laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What should you expect in an Amsler grid for vitreomacular adhesion?
output: Amsler grid: This examines your central vision. You'll be asked to look at a dot in the middle of a grid. If you have blurred or distorted central vision, the grid will appear fuzzy or misshapen. If it does, that means there's a problem with your macula, a tiny portion of the retina that picks up details. Vitreomacular adhesion can cause swelling or a change in the shape of your macula. All of these can affect your vision.
system: What should you expect in a fluorescein angiogram for vitreomacular adhesion?
output: Fluorescein angiogram: Your eye doctor may want to give you this after a dilated eye exam. It's a more detailed look at the blood vessels in your eyes. You'll be given eye drops to dilate your pupil in this test. You'll put your head on a chin rest so it stays still. Dye that glows green under a fluorescent light will be injected in your arm. A camera takes pictures as the dye travels through the blood vessels in your retina. It shows the doctor any damage there. The test can be done in your eye doctor's office. It can also rule out things like age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. The test is safe, but you may have nausea and a warm feeling when the dye is put in. You should also expect your skin to turn a bit yellow. Your pee may become a darker, orange color for a day or two after the test. Like what happened with the dilated eye exam, your vision will be blurry for hours afterward. You'll need to someone to drive you home.
system: What should you expect in a visual acuity test for vitreomacular adhesion?
output: Visual acuity test: This will happen first. It's the standard eye chart with letters that get smaller as you go down the rows. You'll be asked to read the smallest line of letters you can see with one eye, then the other. This will tell your doctor how much vision you've lost since your last eye exam.
system: What should you expect when testing for vitreomacular adhesion?
output: Vitreomacular adhesion can cause swelling or a change in the shape of your macula. That'll give your doctor a look at your retina, macula, and optic nerve at the back of your eye. VMA can cause both of those.
system: What is the treatment for jellyfish sting?
output: Harmful jellyfish have stingers (nematocysts) capable of piercing the skin. Apply shaving cream or a paste of baking soda or mud to the wound. Shave the area with a razor or knife and then reapply vinegar or alcohol. Eye stings should be irrigated with 1 gallon of fresh water.
system: What are symptoms of jellyfish sting?
output: Harmful jellyfish have stingers (nematocysts) capable of piercing the skin. The progressive effects of a jellyfish sting may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lymph node swelling, abdominal and back pain, fever, chills, and sweating. Severe reactions can cause difficulty breathing, coma, and death. Severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing and intense pain, require immediate medical treatment.
system: What do you need to know about jellyfish sting?
output: Jellyfish are free-swimming, bell-shaped, gelatinous creatures with tentacles that may be more than 3 feet in length. Jellyfish that are harmful to humans are distributed throughout the world. Other creatures with nematocysts include Portuguese man-of-war, sea wasps, anemones, and fire corals. Venoms include various substances, some of which trigger allergic reactions. The most toxic nematocystic animals are found along the Indo- Pacific and Australian waters.
system: What is hiatal hernia?
output: If the hiatus weakens and stretches, part of the stomach can squeeze into the chest cavity, producing a hiatal hernia.
system: What is sliding hiatal hernia?
output: In a sliding hiatal hernia, the junction where the stomach and the esophagus meets slides up into the chest through the hiatus. This is the more common type of hernia. Generally, sliding hiatal hernias pose no threat to a person's health unless he or she develops symptoms of GERD, gastrointestinal reflux disease.
system: What is paraesophageal hernias?
output: Paraesophageal hernias are less common but are more cause for concern. The junction of the esophagus and stomach stays in its normal locations, but part of the stomach squeezes through the hiatus, landing it next to the esophagus. Although you can have this type of hernia without any symptoms, the danger is that the stomach can become "strangled," or have its blood supply shut off.
system: What causes hiatal hernia?
output: If the hiatus weakens and stretches, part of the stomach can squeeze into the chest cavity, producing a hiatal hernia. Most of the time, the cause of a hiatal hernia is not known. Some people develop a hiatal hernia after sustaining an injury to the chest or abdomen; others are born with a predisposition to the condition. Some experts suspect that increased pressure in the abdomen from coughing, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy and delivery, or substantial weight gain may contribute to the development of a hiatal hernia.
system: Where can I find an endocrinologist?
output: An endocrinologist can work in: A medical practice with other endocrinologists A group with different kinds of doctors Hospitals You can search for one on the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists website.
system: How often should I see my endocrinologist if I have diabetes?
output: If you take insulin, you should probably see your diabetes doctor every 3 or 4 months. Otherwise, you can go a little longer between visits, every 4 to 6 months. You may have to go more often when your diabetes isn't under control, you have complications, or you have new symptoms or they get worse.
system: What do endocrinologists do?
output: They cover a lot of ground, diagnosing and treating conditions that affect your: Adrenals, glands that sit on top of your kidneys and help to control things like your blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and sex hormones Bone metabolism, like osteoporosis Cholesterol Hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst Pancreas, which makes insulin and other substances for digestion Parathyroids, small glands in your neck that control the calcium in your blood Pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain that keeps your hormones balanced Reproductive glands (gonads): ovaries in women, testes in men Thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain growth and development Endocrinologists are licensed internal medicine doctors who have passed an additional certification exam.
system: What is a pediatric endocrinologist?
output: They may work with adults or kids. When they specialize in treating children, they're called pediatric endocrinologists.
system: When should someone see an endocrinologist for diabetes?
output: You take a lot of shots or use an insulin pump. Your diabetes has gotten tough to manage, or your treatment isn't working. You have complications from diabetes. You can always ask to go to an endocrinologist, too, even though your doctor doesn't suggest it first. When you see one, you'll still need to visit your primary doctor as well. They'll work together. Your endocrinologist will ask you about how you feel, what you're doing to manage your diabetes, and any trouble you're having.
system: What will the endocrinologist want to know about a diabetes patient?
output: Symptoms Eating differently Working out more or less Been sick lately Started taking any medicines, vitamins, or supplements Chances are they'll want to check your blood pressure and your feet and test your blood glucose, urine, and cholesterol.
system: How are endocrinologists trained?
output: Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They go to college for 4 years, then medical school for 4 more years. Afterward, they work in hospitals and clinics as residents for 3 years to get experience treating people. They'll spend another 2 or 3 years training specifically in endocrinology. The whole process usually takes at least 10 years.
system: How do you become an endocrinologist?
output: Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They go to college for 4 years, then medical school for 4 more years. Afterward, they work in hospitals and clinics as residents for 3 years to get experience treating people. They'll spend another 2 or 3 years training specifically in endocrinology. The whole process usually takes at least 10 years.
system: How can someone find an endocrinologist?
output: Some don't see patients. They may work in universities or medical schools, where they teach medical students and residents or do research. Take your blood glucose journal or logs with you, and let your endocrinologist know what's been going on with you.
system: Who are endocrinologists?
output: They deal with metabolism, or all the biochemical processes that make your body work, including how your body changes food into energy and how it grows. They cover a lot of ground, diagnosing and treating conditions that affect your: Adrenals, glands that sit on top of your kidneys and help to control things like your blood pressure, metabolism, stress response, and sex hormones Bone metabolism, like osteoporosis Cholesterol Hypothalamus, the part of your brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst Pancreas, which makes insulin and other substances for digestion Parathyroids, small glands in your neck that control the calcium in your blood Pituitary, a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain that keeps your hormones balanced Reproductive glands (gonads): ovaries in women, testes in men Thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that controls your metabolism, energy, and brain growth and development Endocrinologists are licensed internal medicine doctors who have passed an additional certification exam.
system: Is maintaining a healthy weight important for a child after an organ transplant?
output: Help your child keep a healthy weight. Children may gain weight after a transplant, just like adults. Since being overweight can pose special risks to kids with transplants, don't ignore it. Talk to your healthcare team about getting on a new meal and exercise plan.
system: How much responsibility should I give my child over their medical care after an organ transplant?
output: As your kids get older, you have to give them more control over their health. Like it or not, your child will take charge of his or her medicine at some point. Letting go of something so important can be scary for any parent. Try to head off problems by talking openly. Think about ways that you can gradually give over some control. Involve your child's health care team in the process. Showing your child that you trust him or her can encourage your child to behave responsibly.
system: How can I keep myself healthy if my child has recently had an organ transplant?
output: Caring for a sick child can be exhausting, frustrating, and frightening. You need to give yourself a break sometimes. If you don't, you'll be too frazzled to help much, anyway. Have a network of friends and family that you can talk to when you need help. Get one of them to take care of your child every once and awhile. Take an afternoon off or a night out. Just a little time away can make a difference.
system: What can I do if my child feels alone after having an organ transplant?
output: Even though thousands of children in the U. S. get transplants every year, your child may feel alone and strange. So help your child meet some other kids in his or her position. For instance, look into special summer camps for kids who have had transplants.
system: What are signs that I should call my doctor if my child recently had an organ transplant?
output: You should teach your older children what side effects and signs of rejection to look out for. But it can be tricky with very young children who can't speak for themselves. In babies, the only outward signs you might see are fussiness and changes in eating. If you have any doubt, err on the side of caution.
system: How can staying positive help my child after an organ transplant?
output: So stay optimistic, both for your own sake and your child's. Remember, children take their cues from adults. If you seem afraid or anxious, your child will, too. Stay organized. So before you run into problems, talk openly with your child about these risks.
system: How can honesty help my child cope with an organ transplant?
output: She or he will be frightened if no one explains what's happening. Talk about why a transplant was needed and explain what the medicines do. As your child gets older, go into more detail. But unless his doctor has a problem with it, think again.
system: How can I stay organized after my child's organ transplant?
output: You have to learn the names of a dizzying number of medications and keep your child on a complicated dosing schedule. Schedule and keep regular checkups. Have a network of friends and family that you can talk to when you need help.
system: How can I help my child return to school after an organ transplant?
output: As your child gets older, go into more detail. Going back to school after an organ transplant can be tough. Your child may have been away for a long time. So be there for your child. Work with your transplant team. Talk to your child's teacher. Encourage your child to reach out to friends. Talking about the experience can help a lot.
system: What happens if you do have a seizure during labor?
output: Your doctor may give you IV medication to stop the seizure. If that doesn't work, you may have to have a caesarean section. Although most women with epilepsy have normal vaginal deliveries, they do have a higher rate of C-sections than other women. Sometimes, anticonvulsant drugs can also reduce the ability of the muscles of your uterus to contract. If this happens, your labor might not progress as well and a C-section may be your best option.
system: How can epilepsy affect your fertility?
output: Before you try to conceive, you should talk to your neurologist and your obstetrician. Most doctors recommend that women with epilepsy be cared for by a high-risk obstetrician during their pregnancy. Both will want to monitor you closely throughout.
system: What can help decrease the chance of birth defects if you have epilepsy?
output: Although the link between antiseizure medications and birth defects is not clear, your doctor may recommend that you take 4 mg per day of folic acid supplements one to three months before trying to get pregnant and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy.
system: What should a female with elipesy know about the possibility of pregnancy?
output: Fortunately, most women with epilepsy give birth to normal, healthy babies, if you take precautions, your chance of having a healthy child is greater than 90%. There are increased risks. But working closely with your doctor can help minimize those risks. Before you try to conceive, you should talk to your neurologist and your obstetrician. Most doctors recommend that women with epilepsy be cared for by a high-risk obstetrician during their pregnancy. Both will want to monitor you closely throughout.
system: Does having epilepsy lower a woman's chance of getting pregnant?
output: Their fertility rate is between 25% and 33% lower than average. Here are some possible reasons: Women with epilepsy have higher rates of some conditions that can cause infertility. Women with epilepsy are more likely to have irregular menstrual cycles, which can make it more difficult to get pregnant. Women with epilepsy are also more likely to have menstrual cycles that do not produce an egg. Some antiseizure drugs may affect the hormone levels in your ovaries, which can affect reproductive functioning. Women with epilepsy are more likely to have abnormalities in hormones involved in pregnancy.
system: Do women with epilepsy need to take folic acid while pregnant?
output: There are increased risks. Unfortunately, some of the most common drugs for controlling seizures -- phenytoin ( Dilantin) and valproate, valproic acid ( Depakote, Depakene) -- may be associated with a higher risk of having a child with birth defects, especially neural tube defects like spina bifida, because they reduce concentrations of certain forms of folate in the blood. Although the link between antiseizure medications and birth defects is not clear, your doctor may recommend that you take 4 mg per day of folic acid supplements one to three months before trying to get pregnant and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy.
system: Could I have an epilectic seizure during labor and delivery?
output: Although the link between antiseizure medications and birth defects is not clear, your doctor may recommend that you take 4 mg per day of folic acid supplements one to three months before trying to get pregnant and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. As your pregnancy progresses, your metabolism changes, leading to lower levels of antiseizure medication in your body. That's why your doctor will be monitoring the levels of medication in your blood throughout your pregnancy, and might increase the dosage if it's getting too low. You will also be in pain and breathing hard, which can increase the chance of a seizure. This doesn't mean that seizures are common during labor and delivery, but they are a possibility.
system: What causes post-concussion syndrome?
output: In general, post-concussion syndrome follows the occurrence of an injury or trauma to the head. Not all people who suffer mild traumatic head injury experience post-concussion syndrome. This syndrome may be worse in people who have had previous concussions or head trauma. It may also be more severe in those who have early symptoms of headache after injury, or who have mental changes such as amnesia, fogginess or fatigue. Other risk factors include younger age and prior history of headaches. Women and older patients appear to be more susceptible to the development of post-concussion symptoms.
system: What are the symptoms of post-concussion syndrome?
output: Symptoms of post-concussion syndrome are often vague and non-specific. Commonly reported symptoms include: Headache Dizziness Sleep problems Psychological symptoms such as depressed mood, irritability, and anxiety Cognitive problems involving memory, concentration, and thinking Such symptoms can affect day-to-day life, and inhibit the ability to perform in situations like work.
system: How is post-concussion syndrome treated?
output: Most people with post-concussion syndrome are able to recover with rest and by minimizing stress. Most health care providers will also treat symptoms of post-concussion syndrome. For example, migraine or pain medications may be prescribed for those with headache. A specialist such as a neurologist and/or psychiatrist may also be involved to treat mental health symptoms associated with post-concussion syndrome. Antidepressants and psychotherapy may be recommended.
system: What is typhoid fever like at a glance?
output: Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria. Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made when Salmonella bacteria are detected with stool, urine, or blood cultures. Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics. Typhoid fever symptoms are poor appetite, headaches, generalized aches and pains, fever, and lethargy. Approximately 3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness.
system: Is there a vaccine for typhoid fever?
output: For those traveling to high-risk areas, vaccines are now available.
system: What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?
output: About 3%-5% of people become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness. Symptoms include: Poor appetite Headaches Generalized aches and pains Fever as high as 104 degrees Farenheit Lethargy Diarrhea Chest congestion develops in many people, and abdominal pain and discomfort are common. The fever becomes constant. Improvement occurs in the third and fourth week in those without complications. About 10% of people have recurrent symptoms after feeling better for one to two weeks. Relapses are actually more common in individuals treated with antibiotics.
system: How is typhoid fever treated?
output: Prior to the use of antibiotics, the fatality rate was 20%. Death occurred from overwhelming infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal perforation. With antibiotics and supportive care, mortality has been reduced to 1%-2%. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, there is usually improvement within one to two days and recovery within seven to 10 days. Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol was the original drug of choice for many years. Because of rare serious side effects, chloramphenicol has been replaced by other effective antibiotics. The choice of antibiotics is guided by identifying the geographic region where the infection was contracted (certain strains from South America show a significant resistance to some antibiotics.) If relapses occur, patients are retreated with antibiotics. Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.
system: What is typhoid fever?
output: It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness. The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human carrier and are then spread to other people in the area. The incidence of typhoid fever in the United States has markedly decreased since the early 1900s, when tens of thousands of cases were reported in the U. S. Today, less than 400 cases are reported annually in the United States, mostly in people who have recently traveled to Mexico and South America. This improvement is the result of better environmental sanitation. India, Pakistan, and Egypt are also known as high-risk areas for developing this disease. Worldwide, typhoid fever affects more than 21 million people annually, with about 200,000 people dying from the disease. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria.
system: Is smoking during pregnancy bad?
output: These conditions have been linked to secondhand smoke exposure in children: Sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS) More respiratory infections (such as bronchitis and pneumonia) More severe and frequent asthma attacks Ear infections Chronic cough Smoking during pregnancy is especially dangerous to the developing baby. It's tied to premature delivery, low birth weight, SIDS, limited mental ability, trouble with learning, and ADHD.
system: What are the dangers of secondhand smoke for children?
output: Kids are particularly at risk for the effects of secondhand smoke because their bodies are still growing and they breathe at a faster rate than adults. These conditions have been linked to secondhand smoke exposure in children: Sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS) More respiratory infections (such as bronchitis and pneumonia) More severe and frequent asthma attacks Ear infections Chronic cough Smoking during pregnancy is especially dangerous to the developing baby.
system: Is being exposed to secondhand smoke bad for you?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Being around tobacco smoke is bad for you, even if it's someone else's smoke. When someone smokes a cigarette, most of the smoke doesn't go into their lungs. It goes into the air, where anyone nearby can breathe it. Exposure to secondhand smoke raises the risk -- by as much as 30 percent -- that others will get lung cancer and many other types of cancer, it can lead to emphysema, and it is bad for your heart. Smoke makes your blood stickier, raises your "bad" LDL cholesterol, and damages the lining of your blood vessels. Eventually, these changes can make you more likely to have a heart attack or stroke.