laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are TNR programs?
output: Many experts agree that one of the best ways to help feral cats and cat groups -- called colonies -- is through neutering programs. According to web site of the American Association of Feline Practitioners, stray and feral cats are “humanely trapped, examined, vaccinated, and surgically sterilized by veterinarians.” Feral cats are then returned to their familiar environment and, hopefully, cared for by volunteers, who may provide food and shelter, and monitor them for sickness.
system: How can you tell a stray from a feral cat?
output: They tend to stay away from humans, hide during the day, and when adopted, are very difficult to socialize. Lost or abandoned felines are usually comfortable around people and will frequently attempt to live near humans -- under porches, or in garages, sheds, or backyards.
system: What can you do for feral cats?
output: “ It goes without saying that you should spay and neuter your own cats,” says Linda P. Case, MS, author of Canine and Feline Behavior and Training: A Complete Guide to Understanding Our Two Best Friends. She also suggests keeping your cat indoors -- not only for her safety, but also to prevent her from getting lost and ending up part of a feral colony. Feeding feral and stray cats is generous, but they need health care as well. You can also donate money to animal welfare groups through an estate or will. If you can’t aid in a clinical setting, you can be involved at the community level -- contacting local veterinarians and businesses, writing letters, fund-raising, or staffing a booth at a community event. Become a colony caretaker.
system: What are the benefits of TNR programs?
output: Trap-neuter-return ( TNR) endeavors are geared toward reducing the number of unwanted cats by catching and then neutering or spaying them. Neutered cats tend to gain weight and have fewer health problems -- such as breast, testicular, and uterine cancer. Fewer females in heat also means fewer toms attracted to an area, and so fewer risky cat fights. Ultimately, less cat suffering also means less human suffering in the face of dying or injured cats.
system: Where does crystal meth come from?
output: Methamphetamine is a man-made stimulant that's been around for a long time. During World War II, soldiers were given meth to keep them awake. People have also taken the drug to lose weight and ease depression. Today, the only legal meth product is a tablet for treating obesity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). It's rarely used and is available only by prescription. Crystal meth is made with the ingredient pseudoephedrine, which is found in many cold medicines. It helps ease congestion. Because it's used to make meth, the federal government closely regulates products with this ingredient. Most of the crystal meth used in this country comes from Mexican âsuperlabs.â But there are many small labs in the U. S. Some are right in people's homes.
system: How does crystal meth make you feel?
output: The powerful rush people get from using meth causes many to get hooked right from the start. When it's used, a chemical called dopamine floods the parts of the brain that regulate feelings of pleasure. Users also feel confident and energetic.
system: What happens before an electroencephalogram test (EEG)?
output: You'll lie down on the exam table or bed while the medical team places about 20 electrodes on your scalp. The team will ask you to relax and lie first with your eyes open, and then closed. You may be asked to breathe deeply and rapidly or to stare at a flashing light -- both of these activities produce changes in brain-wave patterns.
system: How do I prepare for an electroencephalogram test (EEG)?
output: Let your doctor know about any medications you're taking before the test. Wash your hair the night before the test.
system: What happens after an electroencephalogram test (EEG)?
output: Your care team will remove the electrodes and wash off the glue that held them in place with acetone. You may have to use extra acetone (nail polish remover) at home to completely remove the glue. Unless you're actively having seizures or your doctor tells you not to, you may drive home. If you had the EEG overnight, you should arrange to have someone drive you home. If you stopped taking antiseizure medication for the EEG, you can usually start taking it again. Talk to your doctor. A doctor who specializes in brain diseases, called a neurologist, will examine the brain-wave pattern in the EEG recording for anything unusual. Then your doctor will go over the results and what they mean for you.
system: What is an electroencephalogram test (EEG)?
output: Electrodes, or sensors, that go on the scalp detect the signals and send them to a polygraph machine that records the activity. Your brain cells create electrical signals that are picked up by the electrodes and sent to a polygraph.
system: What happens during carpal tunnel surgery?
output: For both types of carpal tunnel release surgery, they include: Bleeding Damage to your median nerve or nearby nerves and blood vessels Infection of your wound A scar that hurts to touch First, you'll get local anesthesia -- drugs to numb your hand and wrist. You may also get medicine to help keep you calm. ( General anesthesia, which means you will not be awake during surgery, is not common for carpal tunnel syndrome). When the operation is finished, your doctor stitches the openings shut and puts a large bandage on your wrist. This protects your wound and keeps you from using your wrist. Your doctor and nurses will keep an eye on you for a little while before letting you go home. You'll likely leave the hospital the same day.
system: What are the risks of carpal tunnel surgery?
output: For both types of carpal tunnel release surgery, they include: Bleeding Damage to your median nerve or nearby nerves and blood vessels Infection of your wound A scar that hurts to touch First, you'll get local anesthesia -- drugs to numb your hand and wrist.
system: When would my doctor suggest sourgery for my carpal syndrome?
output: Treatments like wrist braces and corticosteroids can help, but in more severe cases, you may need surgery. You have pain, numbness, and tingling that don't go away or get better in 6 months. You find it harder to grip, grasp, or pinch objects like you once did.
system: What are my options for carpal tunnel surgery?
output: After the surgery, the ligament comes back together, but with more room for the median nerve to pass through. Open surgery involves a larger cut, or incision -- up to 2 inches from your wrist to your palm. In endoscopic surgery, your surgeon makes one opening in your wrist. He then places a tiny camera in one of the openings to guide him as he cuts the ligament. Because the openings are smaller with endoscopic surgery, you may heal faster and have less pain. For both types of carpal tunnel release surgery, they include: Bleeding Damage to your median nerve or nearby nerves and blood vessels Infection of your wound A scar that hurts to touch First, you'll get local anesthesia -- drugs to numb your hand and wrist.
system: How long is the recovery period after carpal tunnel surgery?
output: But if you have carpal tunnel syndrome, the pain, numbness, and tingling in your fingers get your attention. You'll likely leave the hospital the same day. Your doctor will let you know what medicines might help. You may have some soreness for anywhere from a few weeks to a few months after surgery.
system: What is Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: Churg- Strauss syndrome is an extremely rare disease that causes inflammation of your blood vessels. It can damage small and medium-sized blood vessels. Doctors also call it Churg- Strauss vasculitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( EGPA), and allergic angiitis. It most often affects your nose, sinuses, lungs, heart, intestines, and nerves. The inflammation can also affect the kidneys, muscles, or joints.
system: Are biopsies used to diagnose Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: Biopsy: The doctor will take a small tissue sample from an affected spot, like an area of your skin with a rash, to look for inflamed blood vessels.
system: What kind of biopsies might doctors do to diagnose Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: Biopsy: The doctor will take a small tissue sample from an affected spot, like an area of your skin with a rash, to look for inflamed blood vessels. Or they might do a kidney or lung biopsy.
system: What causes Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: Watch for signs like: Weakness, fatigue, or a general bad feeling Weight loss without trying Swollen lymph nodes Skin sores or rashes Achy, swollen joints Pain, numbness, or tingling in your feet and hands Belly pain Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting Blood in your pee or poop Doctors don't know exactly what causes it. Some experts think allergies play a role.
system: What are the treatments for Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: You'll need to take drugs that target your immune system. The goal is to limit or prevent damage to healthy tissues.
system: Who gets Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: But things that make it more likely include: Age: On average, people are between 30 and 50 when they get diagnosed.
system: What is Churg-Strauss syndrome and how does it affect the body?
output: Churg- Strauss syndrome is an extremely rare disease that causes inflammation of your blood vessels. It can damage small and medium-sized blood vessels. Doctors also call it Churg- Strauss vasculitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ( EGPA), and allergic angiitis. It most often affects your nose, sinuses, lungs, heart, intestines, and nerves. The inflammation can also affect the kidneys, muscles, or joints.
system: What is the treatment for Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: You'll need to take drugs that target your immune system. The goal is to limit or prevent damage to healthy tissues.
system: What are the symptoms of Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: The symptoms of Churg- Strauss depend on the stage of your disease. Eosinophilic: Your body makes this type of white blood cell in response to an allergy. In this phase, you have too many. Symptoms include: Weight loss No appetite Fever Night sweats Joint pain Asthma Fatigue Cough Belly pain Vasculitic: Inflammation narrows your blood vessels.
system: How do doctors diagnose Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: Your doctor will look at your medical history and give you a physical exam. They'll ask you about your symptoms, especially asthma. You may also get: Blood tests: The doctor will look for proteins in your blood that show inflammation. There's no cure for Churg- Strauss syndrome.
system: Are chemotherapy medications used to treat Churg-Strauss syndrome?
output: Once the disease is under control, your doctor will slowly lower the dose. Immune system drugs: If steroids aren't enough, your doctor may also prescribe azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran), cyclophosphamide ( Cytoxan), or methotrexate. The doctor will do blood tests often to check for side effects. Continue Reading Below You may be able to ease off this medication after your condition is under control. This could take 6 months or several years. If the disease has moved to your organs and systems, you'll have a tougher time than someone with a milder form.
system: What if my diabetes screening test is positive?
output: If the screening test for diabetes is positive, you may need further testing to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may prescribe medication, along with a diet, regular exercise regimen, and lifestyle program, to help you manage your blood sugar and prevent serious problems.
system: What test is used to screen for diabetes?
output: Common risk factors for diabetes include: Family history of diabetes (parents or siblings with diabetes) Overweight (a body mass index equal to or greater than 25) Habitual physical inactivity Race/ethnicity (including African- Americans, Hispanic- Americans, Native Americans, Asian- Americans, and Pacific Islanders) History of impaired fasting glucose ( IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT) High blood pressure (equal to or greater than 140/90 in adults) Abnormal lipids: HDL cholesterol equal to or less than 35 mg/d L and/or a triglyceride level equal to or greater than 250 mg/d L History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby weighing more than nine pounds Polycystic ovary syndrome The fasting plasma glucose test ( FPG) or the hemoglobin A1 C test can be used for screening.
system: Why is it important to be screened for type 2 diabetes?
output: Because often there are no symptoms with type 2 diabetes, early screening may help people avoid the more serious complications of this disease, including chronic hyperglycemia that's associated with long-term damage of the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
system: What are the risk factors for diabetes?
output: Common risk factors for diabetes include: Family history of diabetes (parents or siblings with diabetes) Overweight (a body mass index equal to or greater than 25) Habitual physical inactivity Race/ethnicity (including African- Americans, Hispanic- Americans, Native Americans, Asian- Americans, and Pacific Islanders) History of impaired fasting glucose ( IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT) High blood pressure (equal to or greater than 140/90 in adults) Abnormal lipids: HDL cholesterol equal to or less than 35 mg/d L and/or a triglyceride level equal to or greater than 250 mg/d L History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby weighing more than nine pounds Polycystic ovary syndrome The fasting plasma glucose test ( FPG) or the hemoglobin A1 C test can be used for screening.
system: Who should be screened for diabetes?
output: According to the American Diabetes Association, all patients should be screened for diabetes at three-year intervals beginning at age 45, especially people who are overweight or obese. If multiple risk factors are present, screening should be done at an earlier age and more frequently. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that adults with high blood pressure or high cholesterol be screened for type 2 diabetes (insulin-resistant diabetes) in an effort to reduce cardiovascular disease.
system: What if the diabetes screening test is positive?
output: If the screening test for diabetes is positive, you may need further testing to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may prescribe medication, along with a diet, regular exercise regimen, and lifestyle program, to help you manage your blood sugar and prevent serious problems.
system: What conditions are diabetics at risk for?
output: Type 2 diabetes is a common and serious disease in the United States and worldwide. Individuals with diabetes also have a greater likelihood of abnormal cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity.
system: What are the risks of taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) for low back pain?
output: Risks: It can damage the liver if it's taken in high doses. That's why doctors advise taking around 3,000 milligrams (mg) a day even though the maximum daily dose (according to the FDA) is 4,000 mg. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are alternatives to acetaminophen that you can buy without a prescription.
system: What are the risks of using muscle relaxants for low back pain?
output: Risks: Muscle relaxants carry a big risk of side effects, like drowsiness and dizziness.
system: What are the risks of using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be used for low back pain?
output: Risks: NSAIDs can cause digestive problems like nausea and diarrhea, as well as heartburn and stomach pain. Rarely, they can have serious side effects like internal bleeding and ulcers. They may also cause heart problems and kidney damage.
system: Can opioids be used for low back pain?
output: In some cases, your doctor might prescribe these for your low back pain. But recent research shows that they usually only provide short-term relief. And they carry a lot of risks, like hormonal changes and dependency. For this reason, doctors don't usually prescribe them for chronic, or long-term, pain. If yours does, he'll also likely recommend other therapies, like exercise or lifestyle changes.
system: How can exercise help to manage borderline cholesterol levels?
output: Exercise helps you get your cholesterol down from the borderline range. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per day. Taking a brisk walk, riding your bike, playing a team sport, or taking a group fitness class will increase your heart rate while raising HDL ("good") cholesterol.
system: Is plucking a good option for hair removal?
output: Plucking or tweezing can be painful, but it may be a good option if you only have a few hairs you want to remove. Times when you might want to pluck include when you're reshaping your eyebrows or pulling out a few stray hairs that appear on your face. You should not, however, use this hair removal method for large areas. It can cause ingrown hairs or scarring.
system: What is Vaniqa?
output: There is a prescription cream called Vaniqa that's approved by the FDA for slowing facial hair growth in women. This cream slows growth, but it will not remove the hair. You apply it to the area twice a day. Once you stop using the cream, the hair will regrow.
system: What are the two main types of electrolysis?
output: Galvanic hair removal chemically destroys the hair follicle. Thermolytic removal uses heat to destroy the follicle. In either case, be sure to find a professional who is highly trained and knowledgeable.
system: What is laser hair removal?
output: This is one of the longest-lasting methods, but it generally requires four or more treatments 4-6 weeks apart. It can only be effective on dark hair. The laser beam or a light pulse works to destroy the hair bulb. The treatment can be expensive and sometimes painful, but it can be used on many parts of the body where unwanted hair appears. Be sure you select a doctor or technician who is highly trained and knowledgeable. This cream slows growth, but it will not remove the hair.
system: Ho do depilatory creams work for hair removal?
output: They're not all the same, so be sure to read the label. Using a cream improperly -- for instance, leaving it on too long -- can burn your skin. If you have a history of allergic reactions, you should first test a little bit of the cream on a small area on your arm to make sure you don't have a bad reaction to it. Be sure to follow the directions on the cream. Many women use this hair removal method in the bikini area and to remove hair on the upper lip.
system: What is spironolactone?
output: Plucking or tweezing can be painful, but it may be a good option if you only have a few hairs you want to remove. Spironolactone is a pill that may slow or reduce hair growth in areas that you don't want hair. It will not get rid of the hair on your scalp and may actually stimulate growth there.
system: Who is more likely to get malabsorption?
output: Children with a bad stomach flu may have a greater chance of a short-term bout of malabsorption syndrome. You may not need treatment for a short-term problem. Ongoing malabsorption syndrome is more likely if you have one of the following digestive diseases: Celiac disease Cystic fibrosis (your body produces thick mucus that interferes with lung and digestive health) Crohn's disease (the inflammation from this disorder makes it harder for your intestines to absorb nutrients) Other things that can increase your chances of having the syndrome: Using laxatives or taking antibiotics for a long time. Intestinal surgery Traveling to places known for intestinal parasites When your doctor suspects malabsorption syndrome, she will need to know your symptoms and the foods you eat.
system: What causes pernicious anemia (PA)?
output: Your body needs plenty of healthy red blood cells. Because of this, your body will make less of them. And the cells that are made will die off sooner than they should. The reason this happens is often due to the lack of a stomach protein called âintrinsic factorâ ( IF). Your body can't absorb vitamin B-12 without it. This is often given in a shot.
system: Can a workout cause bruises?
output: An extra-hard workout can sometimes cause bruises. That's because you're pushing your muscles with so much effort that it leads to tiny tears in your blood vessels.
system: What should I do If a bruise doesn't go away?
output: If you're having nosebleeds for no reason, if your gums bleed a lot after you brush or floss, or if small cuts or scrapes seem to bleed heavily, call your doctor.
system: Do you bruise more easily as you get older?
output: As you age, your skin gets thinner and loses the protective layer of fat that acts as a cushion when you bump into something. Also, your blood vessels get more fragile. Both of these things mean you get more bruises.
system: Can a bruise be a sign of cancer?
output: It's not likely, but it's possible that your bruises are a sign of cancer, such as leukemia. If you also feel tired, achy, and weak all the time, or lose weight without trying to, give your doctor a call.
system: What life-threatening complications can happen with gastric bypass surgery?
output: About 10% of people have complications, which are usually minor and include: Wound infections Digestive problems Ulcers Bleeding Nearly 1% to 5% of people have serious or life-threatening complications, such as: Blood clot (pulmonary embolism) Heart attack Leak in the surgical connections with the intestines Serious infection or bleeding The risk of complications is lower at centers that do more than 100 weight loss surgeries per year. Deaths in the month following gastric bypass surgery are very rare (about 0.2% to 0.5%, or less than one in 200 people) when the procedure is done by a highly experienced surgeon.
system: What are complications that may result from gastric bypass surgery?
output: About 10% of people have complications, which are usually minor and include: Wound infections Digestive problems Ulcers Bleeding Nearly 1% to 5% of people have serious or life-threatening complications, such as: Blood clot (pulmonary embolism) Heart attack Leak in the surgical connections with the intestines Serious infection or bleeding The risk of complications is lower at centers that do more than 100 weight loss surgeries per year. This surgery is difficult to do and often leads to nutritional problems.
system: What is laparoscopic gastric banding for weight-loss surgery?
output: Others include: Adjustable gastric banding(also called laparascopic gastric banding, or lap band surgery) is the least invasive and second most common weight loss surgery. In gastric banding, a surgeon places a silicone ring around the upper stomach. The surgeon can adjust the ring's tightness by injecting saline through the skin to fill up the band or extracting saline to loosen it. This fine-tunes the exact size of the stomach. For example, if a too-tight stomach is causing side effects, the bands can be loosened. Gastric banding is also less likely to cause nutritional problems.
system: What happens during gastric bypass surgery?
output: The procedure has two parts: The surgeon divides the stomach into a large portion and a much smaller one. Then, in a process sometimes called "stomach stapling,â the small part of the stomach is sewn or stapled together to make a pouch, which can hold only a cup or so of food. The surgeon disconnects the new, small stomach pouch from the majority of the stomach and first part of the small intestine (the duodenum), and then connects it to a part of the small intestine slightly farther down (the jejunum). This surgical technique is called a " Roux-en- Y."