laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What causes acanthosis nigricans?
output: Acanthosis nigricans usually strikes people who are very overweight. While there is no cure for acanthosis nigricans, losing weight may improve the skin condition. Acanthosis nigricans usually precedes diabetes and is considered to be a marker for the disease. There are other health conditions that also are known to cause acanthosis of the skin and these include acromegaly and Cushing syndromes. It is thought that this health condition is a skin manifestation of insulin resistance.
system: How can people with diabetes prevent skin problems?
output: Keeping your diabetes under control is the most important factor in preventing these skin problems. Follow your health care provider's advice regarding nutrition, exercise, and medication. Keep your blood sugar level within the range recommended by your doctor. Proper skin care can also help reduce your risk of skin problems with diabetes.
system: How is vitiligo linked to diabetes?
output: Vitiligo: Vitiligo, a skin problem more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes, affects skin coloration. With vitiligo, the special cells that make pigment (the substance that controls skin color) are destroyed, resulting in patches of discolored skin. Vitiligo often affects the chest and abdomen, but may be found on the face around the mouth, nostrils, and eyes. Current treatment options for vitiligo include topical steroids and micropigmentation (tattooing). If you have vitiligo, you should use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent sunburn on the discolored skin.
system: What are symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?
output: They also mimic other conditions. If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor right away: Severe low back pain Pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs that causes you to stumble or have trouble getting up from a chair Loss of or altered sensations in your legs, buttocks, inner thighs, backs of your legs, or feet that is severe or gets worse and worse; you may experience this as trouble feeling anything in the areas of your body that would sit in a saddle (called saddle anesthesia) Recent problem with bladder or bowel function, such as trouble eliminating urine or waste (retention) or trouble holding it (incontinence) Sexual dysfunction that has come on suddenly A doctor can diagnose cauda equina syndrome.
system: How do you diagnose cauda equina syndrome?
output: Here's what you may need to confirm a diagnosis: A medical history, in which you answer questions about your health, symptoms, and activity A physical exam to assess your strength, reflexes, sensation, stability, alignment, and motion. You may also need blood tests Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan, which uses magnetic fields and computers to produce three-dimensional images of your spine A myelogram -- an X-ray of the spinal canal after injection of contrast material -- which can pinpoint pressure on the spinal cord or nerves A computed tomography ( CT) scan If you have cauda equina syndrome, you'll need prompt treatment to relieve pressure on nerves.
system: What causes of cauda equina syndrome?
output: CES occurs more often in adults than in children. But it can occur in children who have a spinal birth defect or have had a spinal injury. These are the most common causes of cauda equina syndrome: A severe ruptured disk in the lumbar area (the most common cause) Narrowing of the spinal canal (stenosis) A spinal lesion or malignant tumor A spinal infection, inflammation, hemorrhage, or fracture A complication from a severe lumbar spine injury such as a car crash, fall, gunshot, or stabbing A birth defect such as an abnormal connection between blood vessels (arteriovenous malformation) It may be hard to diagnose cauda equina syndrome.
system: How do you treat cauda equina syndrome?
output: You may need fast treatment to prevent lasting damage leading to incontinence and possibly permanent paralysis of the legs. It is best if this occurs within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Depending on the cause of your CES, you may also need high doses of corticosteroids. If a tumor is responsible, radiation or chemotherapy may be needed after surgery. You will need to learn ways to adapt to changes in your body's functioning. Depending on your limitations, you can seek help from: An occupational or physical therapist A social worker A continence advisor and continence physiotherapists A sex therapist And, as with many conditions, there may be nothing quite as helpful as support from those who really understand what you're going through.
system: Does medication help with alcohol use disorder?
output: No medicine can âcureâ alcohol use disorder, but some can help as you recover. They can make drinking less enjoyable so you don't want to do it as much: Disulfiram ( Antabuse) will make you feel sick or throw up if you drink. Acamprosate ( Campral) can help with cravings. Naltrexone ( Revia) blocks the high you get from drinking. Drugs used for other conditions -- like smoking, pain, or epilepsy -- also may help with alcohol use disorder. Talk to your doctor to see of one of those might be right for you.
system: What are treatment options for alcohol use disorder?
output: The one that's right for you depends on your situation and your goals. Many people find that a combination of treatments works best, and you can get them together through a program. Some of these are inpatient or residential programs, where you stay at a treatment center for a while. Others are outpatient programs, where you live at home and go to the center for treatment.
system: What is alcohol use disorder?
output: Alcohol use disorder is what doctors call it when you can't control how much you drink and have trouble with your emotions when you're not drinking.
system: What should you expect in recovery from alcohol use disorder?
output: Recovery can take a long time, so you may need ongoing treatment. And some people in recovery do relapse and drink again. But less than half of people who've stayed sober at least a year relapse. If you do, don't think you've failed. It's often a stage in the process, and recovery gets easier. After 5 years, only 1 out of 7 people have issues with drinking. Treatment can work -- just give yourself time.
system: Does joining a support group help with alcohol use disorder?
output: Group therapy or a support group can help during rehab and help you stay on track as life gets back to normal. Group therapy, led by a therapist, can give you the benefits of therapy along with the support of other members. Support groups aren't led by therapists. Instead, these are groups of people who have alcohol use disorder. Examples include Alcoholics Anonymous, SMART Recovery, and other programs. Your peers can offer understanding and advice and help keep you accountable. Many people stay in groups for years.
system: Does going to detox help with alcohol use disorder?
output: The goal is to stop drinking and give your body time to get the alcohol out of your system. That usually takes a few days to a week. Most people go to a hospital or treatment center because of withdrawal symptoms like: Shaking (tremors) Seeing or feeling things that aren't really there (hallucinations) Seizures Doctors and other experts can keep an eye on you and give you medicine to help with your symptoms. Instead, these are groups of people who have alcohol use disorder.
system: How should I talk to my doctor about alcohol use disorder?
output: Your doctor may say you have alcohol use disorder if you: Feel like you have to drink Can't control how much you drink Feel bad when you can't drink When you meet with your doctor, talk about your goals. Are you trying to drink less or stop drinking completely? Together, you can start to make a treatment plan. You doctor also can refer you to a treatment center or experts who can help. With alcohol use disorder, controlling your drinking is only part of the answer. No medicine can âcureâ alcohol use disorder, but some can help as you recover.
system: Does seeing a counselor or therapist help with alcohol use disorder?
output: The goal is to stop drinking and give your body time to get the alcohol out of your system. You also need to learn new skills and strategies to use in everyday life. Psychologists, social workers, or alcohol counselors can teach you how to: Change the behaviors that make you want to drink Deal with stress and other triggers Build a strong support system Set goals and reach them Some people just need a short, focused counseling session. Others may want one-on-one therapy for a longer time to deal with issues like anxiety or depression. Alcohol use can have a big effect on the people close to you, so couples or family therapy can help, too.
system: How does a computed tomography (CT) scan help to diagnose a ruptured spleen?
output: Your doctor may refer to a ruptured spleen as a "splenic rupture." The severity and even the location of the pain depend on how badly the spleen has ruptured and how much blood leaks out. This can cause: Blurred vision Confusion Light-headedness Fainting Signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness A physical exam may be the only test done to diagnose a ruptured spleen. A computed tomography ( CT) scan of the abdomen is one of the most common methods used. However, a CT scan of the abdomen may only be done if time allows.
system: What are the symptoms of low blood pressure caused by a ruptured spleen?
output: Depending on the size of the rupture, a large amount of internal bleeding can occur. Your doctor may refer to a ruptured spleen as a "splenic rupture." This can cause: Blurred vision Confusion Light-headedness Fainting Signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness A physical exam may be the only test done to diagnose a ruptured spleen.
system: What are common causes of spleen injuries?
output: It contains special white blood cells that destroy bacteria and help your body fight infections. The following are among the frequent causes of spleen injuries: Motor vehicle accidents Injury during contact sports, such as football and hockey Bicycle accidents, such as falling into your bicycle's handlebars Domestic violence Certain diseases and illnesses can also lead to a ruptured spleen. In such cases, the spleen becomes swollen and the capsule-like covering becomes thin. This makes the organ especially fragile and more likely to rupture if the abdomen receives a direct hit (such as forceful football tackle).
system: Should I tell my children about my migraines?
output: It may make them feel sad, scared, or even that they caused it. You can put that fear to rest by talking to your children about your migraines -- when you're not in the middle of one. What you tell them can depend on their age and how much information you think they can handle. For younger kids, you can try a statement like this: " Sometimes, my head really hurts, so when that happens I may need quiet time so I can feel better."
system: How can migraines affect relationships?
output: Migraines are so common, there's a special name for people who get them: migraineur. Yet, loved ones don't always understand the condition, and even if they do, serious headaches can put a strain on time with spouses, family, and at work. You may not be able to cut migraines out of your life, but you can help others understand how they affect you. That way, everyone will know what to expect and how they can help you.
system: Is communication important in dealing with migraines?
output: Understand and anticipate the impact migraine pain can have on others in your life. Talk to them about how you feel. This goes a long way to prevent or repair any problems. Clear communication is key.
system: How might migraines affect my sex life?
output: You can put that fear to rest by talking to your children about your migraines -- when you're not in the middle of one. When a migraine is about to hit or is already in full swing, migraineurs may not be able to attend to family chores such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping. And for many, the migraines disrupt their sex life. And let them know that "not tonight" doesn't mean "not ever." It's only temporary.
system: How might migraines affect my job and what can I tell my coworkers and boss about my migraines?
output: You can put that fear to rest by talking to your children about your migraines -- when you're not in the middle of one. Even if you can't prevent your migraines (and there are medicines that can help you do that), you can try to plan for the times when they might happen. On average, migraineurs take about 4 days off from work a year because of migraine pain.
system: Is it normal for cold or the flu symptoms to get worse over time?
output: Remember, serious conditions can masquerade as the common cold and a mild infection can evolve into something more serious. If you have severe symptoms or are feeling sicker with each passing day or must travel, see a doctor.
system: Is it healthy to blow your nose when you have a cold?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } It's important to blow your nose regularly when you have a cold rather than sniffling mucus back into your head. But when you blow hard, pressure can cause an earache. The best way to blow your nose: Press a finger over one nostril while you blow gently to clear the other. Wash your hands after blowing your nose.
system: Should I use hot or cold packs for a cold or the flu?
output: Either temperature may help you feel more comfortable. You can buy reusable hot or cold packs at a drugstore. Or make your own. Take a damp washcloth and heat it for 20 seconds at a time in a microwave (test the temperature first to make sure it's not too hot). Or take a small bag of frozen peas to use as a cold pack.
system: Are steamy showers helpful for a cold or the flu?
output: Steamy showers moisturize your nasal passages and relax you. If you're dizzy from the flu, run a steamy shower while you sit on a chair nearby and take a sponge bath.
system: Are hot liquids helpful for a cold or the flu?
output: Warm liquids help relieve nasal congestion, help prevent dehydration, andsoothe the uncomfortably inflamed membranes that line your nose and throat.
system: How should you gargle if you have a cold or the flu?
output: Gargling can moisten a sore throat and bring temporary relief. Try a teaspoon of salt dissolved in warm water, four times daily. To reduce the tickle in your throat, try an astringent gargle -- such as tea that contains tannin -- to tighten the membranes. Or, steep one tablespoon of lemon juice in two cups of hot water and mix in one teaspoon of honey. Let the mixture cool to room temperature before gargling. Honey should never be given to children under age 1.
system: What is peripheral neuropathy?
output: Neuro-: Related to the nerves -pathy: Disease Peripheral neuropathy refers to the conditions that result when nerves that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from and to the rest of the body are damaged or diseased.
system: What are the most common symptoms of polyneuropathy?
output: The most common symptoms of polyneuropathy are: Tingling Numbness Loss of sensation in the arms and legs A burning sensation in the feet or hands Because people with chronic polyneuropathy often lose their ability to sense temperature and pain, they can burn themselves and develop open sores as the result of injury or prolonged pressure.
system: What are the complications of chronic polyneuropathy?
output: The most common symptoms of polyneuropathy are: Tingling Numbness Loss of sensation in the arms and legs A burning sensation in the feet or hands Because people with chronic polyneuropathy often lose their ability to sense temperature and pain, they can burn themselves and develop open sores as the result of injury or prolonged pressure. If the nerves serving the organs are involved, diarrhea or constipation may result, as well as loss of bowel or bladder control. Sexual dysfunction and abnormally low blood pressure also can occur.
system: What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
output: One of the most serious polyneuropathies is Guillain- Barre syndrome, a rare disease that strikes suddenly when the body's immune system attacks nerves in the body just as they leave the spinal cord. Symptoms tend to appear quickly and worsen rapidly, sometimes leading to paralysis. Early symptoms include weakness and tingling that eventually may spread upward into the arms. Blood pressure problems, heart rhythm problems, and breathing difficulty may occur in the more severe cases. However, despite the severity of the disease, recovery rates are good when patients receive treatment early. There are many factors that can cause peripheral neuropathies, so it is often difficult to pinpoint the origin.
system: Are eye problems associated with Graves' disease?
output: Some degree of eye complaints occur in 25%-50% of those that develop Graves' disease but most can be managed with the home remedies discussed below. Surgery is rare and reserved for those with severe symptoms. Graves' disease patients with eye problems can find temporary relief from the redness, swelling, and pain through a number of drugs, including prednisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone. However, these medications should not be used for long periods of time, as they can lead to bone loss, muscle weakness, and weight gain. Vision problems and severe cases of eye protrusion can often be corrected through radiation therapy and surgery. A person who has Graves' disease should also see an eye doctor. Make sure to ask your doctor about any possible complications before undergoing surgery.
system: How likely is it to develop hypothyroidism if you have Graves' disease?
output: Because many conventional remedies severely limit the thyroid's ability to manufacture thyroid hormone, they increase the chances that you will develop hypothyroidism, a potentially serious condition marked by insufficient thyroid hormone production. Therefore, if you have undergone any treatments for Graves' disease, you must continue to see your doctor for periodic checkups to make sure the problem has not been overcorrected, causing your thyroid hormone levels to drop too low.
system: What do the two most frequently used treatments for Graves' disease involve?
output: The two most frequently used treatments involve disabling the thyroid's ability to produce hormones.
system: How do antithyroid drugs work for Graves' disease?
output: Antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil and methimazole ( Tapazole), which interfere with thyroid hormone production, can be used to treat Graves' disease. After you begin treatment, it may take several months for hyperthyroid symptoms to subside. This is because the thyroid has already generated and stored enough hormone to keep it circulating at elevated levels. Once the stores are drained, hormone production should drop to its normal level. Although your disease may seem to go away entirely, you might still need drug therapy to keep your thyroid operating properly. Even if your case of Graves' disease does go into remission and your doctor says it's safe to stop taking medication, you will need to be evaluated every year or so to make sure hyperthyroidism has not returned since relapse is common.
system: Will you have to take thyroid replacement medication for the rest of your life after taking radioactive iodine for Graves' disease?
output: If this occurs, you will have to take thyroid replacement medication for the rest of your life. Although radioactive iodine treatments are generally safe, they cannot be given to pregnant women because the chemical may destroy the thyroid gland in the fetus. Therefore, you must make sure that you are not pregnant before you take radioactive iodine for Graves' disease.
system: Can pregnant women take radioactive iodine treatments for Graves' disease?
output: Although radioactive iodine treatments are generally safe, they cannot be given to pregnant women because the chemical may destroy the thyroid gland in the fetus. Therefore, you must make sure that you are not pregnant before you take radioactive iodine for Graves' disease. It is best to let several months pass after your last dose of radioactive iodine before becoming pregnant; confirm the length of time you should wait with your doctor. Except during these periods following the treatment, radioactive iodine poses no health risks for women who want to become pregnant, and it will not affect the fertility of either women or men.
system: What are home remedies for Graves' disease?
output: Home Remedies for Graves' Disease If your lids cannot close completely over your eyes, use eye patches at night. This will help keep eyes from drying out. Use over-the-counter or prescription artificial tears to moisten eyes whenever they feel dry. If your eyes are red and swollen in the morning, sleep with your head elevated. Wear tinted glasses to protect the eyes from bright light, sunlight, and wind.
system: What is LDL?
output: It can't dissolve in blood, so proteins carry it where it needs to go. These carriers are called "lipoproteins." LDL is a microscopic blob made up of an outer rim of lipoprotein and a cholesterol center. Its full name is "low-density lipoprotein." It's bad because it becomes part of plaque, the stuff that can clog arteries and make heart attacks and strokes more likely. Other medicines lower the amount of cholesterol your body gets from food you eat.
system: What is hemicrania continua?
output: This is a rare type of headache, but it causes pain that's usually on one side of your face and head.
system: What happens if I overuse pain medications?
output: Other therapies can help: Hormone therapy for women whose migraines are linked to their menstrual cycle Stress management, including exercise, relaxation, and biofeedback If you use pain medications too often to treat your headaches, you could get what are called medication overuse headaches ( MOH).
system: How is hemicrania continua treated?
output: You may have other symptoms, too, including: Red, teary eyes A stuffy or runny nose A drooping eyelid A small pupil, the black circle in the center of your eye You can treat hemicrania continua with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID) called indomethacin ( Indocin, Tivorbex). Usually, it provides quick relief, but it can cause stomach side effects, so you might need an acid-fighting drug. Another NSAID, celecoxib ( Celebrex), can also treat your pain if you can't handle indomethacin's side effects. Sometimes, doctors also prescribe tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, to prevent these headaches.
system: What things can trigger a tension headache?
output: When you get a tension-type headache, you may have a constant, aching pressure that feels like a band wrapped around your head. Many things can trigger it, such as: Stress Depression Too little rest Poor posture Tension-type headaches typically affect both sides of your head.
system: What other therapies besides medications can help treat migraine headaches?
output: Other therapies can help: Hormone therapy for women whose migraines are linked to their menstrual cycle Stress management, including exercise, relaxation, and biofeedback If you use pain medications too often to treat your headaches, you could get what are called medication overuse headaches ( MOH).
system: What are the symptoms of a migraine headache?
output: This type of headache could also signal a condition known as migraine which causes throbbing pain, often on one side of your head. Other symptoms include: Sensitivity to light, noise, and smells Nausea and vomiting Blurred vision or seeing spots, dots, or zigzag lines.
system: What is a chronic daily headache?
output: If you get them for 4 hours or longer at least half of each month, and for more than 3 months, you might have what doctors call a chronic daily headache. Different treatments can bring relief, but first you need to figure out what type of headache you have.