laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the risk factors for heel spurs?
output: Risk factors for heel spurs include: Walking gait abnormalities,which place excessive stress on the heel bone, ligaments, and nerves near the heel Running or jogging, especially on hard surfaces Poorly fitted or badly worn shoes, especially those lacking appropriate arch support Excess weight and obesity Other risk factors associated with plantar fasciitis include: Increasing age, which decreases plantar fascia flexibility and thins the heel's protective fat pad Diabetes Spending most of the day on one's feet Frequent short bursts of physical activity Having either flat feet or high arches Heel spurs often cause no symptoms.
system: What are heel spurs?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A heel spur is a calcium deposit causing a bony protrusion on the underside of the heel bone. On an X-ray, a heel spur can extend forward by as much as a half-inch. Without visible X-ray evidence, the condition is sometimes known as "heel spur syndrome."
system: What does the treatment for heel spurs include?
output: Treatments for heel spurs and associated conditions include exercise, custom-made orthotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and cortisone injections. If conservative treatments fail, surgery may be necessary.
system: What causes heel spurs?
output: Heel spurs occur when calcium deposits build up on the underside of the heel bone, a process that usually occurs over a period of many months. Heel spurs are often caused by strains on foot muscles and ligaments, stretching of the plantar fascia, and repeated tearing of the membrane that covers the heel bone. Heel spurs are especially common among athletes whose activities include large amounts of running and jumping.
system: What surgical techniques are used to treat heel spurs?
output: Surgical techniques include: Release of the plantar fascia Removal of a spur Pre-surgical tests or exams are required to identify optimal candidates, and it's important to observe post-surgical recommendations concerning rest, ice, compression, elevation of the foot, and when to place weight on the operated foot.
system: How can you prevent heel spurs?
output: You can prevent heel spurs by wearing well-fitting shoes with shock-absorbent soles, rigid shanks, and supportive heel counters; choosing appropriate shoes for each physical activity; warming up and doing stretching exercises before each activity; and pacing yourself during the activities. Avoid wearing shoes with excessive wear on the heels and soles. If you are overweight, losing weight may also help prevent heel spurs.
system: What over-the-counter medications can you take for heel spurs?
output: He or she may recommend conservative treatments such as: Stretching exercises Shoe recommendations Taping or strapping to rest stressed muscles and tendons Shoe inserts or orthotic devices Physical therapy Night splints Heel pain may respond to treatment with over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil), or naproxen ( Aleve). In many cases, a functional orthotic device can correct the causes of heel and arch pain such as biomechanical imbalances. In some cases, injection with a corticosteroid may be done to relieve inflammation in the area.
system: What are the symptoms of heel spurs?
output: Although heel spurs are often painless, they can cause heel pain. But heel spurs can be associated with intermittent or chronic pain -- especially while walking, jogging, or running -- if inflammation develops at the point of the spur formation. In general, the cause of the pain is not the heel spur itself but the soft-tissue injury associated with it. Many people describe the pain of heel spurs and plantar fasciitis as a knife or pin sticking into the bottom of their feet when they first stand up in the morning -- a pain that later turns into a dull ache. They often complain that the sharp pain returns after they stand up after sitting for a prolonged period of time.
system: How can you deal with freezing due to Parkinson's disease?
output: Have someone place their foot in front of you, or visualize something you need to step over, to get moving again.
system: What aids can help with Parkinson's disease?
output: Purchase a small battery-powered alarm pillbox to help you remember your medication schedule. Use a speaker phone or telephone headset to ease the problem of hand tremors while talking on the phone. Install an intercom system or purchase walkie-talkies to make contact within the home easier.
system: How can periods of rest help manage Parkinson's disease?
output: You may need to plan at least one rest period every day. If you have swelling in your feet or ankles, elevate your legs when you are resting or sitting for prolonged periods. Avoid working long days. Rest between recreation and leisure activities.
system: How can conserving energy help manage Parkinson's disease?
output: Using less energy with daily tasks can help you have more energy to do more activities during the day. You may need to cut down on some of your activities or use energy-saving devices or techniques. If daily self care or home care activities are too tiring, discuss this with your doctor.
system: How can you prevent drooling from Parkinson's disease?
output: Suck on hard candy, lozenges, or gum to control excess saliva. Use a straw when drinking to strengthen the muscles of the lips, mouth, and throat.
system: What are some bathing tips if you have Parkinson's disease?
output: Use a shower chair if necessary. Use a hand-held hose for showering and bathing. Use a long-handled sponge or scrubbing brush. Use soap-on-a-rope, bath mitts, or sponges with soap inside or a soft soap applicator instead of bar soap. Use lukewarm water, as very hot water can cause fatigue. Sew straps on towels to make them easier to hold while drying. Place a non-skid rug on the floor outside the tub to dry your feet so you don't slip. Put a towel on the back of your chair and rub your back against it to dry.
system: What are tips for standing up if you have Parkinson's disease?
output: Bend slowly at the waist and touch your toes before trying to rise from a seated position. Once standing, remain in place for a few seconds before trying to walk. This will help you regain your balance. Place an additional cushion or book to add height to your chairs and add firmness, this will help you to decrease the distance when sitting or standing. To make it easier to get out of bed, tie a sheet to the bed post and knot the other end so you can grasp the sheet to rise to a sitting position.
system: What are shopping tips for Parkinson's disease?
output: Call ahead to make sure the store has the item you need. Call ahead to reserve a wheelchair or tri-wheel cart if you aren't planning to bring your own.
system: What are some grooming tips if you have Parkinson's disease?
output: Do all of your grooming (shaving, drying your hair, etc.) Use toothbrushes with built-up handles or use an electric toothbrush.
system: What are cleaning tips for Parkinson's disease?
output: Also choose clothing that opens in the front, not the back so you don't have to reach behind you. Use a long-handled sponge or scrubbing brush. In the bathroom, use an elevated toilet seat and/or safety rails to assist standing from a low surface.
system: What are tips for getting dressed if you have Parkinson's disease?
output: Roll from side to side to get pants over your hips. Wear clothes that are loose fitting and have elastic waistbands. Choose wrap-around clothing instead of the pullover type. Wear clothing with large, flat buttons, zippers, or Velcro closures. Use a button hook to button clothing. Use a dressing stick if you have shoulder weakness to get your coat or shirt on or off. Use a zipper pull or attach a leather loop on the end of the zipper to zip pants or jackets. Wear slip-on shoes or buy elastic shoelaces that allow you to slip your shoes on and off without untying the laces.
system: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease bathe themselves?
output: Use a hand-held showerhead, rubber bath mat, grab bars, and a shower stool to prevent falls. If he has trouble getting in and out of the tub, try sponge baths. To help relax him during bathing, play calming music and tell him what you are doing each step of the way. Give him as much privacy as you can. Put a towel over his shoulders and lap. Clean under the towel with a washcloth or sponge. If she tends to get anxious and hitting is a problem, give her a washcloth to hold.
system: How should I help a patient with Alzheimer's disease with activities.
output: Stay active. Take a walk together every day to keep muscles strong, boost mood, and help with sleep. If he can't get around well, he may be able to use a stationary bike or resistance bands. Playing word games, doing puzzles, talking about current events, or gardening can fuel thinking and memory. Listening to music (and playing "name that tune") can also bring back fond thoughts. Be sensitive -- if you sense he feels frustrated or upset by an activity, try something else.
system: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease groom themselves?
output: Use this checklist to help you help him with daily care: Show him how to brush his teeth step by step, or brush yours at the same time. Try an angled, long-handled, or electric toothbrush if you're brushing for him. If a woman wants to wear makeup, encourage it. Help her with lipstick and powder, if she wants. Skip eye makeup if it seems too hard for her to tackle. To keep shaving safe, use an electric razor instead of one with a blade.
system: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease dress themselves?
output: Make it easier for him to dress on his own. Lay out his clothes in the order he puts them on, or hand him one piece of clothing at a time. If he wants to wear the same clothes every day, don't fight it. Buy 3 or 4 sets of them. Make sure he has loose clothes that are easy to put on. Shorts and pants with elastic waistbands and slip-on shoes are good. Skip shoelaces, buttons, and buckles.
system: How should I help a person with Alzheimer's disease eat?
output: If he wants to wear the same clothes every day, don't fight it. Keep mealtime simple and calm. Turn off the TV and radio. Move unneeded items off the table. If having many foods at once confuses him, serve one thing at a time. Use solid-colored plates on a contrasting place mat so it's easier to tell her food from her plate and her plate from the table. Be patient, and give him plenty of time to eat. As it becomes harder for him to eat on his own, try finger foods like tuna sandwiches, steamed broccoli pieces, or orange segments. If swallowing is hard for him, serve softer foods like applesauce, cottage cheese, and scrambled eggs.
system: What are BRAF inhibitors as a type of targeted therapy for melanoma?
output: Targeted therapies" shrink melanoma cells without harming healthy cells. Some target a gene change called " BRAF" that makes melanomas grow. Your doctor may call these drugs " BRAF inhibitors."
system: What are side effects of chemotherapy for treating metastatic melanoma?
output: Chemo kills all kinds of fast-dividing cells, not just cancer cells. So it can cause side effects such as: Hair loss Appetite loss Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Greater chance of infection Tiredness Mouth sores Bruising or bleeding These problems should stop once you're done with chemo.
system: What are side effects of targeted therapies for treating metastatic melanoma?
output: Side effects include: Thickened skin Headache Fever Fatigue Rash Some people who are treated with these medicines later get another, but less- serious, type of skin cancer. Your doctor will check your skin for signs of cancer during and after your treatment.
system: How does radiation help in treating metastatic melanoma?
output: This uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells left behind after surgery. It also can ease pain from melanoma that has spread to the brain or bones. One type, called radiosurgery, treats melanoma that has spread to the brain. It aims the radiation right at the tumor to avoid damaging healthy brain cells around it.
system: What are side effects of combination therapy (MEK and BRAF inhibitors) for treating metastatic melanoma?
output: Your melanoma is harder to treat when it spreads to other parts of your body. They shrink tumors and help some people live longer. Side effects include: Rash Diarrhea Swelling Some people take both MEK and BRAF inhibitors.
system: What are the side effects of adalimumab (Humira) and adalimumab-atto (Amjevita) for Crohn's disease?
output: Redness, swelling, itching, pain, rash, or bruising of the skin where you got the shot Upper respiratory or sinus infections Headache Nausea What are some other potential side effects? All biologics can have side effects, including infections like tuberculosis and sepsis. These drugs don't cause tuberculosis, but they may trigger it in people already exposed to it. A few people have gotten cancers like lymphoma.
system: How is natalizumab (Tysabri) used to treat Crohn's disease?
output: Your doctor may recommend this drug if you have moderate to severe Crohn's disease with signs of inflammation. If you take it, you can't use other biologics or drugs that block your immune system. How it's given: Your doctor will give it to you through an IV.
system: How is certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) used to treat Crohn's disease?
output: This drug also eases symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease and helps to keep them from returning. How it's given: A shot under your skin What are the most common side effects?
system: What are the side effects of certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) for Crohn's disease?
output: Rash Swelling Joint pain Upper respiratory tract infection Urinary tract infection What are other potential side effects? You may be more likely to get tuberculosis and sepsis. Your odds of getting other infections may be higher than most. Tell your doctor right away if you have an infection, or if you have a cough, fever, fatigue, or the flu. In rare cases, people get cancers like lymphoma. What are the most common side effects?
system: How are infliximab (Remicade), infliximab-abda (Renflexis), and Infliximab-dyyb (Inflectra) used to treat Crohn's disease?
output: These drugs may ease symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease. They may also help keep them from coming back. These are abnormal connections between parts of your intestines, or from the intestines to your organs or skin. They often become infected and drain pus, mucus, or stool. How they're given: Your doctor will give them to you through an IV.
system: How are adalimumab (Humira) and adalimumab-atto (Amjevita) used to treat Crohn's disease?
output: These drugs may ease symptoms of moderate to severe Crohn's disease. They may also help keep them from coming back. How it's given: A shot under your skin What are the most common side effects?
system: What are the side effects of natalizumab (Tysabri) for Crohn's disease?
output: Upper respiratory infections Urinary tract infections Headache Depression Fatigue Diarrhea Stomach pain Rash What are other potential side effects? This drug raises your odds of a rare but sometimes fatal brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML). It can also cause allergic reactions and liver damage. What are the most common side effects?
system: How are biologics used to treat Crohn's disease?
output: They target specific proteins in your body that cause inflammation. Your doctor may recommend this drug if you have moderate to severe Crohn's disease with signs of inflammation. If you take it, you can't use other biologics or drugs that block your immune system. Tell your doctor about all prescription and over-the-counter drugs, supplements, or natural remedies you take.
system: I care for someone who has Parkinsonâs disease. What challenges am I likely to face?
output: This is a natural part of the disease. But it can make a caregiver feel that the person is being unnecessarily demanding or manipulative. While medications and surgery can provide significant relief of symptoms, they do not stop the progression of the disease. Depression is also very much a part of the disease. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression so you can help your loved one seek treatment promptly. Talk to your loved one face-to-face.
system: I take care of someone with Parkinson's disease. What are tips on taking care of myself, too?
output: Take time for yourself. Learn as much as you can about your loved one's disease. Let your loved one participate. Don't try to do everything for your loved one. Although it's not easy to discuss these topics, you should be informed of your loved one's wishes regarding a living will, durable power of attorney, and do-not-resuscitate ( DNR) order. Set realistic goals for yourself and your loved one. Have someone you can talk to. And, if you are feeling depressed and having trouble coping, it's just as important to get care for yourself.
system: How can a complete blood count help diagnose emphysema?
output: This simple blood test usually shows normal amounts of white and red blood cells. In advanced emphysema, your body produces more red blood cells to make up for decreased oxygen. These cells carry oxygen. If your white blood cell count is higher than normal, that's a possible sign of infection.
system: How is a pulmonary function test (PFT) done to diagnose emphysema?
output: For this exam, you may sit inside an enclosed booth and breathe into a tube. This will allow your doctor to measure: How much air your lungs can hold How fast you can blow air out of your lungs How much air stays trapped in your lungs after you exhale Whether you're able to breathe better after using medicines you inhale, such as albuterol If you have normal lungs, you'll likely be able to empty most of the air from them in 1 second. If you have emphysema, it'll probably take longer.
system: How does emphysema make you feel?
output: Your chest feels tight, you're out of breath much of the time, and you have a cough that won't go away. You may also experience wheezing.
system: How can a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan help diagnose emphysema?
output: If you have advanced emphysema, your lungs will appear to be much larger than they should be. A CT scan of your chest will show if the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs have been destroyed. These make it hard for you to breathe out like normal.
system: Why would you take arginine?
output: Because it relaxes blood vessels, arginine might have cardiovascular benefits for some people. Some studies have shown an immune-boosting effect. It seems to improve the symptoms of kidney inflammation and assists kidney function after a transplant. They include dementia, hypertension, cancer, male infertility, diabetes, and obesity. But the results have been inconclusive.
system: How much arginine should you take?
output: One common dosage is 2 to 3 grams three times a day, although lower and higher doses have also been studied. The safety of long-term arginine supplement use is not clear. Ask your doctor for advice. They could interact with birth control medicines, hormone therapy drugs, blood thinners, some painkillers, and medicines for erectile dysfunction, heartburn, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
system: What is arginine?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Arginine, or L-arginine, is an amino acid that is made in the body. As a supplement, it seems to help with several conditions, from migraines to inflammation. Arginine has become a popular supplement in the U. S. However, most people seem to have enough arginine in their bodies already. People with protein malnutrition, burns, infections, rapid growth, and other conditions might benefit from supplemental arginine.
system: What causes dandruff?
output: Skin cells that grow and die off too fast are the problem. Exactly why that happens isn't clear. A very common fungus called malassezia may contribute to dandruff. This fungus lives on the scalp of most healthy adults without causing any problems. One theory is that the immune system of someone with dandruff may overreact to that fungus. Dandruff may get worse when you're stressed or sick. Cold, dry winters can trigger dandruff or make it worse, too.
system: What is the best way to plan the day if I have Alzheimer's disease?
output: Focus on things you enjoy and are able to do safely on your own. Take advantage of the times of the day when you feel best. It will be easier to get things done. Allow yourself the time to do what you need to do. Don't feel like you have to hurry or let other people rush you. If something gets too hard, take a break. Ask for help if you need it.
system: What strategies can help you deal with memory problems if you have Alzheimer's disease??
output: To start: Keep a notebook or smartphone with you to keep track of important information, phone numbers, names, ideas you have, appointments, your address, and directions to your home. Put sticky notes around the house with reminders for yourself. Label cupboards and drawers with words or pictures that describe their contents. Ask a friend or family member to call and remind you of important things you need to do during the day, like taking medication and going to appointments. Keep photos of people you see often, and label the photos with their names.
system: How do I take care of myself at home if I have Alzheimer's disease?
output: To make sure you're safe and have what you need at home, put some of these measures in place early so they become routine: Look into getting help with things like shopping, housekeeping, meals (including home-delivered ones), and transportation. The Area Agency on Aging or a local Alzheimer's organization can recommend some services. Ask a neighbor you trust to keep a set of your house keys. Ask a friend or family member to help you organize your closets and drawers to make it easier to find things. Keep a list of important and emergency numbers by the phone. Have family, friends, or a community service program call or visit daily to make sure everything is OK. Ask someone to check your smoke alarm regularly.
system: Can you drive if you have Alzheimer's disease?
output: Talk to your doctor at each visit about driving. At some point, it may no longer be safe for you to drive. Until that happens, try to drive only in areas that you know well so you won't get lost. Ask the Department of Motor Vehicles about testing your driving skills.
system: What are tips on talking to someone if I have Alzheimer's disease?
output: Don't feel like you have to hurry or let other people rush you. Keep these tips in mind when you're trying to talk with others: Always take your time, and don't feel like you need to rush. If you need to, ask the person you're speaking with to repeat what she's saying or to speak slowly. Avoid distracting noises, and find a quiet place to talk.
system: How do I avoid getting lost if I have Alzheimer's disease?
output: Take directions with you, even if you're going somewhere you've been before. Ask for help if you need it. If you want to, you can explain that you have a memory problem. Just because you no longer drive doesn't mean you won't be able to get where you need to go. Choose someone you trust to handle your finances should you no longer be able to.