laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What causes an anal abscess?
output: In some cases, an anal fistula causes persistent drainage. These include: An anal fissure, a tear in the anal canal, that becomes infected Sexually transmitted infections Blocked anal glands Risk factors for anal abscesses include: Colitis Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis Diabetes Diverticulitis Pelvic inflammatory disease Being the receptive partner in anal sex Use of medications such as prednisone For adults, using condoms during sexual intercourse, including anal intercourse, can help prevent anal abscesses.
system: Who is at high risk for colon cancer?
output: History of inflammatory bowel disease ( Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) Close relatives who have had colorectal disease or polyps before age 60 Family history of familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer Specific recommendations for high-risk people are as follows: Colonoscopy at the time of initial polyp diagnosis If 1-2 small adenonatous polyps with low grade abnormality, repeat in 5 years.
system: What are specific recommendations for people who have had surgery for colorectal cancer?
output: If 3-10 adenomatous polyps or 1 adenomoatous polyp greater than 1 centimeter, repeat colonoscopy within three years after polyp removal With certain types of polyps or with high grade abnormality, repeat colonoscopy within three years If normal, repeat again in five years If more than 10 adenomatous polyps, repeat in less than 3 years If polyps are permanently attached and not on a stem and are removed in portions, repeat colonoscopy in 2-6 months to verify complete polyp removal Colonoscopy within one year after surgery; if normal, repeat in three years; if still normal, repeat in five years. Colonoscopy at age 40 or 10 years before the age that the immediate family member was diagnosed with cancer, whichever is earlier; if normal, repeat every five years.
system: What are specific recommendations for people with a family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer?
output: Colonoscopy every one to two years, starting at age 20 to 25 or2 to 5 years before the age that an immediate family member had cancer, whichever is earlier Genetic testing offered to first-degree family members Colonoscopy every one to two years, starting eight years after the start of pancolitis (involvement or the entire colon) or 12-15 years after the start of left-sided colitis
system: What are specific recommendations for people with a family history of colorectal cancer?
output: Colonoscopy at age 40 or 10 years before the age that the immediate family member was diagnosed with cancer, whichever is earlier; if normal, repeat every five years.
system: What are specific recommendations for people with a family history of familial adenomatous polyposis relative to colorectal cancer?
output: At age 10 to 12, annual flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. If positive genetic test, colon removal should be considered because of very high risk of colorectal cancer.
system: Does alcohol affect deep vein thrombosis?
output: Alcohol itself, in low to moderate amounts, isn't likely to raise your DVT risk. It may even protect healthy adults. It can act as a blood thinner. And a researcher in Norway found studies that show the more you drink, the lower your blood clot risk. But moderation is key. Doctors don't recommend drinking alcohol to protect against DVT. The relationship between alcohol and deep vein thrombosis may depend on what, and how much, you pour in your glass.
system: How does beer and wine affect deep vein thrombosis?
output: A 2013 study of almost 60,000 people found no difference in the risk of blood clots between wine or beer drinkers. An antioxidant found in the skin of grapes, resveratrol, helps fight blood clots.
system: How does liquor affect deep vein thrombosis?
output: Another study found that, compared to non-drinkers, people who drank more than 3 ounces of liquor per week had a 53% higher risk of DVT. It might be a question of habits. People who said they drink a lot of liquor also tended to binge drink, which counteracts any helpful effects you might get from alcohol in moderation.
system: How much weight will you lose after weight loss surgery?
output: Weight Loss Ask your doctor how much weight you can expect to lose. The type of weight loss surgery makes a difference. Surgeries that affect digestion, such as gastric bypass, tend to result in faster and greater weight loss than adjustable banding procedures. Many people find that their weight loss ebbs and flows over months, dropping, then leveling off, and then dropping again. Depending on the procedure, you might keep losing weight for up to 2 or 3 years after surgery.
system: Should you exercise more after weight loss surgery?
output: A More Active Life Keeping the weight off takes work, and becoming more active is key. If you're not active now, take it easy when you get started, and gradually make it more challenging. Talk to your doctor about easy ways to begin. You may also benefit from working with a physical therapist or trainer.
system: How might weight loss surgery help your health?
output: Health Benefits After gastric bypass or certain other types of weight loss surgery, the health benefits often happen right away. For instance, your diabetes might improve dramatically. The same might be true of high blood pressure, arthritis, sleep apnea, high cholesterol, and other conditions. Improved health after adjustable banding procedures may be more gradual.
system: How will your self-image change after weight loss surgery?
output: Your Self- Image It may take a while to get used to the new you and to adjust to the changes in your lifestyle. You might also realize how much you relied on food for comfort in the past, something that's just not possible after surgery. That's normal. Consider talking to a therapist about it. You can also ask your doctor if there are support groups in the area for people who have had weight loss surgery. Meeting people who are going through the same changes helps a lot.
system: How might your relationships change after weight loss surgery?
output: Your Relationships When you lose a lot of weight, it can affect your relationships. For instance, if you usually socialize while eating and drinking, you may need to think of new ways of meeting up with family and friends that aren't so focused on food.
system: How will weight loss surgery affect your nutrition intake?
output: Nutrition Because you're eating less, you need to focus on choosing the most nutritious foods. Some weight loss surgeries, including gastric bypass, also make it harder for your body to absorb nutrients. Talk to your doctor or a dietitian for advice on what sorts of foods to eat after weight loss surgery and whether you should take supplements.
system: How will your appearance change after weight loss surgery?
output: Your Appearance Many people are thrilled to see the changes in how they look as they start losing after weight loss surgery. There are some downsides, too. As your body shrinks, you may find that your skin doesn't shrink as much. It may start to look loose and baggy. Some people choose to have plastic surgery to remove this extra skin.
system: How does high cholesterol cause heart disease?
output: Follow These Simple Tips to Lower Your Cholesterol When you have too much cholesterol, it builds up in the walls of your arteries, This buildup causes the arteries to harden -- a process called atherosclerosis. It also narrows the arteries, which slows and even blocks the flow of blood. That's where the problem starts. Your blood is supposed to carry oxygen to all parts of your body, including your heart muscle. Without enough oxygen, your body's parts won't function the way they're supposed to. For instance, if your heart muscle doesn't get enough blood and oxygen you'll have chest pain. And if the blood supply to a portion of your heart is completely cut off, you'll have a heart attack.
system: Are there foods or other drugs I should avoid while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs?
output: Other side effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs include: Abnormal liver function Allergic reaction (skin rashes) Heartburn Dizziness Abdominal pain Constipation Decreased sexual desire Memory loss Ask your doctor about the other drugs you are taking, including herbals and vitamins, and their impact on cholesterol-lowering medications. You should not drink grapefruit juice while taking cholesterol-lowering drugs. It can interfere with the liver's ability to metabolize these medications.
system: Is cholesterol hereditary?
output: Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High blood cholesterol can run in families.
system: What is niacin for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Examples of statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol, Lescol XL) Lovastatin ( Altocor, Altoprev, Mevacor) Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Niacin Niacin is a B-complex vitamin. It's found in food, but it is also available at high doses by prescription. It lowers LDL cholesterol and raises HDL cholesterol. The main side effects are flushing, itching, tingling, and headache. Aspirin can reduce many of these symptoms. Speak with your doctor first, though, before taking aspirin. Research studies suggest that even though niacin may improve your cholesterol numbers, it does not appear to lower your risk of heart disease, especially if you are already taking a statin.
system: Does weight affect your cholesterol levels?
output: Being overweight is in itself a risk factor for heart disease. It also can increase your cholesterol. Losing weight will help lower your LDL, total cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels. At the same time it can help you raise your HDL.
system: What are statins for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Statins Statins block the production of cholesterol in the liver. They lower LDL and triglycerides and can slightly raise HDL. These drugs are the first line of treatment for most people with high cholesterol. They are associated with a lower risk of heart disease, and for people with heart disease, statins reduce the risk of future heart attacks. Side effects can include intestinal problems, liver damage, and, in a few people, muscle tenderness or weakness. If your doctor prescribes statins, you should discuss the percentage by which you should lower your cholesterol. Generally, it will be between 30% and 50%.
system: What are fibrates for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Examples of bile acid resins include: Cholestyramine resin ( Prevalite, Questran and Questran Light) Colesevelam ( Wel Chol) Colestipol ( Colestid) Fibrates Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and can increase HDL and lower LDL. It's thought that fibrates enhance the breakdown of triglyceride-rich particles and decrease the secretion of certain blood fats.
system: What are examples of bile acid sequestrants for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Examples of bile acid resins include: Cholestyramine resin ( Prevalite, Questran and Questran Light) Colesevelam ( Wel Chol) Colestipol ( Colestid) Fibrates Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and can increase HDL and lower LDL.
system: Does diet affect your cholesterol levels?
output: Reducing the amount of saturated fat, trans fats, and cholesterol in your diet can help lower your blood cholesterol. Eating too much sugar and too many simple carbohydrates will also increase your cholesterol levels.
system: What are combination drugs for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Combination drugs Some people with high cholesterol achieve the best results with combination drugs. These are pills that contain more than one medication to treat cholesterol problems, trigylceride abnormalities, or even high blood pressure.
system: What drugs are used to treat high cholesterol?
output: Cholesterol-lowering drugs include: Statins Niacin Bile-acid resins Fibrates Cholesterol-lowering drugs are most effective when combined with a low-cholesterol diet and exercise program.
system: What are examples of combination drugs for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Some examples include: Advicor: Lovastatin and niacin ( nicotinic acid ) Caduet: Atorvastatin and amlodipine , a calcium channel blocker Liptruzet: Atorvastatin and ezetimibe Simcor: Simvastatin and niacin (nicotinic acid) Vytorin: Simvastatin and ezetimibe , a cholesterol absorption inhibitor The side effect you need to be most concerned about is muscle aches.
system: Do medications affect cholesterol levels?
output: Some drugs, such as steroids and progestins, can increase the "bad" cholesterol and decrease the "good" cholesterol.
system: What are examples of statins for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Examples of statins include: Atorvastatin ( Lipitor) Fluvastatin ( Lescol, Lescol XL) Lovastatin ( Altocor, Altoprev, Mevacor) Pitavastatin ( Livalo) Pravastatin ( Pravachol) Rosuvastatin ( Crestor) Simvastatin ( Zocor) Niacin Niacin is a B-complex vitamin.
system: What are bile acid sequestrants for lowering high cholesterol?
output: Bile Acid Sequestrants These drugs work inside the intestine, where they bind to bile and prevent it from being reabsorbed into the circulatory system. Bile is made largely from cholesterol, so these drugs work by reducing the body's supply of cholesterol. That then lowers both total and LDL cholesterol. The most common side effects are constipation, gas, and upset stomach.
system: What are symptoms of high cholesterol?
output: High cholesterol does not have any symptoms. So you can be completely unaware that your cholesterol levels are getting too high. That's why it's important to find out what your cholesterol numbers are. If the level is too high, lowering it will lessen your risk for developing heart disease. And if you already have heart disease, lowering cholesterol can reduce your chance of a heart attack or of dying from heart disease.
system: Do age and gender affect your cholesterol levels?
output: As you get older, your cholesterol rises. Before menopause, women tend to have lower total cholesterol than men. After menopause, though, women's LDL levels tend to rise.
system: What are triglycerides and how are they linked to heart disease?
output: So you can be completely unaware that your cholesterol levels are getting too high. In addition to the numbers, the doctor will factor in your age, blood pressure, smoking history, and use of blood pressure medicines.
system: How do you find out what your cholesterol numbers are?
output: Your blood is supposed to carry oxygen to all parts of your body, including your heart muscle. The test will show you your: Total cholesterol level LDL level HDL level Triglycerides level Your numbers will help you and your doctor determine not only your risk for heart disease but also the best options for lowering it. If your doctor prescribes statins, you should discuss the percentage by which you should lower your cholesterol.
system: How does cordyceps interact with other medicine?
output: Interactions. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using cordyceps supplements. Cordyceps could interact with blood thinners, diabetes treatments, and drugs that suppress the immune system. Supplements are not regulated by the FDA.
system: What foods contain cordyceps?
output: Cordyceps is not found in foods.
system: Why do people take cordyceps?
output: Cordyceps has long been a traditional treatment in Chinese medicine. However, more research is needed to determine if cordyceps has real benefit on human health. The best dose of cordyceps hasn't been set for any condition. Ask your health care provider for advice.
system: What are risks of taking cordyceps?
output: Side effects. Cordyceps is generally safe, but it may cause upset stomach, nausea, and dry mouth in some people. Don't take cordyceps if you have cancer, diabetes, or a bleeding disorder. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children should avoid cordyceps. We don't know if cordyceps is safe for them. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using cordyceps supplements.
system: What is cordyceps?
output: In Chinese medicine, people take cordyceps as a daily treatment for good health. Studies have also shown that cordyceps may boost athletic endurance and tolerance to high-intensity exercise.
system: What are side effects of taking cordyceps?
output: Side effects. Cordyceps is generally safe, but it may cause upset stomach, nausea, and dry mouth in some people. Don't take cordyceps if you have cancer, diabetes, or a bleeding disorder. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children should avoid cordyceps. We don't know if cordyceps is safe for them. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using cordyceps supplements.
system: What are some precautions about taking cordyceps?
output: Cordyceps has long been a traditional treatment in Chinese medicine. It comes from a bizarre source: a fungus that grows on caterpillars. Some people use it to try to boost energy and improve well-being. However, we don't have much research about whether cordyceps has health benefits. Cordyceps is generally safe, but it may cause upset stomach, nausea, and dry mouth in some people. Don't take cordyceps if you have cancer, diabetes, or a bleeding disorder. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children should avoid cordyceps.
system: What is cordyceps and why do people take it?
output: Cordyceps has long been a traditional treatment in Chinese medicine. It comes from a bizarre source: a fungus that grows on caterpillars. Studies have also shown that cordyceps may boost athletic endurance and tolerance to high-intensity exercise. This makes it hard to set a standard dose. Cordyceps is not found in foods.
system: How can over-the-counter (OTC) drugs cause heart failure?
output: Other types of drugs that can bring on heart failure include: Antifungal medications Cancer medications Stimulants Antidepressants Tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) inhibitors You may not think twice about taking over-the-counter ( OTC) drugs for minor things like a headache or stuffy nose. But if you're at risk of heart failure, or if you already have it, you might want to limit or avoid some medications. OTC NSAIDs, just like the prescription ones, can make heart failure worse. They can even make it more likely that you'll go to the hospital for heart failure. Watch out for cold medicines. Some have NSAIDs like ibuprofen. Others have sodium or ingredients that can worsen your heart failure or conditions that come along with it. Nasal decongestants often contain drugs that narrow your blood vessels. Look for the word vasoconstrictor on the label. These can cause heart problems when you take more than you should for a long time. Ask your doctor for a list of safe OTC drugs and tips on what to look for on product labels.
system: What are some precautions for taking natural supplements to prevent heart failure?
output: In the meantime: Don't take vitamins or supplements to prevent cardiovascular problems or improve heart failure symptoms. Avoid products that contain ephedra (you may see ephedrine as part of their name). They affect your blood pressure and heart rate. Avoid products that can interact with heart medications, like digoxin and blood thinners. Keep everyone on your health care team in the loop about the drugs and supplements you take.
system: What are some tips for medications that can cause heart failure?
output: Keep everyone on your health care team in the loop about the drugs and supplements you take. This keeps your risk low. It's also a good idea to limit any drugs or supplements you don't need. Some tips: At each doctor visit, provide a list of each drug and supplement you take. Include the dose and how often you take it. Ask your doctor if there are any medications you can limit or stop taking. If you have multiple doctors, ask one to be in charge of your medications. Update her when you get a new prescription or when one of your prescriptions changes. That way you'll know about any increased heart risk before you make a medication change.
system: How can blood pressure medicine cause heart failure?
output: Calcium channel blockers can worsen edema or fluid that stays in your body's tissues. Central agonists (clonidine, moxonidine) cause changes in the way your body releases hormones that affect your heart.
system: How can natural supplements cause heart failure?
output: There's no government regulation of natural supplements, so you can't always be sure the package contains what the label says it does. Some can cause serious risks, especially if you have a health condition. That goes for vitamins, too. They seem harmless because they occur naturally in food. But in pill form, it's a different story. More than 400 IU of vitamin E daily can increase your chances of developing heart failure. Supplements can also interact with other drugs. One natural product may be fine for your neighbor but put your health at risk.
system: How can prescription drugs cause heart failure?
output: Some drugs and natural supplements cause or worsen heart failure because they: Are toxic to your heart Affect the strength of heart muscle contractions Make high blood pressure worse Prevent heart failure medications from working well People with heart failure take an average of 6.8 prescription medicines a day. The more drugs you take, the more likely you are to have a drug-drug interaction. This can put your heart at risk.
system: How can medications cause heart failure?
output: Some drugs and natural supplements cause or worsen heart failure because they: Are toxic to your heart Affect the strength of heart muscle contractions Make high blood pressure worse Prevent heart failure medications from working well People with heart failure take an average of 6.8 prescription medicines a day.
system: What other types of drugs can cause heart failure?
output: Other types of drugs that can bring on heart failure include: Antifungal medications Cancer medications Stimulants Antidepressants Tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) inhibitors You may not think twice about taking over-the-counter ( OTC) drugs for minor things like a headache or stuffy nose.
system: How can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause heart failure?
output: These drugs can raise your risk of heart failure or related problems: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs). Prescription NSAIDs include diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and ketorolac. More than 70 million prescriptions are written every year for this type of pain reliever. NSAIDs can boost heart failure odds because they make you retain water and salt, make it harder for your blood to flow, and make it tougher for diuretic drugs (often used to treat high blood pressure) to work.
system: What is tumor grading relative to invasive breast cancer?
output: After surgery to remove the tumor, a doctor will check it and assign a grade to it. The grade depends on how closely the cancer cells resemble normal cells when viewed under a microscope. Low-grade cancer cells are similar to normal breast cells. Higher grade breast cancer cells look more different. They show the cancer is more aggressive. The doctor will also test for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. This test will show whether the female hormones -- estrogen and progesterone -- influence the cancer cells. If the test is positive, it means hormones cause the cancer cells to grow. In that case, therapies to suppress or block hormones may help treat the cancer. The cancer will also be tested for a gene called HER2. If it's found, additional drugs like trastuzumab ( Herceptin) can be used. Other tests will see if the cancer has spread from the breast to other areas of the body.
system: What is the goal of treatment for invasive breast cancer?
output: The goal of your treatment is to give you the best possible outcome. Your doctor may use one or a combination of them.