unnecessary. For all others, the standard treatment is conventional hernia-repair surgery (called herniorrhaphy).
system: How can talking to your co-workers help you stay connected when you have depression?
output: The decision to open up to them or to your boss about your depression is a complicated one. It's your choice. Legally you don't have to tell them anything you don't want to. But some people find that telling certain people at work can be a relief. Your colleagues or employer may have been confused or concerned about your behavior when you were depressed. You might put them at ease if you feel comfortable explaining the situation to them. And you might feel a lot better knowing that you have support at the office.
system: How can joining a support group help you stay connected when you have depression?
output: Some may have their own beliefs about depression that can keep them from giving you the support you need. If that's the case, think about joining a support group. That way you can meet and talk to people who've had depression and know what it's like. These connections can help you see that you aren't alone. Ask your doctor or therapist for the names of groups in your area or for some that meet online. Or get in touch with organizations like the National Alliance on Mental Illness or the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. You don't need to tell any new friends about what you've been through.
system: How can I start a heart-healthy diet and exercise plan in my 20s and 30s?
output: Eating right and keeping active are the gifts that keep on giving. If you set up these habits now, the benefits will last a lifetime. And if you plan on having children someday, it's a good idea to take a multivitamin that gives you plenty of folic acid -- between 400 and 800 micrograms a day. Start taking folic acid at least 1 month before you plan to get pregnant, and keep it up during your first trimester. Take an HIV test at least once, more often if you're at risk.
system: What should you do if you have stomach pain from opioids?
output: It's common for people to have nausea or vomiting when they start taking opioids. Some stop taking their medicine rather than have the nausea. Talk to your doctor before making that decision. He or she may recommend an over-the-counter product or prescribe a drug along with the opioids that helps to fight nausea. Ask your doctor if these could help.
system: What can I do about fatigue with colorectal cancer?
output: Depression The best way to combat fatigue while also battling colorectal cancer is to treat the underlying medical cause. Unfortunately, the exact cause is often unknown, or there may be multiple causes. There are some treatments that may help improve fatigue caused by an under-active thyroid or anemia. Other causes of fatigue must be managed on an individual basis.
system: How can you assess your colorectal cancer fatigue?
output: Keep a diary for one week to identify the time of day when you are either most fatigued or have the most energy. Note what you think may be contributing factors. Be alert to your personal warning signs of fatigue. Fatigue warning signs may include tired eyes, tired legs, whole-body tiredness, stiff shoulders, decreased energy or a lack of energy, inability to concentrate, weakness or malaise, boredom or lack of motivation, sleepiness, increased irritability, nervousness, anxiety, or impatience.
system: Which cancer treatments are associated with fatigue?
output: The following colorectal cancer treatments are commonly associated with fatigue: Chemotherapy . Any chemotherapy drug or regimen may cause fatigue. Fatigue usually develops after several weeks of chemotherapy. In some, fatigue lasts a few days, while others say the problem persists throughout the course of treatment and even after the treatment is complete. Radiation therapy . Radiation, commonly used in the treatment of rectal cancer, can cause fatigue that increases over time. This can occur regardless of the treatment site. Fatigue usually lasts from 3 to 4 weeks after treatment stops, but can continue for up to 2 to 3 months. Combination therapy. More than one cancer treatment at the same time or one after the other increases the chances of developing fatigue.
system: How can making an appointment with a dietician help with colorectal cancer fatigue?
output: A registered dietitian provides suggestions to work around any eating problems that may be interfering with proper nutrition (such as early feeling of fullness, swallowing difficulty, or taste changes). A dietitian can also suggest ways to maximize calories and include proteins in smaller amounts of food (such as powdered milk, instant breakfast drinks, and other commercial supplements or food additives).
system: How can I manage my stress while I have colorectal cancer?
output: Here are some suggestions that may help: Adjust your expectations. For example, if you have a list of 10 things you want to accomplish today, pare it down to 2 and leave the rest for other days. A sense of accomplishment goes a long way to reducing stress. Help others understand and support you. Family and friends can be helpful if they can "put themselves in your shoes" and understand what fatigue means to you. Cancer groups also can be a source of support -- other people with cancer understand what you are going through. Relaxation techniques such as audiotapes that teach deep breathing or visualization can help reduce stress. Activities that divert your attention away from fatigue can also be helpful. For example, activities such as knitting, reading, or listening to music require little physical energy. If your stress seems out of control, talk to a health care professional. Finally, there may be suggestions that are more specific to your situation that would help in combating your fatigue.
system: How does nutrition impact fatigue with colorectal cancer?
output: Take a vitamin supplement if you are not sure you are getting enough nutrients. Help others understand and support you.
system: What is the disadvantage of virtual colonoscopy for colorectal cancer?
output: The main disadvantage of virtual colonoscopy is that any abnormalities have to be evaluated and treated by colonoscopy.
system: What factors can change how much my dog needs to eat?
output: The amount of food your dog needs may change if: Your dog becomes more active or is pregnant or nursing. The weather is very hot or cold. Your dog is recovering from surgery or an infection. Before giving him more food, make sure he’s not just looking for attention and love.
system: When should I use the free-choice feeding method for my dogs?
output: Here are the top three: For dogs who are a healthy weight and aren’t having accidents in the house, you may be able to use the free-choice feeding method. This means you leave food out all day and let your dog graze. This can be a good method for highly active dogs that are burning more calories than their couch-potato friends. If you are leaving food out all day for your dog to nibble on, use dry food, which won’t spoil. If you have a nursing dog, she will probably be fed by the free-choice method. Dogs who are nursing need many calories to produce a constant flow of milk for their pups.
system: When should I use the portion control method for feeding my dogs, and how should I do it?
output: For the dog who would never stop eating, use the portion control method. First, ask your vet what your dog’s ideal weight is. If you are using a commercial dog food, feed your dog the amount printed on the bag that fits with its ideal weight. Sometimes, however, the suggested amount is more than your dog needs. Your veterinarian can calculate the exact amount to feed. You can feed your dog one or two times a day. It’s best to do it twice daily at 8-12 hour intervals. And if he is, serve that up instead.
system: How do I know if appendicitis is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: It's irritation and swelling of a small pouch (appendix) on the end of your large intestine. What the cramps feel like: You may notice pain around your belly button at first. Then, it gets worse and moves to the right lower side of your stomach. Cramps get bad fast, and they may wake you up. It could hurt if you cough, sneeze, or move. Other symptoms: About half of people with appendicitis also have a fever, feel sick in their stomach, or throw up. Medical treatment is a must. A burst appendix can be life-threatening.
system: What other symptoms are related to cramps from an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
output: Other symptoms: Which ones you have depend on the specific type of IBD. They include: Severe changes in bowel movements (diarrhea, constipation) Urgent need to pass a bowel movement Feeling that your bowels aren't completely empty after you go Blood in your poop Weight loss Fever Fatigue What it is: If you haven't gone through menopause and still have your ovaries, you might get cramps mid-month, about 10-14 days before your period.
system: How do I know if my cramps are caused by a miscarriage?
output: What it is: It's the loss of an unborn baby before the 20th week of pregnancy. What the cramps feel like: They might start out like period pains, and then get more severe. Other symptoms: You may have vaginal bleeding or spotting. Some pregnant women have these symptoms but don't miscarry.
system: How do I know if an ectopic pregnancy is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: This is when a baby grows somewhere other than your womb. Most often it happens in one of your two fallopian tubes. It's life-threatening for the mother and can't result in a live birth. What the cramps feel like: You may have mild cramps followed by sudden, sharp, stabbing pains on one side of your lower belly. The pain can get so severe that you also feel it in your shoulder and lower back. Other symptoms: Before the cramps, you may have had typical pregnancy signs, like nausea and sore breasts. But not all women with an ectopic pregnancy have those. You might not even know you're pregnant.
system: How do I know if irritable bowel syndrome is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: This disorder causes stomach pain and bloating with diarrhea, constipation, or both. What the cramps feel like: They're sudden and in your belly. They might go away after you poop. Your specific pain will depend on whether you have constipation or diarrhea. You might go back and forth between the two or only have one type. Symptoms usually get worse during your period. Other symptoms: You might feel pressure, like you tried to go, but couldn't fully empty your bowels. You might feel sick to your stomach, have gas, or spot mucus in your poop.
system: How do you know if interstitial cystitis is causing your cramps?
output: What it is: This long-term condition affects your bladder. Some doctors call it "painful bladder syndrome." What the cramps feel like: You'll notice them in your lower stomach (pelvic) area and in your genitals, along with pain and tenderness. They'll get worse as your bladder gets full and when it's almost time for your period. Other symptoms: You'll feel like you have to pee a lot, and it'll be urgent. Sex might also hurt.
system: How do I know if a ruptured ovarian cyst is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: A cyst is a sac of fluid. Sometimes they form on your ovaries. One type, called a follicular cyst, breaks open to release an egg and later dissolves in your body. If this doesn't happen, a different cyst can form. Most are harmless. But if one grows large, it could burst. What the cramps feel like: A ruptured cyst doesn't always cause pain. If it does, you might have sudden, sharp cramps on either side of your lower stomach below the belly button. The location depends on which ovary had the cyst. Other symptoms: You may also have some spotting. Before the cyst ruptures, you may feel pain or pressure in your lower belly, thighs, or lower back.
system: How can an inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) lead to cramps?
output: What it is: You get long-term (chronic) swelling and irritation in different parts of your digestive tract. It happens when something goes haywire in your immune system. It isn't the same as irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS). Crohn's can affect any part of your digestive tract (including your mouth). Ulcerative colitis involves only the large intestine (colon). What the cramps feel like: It depends on the type of IBD you have. With Crohn's, you'll feel cramps and pain in the right lower or middle parts of your belly. They can be mild to severe. If you have ulcerative colitis, the cramps will be on the lower left side of your stomach.
system: How do I know if I have cramps from ovulation?
output: They include: Severe changes in bowel movements (diarrhea, constipation) Urgent need to pass a bowel movement Feeling that your bowels aren't completely empty after you go Blood in your poop Weight loss Fever Fatigue What it is: If you haven't gone through menopause and still have your ovaries, you might get cramps mid-month, about 10-14 days before your period. This happens when your ovaries release an egg to ready your body for a possible pregnancy. The harmless twinge of discomfort is called "mittelschmerz," which means middle pain. What the cramps feel like: You'll notice pain on one side of your lower belly. It lasts a few minutes to a few hours. It can be sharp and sudden, or you might just have a dull cramp. The side of the pain depends on which ovary released the egg. It may switch sides every month or strike the same place each time.
system: How do I know if my cramps are caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
output: What it is: It's a bacterial infection that's usually spread by sex. It affects the parts that help you conceive and grow a baby. This includes your fallopian tubes, womb, ovaries, vagina, and cervix. What the cramps feel like: You'll have pain on both sides of your lower belly and lower back. It can happen any time of the month. Other symptoms: PID causes abnormal vaginal discharge and, sometimes, spotting. You might have pain or burning during sex or when you pee. Your periods might be heavier or longer. You might run a fever or have nausea and vomiting. You'll need to get the disease treated by a doctor.
system: How do I know if pelvic floor muscle dysfunction is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: Severe spasms happen in the muscles that support your bladder, womb, vagina, and rectum. It can happen after you have trauma with vaginal childbirth or after an injury, like a car accident. What the cramps feel like: They're severe -- like sudden leg cramps in your lower belly. You may also have ongoing pain in your groin and back. Other symptoms: You might have pain during your periods or sex, a burning feeling in the vagina, and problems pushing out stools. It could burn when you pee, or you may have a strong urge to go all the time. If you have these symptoms, see a doctor for a urine test to rule out a bladder infection. If you have one, the doctor will see bacteria in your urine.
system: How do I know if my cramps are caused by endometriosis?
output: What it is: This is a long-term (chronic) condition in which tissue similar to your womb's lining attach to other organs and begin to grow. What the cramps feel like: They seem like regular period cramps, but they can happen any time of month. You may also have cramps and pain in your low back and stomach below your belly button. See More: Guide to Endometriosis Other symptoms: Sex that involves deep penetration may be painful. Some women have painful bowel movements. Endometriosis can make it hard to get pregnant.
system: How do I know if ovarian cancer is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: This type of cancer starts in the ovaries, the organs that make your eggs. You may write the pain off as something else, like constipation or gas. Other symptoms: Your belly may swell so much that you find it hard to button your pants. You might get full quickly when you eat and notice a strong, frequent need to pee. See a doctor if you have these symptoms for more than 2 weeks.
system: When should I call a doctor about my cramps?
output: But if you're expecting and either one happens, always call your doctor. You may also have ongoing pain in your groin and back. Get medical help right away if you have sudden, severe belly pain that continues to get worse.
system: Why do I have cramps but no period?
output: It can be tough to tell whether the pain's being caused by something simple or more serious. But if you're expecting and either one happens, always call your doctor. What it is: This type of cancer starts in the ovaries, the organs that make your eggs.
system: How do I know if pregnancy pain is causing my cramps?
output: What it is: Your growing baby is attaching to the lining of your womb, or uterus. This is called "implantation pain," and it's a sign of pregnancy progress. What the cramps feel like: You might have a few slight cramps about 4 weeks into your pregnancy -- around the time when you'd get your period. If you aren't sure whether you're a mom-to-be, it's a good idea to take a test. You might not even know you're pregnant.
system: How much St. John's wort should you take?
output: For depression, some clinical trials in adults have used 300 milligrams of St. John's wort (of 0.3% hypericin extract) taken three times a day for up to 6 months. After the initial treatment, some people choose to go onto a lower maintenance dose of 300 milligrams to 600 milligrams of St. John's wort per day.
system: What is St. John's wort and what is it used for?
output: Today, St. John's wort is best known as a treatment for depression. Multiple studies have found St. John's wort helpful for depression. In fact, a few showed that St. John's wort was as effective as some prescription antidepressants.
system: What are the risks of taking St. John's wort?
output: Given the lack of evidence about its safety, St. John's wort is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
system: What are the side effects of taking St. John's wort?
output: At recommended doses, St. John's wort generally does not cause side effects. Uncommon side effects of St. John's wort include anxiety, dry mouth, sensitivity to sunlight, dizziness, stomach upset, headache, sexual problems, and fatigue.
system: Why do people take St. John's wort?
output: In fact, a few showed that St. John's wort was as effective as some prescription antidepressants. But the evidence is conflicting. Two recent major studies showed that St. John's wort worked no better than a placebo for moderate depression. However, neither did the medication that was used. St. John's wort might prove more effective for milder forms of depression. For now, however, the evidence is uncertain. St. John's wort has also been studied in the treatment of other mood disorders, such as severe depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder ( OCD), and seasonal affective disorder ( SAD.) It's also been used for insomnia, PMS, menopausal symptoms, and eczema. However, studies on St. John's wort for these uses have not shown solid evidence of benefit.
system: What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
output: It notes the absence of normal behaviors in people with schizophrenia. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include: Lack of emotion or a limited range of emotions Withdrawal from family, friends, and social activities Less energy Speaking less Lack of motivation Loss of pleasure or interest in life Poor hygiene and grooming habits The exact cause of schizophrenia isn't known.
system: How does hospitalization help with schizophrenia?
output: Individual psychotherapy, which can help the person better understand his illness, and learn coping and problem-solving skills Family therapy, which can help families deal with a loved one who has schizophrenia, enabling them to better help their loved one Group therapy/support groups, which can provide continuing mutual support Hospitalization: Many people with schizophrenia may be treated as outpatients. But hospitalization may be the best option for people: With severe symptoms Who might harm themselves or others Who can't take care of themselves at home Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT): In this procedure, electrodes are attached to the person's scalp.
system: How common is schizophrenia?
output: The goal of schizophrenia treatment is to ease the symptoms and to cut the chances of a relapse, or return of symptoms.
system: Who gets schizophrenia?
output: Anyone can get schizophrenia. It affects people all over the world, from all races and cultures. While it can happen at any age, schizophrenia typically first appears in the teenage years or early 20s. The disorder affects men and women equally, although symptoms generally appear earlier in men. The earlier the symptoms start, the more severe the illness tends to be. Children over the age of 5 can have schizophrenia, but it's rare before adolescence.
system: What do positive symptoms of schizophrenia mean?
output: This includes: A change in grades Social withdrawal Trouble concentrating Temper flares Difficulty sleeping In this case, the word positive doesn't mean good. It refers to added thoughts or actions that aren't based in reality. They're sometimes called psychotic symptoms and can include: Delusions: These are false, mixed, and sometimes strange beliefs that aren't based in reality and that the person refuses to give up, even when shown the facts.
system: How does electroconvulsive therapy treat schizophrenia?
output: While they're asleep under general anesthesia, doctors send a small electric shock to the brain. A course of ECT therapy usually involves 2-3 treatments per week for several weeks. Each shock treatment causes a controlled seizure. A series of treatments over time leads to improvement in mood and thinking. Scientists don't fully understand exactly how ECT and the controlled seizures it causes help, but some researchers think ECT-induced seizures may affect the release of neurotransmitters in the brain. ECT is less well-proven to help with schizophrenia than depression or bipolar disorder, so it isn't used very often when mood symptoms are absent. It can help when medications no longer work, or if severe depression or catatonia makes treating the illness difficult.
system: How does brain chemistry and circuits cause schizophrenia?
output: Brain chemistry and circuits: People with schizophrenia may not be able to regulate brain chemicals called neurotransmitters that control certain pathways, or "circuits," of nerve cells that affect thinking and behavior. Brain abnormality: Research has found abnormal brain structure in people with schizophrenia.
system: How can schizophrenia vary?
output: How severe schizophrenia is varies from person to person. Some people have only one psychotic episode, while others have many episodes during a lifetime but lead relatively normal lives in between. Still others may have more trouble functioning over time, with little improvement between full-blown psychotic episodes. Schizophrenia symptoms seem to worsen and improve in cycles known as relapses and remissions.
system: How do hallucinations happen in schizophrenia?
output: Hallucinations: These involve sensations that aren't real. Hearing voices is the most common hallucination in people with schizophrenia. The voices may comment on the person's behavior, insult them, or give commands. Less common types include seeing things that aren't there, smelling strange odors, having a funny taste in your mouth, and feeling sensations on your skin even though nothing is touching your body.
system: What is the outlook for people with schizophrenia?
output: Most people with schizophrenia are not violent. Depending on how severe the condition is and how well they get and stick with treatment, they should be able to live with their families or in community settings rather than in long-term psychiatric hospitals. Ongoing research on the brain and how brain disorders happen will likely lead to more effective medicines with fewer side effects.