laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How long does a chemotherapy session take?
output: To make your life easier and more comfortable as you recover, think about how you'll take care of yourself at home before you go in for treatment. Some people schedule chemotherapy around their work hours, but many others find that they need time off, both for the treatment appointments and in the days or weeks after.
system: How much help will I need around the house during chemotherapy sessions?
output: It might be tough to cook dinner or take care of the kids if you're dealing with side effects like fatigue or nausea. Loved ones can help by cooking and freezing meals for your family ahead of time, volunteering to baby-sit, running errands, or just lending a hand around the house. Plan for pet care.
system: What is an umbilical hernia?
output: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. Before his umbilical cord falls off, you may notice that the area seems to stick out a little more when he cries. Or maybe, once the cord is gone, you see that his navel sticks out (an âoutie,â as it's commonly called). In some cases, even if you can't see a bulge, you might be able to feel one.
system: How is an umbilical hernia managed after surgery?
output: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. Most umbilical hernias don't need any treatment. As he recovers, he should avoid swimming for 5 to 10 days and sports for 2 to 3 weeks. Your doctor will want to see him for a follow-up appointment in 2 to 4 weeks.
system: How is an umbilical hernia treated?
output: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. Most umbilical hernias don't need any treatment. Usually, the hole heals on its own by the time your child is 4 or 5 years old. Even if it doesn't, it'll likely get smaller. That'll make surgery a bit easier. If the hole is large, he may recommend surgery before your child turns 4 or 5. It takes about 45 minutes, and your child will be given anesthesia so that he will not be awake. The surgeon will make a small cut just below the belly button. If any part of the intestine pokes through, he'll put it back where it belongs. The doctor will use stitches to close the hernia. He'll also sew the skin under the navel to give it an âinnieâ look. Then, he'll seal the cut with surgical glue that'll hold the edges of the wound together.
system: What are symptoms of umbilical hernia?
output: If your baby has a bulge around his belly button, he may have an umbilical hernia. You'll be able to see the hernia most clearly when your child cries, coughs, or strains as he tries to poop. Your child's doctor can tell if he has one during a physical exam. You'll want to keep a close eye on your child's hernia for signs that the intestine has been trapped in the hole and can't go back in. Doctors call this an incarcerated hernia. It can cause the area around the belly button to become painful, swollen, and even discolored. If you notice any of these symptoms, take your baby to the emergency room. Most umbilical hernias don't need any treatment.
system: Can you prevent gum disease if you have diabetes?
output: If you control your blood sugars well, you're less likely to have these problems. Studies show that people who have good control of their diabetes are less likely to have gum disease than those who don't control their diabetes well. They also tend to lose fewer teeth from gum disease. What's more, recent research shows that having gum disease may make your blood sugars worse. But prompt help for gum disease can improve your blood sugar levels.
system: Is gum disease the only mouth complication of diabetes?
output: Schedule a visit right away if you have any of these signs of gum disease: Gums that are red, swollen, sore, or bleed easily Gums that pull away from your teeth Sensitive or loose teeth Changes in the way your bite feels Dentures that don't fit right Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth Diabetes and Mouth Problems Gum disease is the most common mouth problem for people with diabetes. But diabetes raises your chances of other mouth problems, too. You can't fight infections as well, and high blood sugar makes it easier for germs and bacteria to grow in your mouth.
system: What can you do if your diabetes causes dry mouth?
output: Diabetes also makes dry mouth and problems with healing more likely. A dry mouth can cause soreness and ulcers and lead to cavities and salivary gland infections. If your mouth is dry, try drinking more water or chewing sugar-free gum. You can also use a saliva substitute, which is sold in most drugstores.
system: What should I do if I think I have thrush?
output: But it doesn't have to if you control your blood sugar. See your dentist regularly. If you have problems with healing, it may take longer for your mouth to heal after any type of dental surgery.
system: What is thrush?
output: Schedule a visit right away if you have any of these signs of gum disease: Gums that are red, swollen, sore, or bleed easily Gums that pull away from your teeth Sensitive or loose teeth Changes in the way your bite feels Dentures that don't fit right Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth Diabetes and Mouth Problems Gum disease is the most common mouth problem for people with diabetes. Having thrush can also make it hard to swallow and affects how food tastes. If you have any symptoms of thrush, see your doctor or dentist.
system: How can having diabetes affect dental surgery?
output: You may need to take an antifungal drug to treat it. Healing problems can also raise your chances of infection. Be sure to let your dentist know you have diabetes.
system: How common is heartburn?
output: Whether you're one of the lucky few who generally has an iron stomach -- or you need heartburn relief nearly every day -- rest assured: You can soothe the burn.
system: Can medicines cause heartburn?
output: Your pharmacist can answer questions about medications, side effects, and drug interactions, but can't prescribe new medications for heartburn.
system: How long does it take for heartburn treatment to work?
output: The answer depends on whether you're about to try an over-the-counter antacid or a long-term prescription drug. Each heartburn treatment works differently, but in general: Antacids like Tums work instantly, but wear off quickly. Antacids work best if taken 30 to 60 minutes before eating. Histamine blockers take effect in about an hour, but must be taken twice a day for heartburn prevention.
system: When should you see a doctor about heartburn?
output: You should schedule a visit with your doctor if you are experiencing symptoms more than twice/week, your heartburn is increasing in frequency or severity or if it persists even after taking non-prescription or prescription medications.
system: What lifestyle changes can help with treating heartburn?
output: Coffee, chocolate, carbonated drinks, fatty and spicy foods, tomatoes, citrus fruits, some dairy, and alcohol are common heartburn triggers. With heartburn, eating smaller meals and avoiding food for two to three hours before bedtime can ease symptoms. You may want to keep a heartburn diary to help determine what foods trigger the problem. Cutting out smoking and losing weight if you're overweight can also relieve heartburn.
system: What over-the-counter antacids can help with treating occasional heartburn?
output: Many doctors and pharmacists suggest over-the-counter antacids for occasional heartburn. Histamine blockers, or H2- Blockers, such as Ranitidine ( Zantac) and Famotidine ( Pepcid) can also be found over-the-counter to help relieve symptoms of acid reflux. These are good acid reducers to start with if you haven't been on any medications.
system: What medications can help with treating persistent heartburn?
output: Histamine blockers, or H2- Blockers, such as Ranitidine ( Zantac) and Famotidine ( Pepcid) can also be found over-the-counter to help relieve symptoms of acid reflux. Your pharmacist or your doctor can explain how each drug works, and what to expect.
system: How does the testosterone test work in males versus females?
output: In males, the testosterone test can help find the reason for sexual problems, like reduced sex drive or erectile dysfunction. If you're having a hard time getting your partner pregnant, the test can tell if your blood testosterone level is low. A low testosterone level can also mean a problem with the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which controls how much testosterone your body makes. In females, this test can find the reason you're missing periods, not having periods, having a hard time getting pregnant or experiencing male patterns of hair growth such as on your chest or face. Doctors can also use it to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS), which causes elevated testosterone. That's a hormone problem that can cause irregular periods and make it hard to get pregnant. Testosterone testing is part of the work-up of certain adrenal tumors.
system: What are normal total testosterone results in adult women?
output: Normal total testosterone results in adult men: Ages 19 to 49 -- 249 - 836 nanograms per deciliter (ng/d L) Ages 50 and older -- 193 - 740 ng/d L Normal total testosterone results in adult women: Ages 19 to 49 -- 8 - 48 ng/d L Ages 50 and older -- 2 - 41 ng/d L Depending on your results, you might also need one of these other tests: 17-hydroxyprogesterone.
system: Do women make testosterone too?
output: Women make testosterone too, but in smaller amounts. They produce it in their ovaries. It helps maintain hormone balance and regulates other body functions.
system: What are the signs of high testosterone in women?
output: In women, they include: Fertility problems Low sex drive Skipped or no menstrual periods Vaginal dryness Weakened bones -- osteoporosis Signs of high testosterone in women include: Acne and oily skin Darkened areas of skin Deep voice Enlarged clitoris Excess hair on the face or body Hair loss on the head (baldness) Skipped or no periods It's a simple blood test that's usually done early in the morning, when your testosterone levels are highest.
system: What are normal total testosterone results in adult men?
output: Normal total testosterone results in adult men: Ages 19 to 49 -- 249 - 836 nanograms per deciliter (ng/d L) Ages 50 and older -- 193 - 740 ng/d L Normal total testosterone results in adult women: Ages 19 to 49 -- 8 - 48 ng/d L Ages 50 and older -- 2 - 41 ng/d L Depending on your results, you might also need one of these other tests: 17-hydroxyprogesterone.
system: Why is it important to know the connection between fibromyalgia and depression?
output: Learning more about the connection between fibromyalgia and depression can help you seek appropriate medical treatment from your doctor. That includes asking your doctor about antidepressants. By following an appropriate fibromyalgia treatment plan and getting the support of family and friends, you can take control of your fibromyalgia. You can also get control over your symptoms of depression and improve your quality of life.
system: What are signs of depression with chronic pain in people with fibromyalgia?
output: The signs of depression with chronic pain may include: decreased energy difficulty concentrating or making decisions feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or irritability loss of interest in nearly all activities persistent sad or anxious mood uncontrollable tearfulness In severe cases, depression with chronic pain can lead to thoughts of death or suicide.
system: What disorders can affect my nervous system?
output: Still, things can go wrong with your nervous system just like any other part of your body. When a disorder damages it, that affects the communication between your brain, your spinal cord, and your body. Examples of these disorders include: Infections like meningitis, encephalitis, or polio Physical problems like an injury, Bell's palsy, or carpal tunnel syndrome Conditions like Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or Alzheimer's disease Issues with your blood vessels, like strokes, transient ischemic attacks ( TIAs), or subdural hematoma (when blood collects outside your brain, typically after a serious head injury) Just like other parts of your body, your brain needs sleep for rest and repair, so a good regular sleep schedule is key.
system: What protects my nervous system?
output: That network -- your nervous system -- has two parts: Your brain and spinal cord make up your central nervous system. Your brain is guarded by your skull, and your spinal cord is shielded by small bones in your spine (vertebrae) and thin coverings (membranes). They're both cushioned by a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid.
system: What are the parts of the nervous system?
output: The nerves in the rest of your body make up your peripheral nervous system. This is also how messages get from your body back to your brain and spinal cord.
system: Do chronic allergies ever go away?
output: Some people, most often children, may outgrow an allergy completely. Others find that with age, their allergy symptoms lighten up. That may be because the immune system can weaken with age, and perhaps can't muster as strong a reaction to the allergen. But as an adult, once you have an allergy, it usually doesn't go away on its own.
system: What should you know about doses in birth control pills?
output: Most versions have a combination of estrogen and progesterone. Some have more estrogen in them than others. While fewer hormones sounds like a good thing -- and it mostly is -- you should know the drawbacks when you're weighing your choices.
system: What are side effects from ultra-low-dose birth control pills?
output: Many women who take them have breakthrough bleeding, which can lead women to stop taking them. Taking your pill at exactly the same time every day may help reduce this problem, but there are no guarantees. Another issue is that women who take ultra-low-dose pills may get vaginal dryness and chronic pelvic pain. Those can make sex uncomfortable.
system: What are some low-dose birth control pill options?
output: Some examples of low-dose pills are: Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol ( Yasmin) Levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol ( Levora) Norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol ( Estrostep or Ortho- Novum) Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol ( Ortho- Tri- Cyclen Lo) Norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol ( Lo/ Ovral-28) In recent years there's been a trend toward even lower levels of hormones. "
system: What are some ultra-low-dose birth control pill options?
output: Some examples of low-dose pills are: Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol ( Yasmin) Levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol ( Levora) Norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol ( Estrostep or Ortho- Novum) Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol ( Ortho- Tri- Cyclen Lo) Norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol ( Lo/ Ovral-28) In recent years there's been a trend toward even lower levels of hormones. " Ultra-low-dose" pills have 20 micrograms of estrogen or less. Some examples are: Desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol ( Mircette) Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol ( Yaz) Levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol ( Alesse) Norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol ( Lo Loestrin Fe) Ultra-low-dose pills seem to be just as good at preventing pregnancy as higher dose options. They also come with a lower risk of side effects such as headaches and fluid retention.
system: What are other possible benefits of birth control pills?
output: Birth control pills have benefits besides contraception. They lower your risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer and can help with acne. But it's not clear if ultra-low-dose formulas do as good a job of providing these perks.
system: What are low-dose birth control pills?
output: You probably know that the pill has hormones in it to keep you from getting pregnant. The catch is that the more estrogen you take, the more likely you are to have side effects such as headaches, nausea, breast tenderness, and rare but potentially fatal blood clots. Nowadays, the highest dose available is 50 micrograms of estrogen, but even that is rarely prescribed anymore. Today, most pills have 35 micrograms or less of estrogen, an amount that's generally called "low dose." These pills are both safe and effective for most women.
system: What should I do to treat a mucocele?
output: If you or your child develops a soft swelling in the mouth, it may just be a mucocele -- a harmless cyst. It's still a good idea to get it checked out, though, especially if it's bothersome. But sometimes they enlarge. Don't try to open them or treat them yourself. See your doctor, your child's pediatrician, or your dentist for expert advice.
system: What are the symptoms of mucoceles?
output: If you or your child develops a soft swelling in the mouth, it may just be a mucocele -- a harmless cyst. Mucoceles often show up on the inside of your lower lips, your gums, the roof of your mouth, or under your tongue. Those on the floor of the mouth are called ranulas. These are rare, but because they are larger, they can cause more problems with speech, chewing, and swallowing.
system: What are the characteristics of a mucocele?
output: If you or your child develops a soft swelling in the mouth, it may just be a mucocele -- a harmless cyst. Mucoceles may have these characteristics: Moveable and painless Soft, round, dome-shaped Pearly or semi-clear surface or bluish in color 2 to 10 millimeters in diameter Mucoceles often go away without treatment.
system: What is the goal of sleep apnea treatment?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } The goal of sleep apnea treatment is to open your airway so you can breathe better at night. Many devices can help that happen. Among the most common options are CPAP machines, mouth appliances, and specially designed pillows.
system: What is the "tennis ball technique" and how does it help sleep apnea?
output: Sleeping on your side may improve your symptoms. To keep you off your back, some doctors suggest you pin a tube sock filled with a couple of tennis balls to the back of your PJs. One study of the tennis ball technique showed it did help some people. Of the 50 people who used the method and reported back, 38% said they were still doing it after 6 months. They said they had better sleep quality, more daytime alertness, and quieter snoring.
system: What does a CPAP machine do?
output: These machines use a mask that fits over your nose, or nose and mouth. It blows air at a pressure that keeps your airway open during sleep. Your doctor can tell you the right pressure to use and how to set it on the machine. Over the years, these devices have become smaller, lighter, and much quieter. Some common side effects include nasal congestion, dry mouth, and skin irritation -- but treatments can help relieve all of them.
system: How do mouth devices treat sleep apnea?
output: You can get these custom-made or buy them over the counter. This looks like a mouth guard that athletes wear. Hinges let your lower jaw ease forward, which keeps your tongue and soft palate stable so your airway stays open while you're asleep. Tongue retaining device. This is sort of like a splint that holds your tongue in place to keep your airway open. Doctors don't prescribe it as often as the MAD. You heat it in hot water, then bite into it to make it fit your mouth. You can choose from a few different models, so you should be able to find a mask that works for you.
system: What is a hypoglossal nerve stimulator?
output: Your doctor can tell you the right pressure to use and how to set it on the machine. It monitors your breathing patterns and sends signals to the nerves that control your tongue and other muscles. They move forward, and keep your airway open. The device is an option for people who've tried CPAP without any success or don't use it properly. And a few studies suggest it works about as well as the mask-machine combo. But ask your doctor if it's a good choice for you.
system: What treatment will I get if I'm hospitalized for depression?
output: While in the hospital you will usually be seen by one or more psychiatrists or a physician's assistant daily, although such one-on-one visits in the hospital tend to be brief. Formal individual psychotherapy generally doesn't occur while in the hospital, although various forms of group therapy are common, focusing on strategies such as stress management, coping with depression, and discussions about medications and their side effects.
system: What is the goal of hospitalization for depression?
output: Keep in mind that most hospital stays for depression are brief and voluntary. The goal of hospitalization is to get you on the right track by starting treatments that can be continued on an outpatient basis. When you leave the hospital you should be safe and stable and on the path to recovery.
system: How long are people hospitalized for depression?
output: The length of your stay is determined by the staff based on your clinical condition, although insurance companies can independently decide if they no longer believe continued hospitalization is "medically necessary." In this situation, they may refuse to pay for ongoing treatment in the hospital.
system: How long will insurance cover my hospitalization for depression?
output: Some health insurance policies will cover hospitalization for a limited amount of time. Others won't cover it at all. However, under the 2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act ( MHPAEA), part of Obamacare, insurance companies cannot impose less favorable benefits on mental health coverage than on medical/surgical benefits, including necessary hospitalization. Before a person can be hospitalized, some insurers require that he or she be evaluated by an evaluator under contract with their company. Very few insurers will cover a hospital stay for depression that isn't an emergency.
system: What are the rules when you're hospitalized for depression?
output: Even if you are admitted to the hospital on a voluntary basis, you usually cannot leave whenever you want. The hospital may strictly control visits from family and friends and limit the items you can take in with you, like cell phones or laptop computers. Sharp objects like razors that you may bring with you will usually be kept by staff in a safe place, and you may be asked to not wear shoe laces or belts. You may be on a locked ward for at least some of your stay. You may also be expected to follow a certain schedule.
system: Why would I need to go to the hospital for my depression?
output: Usually, a stay in the hospital is just a way for you to recover in a safe and stable environment. This allows you to take a break from some of the daily stresses that contributed to your depression.
system: Could I be hospitalized for depression against my will?
output: Once there, a hospital doctor will talk to you and decide whether you actually need to be hospitalized. While the doctor has the final say whether you get admitted, friends or family members can be involved by providing input about your symptoms and functioning to the health care professionals who are evaluating you. If a doctor believes that involuntary hospitalization is necessary, the hospital has the right to evaluate your condition, usually for several days, before asking a judge whether ongoing involuntary hospitalization and medications or other treatments are medically warranted and can therefore be administered against your will. Before a person can be hospitalized, some insurers require that he or she be evaluated by an evaluator under contract with their company.
system: How often is depression treated on an outpatient basis?
output: But, in cases of severe depression or treatment-resistant depression, some people need to stay in the hospital for a short time. The goal of hospitalization is to get you on the right track by starting treatments that can be continued on an outpatient basis.