laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are warning signs of infection after a heart transplant?
output: Warning signs of infection include: Fever over 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) Sweats or chills Skin rash Pain, tenderness, redness, or swelling Wound or cut that won't heal Red, warm, or draining sore Sore throat, scratchy throat, or pain when swallowing Sinus drainage, nasal congestion, headaches, or tenderness along upper cheekbones Persistent dry or moist cough that lasts more than two days White patches in your mouth or on your tongue Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Flu-like symptoms (chills, aches, headache, or fatigue) or generally feeling "lousy" Trouble urinating: pain or burning, constant urge or frequent urination Bloody, cloudy or foul-smelling urine If you have any of these symptoms of organ rejection or infection, notify your doctor right away.
system: What are warning signs of rejection after a heart transplant?
output: It is vital for you to be aware of the possible signs of rejection and infection so you can report them to your doctors and be treated immediately. Signs of organ rejection include: Fever over 100.4 ° F (38 ° C) " Flu-like" symptoms such as chills, aches, headaches, dizziness, nausea, and/or vomiting Shortness of breath New chest pain or tenderness Fatigue or generally feeling "lousy" Elevation in blood pressure With too much immunosuppression, the immune system can become sluggish, and a patient can easily develop severe infections.
system: Why does organ rejection happen?
output: Normally, the body's immune system protects the body from infection. This occurs when cells of the immune system move around the body, checking for anything that looks foreign or different from the body's own cells. Rejection occurs when the body's immune cells recognize the transplanted heart as different from the rest of the body and attempt to destroy it.
system: Where do donor organs come from?
output: Donor organs are located through the United Network for Organ Sharing's ( UNOS) computerized national waiting list. This waiting list assures equal access and fair distribution of organs when they become available. When a heart becomes available for transplantation, it is given to the best possible match, based on blood type, body size, UNOS status (based on the recipient's medical condition) and the length of time the recipient has been waiting. The race and gender of the donor have no bearing on the match.
system: Can you exercise after getting a heart transplant?
output: Heart transplant recipients can exercise and are encouraged to exercise to improve the function of the heart and to avoid weight gain. However, due to changes in the heart related to the transplant, patients should speak to their doctor or cardiac rehabilitation specialist before beginning an exercise program.
system: Who is considered for a heart transplant?
output: Approximately 2,300 heart transplants are performed each year in the U. S. People who have advanced (end stage) heart failure, but are otherwise healthy, may be considered for a heart transplant.
system: Can you live normally after a heart transplant?
output: With the exception of having to take lifelong medication to keep the body from rejecting the donated heart, many heart transplant recipients lead active and productive lives.
system: How can a heart transplant affect your diet?
output: Diet. Your doctor will discuss your specific dietary needs, and a registered dietitian can help you understand specific dietary guidelines.
system: How long can a person live after a heart transplant?
output: Can you adhere to the lifestyle changes, including complex drug treatments and frequent exams, required after a transplant? Recent figures show that 75% of heart transplant patients live at least five years after surgery. Nearly 85% return to work or other activities they previously enjoyed. Many patients enjoy swimming, cycling, running, or other sports.
system: How long can you live after a heart transplant?
output: Can you adhere to the lifestyle changes, including complex drug treatments and frequent exams, required after a transplant? Recent figures show that 75% of heart transplant patients live at least five years after surgery. Nearly 85% return to work or other activities they previously enjoyed. Many patients enjoy swimming, cycling, running, or other sports.
system: What can you do to prevent and avoid organ rejection in a heart transplant?
output: Donors generally give their permission for organ donation before their death. If left alone, the immune system would damage the cells of a new heart and eventually destroy it. As mentioned, after a heart transplant, patients must take several drugs.
system: What happens if you are exposed to an allergen or asthma trigger?
output: Late Phase Response If you are exposed to an allergen or asthma trigger, the chances are great that airway obstruction or allergic asthma will occur shortly afterward. This acute asthma attack ends within one hour. About 50% of those who experience an immediate reaction also have a second phase of airway obstruction within three to eight hours of exposure to the allergen. This phase is called the late phase response, and it is characterized by an increase in airway responsiveness, development of bronchial inflammation, and a more prolonged period of airway obstruction. Many studies report that when allergen exposure occurs in the evening instead of in the morning, you are more susceptible to having a late phase response and are more likely to have one of greater severity.
system: When are asthma symptoms at their worst?
output: Nocturnal wheezing, cough, and trouble breathing are common yet potentially dangerous. Many doctors often underestimate nocturnal asthma or nighttime asthma. Studies show that most deaths related to asthma symptoms such as wheezing happen at night. According to your type of asthma and asthma severity (mild, moderate, or severe), your doctor can prescribe treatment to help you resolve your nighttime asthma symptoms so you can sleep like a baby.
system: How does acid reflux affect night-time asthma?
output: Nocturnal asthma, with symptoms like chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing at night, can make sleep impossible and leave you feeling tired and irritable during the day. GERD If you are frequently bothered with heartburn, the reflux of stomach acid up through the esophagus to the larynx may stimulate a bronchial spasm. It's worse when lying down or if you take medications for asthma that relax the valve between the stomach and esophagus. Sometimes, acid from the stomach will irritate the lower esophagus and lead to constriction of your airways. If stomach acid backs up to your throat, it may drip down to the trachea, airways and lungs, leading to a severe reaction. Taking care of GERD and asthma with appropriate medications can often stop nighttime asthma.
system: Why is asthma worse during sleep?
output: Many doctors often underestimate nocturnal asthma or nighttime asthma. Studies show that most deaths related to asthma symptoms such as wheezing happen at night. The exact reason that asthma is worse during sleep are not known, but there are explanations that include increased exposure to allergens; cooling of the airways; being in a reclining position; and hormone secretions that follow a circadian pattern. Sleep itself may even cause changes in bronchial function. According to your type of asthma and asthma severity (mild, moderate, or severe), your doctor can prescribe treatment to help you resolve your nighttime asthma symptoms so you can sleep like a baby.
system: What role does epinephrine play in asthma?
output: Epinephrine is one such hormone, which exerts important influences on the bronchial tubes. This hormone helps keep the muscle in the walls of bronchi relaxed so the airway remains wide. Epinephrine also suppresses the release of other substances, such as histamines, which cause mucus secretion and bronchospasm. Your epinephrine levels and peak expiratory flow rates are lowest at about 4:00 a.m., while histamine levels tend to peak at this same time. Since nocturnal asthma or nighttime asthma may occur anytime during the sleep period, asthma treatment must be sufficient to cover these hours.
system: Does cranberry have antioxidants?
output: Cranberry is an antioxidant, a substance that could protect cells from damage. Some lab studies show that cranberries might have an anticancer effects on cells. It isn't known if it might help people with cancer.
system: Why do people take cranberry?
output: A number of studies, many sponsored by juice manufacturer Ocean Spray, show that cranberry juice helps prevent urinary tract infections ( UTIs) in people who repeatedly have them. Some studies of cranberry supplements have had similar results. Cranberries might stop bacteria from sticking to the sides of the urinary tract. Studies have not shown that cranberries are effective treatments for UTIs once you have an infection.
system: What are side effects of taking cranberry?
output: Pregnant women might suffer these side effects at lower doses. While cranberry juice is generally safe, children or women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take cranberry for medical purposes unless a doctor recommends it.
system: Can cranberry help with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
output: Studies have not shown that cranberries are effective treatments for UTIs once you have an infection. There's no good evidence that it will help. Instead, see a doctor. If you have health conditions like aspirin allergy or kidney stones, check with a doctor before using cranberry for a health condition. Sweetened cranberry drinks can be high in calories and high-fructose corn syrup, and thus may be inadvisable for people with diabetes or weight problems.
system: What are cranberries?
output: Traditionally, cranberries have been used for urinary conditions and other ailments. Cranberries, cranberry juice, and cranberry extracts are safe.
system: What is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)?
output: Meibomian gland dysfunction ( MGD) is a common eye condition, yet many people don't realize they have it. You get it when there's a problem with a few dozen tiny glands in your eyelids that help make tears.
system: How is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) diagnosed?
output: There's no single thing that can show that you have MGD. Your eye doctor will look closely at your eyelids to inspect the gland openings. She may press on your eyelids to squeeze oil out. The Schirmer's test checks if you make enough tears. Other tests can measure the quality of your meibum and how fast your tears evaporate. The combination of results can lead to a diagnosis of MGD.
system: What are self-care treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)?
output: Put a warm, wet washcloth or heat pack over your eyelids for 5 minutes, twice a day, to help loosen the oil. Follow this with a light fingertip massage. For the upper lid, look down and very gently roll one side of your index finger from the top of your eyelid down to the lash line. For the lower lid, look up at the ceiling and roll your finger up to the lash line. To help unblock gland openings, clean with a non-soap cleanser once a day. Dab it on a warm, wet washcloth and gently go along your upper and lower lash lines.
system: What are treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)?
output: For more advanced MGD and depending on what other health issues you have, your doctor may add medications to your care plan: Lubricants Antibiotics for infections Cyclosporine to suppress your immune system Steroids that help ease inflammation These could be eye drops or spray, creams, or pills. In the office, your doctor may use devices that send heat or pulsed light to open blocked meibomian glands and improve symptoms.
system: What does an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury feel like?
output: What you'll feel: Pain in your shoulder. You might also see a bump on top of the shoulder where it's separated.
system: How can you get a rotator cuff injury?
output: How it can get hurt: Sports that involve lifting your hands over your head -- like pitching in baseball, swimming the freestyle or butterfly stroke, serving in tennis, and weightlifting -- can cause the top part of the shoulder blade to pinch the rotator cuff muscles. Doctors call this âshoulder impingement.â Repetitive motion in sports can also overload the tendons of the rotator cuff. Over time, they can swell and get inflamed. Doctors call this tendinitis. If you ignore the pain and keep swinging that golf club or tennis racket, the tendon that connects the rotator cuff muscles to the ball part of the joint can eventually tear.
system: How do you treat a rotator cuff injury?
output: Treatment: Your doctor may suggest that you rest your shoulder for a few days, then start rotator cuff stretches and exercises so that this area gets stronger and moves well. Don't lift anything above shoulder level until the injury heals. An anti-inflammatory medication or corticosteroid injection may help bring down swelling and ease pain. If the pain and weakness don't improve, you might need physical therapy or surgery.
system: How is a dislocated shoulder treated?
output: Treatment: Don't let anyone work on your shoulder unless you're sure they are trained and have experience in doing this. Otherwise, it could make matters worse. Instead, see your doctor, who may give you a sedative or pain medicine before sliding your upper arm bone gently back into its socket. You'll have to keep the shoulder still for a few weeks afterward in a sling. If your shoulder is being stubborn and it won't go back in place, you may need surgery to move the joint. Surgery can also repair torn ligaments or tendons in your shoulder.
system: How can you dislocate your shoulder?
output: When the shoulder slips only partway out of the socket, doctors call that âsubluxation.â How it can get injured : A strong hit to your shoulder on the football field or ice hockey rink can pop the ball out of its socket. You can also get a dislocated shoulder if you rotate your shoulder joint too far, like when you're serving in volleyball.
system: How can you get an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?
output: How it can get hurt : You might get hit hard in the shoulder or fall on an outstretched hand.
system: How can you prevent a rotator cuff injury?
output: Prevention: Exercise your rotator cuff muscles to keep them strong and improve your range of motion. Be careful when you play sports like golf and tennis that use the same repetitive motions. Switch up your game once in a while. And stop whenever you feel pain.
system: How can you prevent an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?
output: Prevention: Do range-of-motion and strengthening exercises. Gradually increase the weight and number of reps to strengthen your shoulder.
system: What is an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury?
output: What it is : The AC (acromioclavicular) joint is where the uppermost part of your shoulder blade -- a structure called the acromion -- meets your collarbone. When ligaments connecting the acromion and collarbone get torn, you've got a separated shoulder.
system: What does a rotator cuff injury feel like?
output: What you'll feel: Pain is the main symptom of a rotator cuff injury. The pain gets worse when you raise your arm, and you might hear a click or popping sound. Eventually, the shoulder will hurt even when you're not moving it. A rotator cuff injury can limit your shoulder movement and cut your strength.
system: What is a dislocated shoulder?
output: What it is : A dislocated shoulder happens when the top of the upper arm bone (the âballâ) slips out of its socket. The ball can slip forward, backward, or downward. Before you fully dislocate it, the shoulder might feel like it's starting to go out of place. That's called instability. When the shoulder slips only partway out of the socket, doctors call that âsubluxation.â How it can get injured : A strong hit to your shoulder on the football field or ice hockey rink can pop the ball out of its socket.
system: What does a dislocated shoulder feel like?
output: What you'll feel: You can feel when your shoulder pops out of place. The pop will be followed by intense pain. You might also have swelling, bruising, and weakness in the arm.
system: How is an acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury treated?
output: Treatment: You'll need to see your doctor if you think you might have an AC joint injury. You will probably need to wear a sling to keep your shoulder still. Ice the area for about 20-30 minutes every couple of hours to cut swelling. Take acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen to help with the pain.
system: Who is most likely to get ringworm on the scalp?
output: Ringworm is most common in children between the ages of 3 and 7, but it can affect adults, too.
system: How are head lice treated?
output: To treat, parents can use an over-the-counter product with permethrin ( Nix), pyrethrin ( Rid), or spinosad ( Natroba). Lice kits usually contain a special shampoo that is left on the hair for 10 minutes and then washed out, and a fine-toothed comb to remove any remaining eggs. Another treatment is a lotion called Sklice, which doesn't use a comb. One treatment may be all that's needed. The key ingredient is ivermectin, a powerful parasite killer. You can use it on kids as young as 6 months.
system: What is the treatment for lice?
output: To treat, parents can use an over-the-counter product with permethrin ( Nix), pyrethrin ( Rid), or spinosad ( Natroba). Lice kits usually contain a special shampoo that is left on the hair for 10 minutes and then washed out, and a fine-toothed comb to remove any remaining eggs. Another treatment is a lotion called Sklice, which doesn't use a comb. One treatment may be all that's needed. The key ingredient is ivermectin, a powerful parasite killer. You can use it on kids as young as 6 months.
system: How is folliculitis treated?
output: Look for small, pus-filled pimples. Some mild cases will go away without treatment, but an antibiotic can help clear up the bacteria quickly. If shaving, waxing, or plucking is the cause, you may need to hold off on these for a few weeks to allow healthy hair to grow. Be sure to keep the affected area clean, cool, and dry.
system: What is dandruff?
output: Dandruff is simply a buildup of shedding dead skin. We don't know the cause, but it may be due to a fungus on the skin.
system: What is ringworm?
output: Despite the name, ringworm has nothing to do with worms. It's an infection that leaves round, scaly, red rashes and patches of hair loss on the scalp. Ringworm is most common in children between the ages of 3 and 7, but it can affect adults, too. It's spread through close contact or by sharing hats, clothing, towels, and combs. In rare cases, it's possible to catch ringworm from a dog or cat.
system: What is lichen planus on the scalp?
output: No one knows what causes it, but there are a number of theories, ranging from stress to genetics. It may also be linked to the hepatitis B or C virus, dental materials, or thyroid disease. Doctors believe lichen planus is an autoimmune disease, which means your immune system attacks your own body by mistake. Anti-malaria medications and those used to treat high blood pressure, heart disease, and arthritis can sometimes cause a lichen planus-like irritation. People who have lichen planus develop flat-topped, purple, or reddish bumps on their skin.
system: Should I clean the house if I have lice?
output: Clearing up lice also requires that you thoroughly clean house. Vacuum the rugs and furniture, and then wash all of the child's clothes, hats, bedding, and towels in hot water. Dry-clean items you can't wash, like stuffed animals, or seal them in plastic bags for two weeks. Experts recommend that you continue to check the hair for two to three weeks to make sure that all of the lice and nits (eggs) are gone. Use another lice kit after 10 days.
system: Is there a cure for dandruff?
output: There's no cure, but it's fairly easy to control by washing your hair more often with a medicated shampoo. Leave it in for 5 minutes before rinsing to give it a chance to work. Pick one with one or more of these ingredients: Coal tar ( Neutrogena T/ Gel, Tegrin) Zinc pyrithione ( Suave Dandruff Control, Pert Plus Dandruff Control, Head & Shoulders) Salicylic acid ( T- Sal, Sebulex) Selenium sulfide ( Selsun Blue) Ketoconazole ( Nizoral A- D) available as a 1% over-the-counter shampoo or a 2% prescription-strength one You may need to try two or three products to clear up your dandruff.
system: What is psoriasis?
output: This skin condition can show up anywhere, but often happens on the scalp. It causes the body to make too many new skin cells. This buildup can form thick, crusted scales that can feel itchy or sore.
system: Can you get dandruff from other people?
output: You can't catch dandruff from someone else, and it isn't dangerous, but it can be itchy and a bother. Luckily, there's no redness or scabbing of the scalp.
system: What is the treatment for cradle cap?
output: For treatment, try rubbing your baby's scalp softly with baby or mineral oil to loosen the scales. After a few minutes, wash your baby's hair with a gentle baby shampoo. Then brush the scalp very gently with a soft brush to loosen the flakes. If a regular shampoo isn't working, ask your pediatrician about a medicated one.
system: Can you get dandruff from someone else?
output: You can't catch dandruff from someone else, and it isn't dangerous, but it can be itchy and a bother.
system: What is cradle cap?
output: This form of seborrheic dermatitis affects infants, typically in the first 6 months. It causes greasy, yellowish scales or crusts on the scalp. Although it may frighten parents, cradle cap is not a sign of a more serious infection, and it will usually clear up by the baby's first birthday.
system: How is lichen planus on the scalp treated?
output: To kill the fungus, you must treat ringworm on the scalp with medications taken by mouth. Retinoid medications used for acne may also help. Antihistamines (such as Benadryl), cold compresses, and soothing baths can help the itching. Sometimes doctors use a type of ultraviolet light therapy called PUVA (psoralen plus UVA radiation), narrow band UVB phototherapy, or antibiotics.
system: Does hair make my scalp itch?
output: There's no cure, but it's fairly easy to control by washing your hair more often with a medicated shampoo. And they usually itch.
system: How does alcohol use disorder affect younger and older people differently?
output: In young people binge drinking is more acceptable, and teenagers tend to drink with friends. Older people are more likely to drink alone, and take medications or have co-morbidities that make drinking more risky. Both situations can make it hard to identify a problem drinker.
system: What health problems can alcohol use disorder cause?
output: Alcohol intoxication may or may not be obvious to observers. Even in highly functional alcoholics, chronic alcoholism can lead to physical problems. Most common is damage to your liver, which over time can lead to cirrhosis (scarred liver). Other risks include depression, chronic gastritis that leads to stomach bleeds, pancreatitis, high blood pressure, heart failure, numbness and tingling in your feet and changes in your brain. Alcoholism can also increase your risk for infections including pneumonia and tuberculosis. Alcoholism can also lead to impotence in men, damage to the fetus in pregnant women, and an elevated risk of cancer of the larynx, esophagus, liver, breast, stomach, pancreas, and upper gastrointestinal tract. Because heavy drinkers seldom have adequate diets, they may have nutritional deficiencies. Heavy drinkers typically have impaired liver function, and up to one in five develops cirrhosis.