laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What happens in Tommy John surgery?
output: Tommy John surgery is most commonly recommended for athletes who: Don't respond to non-surgical treatments Want to resume strenuous overhead or throwing activities During Tommy John surgery, a tendon is taken from someplace in the patient's body, such as his or her: wrist forearm toe hamstring (thigh) hip knee foot ( Achilles tendon) Sometimes, surgeons use a tendon donated from the body of someone who has died. Surgeons drill tunnels in the ulna and humerus. The tendon (called a "graft") is passed through the tunnels. It is then woven into a figure-eight pattern to reconstruct the ligament. To give the graft added strength, any remnants of the original ligament are attached to the tendon.
system: What are symptoms of an ulnar collateral ligament injury?
output: These sports include: javelin throw tennis gymnastics soccer softball football wrestling cheerleading Symptoms associated with a UCL injury include: Pain on the inside of the elbow A sense of looseness or instability in the elbow Irritation of the "funny bone" (ulnar nerve): This is felt as tingling or numbness in the small finger and ring finger. Decreased ability to throw a baseball or other object Only rarely do UCL injuries interfere with non-throwing activities, such as: activities of daily living exercising lifting weights batting in baseball running Sometimes, a doctor can diagnose a UCL injury through just a history and physical examination.
system: Who are candidates for Tommy John surgery?
output: Tommy John surgery is most commonly recommended for athletes who: Don't respond to non-surgical treatments Want to resume strenuous overhead or throwing activities During Tommy John surgery, a tendon is taken from someplace in the patient's body, such as his or her: wrist forearm toe hamstring (thigh) hip knee foot ( Achilles tendon) Sometimes, surgeons use a tendon donated from the body of someone who has died.
system: How are ulnar collateral ligament injuries diagnosed?
output: Decreased ability to throw a baseball or other object Only rarely do UCL injuries interfere with non-throwing activities, such as: activities of daily living exercising lifting weights batting in baseball running Sometimes, a doctor can diagnose a UCL injury through just a history and physical examination. Diagnostic tests may include: X-rays MRI MRI after gadolinium dye has been injected into the elbow Because such tests are not 100% accurate, however, it can be difficult to diagnose a UCL injury.
system: What is Tommy John surgery?
output: It's most commonly done on college and pro athletes, especially baseball pitchers. But it's sometimes done on younger people as well. The surgery is named after former Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Tommy John. In 1974, he underwent the first surgery of this type. During Tommy John surgery, a surgeon replaces the injured UCL with a tendon taken from somewhere else in the patient's body.
system: How do ulnar collateral ligament injuries happen?
output: But throwers have the highest risk. That's because throwing motions that twist and bend the elbow put extreme stress on the ligament. Over time, the UCL can develop tiny or large tears. The ligament stretches and lengthens to the point where it can't hold the bones tightly enough during throwing activities. Complications can occur in anywhere from 5% to 20% of patients, depending on the technique that is used.
system: What tests are used to diagnose a cervicogenic headache?
output: Computerized tomography ( CT) scan: Several X-rays are taken from different angles and put together to show more information than is on a single X-ray. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) scan: Powerful magnets and radio waves are used to make detailed images of your head, neck, and spine.
system: What will the doctor do to diagnose a cervicogenic headache?
output: He also may suggest a "nerve block." This is a shot done by a specialist that puts numbing medicine into certain nerves in the back of your head. If the pain goes away with the nerve block, it means your headache is probably caused by a problem with nerves in your neck. Nerve block is also one way to treat CH. Your doctor also may have you move your head and neck a certain way to see what's painful for you. He may press on certain areas of your neck to see if that causes a headache.
system: When do you need emergency medical care for a cervicogenic headache?
output: Get emergency medical care if the headache comes on all of a sudden and is very painful or if you start to feel dizzy.
system: What should you tell your doctor when diagnosing a cervicogenic headache?
output: Be sure to tell him if: The headache gets worse over time You also have fever or a rash You hit or hurt your head These might be signs of another health problem that needs attention.
system: Where can a cervicogenic headache come from?
output: CH can come from problems with the bones in your neck (vertebrae), joints, or neck muscles that happen over time. For example, people in certain jobs, like hair stylists, carpenters, and truck drivers, can get CH from the way they hold their heads when they work. Sometimes CH happens in people who hold their heads out in front of their bodies. That's called "forward head motion," and it puts extra weight on your neck and upper back. It also can come from a fall, sports injury, whiplash, or arthritis. Or the nerves in your neck might be compressed (squeezed). You also can get cervicogenic headaches from a tumor or a fracture (small break) in your upper spine or neck.
system: When should a person with shoulder and neck pain seek medical care?
output: See a doctor or go to a hospital emergency room if: Pain is from a severe blow or injury Neck pain radiates down the arms and legs Headaches, numbness, tingling, or weakness occur with pain The person has a stiff neck with fever, vomiting, and sensitivity to light Apply dry or moist heat.
system: What OTC meds can help ease shoulder and neck pain?
output: Give pain medication such as acetaminophen ( Tylenol), ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), or Naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn).
system: When are some tests for shoulder and neck pain?
output: The person may need an X-ray or CT scan depending on the symptoms or an MRI to determine whether the person has a herniated disc or other nerve compression.
system: How should people with shoulder and neck pain rest?
output: The affected area should not be used for a day or two. Normal activities should be gradually resumed.
system: How can people with shoulder and neck pain reduce swelling?
output: If the area is inflamed, apply ice for 20 minutes 4 to 8 times a day.
system: How can you select the right treatment for acoustic neuroma?
output: Selecting the right treatment depends on a number of factors, including: Size of the tumor Whether the tumor is growing Your age Other medical conditions you may have Severity of your symptoms and their impact on your life
system: How is radiation therapy for acoustic neuroma delivered?
output: Radiation therapy for this condition is usually delivered in one of two ways: Single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery ( SRS), in which many hundreds of small beams of radiation are aimed at the tumor in a single session. Multi-session fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy ( FRS), which delivers smaller doses of radiation daily, generally over several weeks. Early studies suggest multi-session therapy may preserve hearing better than SRS. Both of these are outpatient procedures, which means they don't require a hospital stay. They work by causing tumor cells to die. The tumor's growth may slow or stop or it may even shrink, but radiation doesn't completely remove the tumor. Other types of radiation therapy have also been used. Your doctor will explain your options to you.
system: How does observation help treat acoustic neuroma?
output: There are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma: Observation Surgery Radiation therapy Observation is also called watchful waiting. Because acoustic neuromas are not cancerous and grow slowly, immediate treatment may not be necessary. Often doctors monitor the tumor with periodic MRI scans and will suggest other treatment if the tumor grows a lot or causes serious symptoms.
system: When is radiation therapy recommended for acoustic neuroma?
output: Radiation therapy is recommended in some cases for acoustic neuromas. State-of-the-art delivery techniques make it possible to send high doses of radiation to the tumor while limiting expose and damage to surrounding tissue.
system: What causes acoustic neuroma?
output: NF2 is an inherited disorder characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors in the nervous system. Acoustic neuromas are the most common of these tumors and often occur in both ears by age 30. NF2 is a rare disorder. It accounts for only 5% of acoustic neuromas. This means the vast majority are the sporadic form. Doctors aren't certain what causes the sporadic form. One known risk factor for acoustic neuroma is exposure to high doses of radiation, especially to the head and neck.
system: What are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma?
output: There are three main courses of treatment for acoustic neuroma: Observation Surgery Radiation therapy Observation is also called watchful waiting.
system: What are other symptoms of acoustic neuroma?
output: Other symptoms, which may occur over time, include: Problems with balance Vertigo (feeling like the world is spinning) Facial numbness and tingling, which may be constant or come and go Facial weakness Taste changes Difficulty swallowing and hoarseness Headaches Clumsiness or unsteadiness Confusion It's important to see your doctor if you experience these symptoms. Symptoms like clumsiness and mental confusion can signal a serious problem that requires urgent treatment.
system: How does an acoustic neuroma develop?
output: Acoustic neuromas -- sometimes called vestibular schwannomas or neurilemmoma -- usually grow slowly over a period of years. Although they do not actually invade the brain, they can push on it as they grow. Larger tumors can press on nearby cranial nerves that control the muscles of facial expression and sensation. If tumors become large enough to press on the brain stem or cerebellum, they can be deadly.
system: How are endoscopic resections used to treat acoustic neuroma?
output: The downside of this technique is that it results in permanent hearing loss. Using this approach may enable surgeons to preserve a patient's hearing. Radiation therapy is recommended in some cases for acoustic neuromas.
system: What are the early symptoms of acoustic neuroma?
output: Many people attribute the symptoms to normal changes of aging, so it may be a while before the condition is diagnosed. The first symptom is usually a gradual loss of hearing in one ear, often accompanied by ringing in the ear (tinnitus) or a feeling of fullness in the ear. Less commonly, acoustic neuromas may cause sudden hearing loss. There are three main surgical approaches for removing an acoustic neuroma: Translabyrinthine, which involves making an incision behind the ear and removing the bone behind the ear and some of the middle ear.
system: What are the surgical approaches for treating acoustic neuroma?
output: An acoustic neuroma is a noncancerous growth that develops on the eighth cranial nerve. The downside of this technique is that it results in permanent hearing loss. Retrosigmoid/sub-occipital, which involves exposing the back of the tumor by opening the skull near the back of the head. This approach can be used for removing tumors of any size and offers the possibility of preserving hearing. Middle fossa, which involves removing a small piece of bone above the ear canal to access and remove small tumors confined to the internal auditory canal, the narrow passageway from the brain to the middle and inner ear. Using this approach may enable surgeons to preserve a patient's hearing. The tumor's growth may slow or stop or it may even shrink, but radiation doesn't completely remove the tumor.
system: What is an acoustic neuroma?
output: Also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, it connects the inner ear with the brain and has two different parts. One part is involved in transmitting sound; the other helps send balance information from the inner ear to the brain. The upside of this approach is that it allows the surgeon to see an important cranial nerve (the facial nerve) clearly before removing the tumor.
system: What side effects could I have from calcium channel blockers for heart failure?
output: Side effects of calcium channel blockers include: Drowsiness Increased appetite Swelling Contact your doctor if these side effects are persistent or severe.
system: How do calcium channel blockers treat heart failure?
output: As a result, calcium channel blockers relax blood vessels and increase the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart, while reducing its workload. Calcium channel blockers may be used to treat heart failure caused by high blood pressure when other medications to lower blood pressure do not work.
system: When should you call the doctor about the side effects of taking calcium channel blockers for heart failure?
output: Weight gain Breathing difficulty Coughing or wheezing Irregular or slow heartbeat Skin rash When taking calcium channel blockers: Ask your doctor if you need to avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking your calcium channel blocker.
system: How should I take calcium channel blockers?
output: Calcium channel blockers include: Norvasc Plendil Cardizem Covera Isoptin Calcium channel blockers should be taken with food or milk. Follow the medication label directions. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take it will depend on the type of medication prescribed and on your condition.
system: What are examples of calcium channel blockers?
output: Calcium channel blockers include: Norvasc Plendil Cardizem Covera Isoptin Calcium channel blockers should be taken with food or milk.
system: When should you call your doctor right away about side effects of calcium channel blockers?
output: If you have any of the following side effects, contact your doctor right away. Weight gain Breathing difficulty Coughing or wheezing Irregular or slow heartbeat Skin rash When taking calcium channel blockers: Ask your doctor if you need to avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking your calcium channel blocker.
system: How should I take calcium channel blockers for heart failure?
output: Calcium channel blockers include: Norvasc Plendil Cardizem Covera Isoptin Calcium channel blockers should be taken with food or milk. Follow the medication label directions. The number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and how long you need to take it will depend on the type of medication prescribed and on your condition.
system: What are other guidelines for taking calcium channel blockers for heart failure?
output: While taking calcium channel blockers, have your blood pressure checked regularly, as advised by your doctor. Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so that your response to the drug can be monitored. While taking this medication, your doctor may tell you to take and record your pulse daily. Your provider will tell you how rapid your pulse should be. If your pulse is slower than advised, contact your doctor about taking your calcium channel blocker that day.
system: How are calcium channel blockers used for heart failure?
output: Calcium channel blockers are prescribed to treat angina (chest pain) and high blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers generally should not be used if you have heart failure due to systolic dysfunction.
system: What does liraglutide (Victoza) do?
output: What it does: Like the other GLP-1 drugs, liraglutide cues your pancreas to release insulin. This moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes. This substance prompts your liver to release stored sugar. The drug also slows digestion.
system: What does albiglutide (Tanzeum) do?
output: What it does: After you eat, albiglutide helps your pancreas release insulin, which moves blood sugar (glucose) into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes. This substance spurs your liver to release stored sugar. The drug also slows down digestion.
system: What does exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta) do?
output: What it does: Like other GLP-1 drugs, exenatide tells your pancreas to release insulin, which moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much glucagon your body makes. This hormone prompts your liver to release stored sugar. The drug slows digestion, too.
system: What is pramlintide (Symlin)?
output: What it is: It's a man-made version of a hormone called amylin, which your pancreas makes along with insulin when your blood sugar levels rise.
system: What does dulaglutide (Trulicity) do?
output: What it does: Like other GLP-1 drugs, dulaglutide prompts your pancreas to release insulin, which moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes, since glucagon normally spurs your liver to release stored sugar. The drug slows digestion, too.
system: Who can take albiglutide (Tanzeum)?
output: Who can take it: Adults who have type 2 diabetes and haven't had success with other treatment. If you're planning to get pregnant, talk with your doctor, since researchers haven't studied albiglutide in pregnant women.
system: What are side effects of liraglutide (Victoza)?
output: Side effects: The most common ones include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), which may be severe, is another side effect. All GLP-1 drugs, including liraglutide, have a boxed warning noting that in animal studies, this type of drug has been linked to thyroid cancer in some rats and mice. Experts don't know whether it has the same effect in people. It's possible to have an allergic reaction to liraglutide, or to get low blood sugar while you're taking it. If you get dehydrated from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, that could lead to kidney failure.
system: What is liraglutide (Victoza)?
output: It helps your body release more insulin. This helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells.
system: What is albiglutide (Tanzeum)?
output: Other drugs include: What it is: It's a man-made version of a hormone called GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). Your intestines normally release this substance when you eat. It helps control your blood sugar.
system: What is dulaglutide (Trulicity)?
output: It helps your body release more insulin and move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells.
system: Who can take liraglutide (Victoza)?
output: Who can take it: Adults who have type 2 diabetes but haven't had results with other treatment. You take it in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea drug. If you're planning to get pregnant, talk with your doctor. Liraglutide hasn't been studied in pregnant women.
system: What are the side effects of pramlintide (Symlin)?
output: Side effects: Nausea is the most common one. Starting this drug at a low dose and increasing it slowly can help fight the nausea. Other side effects include less appetite, vomiting, stomach pain, tiredness, dizziness, or indigestion. The drug can also cause low blood sugar if you don't adjust the amount of insulin you're taking.
system: Who can take exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)?
output: Who can take it: Adults with type 2 diabetes for whom other treatment hasn't worked. If you think you might get pregnant, talk to your doctor. Researchers haven't studied this drug in pregnant women.
system: What does pramlintide (Symlin) do?
output: What it does: You take pramlintide with insulin before a meal. The two drugs work together to lower your blood sugar. Pramlintide also helps you digest food more slowly. This puts less sugar into your bloodstream. In addition to controlling your A1 C levels, pramlintide helps lessen your appetite, so you eat less.
system: How does liraglutide (Victoza)  treat my diabetes?
output: What it does: Like the other GLP-1 drugs, liraglutide cues your pancreas to release insulin. This moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes. This substance prompts your liver to release stored sugar. The drug also slows digestion.
system: How does pramlintide (Symlin) treat my diabetes?
output: What it does: You take pramlintide with insulin before a meal. The two drugs work together to lower your blood sugar. Pramlintide also helps you digest food more slowly. This puts less sugar into your bloodstream. In addition to controlling your A1 C levels, pramlintide helps lessen your appetite, so you eat less.
system: Is exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta) medication for diabetes?
output: What it is: Exenatide was the first GLP-1 drug approved by the FDA. Byetta came first. You take it as a shot twice daily. Bydureon is the newer, extended-release version, which you inject once a week. You can't take both drugs.
system: Can I take liraglutide (Victoza)  to treat my diabetes?
output: Who can take it: Adults who have type 2 diabetes but haven't had results with other treatment. You take it in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea drug. If you're planning to get pregnant, talk with your doctor. Liraglutide hasn't been studied in pregnant women.
system: Is pramlintide (Symlin) medication to treat my diabetes?
output: What it is: It's a man-made version of a hormone called amylin, which your pancreas makes along with insulin when your blood sugar levels rise.
system: How does dulaglutide (Trulicity) treat my diabetes?
output: What it does: Like other GLP-1 drugs, dulaglutide prompts your pancreas to release insulin, which moves glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells. It also limits how much of the hormone glucagon your body makes, since glucagon normally spurs your liver to release stored sugar. The drug slows digestion, too.
system: What are the side effects of dulaglutide (Trulicity) when treating my diabetes?
output: Side effects: The most common ones include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, belly pain, and less appetite. All GLP-1 drugs, including dulaglutide, have a boxed warning noting that in animal studies, this type of drug has been linked to thyroid cancer in some rats and mice. Experts don't know whether it has the same effect in people.
system: What are the side effects of liraglutide (Victoza) when treating my diabetes?
output: Side effects: The most common ones include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), which may be severe, is another side effect. All GLP-1 drugs, including liraglutide, have a boxed warning noting that in animal studies, this type of drug has been linked to thyroid cancer in some rats and mice. Experts don't know whether it has the same effect in people. It's possible to have an allergic reaction to liraglutide, or to get low blood sugar while you're taking it. If you get dehydrated from nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, that could lead to kidney failure.
system: What are the side effects of pramlintide (Symlin) when treating my diabetes?
output: Side effects: Nausea is the most common one. Starting this drug at a low dose and increasing it slowly can help fight the nausea. Other side effects include less appetite, vomiting, stomach pain, tiredness, dizziness, or indigestion. The drug can also cause low blood sugar if you don't adjust the amount of insulin you're taking.
system: Who can take dulaglutide (Trulicity)?
output: You take it in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea drug. Who can take it: Adults with type 2 diabetes who have not had success with other diabetes treatment. If you're planning to get pregnant, tell your doctor, since researchers haven't studied this drug in pregnant women.
system: Who can take pramlintide (Symlin)?
output: Who can take it: It's approved for people with type 1 diabetes who are taking mealtime insulin. If you're planning to get pregnant, tell your doctor, since researchers haven't studied this drug in pregnant women.