laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can I prevent and treat constipation  without medication?
output: Drink plenty of water (60-80 ounces per day). An extra 2 to 4 glasses a day may help. Eat prunes or bran cereal. 20-35 grams of fiber per day Eat more vegetables and fruit. Drink warm water or herbal tea in the morning. Exercise often.
system: What are prokinetics?
output: Prokinetics help your stomach empty faster, so you have less acid left behind. Usually you take this medicine before meals and at bedtime. Prokinetics are sold only by prescription.
system: How can I treat hemorrhoids without medication?
output: This will make it easier to have bowel movements and reduce the pressure on hemorrhoids. Try a stool softener. Exercise to help relieve constipation. Don't strain during bowel movements. Soak in a plain, warm bath or sitz bath (a few inches of water that covers your private parts and bottom) to help relieve the pain. Keep the area clean and dry. Use moist wipes instead of dry toilet paper so you don't irritate the area any further. Apply an ice pack or cold compress to help with swelling. Avoid spicy foods to prevent itching.
system: How can I reduce gas and bloating?
output: Diet and lifestyle changes can make a big difference: Cut back on fatty foods. Avoid fizzy drinks. Eat and drink slowly. Quit smoking. Don't chew gum. Exercise more. Avoid foods that cause gas. Avoid sweeteners that cause gas such as fructose and sorbitol. They are often found in candies, chewing gum, energy bars, and low-carb foods.
system: What type of antacids should I choose to treat heartburn?
output: Soothe occasional, mild heartburn with an antacid that contains calcium carbonate or magnesium. They help neutralize stomach acid. Some prevent acid reflux. Those that contain magnesium may also help heal stomach ulcers. They come in liquids and pills and are fast-acting.
system: What do H2 blockers do?
output: H2 blockers help relieve and prevent occasional heartburn by lowering the amount of acid your stomach makes. Though they don't work as fast as antacids, their effects last longer. Your doctor may tell you to take an antacid and an H2 blocker together. H2 blockers are for short-term use -- less than 2 weeks. So if one doesn't help with your heartburn, switching to a different one isn't likely to help. Switching to a higher-dose prescription version of the drug might help, though. Talk to your doctor if over-the-counter H2 blockers aren't working for you. Some H2 blockers can interfere with other drugs, including: Anti-seizure medicines Blood thinners Medicines for heart rhythm problems Talk to your doctor if you take any of these medicines and you need to take an H2 blocker. Often, they work better than H2 blockers.
system: What over-the-counter medicines treat excess gas?
output: Lactase supplements. Alpha-galactosidase. This digestive aid comes as liquid or tablets. Simethicone ( Mylicon). PPIs are available over the counter and by prescription. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about which medicine is right for you.
system: How should I change my diet to avoid heartburn?
output: Gas is created when you swallow air, such as when you eat and drink. Here are a few that can trigger heartburn: Alcohol Chocolate Coffee Fatty or fried foods Greasy foods Onions Oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits and juices Vinegar, hot sauces, salad dressings Peppermint Sodas and other bubbly drinks Spicy foods Tomatoes and tomato sauce Big meals can also set off heartburn. Instead of eating three big meals a day, try to eat several small meals throughout the day.
system: What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?
output: You might also notice blood on the toilet paper after you wipe. Itching around the anus Swelling or pain around the anus Painful or sensitive lumps around the anus If you think you have hemorrhoids, see your doctor. Bleeding can also be a symptom of something more serious. Don't strain during bowel movements.
system: What causes gas?
output: But it's also a by-product of the breakdown of food. Some foods cause more gas than others. You may also be more sensitive to particular foods and may have more gas when you eat them. Taking some medications can also cause gas. It can be helpful to keep a journal to note what you eat and drink and when you have heartburn.
system: What is soluble fiber?
output: Among them is weight loss, which can help you avoid getting heartburn in the first place if you are overweight. Soluble fiber dissolves in water, turning into a gel. Soluble fiber can help with diarrhea, which happens when there is too much water in your colon. Sources include: Apples Citrus fruits Lentils Nuts Oatmeal Psyllium Insoluble fiber doesn't dissolve in water. Think of it as a broom: It helps keep food and waste moving through your body.
system: When is heartburn an emergency?
output: Everyone has heartburn from time to time. But if you also have other symptoms, it could be a sign that something more serious is wrong. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room if: It hurts to swallow. You feel like you're choking. You have black, tarry-looking bowel movements. Your mouth or throat hurt when you eat. You have difficulty swallowing foods Your voice is hoarse. Your vomit contains blood or what looks like coffee grounds. You have trouble breathing.
system: What causes stuttering?
output: Experts point to four factors that contribute to stuttering: A family history of stuttering. There is disagreement as to whether stuttering is genetic, because specific genes have not been identified. But close to 60% of all stutterers have someone in the family who also stutters or stuttered. Child development. Children who have other language and speech problems are more likely to stutter than children who don't. Neurophysiology. In some children who stutter, language is processed in different parts of the brain than it is for children who don't stutter. This may also interfere with the interaction between the brain and the muscles that control speech. Family dynamics. Some children's stuttering has been attributed to high family expectations and a fast-paced lifestyle.
system: What is stuttering?
output: Stuttering, sometimes called stammering or dysfluency, is a disruption in the normal patterns of speech. It can take many forms. For example, someone who stutters might repeat a sound or a syllable, especially at the beginning of the word, such as "li- li- like." It can also manifest as a prolongation of a sound such as "ssssssee." Sometimes stuttering involves the complete stoppage of speech or the omission of a sound. Or it can be the repeated interruption of speech with sounds such as "uh" or "um."
system: When should I seek professional help for my child's stuttering?
output: For children who have a severe problem with stuttering, early evaluation and intervention is very helpful. Signs to look for that suggest you should have your child evaluated include: Stuttering that becomes more frequent and gets worse with time Stuttering that is accompanied by body or facial movements Speech that is especially difficult or strained Avoiding situations that require talking Vocal tension that results in rising pitch while talking Stuttering that continues after a child has turned 5 years old There are a lot of things you and other family members can do to help a child who stutters get beyond his or her problems with speaking: Create opportunities for talking that are relaxed, fun, and enjoyable.
system: How is stuttering treated?
output: Talk with your doctor if you are concerned about your child's development, including stuttering. Your doctor may refer you to a specialist known as a speech-language pathologist ( SLP) who can evaluate your child and determine whether or not there is a risk of a long-term problem. In most cases involving children, treatment primarily focuses on training and working with the parents to develop techniques to help the child cope with and get beyond his or her stuttering. There is no "cure" for stuttering, and no drug has been approved to treat stuttering. Sometimes the SLP will work directly with the child to develop individual behavioral techniques that can help the child learn not to stutter. The actual therapy may vary from child to child depending on the child's particular circumstances.
system: Is there a difference between normal stuttering and stuttering that is a problem?
output: It isn't always possible to tell when a child's stuttering will develop into a more serious problem that continues into the school years. But there are signs to look for that indicate stuttering may be a problem: You may notice tension and a struggle with facial muscles. You may also notice the voice rising in pitch with repetitions. In more severe cases of stuttering, a child may demonstrate considerable effort and tension in trying to speak. More severe cases are often marked by attempts to avoid stuttering by changing words or using extra sounds to start talking. Sometimes, a child will try to avoid situations where he or she needs to talk.
system: Are there things I can do at home to help my child who stutters?
output: Signs to look for that suggest you should have your child evaluated include: Stuttering that becomes more frequent and gets worse with time Stuttering that is accompanied by body or facial movements Speech that is especially difficult or strained Avoiding situations that require talking Vocal tension that results in rising pitch while talking Stuttering that continues after a child has turned 5 years old There are a lot of things you and other family members can do to help a child who stutters get beyond his or her problems with speaking: Create opportunities for talking that are relaxed, fun, and enjoyable. Find times to engage your child in conversations without distractions of TV or other interruptions. Don't be critical of your child's speech or insist on precise or correct speech. Don't put pressure on your child to entertain or interact verbally with other people when stuttering becomes a problem. Avoid reacting negatively when your child stutters, correcting his speech, or completing his sentences. Although phrases such as " Stop and take a deep breath" or " Slow down" may be meant to help your child, they can actually make him more self-conscious and should not be used. Model a slow, relaxed way of speaking to help your child slow down his own speech. Don't be afraid to talk with your child about stuttering. If he asks questions or expresses concern, listen and answer in ways that will help him understand that disruptions in speech are normal and that everyone experiences them to some degree.
system: What should you know about stuttering in children?
output: For many children, it's simply part of learning to use language and putting words together to form sentences. It may come and go, and it may last for a few weeks or for a couple of years. Most children outgrow stuttering on their own without professional intervention. But for some, stuttering can become a life-long condition that causes problems in school and in functioning as an adult. Normal language dysfluency often starts between the ages of 18 and 24 months and tends to come and go up to the age of 5.
system: What happens after the GI tests?
output: You should be able to go back to your usual activities and normal diet immediately after your GI tests. Unless your doctor tells you to restrict fluids for another medical condition, drink plenty of water or juice -- eight to 10 glasses each day for 3 days -- to get the barium out of your colon. It's normal to have a white or light stool for up to 3 days after the test The barium enema you get during a lower GI test could leave you feeling weak or dizzy.
system: How do you prepare for upper and lower GI tests?
output: Preparation for upper GI or lower GI tests usually includes following a low-fiber diet for 2 to 3 days before the test, not smoking for 12 to 24 hours before the test, not taking certain medications for up to 24 hours before the test, and not eating anything for 12 hours before the test.
system: What are the risks for GI tests for the digestive tract?
output: There's almost no risk with the upper and lower GI tests, unless you have to repeat them several times within a few months. Although radiation exposure from these tests is minimal, it's still more than for standard still X-rays. But the technologists will take steps to minimize your exposure. Other risks include: Infection (very low risk with both the upper and lower GI tests) Tearing the intestinal wall during a lower GI test. This is rare, but if it happens, you may need surgery.
system: What happens during the GI tests for the digestive tract?
output: The technologist will help you get into position on an exam table. Although the barium solution doesn't taste good, there's no pain and little discomfort during the procedure. If you're on an adjustable table, it usually starts in a vertical position, with you standing. You'll move from side to side to help the liquid coat your intestine or the technologist will tilt the table at various angles. During the test, the radiologist may put pressure on your abdomen to get a clearer image. The test may cause some discomfort, including cramps and a strong urge to have a bowel movement. After the first set of X-rays, someone will help you to the bathroom (or give you a bedpan) so you can move your bowels to get rid of as much of the barium as possible. Then you'll go back to the exam room for more X-rays of the barium solution that remains on your intestinal wall. The technologist may inject more air into your colon for more contrast on the images.
system: What X-ray tests can be used to examine the digestive tract?
output: They use a process called fluoroscopy. The X-ray is beamed to a special machine that converts it to a video and sends it to a TV-like monitor. Additional preparation for the lower GI test usually includes taking oral laxatives and an enema the night before the test. Other risks include: Infection (very low risk with both the upper and lower GI tests) Tearing the intestinal wall during a lower GI test. Talk to your doctor about other tests that can be more safely performed to diagnose your problem during pregnancy.
system: What is fluoroscopy and how does it test the digestive tract?
output: It helps her see parts of your digestive tract that other tests can't show. The X-ray is beamed to a special machine that converts it to a video and sends it to a TV-like monitor.
system: Where are fluoroscopic examinations of the digestive tract performed?
output: Other risks include: Infection (very low risk with both the upper and lower GI tests) Tearing the intestinal wall during a lower GI test. Talk to your doctor about other tests that can be more safely performed to diagnose your problem during pregnancy.
system: How common is acne?
output: A generation or so ago, it was thought that eating too many sweet or greasy foods caused acne; now doctors know much more about why breakouts happen and how to treat them. Generally, no. The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones.
system: Why do some adults have acne?
output: Although the hormonal fluctuations that cause acne are most common during the teen years, they can also affect adults. Women may experience hormonal swings during their menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause that result in acne breakouts. Acne can also be a side effect of certain medications, such as anticonvulsants and steroid drugs. Some people may also have a genetic predisposition to acne. One study found that 50% of adults with acne had a parent, sibling, or child with acne.
system: Should I stop wearing makeup if I have acne?
output: Look for cosmetics and toiletries with the label ânoncomedogenic,â meaning that they don't clog pores.
system: What acne treatments are best for severe acne?
output: The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. That depends on many factors: your age, whether you're male or female, how severe your acne is, and how long you've had it, among others. There are several options available.
system: When should I see a dermatologist for acne treatment?
output: If you're noticing breakouts along the sides of your temples, hair creams or gels might be exacerbating your acne, says Alexiades- Armenakas. If over-the-counter treatments, like a topical retinoid or products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, along with gentle cleansing, don't work for you (give them a chance -- it can take 4-12 weeks to improve acne), a dermatologist may be able to help. Severe acne requires aggressive treatment to prevent scarring.
system: Can what I eat cause acne breakouts?
output: Bacteria can then grow within the pores, causing them to become inflamed and break out. That happens at times of major hormonal change, such as during the menstrual cycle, and during the teen years, no matter what you eat. So despite what your grandmother told you, eating too many potato chips won't make you break out in pimples. The primary trigger for acne is fluctuating hormones -- specifically, the male hormone testosterone.
system: Will my acne ever go away?
output: The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. Severe cases of acne may be treated with the drug isotretinoin, which is very effective. It's a matter of finding the right treatment for you.
system: Why does acne appear most often in teenagers?
output: The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. When teenagers hit puberty, their hormones start surging -- and often, so does acne. Some people may also have a genetic predisposition to acne.
system: Does acne mean I'm not keeping my face clean enough?
output: However, subsequent studies have not supported the theory. In fact, scrubbing too hard at your face can aggravate your acne, and using alcohol-based astringents can dry out the skin. Acne is triggered by hormones, and while gentle, regular cleansing with soap and warm water can sometimes help with mild breakouts, more significant acne requires more than just good hygiene.
system: What acne treatments are best for mild to moderate acne?
output: But there is some evidence that certain diets may have an effect on acne, says Macrene Alexiades- Armenakas, MD, Ph D, an assistant clinical professor of dermatology at Yale School of Medicine. For more significant cases of acne, women may be placed on birth control pills or on the drug spironolactone, a water pill which also blocks male hormones. If over-the-counter treatments, like a topical retinoid or products containing benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, along with gentle cleansing, don't work for you (give them a chance -- it can take 4-12 weeks to improve acne), a dermatologist may be able to help.
system: How are blood tests used to diagnose atrial fibrillation?
output: These can point your doctor to what might be causing your AFib. Blood tests may check for infection, thyroid and kidney problems, signs of a heart attack, and more.
system: What happens during an exam for atrial fibrillation?
output: But your doctor may also refer you to a: Cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases and conditions Electrophysiologist, a doctor who specializes in arrhythmias First, the doctor will ask detailed questions about your: Symptoms Health habits Health problems Family medical history During the physical exam, he's likely to: Listen to your heartbeat's rate and rhythm Take your pulse and blood pressure Listen to your lungs Check for signs of heart muscle or valve problems Yes.
system: How is a chest X-ray used to diagnose atrial fibrillation?
output: It can't show AFib, but it can show complications, including fluid buildup and an enlarged heart.
system: How is an echocardiogram used to diagnose atrial fibrillation?
output: This test uses sound waves and a computer to create a moving picture of your heart. An echo gives your doctor information about: The size and shape of your heart How well the heart chambers and valves are working Where the heart muscle isn't contracting the right way Areas of poor blood flow Previous injuries that poor blood flow has caused Transthoracic echocardiogram ( TTE). Your doctor can see the size of your heart, how well it's working, if your heart valves are working, and if you have any blood clots. Transesophageal echocardiogram ( TEE). It has electrodes on back that take your pulse at your chest or your wrist.
system: What are the warning signs for a stroke?
output: Sometimes a stroke happens gradually, but you're likely to have one or more sudden symptoms like these: Numbness or weakness in your face, arm, or leg, especially on one side Confusion or trouble understanding other people Difficulty speaking Trouble seeing with one or both eyes Problems walking or staying balanced or coordinated Dizziness Severe headache that comes on for no reason If you have these symptoms, call 911 even if you're not sure you're having a stroke.
system: What is the treatment for a stroke?
output: Depending on the type of stroke, doctors may give you aspirin or powerful clot-busting drugs. The treatment works best when you get this medication within 3 hours of when your symptoms started. If your stroke was caused by a burst blood vessel, doctors will try to stop the bleeding as soon as possible.
system: What should I know about a stroke?
output: You need treatment right away to lower your chances of brain damage, disability, or even death. The treatment works best when you get this medication within 3 hours of when your symptoms started.
system: How can I prepare for a stroke?
output: Minutes matter in treating stroke. Planning for an emergency can make a big difference. Learn the warning signs of a stroke and let your family and friends know, too. If you have any medical conditions, wear a medical bracelet or other identification that lists them, your allergies, and any medication you take. Teach your children the FAST test, plus how to call 911, give your address, and describe what's happening.
system: How can I check for symptoms of stroke?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Use the FAST test to check for the most common symptoms of a stroke in yourself or someone else. Face: Smile and see if one side of the face droops. Arms: Raise both arms. Does one arm drop down? Speech: Say a short phrase and check for slurred or strange speech. Time: If the answer to any of these is yes, call 911 right away and write down the time when symptoms started. Calling a doctor or driving to the hospital yourself wastes time. Ambulance workers can judge your situation sooner, and that boosts your chance of getting the treatment you need as soon as possible. Each year, some 800,000 people in the U. S. have a stroke.
system: When should you call a doctor about vomiting during pregnancy?
output: When to Call a Doctor Seek medical help if vomiting is so severe or constant that the person can't keep down fluids or food.
system: What do the results mean in a ferritin blood test?
output: If your results are lower than normal, you have iron deficiency and possibly anemia. Your doctor may prescribe iron supplements or order more blood tests to figure out the cause. Higher than normal results mean your body is storing too much iron. Your doctor may adjust your diet or supplements. Since high iron is a symptom of other medical issues, you may have more tests to pinpoint the cause.
system: What is paresthesia?
output: Chances are, you've had a "pins and needles" feeling in your limbs, fingers, or feet. That prickling, burning, tingling, numb, itching, or "skin crawling" feeling is called paresthesia. While it may seem weird, it's usually painless and harmless.
system: How can paresthesia be treated?
output: But in some cases, it doesn't go away. But if any area of your body regularly goes numb or gets that "pins and needles" feeling, talk to your doctor. Treating the cause of your paresthesia will usually help with your pins and needles.