laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How does my immune system react to stress?
output: When you're wound up, your immune system doesn't work as well as it does when you're confident and mellow about your challenges. That may make you more likely to get sick.
system: How does your immune system grow stronger?
output: You're born with a certain level of protection, or âimmunity.â But it can get better. Think of a baby or young child who comes down with colds, earaches, or other everyday illnesses often. Their immune system is creating a "bank" of antibodies as they are exposed to illnesses for the first time, enabling them to fight off future invaders. Vaccines work in much the same way. They turn on your immune system by introducing your body to a tiny amount of a virus (usually a killed or weakened one). Your body makes antibodies in response that protects against threats like measles, whooping cough, flu, or meningitis. Then, when you come in contact with that virus in your everyday life, your immune system kicks in so that you don't get sick.
system: Can your immune system work against you?
output: You've heard of your immune system. It's made up of tissues, cells, and organs, including: Your tonsils Your digestive system Your bone marrow Your skin Your lymph nodes Your spleen Thin skin on the inside of your nose, throat, and genitals All of these help create or store cells that work around the clock to keep your whole body healthy. They turn on your immune system by introducing your body to a tiny amount of a virus (usually a killed or weakened one). Your immune system can become less effective as you get older. It can also make you more likely to get an autoimmune disease, like rheumatoid arthritis, or even some kinds of cancer.
system: What are the risks of drinking alcohol to help with cholesterol?
output: Drinking too much alcohol can actually increase your risk for heart disease and stroke, raise blood pressure, contribute to obesity, and increase the levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood. Excessive drinking also can lead to heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), and stroke. Eventually, heavy alcohol use can leave the heart too weak to pump efficiently, a condition called congestive heart failure. Because drinking alcohol also has other downsides, including increased risk of some cancers, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increased risk of accidents, the American Heart Association does not recommend that you start drinking wine or any other alcoholic beverages specifically to lower your cholesterol or improve your heart health. Instead, the organization advises watching your weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly to keep your cholesterol levels in check. If you do plan to drink, check with your doctor first, and drink in moderation -- (one glass of wine or beer a day for women, two for men). Some people, especially pregnant women, and those who take certain medicines regularly, should avoid alcohol entirely.
system: How many men get osteoporosis?
output: But men still make up 20% of all cases. That means about 2 million men in the United States have osteoporosis right now. More than 43 million men and women have osteopenia, a condition where your bones thin. It can lead to osteoporosis if not properly treated.
system: How can I get calcium and vitamin D to help with osteoporosis?
output: Without calcium and vitamin D the drugs can't do their job. Whether you get them as a part of your regular diet or through supplements, these essential nutrients are key. If you still aren't getting enough calcium and vitamin D, then ask your doctor about supplements. If your doctor says you have osteopenia, treat it as a warning sign -- a chance to practice good bone health by eating a calcium-rich diet, taking supplements if needed, and getting regular exercise.
system: What are ways syphilis cannot be spread?
output: Syphilis cannot be spread by toilet seats, door knobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bath tubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.
system: What is the tertiary stage of syphilis?
output: If the infection isn't treated, it may then progress to a stage characterized by severe problems with the heart, brain, and nerves that can result in paralysis, blindness, dementia, deafness, impotence, and even death if it's not treated.
system: Can pregnant women transfer syphilis to their baby?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Pregnant women with the disease can spread it to their baby. This disease, called congenital syphilis, can cause abnormalities or even death to the child.
system: How is syphilis diagnosed?
output: Syphilis was once a major public health threat, commonly causing serious long-term health problems such as arthritis, brain damage, and blindness.
system: What are signs of early or primary syphilis?
output: People with primary syphilis will develop one or more sores. The sores are usually small painless ulcers. They occur on the genitals or in or around the mouth somewhere between 10-90 days (average three weeks) after exposure.
system: What causes syphilis?
output: Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
system: How is syphilis treated?
output: For those allergic to penicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline or another antibiotic can be given instead. If you are in a later stage of disease, more doses will be needed. To reduce your risk of syphilis infection: Avoid intimate contact with a person you know is infected.
system: What are symptoms of drug allergy?
output: You may have some or all of these symptoms: Hives -- itchy, bumpy, irregular patches on the skin Rash Itchy skin Swollen face, lips, or tongue Wheezing Most drug allergy symptoms start right after you take the drug, but some may take hours, days or weeks to appear.
system: What are symptoms of anaphylaxis?
output: Anaphylaxis is an emergency and is life-threatening. Symptoms include: Trouble breathing or throat feels like its closing Confusion Cramping Dizziness or fainting Hives covering much of the body Irregular heartbeat Shock or unconsciousness If you have any of these symptoms, call 911. Use an epinephrine shot if you have one, and take antihistamines to help slow down the reaction. Even if the reaction goes away, you still need to go to the hospital.
system: What are the symptoms of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) lung disease?
output: Most people with LAM lung disease experience shortness of breath. Other symptoms include wheezing and cough, which may be bloody. Often, people with LAM develop a sudden pneumothorax (collapsed lung). This occurs when one of the cysts near the lung's edge ruptures, allowing inhaled air to compress the lung.
system: How can an MRI help diagnose Paget's disease?
output: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Powerful magnets and radio waves are used to make detailed images of your bones.
system: How is Paget's disease treated?
output: There's no way to fix the changes that have already happened, such as hearing loss or deformed bones, but you can get help with the issues caused by Paget's. Options include: Physical help, like wedges in your shoe, a cane for walking, physical therapy, and other ways to build muscle that can help control pain Medicines like bisphosphonates to prevent bone loss or calcitonin to control calcium level Medicine to help with the pain (acetaminophen like Tylenol or NSAIDs like ibuprofen or Advil) Your doctor may suggest surgery to fix a broken or deformed bone, replace a hip or knee, or treat severe arthritis. Ask your doctor about ways to keep your bones healthy.
system: How can a bone scan help diagnose Paget's disease?
output: This will be done with an X-ray or one of the following: Bone scan: A small amount of a radioactive substance, called a tracer, is put into a vein in your arm. It goes through your bloodstream and into your bones. A special camera takes pictures of your bones and any areas that absorb too much or too little of the tracer can be a sign of a problem with the bone.
system: How can a CT exam help diagnose Paget's disease?
output: CT (computerized tomography) scan: Several X-rays are taken from different angles and put together to make a more complete picture of your bones.
system: What is Paget's disease?
output: But with Paget's disease, this happens too fast and gives your bones an odd shape. They may be bent, weak, brittle, soft, or too big. The new bones also may not fit together as tightly as they should.
system: How is Paget's disease diagnosed?
output: It may cause your bones to break and can lead to other health problems. It can be confused with arthritis, osteoporosis, spinal stenosis, or other changes that come with age. Some people only find out they have it because of an X-ray or blood test taken for a different reason. To see if you have Paget's disease of bone, your doctor will examine you and ask questions about your family history. He'll want pictures taken of your bones, because a bone with Paget's will look larger and thicker than usual. It can look like it didn't grow right.
system: Which tests may diagnose Paget's disease?
output: To see if you have Paget's disease of bone, your doctor will examine you and ask questions about your family history. People who have Paget's often have more of this enzyme than normal, which reflects the bone turnover that is common in Paget's.
system: Can chronic pain be treated with nonprescription drugs?
output: Milder forms of pain may be relieved by over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Both acetaminophen and NSAIDs relieve pain caused by muscle aches and stiffness, and additionally NSAIDs reduce inflammation (swelling and irritation). Topical pain relievers are also available, such as creams, lotions, or sprays that are applied to the skin in order to relieve pain and inflammation from sore muscles and arthritis.
system: What is bioelectric therapy?
output: Bioelectric therapy relieves pain by blocking pain messages to the brain. Bioelectric therapy also prompts the body to produce chemicals called endorphins that decrease or eliminate painful sensations by blocking the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.
system: How is patient-controlled analgesia used to manage chronic pain?
output: Patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA) is another method of pain control. By pushing a button on a computerized pump, the patient is able to self-administer a premeasured dose of pain medicine. The pump is connected to a small tube that allows medicine to be injected intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (just under the skin), or into the spinal area. This is often used in the hospital to treat pain.
system: How can acupuncture help chronic pain?
output: Acupuncture is thought to decrease pain by increasing the release of endorphins, chemicals that block pain. Many acu-points are near nerves. When stimulated, these nerves cause a dull ache or feeling of fullness in the muscle. The stimulated muscle sends a message to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), causing the release of endorphins that block the message of pain from being delivered to the brain.
system: How can herbal remedies help chronic pain?
output: It has been difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of herbs, though there are a few, such as white willow bark, devil's claw, cat's claw, ginger, and turmeric, that have some evidence supporting their use. If you decide to use herbal preparations to better manage your pain, tell your doctor: Some herbs may interact with drugs you are receiving for pain or other conditions and may harm your health. As mentioned, some herbal therapies can interact with other medications you may be taking.
system: What are the two types of surgical implants that help chronic pain?
output: When they are used, which is rare, there are two main types of implants to control pain: Intrathecal Drug Delivery. Also called infusion pain pumps or spinal drug delivery systems. In spinal cord stimulation, low-level electrical signals are transmitted to the spinal cord or to specific nerves to block pain signals from reaching the brain. Two kinds of spinal cord stimulation systems are available.
system: What are dietary approaches to help treat chronic pain?
output: Some people believe that changing dietary fat intake and/or eating plant foods that contain anti-inflammatory agents can help ease pain by limiting inflammation. Weight loss achieved by a combination of dietary changes and increased physical activity has been shown to be helpful for people suffering from osteoarthritis. Still, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of dietary modifications as a pain treatment.
system: What happens during a generalized seizure?
output: Sometimes these are referred to as grand mal seizures. The person experiencing such a seizure may cry out or make some sound, stiffen for several seconds to a minute and then have rhythmic movements of the arms and legs. Often the rhythmic movements slow before stopping. Eyes are generally open. The person may appear to not be breathing and actually turn blue. This may be followed by a period of deep, noisy breathes. The return to consciousness is gradual and the person may be confused for quite some time -- minutes to hours.
system: What are symptoms of an anal fissure?
output: Symptoms include: A visible tear in your anus Pain during, and even after, bowel movements Small amounts of blood on the surface of stools and toilet paper Burning and itching around the anus Smelly discharge You can easily mistake these symptoms as signs of other conditions, such as hemorrhoids.
system: What questions should I ask my doctor about anal fissures?
output: Once your doctor diagnoses an anal fissure, ask her these important questions: Can I expect this fissure to heal on its own? How can I treat an anal fissure at home? Do I need medication? Do I need to make changes to my diet? How long should it take for the fissure to heal? Am I likely to get more anal fissures? Will I need surgery? What are the risks of surgery?
system: How do doctors diagnose anal fissures?
output: In most cases, discussing your symptoms can give your doctor enough information to diagnose an anal fissure. If you've had any of the symptoms, be sure to tell her: When you have pain, burning, or itching How bad your discomfort is How long the pain and discomfort usually lasts What type of bleeding you've seen What, if anything, improves your symptoms Your doctor may ask you about your diet, bowel habits, and if you have any other medical conditions or intestinal problems.
system: Will I need a rectal exam to diagnose an anal fissure?
output: An anal fissure is a tear in the lining of your anus or anal canal. Your doctor may look at the area for a fissure.
system: Can coronary heart disease cause heart failure in women?
output: Fat-clogged arteries are less likely to be a main cause for heart failure in women than in men. At the same time, women are more likely to have heart failure, a stroke, or die within 5 years after a heart attack than men.
system: Is high blood pressure a risk for heart failure in women?
output: You typically get heart failure because of a health issue that weakens, damages, or stiffens your heart. That includes heart attacks, faulty heart valves, and infections. But the causes of heart failure in women and men can vary: High blood pressure . This doubles or triples your chance of getting heart failure. But high blood pressure is much more common in women who have heart failure than in men.
system: Are women more likely than men to get heart failure?
output: As with other types of heart problems, women and men can get heart failure for different reasons, and it can affect them differently. Fat-clogged arteries are less likely to be a main cause for heart failure in women than in men. Women who get heart failure sometimes respond differently to treatments than men, and the condition can affect them differently: Women tend to get heart failure at an older age.
system: Can pregnancy cause heart failure in women?
output: About 3 million women in the U. S. have it. If they do, they're likely to have it again with future pregnancies, especially if they're over 35, African- American, or have pregnancy-related diabetes.
system: What medications and therapies might work better for heart failure in women?
output: As with other types of heart problems, women and men can get heart failure for different reasons, and it can affect them differently. They are sometimes used to treat high blood pressure. Aldosterone antagonists. They help the body get rid of water. Pacemakers. These devices control your heartbeat.
system: What are the treatments for antisperm antibodies?
output: They can make it harder for couples to have a baby. But it's rare for antibodies by themselves to make it impossible to get pregnant. Less commonly, your doctor may check your cervical mucus for antisperm antibodies. That could lead to fewer antibodies and raise the chances that your female partner could get pregnant. For women, one treatment that's shown to help your chances of getting pregnant is intrauterine insemination.
system: What causes antisperm antibodies?
output: It happens when the immune system mistakenly targets sperm in a man's semen as an invader and damages or kills it. This can also happen after a testicle surgery like a vasectomy. Women's bodies can make antisperm antibodies if they have an allergic reaction to semen. Antibodies in a woman's vagina kill the sperm. That's rare, and doctors don't know exactly why it happens.
system: What are antisperm antibodies?
output: Like the name says, antisperm antibodies fight sperm. Both men and women can make them. They can make it harder for couples to have a baby. But it's rare for antibodies by themselves to make it impossible to get pregnant. In men, an infection in their prostate or an injury to their testicles can set off an immune response when the sperm comes in contact with blood. This allows the sperm to avoid contact with antisperm antibodies in your cervical mucus.
system: What is obesity and how can it lead to heart failure?
output: More than one-third of Americans are obese. That means the ratio of their weight to their height, known as body mass index or BMI, is 30 or higher. Extra weight puts more strain on your heart. Being obese also makes you more likely to have diseases linked to heart failure, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or sleep apnea.
system: What is heart muscle disease (Cardiomyopathy) and how can it lead to heart failure?
output: This disease damages your heart muscle and makes it so weak it can't pump blood like it should. Cardiomyopathy can run in families, or it can be caused by coronary artery disease, a virus, or another condition.
system: What is an electrophysiology study?
output: Often, this can include what's called an âelectrophysiology studyâ so that doctors can learn in more detail how the different sections of your heart are sending electrical signals to each other. For this test, you are sedated at a hospital or clinic and soft, flexible wires are passed through your veins into your heart. You will need someone to drive you to and from your appointment.
system: What will your doctor do during a physical exam to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?
output: Other things she'll ask you about: Whether the symptoms came on suddenly or slowly What they feel like to you and how long they tend to last Whether you've noticed that you've had a fast heartbeat after caffeine or stress Whether you or anyone in your family has had heart problems or procedures During your exam, your doctor probably will listen to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope. She might also: Feel your thyroid gland on your neck Get your temperature and measure your blood pressure Take a small blood sample with a thin needle If your doctor still suspects supraventricular tachycardia after hearing about your symptoms, examining you and running some basic tests, she might ask you to get an EKG.
system: How is an electrocardiogram (ECG) done to diagnose supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?
output: To set up the test, a nurse or technician will attach 12 to 15 sticky patches, called electrodes, to your chest. If you have a hairy chest, an aide may need to shave small areas so they stay put. Each one will go with a wire that leads to a machine. During the test, which takes just a few minutes, you'll be asked to lie still and breathe normally.
system: What is the role of saliva in preventing tooth enamel erosion?
output: Tooth erosion happens when acids wear away the enamel on teeth. Not only does saliva increase the health of the body tissues, it protects enamel by coating the teeth in protective calcium and other minerals. Saliva also dilutes erosive agents such as acid, removes waste material from the mouth, and boosts protective substances that help fight mouth bacteria and disease.
system: How does fluoride affect tooth enamel erosion?
output: While fluoride is useful in preventing tooth decay, too much fluoride can cause problems like enamel fluorosis. Children with enamel fluorosis may have ingested too much fluoride through supplements, or they took fluoride supplements in addition to drinking fluoridated water. Also, swallowing fluoride toothpaste increases the chances of enamel fluorosis. Yet in some severe cases, the teeth are discolored, pitted, and difficult to keep clean.
system: How does tooth enamel protect your teeth?
output: Enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth. Enamel helps protect your teeth from daily use such as chewing, biting, crunching, and grinding. Although enamel is a hard protector of teeth, it can chip and crack. Enamel also insulates the teeth from potentially painful temperatures and chemicals. Because enamel has no living cells, the body cannot repair chipped or cracked enamel.
system: How can you prevent tooth enamel erosion?
output: Enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth. See your dentist every six months for regular checkups and cleaning. You can also try the following: Eliminate highly acidic foods and drinks from your diet such as carbonated sodas, lemons, and other citrus fruits and juices. Rinse your mouth immediately with clear water after eating acidic foods or drinking acidic drinks. The mouth is acidic for a few hours after eating foods high in sugar and starches. Avoid snacking unless you're able to rinse your mouth and brush teeth. Chew sugar-free gum between meals. Drink more water throughout the day if you have low saliva volume or dry mouth. Use fluoride toothpaste. Ask your dentist if sealants may be helpful in preventing enamel erosion and tooth decay.
system: What are signs of tooth enamel erosion?
output: Enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth. The edges of teeth become more rough, irregular, and jagged as enamel erodes. Indentations appear on the surface of the teeth. When enamel erodes, the tooth is more susceptible to cavities or tooth decay. When the tooth decay enters the hard enamel, it has entry to the main body of the tooth.
system: How does plaque cause tooth enamel erosion?
output: Plaque is a sticky film made up of saliva, food particles, bacteria, and other substances. Plaque forms between your teeth and gets inside tiny holes or pits in the molars. When this happens, the acids in plaque start to eat away at the healthy minerals in the tooth enamel. This causes the enamel to wear down and become pitted.