laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How are spring allergies diagnosed?
output: You may have: Runny nose Watery eyes Sneezing Coughing Itchy eyes and nose Dark circles under the eyes Start with your regular doctor. She may refer you to an allergist for tests. The allergy specialist may give you a skin test, which involves either a pricking the surface of the skin with a tiny amount of allergen (prick test), or injecting a tiny sample of a diluted allergen under the skin of your arm or back. If you're allergic to the substance, a small red bump (called a wheal or hive) will form. Sometimes, you may get a blood test.
system: Are there natural remedies for spring allergies?
output: Nasal irrigation uses a combination of warm water, about a quarter-teaspoon of salt, and a quarter-teaspoon of baking soda to clear out mucus and open sinus passages. You can use a squeeze bottle or a neti pot, which looks like a small teapot. Use distilled, sterile, or previously boiled water to make up the solution. It's also important to rinse the irrigation device after each use and leave open to air dry. Some others have mixed research on how much they help: Butterbur. Stinging nettle.
system: What are tips for your attitude, exercise, and diet to help to manage stress?
output: Here are some tips to help you keep stress at bay. Keep a positive attitude. Accept that there are events that you cannot control. Be assertive instead of aggressive. Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, defensive, or passive. Learn and practice relaxation techniques; try meditation, yoga, or tai-chi for stress management. Exercise regularly. Your body can fight stress better when it is fit. Eat healthy, well-balanced meals.
system: How can I get support to help manage stress?
output: Get enough rest and sleep. Seek treatment with a psychologist or other mental health professional trained in stress management or biofeedback techniques to learn healthy ways of dealing with the stress in your life.
system: How can sudden changes in air pressure cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
output: Sudden changes in air pressure: Things like scuba diving or riding in an airplane while it lands may cause fluid in the inner ear to shift, causing a leakage or rupture. This may lead to inner ear nerve damage.
system: How can too much earwax cause conductive hearing loss?
output: Causes include: Too much earwax: Doctors call this cerumen obstruction. Using a cotton swab can push the wax deeper into your ear. When it builds up, you don't hear as well. Your doctor can easily get rid of the wax during an office visit.
system: How can Meniere's disease cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
output: Meniere's disease: This chronic condition can cause hearing loss that comes and goes, along with ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and vertigo.
system: How can swimmer's ear cause conductive hearing loss?
output: Swimmer's ear: Your doctor may call this otitis externa. Water causes this infection of the outer ear canal. If your ear swells a lot, you might lose some hearing.
system: How can aging cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
output: There are many causes: Aging: Simply growing older may make sensorineural hearing loss more likely. You may hear a doctor say "presbycusis." This is age-related hearing loss. It tends to run in families. You may first notice trouble hearing high-pitched sounds.
system: How can autoimmune inner ear disease cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
output: Autoimmune inner ear disease: This rare condition causes various levels of hearing loss in both ears, which slowly gets worse over weeks to months. You may also have ringing in the ears and a feeling of fullness in the ears.
system: How is hearing loss treated?
output: Medicine or surgery can treat some types of hearing loss. Others are permanent, but hearing aids or implants can help. It only takes a few minutes for a doctor to figure out which type you have.
system: What is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
output: It's usually permanent. A hearing aid or cochlear implant may make things better. This may lead to inner ear nerve damage.
system: How does sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) happen?
output: The loud music of your youth or simply aging may be to blame. Other causes of sensorineural hearing loss include: Diseases of the central nervous system Ear structure problems The growth of bone in your middle ear, called otosclerosis Most of the time, this type happens slowly. Hearing loss typically affects one ear. If yours comes on suddenly, it's a medical emergency. Medicine may be able to treat it.
system: What things are stuck in the ear canal that can cause conductive hearing loss?
output: Water causes this infection of the outer ear canal. Doctors often see this in children. If a bug is stuck in your ear (uncommon, but it does happen), you may have a hard time hearing and your ear may be very itchy.
system: What can you do if you have trouble hearing?
output: You may get one if your eardrum collapses. This is the most common form of permanent hearing loss. It can also be a side effect of some medications.
system: What are common names for seborrheic dermatitis?
output: These medical conditions can also raise your risk: Acne AIDS Alcoholism Depression Eating disorders Epilepsy Heart attack or stroke recovery Parkinson's disease Psoriasis Rosacea Dandruff and cradle cap are common names for seborrheic dermatitis. Babies 3 months and younger often get cradle cap: crusty yellow or brown scales on their scalp. It usually goes away before they're a year old, although it can come back when they reach puberty.
system: What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in adults?
output: Adults with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp can use an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains one of these key ingredients: Coal tar Ketoconazole Salicylic acid Selenium sulfide Zinc pyrithione For infants with cradle cap, shampoo their scalp daily with warm water and baby shampoo.
system: What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in babies?
output: Adults with seborrheic dermatitis on their scalp can use an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains one of these key ingredients: Coal tar Ketoconazole Salicylic acid Selenium sulfide Zinc pyrithione For infants with cradle cap, shampoo their scalp daily with warm water and baby shampoo. If that doesn't help, talk to your pediatrician about medicated shampoos before you try one. A dandruff shampoo could irritate your baby's scalp. To soften thick patches first, rub mineral oil onto the area and brush gently with a baby hairbrush to help peel the scales off.
system: What should you do if your child has a fever?
output: Your child's body is raising its temperature to kill the germs. If he's younger, ask your doctor how much to give him. Another option is ibuprofen if your child is at least 6 months old. There's a lot you can do to make him feel better. Put a cool compress on his head and keep his room at a moderate temperature -- not too hot and not too cold. Dress him in one layer of light clothing and offer a light blanket. You can also cool him off with a lukewarm sponge bath. And don't forget -- make sure he drinks a lot of fluids. If the doctor says it's OK to use a cough or cold medicine, then read the label before you buy and pick the one that most closely matches your child's symptoms.
system: Why should I talk to the surgeon before undergoing back surgery?
output: That said, any operation has some degree of risk, including: Reaction to anesthesia or other drugs Bleeding Infection Blood clots, for instance in your legs or lungs Heart attack Stroke Herniated disk Nerve damage, which can lead to weakness, paralysis, pain, sexual dysfunction, or loss of bowel or bladder control The odds that something could go wrong go up for people with certain health conditions. They also vary by type of surgery. Part of your surgeon's job is to identify potential problems. So talk it over before you head to the OR.
system: What's the biggest rsk of back surgery?
output: The biggest risk of back surgery: Not knowing for sure if it's going to help with your pain. The best thing you can do is talk openly with your surgeon so he knows what's going on with your health and you know what to expect before you go into the operating room.
system: What are the risks of back surgery?
output: Most people who get back surgery have minimal, if any, complications. That said, any operation has some degree of risk, including: Reaction to anesthesia or other drugs Bleeding Infection Blood clots, for instance in your legs or lungs Heart attack Stroke Herniated disk Nerve damage, which can lead to weakness, paralysis, pain, sexual dysfunction, or loss of bowel or bladder control The odds that something could go wrong go up for people with certain health conditions.
system: What is foraminotomy?
output: The surgeon cuts away bone at the sides of your vertebrae to widen the space where nerves exit your spine. The extra room may relieve pressure on the nerves and ease your pain. Like a laminectomy, this procedure can also make your spine less stable. So the surgeon may do a spinal fusion at the same time. That'll increase the amount of time you need for recovery.
system: What is a dixkectomy?
output: In a diskectomy, the surgeon removes all or part of the disk. He may have to make a big cut in your back, or he may be able to do it through a small one called microdiscectomy. Microdiscectomy is performed with an operating microscope through a smaller incision than open discectomy and has become the standard surgical procedure for lumbar disc herniation. Sometimes a diskectomy is part of a larger surgery that includes laminectomy, foraminotomy, or spinal fusion.
system: What are the benefits of back surgery?
output: Often, the result is more than just a drop in pain. You may find: You can move around better. You're more physically fit. Your mood improves. You don't need to take as much pain medicine. You can go back to work. You're more productive at work.
system: What is laminectomy?
output: In this procedure, a surgeon removes parts of the bone, bone spurs, or ligaments in your back. This relieves pressure on spinal nerves and can ease pain or weakness, but the procedure can make your spine less stable. If that happens, you'll probably need a spinal fusion as well. Doctors sometimes do the two procedures together. Like a laminectomy, this procedure can also make your spine less stable.
system: What is disk replacement surgery?
output: In a diskectomy, the surgeon removes all or part of the disk. Unlike fusion, this lets you continue to move your spine. Recovery time may be shorter than for a spinal fusion, too. But there is a slight chance the new disk could slip or fall out of place and require repair.
system: What is spinal fusion?
output: The doctor will join spinal bones, called vertebrae, together. This limits the motion between them and how far your nerves can stretch. But it probably won't limit your activity. It's rare, but the bones don't always fuse completely. If it happens, you may need another operation to fix it. This is the most common surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.
system: How do you remove a tick?
output: If the tick is attached to the person's skin, remove it immediately: Wearing gloves, grasp the tick with clean tweezers as close to the skin as possible to remove the head and mouthparts. If some mouthparts remain, do not try to remove them, as your body will expel them naturally. Pull the tick straight out gently and steadily. Do not twist. Do not try to remove tick with a hot match or petroleum jelly. This could cause the tick to regurgitate infected fluids into the wound. Save the tick in a container of alcohol to show the doctor.
system: How is an Achilles tendon injury diagnosed?
output: Your doctor will do a physical exam. She may want to see you walk or run to look for problems that might have led to your injury. She also might do something called the calf squeeze test. You'll kneel on a chair or bench or lie on your stomach on the exam table. Then she'll gently squeeze the calf muscle on your healthy leg. This will pull on the tendon and make your foot move. Next, she'll do the same thing on your other leg. If your Achilles tendon is torn, your foot won't move because your calf muscle won't be connected to your foot.
system: What can make you more likely to get an Achilles tendon injury?
output: These things also can make you more likely to have this kind of injury: You wear high heels, which can stress the tendon. You have "flat feet," also called fallen arches. This means that when you take a step, the impact causes the arch of your foot to collapse, stretching the muscles and tendons. Your leg muscles or tendons are too tight. You take medicines called glucocorticoids or antibiotics called fluoroquinolones.
system: What causes an Achilles tendon injury?
output: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land.
system: What are the symptoms of an Achilles tendon injury?
output: The most obvious sign is pain above your heel, especially when you stretch your ankle or stand on your toes. It may be mild and get better or worse over time. If the tendon ruptures, the pain is instant and severe. The area may also feel tender, swollen, and stiff. If your Achilles tendon tears, you may hear a snapping or popping noise when it happens. You could have bruising and swelling, too. You also may have trouble pointing your toes and pushing off your toes when you take a step.
system: How do people usually get an Achilles tendon injury?
output: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. For instance, a sprinter might get one at the start of a race as he surges off the starting block. The abrupt action can be too much for the tendon to handle. Men over 30 are particularly prone to Achilles tendon injuries.
system: What is the treatment for an Achilles tendon injury?
output: Minor to moderate Achilles tendon injuries should heal on their own. To speed the process, you can: Rest your leg. Avoid putting weight on your leg as best you can. You may need crutches. Ice it. Ice your injury for up to 20 minutes at a time as needed. Compress your leg. Use an elastic bandage around the lower leg and ankle to keep down swelling. Raise (elevate) your leg. Prop your leg up on a pillow when you're sitting or lying down. Take anti-inflammatory painkillers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen will help with pain and swelling. Follow the instructions on the label to help prevent side effects, such as bleeding and ulcers. Take them with food. Check with your doctor first if you have any allergies, medical problems or take any other medication. If you need them for longer than 7 to 10 days, call your doctor. Use a heel lift. Your doctor may recommend that you wear an insert in your shoe while you recover. It will help protect your Achilles tendon from further stretching. Practice stretching and strengthening exercises as recommended by your doctor, physical therapist, or other health care provider.
system: What is an Achilles tendon injury?
output: You can feel it -- a springy band of tissue at the back of your ankle and above your heel. It lets you point your toes toward the floor and raise up on your tiptoes. It's common for this tendon to get injured. It can be mild or moderate and feel like a burning pain or stiffness in that part of your leg. If the pain is severe, your Achilles tendon may be partly torn or completely ruptured. If the tendon ruptures, the pain is instant and severe.
system: Can I prevent an Achilles tendon injury?
output: Achilles tendon injuries are common in people who do things where they quickly speed up, slow down, or pivot, such as: Running Gymnastics Dance Football Baseball Softball Basketball Tennis Volleyball These injuries tend to happen when you start moving suddenly as you push off and lift your foot rather than when you land. Wear shoes with good support that fit well. Stop exercising if you feel pain or tightness in the back of your calf or heel.
system: When will I feel better from an Achilles tendon injury?
output: Check with your doctor first if you have any allergies, medical problems or take any other medication. It may take months, but it depends on how serious your injury is. Different conditions heal at different rates. You can still be active while your injury heals. Ask your doctor what's OK to do. But don't rush things. Don't try to return to your old level of physical activity until: You can move your leg as easily and freely as your uninjured leg. Your leg feels as strong as your uninjured leg.
system: What are signs of dehydration in children?
output: What signs of dehydration should we watch for?
system: Are some children more prone to dehydration or heat illness than others?
output: One of the biggest risk factors: a previous episode of dehydration or heat illness. Other factors that can put your child at greater risk for heat illness include obesity, recent illness (especially if the child has been vomiting or has had diarrhea), and use of antihistamines or diuretics. Lack of acclimatization to hot weather and exercising beyond their level of fitness can also lead to heat illness in young athletes. "
system: What are symptoms of mal de debarquement syndrome?
output: Mainly, you feel like you're rocking, swaying, or bobbing when there's no reason for it. You might feel unsteady and even stagger a bit. Other symptoms include: Anxiety Confusion Depression Feeling very tired Having a hard time focusing Your symptoms may go away when you ride in a car or train, but they'll come back when you stop moving.
system: How is mal de debarquement syndrome diagnosed?
output: It's a rare condition, so it may take a few visits to figure it out. Your doctor probably will want to rule out other causes for your symptoms with things like: Blood tests A hearing exam Imaging scans of your brain An exam that makes sure your nervous system is working the way it should An exam to test your vestibular system, which keeps you balanced and steady If you've had the symptoms for more than a month and the tests don't turn up any reason for them, your doctor may tell you that you have mal de debarquement syndrome.
system: How can you prevent mal de debarquement syndrome?
output: There's no sure way. If you've had mal de debarquement syndrome before, it's probably best to stay away from the type of motion that brought it on. If you can't do that, check with your doctor to see if a medication might work for you.
system: What is mal de debarquement syndrome?
output: When you head out to sea on a cruise ship, your brain and body have to get used to the constant motion. When you get back on shore, you need time to get your land legs back. Mainly, you feel like you're rocking, swaying, or bobbing when there's no reason for it. It's a rare condition, so it may take a few visits to figure it out. If you've had mal de debarquement syndrome before, it's probably best to stay away from the type of motion that brought it on.
system: What are some treatments for mal de debarquement syndrome?
output: This uses electrical signals to change how your brain works. There's no drug made just for mal de debarquement syndrome, but certain medications used to treat things like depression, anxiety, or insomnia may help some people. Drugs used for motion sickness won't help. Vestibular rehabilitation. Your doctor can show you special exercises to help you with steadiness and balance. Exercise, managing stress, and getting rest may give you some relief. If you can't do that, check with your doctor to see if a medication might work for you.
system: What do high bilirubin levels mean for newborns?
output: High bilirubin levels are common in newborns.
system: What causes high total bilirubin?
output: High total bilirubin may be caused by: Anemia Cirrhosis A reaction to a blood transfusion Gilbert syndrome -- a common, inherited condition in which there is a deficiency of an enzyme that helps to break down bilirubin. Viral hepatitis A reaction to drugs Alcoholic liver disease Gallstones Very strenuous exercise, such as marathon running, can increase your bilirubin levels.
system: What do bilirubin levels mean?
output: Bilirubin is an orange-yellow pigment that occurs normally when part of your red blood cells break down. Another option is that there's a problem somewhere along the pathway that gets the bilirubin out of your liver and into your stool.
system: What happens during a bilirubin test?
output: With newborns, blood is usually drawn by using a needle to break the skin of the heel. Your doctor will send the blood to a lab for analysis. Before the test, tell your doctor about how active you've been and what food and medicines you've taken. Certain medications may alter your results. After the test, you'll be able to continue with your normal activities right away. It travels in the blood to the liver.
system: What are the different types of bilirubin?
output: A bilirubin test measures the amount of bilirubin in your blood. The blood is collected in a tube. It can also give levels of two different types of bilirubin: unconjugated and conjugated. Unconjugated (âindirectâ) bilirubin. This is the bilirubin once it reaches the liver and undergoes a chemical change. It moves to the intestines before being removed through your stool.
system: What fears do people with social anxiety disorder have?
output: But in general, it's an overwhelming fear of: Being judged by others in social situations Being embarrassed or humiliated -- and showing it by blushing, sweating, or shaking Accidentally offending someone Being the center of attention Again, the experience may be different for everyone, but if you have social anxiety and you're in a stressful situation, you might have physical symptoms like: Rapid heartbeat Muscle tension Dizziness and lightheadedness Stomach trouble and diarrhea Inability to catch breath â Out-of-bodyâ sensation You may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it.
system: When does social anxiety occur?
output: Anyone with social anxiety disorder can experience it in different ways. But here are some common situations that people tend to have trouble with: Talking to strangers Speaking in public Dating Making eye contact Entering rooms Using public restrooms Going to parties Eating in front of other people Going to school or work Starting conversations Some of these situations might not cause a problem for you. For example, giving a speech may be easy, but going to a party might be a nightmare. Or you could be great at one-on-one conversations but not at stepping into a crowded classroom.
system: What does social anxiety disorder feel like?
output: But in general, it's an overwhelming fear of: Being judged by others in social situations Being embarrassed or humiliated -- and showing it by blushing, sweating, or shaking Accidentally offending someone Being the center of attention Again, the experience may be different for everyone, but if you have social anxiety and you're in a stressful situation, you might have physical symptoms like: Rapid heartbeat Muscle tension Dizziness and lightheadedness Stomach trouble and diarrhea Inability to catch breath â Out-of-bodyâ sensation You may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it. Afterward, you could spend a lot of time and mental energy worrying about how you acted.