laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What causes trochanteric bursitis?
output: The hip joint is one of the largest and strongest joints in the human body. The small pouches are filled with a thick fluid and are meant to lubricate joints and protect body parts from friction. The trochanteric bursa, like other bursae, may become inflamed if the hip is overused or injured. Trochanteric bursitis affects about five of every 1,000 adults and generally occurs in middle-aged or older people, though people of any age may get the condition. Active adults who regularly walk, run, or cycle may be susceptible to trochanteric bursitis. The side of the leg includes a long piece of connective tissue called the iliotibial band ( ITB), which runs from the hip to the knee. If the ITB is tight from hard use, it may rub against the trochanteric bursa and cause irritation, leading to bursitis.
system: What types of vaginal estrogen treat vaginal dryness?
output: Most women use one of three types of vaginal estrogen: Ring ( Estring): You or your doctor inserts this soft, flexible ring into your vagina where it releases a steady stream of estrogen directly to the tissues. The ring is replaced every 3 months. Tablet ( Vagifem): You use a disposable applicator to put a tablet into your vagina once a day for the first two weeks of treatment. Then you do it twice a week until you no longer need it. Cream ( Estrace, Premarin): You use an applicator to get the cream into your vagina. You'll typically apply the cream daily for 1 to 2 weeks, then cut back to one to three times a week as directed by your doctor.
system: What are other causes of vaginal dryness?
output: Estrogen levels can also drop because of: Childbirth and breastfeeding Radiation or chemotherapy treatment for cancer Surgical removal of the ovaries Anti-estrogen medications used to treat uterine fibroids or endometriosis Other causes of vaginal dryness include: SjÃ¶gren's syndrome (an autoimmune disorder that attacks cells in the body that produce moisture) Allergy and cold medications Certain antidepressants Douching Not enough foreplay before sex No matter what the cause, vaginal dryness can be extremely uncomfortable. It can lead to itching, burning, and painful intercourse.
system: What should I avoid to prevent vaginal dryness?
output: Avoid using douches, bubble baths, scented soaps, and lotions around the sensitive vaginal area. These products can worsen dryness.
system: How is vaginal dryness diagnosed?
output: Any burning, itching, or discomfort in the area is worth a call to your doctor or gynecologist. They'll ask about your past health and find out how long you've had symptoms and what seems to make them worse or better. Your doctor will do a pelvic exam, checking your vagina for any thinning or redness. The exam will help rule out other possible causes for your discomfort, including a vaginal or urinary tract infection. The doctor may also remove cells from your vaginal wall or cervix for a Pap test.
system: What should you know about vaginal dryness?
output: It can happen at any age from a number of different causes. It may seem like a minor irritation. But the lack of vaginal moisture can have a huge impact on your sex life. Fortunately, several treatments are available to relieve vaginal dryness. Vaginal dryness is common symptom of menopause -- and close to one out of every three women deals with it while going through "the change." It becomes even more common afterward.
system: How can you protect yourself from outside noise if you have tinnitus?
output: Here are some ways to protect yourself from our noisy world: Keep music at 60% of full volume or lower when using earbuds. Don't listen for more than 60 minutes at one time. Wear ear plugs at concerts, loud restaurants, or other loud events. If you can't hear someone standing an arm's length away, it's loud enough to cause hearing damage and make tinnitus worse. Use ear plugs or earmuffs when cutting the grass, using power tools, or using snow or leaf blowers. Always use ear protection in a noisy workplace.
system: What can make tinnitus worse?
output: Some people report that certain foods, drinks, or drugs can make their symptoms worse. Not everyone is affected the same way, so try to avoid triggers one at a time and keep a written log. You may not need to avoid every possible trigger. Instead, notice which things affect your symptoms.
system: What are triggers of tinnitus?
output: Some possible triggers include: Drinks with caffeine such as cola, coffee, tea, and energy drinks Alcohol Aspirin Salt Kick the habit, if you smoke.
system: How can relaxation help tinnitus?
output: Plan time to relax every day. It's normal to feel anxious and annoyed when you first develop tinnitus or when it flares up. But stress and worry can make your symptoms worse. Try different ways to relax until you find what works best for you. Even 15 minutes of deep relaxation can ease stress and improve your mood.
system: What are good sleep habits to help tinnitus?
output: Practice good sleep habits for more restful sleep: Make your bedroom dark and cool. Use a fan or white-noise machine if your bedroom is too quiet. Set aside 7 to 9 hours for sleep at night. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Develop a bedtime routine, such as taking a relaxing warm bath right before bedtime. Make sure your bed and pillows are comfortable and supportive. Avoid exercise, food, and alcohol 2 to 3 hours before going to sleep.
system: How can you cope with tinnitus?
output: Tinnitus may bother you more when it's quiet. Follow these suggestions: Try not to notice the ringing or buzzing. Keep yourself distracted with work and favorite activities. Learn which coping techniques work for you and practice them regularly. Over time, you may find that you get used to tinnitus, and the sounds in your head no longer bother you.
system: How does smoking affect tinnitus?
output: It harms blood flow to the sensitive nerve cells that control your hearing. It also acts as a stimulant in your body. This can make the ringing in your ears sound louder. But stress and worry can make your symptoms worse.
system: How can joining a support group help tinnitus?
output: It may seem hard to believe, but learning to ignore your tinnitus can help you cope with it. Learn which coping techniques work for you and practice them regularly.
system: Can sleep apnea cause bed-wetting in kids?
output: Bed-wetting in children may also be caused by sleep apnea. Although immaturity of the bladder or other medical conditions are more common, the possibility of sleep apnea must be considered when a child is being evaluated for bed-wetting problems.
system: What might it mean if your child continues to wet the bed past age 6?
output: Children who continue to wet the bed beyond age 6 may not be producing enough ADH hormone at appropriate times, or may not yet be attuned to their bodies' signals, or both.
system: How common is bedwetting in kids?
output: About 5 to 7 million children over age 6 regularly wet their bed. Most children do not need bed-wetting treatment and outgrow it. Although immaturity of the bladder or other medical conditions are more common, the possibility of sleep apnea must be considered when a child is being evaluated for bed-wetting problems. Parents should consider treatment for bed-wetting if their child is still wetting the bed between ages 6 and 7, according to the National Enuresis Society -- or sooner if the child seems troubled by bed-wetting.
system: What is step 2 in a laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy?
output: Your surgeon will carefully free the colon in sections, starting with the rectum and sigmoid colon, and finishing with the ascending (right) colon. He will also cut and close the main blood vessels (arteries) that supply blood to the colon throughout the surgery. During the procedure, the surgeon will use a paddle-like instrument to hold loops of the intestine up and out of the way. When the entire large intestine is freed, the surgeon will free the right colon from the ileum. Then he'll identify the part of the ileum that he will join with the rectum. Finally, your surgeon will pass a snare-like instrument over the colon to make sure that all of the attachments to the tissue have been cut. This tool is designed to hold a wire loop, which the surgeon tightens around any remaining tissue growths to remove them. Once this is complete, he will make one of the surgical cuts bigger and pull the colon out of the abdominal cavity.
system: What is a laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy?
output: Doctors use it to help treat conditions including: Inflammatory conditions of the intestine, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis Familial polyposis, an inherited (hereditary) condition in which hundreds to thousands of polyps (small growths) form along all of the large intestine The term "laparoscopic" refers to a type of surgery called laparoscopy, which lets the surgeon do the operation through very small cuts in the abdomen. They use a laparoscope, which is a tool with a small camera on it, to see inside you. When the entire large intestine is freed, the surgeon will free the right colon from the ileum.
system: What is the recovery like after a laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy?
output: He will also cut and close the main blood vessels (arteries) that supply blood to the colon throughout the surgery. After surgery, your doctor will encourage you to boost your activity level steadily once you are home. If you are fit and did regular exercise before surgery, you may resume exercising when you feel comfortable and your doctor approves. However, you should avoid strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, and abdominal exercises such as sit-ups for 6 weeks after surgery. When you go home, your doctor will probably recommend a âsoftâ diet, which means you can eat almost everything except raw fruits and vegetables. You should continue this diet until your post-surgical checkup. If the diet makes you constipated, call your doctor's office for advice.
system: How will your doctor check aneurysm?
output: To figure out if what you're feeling is an aneurysm, your doctor will ask you questions, including whether another member of your family has had one. Then, she'll give you a complete exam, during which she'll: Listen to your heart Check your blood pressure Listen to the arteries in your neck Feel your abdomen for a mass If your doctor thinks you have an aneurysm in your aorta, the main artery in your body, you may get an ultrasound test so she can see if there is one.
system: What if surgery can't repair an aneurysm?
output: For inoperable aneurysms, you may be prescribed drugs to lower your blood pressure or ease the force of your heart's beating. Your chance of it bursting will go down.
system: How can you prevent aneurysm?
output: The most important thing you can do to prevent aneurysms is to control your blood pressure. If you have a family history of stroke or heart disease, make changes in your diet and lifestyle to improve your health. Exercise regularly. Watch what you eat. If you smoke, stop.
system: How can surgery help with treating aneurysm?
output: An MRI can also be used to check your aorta or blood vessels in your brain. A surgeon can treat it by inserting a clip that cuts off blood flow to the affected area.
system: How is an aneurysm treated?
output: The only way to get rid of an aneurysm is to have it repaired with surgery or an endovascular procedure. Even for an operable aneurysm, your doctor may first try medication and a wait-and-see approach, with tests every now and then to track its growth.
system: What are complications related to obstructive sleep apnea?
output: Increasing evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnea is strongly associated with conditions such as high blood pressure (hypertension), stroke, heart attack, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nocturnal angina, heart failure, hypothyroidism, and an abnormal heart rhythm. About half of sleep-apnea patients have hypertension, and untreated obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of heart-related illness and death. In addition, obstructive sleep apnea is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, which increases the risk for motor vehicle accidents and depression. Some complications may be related to the release of stress hormones, which may be triggered by frequent decreases in blood oxygen levels and reduced sleep quality. Stress hormones can increase heart rate and also can lead to the development or worsening of heart failure.
system: Who is most likely to get obstructive sleep apnea?
output: In middle-aged adults, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is estimated to be 4%-9%, although the condition is often undiagnosed and untreated. Among people over age 65, it's estimated that at least 10% have the condition. Aging affects the brain's ability to keep upper airway throat muscles stiff during sleep, increasing the likelihood that the airway will narrow or collapse. Obstructive sleep apnea is up to four times as common in men as in women, but women are more likely to develop sleep apnea during pregnancy and after menopause. In older adults, the gender gap narrows after women reach menopause.
system: What are other risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?
output: In addition to obesity, other anatomical features associated with obstructive sleep apnea -- many of them hereditary -- include a narrow throat, thick neck, and round head. Contributing factors may include hypothyroidism, excessive and abnormal growth due to excessive production of growth hormone (acromegaly), and allergies and other medical conditions such as a deviated septum that cause congestion in the upper airways. In adults, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and/or the use of sedatives is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
system: What are the medical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea?
output: Medical treatment -- which includes control of risk factors, use of continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP) or oral appliances, and surgery -- may improve signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea and its complications.
system: What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children?
output: In children, causes of obstructive sleep apnea often include enlarged tonsils or adenoids and dental conditions such as a large overbite. Less common causes include a tumor or growth in the airway, and birth defects such as Down syndrome and Pierre- Robin syndrome. Down Syndrome causes enlargement of the tongue, adenoids and tonsils and there is decreased muscle tone in the upper airway. Pierre- Robin syndrome actually has a small lower jaw and the tongue tends to ball up and fall to the back of the throat. Although childhood obesity may cause obstructive sleep apnea, it's much less commonly associated with the condition than adult obesity.
system: Who is least likely to get obstructive sleep apnea?
output: Postmenopausal women who receive hormone replacement therapy are significantly less likely than those who don't to develop obstructive sleep apnea, suggesting that progesterone and/or estrogen may be protective. But hormone replacement therapy is not considered to be an appropriate therapy for the condition, because it can affect health in other ways.
system: What can untreated obstructive sleep apnea lead to?
output: Regardless of age, untreated obstructive sleep apnea can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular disease, accidents, and premature death. So it's important that anyone with signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea -- especially loud snoring and repeated nighttime awakenings followed by excessive daytime sleepiness -- receive appropriate medical evaluation.
system: How are obstructive sleep apnea and being overweight connected?
output: More than half of people with obstructive sleep apnea are either overweight or obese, which is defined as a body mass index ( BMI) of 25-29.9 or 30.0 or above, respectively. In adults, excess weight is the strongest risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Although modest weight loss improves obstructive sleep apnea, it can be difficult for fatigued and sleepy patients to lose weight. In extremely obese patients, bariatric surgery is associated with an 85% success rate in improving the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
system: What are other factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
output: But many other factors also are associated with the condition in adults. About 25%-40% of people with obstructive sleep apnea have family members with the condition, which may reflect an inherited tendency toward anatomical abnormalities. Ethnicity. Sleep apnea also is more common in African- Americans, Hispanics, and Pacific Islanders than in whites.
system: What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in adults?
output: During sleep, when throat and tongue muscles are more relaxed, this soft tissue can cause the airway to become blocked. But many other factors also are associated with the condition in adults. In adults, excess weight is the strongest risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
system: What is obstructive sleep apnea?
output: Sleep apnea has many different possible causes. In this syndrome, which affects up to 25% of the extremely obese, excess body fat not only interferes with chest movement but also compresses the lungs to cause shallow, inefficient breathing throughout the day and night. Obstructive sleep apnea is up to four times as common in men as in women, but women are more likely to develop sleep apnea during pregnancy and after menopause.
system: How is plantar fasciitis diagnosed?
output: With the right treatment, this condition usually goes away in several months. To speed up your recovery and rule out other injuries, you may want to see your doctor. This could be something like a broken bone or pinched nerve. There are a few options your doctor could try to ease your pain and reduce inflammation in your foot.
system: What are options to ease your pain if you have plantar fasciitis?
output: There are a few options your doctor could try to ease your pain and reduce inflammation in your foot. She might even recommend you try a few therapies at the same time. These include: Medication . These options include: Shock-wave therapy. This literally âshocksâ your plantar fascia with sound waves. It also stuns your nerves to stop pain. Tenex procedure. An ultrasound is used to target and remove scar tissue. Surgery. This operation takes your plantar fascia off of your heel bone. Surgery is usually the last resort if you have severe pain or a stubborn injury that other treatments don't help.
system: What is mitral valve regurgitation?
output: Mitral valve regurgitation, when some of your blood flows the wrong way through a valve in your heart, doesn't have to slow you down. This is especially true if you have a mild case of it. There are lots of ways to help you or a loved one manage the condition and stay as healthy as possible. They include exercise, eating well, support groups, and regular doctor's visits, among other things. Some people may need surgery, while lifestyle changes or medications are best for others.
system: How can lifestyle choices help manage mitral valve regurgitation?
output: Mitral valve regurgitation, when some of your blood flows the wrong way through a valve in your heart, doesn't have to slow you down. Exercise: It plays a big role in managing many types of heart disease. You'll need to talk to your doctor about what kinds of physical activity are safest for you. It can trigger a heart attack or chest pain in some people. Medication (prescribed by a doctor), exercise, and relaxation therapy are a few ways to reduce tension. Smoking: It increases your risk for heart attacks and makes regurgitation worse. If you are a smoker and have trouble stopping, talk to your doctor about ways you can break the habit.
system: How is mitral valve regurgitation diagnosed?
output: Mitral valve regurgitation, when some of your blood flows the wrong way through a valve in your heart, doesn't have to slow you down. Your doctor has several ways to get a better idea of how your condition has progressed: Exercise stress test, in which you are monitored while on a treadmill Chest X-ray CT scan, which uses many X-ray images to create a picture of your heart Echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to make an image of the beating heart, similar to an ultrasound test Cardiac catheterization, in which a thin, flexible tube is guided from a blood vessel to your heart so the doctor can do tests You may get follow-up tests from time to time, depending on your case.
system: How can you tell if you have treatment-resistant depression?
output: Has your treatment helped a bit, but you still don't feel like your old self? Have the side effects of your medication been hard to handle? If the answer is yes to any of these, you need to see your doctor. Whether or not you actually have treatment-resistant depression, you need expert help.
system: Who should you see if you think you might have treatment-resistant depression?
output: Although a primary care doctor can treat depression (research suggests that 60%-65% of antidepressants are prescribed by primary care physicians), it may be best to see a specialist, like a psychiatrist, if you think you may have treatment-resistant depression. It's a good idea to also work with a therapist, like a psychologist or social worker, because the best treatment is often a combination of medicine and therapy.
system: What should you know about treatment-resistant depression?
output: Does it help a bit, but you still don't feel as if the darkness has lifted? Perhaps you feel the treatment isn't working at all. If so, you could have treatment-resistant depression, also called refractory depression. Unfortunately, depression treatments don't always work. As many as two-thirds of people with depression aren't helped by the first antidepressant they try. Up to a third don't respond to several attempts at treatment. Treatment-resistant depression ( TRD) can leave you feeling hopeless and discouraged. Months or even years can go by without any relief. And after the effort it took to get help, it can be demoralizing when you're just not getting better. But if your depression treatment isn't working, don't give up. Many people can get their treatment-resistant depression under control. You and your doctor just need to find the right approach. This might include different drugs, therapy, and other treatments.
system: What are considerations when getting help for treatment-resistant depression?
output: You may wonder why some people do so well with the first medication they try, while you continue to suffer. Experts don't know for sure, but we do know that not all depressions are the same across every sufferer. Evidence also suggests that people who have especially severe depression or long-term depression may be harder to treat.
system: How do medications work to help with treatment-resistant depression?
output: Different antidepressants work in different ways to affect specific chemicals (neurotransmitters) that transmit information along brain circuits that regulate mood. If your current medicine isn't helping - or isn't helping enough - other drugs might. There are two basic approaches: Switching medicines.