laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Does gender affect who contracts primary progressive multiple sclerosis?
output: Researchers don't know why it happens, but here's what scientists understand about this type: For people with primary progressive MS, there are no attacks followed by later improvement, as in the more common forms of MS. They found: Under age 30, equal numbers of men and women had the condition. In terms of all types of MS, at least twice as many women as men have the condition.
system: What are the gender differences in the people who contract primary progressive multiple sclerosis?
output: In the largest studies done so far, scientists kept tabs on hundreds of men and women with primary progressive MS for decades. They found: Under age 30, equal numbers of men and women had the condition. There were more women than men who got it after age 45. Almost two women for each man were diagnosed with primary progressive MS after age 50 -- still short of the rates in other forms of MS. Why the differences?
system: What are the gender differences in primary progressive multiple sclerosis?
output: In the largest studies done so far, scientists kept tabs on hundreds of men and women with primary progressive MS for decades. They found: Under age 30, equal numbers of men and women had the condition. There were more women than men who got it after age 45. Almost two women for each man were diagnosed with primary progressive MS after age 50 -- still short of the rates in other forms of MS. Why the differences?
system: What is psychosis?
output: You might see, hear, or believe things that aren't real.
system: How can supportive psychotherapy help with psychosis?
output: Supportive psychotherapy helps you learn to live with and manage psychosis.
system: How is psychosis diagnosed?
output: You can see a psychologist, psychiatrist, or a social worker. They'll find out what might have caused your symptoms and look for related conditions. Doctors diagnose mental illnesses after ruling out other things that could be causing psychotic symptoms.
system: How can psychotherapy help with psychosis?
output: Counseling, along with medicines, can also help manage psychosis.
system: How can cognitive enhancement therapy help with psychosis?
output: Cognitive enhancement therapy ( CET) uses computer exercises and group work to help you think and understand better.
system: How can cognitive behavioral therapy help with psychosis?
output: It also helps you figure out whether what you see and hear is real or imagined. This kind of therapy also stresses the importance of antipsychotic medications and sticking with your treatment. Cognitive enhancement therapy ( CET) uses computer exercises and group work to help you think and understand better.
system: Do you need to get treated in a hospital if you have psychosis?
output: You or your family members may notice: A drop in grades or job performance Trouble thinking clearly or concentrating Suspiciousness or unease around others Lack of self-care or hygiene Spending more time alone than usual Stronger emotions than situations call for No emotions at all Signs of early psychosis: You may: Hear, see, or taste things others don't Hang on to unusual beliefs or thoughts no matter what others say Pull away from family and friends Stop taking care of yourself Not be able to think clearly or pay attention Symptoms of a psychotic episode: Usually you'll notice all of the above plus: Hallucinations: Auditory hallucinations: Hearing voices when no one is around Tactile hallucinations: Strange sensations or feelings you can't explain Visual hallucinations: You see people or things that aren't there, or you think the shape of things looks wrong Delusions: Beliefs that aren't in line with your culture and that don't make sense to others, like: Outside forces are in control of your feelings and actions Small events or comments have huge meaning You have special powers, are on a special mission, or actually are a god Doctors don't know exactly what causes psychosis, but some known risk factors include: Genetics: You can have the genes for it, but that doesn't always mean you'll get psychosis. The doctor will check your symptoms, look for causes, and suggest the best treatment for you. Some clinics and programs offer help just for young people.
system: What does it mean if you have psychosis?
output: You might see, hear, or believe things that aren't real. Psychosis is a symptom, not an illness. A mental or physical illness, substance abuse, or extreme stress or trauma can cause it. Psychotic disorders, like schizophrenia, involve psychosis that usually affects you for the first time in the late teen years or early adulthood. Young people are especially likely to get it, but doctors don't know why. Even before what doctors call the first episode of psychosis ( FEP), you may show slight changes in the way you act or think. This is called the prodromal period and could last days, weeks, months, or even years. You or your family members may notice: A drop in grades or job performance Trouble thinking clearly or concentrating Suspiciousness or unease around others Lack of self-care or hygiene Spending more time alone than usual Stronger emotions than situations call for No emotions at all Signs of early psychosis: You may: Hear, see, or taste things others don't Hang on to unusual beliefs or thoughts no matter what others say Pull away from family and friends Stop taking care of yourself Not be able to think clearly or pay attention Symptoms of a psychotic episode: Usually you'll notice all of the above plus: Hallucinations: Auditory hallucinations: Hearing voices when no one is around Tactile hallucinations: Strange sensations or feelings you can't explain Visual hallucinations: You see people or things that aren't there, or you think the shape of things looks wrong Delusions: Beliefs that aren't in line with your culture and that don't make sense to others, like: Outside forces are in control of your feelings and actions Small events or comments have huge meaning You have special powers, are on a special mission, or actually are a god Doctors don't know exactly what causes psychosis, but some known risk factors include: Genetics: You can have the genes for it, but that doesn't always mean you'll get psychosis. You doctor may recommend coordinated specialty care ( CSC).
system: What causes psychosis?
output: Psychosis is a symptom, not an illness. You or your family members may notice: A drop in grades or job performance Trouble thinking clearly or concentrating Suspiciousness or unease around others Lack of self-care or hygiene Spending more time alone than usual Stronger emotions than situations call for No emotions at all Signs of early psychosis: You may: Hear, see, or taste things others don't Hang on to unusual beliefs or thoughts no matter what others say Pull away from family and friends Stop taking care of yourself Not be able to think clearly or pay attention Symptoms of a psychotic episode: Usually you'll notice all of the above plus: Hallucinations: Auditory hallucinations: Hearing voices when no one is around Tactile hallucinations: Strange sensations or feelings you can't explain Visual hallucinations: You see people or things that aren't there, or you think the shape of things looks wrong Delusions: Beliefs that aren't in line with your culture and that don't make sense to others, like: Outside forces are in control of your feelings and actions Small events or comments have huge meaning You have special powers, are on a special mission, or actually are a god Doctors don't know exactly what causes psychosis, but some known risk factors include: Genetics: You can have the genes for it, but that doesn't always mean you'll get psychosis. Drugs: Triggers include some prescription medications and abuse of alcohol or drugs like marijuana, LSD, and amphetamines. Trauma: The death of a loved one, a sexual assault, or war can lead to psychosis.
system: How can family psychoeducation and support help with psychosis?
output: It combines medicine and therapy with social services and work and education support. It helps you bond and improves the way you solve problems together.
system: What is the treatment for psychosis?
output: Even before what doctors call the first episode of psychosis ( FEP), you may show slight changes in the way you act or think. That will help keep the symptoms from affecting your relationships, work, or school. It may also help you avoid more problems down the road. You doctor may recommend coordinated specialty care ( CSC). This is a team approach to treating schizophrenia when the first symptoms appear. It combines medicine and therapy with social services and work and education support. The family is involved as much as possible. What your doctor recommends will depend on the cause of your psychosis. Your doctor will prescribe antipsychotic drugs -- in pills, liquids, or shots -- to ease your symptoms. They'll also suggest you avoid using drugs and alcohol.
system: Can you get overactive bladder symptoms from other conditions?
output: Added pounds are linked to OAB and urine leaks (your doctor will call this urinary incontinence). Try to hold your pee when you have the urge to pee. The main symptoms of OAB can also occur in other conditions: Urinary tract infection Enlarged prostate Bladder cancer Interstitial cystitis, prostatitis If you're living with what seems to be overactive bladder, but don't have an official diagnosis, it's time to see your doctor.
system: What are symptoms of scarlet fever?
output: The namesake red rash usually starts out looking like a bad sunburn. When the rash goes away, the skin may peel around the fingertips, toes, and groin. There may be a pale, white area just around your mouth. " Strawberry" tongue. Other signs of scarlet fever can include: Very red sore throat Fever of 101 F or higher, sometimes with chills Swollen glands in the neck Whitish coating on the tonsils and throat Headache or body aches Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain Difficulty swallowing Because scarlet fever symptoms can be similar to other conditions, always check with your doctor or pediatrician.
system: What does scarlet fever rash look like?
output: The namesake red rash usually starts out looking like a bad sunburn. It typically starts on your neck and face and then spreads to the chest, the back, and the rest of the body. It's raised and looks a little like sandpaper. It can be itchy, and areas of the rash can turn white when you press on them. When the rash goes away, the skin may peel around the fingertips, toes, and groin. In the folds of skin where creases form, the rash forms red lines.
system: How is a small-gauge vitrectomy done for vitreomacular adhesion (VMA)?
output: Small-gauge vitrectomy: Your eye surgeon may choose to use a more recently developed instrument of smaller size to remove the vitreous gel to relieve the pulling on the macula. You get local anesthesia. Because a smaller cutting/suction hand piece is used and the cut is smaller, you don't need any sutures or stitches. Recovery time is quicker. You may also have less discomfort afterward.
system: How do you treat vitreomacular adhesion (VMA)?
output: But if you've noticed changes to your vision, you should see your eye doctor. First, she'll dilate your pupil and look inside your eye. You'll also get a test called optical coherence tomography ( OCT). That shows the back of your eye. She needs to do that to be sure you have VMA and to see if you have any damage inside your eye that needs treatment. OCT can show the jelly inside your eye, called the vitreous. It sticks to your retina if you have VMA. Your test can also show damage to something called your macula. That's the part of your retina that gives you clear, detailed eyesight. If you have that but don't have symptoms, you may start treatment.
system: What is nocturia?
output: Nocturia means you have to get up a lot during the night to go to the bathroom.
system: What mechanical aids treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: These drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder: Darifenacin ( Enablex) Fesoterodine ( Toviaz) Imipramine ( Tofranil) Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Gelnique gel, Oxytrol transdermal patch) Solifenacin ( Vesicare) Tolterodine ( Detrol) Trospium ( Sanctura) Mechanical aids such as: Catheters: Your doctor can put this thin, flexible, hollow tube through your urethra, the tube through which pee leaves your body, and into your bladder to drain urine. Urethral insert: A thin, flexible solid tube in the urethra that blocks the flow of leaking urine. External urethral barrier: A self-adhesive patch you can put over the opening where urine comes out.
system: How does bladder training help treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: Some things you can try: Bladder training aims to let you go longer between your trips to the bathroom. You start by setting a schedule for when you'll pee. Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. Eventually, the time between restroom visits lasts for several hours.
system: How can absorbent products help treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: Absorbent products such as mini-shields that attach to underwear or plastic-backed diapers. These items help you guard against accidents. Most of them are disposable, but you can also buy absorbent cloths that you can wash and reuse.
system: What drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder?
output: These drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder: Darifenacin ( Enablex) Fesoterodine ( Toviaz) Imipramine ( Tofranil) Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Gelnique gel, Oxytrol transdermal patch) Solifenacin ( Vesicare) Tolterodine ( Detrol) Trospium ( Sanctura) Mechanical aids such as: Catheters: Your doctor can put this thin, flexible, hollow tube through your urethra, the tube through which pee leaves your body, and into your bladder to drain urine.
system: Is surgery used to deal with multiple sclerosis?
output: Doctors usually recommend an operation only as a last resort when other treatments haven't worked.
system: How does prompted voiding help treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: Prompted voiding trains a caregiver to remind someone to go to the bathroom. The goal is to have fewer accidents by making the person aware that they need to pee every so often. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
system: How can medications help treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: If behavior changes don't work, your doctor may prescribe medicines to help with bladder control. You might also take them while you keep up your behavior training.
system: Is it important to treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: A bladder problem is more than an inconvenience. If you don't get treatment, it can turn into other health issues, including bladder infections, kidney damage, and hygiene problems. It also can keep you from doing the things you'd normally do and make you feel isolated.
system: What diet changes should I consider to treat bladder control that comes from multiple sclerosis?
output: One way to start is to change the liquid you put in your body every day. Your doctor may recommend that you: Drink no more than 2 quarts of liquids a day Steer clear of drinks with caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and sodas Have no more than one alcoholic drink per day Change your behavior.
system: Which medications help control the bladder issues associated with  multiple sclerosis?
output: If behavior changes don't work, your doctor may prescribe medicines to help with bladder control. You might also take them while you keep up your behavior training. These drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder: Darifenacin ( Enablex) Fesoterodine ( Toviaz) Imipramine ( Tofranil) Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Gelnique gel, Oxytrol transdermal patch) Solifenacin ( Vesicare) Tolterodine ( Detrol) Trospium ( Sanctura) Mechanical aids such as: Catheters: Your doctor can put this thin, flexible, hollow tube through your urethra, the tube through which pee leaves your body, and into your bladder to drain urine.
system: How does bladder training affect bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: Some things you can try: Bladder training aims to let you go longer between your trips to the bathroom. You start by setting a schedule for when you'll pee. Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. Eventually, the time between restroom visits lasts for several hours.
system: How do absorbent products affect bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: Absorbent products such as mini-shields that attach to underwear or plastic-backed diapers. These items help you guard against accidents. Most of them are disposable, but you can also buy absorbent cloths that you can wash and reuse.
system: What are some bladder control treatments for multiple sclerosis?
output: A bladder problem is more than an inconvenience. If you don't get treatment, it can turn into other health issues, including bladder infections, kidney damage, and hygiene problems. It also can keep you from doing the things you'd normally do and make you feel isolated. Talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in when and how often you're going to the bathroom. She might recommend that you see a doctor who specializes in bladder problems, called a urologist. She might also talk to you about some things you can do on your own: Diet changes.
system: What are some bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis (MS)?
output: There are a few versions that affect people with MS: Urinary urgency means you feel the need to pee often and urgently. The small "tickle" and feeling of pressure that help us know it's time to head to the restroom are intense. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control. Sometimes MS will disrupt the nerve signals that direct the movement of urine in your body so that it comes out when you're not ready. Nocturia means you have to get up a lot during the night to go to the bathroom. Urinary hesitancy is when you have trouble starting to pee.
system: Which mechanical aids help treat bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: These drugs help control muscle movements that force urine out of the bladder: Darifenacin ( Enablex) Fesoterodine ( Toviaz) Imipramine ( Tofranil) Oxybutynin ( Ditropan, Gelnique gel, Oxytrol transdermal patch) Solifenacin ( Vesicare) Tolterodine ( Detrol) Trospium ( Sanctura) Mechanical aids such as: Catheters: Your doctor can put this thin, flexible, hollow tube through your urethra, the tube through which pee leaves your body, and into your bladder to drain urine. Urethral insert: A thin, flexible solid tube in the urethra that blocks the flow of leaking urine. External urethral barrier: A self-adhesive patch you can put over the opening where urine comes out.
system: How does surgery help treat bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: Doctors usually recommend an operation only as a last resort when other treatments haven't worked.
system: How does diet affect bladder control issues with multiple sclerosis?
output: One way to start is to change the liquid you put in your body every day. Your doctor may recommend that you: Drink no more than 2 quarts of liquids a day Steer clear of drinks with caffeine, such as coffee, tea, and sodas Have no more than one alcoholic drink per day Change your behavior.
system: How does prompted voiding affect bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: Prompted voiding trains a caregiver to remind someone to go to the bathroom. The goal is to have fewer accidents by making the person aware that they need to pee every so often. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
system: When should I talk to my doctor if I have bladder problems with multiple sclerosis?
output: She might also talk to you about some things you can do on your own: Diet changes. Your doctor can tell you how to do them.
system: How does timed voiding help treat bladder problems that arise from multiple sclerosis?
output: Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. This method doesn't try to teach the person to resist the urge to go. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
system: How do kegel exercises affect bladder control issues associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: Trouble with bladder control is common for people with MS. Talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in when and how often you're going to the bathroom.
system: How does multiple sclerosis (MS) affect bladder control?
output: Trouble with bladder control is common for people with MS. If you don't get treatment, it can turn into other health issues, including bladder infections, kidney damage, and hygiene problems. Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which help with bladder control.
system: How does timed voiding affect bladder control problems associated with multiple sclerosis?
output: Then you train yourself to resist the first urge to go and refrain from going until your scheduled time. This method doesn't try to teach the person to resist the urge to go. People often use timed voiding at the same time.
system: What is apple cider vinegar?
output: Taking apple cider vinegar at full strength could erode the enamel of the teeth and burn the mouth and throat. Throat injury from an apple cider vinegar tablet has also been reported.
system: What are vagal maneuvers?
output: Early beats in the atria speed up your heart rate.
system: How can vagal maneuvers slow your heart rate?
output: Simply put, they affect the vagus nerve, a long nerve that runs from your brain to your belly. It sends signals to the atrioventricular node, a cluster of cells at the bottom of your heart's upper right chamber that helps control your heartbeat. Think of it as an electrical relay station. It takes signals from the sinoatrial node and slows them down before passing them along to the lower chambers. The result: A slower heart rate.
system: What are the risks of the Valsalva maneuver?
output: Valsalva maneuver. It may also be riskier for children. If you sometimes have episodes of tachycardia, talk with your doctor about all your treatment options. But if your doctor suggests you learn one or more vagal maneuvers to slow your heart down, you may be able to cut short the unsettling feeling that comes with a racing heart.
system: What is a carotid sinus massage?
output: Carotid sinus massage: Only a doctor should perform this one: Lie down and stick out your chin. The doctor will put pressure on your carotid sinus, a bundle of nerves surrounding the carotid artery in your neck just below your jaw. You should only do them if your doctor has explained when and how.
system: When is surgery needed for UTIs?
output: It's not likely that you'll need an operation. But you might if your UTI is due to an anatomical problem. Or you could need an operation if a blockage, such as a kidney stone or enlarged prostate, is the cause.