laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Is the magnetic resonance imaging exam safe?
output: The MRI exam poses no risk to the average person if appropriate safety guidelines are followed. Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea.
system: What happens during the magnetic resonance imaging exam?
output: You may be asked to wear a hospital gown during the MRI scan. As the MRI scan begins, you will hear the equipment making a variety of different sounds, including a muffled thumping sound or banging sound that will last for several minutes at a time. Other than that sound, you should experience no unusual sensations during the scanning. Certain MRI exams require an injection of a contrast material. This helps identify abnormalities in certain parts of the body on the scan images.
system: What conditions should your doctor know about before a magnetic resonance imaging exam?
output: Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea. Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam.
system: What happens before the magnetic resonance imaging  exam?
output: Personal items such as your watch, wallet (including any credit cards with magnetic strips that can be erased by the magnet), and jewelry should be left at home if possible or removed prior to the MRI scan. Secured lockers are available to store personal possessions.
system: Why do you need to get magnetic resonance imaging?
output: To detect MS. MRI is considered the best test to help diagnose MS. However, 5% of people with MS do not have abnormalities detected on MRI; thus, a "negative" scan does not completely rule out MS. In addition, some common changes of aging may look like MS on a MRI.
system: How long does an MRI take?
output: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam. In most cases, the procedure takes 40 to 80 minutes; during that time, several dozen images may be taken.
system: Is an MRI safe?
output: The MRI exam poses no risk to the average person if appropriate safety guidelines are followed. Many people who have had heart surgery and people with the following medical devices can be safely examined with MRI (the metals used in these surgeries are not "magnetic" and the person can be safely placed in the MRI machine): Artificial joints Staples Many cardiac valve replacements (check with your doctor) Disconnected medication pumps Vena cava filters Brain shunt tubes for hydrocephalus Some conditions may make an MRI exam a bad idea. Tell your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: Heart pacemaker Cerebral aneurysm clip (metal clip on a blood vessel in the brain) Pregnancy Implanted insulin pump (for treatment of diabetes), narcotics pump (for pain medication), or implanted spinal cord stimulators for chronic pain Metal in the eye or eye socket Cochlear (ear) implant for hearing impairment Implanted spine stabilization rods (newer titanium rods and plates are fine) Severe lung disease (such as tracheomalacia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) Heartburn Obesity (weighing more than 300 pounds may limit which machine can be used) Not able to lie on your back for 30 to 60 minutes Claustrophobia (which can be handled with sedation) Allow two hours for your MRI exam.
system: Can multiple sclerosis be diagnosed with an MRI?
output: Disease-related changes in the brain or spinal cord are detected by MRI in more than 90% of people suspected of having MS. MRI is a test that produces very clear pictures of the human body without the use of X-rays. To detect MS. MRI is considered the best test to help diagnose MS.
system: What are the symptoms of sickle cell crisis?
output: The most common sign is pain that might be dull, stabbing, throbbing, or sharp, and seems to come out of nowhere. How severe it is and how long it lasts varies with different people and different crises. Some people have crises here and there, while others may have them every month.
system: What are at home treatments for sickle cell crisis?
output: Often, you can treat the pain at home. When a crisis first starts, your doctor will likely suggest you drink plenty of liquids and take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Talk to your doctor to see what's safe for you. For example, if you have a kidney problem, acetaminophen might be the better choice. For more severe pain, your doctor may give you a stronger medicine. You can also try a heating pad, hot bath, or a massage. Physical therapy may provide some relief, too. And don't forget to tend to your mind. Counseling, relaxation methods like meditation, and seeking support from family and friends are key steps in keeping yourself well. If you can't manage the pain at home, go to an emergency room, where they can give you stronger pain medicine. You may need to stay in the hospital until the pain is under control.
system: What are the causes of sickle cell crisis?
output: You might feel the pain anywhere in your body and in more than one place, but it's often in your: Arms and legs Belly Chest Hands and feet (more typical in young children) Lower back You may also have: Breathing problems Extreme tiredness Headache or dizziness Painful erections in males Weakness or a hard time moving some parts of your body Yellowish skin color (jaundice) Typically, you won't know why you had a crisis, and there may be more than one cause. Possible triggers include: Being at high altitudes (mountain climbing, for example) Changes in temperature, like if you go from a warm house into a cold winter day and you haven't bundled up Illness Not having enough to drink (dehydration) Stress Two new drugs have shown promise.
system: How are bladder infections treated?
output: If it doesn't, it's usually treated with antibiotics. You usually start to feel better in a day or so, but be sure take all the medicine as directed. Women with a basic infection usually take antibiotics for 3 to 7 days, though some doctors may give you an antibiotic you can take just once. For stronger infections, or if you get them often, you may take antibiotics for 7 to 10 days. And, if you have another health condition, such as diabetes, you may get a stronger antibiotic to take over a longer time. For women past menopause, your doctor may also suggest a vaginal cream with estrogen, if it's safe for you. For men who have a bladder infection caused by a prostate infection, you may be on antibiotics for several weeks. Your doctor may also give you medicine to help with symptoms such as pain or the constant urge to pee.
system: How is a UTI diagnosed?
output: You'll take a urine test. Your doctor will test it for bacteria and red and white blood cells. A urine culture may also be checked.
system: What are the symptoms of a UTI?
output: If you have a UTI, you may have: An urgent need to pee, or peeing more often Trouble with peeing A burning sensation or cramps in your lower back or lower belly A burning feeling when you pee Urine that looks cloudy or has an odor Hormones are one reason.
system: Where does a UTI happen?
output: A urinary tract infection happens in the body's urinary system, which includes your: Kidneys Ureters (tubes that carries urine from your kidneys to your bladder) Bladder Urethra (a short tube that carries urine from your bladder to outside your body) Bacteria cause most UTIs.
system: What's the treatment for a UTI?
output: You'll take antibiotics for 3-7 days or as your doctor recommends. Take all of your medication on schedule anyway. Don't stop it early, even if your symptoms fade.
system: What should you do if you get a UTI during pregnancy?
output: Most of these infections are limited to the bladder and urethra. But sometimes they can lead to a kidney infection. If they do, UTIs may lead to preterm labor (giving birth too early) and low birth weight. Your symptoms should go away in 3 days. If you need a lubricant when you have sex, choose a water-based one.
system: How can someone help someone during an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?
output: How to help: Call a doctor right away. AFib episodes rarely cause serious problems, but they'll need to get checked out with a physical exam. If they're uncomfortable or their heart is beating rapidly, call 911 or go to an emergency room. Doctors may use medications or a device called a defibrillator to help their heart go back to a normal rhythm.
system: What are the symptoms of a stroke?
output: The symptoms: Remember the initials F. A. S. T. Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911 Stroke can also bring on a severe headache, vision problems, dizziness, confusion, trouble speaking, or numbness or weakness on one side of the body. How to help: Call 911.
system: What is an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?
output: What it is: When the heart beats irregularly, causing it to flutter, race, pound, or noticeably skip beats, that's an AFib episode.
system: How can someone help someone who is having a heart attack?
output: How to help: If they have these warning signs, call 911 right away, even if you're not sure it's a heart attack. It's better to be wrong than to wait too long. The 911 operator will stay on the phone with you until help arrives. Tell them that the person has AFib. They may give you specific instructions for while you wait.
system: How does listing medications and other health conditions for atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients help medical professionals?
output: To get started, make a list of their health conditions and the medications they take. That way, you can share the list with medical professionals during any emergency. If your loved one takes blood thinners, they should wear a medical bracelet or tag saying so. You'll also want to know what happens during an AFib episode, heart attack, and stroke, and the different warning signs of each.
system: What are the symptoms of a heart attack?
output: The symptoms: The main ones are discomfort, pain, pressure, or heaviness in the chest. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion. Important: Women don't always have "typical" symptoms. They may vomit or feel tingling or pain in their back, shoulders, arm, or jaw.
system: What are the symptoms of an atrial fibrillation (AFib) episode?
output: The symptoms: Your loved one may be very tired and short of breath. They may feel faint, anxious, or confused.
system: What is a heart attack?
output: What it is: A heart attack happens when blood doesn't flow to the organ like it should because of a blockage. This can damage its tissue and could be deadly.
system: How can an irregular heartbeat cause complications?
output: When you're prepared to spot and handle what's going on, you can help your loved one get the medical care they need faster, and ease your worries, too. A heart attack can also cause shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and exhaustion.
system: Are there potential side effects of systemic psoriasis drugs?
output: At the same time, systemic psoriasis drugs can have more side effects. Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you.
system: What are the different levels of psoriasis?
output: Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected.
system: How is the severity of psoriasis divided?
output: If you're thinking about systemic treatment, think about how severe your psoriasis is. Doctors divide people with psoriasis according to how much skin is affected: Mild to moderate or limited psoriasis: Less than 3% of total body surface is affected. ( For reference, the palm of the hand is about 1% of your body area.) Moderate psoriasis: 3% to 10% of your body surface has it. Severe psoriasis: More than 10% is affected. A doctors' rule of thumb: Topical therapies can help limited psoriasis. For moderate to severe psoriasis, putting topical creams to all the skin that's affected may be unrealistic. Most doctors recommend systemic treatment, in that case. Doctors also often recommend that people still use topical creams, solutions, or ointments while taking systemic treatments. The combination leads to better results than either treatment used alone.
system: What are the topical therapies used to treat psoriasis?
output: A topical therapy is any psoriasis treatment that's put on the skin. Absorption into the bloodstream and other effects to your body are minimal. Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body.
system: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis?
output: Common topical treatments include: Corticosteroids (such as hydrocortisone, fluocinonide, or triamcinolone), moisturizers, anthralin, calcipotriene, calcitriol, coal tar, tacrolimus, and tazarotene Ultraviolet light (phototherapy) that focuses only on affected areas of skin Systemic treatments, working on the entire body, often act on the immune system to ease psoriasis over large areas of the body. These treat moderate to severe psoriasis. Advanced psoriasis treatments include: Oral medications (pills) like acitretin ( Soriatane), apremilast ( Otezla), cyclosporine, and methotrexate Biologic therapies, including adalimumab ( Humira), brodalumab ( Siliq), certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia), etanercept ( Enbrel), guselkumab ( Tremfya), infliximab ( Remicade), ixekizumab ( Taltz), secukinumab ( Cosentyx), and ustekinumab ( Stelara). These are injectable drugs. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.
system: How can the severity of your psoriasis affect you?
output: Knowing the benefits and risks of these treatments can help you and your doctor figure out if they're right for you. These are injectable drugs. Doctors and people with psoriasis don't always agree on what's mild and what's serious. Psoriasis can affect self-image and make people self-conscious. This can even lead to depression and social isolation.
system: What are systemic treatments for advanced psoriasis treatments?
output: These can be more effective and convenient than topicals. Phototherapy, or ultraviolet light treatment to the whole body While systemic treatments are far more effective than topicals, they can have more side effects.
system: How is psychodynamic therapy different from other therapies for depression?
output: Psychodynamic therapy is one of three main types of therapy used to treat depression. The other two are cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) and interpersonal therapy ( IPT). With IPT the emphasis is on identifying issues and problems in interpersonal relationships and learning ways to address and improve them. Both CBT and IPT are also time-limited, short-term therapies. In psychodynamic therapy, the patient is encouraged to talk freely about whatever happens to be on his or her mind. Another distinction between the types of therapies is that psychodynamic therapy is not necessarily a short-term, time-limited treatment.
system: What is psychodynamic therapy, and how can it help treat depression?
output: Psychodynamic therapy is the kind of talk therapy many people imagine when they think of psychological treatment for depression. That's because the image of the psychiatrist and patient probing the past is a staple of our popular culture. It can be found on sitcoms or in jokes. By making the unconscious elements of their life a part of their present experience, psychodynamic therapy helps people understand how their behavior and mood are affected by unresolved issues and unconscious feelings.
system: How can apps help me manage my chemotherapy?
output: It's important to eat right when you're getting cancer treatment. Many hospitals also have websites and apps where you can make appointments, check your test results, or order prescriptions. A slew of apps can help you make sure you take your drugs on time.
system: What are symptoms of liver disease in dogs?
output: Your dog's symptoms may include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Vomiting or diarrhea Increased thirst An unstable walk Increased need to pee Confusion Yellowish eyes, tongue, or gums (jaundice) Signs of weakness Blood in his pee or poop Seizures Ascites (a build-up of fluid in the belly) If your dog's liver disease isn't caught early, it can lead to a serious brain condition called hepatic encephalopathy.
system: How do vets diagnose liver problems in dogs?
output: Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications. The vet may want to do blood tests and X-rays or an ultrasound to get a picture of what is going on with your dog's liver. He may also want to take a biopsy -- remove a small tissue sample for testing.
system: What causes liver problems in dogs?
output: Sometimes it's genetic. But it can also be brought on by infection or trauma to the area. Some diseases and medications can hurt your dog's liver. Other causes of liver disease may include: Some plants and herbs such as ragwort, certain mushrooms, and blue-green algae Molds that grow on corn Untreated heartworms Diabetes Issues with the pancreas Use of painkillers Fatty foods If your dog has some symptoms of liver problems, your vet may ask you about his diet and medications.
system: How do you prevent liver disease in dogs?
output: Take him to the vet for his yearly exams and vaccinations. Make sure your vet is aware of any drugs or supplements he may take. Be mindful of what you feed your dog. Fatty foods can hurt his liver. And don't let your dog roam free in areas where there may be poisonous plants or insects.
system: How do you treat liver disease in dogs?
output: Your dog's treatment will depend on how soon you catch the problem and what caused it. Your dog may need a special diet to make sure he's getting the nutrients and calories needed to help his liver. Supplements such as SAM- E or milk thistle may help the liver recover. Medications may help control his liver problems. You may also need to change your dog's other medications or reduce how much he takes. Surgery may be an option for dogs with tumors or cysts.
system: What should I expect during pericardiocentesis?
output: You will get a mild sedative to relax you, but you will be conscious during the procedure. An IV (intravenous) line is inserted into your hand or arm in case fluids or medications are needed. The doctor will use a local anesthetic to numb an area on your chest. A needle will be inserted, and then a catheter (a thin plastic tube) will be threaded into the sac around your heart. The doctor may use an X-ray or echocardiogram machine to make sure the catheter is in the right spot. The doctor will then drain the fluid around your heart.
system: Why is pericardiocentesis performed?
output: Your doctor uses it to: Find out if the fluid around your heart is caused by problems such as infection or cancer Relieve symptoms, like shortness of breath, that are caused by the fluid around your heart Your doctor or nurse will tell you what you can and can't eat or drink before it.
system: What should I expect after having pericardiocentesis?
output: Your doctor will monitor you for several hours. If the operation isn't successful, more procedures may be needed to drain fluid from around the heart or to thin out the pericardium to relieve pressure.
system: What are the risks of pericardiocentesis?
output: Pericardiocentesis, also called a pericardial tap, is a procedure in which a needle and catheter remove fluid from the pericardium, the sac around your heart. But he procedure may: Bring on an irregular heart rhythm Cause cardiac arrest Cause a heart attack Puncture the heart, liver, lung, or stomach
system: What is mutation testing for gastrointestinal-stromal tumors?
output: At this time, mutation testing is recommended for everyone with GIST. Testing for the Kit mutation will be positive in 87% of cases of GIST. Testing for the PDGFRA genetic mutation will be positive in 4% of GIST cases. How is this cancer staged?
system: What does surgery for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor consist of?
output: The primary treatment of GIST is surgery to remove the tumor, if possible (85% of the time). Surgery is recommended for any tumor over 2 cm in size. The actual surgical procedure will differ depending on where the tumor is located. It may be done using laparoscopic or open surgical techniques. The surgeon will remove the tumor and a small area of tissue surrounding the tumor, taking care not to rupture the tumor, which would cause cancer cells to spill into the abdomen.
system: What other treatment options are available for a gastrointestinal-stromal tumor if Imatinib (Gleevec) can't be used?
output: If you can't take Gleevec or become resistant to it over time, another drug called sunitinib ( Sutent) is available. The drug regorafenib ( Stivarga) is used to treat patients who have tumors that cannot be surgically removed and no longer respond to Gleevec or Sutent. Other drugs such as sorafenib ( Nexavar), dasatinib ( Sprycel), and nilotinib ( Tasigna) are currently under study for GIST. Research has found that chemotherapy and radiation are not effective in the treatment of GIST.