laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How does a doctor treat nursemaid's elbow?
output: The doctor will use a method called a "reduction maneuver" to put the elbow back into the correct position. In this method, the doctor holds the child's wrist and elbow. The doctor then carefully moves the arm in a specific way until the elbow pops back into place. You may hear a "click" when this happens. A reduction maneuver only takes a few seconds. It may be done in the doctor's office. The procedure can be briefly painful. The child will probably cry for a few seconds. It may take two or more times to put the elbow back into the correct position.
system: What should you do if nursemaid's elbow is caused by child abuse?
output: Nursemaid's elbow may happen if you: Catch a child by the hand to stop a fall Lift a child up by the hands or wrists Pull a child's arm through a jacket sleeve Swing a child by the arms or hands Yank on a child's arm to make him or her walk faster Sometimes nursemaid's elbow may happen if: An infant rolls over onto the arm A child uses the hands to brace himself or herself during a fall The main symptom of a pulled elbow is pain when the child moves the arm. A child abuse investigation may be done if there are other signs that the child is being abused or if it occurs in an older child.
system: What is nursemaid's elbow?
output: It is called nursemaid's elbow, and it can be quite painful for your little one. Nursemaid's elbow means the elbow has slipped out of its normal place at the joint. The elbow bone (radius) is connected to the elbow joint (humerus) by elastic bands called ligaments. These ligaments grow stronger and tighter as a child grows older. In little kids and babies, the ligaments are still loose. This makes it easy for the elbow to slip out of place. Your doctor or nurse may use other terms for nursemaid's elbow, such as: Pulled elbow Radial head subluxation Nursemaid's elbow is a common injury among toddlers and preschoolers. The most common cause of nursemaid's elbow is a pulling-type injury. Never swing a child by the hands or arms.
system: How do you treat chlamydia and gonorrhea be treated?
output: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: These STDs are treated with antibiotics. You should begin taking them if tests show you have the infection or if you have been exposed to it, even though you may not have symptoms. Your sex partners will also have to be treated regardless of whether they have symptoms. Certain strains of gonorrhea have become resistant to some antibiotics, so you may have to take more than one drug to fight gonorrhea.
system: Can you treat an STD at home?
output: Don't try to treat an STD yourself. These diseases are contagious and serious. You must see a doctor. Bacterial STDs can be cured with antibiotics if treatment begins early enough. Viral STDs cannot be cured, but you can manage symptoms with medications. There is a vaccine against hepatitis B, but it will not help if you already have the disease.
system: What kinds of tests can find STDs?
output: STDs may be detected during a physical exam; through Pap smears; and in tests of blood, urine, and genital and anal secretions.
system: What medication is prescribed for severe chickenpox?
output: If you've been exposed to someone who has chickenpox but don't have symptoms yet, your doctor may give you an injection of a treatment called immunoglobulin. It can help prevent severe chickenpox. You'll take the first dose within 24 hours of developing the rash. Then you'll take a tablet 5 times a day for 7 days.
system: What can I do to make my shopping with rheumatoid arthritis easier?
output: Reachers. Take yours with you to help retrieve items from high shelves at the store. For heavy or breakable items, though, ask a store employee or another shopper for help. Motorized shopping carts. Many stores have them. You can sit while you cruise the aisles. If the store doesn't have them, use a shopping cart, even if you only need a few things, to spare your hands and energy. You'll have something to lean on, too. Shopping bags. Reusable ones can be easier on your hands and wrists than plastic grocery bags. Have the bagger fill them halfway. To carry the bags, slide them over your forearms so your hands are free. Cross your arms and hold them close to your body to lighten the load on your shoulder and elbows.
system: Are there ways to make life easier with rheumatoid arthritis?
output: With rheumatoid arthritis, you can still lead an active life, look great, and do the things you enjoy. There are gadgets, which your doctor may call âassistive devices,â that can help you regain your independence and make daily tasks easier. Some are specially designed for people with conditions like RA, to make it easier to bend, reach, or grip. You might find them at a pharmacy or medical supply store, or you can search online for some devices.
system: How can I modify certain products to make them more convenient for rheumatoid arthritis?
output: Some to consider: Leather seats, which are easier to slide in and out of than upholstered seats Power window and seat controls Heated seats, which can soothe sore hips and lower backs Running boards, which make it easier to climb in and out Larger, easier-to-grip steering wheels With a little effort and craftiness, you can find or modify products that can help you keep doing your favorite hobbies and activities. Assistive devices like these can help: Kneelers and lightweight hoses for gardening Book stands for hands-free reading Large, easy-to-hold playing cards and electric shufflers for card games Equipment such as automated ball-teeing devices and ball retrieval aids for golf Light-weight spring-operated scissors for crafts Automatic needle threaders for needle work
system: What can I do to make my dressing and grooming easier if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
output: Clothes fastener. A button hook at one end makes it easier to fasten small buttons on blouses and sweaters. A hook on the other end helps open and close zippers. Long-handled shoe horn. The long handle makes it easier to put on shoes when bending is hard. A small notch on the end helps remove socks. Long-handled comb. A long handle with a coated grip makes it easier to comb your hair if RA affects your arm and wrist movement. Wash mitt. Made of terry cloth or mesh, this mitt can be used with body wash or bar soap. You won't have to grip a washcloth anymore. Flossers and electric toothbrushes also make it easier to take care of your teeth.
system: How can I make my kitchen and cooking easier if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
output: Two-handled pots and pans. With handles on both sides, these are easier to hold, because they allow you to spread their weight between both hands. Rocking T knife. Designed so that you need less strength and dexterity to use it, this knife applies pressure directly above the food to be cut. Used with a half-gallon carton, this holder provides a plastic handle that makes it easier to hold and pour milk. Wash mitt. Use the same type of terry cloth or mesh mitt you use in the shower to make washing dishes and kitchen clean-up easier. Reacher. This is basically a long stick (it may scope or fold) with a gripper or suction cups on one end, and it can extend your reach by 2 or 3 feet. Use it to retrieve lightweight items from high cupboard shelves or to pick up items from the floor without bending over. Other items that can make cooking easier include electric blenders, knives, can openers, and potato peelers. For serving a meal, nothing beats paper plates. Not only are they lighter than regular plates, but you don't need to clean them.
system: How many people die from the flu each year and how is it prevented?
output: The CDC estimates that as many as 56,000 people die from the flu or flu-like illness each year.
system: What is the best prevention for the common cold?
output: That's why frequent hand washing gets rid of the illness-causing germs and helps to prevent the spread of some diseases -- especially if a family member, friend, or classmate has a cold or flu virus. The CDC also says the simple act of hand washing is the single most important means of preventing the spread of viral and bacterial infections. The best thing you can do is prevent catching the virus that causes the common cold.
system: What is the outlook for schizophrenia?
output: If they get the proper care, which will probably include medication and psychotherapy, a kind of talk therapy, they are likely to do better.
system: What are the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Avoidant personality disorder symptoms include a variety of behaviors, such as: Avoiding work, social, or school activities for fear of criticism or rejection. It may feel as if you are frequently unwelcome in social situations, even when that is not the case. This is because people with avoidant personality disorder have a low threshold for criticism and often imagine themselves to be inferior to others. Low self-esteem Self-isolation When in social situations, a person with avoidant personality disorder may be afraid to speak up for fear of saying the wrong thing, blushing, stammering, or otherwise getting embarrassed. You may also spend a great deal of time anxiously studying those around you for signs of approval or rejection. A person who has an avoidant personality disorder is aware of being uncomfortable in social situations and often feels socially inept. Despite this self-awareness, comments by others about your shyness or nervousness in social settings may feel like criticism or rejection. This is especially true if you are teased, even in a good-natured way, about your avoidance of social situations.
system: How is avoidant personality disorder diagnosed?
output: Is unwilling to get involved with people unless they are certain of being liked. Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed. Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy. Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others. Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing.
system: How is avoidant personality disorder treated?
output: As with other personality disorders, a mental health professional will design a treatment plan that is appropriate for you. Avoidant personality disorder treatments vary, but they will likely include talk therapy. If a co-existing condition, such as depression or anxiety disorder, is also diagnosed, appropriate medications may also be used.
system: What is the social impact of avoidant personality disorder?
output: Avoidant personality disorder causes a fear of rejection that often makes it difficult to connect with other people. You may be hesitant to seek out friendships, unless you are certain that the other person will like you. When you are involved in a relationship, you may be afraid to share personal information or talk about your feelings. This can make it difficult to maintain intimate relationships or close friendships.
system: Who is more likely to get avoidant personality disorder?
output: Avoidant behavior may commonly be seen in children or adolescents, but a diagnosis of a personality disorder cannot be made in childhood because shyness, fear of strangers, social awkwardness, or being sensitive to criticism are often a normal part of child and adolescent development. A mental health professional can assess your symptoms, make an accurate diagnosis, and suggest the appropriate treatment options.
system: What is avoidant personality disorder?
output: Yet the symptoms involve more than simply being shy or socially awkward. Avoidant personality disorder causes significant problems that affect the ability to interact with others and maintain relationships in day-to-day life. About 1% of the general population has avoidant personality disorder. Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy.
system: What other conditions are associated with avoidant personality disorder?
output: A mental health professional can assess your symptoms, make an accurate diagnosis, and suggest the appropriate treatment options. Other mental health disorders can occur along with avoidant personality disorder. Treatments in these cases will be designed to help with the symptoms of each disorder. A few of the conditions that most frequently occur with avoidant personality disorder include: Social phobia, in which a person experiences overwhelming anxiety and self-consciousness in common social situations. Dependent personality disorder, in which people rely excessively on others for advice or to make decisions for them. Borderline personality disorder, in which people have difficulties in many areas including social relationships, behavior, mood, and self-image.
system: Can anaphylaxis be triggered by exercise?
output: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Common medication triggers are: Penicillin (more often following a shot rather than a pill) Muscle relaxants like the ones used for anesthesia Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Anti-seizure medications Anaphylaxis also can be triggered by a few other things. Some can have a reaction to a combination of things: Breathe in birch pollen and eat apple, raw potato, carrots, celery, or hazelnut Breathe in mugwort pollen and eat celery, apples, peanuts, or kiwi Breathe in ragweed pollen and eat melons or bananas Touch latex and eat papaya, chestnuts, or kiwi In rare cases, it can be triggered by 2 to 4 hours of exercise after eating certain foods or by exercise on its own.
system: What are typical food triggers of anaphylaxis for children and adults?
output: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Typical food triggers for children are: Peanuts Shellfish Fish Milk Eggs Soy Wheat Common food triggers for adults are: Shellfish Tree nuts (walnuts, hazel nuts, cashews, pistachios, pine nuts, and almonds) Peanuts Some people are so sensitive that even the smell of the food can trigger a reaction.
system: What are common medication triggers for anaphylaxis?
output: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Common medication triggers are: Penicillin (more often following a shot rather than a pill) Muscle relaxants like the ones used for anesthesia Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Anti-seizure medications Anaphylaxis also can be triggered by a few other things.
system: What causes anaphylaxis?
output: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Anaphylaxis happens when you have an antibody, something that usually fights infection, that overreacts to something harmless like food. It might not happen the first time you come in contact with the trigger, but it can develop over time. In children, the most common cause is food. For adults, the main cause is medication.
system: What are symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction?
output: Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. The first signs of an anaphylactic reaction may look like typical allergy symptoms: a runny nose or a skin rash. But within about 30 minutes, more serious signs appear. There is usually more than one of these: Coughing; wheezing; and pain, itching, or tightness in your chest Fainting, dizziness, confusion, or weakness Hives; a rash; and itchy, swollen, or red skin Runny or stuffy nose and sneezing Shortness of breath or trouble breathing and rapid heartbeat Swollen or itchy lips or tongue Swollen or itchy throat, hoarse voice, trouble swallowing, tightness in your throat Vomiting, diarrhea, or cramps Weak pulse, paleness Some people also remember feeling a "sense of doomâ right before the attack. As many as 1 out of every 5 people may have a second anaphylactic reaction within 12 hours of the first. This is called a biphasic anaphylaxis.
system: What is anaphylaxis?
output: If you have an anaphylactic reaction, you need an epinephrine (adrenaline) shot as soon as possible, and someone should call 911 for emergency medical help. Left untreated, it can be deadly. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Epinephrine can reverse the symptoms within minutes. If this doesn't happen, you may need a second shot within half an hour. These shots, which you need a prescription to get, come pre-filled and in ready-to-use pens. You shouldn't take an antihistamine for an anaphylactic reaction. Epinephrine is the most effective treatment for anaphylaxis, and the shot should be given right away (usually in the thigh).
system: How common is anaphylaxis?
output: If you have an anaphylactic reaction, you need an epinephrine (adrenaline) shot as soon as possible, and someone should call 911 for emergency medical help. Left untreated, it can be deadly. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Epinephrine can reverse the symptoms within minutes. If this doesn't happen, you may need a second shot within half an hour. These shots, which you need a prescription to get, come pre-filled and in ready-to-use pens. You shouldn't take an antihistamine for an anaphylactic reaction. Epinephrine is the most effective treatment for anaphylaxis, and the shot should be given right away (usually in the thigh).
system: What is the follow-up treatment for a dislocated finger?
output: Follow Up Keep any protective splint or cast clean and dry. Ice the finger for 20 minutes every few hours for a few days, if you are able. Continue elevating your finger when possible. Take pain medication as prescribed by the doctor. Depending on the nature of the injury, surgery or follow-up with an orthopedist who specializes in hands may be needed.
system: What are symptoms of a dislocated finger?
output: If the finger is bent or deformed, don't try to straighten it.
system: Do I need to see a  doctor for a dislocated finger?
output: Get Help See a doctor as soon as you can, ideally within a day. You'll need X-rays and procedures to realign the finger.
system: How effective is therapy for irritable bowel syndrome?
output: Therapy has limitations, though. Some studies have found it doesn't help the constipation or constant belly aches that come with IBS.
system: How can you prevent stress to prevent irritable bowel syndrome?
output: There's proof that keeping your stress under control can help you prevent or ease IBS symptoms. You could learn about relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or visualization, where you imagine a peaceful scene. Or you can zap tension by simply doing something fun -- talk to a friend, read, listen to music, or go shopping. It's also a great idea to exercise, get enough sleep, and eat a good diet for IBS.
system: How is stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome related?
output: It's not totally clear how stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome are related -- or which one comes first -- but studies show they can happen together. When a doctor talks to people with this digestive disorder, "what you find is that about 60% of IBS patients will meet the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders," says Edward Blanchard, Ph D, professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Albany. The most common mental ailment people with irritable bowel syndrome have is generalized anxiety disorder, Blanchard says. He thinks more than 60% of IBS patients with a psychiatric illness have that type of anxiety. Another 20% have depression, and the rest have other disorders.
system: When should you talk to your doctor about stress and irritable bowel syndrome?
output: If you're still tense and anxious, talk with your doctor. Make sure you're getting the right medical treatment for your constipation or diarrhea. Then discuss whether talk therapy might help. People with irritable bowel syndrome "should really start with their primary care physician, and work with that person," Blanchard says. " They should only go the next step [psychological care] if what they're doing with their doctor is not working."
system: When should I talk with my doctor about my anxiety and IBS?
output: Make sure you're getting the right medical treatment for your constipation or diarrhea. Then discuss whether talk therapy might help. People with irritable bowel syndrome "should really start with their primary care physician, and work with that person," Blanchard says. " They should only go the next step [psychological care] if what they're doing with their doctor is not working." Blanchard says two-thirds of people with IBS get better with changes in diet and medication. The other third, people with more severe symptoms, might benefit from psychological help. "
system: What is the most common mental ailment found in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: The most common mental ailment people with irritable bowel syndrome have is generalized anxiety disorder, Blanchard says. He thinks more than 60% of IBS patients with a psychiatric illness have that type of anxiety. Another 20% have depression, and the rest have other disorders. Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Thos can lead to other symptoms that include upset stomach, trembling, muscle aches, insomnia, dizziness, and irritability.
system: What theories exist about the connection between stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: There are several theories about the connection between IBS, stress, and anxiety: Although psychological problems like anxiety don't cause the digestive disorder, people with IBS may be more sensitive to emotional troubles. Stress and anxiety may make the mind more aware of spasms in the colon. IBS may be triggered by the immune system, which is affected by stress.
system: What do people with anxiety tend to worry about?
output: Regardless of whether they have irritable bowel syndrome, people with anxiety tend to worry greatly about issues such as health, money, or careers. Thos can lead to other symptoms that include upset stomach, trembling, muscle aches, insomnia, dizziness, and irritability.
system: What are the limitations of therapy in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms?
output: Therapy has limitations, though. Some studies have found it doesn't help the constipation or constant belly aches that come with IBS.
system: Are stress and anxiety related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: It's not totally clear how stress, anxiety, and irritable bowel syndrome are related -- or which one comes first -- but studies show they can happen together. When a doctor talks to people with this digestive disorder, "what you find is that about 60% of IBS patients will meet the criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders," says Edward Blanchard, Ph D, professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Albany. There are several theories about the connection between IBS, stress, and anxiety: Although psychological problems like anxiety don't cause the digestive disorder, people with IBS may be more sensitive to emotional troubles. Stress and anxiety may make the mind more aware of spasms in the colon. IBS may be triggered by the immune system, which is affected by stress.