laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can I prevent bladder stones?
output: That's not always possible, but there are some options: Bladder diverticula: You could get surgery to remove them. Treating an enlarged prostate may sometimes prevent the diverticula from forming in the first place. Men with a larger-than-usual prostate: Medicine or surgery may help. Nerve damage: Medicine or a different catheter could make bladders stones less likely. Women with cystocele: Surgery may be needed to support the bladder and other pelvic organs. Aside from that, make sure to drink plenty of water to help keep the minerals in your urine from turning into crystals and forming bladder stones. Ask your doctor how much you should drink each day. And be sure to check with your doctor if you have any problems peeing, such as pain, stopping and starting over and over, or peeing too often.
system: What do I need to know about bladder stones?
output: Sometimes, they don't cause any symptoms and pass out of your body on their own. You may never even know you had one. But more often, they cause pain or other problems when you pee. When that happens, you have to get them removed. The two most common are: Larger-than-usual prostate. Aside from that, make sure to drink plenty of water to help keep the minerals in your urine from turning into crystals and forming bladder stones.
system: How are bladder stones treated?
output: It may sound a little odd, but you really can get stones in your bladder. Sometimes, they don't cause any symptoms and pass out of your body on their own. As men age, the prostate usually gets bigger and can squeeze the urethra, the tube that carries pee out of the body. Some people get this to help with a problem called incontinence, where you can't control when you pee. This surgery can make you more likely to get bladder stones. You may then have: Cystoscopy. If you have small bladder stones, you might be able to drink a lot of water to get them to pass through on their own. If the stones are too large to break up, you may need to have surgery to open your bladder and remove them.
system: What are common issues that can stop your bladder from emptying?
output: The two most common are: Larger-than-usual prostate. Nerve damage. Also called neurogenic bladder, it means your bladder's nerves don't work like they normally would. This can lead to urine left in there. Part of the bladder wall gets weak and drops into the vagina, which can block the flow of urine. When that happens, you might: Have blood in your urine Feel burning or pain when you pee Find it hard to pee, or that you're going in stops and starts Have pain in your lower belly -- and for men, in your penis and testicles Go more than usual, especially at night See urine that's cloudy or darker than normal Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and start with a physical exam, feeling your lower belly to check your bladder.
system: What causes bladder stones?
output: Once you do, your bladder should be empty. But some health issues can prevent that from happening, and you end up with urine left in your bladder. Then, some of the substances in the urine start to stick together and form crystals until they form a bladder stone. If the stones are too large to break up, you may need to have surgery to open your bladder and remove them.
system: How should I treat symptoms of insect bites and stings in children?
output: Remove any tight jewelry from the area of the bite or sting. It could be hard to get off once the area swells. Ice the area for 10 minutes and then remove the ice for 10 minutes. Then repeat. If the sting was on an arm or leg, elevate the area. Pain relievers that are formulated for babies or children, such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol) or ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin) can help. Be sure to follow the dosing instructions on the bottle. If your child is under the recommended age, call a pediatrician.
system: What are signs of insect bites and stings in children that need immediate medical attention?
output: Has been bitten or stung and has sudden hives, swelling in the face, difficulty breathing, dizziness, or fainting Had a serious allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting before Insect stings and bites in young children may be painful, frightening, or irritating, but they're rarely a cause for concern unless your child has an allergic reaction.
system: What do I need to know about insect bites and stings in children?
output: Has been bitten or stung and has sudden hives, swelling in the face, difficulty breathing, dizziness, or fainting Had a serious allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting before Insect stings and bites in young children may be painful, frightening, or irritating, but they're rarely a cause for concern unless your child has an allergic reaction.
system: How should I remove the stinger for honeybee stings in children?
output: Honeybees and yellow jackets are the only insects that leave a stinger in the skin. Scrape the area with a fingernail or credit card to remove it. Don't pinch the stinger with your fingers or tweezers -- that can inject more venom.
system: What is dermatitis herpetiformis (DH)?
output: DH, also known Duhring's disease, causes blisters that look like herpes, but the condition doesn't come from the herpes virus. It's linked to gluten sensitivity. If you have celiac disease and eat gluten, your intestines make an antibody called Ig A in response. This chemical flows into your bloodstream and builds up in blood vessels under your skin. It triggers the DH rash.
system: What are the symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis?
output: The first thing you'll probably notice is a burning or stinging sensation on certain places on your skin. After that, clusters of small, red bumps pop up. They're very itchy, and can take several forms, like: Blisters Fluid-filled sores Sores that look like hives Raised sores You may mistake your bumps and blisters for eczema.
system: How is dermatitis herpetiformis treated?
output: There's no cure for DH, but medications can help heal your rash. Your doctor might prescribe dapsone, which you take by mouth. It gets rid of your itching and bumps within 1-3 days. Your doctor may also recommend a topical corticosteroid cream to help with itching.
system: What causes dermatitis herpetiformis?
output: This chemical flows into your bloodstream and builds up in blood vessels under your skin. It triggers the DH rash. This condition is rare in children. It usually shows up for the first time when you're between 30 and 40 years old. Men tend to get it more often than women. It's most common in people of European descent and rare among African- Americans and Asian- Americans. If tests show that you have celiac disease, your doctor will tell you to completely cut gluten out of your diet.
system: How is dermatitis herpetiformis diagnosed?
output: After that, clusters of small, red bumps pop up. You may need a stitch or two to close up the site. It should heal quickly, with very little scarring. A lab will use dye to see if you have Ig A in a certain type of pattern. This tells your doctor whether you have DH. He can then also take some of your blood to test it for celiac disease. If tests show that you have celiac disease, your doctor will tell you to completely cut gluten out of your diet.
system: What is an Ewing's sarcoma soft tissue tumor?
output: Soft tissue (extra-osseous) tumor: This type of tumor affects the soft tissues around your bones, such as cartilage or muscle. It's rarely found in the soft tissue of the arms, legs, head, neck, chest, and abdomen.
system: How is Ewing's sarcoma diagnosed?
output: Your doctor has a number of tests to see whether you have Ewing's sarcoma. If you do, she will also try to find out whether the tumor has spread and to what extent. This is known as staging.
system: What does positron emission tomography, or PET scan, for Ewing's sarcoma consist of?
output: Positron emission tomography scan ( PET scan): You lie inside the PET scanner while a technician injects a small amount of radioactive sugar into a vein. The cancer cells show up brighter in the scan because they use more sugar than healthy cells.
system: How is a computed tomography scan (CAT/CT scan) used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Computed tomography scan ( CAT/ CT scan): Like you would do for an MRI, you lie flat inside a CT scanner, which takes X-ray pictures while linked to a computer. The MRI is generally preferred over the CT scan.
system: How is Ewing's sarcoma treated?
output: What kind of treatment you get will depend on several things. They include: The size of your tumor Where it has spread Your overall health Your preferences, which you should talk over with your doctor Treatment options include: Chemotherapy: This is usually the first step.
system: How does a physical exam diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Physical exam: Your doctor will start out with this, especially checking around the painful areas for signs such as lumps, redness, and swelling.
system: How is surgery used to treat Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Surgery: Your doctor will try to remove the tumor to stop its spread. In some cases, she may have to amputate an arm or leg if the tumor has spread a lot.
system: How is a bone scan used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Bone scan: This is used to find out whether cancer cells are in your bones. A small amount of radioactive dye is injected into one of your veins. The dye will collect in the bones that have tumors. When you lie beneath a bone scanner, the doctor will be able to detect where the radioactive dye has gathered.
system: How is radiation used to treat Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Radiation: In this therapy, a technician will use X-rays and other types of radiation to kill the cancer cells. This can be done using machines outside the body to deliver the dose, or through needles and tubes sent right to the tumor.
system: How is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: The dye will collect in the bones that have tumors. When you lie beneath a bone scanner, the doctor will be able to detect where the radioactive dye has gathered. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI): For this test, you lie flat and still on a surface that slides you inside the tube-shaped MRI machine. It uses magnetic field and radio waves to create a detailed, 3- D image inside your body.
system: How is a positron emission tomography scan (PET scan) used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Positron emission tomography scan ( PET scan): You lie inside the PET scanner while a technician injects a small amount of radioactive sugar into a vein. The cancer cells show up brighter in the scan because they use more sugar than healthy cells.
system: Who is affected by Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Ewing's sarcoma affects about 200 children and young adults every year in the United States and shows up slightly more often in males. While adults can get Ewing's sarcoma, it is uncommon. It mostly affects white people and has rarely been found in African Americans or Asian Americans.
system: How is chemotherapy used to treat Ewing's sarcoma?
output: They include: The size of your tumor Where it has spread Your overall health Your preferences, which you should talk over with your doctor Treatment options include: Chemotherapy: This is usually the first step. With this option, medicines are used to kill cancer cells and stop them from growing. They can be injected into your bloodstream. Your doctor may use more than one type of chemotherapy at a time or combine this with surgery and radiation.
system: When should you call your doctor about Ewing's syndrome?
output: Other symptoms include: â A lump near skin that feels warm and soft to the touch â Constant low fever â Limping because your legs hurt â Bone pain that gets worse when you exercise or during the night â Broken bones without an obvious cause â Weight loss â Always being tired â Paralysis or loss of bladder control if the tumor is near your spine When you see symptoms, you should contact your doctor so she can do a diagnosis. As with many types of cancer, the earlier you have it detected and treated, the better.
system: How is a blood test used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Blood test: This cannot confirm Ewing's sarcoma. But a complete blood count, or CBC, checks how many red blood cells, white blood cells, and how much hemoglobin (a protein that carries oxygen) you have.
system: How is a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: Your doctor numbs an area of your body, usually in the hips. She inserts a needle and takes a small piece of bone marrow and bone to exam under a microscope.
system: What is it like to have Ewing's sarcoma?
output: When you have Ewing's, you may feel pain, swelling, or stiffness in the area of the tumor (arms, legs, chest, back, or pelvis) for weeks or months. This could get mistaken for bumps and bruises. In children, you might mistake it for sports injuries.
system: What are other symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Other symptoms include: â A lump near skin that feels warm and soft to the touch â Constant low fever â Limping because your legs hurt â Bone pain that gets worse when you exercise or during the night â Broken bones without an obvious cause â Weight loss â Always being tired â Paralysis or loss of bladder control if the tumor is near your spine When you see symptoms, you should contact your doctor so she can do a diagnosis.
system: How long will I need to keep seeing my doctor for Ewing's sarcoma if the treatment works?
output: If the treatment works, you will still need to follow up with your doctor for many years. Ewing's sarcoma can return even a decade after the diagnosis.
system: What is an Ewing's sarcoma bone tumor?
output: Some types are: Bone tumor: 87% of Ewing's sarcoma happens in the bone, often appearing in the thigh bones, pelvis, ribs, or shoulder blades. But the tumor can appear in any bone.
system: How is a biopsy used to diagnose Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Biopsy: Your doctor removes a piece of your tissue with either a needle or during surgery. That sample is viewed under a microscope to see if it's cancerous. This can confirm whether you have Ewing's sarcoma.
system: What do X-rays for Ewing's sarcoma consist of?
output: X-rays: These take an image of a certain area of your body where a tumor is suspected. If the X-rays show any problems, your doctor may order other imaging tests.
system: What is an Ewing's sarcoma peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor or an askin tumor?
output: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (p PNET): This type of tumor is found in the nerves and can be detected in many parts of the body. Askin tumor: This is a type of p PNET tumor that's found in the chest.
system: What does magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, for Ewing's sarcoma consist of?
output: Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI): For this test, you lie flat and still on a surface that slides you inside the tube-shaped MRI machine. It uses magnetic field and radio waves to create a detailed, 3- D image inside your body.
system: What does a computed tomography, or CT scan, for Ewing's sarcoma consist of?
output: Computed tomography scan ( CAT/ CT scan): Like you would do for an MRI, you lie flat inside a CT scanner, which takes X-ray pictures while linked to a computer. The MRI is generally preferred over the CT scan.
system: What causes Ewing's sarcoma?
output: It's unclear what causes Ewing's sarcoma, as it doesn't appear to run in families. So far, research suggests that it's not related to exposure to radiation, chemicals, or other outside things in the environment. It appears that the cell DNA changes after birth, leading to Ewing's sarcoma. Why that happens remains unknown. One possibility is that it could be a second cancer in people who've been treated with radiation for another type of cancer.
system: What is surgery for Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Surgery: Your doctor will try to remove the tumor to stop its spread. In some cases, she may have to amputate an arm or leg if the tumor has spread a lot.
system: What does a blood test for Ewing's sarcoma indicate?
output: But a complete blood count, or CBC, checks how many red blood cells, white blood cells, and how much hemoglobin (a protein that carries oxygen) you have.
system: What does a physical exam for Ewing's sarcoma consist of?
output: Physical exam: Your doctor will start out with this, especially checking around the painful areas for signs such as lumps, redness, and swelling.
system: What is chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma?
output: They include: The size of your tumor Where it has spread Your overall health Your preferences, which you should talk over with your doctor Treatment options include: Chemotherapy: This is usually the first step. With this option, medicines are used to kill cancer cells and stop them from growing. They can be injected into your bloodstream. Your doctor may use more than one type of chemotherapy at a time or combine this with surgery and radiation.
system: Who does Ewing's sarcoma most often affect?
output: Ewing's sarcoma affects about 200 children and young adults every year in the United States and shows up slightly more often in males. While adults can get Ewing's sarcoma, it is uncommon. It mostly affects white people and has rarely been found in African Americans or Asian Americans.
system: How can you recover from Ewing's sarcoma?
output: Surgery: Your doctor will try to remove the tumor to stop its spread. Ewing's sarcoma can return even a decade after the diagnosis.
system: What should I do if I have symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma?
output: As with many types of cancer, the earlier you have it detected and treated, the better. It's important to see a doctor right away if you see symptoms in your child.
system: What are symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma other than pain or swelling?
output: When you have Ewing's, you may feel pain, swelling, or stiffness in the area of the tumor (arms, legs, chest, back, or pelvis) for weeks or months. Other symptoms include: â A lump near skin that feels warm and soft to the touch â Constant low fever â Limping because your legs hurt â Bone pain that gets worse when you exercise or during the night â Broken bones without an obvious cause â Weight loss â Always being tired â Paralysis or loss of bladder control if the tumor is near your spine When you see symptoms, you should contact your doctor so she can do a diagnosis.
system: When should you see a doctor about your eye twitches?
output: Make an appointment if: The twitch lasts for more than 1 week Your eyelid closes completely Spasms involve other facial muscles You see redness, swelling, or discharge from an eye Your upper eyelid droops If your doctor suspects a brain or nerve problem is to blame, she'll check for other common signs.
system: What causes benign essential blepharospasm?
output: Causes include: Fatigue Stress Bright light, wind, or air pollution It starts with nonstop blinking or eye irritation.
system: What is a hemifacial spasm?
output: It involves both the muscles around your mouth and your eyelid. Unlike the other two types, it usually affects only one side of the face. Most often, the cause is an artery pressing on a facial nerve.
system: What causes minor eyelid twitches?
output: A minor eyelid twitch is often associated with lifestyle factors, like: Fatigue Stress Lack of sleep Use of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine It can also result from irritation of the surface of your eye (cornea) or the membranes that line your eyelids (conjunctiva).
system: How can you treat eye twitches caused by dry or irritated eyes?
output: If dry eyes or irritated eyes are the cause, try over-the-counter artificial tears. That can often ease a minor twitch.
system: How does an eye twitch happen?
output: No one knows what causes this, which your doctor might call blepharospasm. When it happens, your eyelid, usually the upper one, blinks and you can't make it stop. Sometimes it affects both eyes. The lid moves every few seconds for a minute or two.
system: What can be a more serious condition of eye twitches?
output: Sometimes, the twitch can be a sign of a more serious conditions, like: Blepharitis (inflamed eyelids) Dry eyes Light sensitivity Pinkeye Very rarely, it's a sign of a brain or nerve disorder, such as: Bell's palsy Dystonia Parkinson's disease Tourette's syndrome It can also be a side effect of certain medications.
system: How does benign essential blepharospasm show up?
output: Benign essential blepharospasm usually shows up in mid- to late-adulthood and gradually gets worse. Only about 2,000 people are year are diagnosed with it in the United States. Women are twice as likely to get it as men. It isn't a serious condition, but more severe cases can interfere with your daily life.
system: Do eye twitches go away on their own?
output: In most cases, a minor twitch will go away on its own. Make sure you get enough rest and cut back on alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
system: What are alternative treatments for eye twitches?
output: Alternative treatments include: Biofeedback Acupuncture Hypnosis Chiropractic Nutrition therapy Tinted glasses Scientific studies haven't proven these treatments work.
system: How do benign essential blepharospasms occur?
output: Researchers believe it results from a mix of environmental and genetic factors. Although the condition is usually random, it sometimes runs in families.
system: When should I see a doctor for my eye twitch?
output: Make an appointment if: The twitch lasts for more than 1 week Your eyelid closes completely Spasms involve other facial muscles You see redness, swelling, or discharge from an eye Your upper eyelid droops If your doctor suspects a brain or nerve problem is to blame, she'll check for other common signs.
system: What will your doctor do if he or she suspects a brain or nerve problem from eye twitches?
output: Make an appointment if: The twitch lasts for more than 1 week Your eyelid closes completely Spasms involve other facial muscles You see redness, swelling, or discharge from an eye Your upper eyelid droops If your doctor suspects a brain or nerve problem is to blame, she'll check for other common signs. She might refer you to a neurologist or other specialist.
system: What specific medications might the doctor prescribe for eye twitching?
output: In mild cases, your doctor might suggest medications like: Clonazepam ( Klonopin) Lorazepam ( Ativan) Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride ( Artane, Trihexane, Tritane) These usually provide only short-term relief. Alternative treatments include: Biofeedback Acupuncture Hypnosis Chiropractic Nutrition therapy Tinted glasses Scientific studies haven't proven these treatments work. If other options fail, your doctor may suggest surgery. In a procedure called a myectomy, your surgeon will remove some of the muscles and nerves around your eyelid. Surgery can also relieve the pressure of the artery on your facial nerve that causes a hemifacial spasm. The results are permanent, but as with any operation there's a chance for complications.
system: What happens when you have eye twitches?
output: Doctors think it can be linked to: Fatigue Stress Caffeine Twitches are painless, harmless, and usually go away on their own. But if the spasms are strong enough they can cause your eyelids to completely shut and then reopen.
system: What happens if you have an ocular migraine?
output: Causes include: Fatigue Stress Bright light, wind, or air pollution It starts with nonstop blinking or eye irritation. As it gets worse, you may be more sensitive to light, get blurry vision, and have facial spasms. In serious cases, the spasms can become so intense that your eyelids stay shut for up to several hours.
system: What medications cause eye twitches?
output: Sometimes, the twitch can be a sign of a more serious conditions, like: Blepharitis (inflamed eyelids) Dry eyes Light sensitivity Pinkeye Very rarely, it's a sign of a brain or nerve disorder, such as: Bell's palsy Dystonia Parkinson's disease Tourette's syndrome It can also be a side effect of certain medications. The most common include drugs that treat psychosis and epilepsy.