laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What causes subconjunctival hemorrhages?
output: Most subconjunctival hemorrhages are spontaneous without an obvious cause. Often, a person may discover a subconjunctival hemorrhage on awakening and looking in the mirror. Most spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhages are first noticed by another person seeing a red spot on your eye.
system: What is the conjunctiva in subconjunctival hemorrhage?
output: The conjunctiva is the thin, moist, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye (called the sclera) and the inside of the eyelids. The conjunctiva is the outermost protective coating of the eyeball. The conjunctiva contains nerves and many small blood vessels. These blood vessels are usually barely visible but become larger and more visible if the eye is inflamed. These blood vessels are somewhat fragile, and their walls may break easily, resulting in a subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding under the conjunctiva). A subconjunctival hemorrhage appears as a bright red or dark red patch on the sclera.
system: When should you seek medical care for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: If you have a hemorrhage in both eyes at the same time or if the subconjunctival hemorrhage coincides with other symptoms of bleeding, including easy bruising, bleeding gums, or both, contact your health care provider or eye care provider.
system: What does subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye) look like?
output: The hemorrhage itself is an obvious, sharply outlined bright red area overlying the sclera. The entire white part of the eye may occasionally be covered by blood.
system: How can you take care of yourself at home if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
output: Over-the-counter artificial tears can be applied to the eye if mild irritation is present. Unless otherwise directed by your health care provider, you should avoid the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications as these can increased bleeding. Usually, no treatment is required.
system: Is subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye) painful?
output: When the bleeding first occurs, you may experience a sense of fullness in the eye or under the lid. As the hemorrhage resolves, some people may experience very mild irritation of the eye or merely a sense of awareness of the eye.
system: What is the medical treatment for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: Usually, no treatment is required. Your health care provider or eye care provider may prescribe artificial tears to ease any irritation that may be present. If the injury is related to trauma, your health care provider or eye care provider may need to examine your eye to rule out the possibility of damage to other parts of the eye.
system: What is the outlook for a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
output: This condition clears by itself within one to two weeks. Usually, recovery is complete, without any long-term problems, similar to a mild bruise under the skin. Like a bruise, a subconjunctival hemorrhage changes colors (often red to orange to yellow) as it heals.
system: What questions should you ask your doctor if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
output: Go to your health care provider, eye care provider, or emergency department immediately if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage and you have any of the following: Pain associated with the hemorrhage Changes in vision (for example, blurry vision, double vision, difficulty seeing) History of a bleeding disorder History of high blood pressure Injury from trauma to the eye Is there any sign of damage to the eye? Will I develop any scarring or permanent vision loss from this subconjunctival hemorrhage? What causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage? How can I prevent a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
system: What will happen if you have subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: In a spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage, no blood will exit from the eye.
system: What medical treatment can you use for a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
output: Usually, no treatment is needed. Over-the-counter artificial tears can be applied to the eye if mild irritation is present. Unless otherwise directed by your health care provider, you should avoid the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications as these can increased bleeding.
system: What is the outlook if you have subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: This condition clears by itself within one to two weeks. Usually, recovery is complete, without any long-term problems, similar to a mild bruise under the skin. Like a bruise, a subconjunctival hemorrhage changes colors (often red to orange to yellow) as it heals. A skin bruise changes to various shades of green, black and blue as it heals, because the blood is being seen though skin. Because the conjunctiva is transparent, a subconjunctival hemorrhage never has these color characteristics.
system: Will blood come out of my eye if I have subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: In a spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage, no blood will exit from the eye. If you blot the eye with a tissue, there should be no blood on the tissue.
system: What exams and test are used for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: Your health care provider or eye care provider will take a concise history of the events prior to the subconjunctival hemorrhage and perform an examination. Your blood pressure may also be checked. If you've been evaluated by your primary health care provider initially, you may be referred to an eye care specialist. If trauma was the cause, a more thorough examination using a slit lamp (a special microscope for examining the eye) will usually be performed.
system: When do you need immediate attention for subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: Go to your health care provider, eye care provider, or emergency department immediately if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage and you have any of the following: Pain associated with the hemorrhage Changes in vision (for example, blurry vision, double vision, difficulty seeing) History of a bleeding disorder History of high blood pressure Injury from trauma to the eye Is there any sign of damage to the eye?
system: How can you take care of subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye) at home?
output: Usually, no treatment is needed. Over-the-counter artificial tears can be applied to the eye if mild irritation is present. Unless otherwise directed by your health care provider, you should avoid the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxyn, or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications as these can increased bleeding.
system: What are the symptoms of subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: Most of the time, no symptoms are associated with a subconjunctival hemorrhage other than seeing blood over the white part of the eye.
system: Where can you go for more information about subconjunctival hemorrhages?
output: American Academy of Ophthalmology 655 Beach Street Box 7424 San Francisco, CA 94120 (415) 561-8500 Media file 1: Subconjunctival hemorrhage.
system: What exams and tests do you need if you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
output: You may need to have blood tests. Your blood pressure may also be checked. If you've been evaluated by your primary health care provider initially, you may be referred to an eye care specialist. If trauma was the cause, a more thorough examination using a slit lamp (a special microscope for examining the eye) will usually be performed.
system: What questions should you ask your doctor about subconjunctival hemorrhage (bleeding in eye)?
output: Will I develop any scarring or permanent vision loss from this subconjunctival hemorrhage? What causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage? How can I prevent a subconjunctival hemorrhage? If the injury is related to trauma, your health care provider or eye care provider may need to examine your eye to rule out the possibility of damage to other parts of the eye.
system: When should I tell people after being diagnosed with breast cancer?
output: If you tell people about your cancer, you give them a chance to help and share their support. Only you know who you feel comfortable telling and when is the right time. Some people may seem uneasy and won't know what to say.
system: How can you create a support system after being diagnosed with breast cancer?
output: You may feel better talking to other people who have cancer. They're going through the same things you are and share the same feelings. Ask your doctor or search online to find a breast cancer support group. Or you may prefer talking to a close friend or family member, a counselor, or a member of your religious group. Choose someone you know is a good listener.
system: Should I get a second opinion after being diagnosed with breast cancer?
output: You might feel like you need to hurry and get treatment right away. But it's often a good idea to make sure your diagnosis is right and your treatment plan is on track. Ask your doctor -- or another doctor you trust -- to refer you to a breast cancer specialist. Bring all your medical records so she can get a complete picture of your health. Call your insurance provider.
system: How can you get educated about breast cancer after your diagnosis?
output: The more information you have about what to expect, the more prepared and hopefully less stressed you'll be. Talk to your health care team about the type and stage of breast cancer you have. Ask about possible side effects. Message boards and support groups are filled with people trying to be helpful. Ask if they will pay for the second office visit.
system: How should you check your feet to check to prevent complications for diabetes?
output: Check your feet every day. Look for any cuts, sores, scrapes, blisters, ingrown toenails, redness, or swelling. Wash and dry your feet carefully each day. Use lotion to avoid dry skin or cracked heels. Wear shoes on hot pavement or on the beach, and socks and shoes in cold weather. Test bathwater before you get in to avoid burns on your feet. Keep your toenails trimmed and filed straight across.
system: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect the kidneys?
output: Kidneys. Diabetes can affect blood vessels in your kidneys, too, so they may not work as well. After many years of trouble, they might stop working.
system: How can you prevent eye complications of diabetes?
output: Protect your eyes. Get a yearly eye exam. Your doctor can look for damage or diseases.
system: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect the skin?
output: Diabetes may make you more likely to have yeast infections, itching, or brown or scaly patches.
system: How can you take care your skin to prevent complications from diabetes?
output: Take care of your skin. Keep it clean and dry. Use talcum powder in places where skin may rub together, like your armpits. Don't take very hot showers or baths, or use drying soaps or bath gels. Moisturize your skin with body and hand lotion. Stay warm in cold winter months. Use a humidifier in your bedroom if it feels too dry.
system: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect nerves?
output: If high blood sugar damages your nerves, called diabetic neuropathy, you might feel pain, tingling, or numbness, especially in your feet.
system: How often should you get a checkup to prevent diabetes?
output: Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups. Your doctor can check your blood, urine, and do other tests to spot any problems. These visits are especially important, since many diabetes complications don't have clear warning signs.
system: How can diabetes affect your heart?
output: Years of high blood sugar may harm your body's blood vessels. That raises your chance of having heart disease, which can cause heart attacks or strokes later on. High blood pressure and high cholesterol make the problems even more likely.
system: How often should you get an eye exam to prevent diabetes?
output: Protect your eyes. Get a yearly eye exam. Your doctor can look for damage or diseases.
system: Can diabetes cause erection problems?
output: High blood sugar can harm blood flow and damage nerves, and that may cause cuts, scrapes, or sores to heal slowly.
system: How can smoking affect your risk for diabetes?
output: High blood sugar can harm blood flow and damage nerves, and that may cause cuts, scrapes, or sores to heal slowly. You may lose some feeling in your feet, which keeps you from noticing injuries that can get infected. If an infection gets serious, it might mean you need to have a foot removed.
system: What levels are blood sugar are least likely to cause health problems if you have diabetes?
output: Make these tips part of your regular health routine: Keep tight control of your blood sugar. It's the best way to avoid diabetes complications. Your levels should stay in these healthy ranges as much as possible: Between 70 and 130 mg/d L before meals Less than 180 mg/d L 2 hours after you start a meal Glycated hemoglobin or A1 C level around 7% Watch your blood pressure and cholesterol.
system: Can you prevent health problems if you have diabetes?
output: Good habits go a long way toward preventing the other health problems that diabetes can cause.
system: How does getting regular checkups help avoid health complications of diabetes?
output: Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups. Your doctor can check your blood, urine, and do other tests to spot any problems. These visits are especially important, since many diabetes complications don't have clear warning signs.
system: How can diabetes affect your skin?
output: Diabetes may make you more likely to have yeast infections, itching, or brown or scaly patches.
system: If I have diabetes, will I have the associated complications?
output: Too much sugar in your blood can damage nerves and blood vessels, which can lead to many different types of problems. But those complications aren't set in stone for everyone with diabetes -- there's a lot you can do to avoid them. Along with treatment, good health habits can help you keep your disease under control and keep other troubles at bay. Take care of your skin.
system: How can you watch your blood pressure and cholesterol to prevent diabetes?
output: High blood pressure and high cholesterol make the problems even more likely. If they're too high, you're more likely to get other health problems, like heart disease. Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups.
system: How does high blood sugar due to diabetes affect the feet?
output: Men with diabetes may be at risk for sexual problems, because high blood sugar can harm blood flow and damage nerves that the body needs to get and keep an erection. If you need help to quit, your doctor can recommend treatments that might work for you. Test bathwater before you get in to avoid burns on your feet.
system: What blood pressure and cholesterol levels are least likely to cause health problems if you have diabetes?
output: High blood pressure and high cholesterol make the problems even more likely. If they're too high, you're more likely to get other health problems, like heart disease. Try to keep your BP below 140/90, and your total cholesterol at or below 200 mg/d L. Get regular checkups.
system: What complications can occur from diabetes?
output: Too much sugar in your blood can damage nerves and blood vessels, which can lead to many different types of problems. But those complications aren't set in stone for everyone with diabetes -- there's a lot you can do to avoid them. Along with treatment, good health habits can help you keep your disease under control and keep other troubles at bay. Take care of your skin.
system: When can I join hospice care?
output: You may enter a program if your doctor states that you have a terminal illness and that death can be expected in 6 months or less. You can stay in hospice beyond that time if your doctor and the team decide you still have only a short time to live. Hospice isn't always a permanent choice. For example, if your kidneys are failing, you might choose the hospice program rather than continuing with dialysis. But you can still change your mind, stop hospice care, and start back on treatments. Other people may get better unexpectedly and quit the service with the option of returning later.
system: What do I need to know about hospice care?
output: Some people might think using hospice means they're giving up. Others may worry that they won't get the medical care they need. But the service simply focuses on the quality of your life instead of trying to cure a disease. Your team may include a doctor, nurse, social worker, counselor, chaplain (if you're religious), home health aide, and trained volunteers. They work together to meet your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Hospice is for family members, too. It offers counseling and help with practical things such as cleaning house and shopping.
system: How do I find a program for hospice care?
output: Other services that are available include: Chaplain and spiritual services for you and your loved ones Social work and counseling Medicine to ease pain Medical equipment and supplies Advice on eating Physical and speech therapy Counseling for your loved ones Start by asking doctors, nurses, social workers, and friends for ideas. On the Internet, you can go to the website of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. You can call the NHPCO at 800-658-8898. For languages other than English, call 877-658-8896. You'll want to ask the hospice what's the role of your own doctor once care begins and whether the same nurse will visit during the week.
system: What levels of care does hospice offer?
output: The four levels are: Routine Home Care. The most common level of hospice care, this includes nursing and home health aide services. Continuous Home Care. This is when a patient needs continuous nursing care during a time of crisis. General Inpatient Care. Short-term care during times when pain and symptoms can't be managed without a hospital setting. Respite Care. Short-term care in a facility during times when the patient's caregiver needs a break in caregiving. You might decide you or your loved one wishes to stay where friends and family can visit freely. In fact, most people choose this option. A relative or friend usually serves as the primary caregiver.
system: What happens once you're in hospice?
output: You want relief from pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms so that you can focus on the people and things you care about the most. A doctor -- either your own or one connected with a program -- will give medical care. Nurses will also check on you. Aides will assist with things such as bathing, dressing, cleaning, and cooking. Other services that are available include: Chaplain and spiritual services for you and your loved ones Social work and counseling Medicine to ease pain Medical equipment and supplies Advice on eating Physical and speech therapy Counseling for your loved ones Start by asking doctors, nurses, social workers, and friends for ideas.
system: Is withdrawal a good method of birth control?
output: The pull out method, also called the withdrawal method, is not a reliable way to prevent pregnancy. In addition to not preventing pregnancy all that well, this isn't a good method of birth control because: It does nothing to protect you from sexually transmitted diseases ( STDs). So it can't help if there's any chance you could get something from your partner. But for couples who wouldn't mind a surprise pregnancy, the withdrawal method has benefits. It's free and convenient. It has no side effects, and you don't need to see a doctor or get a prescription.
system: When should I get cataract surgery?
output: But as cataracts grow, they can cause more symptoms. You could have dim or blurred vision. You may also have double vision when you look at things through the eye with the cataract. These problems can make it hard to read, work on a computer, and do anything else that calls for clear eyesight. You may have poor night vision and find it harder to drive when it's dark. You may be sensitive to glare from headlights. This can keep you from being outdoors as much as you'd like. It also makes it harder to play some sports, such as skiing or golf. If you have any of these symptoms, surgery could help. Your surgeon will make a tiny cut in the front of your eye, sometimes with the help of a laser. During this time, you may also have some tearing and find it hard to see well in bright light.
system: What should I do if my child breaks a finger?
output: Do not try to straighten the finger. If the bone has broken through the skin, do not touch it. Drape gauze or a clean diaper over the injury, control the bleeding, and get emergency help. Go to the pediatrician's office or the emergency room.
system: How do I reduce swelling in my child's broken finger?
output: You think your child has broken a finger. If possible, keep your child's hand elevated.
system: Where can I get help for my child's broken finger?
output: Do not try to straighten the finger. Go to the pediatrician's office or the emergency room.
system: Can the drugs that are used to treat bipolar disorder be dangerous?
output: Preliminary studies also suggest that the atypical antipsychotic cariprazine ( Vraylar) also may have value for treating bipolar depression Some of these drugs can potentially become toxic if doses get too high. Therefore, they need to be monitored periodically with blood tests and clinical assessments by the prescriber. Because it is often difficult to predict which patient will react to what drug or what the dosage should ultimately be, the psychiatrist will often need to experiment with several different medications when beginning treatment.
system: When is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used to treat bipolar disorder?
output: Electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is sometimes used for severely manic or depressed patients and for those who don't respond to medication or for those women who, while pregnant, experience symptoms. Because it can act quickly, it may be especially helpful for severely ill patients who are at high risk for attempting suicide. ECT fell out of favor in the 1960s partly due to distorted, negative portrayals of its use in the media. But modern procedures have been shown to be both safe and highly effective. The patient is first anesthetized and a muscle relaxant is given. Then, while the patient is asleep, a small electric current is passed through electrodes placed on the scalp to produce a grand mal seizure of short duration -- less than one minute. A course of treatment usually involves 6-12 treatments, typically administered three times per week. During the course of ECT treatments -- usually two to four weeks -- lithium and other mood stabilizers are sometimes discontinued to minimize side effects. They are then resumed after completion of the treatment.
system: What is important when helping and supporting someone with bipolar disorder?
output: In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, patients may engage in risky activities, such as fast driving or certain risky sports. They should be monitored and prevented from taking chances, especially in a car. Drinks and foods containing caffeine -- tea, coffee, and cola-- should be allowed in moderation. Avoid alcohol at all times. It is very important for a patient experiencing manic symptoms to receive prompt psychiatric assessment. Family members may need to contact the doctor, because oftentimes patients in a manic or hypomanic episode have little insight into their illness and may refuse treatment. But prompt intervention, including possible medication adjustments at an early point in an episode, may prevent further problems and the need for hospitalization.
system: If I have bipolar disorder, is it important to have support from family?
output: The family or spouse of a patient should be involved with any treatment. Having full information about the disease and its manifestations is important for both the patient and loved ones.