laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: When do doctors stop life support?
output: Doctors usually advise stopping life support when there is no hope left for recovery. The organs are no longer able to function on their own. Keeping the treatment going at that point may draw out the process of dying and may also be costly. Choosing to remove life support usually means that the person will die within hours or days. The timing depends on what treatment is stopped. People tend to stop breathing and die soon after a ventilator shuts off, though some do start breathing again on their own. If he is not taking in any fluids, he will usually die within several days of a feeding tube removal, though he may survive for as long as a week or two. When someone is unconscious or not of sound mind, doctors and family members decide when life support measures should stop. It's a hard decision, especially if the sick person hasn't previously discussed his end-of-life wishes with his family. Doctors encourage family members to focus on what they think their loved one would want. It's important to remember that it's the underlying condition, not the removal of life support, that actually causes someone to die, and doctors will do all they can to keep your loved one comfortable.
system: What are some good sources of nonheme iron?
output: Very good sources of nonheme iron, with 3.5 milligrams or more per serving, include: Breakfast cereals enriched with iron One cup of cooked beans One-half cup of tofu Good sources of nonheme iron, with 2.1 milligrams or more per serving, include: One-half cup of canned lima beans, red kidney beans, or chickpeas One cup of dried apricots One medium baked potato One cup of cooked enriched egg noodles One-fourth cup of wheat germ 1 ounce of pumpkin, sesame, or squash seeds Other sources of nonheme iron, with 0.7 milligrams or more, include: One-half cup of cooked split peas 1 ounce of peanuts, pecans, walnuts, pistachios, roasted almonds, roasted cashews, or sunflower seeds One-half cup of dried seedless raisins, peaches, or prunes One medium stalk of broccoli One cup of raw spinach One cup of pasta (cooked, it becomes 3-4 cups) One slice of bread, half of a small pumpernickel bagel, or bran muffin One cup of brown or enriched rice Some foods can help your body absorb iron from iron-rich foods; others can hinder it.
system: What are some other sources of nonheme iron?
output: Very good sources of nonheme iron, with 3.5 milligrams or more per serving, include: Breakfast cereals enriched with iron One cup of cooked beans One-half cup of tofu Good sources of nonheme iron, with 2.1 milligrams or more per serving, include: One-half cup of canned lima beans, red kidney beans, or chickpeas One cup of dried apricots One medium baked potato One cup of cooked enriched egg noodles One-fourth cup of wheat germ 1 ounce of pumpkin, sesame, or squash seeds Other sources of nonheme iron, with 0.7 milligrams or more, include: One-half cup of cooked split peas 1 ounce of peanuts, pecans, walnuts, pistachios, roasted almonds, roasted cashews, or sunflower seeds One-half cup of dried seedless raisins, peaches, or prunes One medium stalk of broccoli One cup of raw spinach One cup of pasta (cooked, it becomes 3-4 cups) One slice of bread, half of a small pumpernickel bagel, or bran muffin One cup of brown or enriched rice Some foods can help your body absorb iron from iron-rich foods; others can hinder it.
system: What do you need to know about spinach and iron deficiency?
output: This is the form of iron added to iron-enriched and iron-fortified foods.
system: What are the best sources of heme iron?
output: Very good sources of heme iron, with 3.5 milligrams or more per serving, include: 3 ounces of beef or chicken liver 3 ounces of clams or mussels 3 ounces of oysters Good sources of heme iron, with 2.1 milligrams or more per serving, include: 3 ounces of cooked beef 3 ounces of canned sardines, canned in oil Other sources of heme iron, with 0.6 milligrams or more per serving, include: 3 ounces of chicken 3 ounces of cooked turkey 3 ounces of ham 3 ounces of veal Other sources of heme iron, with 0.3 milligrams or more per serving, include: 3 ounces of halibut, haddock, perch, salmon, or tuna Iron in plant foods such as lentils, beans, and spinach is nonheme iron.
system: What are the best sources of nonheme iron?
output: Very good sources of nonheme iron, with 3.5 milligrams or more per serving, include: Breakfast cereals enriched with iron One cup of cooked beans One-half cup of tofu Good sources of nonheme iron, with 2.1 milligrams or more per serving, include: One-half cup of canned lima beans, red kidney beans, or chickpeas One cup of dried apricots One medium baked potato One cup of cooked enriched egg noodles One-fourth cup of wheat germ 1 ounce of pumpkin, sesame, or squash seeds Other sources of nonheme iron, with 0.7 milligrams or more, include: One-half cup of cooked split peas 1 ounce of peanuts, pecans, walnuts, pistachios, roasted almonds, roasted cashews, or sunflower seeds One-half cup of dried seedless raisins, peaches, or prunes One medium stalk of broccoli One cup of raw spinach One cup of pasta (cooked, it becomes 3-4 cups) One slice of bread, half of a small pumpernickel bagel, or bran muffin One cup of brown or enriched rice Some foods can help your body absorb iron from iron-rich foods; others can hinder it.
system: How common is iron-deficiency anemia?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Iron-deficiency anemia, the most common form of anemia, is a decrease in the number of red blood cells caused by too little iron. Without sufficient iron, your body can't produce enough hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells that makes it possible for them to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. As a result, you may feel weak, tired, and irritable. About 20% of women, 50% of pregnant women, and 3% of men do not have enough iron in their body. The solution, in many cases, is to consume more foods high in iron.
system: How can you get more iron from your food?
output: As a result, you may feel weak, tired, and irritable. To absorb the most iron from the foods you eat, avoid drinking coffee or tea or consuming calcium-rich foods or drinks with meals containing iron-rich foods. To improve your absorption of iron, eat it along with a good source of vitamin C -- such as orange juice, broccoli, or strawberries -- or eat nonheme iron foods with a food from the meat, fish, and poultry group. But speak to your health care provider about the proper dosage first and follow his or her instructions carefully. Because very little iron is excreted from the body, iron can accumulate in body tissues and organs when the normal storage sites -- the liver, spleen, and bone marrow -- are full. Although iron toxicity from food sources is rare, deadly overdoses are possible with supplements.
system: Where does nonheme iron come from?
output: The solution, in many cases, is to consume more foods high in iron. Most nonheme iron is from plant sources.
system: How does your body use iron in food?
output: There are two forms of dietary iron: heme and nonheme. Heme iron is derived from hemoglobin. It is found in animal foods that originally contained hemoglobin, such as red meats, fish, and poultry (meat, poultry, and seafood contain both heme and non-heme iron). Your body absorbs the most iron from heme sources. Most nonheme iron is from plant sources. To improve your absorption of iron, eat it along with a good source of vitamin C -- such as orange juice, broccoli, or strawberries -- or eat nonheme iron foods with a food from the meat, fish, and poultry group.
system: What is the darker area of skin in the breast called?
output: The nipple is in the center of a darker area of skin called the areola. The areola contains small glands, called Montgomery glands, which lubricate the nipple during breast-feeding. Fat fills the spaces between the lobes and ducts. There are no muscles in the breasts, but the pectoral or chest muscles lie under each breast and cover the ribs.
system: What happens to the breast after ovulation?
output: Each breast also contains blood vessels, as well as vessels that carry a fluid called lymph. At this time, the breasts often become engorged with fluid and may be tender and swollen.
system: What sleep milestones should you expect in your 2-month-old?
output: Your baby's sleep patterns are evolving, but at two months, they still aren't fully established. At this age, babies sleep 15 to 16 hours a day. But those hours are sporadic, and they usually aren't ready to sleep through the night. This is especially true for breastfed babies, who generally wake up to eat every three hours or so.
system: What communication milestones should you expect in your 2-month-old?
output: For a 2-month-old, most communication consists of crying. But you may hear a few gurgles, grunts, and even some sweet coos. Your baby should recognize your face and voice, and respond to them. You might even see the first adorable hint of a smile.
system: What senses milestones should you expect in your 2-month-old?
output: At two months, babies can see objects -- and people -- from up to 18 inches away. That means you still need to get pretty close, but your baby will be able to see your face pretty well while feeding. She should also be able to follow movements when you walk close by. Baby's hearing is improving, too. Your 2-month-old will especially enjoy listening to the sound of your voice.
system: What motor skills milestones should you expect in your 2-month-old?
output: Two-month-old babies are gaining more control over their bodies. That means they can hold their head a little steadier while lying on their tummies or being supported upright. In the second month of life, babies continue to have a strong sucking reflex. You may notice your baby likes to suck on a fist or a few fingers. This is one of the best ways babies have of comforting themselves. At 2 months, your baby doesn't yet have the coordination to play with toys. But she may bat at a colorful object hanging in front of her. Your baby may even briefly hold a toy that you place in one of her hands.
system: What milestones should you expect in your 2-month-old?
output: You're also learning what makes your 2-month-old tick -- from likes and dislikes, to crying triggers, which are pretty basic at this point: hunger, sleepiness, and dirty diapers. In the second month of life, babies continue to have a strong sucking reflex.
system: What are some tips for your babyâs second month?
output: Even though 2-month-old babies can't talk back, they will respond to the sound of your voice, and it will encourage them to start forming their own first words in the coming months. The first few months of a baby's life are exciting and nerve-wracking for new parents. Don't be afraid to ask for advice when you need it. Your pediatrician is the best source for information, but family and friends are good back-ups. Alternate the carrier with periods of tummy time, stroller walks, and plenty of cuddles in your arms. Babies should not routinely sleep in carriers, car seats, or bouncy seats. Touch is very important during baby's first months. Try some skin-to-skin contact. Some experts recommend baby massage, but just holding or rocking her is enough. When your infant cries, try different soothing techniques. Some babies respond to soft music or singing. Others are calmed by ''white noise'' (for example, running the vacuum cleaner or placing the radio dial between stations). If you haven't already done so, try introducing a pacifier. They are soothing and have also been found to help prevent SIDS. Experiment to find what works best for your 2-month-old.
system: Who should not take ginseng?
output: Given the lack of evidence about its safety, ginseng is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
system: Can I get ginseng naturally from foods?
output: Ginseng is sometimes added to energy drinks and foods.
system: How effective is ginseng?
output: Some studies have found that ginseng may boost the immune system. There is some evidence that one particular type of American ginseng extract might decrease the number and severity of colds in adults. Several studies in people have also shown that ginseng may lower blood sugar levels. There is some early evidence that ginseng might temporarily -- and modestly -- improve concentration and learning. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo. While these studies are intriguing, many experts feel that we need more evidence. Ginseng has also been studied as a way to improve mood and boost endurance as well as treat cancer, heart disease, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, menopausal symptoms, and other conditions. While some of these uses are promising, the evidence isn't conclusive.
system: How common is ginseng?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Different varieties of ginseng root have been used as treatments in Asia and North America for centuries. Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world.
system: How can I take ginseng safely without side effects?
output: Side effects from ginseng are generally mild. After a break -- or âholidayâ -- your doctor might recommend that you begin taking it again for another few weeks or months.
system: How much ginseng should I take?
output: Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to establish a standard dose. Always buy ginseng from a well-respected company. Because it's an expensive root, there is a risk that disreputable manufacturers might sell adulterated ginseng or include less than advertised on the bottle. There have also been some reports of allergic reactions to ginseng.
system: What are the side effects of taking ginseng?
output: Ginseng has also been studied as a way to improve mood and boost endurance as well as treat cancer, heart disease, fatigue, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, menopausal symptoms, and other conditions. Standard doses of ginseng have not been established for any condition. Since ginseng can act as a stimulant in some people. To avoid side effects from ginseng, some experts suggest that ginseng shouldn't be used for more than three months -- or sometimes just a few weeks -- at a time. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, ginseng is not recommended for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
system: Can ginseng cause adverse drug interactions?
output: Several studies in people have also shown that ginseng may lower blood sugar levels. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo. Do not take ginseng without consulting your doctor if you take any medications. Caffeine may amplify ginseng's stimulant effects.
system: What is ginseng?
output: However, its benefits for most of them haven't been seriously researched. There are two main types of ginseng: Asian or Korean ginseng ( Panax ginseng) and American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius). Studies have found that the different types have different benefits. In traditional Chinese medicine, American ginseng is considered less stimulating than the Asian variety. Although many other herbs are called ginseng -- like eleuthero, or Siberian ginseng -- they do not contain the active ingredient of ginsenosides. In some studies of mental performance, ginseng has been combined with ginkgo.
system: What are the disadvantages of deep brain stimulation (DBS)?
output: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation.
system: How effective is deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment for essential tremor?
output: Deep brain stimulation provides moderate relief for approximately 90% of patients with essential tremor.
system: How does deep brain stimulation (DBS) work for treating essential tremor?
output: To treat essential tremor with deep brain stimulation, electrodes are placed in the thalamus during surgery. The electrodes are connected by wires to a type of pacemaker device (called an impulse generator, or IPG) implanted under the skin of the chest, below the collarbone. Once activated, the device sends continuous (painless) electrical pulses to the thalamus, blocking the impulses that cause tremors.
system: How should I care for the surgical area of deep brain stimulation (DBS) once I get home?
output: Your stitches or staples will be removed seven to 10 days after surgery. Each of the four pin sites should be kept covered with band-aids until they are dry. These should be changed every day as necessary. You will be able to wash your head with a damp cloth, avoiding the surgical area. You may shampoo your hair the day after your stitches or staples are removed, but only very gently. You should not scratch or irritate the wound areas.
system: When will I be able to go home after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?
output: The average hospital stay for deep brain stimulation surgery is two to three days.
system: Why will you need to stay awake during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?
output: You will remain awake but in a type of "twilight" zone during most of deep brain stimulation surgery. This allows the surgical team to interact with you when testing the effects of the stimulation. Small amounts of local anesthetic (pain-relieving medication) are given in sensitive areas. The vast majority of people experience minimal discomfort during the procedure.
system: What should you do before you consider deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor?
output: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation. These issues should be discussed with a movement disorders expert or a specially trained neurologist. Before considering DBS, you should exhaust all medication options. Surgery is not recommended if medications can adequately control the disease.
system: What is deep brain stimulation (DBS)?
output: Deep brain stimulation ( DBS) is used to treat a number of movement disorders, including Essential Tremor. DBS is a way to inactivate the thalamus, a structure deep in the brain that coordinates and controls muscle activity. The true cause of essential tremor is still not understood, but it is thought that the abnormal brain activity that causes tremor is processed through the thalamus.
system: What activities are restricted after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?
output: You should not engage in light activities for two weeks after deep brain stimulation surgery. This includes housework and sexual activity. You should not engage in heavy activities for four to six weeks after surgery. This includes jogging, swimming, or any other aerobic activity. You should not lift more than five pounds for at least two weeks. Depending on the type of work you do, you may return to work within four to six weeks.
system: What are the risks of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery?
output: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: Increased risk of infection from the presence of a foreign object in the body Repeat surgery every three to five years in order to replace the battery in the device Uncomfortable sensations that may occur during stimulation There are many important issues to be addressed when considering deep brain stimulation. Be sure to discuss these with your doctor and ask questions before surgery.
system: What causes gastroenteritis?
output: There are many ways gastroenteritis can be spread: Contact with someone who has the virus Contaminated food or water Unwashed hands after going to the bathroom or changing a diaper The most common cause of gastroenteritis is a virus. Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. The main types are rotavirus and norovirus.
system: What are symptoms of gastroenteritis?
output: You might also have stomach pain, cramping, fever, nausea, and a headache. Because of diarrhea and vomiting, you also can become dehydrated. Watch for signs of dehydration, such as dry skin and a dry mouth, feeling lightheaded, and being really thirsty. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Norovirus is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis and also foodborne disease outbreaks in the U. S. Although not as common, bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in the U. S. and are usually spread by undercooked poultry, eggs, or poultry juices.
system: Can bacteria cause the stomach flu?
output: Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. Norovirus is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis and also foodborne disease outbreaks in the U. S. Although not as common, bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella can also trigger the stomach flu. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis in the U. S. and are usually spread by undercooked poultry, eggs, or poultry juices. Salmonella can also be spread through pet reptiles or live poultry. Another bacteria, shigella, is often passed around in day care centers. It typically is spread from person to person, and common sources of infection are contaminated food and drinking water.
system: How long does chemotherapy drug treatment for rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases last?
output: Although there are some differences among the drugs and how they are used to treat certain rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases, these drugs usually produce benefits gradually, requiring weeks to months for full effectiveness. Generally, if there is no benefit within four months, it is unlikely that continuing the chemotherapy drug at the same dose will be helpful. Methotrexate and Imuran can be used for prolonged periods (many years) if necessary, as long as they do not cause serious side effects. Cytoxan is generally used for more limited periods because of its greater side effects. However, in certain cases more prolonged use may be necessary.
system: How is chemotherapy used to treat arthritis different from chemotherapy used to treat cancer?
output: In cancer treatment, chemotherapy refers to particular class of drugs used to kill or slow the reproduction of rapidly multiplying cells. In rheumatology, chemotherapy is designed to decrease the abnormal behavior of cells, rather than kill cells. The doses of medication used for rheumatic or autoimmune conditions are generally lower than the doses used for cancer treatment.
system: How can I cut the chance of having side effects from chemotherapy drugs used to treat my arthritis?
output: The occurrence of side effects depends on the dose, type of drug, and length of treatment. It is very important to have the appropriate follow-up exams and lab testing while taking chemotherapy drugs.