laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is minimally invasive surgery for aortic valve replacement?
output: Then, your doctor: Makes a 6- to 8-inch opening in your chest Splits open your breastbone Stops your heart and hooks you up to a heart-lung machine, which takes over pumping your blood Takes out the damaged valve and puts in a new one Restarts your heart and closes up your chest In some cases, you may be able to get âminimally invasiveâ surgery instead. You get a smaller cut in your chest, and your breastbone won't be opened all the way, if at all.
system: What tests are done to make sure you're healthy enough for aortic valve replacement surgery?
output: To make sure you're healthy enough for surgery, you'll get: Blood and urine tests Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram ( EKG) Physical exam Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you take, including: Vitamins Herbal or natural medicines Drugs you buy âover the counterâ (meaning that they don't need a prescription) Prescription medicines You may need to stop taking certain ones before surgery.
system: What are mechanical valves for aortic valve replacement?
output: Mechanical valves are carbon, metal, or plastic. They last long but boost your chances of having blood clots. You'll have to take drugs called blood thinners for the rest of your life. Your doctor will check your med levels often because too little won't help with clots, but too much could cause heavy bleeding, especially after an injury.
system: What are the risks from aortic valve replacement surgery?
output: Most people do well with this surgery. Like any operation, though, it can lead to problems, including: Bleeding after surgery Blood clots Heart rhythm gets thrown off for a while Infection Kidney problems that may last for a few days after surgery New valve doesn't work or wears out over time Stroke Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs during your recovery: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Pain, redness, or swelling around the wound gets worse Pus or other fluid coming from the wound Shortness of breath that gets worse Symptoms you had before surgery, like chest pain or dizziness, come back
system: How does a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) work?
output: With one type of operation, called transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( TAVR), you get a thin tube that runs through a small opening in your leg and up to your heart. Your doctor uses that tube to put in the new valve.
system: When should you call a doctor after aortic valve replacement surgery?
output: Like any operation, though, it can lead to problems, including: Bleeding after surgery Blood clots Heart rhythm gets thrown off for a while Infection Kidney problems that may last for a few days after surgery New valve doesn't work or wears out over time Stroke Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs during your recovery: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Pain, redness, or swelling around the wound gets worse Pus or other fluid coming from the wound Shortness of breath that gets worse Symptoms you had before surgery, like chest pain or dizziness, come back
system: How can aortic valve problems cause stenosis?
output: Any of these issues can lead to: Regurgitation, when the valve doesn't close all the way and blood flows backward into the heart Stenosis, when the opening of the valve gets too narrow and not enough blood flows out Those problems can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms. If you don't get the valve replaced, it can be life-threatening.
system: What happens in open-heart surgery for aortic valve replacement?
output: Then, your doctor: Makes a 6- to 8-inch opening in your chest Splits open your breastbone Stops your heart and hooks you up to a heart-lung machine, which takes over pumping your blood Takes out the damaged valve and puts in a new one Restarts your heart and closes up your chest In some cases, you may be able to get âminimally invasiveâ surgery instead. It's usually recommended for people if open-heart surgery is too risky. You'll get tired easily.
system: Can exercise help with constipation?
output: If you have constipation, exercise can help speed things up. According to experts, exercise does more than tone your heart and other muscles. Exercise is essential for regular bowel movements. In fact, one of the key things that leads to constipation is inactivity.
system: When is the best time to exercise to help relieve constipation?
output: Wait an hour after a big meal before doing any tough physical activity. After eating, blood flow increases to your stomach and intestines to help your body digest the food. If you exercise right after eating, blood flows away from your stomach and to your heart and muscles instead. Since the strength of your gut's muscle contractions depends on how much blood it has, less blood in the GI tract means weaker contractions and the food will move sluggishly through your intestines. This can lead to bloating, gas, and constipation. So after a big meal, give your body a chance to digest it before you start on that nature hike.
system: What are the best exercises for constipation?
output: If you have constipation, exercise can help speed things up. A regular walking plan -- even 10 to 15 minutes several times a day -- can help the body and digestive system work at their best. If you are already fit, you might choose aerobic exercise: running, jogging, swimming, or swing dancing, for example. All of these exercises can help keep the digestive tract healthy. Stretching may also help ease constipation, and yoga may, too.
system: How can exercise help with constipation?
output: Exercise helps constipation by lowering the time it takes food to move through the large intestine. Plus, aerobic exercise speeds up your breathing and heart rate. This helps to stimulate the natural squeezing (or contractions) of muscles in your intestines. Intestinal muscles that squeeze better will help move stools out quickly.
system: Why do people take ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)?
output: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. EDTA is sometimes prescribed by doctors to clean toxic metals, such as lead, from the blood. In those cases it is given through an IV. EDTA is also an ingredient in some prescription cancer-fighting medicines.
system: Does ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) work?
output: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. There is no scientific evidence to support this. Preliminary studies show that intravenous EDTA therapy under physician supervision may help patients who have had a heart attack, particularly if they have diabetes. However, more study is needed to prove this. For instance, it is sometimes added to: Sodas Canned fruits and vegetables Non-nutritive sweeteners Condiments such as mayonnaise Salad dressings The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U. S. The most common side effect of EDTA is burning at the IV site.
system: Which foods contain ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)?
output: EDTA is a molecule called a chelating agent. EDTA is a chemical that is added to certain foods and beverages to help them keep their color and flavor. For instance, it is sometimes added to: Sodas Canned fruits and vegetables Non-nutritive sweeteners Condiments such as mayonnaise Salad dressings The FDA says EDTA is considered safe for use in foods in the U. S. The most common side effect of EDTA is burning at the IV site.
system: What happens to your lungs and respiratory system when you breathe?
output: Breathing starts at the nose and mouth. You inhale air into your nose or mouth, and it travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes. For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open during inhalation and exhalation and free from inflammation or swelling and excess or abnormal amounts of mucus. As the bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. Your body has over 300 million alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood. After absorbing oxygen, the blood leaves the lungs and is carried to your heart. Your heart then pumps it through your body to provide oxygen to the cells of your tissues and organs. As the cells use the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when you exhale.
system: What is the diaphragm's role in breathing?
output: Inhalation and exhalation are the processes by which the body brings in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide. The breathing process is aided by a large dome-shaped muscle under the lungs called the diaphragm. When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts downward, creating a vacuum that causes a rush of fresh air into the lungs. The opposite occurs with exhalation, where the diaphragm relaxes upwards, pushing on the lungs, allowing them to deflate.
system: How does the respiratory system work to clean the air?
output: The respiratory system has built-in methods to prevent harmful substances in the air from entering the lungs. Hairs in your nose help filter out large particles. Microscopic hairs, called cilia, are found along your air passages and move in a sweeping motion to keep the air passages clean. But if harmful substances, such as cigarette smoke, are inhaled, the cilia stop functioning properly, causing health problems like bronchitis. Mucus produced by cells in the trachea and bronchial tubes keeps air passages moist and aids in stopping dust, bacteria and viruses, allergy-causing substances, and other substances from entering the lungs. Impurities that do reach the deeper parts of the lungs can often be moved up via mucous and coughed out or swallowed.
system: What can I do to treat cold sores?
output: Like canker sores, they often heal on their own in a week or so. But since you can spread the virus that causes them to other people, start treatment as soon as you notice one forming. Medications you can try include over-the-counter remedies and prescription antiviral drugs. Ask your doctor or dentist if either type of treatment could help you.
system: What can you do to get relief from canker sores?
output: To ease irritation, don't eat spicy, hot foods or anything with a high acid content, such as tomatoes or citrus fruits. Most canker sores disappear in a week to 10 days. For relief, try over-the-counter "numbing" medicine that you put directly on the sore. If you get canker sores often, your dentist may prescribe a steroid ointment.
system: Can stress lead to teeth grinding?
output: Stress may make you clench and grind your teeth. This can happen during the day or at night, and often without your realizing it. If you already clench and grind your teeth, stress could make the habit worse. It can lead to problems with a joint known as TMJ that's located in front of your ear where the skull and lower jaw meet.
system: What can you do to help stop teeth grinding caused by stress?
output: Your dentist may recommend a night guard, worn as you sleep, or another appliance to help you stop or curb your grinding. During the day, try to keep your teeth slightly apart when you're not eating.
system: Can stress lead to canker sores?
output: Experts aren't sure what causes them. It could be a problem with your immune system, your body's defense against germs. Or they might be due to bacteria or viruses. Stress likely raises your chances of getting them. These are also called fever blisters and are caused by the herpes simplex virus. They're filled with fluid and often show up on or around your lips.
system: When should I call a doctor about my child's abdominal pain?
output: When to Call a Doctor Call your child's doctor immediately if your child has any of the following: Persistent pain on the right side of the abdomen, which could be an appendicitis Pain confined to one part of the abdomen Severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain or pain that doesn't go away within 24 hours Pain or tenderness when you press on the belly A swollen abdomen or an abdomen that is rigid to the touch Pain in the groin, or pain or swelling in a testicle Unexplained fever Lots of vomiting or diarrhea Bleeding from the rectum Blood in the stool or vomit A recent abdominal injury
system: How is xanthan gum made?
output: These include: Tablets that slowly break down in the body Liquid drops for the eyes Xanthan gum is produced by fermenting a carbohydrate (a substance that contains sugar) with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, then processing it.
system: What is xanthan gum?
output: It has different effects in these products: It can add thickness, keep textures from changing, and hold ingredients in place. These include: Tablets that slowly break down in the body Liquid drops for the eyes Xanthan gum is produced by fermenting a carbohydrate (a substance that contains sugar) with Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, then processing it. Research on the health effects of xanthan gum is limited. When baking, some people who avoid gluten mix xanthan gum with gluten-free flour to achieve the same effects. Some people who have trouble swallowing add a product called Simply Thick -- which contains xanthan gum -- to foods and drinks to make them easier to swallow. Xanthan gum is a food additive. Some supermarkets also carry xanthan gum alongside other ingredients for baking or in the natural foods area.
system: Can I give my pet table scraps as treats?
output: You may like to treat your pets to a few bites from the dinner table. If you forget to count those calories in your pet’s diet, he can gain too much weight. Keep bites from the table as small as your pinky fingernail so the food doesn’t have too many calories per mouthful. Sometimes, feeding your pet table scraps can lead to begging, because they know that food can be a reward. If a pet begs and you give him food, he’ll think that it’s a reward for what he did, so he’ll beg again. If you have trouble saying no to those big eyes or whines and meows, put your pet in a different room when you eat. Or try serving him his meal at the same time that you eat yours, so he doesn’t feel left out.
system: How should I limit my pet's treats?
output: Just like cookies don’t have enough nutrients to be the bulk of your diet, pet treats aren’t healthy enough for dogs or cats to be a large part of what they eat. That’s because these products aren’t made with the same balanced nutrition that goes into the type of pet food that you serve them at mealtime. Pets shouldn’t get more than 10% of their daily calories from treats. This includes table scraps or food you might use to give your pet medicine, since these things aren’t designed for a healthy dog or cat’s diet. Your vet can tell you the total number of calories your pet needs each day, and you can figure out what 10% of that amount is. To see how many calories are in treats, look on the package. ( If there are no calories listed, don’t buy that treat.)
system: How many treats should I give my pet?
output: Many pet owners give these little extras as rewards -- or to show their love for their dogs or cats -- without thinking about the number of calories that are in each handout. Snacks like these may be one reason why more than half of pets in the U. S. weigh too much. If you want to be smart about giving your dog or cat treats, follow some guidelines to avoid adding too many calories to his diet. Giving no treats is fine, too.
system: How often should I give my pet treats?
output: Many pet owners give these little extras as rewards -- or to show their love for their dogs or cats -- without thinking about the number of calories that are in each handout. There’s no rule about how often you can dole them out, as long as you limit treats to 10% of their daily calories. Some owners choose to give one large biscuit each day. Others give a handful of kibble (perhaps 20 or 30 pieces) over the course of the day, one or two pieces at a time. Giving no treats is fine, too. Remember that cats and dogs do well with other rewards and signs of affection, like extra playtime with you or words of praise.
system: What treats should my pet not eat?
output: Keep bites from the table as small as your pinky fingernail so the food doesn’t have too many calories per mouthful. But dogs and cats should never eat: Chocolate Onions Garlic Raisins Grapes
system: What are the common symptoms of adrenal cancer?
output: But you may be at a higher risk if you have one of these genetic diseases: Li- Fraumeni syndrome Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome Carney complex Multiple endocrine neoplasia Familial adenomatous polyposis Lynch syndrome If your adrenal tumor grows large, it can press against other organs. You may feel a pain in your stomach or back. Or you could feel pressure or fullness soon after you eat. You may even notice a lump. On the other hand, if your tumor is small, you might not feel like anything's wrong. Your tumor can change your levels of some hormones, which sets off a variety of symptoms. For instance, high levels of male hormones, called androgens, can cause too much face or body hair to grow. They can also enlarge the penis in young boys or the clitoris in girls.
system: How can you check if you have adrenal cancer?
output: If you have any symptoms -- or have a genetic disease that puts you at risk for adrenal cancer -- your doctor can order tests to check for a tumor. These exams can also show the stage of your cancer, and if it's spread to other organs.
system: What foot cares supplies should I keep if I have diabetes?
output: These items can help you care for your skin: Mild or moisturizing soap Skin moisturizer Antibiotic cream or ointment (if your doctor advises using it), sterile gauze, and paper tape or cloth bandages for cuts Mild shampoo Take good care of your feet to help yourself avoid foot problems that people with diabetes tend to have. These supplies can help: Toenail scissors and an emery board or nail file Mirror, if needed, to help you inspect your feet daily for cuts or blisters Seamless, padded socks if you have nerve damage in your feet Diabetes raises your chances of getting gum disease and other dental problems.
system: What should you know about insulin supplies for diabetes?
output: If your kit doesn't include one, it's useful to also have: A record book for tracking your blood glucose levels If you inject insulin for your diabetes, you'll want to have these supplies on hand: Insulin Syringes, or disposable or reusable insulin pens Needles A sharps container for safely disposing of needles Glucose tablets or gels 2 glucagon shot kits Depending on where you live, you may be able to buy needles and syringes in bulk without a prescription. If you buy extra supplies of insulin to cut costs, store bottles that aren't open in the refrigerator until they expire. You may need to store pens or cartridges another way -- ask your pharmacist. You can bring cold insulin to room temperature just before using it so you have less pain and irritation. Or you can keep a bottle you're using at room temperature for up to a month. But after a month, throw out any opened insulin that isn't used. Some syringes come with a magnifying lens. You can put it on the syringe to read the dosage easier. You can also get safety guards for shots and aids to help steady the needle when you are putting it in the insulin bottle or under your skin. If you don't have a sharps container, you can re-cap used needles and put them in a heavy-duty opaque (not clear) plastic bottle. Sharps containers are not costly, though. Ask your local garbage removal service how to get rid of syringes and needles safely. Glucose tablets and gels can help you avoid low blood sugar. If your blood sugar is low (below 70 mg/d L) and you have symptoms of low blood sugar, you can take 3-4 glucose tablets or one serving of glucose gel. Wait about 15 minutes and then check your blood sugar levels again. If they are still low, take another 3-4 glucose tablets or a serving of glucose gel. Continue testing and treating in the same way until your blood sugar levels are normal. ( If your meter reading is low but you have no symptoms, you should probably retest first to confirm your blood sugar is low, then proceed as above.) You need to keep glucagon with you at all times. But why two kits? If you use one, you'll have another on hand in case an emergency happens before you can get to a drugstore. Glucagon expires in about a year. Keep track of the date so you can ask your doctor for a new prescription before it expires. Make sure that the people you're around the most know where you keep your glucagon and how to use it in case you pass out.
system: What supplies should I keep on hand for diabetic emergencies?
output: For emergencies, have on hand: Medical alert ID (such as a bracelet, necklace, or card) that says you have diabetes Emergency contact information Emergency preparedness supplies The American Diabetes Association recommends storing 3 days' worth of diabetes supplies in case of emergencies such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, or blizzards. Depending on how you manage your diabetes, this could include diabetes pills, insulin and insulin supplies, extra batteries, and quick-acting sources of glucose, as well as standard supplies such as food that doesn't spoil, and water.
system: What skin care supplies should I keep if I have diabetes?
output: Diabetes can affect every part of your body. Prevent dry skin and tend to cuts or other wounds right away -- it can help prevent infections and skin conditions. These items can help you care for your skin: Mild or moisturizing soap Skin moisturizer Antibiotic cream or ointment (if your doctor advises using it), sterile gauze, and paper tape or cloth bandages for cuts Mild shampoo Take good care of your feet to help yourself avoid foot problems that people with diabetes tend to have.
system: What can I carry in my glucose monitoring kit if I have problems with eyesight?
output: If you have problems with your eyesight, some monitors have a voice function that tells you how to check your sugar and gives you your test result. Some monitors also have a larger font size. Contact the National Federation for the Blind for a list of products that can help.
system: How do I use an insulin syringe if I have problems with vision?
output: Some syringes come with a magnifying lens. You can put it on the syringe to read the dosage easier. You can also get safety guards for shots and aids to help steady the needle when you are putting it in the insulin bottle or under your skin.
system: What kind of foods should you eat if you have diabetes?
output: To keep your blood glucose at good levels, it's a good idea to have: Glucose tablets or other emergency sugar sources Healthy snacks for between meals Low-sugar drinks (including water) to stay hydrated Keep a good supply of fast-acting sugars in several places -- such as a backpack, purse, gym locker, and car -- in case of sugar lows. Glucose tablets are easy to carry. Other possible sources include apple or orange juice or regular soda. Chocolate is not good because it takes longer to digest. If you live with other people, let them know these supplies are not for them to eat.
system: What supplies should you have for a diabetic emergency?
output: For emergencies, have on hand: Medical alert ID (such as a bracelet, necklace, or card) that says you have diabetes Emergency contact information Emergency preparedness supplies The American Diabetes Association recommends storing 3 days' worth of diabetes supplies in case of emergencies such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, or blizzards. Depending on how you manage your diabetes, this could include diabetes pills, insulin and insulin supplies, extra batteries, and quick-acting sources of glucose, as well as standard supplies such as food that doesn't spoil, and water. Store these supplies in a waterproof container in a place where you can get to them easily. You may want to keep a set of emergency supplies at home, work, and in your car.