laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is scalp reduction for hair loss?
output: Among the most common side effects are: Swelling Bruising around the eyes Crusting on the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp A lack of feeling or sensation around the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp Itching at the "donor" site Scalp Reduction A scalp reduction is the removal of non-hair-bearing skin from the scalp so that the remaining hair-bearing skin can be stretched to fill in the bald area of the head. Scalp reduction can reduce as much as half of the bald area. It is a procedure performed to cover bald areas on the top and back of the head and is not found to be beneficial for the frontal hairline.
system: What is Propecia?
output: Propecia is the first pill that can treat male pattern hair loss. Like all prescription products, it should be given under a doctor's care. While it is effective, if treatment is discontinued, results may not be maintained.
system: How long does hair grafting take?
output: After each session, a healing process of two to four months is usually recommended.
system: What is hair grafting for hair replacement?
output: Candidates for hair replacement procedures include: Men with male-pattern baldness Some women with female-pattern (genetic) hair loss A person who has lost some hair as a result of burns or other scalp injuries People who've experienced recent hair loss Hair replacement is not recommended for the following people: Women with a diffuse, or wide-spread, pattern of hair loss Those who do not have sufficient "donor" sites (hair-bearing portions of the head from which hair-bearing skin is taken) People who form keloid scars that can result from trauma, surgery, burns, or radiation injury Hair Grafting or Hair Transplant Hair grafting -- also called a hair transplant -- is an outpatient hair replacement procedure performed in the dermatological surgeon's office. Micro grafts contain only one to two hairs per graft, while slit grafts contain between four and ten, and punch grafts hold 10-15 hairs. Also available are mini-grafts (containing two to four hairs) and strip grafts (long thin grafts containing 30 to 40 hairs). Local anesthetic is injected into the scalp and sedation is available if needed for relaxation and comfort.
system: What are the most common cause of hair loss?
output: In fact, heredity accounts for 95% of all the cases of alopecia (baldness) in this country. The remaining 5% of the cases can be due to a number of things, including diet, stress, illness, and medications. Among the most common side effects are: Swelling Bruising around the eyes Crusting on the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp A lack of feeling or sensation around the "donor" and "recipient" sites of the scalp Itching at the "donor" site Scalp Reduction A scalp reduction is the removal of non-hair-bearing skin from the scalp so that the remaining hair-bearing skin can be stretched to fill in the bald area of the head.
system: What do high dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) results mean?
output: The normal range for DHEA- S depends on your age, sex, health, and even the way the lab measures the results. A normal level means your adrenal glands are working right. A high level of DHEA- S could mean you might have: Adrenal cancer or tumors Cushing's disease, which can cause fat on the back of the neck and on the belly, full face, skin bruising, and excess hair growth Adrenal hyperplasia, a condition that makes your adrenal gland overactive Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which causes sex hormones to get out of balance and often leads to infertility A low level of DHEA- S might mean: A damaged adrenal gland Addison's disease, a rare condition that causes weak muscles, lack of energy, weight loss, and low blood pressure Hypopituitarism, a rare hormonal disease that can lead to tiredness, low sex drive, infertility, weight loss, and short height in children This will depend on your specific condition or disease.
system: What do low dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) results mean?
output: A high level of DHEA- S could mean you might have: Adrenal cancer or tumors Cushing's disease, which can cause fat on the back of the neck and on the belly, full face, skin bruising, and excess hair growth Adrenal hyperplasia, a condition that makes your adrenal gland overactive Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which causes sex hormones to get out of balance and often leads to infertility A low level of DHEA- S might mean: A damaged adrenal gland Addison's disease, a rare condition that causes weak muscles, lack of energy, weight loss, and low blood pressure Hypopituitarism, a rare hormonal disease that can lead to tiredness, low sex drive, infertility, weight loss, and short height in children This will depend on your specific condition or disease.
system: What should I know about cleft lips and cleft palates?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Cleft lip and cleft palate are facial and oral malformations that occur very early in pregnancy, while the baby is developing inside the mother. Clefting results when there is not enough tissue in the mouth or lip area, and the tissue that is available does not join together properly.
system: How can speech problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: Children with cleft lip or cleft palate may also have trouble speaking. These children's voices don't carry well, the voice may take on a nasal sound, and the speech may be difficult to understand. Not all children have these problems and surgery may fix these problems entirely for some. For others, a special doctor, called speech pathologist, will work with the child to resolve speech difficulties.
system: Who gets cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, affects one in 700 babies annually, and is the fourth most common birth defect in the U. S. Clefts occur more often in children of Asian, Latino, or Native American descent. Compared with girls, twice as many boys have a cleft lip, both with and without a cleft palate. However, compared with boys, twice as many girls have cleft palate without a cleft lip.
system: How do doctors treat a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: Members of a cleft lip and palate team typically include: Plastic surgeon to evaluate and perform necessary surgeries on the lip and/or palate An otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat doctor) to evaluate hearing problems and consider treatment options for hearing problems An oral surgeon to reposition segments of the upper jaw when needed, to improve function and appearance and to repair the cleft of the gum An orthodontist to straighten and reposition teeth A dentist to perform routine dental care A prosthodontist to make artificial teeth and dental appliances to improve the appearance and to meet functional requirements for eating and speaking A speech pathologist to assess speech and feeding problems A speech therapist to work with the child to improve speech An audiologist (a specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment); to assess and monitor hearing A nurse coordinator to provide ongoing supervision of the child's health A social worker/psychologist to support the family and assess any adjustment problems A geneticist to help parents and adult patients understand the chances of having more children with these conditions The health care team works together to develop a plan of care to meet the individual needs of each patient. Treatment usually begins in infancy and often continues through early adulthood.
system: What is a cleft lip?
output: A cleft lip is a physical split or separation of the two sides of the upper lip and appears as a narrow opening or gap in the skin of the upper lip. This separation often extends beyond the base of the nose and includes the bones of the upper jaw and/or upper gum.
system: Who treats children with cleft lip and/or palate?
output: Members of a cleft lip and palate team typically include: Plastic surgeon to evaluate and perform necessary surgeries on the lip and/or palate An otolaryngologist (an ear, nose, and throat doctor) to evaluate hearing problems and consider treatment options for hearing problems An oral surgeon to reposition segments of the upper jaw when needed, to improve function and appearance and to repair the cleft of the gum An orthodontist to straighten and reposition teeth A dentist to perform routine dental care A prosthodontist to make artificial teeth and dental appliances to improve the appearance and to meet functional requirements for eating and speaking A speech pathologist to assess speech and feeding problems A speech therapist to work with the child to improve speech An audiologist (a specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment); to assess and monitor hearing A nurse coordinator to provide ongoing supervision of the child's health A social worker/psychologist to support the family and assess any adjustment problems A geneticist to help parents and adult patients understand the chances of having more children with these conditions The health care team works together to develop a plan of care to meet the individual needs of each patient.
system: How can eating problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: With a separation or opening in the palate, food and liquids can pass from the mouth back through the nose. Fortunately, specially designed baby bottles and nipples that help keep fluids flowing downward toward the stomach are available. Children with a cleft palate may need to wear a man-made palate to help them eat properly and ensure that they are receiving adequate nutrition until surgical treatment is provided.
system: How can ear infections or hearing loss happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: Children with cleft palate are at increased risk of ear infections since they are more prone to fluid build-up in the middle ear. If left untreated, ear infections can cause hearing loss. To prevent this from happening, children with cleft palate usually need special tubes placed in the eardrums to aid fluid drainage, and their hearing needs to be checked once a year.
system: What does prosthodontic care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: He or she may make a dental bridge to replace missing teeth or make special appliances called "speech bulbs" or "palatal lifts" to help close the nose from the mouth so that speech sounds more normal. The prosthodontist coordinates treatment with the oral or plastic surgeon and with the speech pathologist.
system: Where can a cleft lip and a cleft palate occur?
output: Cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on one or both sides of the mouth. Because the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible to have a cleft lip without a cleft palate, a cleft palate without a cleft lip, or both together.
system: What does orthodontic care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: The purpose of this appointment is to assess facial growth, especially jaw development. After teeth erupt, an orthodontist can further assess a child's short and long-term dental needs. After the permanent teeth erupt, orthodontic treatment can be applied to align the teeth.
system: What causes a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: In most cases, the cause of cleft lip and cleft palate is unknown. These conditions cannot be prevented. Most scientists believe clefts are due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There appears to be a greater chance of clefting in a newborn if a sibling, parent, or relative has had the problem. Another potential cause may be related to a medication a mother may have taken during her pregnancy. Some drugs may cause cleft lip and cleft palate. Among them: anti-seizure/anticonvulsant drugs, acne drugs containing Accutane, and methotrexate, a drug commonly used for treating cancer, arthritis, and psoriasis. Cleft lip and cleft palate may also occur as a result of exposure to viruses or chemicals while the fetus is developing in the womb. In other situations, cleft lip and cleft palate may be part of another medical condition.
system: What is a cleft palate?
output: A cleft palate can involve the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth), and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth).
system: What is the outlook for children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate?
output: Although treatment for a cleft lip and/or cleft palate may extend over several years and require several surgeries depending upon the involvement, most children affected by this condition can achieve normal appearance, speech, and eating.
system: How are cleft lip and cleft palate diagnosed?
output: A cleft palate can involve the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth), and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth). Because the lip and the palate develop separately, it is possible to have a cleft lip without a cleft palate, a cleft palate without a cleft lip, or both together. If the clefting has not been detected in an ultrasound prior to the baby's birth, a physical exam of the mouth, nose, and palate confirms the presence of cleft lip or cleft palate after a child's birth. Sometimes diagnostic testing may be conducted to determine or rule out the presence of other abnormalities.
system: How can dental problems happen from a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: This separation often extends beyond the base of the nose and includes the bones of the upper jaw and/or upper gum. A defect in the alveolus can (1) displace, tip, or rotate permanent teeth, (2) prevent permanent teeth from appearing, and (3) prevent the alveolar ridge from forming. These problems can usually be repaired through oral surgery. However, children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have special problems related to missing, malformed, or malpositioned teeth that require close monitoring.
system: What does the treatment for cleft lip and cleft palate involve?
output: Cleft lip and cleft palate can occur on one or both sides of the mouth. Repair of a cleft palate often requires multiple surgeries over the course of 18 years. The first surgery to repair the palate usually occurs when the baby is between 6 and 12 months old. The initial surgery creates a functional palate, reduces the chances that fluid will develop in the middle ears, and aids in the proper development of the teeth and facial bones. Children with a cleft palate may also need a bone graft when they are about 8 years old to fill in the upper gum line so that it can support permanent teeth and stabilize the upper jaw. About 20% of children with a cleft palate require further surgeries to help improve their speech. Once the permanent teeth grow in, braces are often needed to straighten the teeth. Additional surgeries may be performed to improve the appearance of the lip and nose, close openings between the mouth and nose, help breathing, and stabilize and realign the jaw. Final repairs of the scars left by the initial surgery will probably not be performed until adolescence, when the facial structure is more fully developed.
system: What does early dental care involve for a cleft lip and cleft palate?
output: However, children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have special problems related to missing, malformed, or malpositioned teeth that require close monitoring. Appropriate cleaning with a small, soft-bristled toothbrush should begin as soon as teeth erupt. If a soft children's toothbrush will not adequately clean the teeth because of the modified shape of the mouth and teeth, a toothette may be recommended by your dentist. A toothette is a soft, mouthwash-containing sponge on a handle that's used to swab teeth. Many dentists recommend that the first dental visit be scheduled at about 1 year of age or even earlier if there are special dental problems. Routine dental care can begin around 1 year of age.
system: What is the recommended dental care for children with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate?
output: Due to the number of oral health and medical problems associated with a cleft lip or cleft palate, a team of doctors and other specialists is usually involved in the care of these children. However, children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have special problems related to missing, malformed, or malpositioned teeth that require close monitoring.
system: How are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and left-sided heart failure linked?
output: It's not directly related to COPD. But the two conditions may influence each other. For example, low oxygen in the blood from COPD may put extra strain on your heart, which worsens left-sided heart failure. And too much fluid in your lungs from heart failure can make breathing even harder if you have COPD.
system: How can you tell if it is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure that is causing breathing problems?
output: Your doctor may give you: Physical examination: Listening to your lungs and heart, and looking at the veins in your neck, can help your doctor tell the difference between COPD and heart failure. Chest X-ray: Heart failure may cause fluid in your lungs to be visible on a chest X-ray. With COPD, your lungs are usually clear or may look like they're over-inflated. Brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) test: This hormone is usually at high levels in your blood if you have heart failure, whether or not you also have COPD. Pulmonary function tests: Doctors can use breathing tests to diagnose COPD. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound test of your heart that can evaluate the heart chambers, valves, and pumping strength. Cardiac enzymes: This blood test can help diagnose a heart attack or too much strain on your heart. Every case is different. Some people have severe COPD and only mild heart failure. Others have severe heart failure and only mild COPD. In these cases, the more severe condition is more likely to be the cause of breathing symptoms. If COPD and heart failure are equally severe, doctors must make their best guess as to which condition is causing your symptoms. To make things even more complicated, COPD and heart failure can at times act up at the same time. For example, if you have worsening heart failure symptoms that cause rapid breathing, this can make COPD symptoms worse, as well. If your doctor can't tell which condition causes your shortness of breath, he'll probably treat both together.
system: What are drugs associated with alcohol interactions?
output: Left-sided heart failure is most often caused by high blood pressure or coronary artery disease.
system: What are treatments for severe shortness of breath from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure?
output: If your doctor can't tell which condition causes your shortness of breath, he'll probably treat both together. Treatments for COPD focus on your lungs and your airways, the branching network of tubes inside the lungs. The main treatments for COPD are bronchodilators, which are inhaled medicines that help open the airways. Heart failure treatments curb the workload on your heart and help prevent unhealthy growth of heart muscle. Several types of medicines do this. If you have severe shortness of breath from COPD and heart failure, you may get other treatments, as well: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol), which can improve breathing in people with COPD Antibiotics if any bacterial infection may be part of the problem Supplemental oxygen Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, a form of machine-assisted breathing Mechanical ventilation, or temporary life support, through a breathing tube IV medicines to ease heart strain And, if you have either condition and smoke, quitting should be a top priority for your health. If you have both COPD and heart failure, a team of doctors will probably treat you, including a primary care physician, a cardiologist, and a pulmonologist, who is a doctor specializing in lung conditions.
system: Mixing alcohol and medications can increase the risk of what complications?
output: If you have severe shortness of breath from COPD and heart failure, you may get other treatments, as well: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone ( Solu- Medrol), which can improve breathing in people with COPD Antibiotics if any bacterial infection may be part of the problem Supplemental oxygen Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, a form of machine-assisted breathing Mechanical ventilation, or temporary life support, through a breathing tube IV medicines to ease heart strain And, if you have either condition and smoke, quitting should be a top priority for your health.
system: What is the similarities and differences between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure?
output: Breathing problems happen for different reasons with these conditions. But when you're active, your breath starts coming in before air from your last exhale goes out. That causes shortness of breath. If you have heart failure, your heart doesn't pump blood efficiently. As with COPD, if you have heart failure, you can probably breathe easily when at rest. With activity, blood flow must increase, and your heart must pump harder and faster. If your heart can't keep up, blood âbacks upâ into your lungs. This fluid congestion causes shortness of breath. If you have both COPD and heart failure and find yourself short of breath, it can be hard to tell which condition is causing your breathing problems.
system: What are commonly used drugs associated with serious alcohol interactions?
output: If you have both COPD and heart failure and find yourself short of breath, it can be hard to tell which condition is causing your breathing problems. In these cases, the more severe condition is more likely to be the cause of breathing symptoms.
system: Why are older Americans at special risk of alcohol interactions with medication?
output: Breathing problems happen for different reasons with these conditions. It's not directly related to COPD. Many conditions other than COPD also cause right-sided heart failure.
system: How are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and right-sided heart failure linked?
output: Severe COPD can cause heart failure in your heart's lower right chamber, or ventricle. Many conditions other than COPD also cause right-sided heart failure.
system: Can alcohol alter the effectiveness of medication?
output: Your doctor may give you: Physical examination: Listening to your lungs and heart, and looking at the veins in your neck, can help your doctor tell the difference between COPD and heart failure. In these cases, the more severe condition is more likely to be the cause of breathing symptoms.
system: What is the difference between multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
output: Multifocal motor neuropathy ( MMN) is a disease that affects your body's motor nerves. Doctors often mistake MMN for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. They have similar symptoms, like twitching. Unlike ALS, though, MMN is treatable.
system: What is motor neuropathy (MMN)?
output: Multifocal motor neuropathy ( MMN) is a disease that affects your body's motor nerves. The condition makes it hard for them to send the electrical signals that move your body, which makes your hands and arms feel weak. They'll also twitch and cramp. MMN is not life-threatening, and, in most cases, treatments can make the muscles stronger. The disease can get worse slowly, and after a while, you may have a hard time doing daily tasks, like typing or getting dressed. But for many people, symptoms may be so mild that they don't need treatment at all. Most people are diagnosed with MMN in their 40s and 50s, although adults from ages 20 to 80 can find out they have the disease.