laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What should you know about seizures in children?
output: Here is a simplified explanation: Your brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurons, which communicate with one another through tiny electrical impulses. A seizure occurs when a large number of the cells send out an electrical charge at the same time. This abnormal and intense wave of electricity overwhelms the brain and results in a seizure, which can cause muscle spasms, a loss of consciousness, strange behavior, or other symptoms. Anyone can have a seizure under certain circumstances. For instance, a fever, lack of oxygen, head trauma, or illness could bring on a seizure. People are diagnosed with epilepsy when they have seizures that occur more than once without such a specific cause. In most cases -- about seven out of 10 -- the cause of the seizures can't be identified. This type of seizure is called "idiopathic" or "cryptogenic," meaning that we don't know what causes them. The problem may be with an uncontrolled firing of neurons in the brain that triggers a seizure.
system: What should you know about diagnosing seizures in children?
output: Nobody misses a grand mal (generalized tonic-clonic) seizure," says William R. Turk, MD, chief of the Neurology Division at the Nemours Children's Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. " You can't help but notice when a person falls to the ground, shakes, and sleeps for three hours." But absence or staring seizures may go unnoticed for years. Turk says you shouldn't worry if your child gazes open-mouthed at cartoons on TV, or stares out the window in the car. Most kids who appear to be daydreaming really are just daydreaming. Instead, watch for spells that come at inappropriate times, such as when your child is in the middle of speaking or doing something, and suddenly stops. Other kinds of seizures, such as simple or complex partial seizures, can be mistaken for different conditions, such as migraines, psychological illness, or even drug or alcohol intoxication. Medical tests are an important part of diagnosing seizures. Your child's doctor will certainly do a physical exam and blood tests. The doctor may also order an EEG to check the electrical activity in the brain, or request a brain scan such as an MRI with a specific epilepsy protocol.
system: What are the long-term effects of seizures on the brain?
output: In the past, most scientists thought that seizures did not cause any damage to the brain, attributing brain damage in an individual to an underlying illness. Now, however, some doubts are beginning to emerge. Solomon L. Moshe, MD, director of Clinical Neurophysiology and Child Neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, is researching the subject and remains cautious. " I don't think it's good to say one way or another whether seizures do long-term damage," he says. " I think it all depends on the individual case." Moshe notes that the brains of children are very flexible. They are perhaps the least likely people with epilepsy to suffer any brain damage from a seizure.
system: What are some dangerous seizures in children?
output: Status epilepticus is more common among people with epilepsy, but about one-third of the people who develop the condition have never had a seizure before. The risks of status epilepticus increase the longer the seizure goes on, which is why you should always get emergency medical help if a seizure lasts more than five minutes. You may also hear about a condition called Sudden Unexplained Death, in which a person dies for no known reason. It can happen to anyone, but it's more likely to happen in a person with epilepsy. The causes aren't known, but parents of children with epilepsy should know that it's a very rare occurrence. Controlling seizures, especially those that occur in sleep, is the most effective plan for helping to prevent this tragedy from occurring.
system: How are seizures in children diagnosed?
output: Diagnosing a seizure can be tricky. Seizures are over so quickly that your doctor probably will never see your child having one. The first thing a doctor needs to do is rule out other conditions, such as nonepileptic seizures. These may resemble seizures, but are often caused by other factors such as drops in blood sugar or pressure, changes in heart rhythm, or emotional stress.
system: What research is being done on seizures in children?
output: The research into the genetics of seizures is helping experts discover the particular ways different types of seizures occur. Eventually, this may lead to tailored treatments for each type of seizure that causes epilepsy.
system: What can help to diagnose seizures in children?
output: The research into the genetics of seizures is helping experts discover the particular ways different types of seizures occur. Seizures are over so quickly that your doctor probably will never see your child having one. Also, you may want to keep a video camera handy so that you can tape your child during a seizure. This may sound like an insensitive suggestion, but a video can help the doctor enormously in making an accurate diagnosis. The causes aren't known, but parents of children with epilepsy should know that it's a very rare occurrence.
system: What are the risks of seizures in children?
output: Simple partial seizures, in which a child may have a sudden, overwhelming sense of terror, are especially frightening. One of the problems with complex partial seizures, for instance, is that people have no control of their actions. They may wind up doing inappropriate or bizarre things that upset people around them. It's also possible for children to injure themselves during a seizure if they fall to the ground or hit other things around them. But the seizures themselves are usually not harmful. Although the majority of seizures aren't dangerous and don't require immediate medical attention, one kind does.
system: How do I know if I am eligible to be covered for refractive or laser eye surgery?
output: Eye surgery when a patient is not only unable to wear glasses due to physical limitation (such as an allergy or deformity), but cannot wear contacts due to physical limitation (lens intolerance) Check with your insurance company to determine if you are enrolled in a plan that provides benefits. You may have to cover the costs as an out-of-pocket expense or with your flexible spending account or health savings account.
system: What is recommended for an accurate diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults?
output: In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, an adult must have persistent, current symptoms that date to childhood. ADHD symptoms continue as problems into adulthood for up to half of children with ADHD. For an accurate diagnosis, the following are recommended: A history of the adult's behavior as a child An interview with the adult's life partner, parent, close friend, or other close associate A thorough physical exam that may include neurological testing Psychological testing
system: How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in children?
output: The diagnosis involves gathering information from several sources, including schools, caregivers, and parents. The health care provider will consider how a child's behavior compares with that of other children the same age, and he or she may use standardized rating scales to document these behaviors.
system: How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in adults?
output: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult. Sometimes, an adult will recognize the symptoms of ADHD in himself or herself when a son or daughter is diagnosed. Other times, they will seek professional help for themselves and find that their depression, anxiety, or other symptoms are related to ADHD.
system: What are the symptoms of ADHD in children?
output: Some symptoms that suggest ADHD in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings.
system: What problems may affect the lives of adults with ADHD?
output: In addition to symptoms of inattention and/or impulsiveness, adults with ADHD may have other problems, including: Chronic lateness and forgetfulness Anxiety Poor organizational skills Low self-esteem Employment problems Short temper Difficulty finishing a task Unthinking and immediate response; difficulty controlling behavior Restlessness If these difficulties are not managed appropriately, they can cause emotional, social, occupational and academic problems in adults.
system: What tests are used to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
output: Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings. Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam. In addition, the health care provider should take a complete medical history to screen for other conditions that may affect a child's behavior.
system: How is ADHD diagnosed in adults?
output: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult. Sometimes, an adult will recognize the symptoms of ADHD in himself or herself when a son or daughter is diagnosed. Other times, they will seek professional help for themselves and find that their depression, anxiety, or other symptoms are related to ADHD.
system: What are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children?
output: Some symptoms that suggest ADHD in children include inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings.
system: What is necessary to provide for ADHD diagnosis in adults?
output: In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, an adult must have persistent, current symptoms that date to childhood. ADHD symptoms continue as problems into adulthood for up to half of children with ADHD. For an accurate diagnosis, the following are recommended: A history of the adult's behavior as a child An interview with the adult's life partner, parent, close friend, or other close associate A thorough physical exam that may include neurological testing Psychological testing
system: Is there a test for ADHD?
output: There is no single test used to diagnose ADHD. Experts diagnose ADHD after a person has shown some or all of the symptoms on a regular basis for more than six months and in more than one setting.
system: What medical examinations help diagnose ADHD in children?
output: Many children with ADHD: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Make careless mistakes Often lose things Do not seem to listen Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks To diagnose ADHD, your child should also receive a full physical exam, including vision and hearing screenings. Also, the FDA has approved the use of the Neuropsychiatric EEG- Based Assessment Aid ( NEBA) System, a noninvasive scan that measures theta and beta brain waves. The theta/beta ratio has been shown to be higher in children and adolescents with ADHD than in children without it. The scan, approved for use in those aged 6 to 17 years, is meant to be used as a part of a complete medical and psychological exam.
system: What other conditions do doctors screen for during a child's ADHD diagnosis?
output: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult.
system: What conditions can mimic attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or cause attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors?
output: Certain conditions that could mimic ADHD or cause the ADHD-like behaviors are: Recent major life changes (such as divorce, a death in the family, or a recent move) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Lead toxicity It is not easy for a health care provider to diagnose ADHD in an adult.
system: What other problems may adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have?
output: In addition to symptoms of inattention and/or impulsiveness, adults with ADHD may have other problems, including: Chronic lateness and forgetfulness Anxiety Poor organizational skills Low self-esteem Employment problems Short temper Difficulty finishing a task Unthinking and immediate response; difficulty controlling behavior Restlessness If these difficulties are not managed appropriately, they can cause emotional, social, occupational and academic problems in adults.
system: Can you wear your fitness tracker while you swim?
output: Some trackers are water-resistant, so you can shower with them on, but not swim. A few specialty devices, like swimming watches, are fully waterproof. These time your laps, count strokes, and calculate speed and distance. A few trackers combine swim tracking with bike tracking, too. They're ideal for triathletes.
system: How do fitness trackers calculate the calories I burn in a day?
output: Using your weight and gender, fitness devices can calculate the calories you burn in a day. The harder you exercise and the more you move throughout the day, the more calories you burn. Be aware, some devices only record the calories you burn during exercise. Others record activity all day, like washing dishes, folding laundry, and sleeping. Be sure to look for devices that ask for your weight and gender to get the most accurate results.
system: Why should I choose a fitness tracker with sync technology?
output: Sync technology. Want updates on the go? Look for devices that sync wirelessly. Other devices will require you to plug into the jack on your smartphone or to your computer.
system: How much do fitness trackers usually cost?
output: Cost. Most devices range from $30 to over $200. Watch for hidden expenses. A few require a monthly subscription to the web site if you want to see your data.
system: Can fitness trackers tell you if you have a sleep disorder?
output: While they're not accurate enough to diagnose sleep disorders, they do give you an indicator of how much sleep you get vs. how much you toss and turn. The built-in reporting can help you spot patterns.
system: How does an altimeter help people track their fitness?
output: Some devices have an altimeter to count the flights of stairs or hills you climbed. If you're a hiker or outdoor enthusiast, you'll appreciate the data you get from an altimeter. It gives a more accurate reading of how hard you're working and how many calories you've burned. You might also want to check if it will sync to fitness and food tracking apps like Lose It!
system: How do I use a step counter as a fitness tracker?
output: Shop for devices that ask for the length of your footstep or âcadence.â They'll provide the most accurate information. It gives a more accurate reading of how hard you're working and how many calories you've burned.
system: What is a heart rate monitor for exercise?
output: Be sure to look for devices that ask for your weight and gender to get the most accurate results. If so, monitoring your heart rate will help by gauging your exercise intensity in the moment. This information will help you know when to rev up or slow down and recover. Some devices even sense your body temperature and sweat to gauge how hard you're exercising. If you have heart problems or take certain blood pressure medicines, ask your doctor if checking your heart rate during exercise is a good way to measure your exercise intensity.
system: How much will Medicare cost you?
output: With a traditional Medicare plan, there is no out-of-pocket maximum. That means that if you have a serious health issue, there's no limit to what you might have to spend for your co-insurance, which is the percentage of your medical charges that are your responsibility. Medicare Part D (remember, that's the part for prescription medicines) does have a catastrophic threshold. That means that after you spend a certain amount out-of-pocket, its catastrophic coverage kicks in. But you'll still pay 5% of the cost of any prescription drugs over that amount. If you take a high-priced drug, that could add up. Supplemental ( Medigap) policies can help you bridge the cost gap.
system: What is Medicare?
output: It's a huge program with a variety of rules and options, and it can get confusing.
system: What are the different parts of Medicare?
output: In addition to signing up with Medicare or a Medicare Advantage plan, you may need to enroll in Medicare Parts B and D -- which cover outpatient medical care and prescription drugs -- or you risk paying a penalty later. And you may need a supplemental plan for additional coverage, or to help you pay for out-of-pocket costs.
system: What can complicate things if you have Medicare?
output: If you're insured with a Marketplace plan when you become eligible for Medicare, you might think you should just keep your Marketplace plan. You'd be wrong. For one thing, if you're getting a subsidy to help pay your premiums, most people won't be eligible for the subsidy once they're eligible for Medicare. ( This means you could face tax penalties if you keep it.) If you delay enrolling in Medicare Parts B or D, you'll pay a late enrollment penalty the entire time you're on Medicare. And if you miss your Medicare enrollment window the first time, you risk a gap in coverage while you wait for the sign-up window to roll around again. In most cases, you'll want to cancel your Marketplace plan and enroll in Medicare.
system: What is a Medigap plan?
output: If you enroll in an original Medicare plan, a Medigap policy acts as supplemental insurance. It pays some of the costs that Medicare doesn't, such as copayments and deductibles. During your Medigap open enrollment period you can buy any Medigap policy that's available to you, regardless of your health. But after that, you may not be able to get one, and that may be a major disadvantage if something serious comes up and you need expensive services. If you chose a Medicare Advantage plan instead of original Medicare but decide you are not happy with it, you can leave the program within the first 12 months to join or return to original Medicare (known as a âtrial rightâ). If you had a Medigap policy before buying a Medicare Advantage plan or you bought the Medicare Advantage plan when you first turned 65, you will still be eligible to buy a Medigap policy.
system: What choices do you have to make about Medicare?
output: Traditional Medicare isn't your only option. You can choose it ( Medicare Parts A and B) for hospital care and access to any doctor or hospital in the country that accepts Medicare. Or you can choose a Medicare Advantage plan (also called Medicare Part C), which you buy from a private insurer that provides Medicare benefits. If you choose Medicare Parts A and B (sometimes called Original Medicrae), you'll also need to choose a Part D plan if you want prescription drug coverage. You may also want to consider buying a supplemental policy known as a Medigap plan. It can help with your out-of-pocket costs, such as deductibles. Some Medigap plans also have an out-of-pocket maximum, too, meaning there's an annual limit to what you'd have to pay. If you instead choose a Medicare Advantage plan, it most cases it will include prescription drug coverage so you don't have to sign up for a separate Part D plan. It may also offer additional coverage like dental or eye glasses. But you'll be limited to that insurer's network of providers, and it may cost more. If you chose a Medicare Advantage plan, you can't buy a supplemental Medigap plan.
system: Does Medicare cover long-term care?
output: You can choose it ( Medicare Parts A and B) for hospital care and access to any doctor or hospital in the country that accepts Medicare. In addition to signing up with Medicare or a Medicare Advantage plan, you may need to enroll in Medicare Parts B and D -- which cover outpatient medical care and prescription drugs -- or you risk paying a penalty later.
system: What should you keep in mind when signing up for Medicare?
output: If you instead choose a Medicare Advantage plan, it most cases it will include prescription drug coverage so you don't have to sign up for a separate Part D plan. That time starts 3 months before you turn 65, the month of your birthday, and 3 months following your birthday. Some people will automatically be enrolled in Medicae Parts A and B, but others have to sign up. If you are unsure if you are automatically enrolled, it is a good idea to check with the Social Securiy office. If you're not aitomatically enrolled and don't enroll in Medicare or a Medicare Advantage plan during your open enrollment period, you will pay a penalty for enrolling at a later date. This penalty will occur every month you have Medicare. The same is true if you delay enrollment in a Part D plan for prescription drugs. So don't wait until you're sick or need costly medicine before you sign up. This penalty doesn't apply if you have coverage through your job. But since some employers may require you to enroll in Medicare, check with your HR department before you turn 65.
system: Can you get dental and vision coverage from Medicare?
output: It may also offer additional coverage like dental or eye glasses. But it does cover eye exams for certain conditions, such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. Hearing aids also aren't covered. You'll need supplemental insurance or a Medicare Advantage plan to help with those costs.
system: What are examples of common benign skin tumors?
output: Some common benign tumors include: Warts (skin tumor resulting from a virus) Seborrheic keratoses (growths on the skin ranging from light skin color to dark brown) Nevi (skin growths such as moles or birthmarks) Dermatofibromas (scar tissue from an old bug bite or acne lesion) Lipomas (normal fat in an abnormal location, most often from a traumatic injury) What Causes Skin Cysts?
system: What are skin tumors?
output: Skin cysts are non-cancerous closed pockets or pouches of tissue that are filled with fluid or other material. Skin tumors become extremely common as people get older.
system: How can calcium help rebuild your bone after a fracture?
output: This mineral also helps you build strong bones, so foods and drinks rich in it can help your bone fracture heal. Adults should get between 1,000 and 1,200 milligrams of calcium each day. Your doctor will tell if you need a calcium supplement, and what amount you should take if you do. Good sources: Milk, yogurt, cheese, cottage cheese, broccoli, turnip or collard greens, kale, bok choy, soy, beans, canned tuna or salmon with bones, almond milk, and fortified cereals or juice.