laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What causes papilledema?
output: That may happen because of: A head injury A brain or spinal cord tumor Inflammation of the brain or any of its coverings, such as meningitis Extremely high blood pressure Bleeding in the brain A blood clot or a problem within certain veins Pus collecting from a brain infection Problems with the flow or amount of fluid that runs through the brain and spinal cord You can also get papilledema as a side effect of taking -- or stopping -- some medications, including: Corticosteroids Isotretinoin Lithium Tetracycline When there's no apparent reason for high pressure inside your skull, the condition is called idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH). This drug helps bring down the pressure inside your head by lessening the amount of fluid in your body as well as the amount of fluid your brain makes.
system: How can losing weight help with papilledema?
output: Also, suddenly gaining an additional 5% to 15% of your body weight raises the odds, regardless of your starting weight. If you're having a hard time, ask your doctor if you might be a candidate for weight loss surgery.
system: What are the symptoms and complications of papilledema?
output: Papilledema is swelling of your optic disc, the place where the nerve that goes to your brain connects inside your eye. It's common to have blurred or double vision, and lose your vision for a few seconds at a time. Other symptoms are headache, queasiness, and throwing up. With IIH, some of these symptoms are more noticeable. You could get a headache every day and feel it on both sides of your head. The headaches may not always be the same intensity, but they do get worse as you keep getting them. You might hear throbbing in your head. Some people go blind in one or both eyes.
system: What is the cure for epilepsy?
output: Experts point out that there is no cure for epilepsy and that treating seizures is about controlling them. They also point out that, in children, seizures that are controlled with medication will often go away on their own.
system: Should you apply cold or heat if you have cervical disc disease?
output: Generally, the recommendation is to use ice for the first 24 to 48 hours after an injury to reduce swelling, followed by heat to loosen muscles and improve stiffness. But with cervical disc disease, neither heat nor cold is going to penetrate deeply enough to actually relieve the inflammation, so use whichever feels best. Regardless of whether you choose cold or heat, keep it on for only about 20 minutes at a time and then leave it off for at least 40 minutes. Wrap the ice or heat source in a towel -- never put it directly against your skin or you could wind up with a nasty burn.
system: How can stretching help with cervical disc disease?
output: Once you are feeling well enough and your doctor gives permission, practice stretching exercises to both relieve neck pain and improve your flexibility. It's best to perform these exercises after warming up muscles with a warm shower, bath, or towel.
system: How is the flu treated in children?
output: Your child may also have diarrhea and vomiting. Treatments for flu include fever reducers and good hydration.
system: How is the flu tested for in children?
output: If it's going around during flu season, the doctor may judge the child to have flu simply from observing the classic symptoms such as fever, listlessness, headaches, chills, body aches, sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, and cough. Several rapid diagnostic kits are now available that vary in sensitivity. The tests can be incorrect; your child may have the flu but his test may come back negative. Or, when it is not flu season, the test result can be falsely positive. Your doctor may decide not to do a flu test, because the result will not affect the way you are treated.
system: What is thyroid cancer?
output: The job of your thyroid gland is to make hormones that help your body use energy, stay warm, and control your blood pressure and heart rate. Cancer happens when healthy cells in the gland change and grow out of control.
system: How does age and gender affect risk of thyroid disease?
output: Women are three times more likely to get thyroid cancer than men. You can get it at any age. But women are often diagnosed in their 40s and 50s. Men tend to be older -- in their 60s and 70s -- when they find out they have it. And in men, thyroid cancer grows and spreads more quickly.
system: Why is thyroid cancer so common?
output: On the list of most common cancers in the United States, thyroid cancer ranks fifth, and no other cancer is being diagnosed at a faster rate. One reason for this may be better tests. They allow doctors to find thyroid tumors that were too small to see in the past.
system: Does having breast cancer increase your risk for thyroid cancer?
output: You can get it at any age. And in men, thyroid cancer grows and spreads more quickly. Other genetic problems that increase the risk of thyroid cancer include: Familial medullary thyroid cancer Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Cowden disease Iodine is a mineral found in some foods.
system: Can thyroid cancer be cured and what causes it?
output: On the list of most common cancers in the United States, thyroid cancer ranks fifth, and no other cancer is being diagnosed at a faster rate. Your chances of getting thyroid cancer are higher if your mother, father, brother, sister or child got it.
system: How is Morton's neuroma in your toes treated?
output: Arch supports that you put in your shoe can bring relief. You can buy them over-the-counter, or your doctor may prescribe one that's custom-made. If the pain keeps up, you may need steroid shots or surgery.
system: What is stiff big toe?
output: It's a type of arthritis that leads to pain and stiffness in the joint at the base of your big toe. You're more likely to get it if you're between 30 and 60.
system: What is gout and how does it affect your toes?
output: It's a common cause of pain in the toe. Your big toe is often a place where gout flares up. Besides pain, you may also get redness, swelling, and warmth in the joint.
system: How is a bone bruise in your toes treated?
output: You'll recover on your own after about 1 or 2 months. Your doctor will recommend resting and icing your toe. You can also reduce the swelling if you prop up your foot and take anti-inflammatory drugs. You may need to wear a brace. Eating foods with plenty of calcium, vitamin D, and protein can also help you heal.
system: What happens if one or more of your toes are crooked or curled under?
output: If one or more of your toes are crooked or curled under, you may have hammer, mallet, or claw toe. Your foot has a strange shape because the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that surround your toe aren't balanced. This causes the toes to bend in an odd position. Your toe may hurt. It's also common to develop a corn or callus because the joint rubs the inside of your shoe. Each condition has its own distinctive look: Hammertoe.
system: How is a broken toe treated?
output: Most of the time, you won't need surgery. To help your bone heal, the ends will have to be set in place. You may have to wear a cast, brace, or a stiff-bottomed shoe. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it. The healthy toe acts like a splint to injured one. It usually takes 1 or 2 months to heal.
system: What is a hammertoe?
output: The middle joint of your toe bends downwards. This causes your toe to rise up instead of lying flat. It usually occurs in your second, third, and fourth toes.
system: What is mallet toe?
output: Your toe bends down at the joint closest to the nail. Like hammertoe, it often happens in your second, third, and fourth toes.
system: What is a claw toe?
output: Like the name suggests, your toes make a claw shape. The joint at the base of the toe bends up, while the two other joints bend down. This causes your toe to curl and dig into the soles of your shoes.
system: How is turf toe treated?
output: Your doctor may suggest a home remedy called RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. You'll need to stay off the foot, ice the toe for 20 minutes every 4 hours, wrap it with a medical bandage, and prop up your foot to ease swelling. You may also have to wear a walking boot or stiff-soled shoe to keep from moving the toe.
system: What is a bone bruise and how does it affect your toe?
output: Broken toe. To help your bone heal, the ends will have to be set in place. Bone bruise.
system: What causes a bone bruise in your toes?
output: An injury or disease, such as osteoarthritis, can also lead to the condition. It could be that you stubbed your toe or dropped something heavy on it.
system: What causes aching toes?
output: So if your toe hurts, it can be a big deal. There are a lot of reasons you may have an aching toe. There's always the chance you stubbed it, of course, or banged it up while playing sports. But there are also problems like hammertoe or arthritis that could be to blame. Watch out for some telltale symptoms and check with your doctor to figure out the cause. The pain may get worse when you stand or walk.
system: What causes Morton's neuroma in your toes?
output: Too-tight shoes can crowd your toes, forcing them into a bent position. You can also get it if you play sports where your feet pound the ground, such as running. Wearing high-heels has also been linked to Morton's neuroma. You can get relief from symptoms if you switch to shoes with lower heels and more room for your toes. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it.
system: What causes hammer toe, mallet toe, and claw toe?
output: Too-tight shoes can crowd your toes, forcing them into a bent position. After a while, the muscles tighten and shorten. Pretty soon you can't straighten your toe. You may be more likely to get these problems because of your genes. For instance, your risk goes up if you have a certain foot shape, such as a long second toe. Some diseases, such as arthritis and diabetes, can also lead to trouble. Wearing high-heels has also been linked to Morton's neuroma.
system: What causes stiff big toe?
output: There are a lot of reasons you may have an aching toe. That puts stress on the joint. An injury or disease, such as osteoarthritis, can also lead to the condition. Your genes may also be partly to blame.
system: What causes turf toe?
output: Turf toe. You often get it when you dance or play sports like soccer or football. Stiff big toe. Arthritis can also lead to the injury.
system: What are treatments for hammer toe, mallet toe, and claw toe?
output: Wearing roomy shoes can also help. They should be at least a half-inch longer than the big toe. Your doctor may recommend wearing shoe inserts or pads to relieve some of the pressure. Over time, the bend in your toe may become permanent and rigid. These cases are more serious. You may need surgery. You'll need to stay off the foot, ice the toe for 20 minutes every 4 hours, wrap it with a medical bandage, and prop up your foot to ease swelling. If you broke one of your smaller toes, your doctor may tape the broken toe to the one next to it.
system: How can I treat a viral infection of my eye?
output: But you can't wear them all the time.
system: How do I know if I have an eye infection from wearing contact lenses?
output: Stop wearing your contact lenses immediately if you have these symptoms: Redness Swelling Extra tears or sticky, gooey stuff from your eye Blurry vision Light sensitivity Itching, burning, or a feeling that something's in your eye Eye pain Call your eye doctor as soon as possible. Some problems can be quite serious and need treatment right away to save your sight.
system: How do I get parasites in my eye?
output: Tiny one-celled animals called acanthamoeba live in water, including tap water, swimming pools, and hot tubs. They can infect your eye more easily if you're wearing contacts while you're in the water. If you wear contacts, avoid opening your eyes in a hot tub where this parasite is typically found. They're also the reason you shouldn't use water -- even distilled or bottled water -- to clean and store your contacts. Keratitis caused by these parasites is very hard to treat. You may need a cornea transplant.
system: How often do people get fungal infections in the eye?
output: It doesn't happen often, but you can get fungal infections in your eye. These can lead to blindness. They're usually treated with antifungal eyedrops or pills.
system: What can cause keratitis?
output: The herpes simplex virus -- both the kind that causes cold sores and the kind responsible for the STD -- can cause keratitis. You can transfer it if you touch an active herpes sore and then touch your eye. Viruses that cause upper respiratory infections and the chickenpox virus can also infect your cornea.
system: When should someone stop wearing contact lenses?
output: Stop wearing your contact lenses immediately if you have these symptoms: Redness Swelling Extra tears or sticky, gooey stuff from your eye Blurry vision Light sensitivity Itching, burning, or a feeling that something's in your eye Eye pain Call your eye doctor as soon as possible. Some problems can be quite serious and need treatment right away to save your sight.
system: Can I get fungal infections in my eye?
output: It doesn't happen often, but you can get fungal infections in your eye. These can lead to blindness. They're usually treated with antifungal eyedrops or pills.
system: What is the most common cold virus that affects eyes?
output: But you can't wear them all the time. It's easily spread to your eyes by your hands, and it's stubborn and hard to treat. The herpes simplex virus -- both the kind that causes cold sores and the kind responsible for the STD -- can cause keratitis.
system: What are some risks for contact lenses wearers?
output: People who wear contact lenses have a higher risk for keratitis, an infection of the cornea, the clear outer covering of your eye. They're also called corneal ulcers. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and a rare but serious eye parasite can cause keratitis. It's also easier for you to catch pinkeye, or conjunctivitis, when you wear contacts. These infections come from a bacteria or virus in the thin membrane covering the white part of your eye and the inside of your eyelids. Put them in the case, and bring them when you see your eye doctor. They can infect your eye more easily if you're wearing contacts while you're in the water.
system: What is pseudomonas aeruginosa?
output: Mild bacterial infections of the eye surface usually clear up after treatment with antibiotic eyedrops. Viruses that cause upper respiratory infections and the chickenpox virus can also infect your cornea. Keep your lens case clean.
system: Ccan a food allergy be tied to a latex allergy?
output: It's called a cross-reaction, and it only happens to some people. If you're sensitive to latex, your body reacts to certain proteins. Some of these proteins are found in foods. But if you're allergic to latex, you may want to be careful around these foods.
system: How is osteoarthritis of the spine diagnosed?
output: The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical exam to see if the person has pain, tenderness, loss of motion involving the neck or lower back, or if symptoms are suggestive, signs of nerve involvement such as weakness, reflex changes, or loss of sensation. The doctor may order certain tests to aid in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the spine. These tests include: X-rays to look for bone damage, bone spurs, and loss of cartilage or disc; however, X-rays are not able to show early damage to cartilage. Blood tests to exclude other diseases Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to show possible damage to discs or narrowing of areas where spinal nerves exit In most cases, treatment of spinal osteoarthritis is geared toward relieving the symptoms of pain and increasing a person's ability to function.
system: What are non-drug treatments for osteoarthritis?
output: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS) using a small device that emits electrical pulses onto the affected area nutritional supplements Pain medications may also be used to treat osteoarthritis.
system: What is necessary in treatment plans for osteoarthritis?
output: Including rest periods in the overall treatment plan is necessary. But bed rest, splints, bracing, or traction for long periods of time is not recommended.
system: Who gets osteoarthritis of the spine?
output: In general, osteoarthritis happens as people get older. Younger people may get it from one of several different causes: injury or trauma to a jointa genetic defect involving cartilage For people younger than age 45, osteoarthritis is more common among men. After age 45, osteoarthritis is more common among women. Osteoarthritis occurs more often among people who are overweight. It also occurs more frequently in those who have jobs or do sports that put repetitive stress on certain joints.
system: What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the spine?
output: Osteoarthritis of the spine may cause stiffness or pain in the neck or back. It may also cause weakness or numbness in the legs or arms if it is severe enough to affect spinal nerves or the spinal cord itself. Usually, the back discomfort is relieved when the person is lying down. Some people experience little interference with the activities of their lives. Others become more severely disabled. In addition to the physical effects, a person with osteoarthritis might also experience social and emotional problems. For instance, a person with osteoarthritis that hinders daily activities and job performance might feel depressed or helpless.
system: When is surgery used to treat osteoarthritis?
output: Most cases of spinal osteoarthritis can be treated without surgery, but surgery is sometimes performed.
system: How is osteoarthritis of the spine treated?
output: Blood tests to exclude other diseases Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to show possible damage to discs or narrowing of areas where spinal nerves exit In most cases, treatment of spinal osteoarthritis is geared toward relieving the symptoms of pain and increasing a person's ability to function. The goal is to have a healthy lifestyle. Initial treatment may include losing weight if needed and then, for everyone, maintaining a healthy weight. It may also include exercise. Besides helping with weight management, exercise can also help: increase flexibility improve attitude and mood strengthen the heart improve blood flow make it easier to do daily tasks Some of the exercises associated with osteoarthritis treatment include swimming, walking, and water aerobics.
system: What exercises are associated with osteoarthritis treatment?
output: Besides helping with weight management, exercise can also help: increase flexibility improve attitude and mood strengthen the heart improve blood flow make it easier to do daily tasks Some of the exercises associated with osteoarthritis treatment include swimming, walking, and water aerobics. Exercise may be broken down into the following categories: Strengthening exercises. These exercises seek to make muscles that support the joints stronger. They work through resistance with the use of weights or rubber bands. Aerobic exercises. These are exercises that make the heart and circulatory system stronger. Range-of-motion exercises. These exercises increase the body's flexibility.
system: What is osteoarthritis of the spine?
output: Sometimes, osteoarthritis produces spurs that put pressure on the nerves leaving the spinal column. This can cause weakness and pain in the arms or legs. Osteoarthritis of the spine may cause stiffness or pain in the neck or back.
system: What are other treatments for osteoarthritis?
output: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) are also available over-the-counter in certain strengths. Examples include aspirin, naproxen sodium ( Aleve), and ibuprofen ( Motrin or Advil). Topical ointments and creams are also available to treat pain. They are applied to the skin in the area that hurts, but generally, these are not effective. Examples of topical drugs include Ben- Gay and Aspercreme. Your doctor may also recommend prescription drugs to treat symptoms, as there are no medications that reverse the process. These may include prescription painkillers, mild narcotics, or injections of corticosteroids around the spinal column called epidural steroid injections. It is important to understand that these injections do not correct the underlying problem and are sometimes used without clear indication of long-term benefit.
system: What is an ankle sprain or ankle injury?
output: An unnatural twisting motion can happen when the foot is planted awkwardly, when the ground is uneven, or when an unusual amount of force is applied to the joint. Such injuries to the ligaments or tendons of the ankle happen during athletic events, while running or walking, or even doing something as simple as getting out of bed. Ankle injuries can be painful and can make it hard to carry out your daily activities. Ligaments, which provide the connection between the bones of the ankle, are injured when more than normal stretching force is applied to them.
system: When do I need follow-up care for an ankle sprain?
output: Follow-up for ankle sprains is needed only if the ankle is not healing well. This could indicate there is a previously undetected fracture or torn ligaments. Go to a doctor for follow-up care if either of the following is true. Your ankle continues to hurt after 2 weeks Any swelling persists or worsens Ankle sprain prevention can be as simple as wearing the right shoes or as complicated as balance training for athletes.
system: Will anti-inflammatories help a sprained ankle?
output: Anti-inflammatory pain medications will reduce the pain and combat the swelling. Several are available over-the-counter, such as ibuprofen ( Motrin, Advil) and naproxen ( Aleve). But check with your doctor first if you have any medical problems or take any other medicines.
system: Can ankle sprains be prevented?
output: Compression can help keep down swelling. Your ankle continues to hurt after 2 weeks Any swelling persists or worsens Ankle sprain prevention can be as simple as wearing the right shoes or as complicated as balance training for athletes. Wear the proper shoes for the activity. You should always wear stable shoes that give your ankle the proper support. High-top basketball shoes are a good choice. ( High heels or platform shoes are not the best choice if you're trying to prevent an ankle sprain.) If you are participating in a sport, you might want to consider having a weak ankle taped to offer extra support. If you have repeated sprains, wearing an ankle brace while playing may help as well. Make sure that the playing field is clear of any holes or obstacles. Check with your doctor first.
system: What are signs of an ankle fracture?
output: The following conditions suggest you might have a fracture, or you may need a splint for pain control. Severe or uncontrolled pain Foot or ankle is misshapen or extremely swollen Cannot walk without pain Severe pain when pressing over the medial or lateral malleolus, the bony bumps on each side of the ankle The doctor will check to see if a fracture or other serious injury has happened to require immediate care. But check with your doctor first if you have any medical problems or take any other medicines.
system: What causes an ankle sprain?
output: An unnatural twisting motion can happen when the foot is planted awkwardly, when the ground is uneven, or when an unusual amount of force is applied to the joint. Note it is turned inward.
system: Should I use ice on an ankle sprain?
output: Put the ankle joint at rest by wearing a brace or splint. Ice will counteract the increased blood flow to the injured area. It will reduce the swelling, redness, and warmth. Applied soon after the injury, ice will prevent much of the inflammation from happening. Compression wraps, such as Ace bandages, do not provide much support to prevent movement of the ankle, and you should not apply them tightly.