laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How does someone take extra good care of themselves after an organ transplant?
output: You should: Wash your hands often. Hand washing is an excellent way to reduce exposure to germs. It's especially important before you eat. Avoid people who are sick. It's best to limit contact with anyone who has a cold or any other infection like measles or chicken pox. Stay out of crowded areas. For example, avoid malls and movie theaters. Don't take care of pets. Pets carry germs, so limit your exposure to them. You don't have to kick them out of the house. Instead, look at this as an excuse to make your spouse or kids clean out the litter box for a change. Don't garden. Some dangerous bacteria live in the soil. So let your garden go wild for a few months. Or hire someone to do the weeding for you. Brush and floss daily. Both help keep your mouth free of infections. Have your teeth cleaned regularly. Don't ignore cuts or scratches. Clean them and put on a bandage. Get in touch with your health care provider if you have any signs of infection. Practice very safe sex . Sexually transmitted diseases such as herpes can be a problem for anyone. But they can be dangerous for people who have had an organ transplant. Condoms may not be enough to fully protect you. Even saliva can expose you to colds and viruses. So be careful. Ask your health care provider about what's safe in your case. Living in the country poses different risks, such as exposure to farm animals or potentially unsafe well water, Friedman says. It could be more.
system: How can living in certain areas present risks to immunosuppression after an organ transplant?
output: Obviously, specific recommendations depend on your health and situation. Where you live can even make a difference. Ask your health care adviser for recommendations.
system: What can I eat if I have hypothyroidism?
output: Calcium and vitamin D supplements can keep hypoparathyroidism in check. A healthy diet helps, too. Your doctor may tell you to: Limit foods with phosphates, like soda and other fizzy drinks. These can pull calcium from your bones. Eat foods high in calcium such as low-fat dairy products, dark green vegetables like collard greens and kale, and foods with added calcium like some cereals and orange juices.
system: What things can trigger hypoparathyroidism?
output: Several things can trigger hypoparathyroidism. They include: Injury or removal of the glands during surgery Autoimmune diseases Radiation therapy to your neck or head Low levels of magnesium Genetic disorders Some of the symptoms of low blood calcium are: Muscle cramps or spasms in your legs, feet, lower back, or face Tingling in your fingers, toes, or lips Anxiety and depression Heart failure An irregular heartbeat Low blood pressure Seizures Low calcium in the long term can lead to: Cataracts Dental problems Movement disorders like tremors Hair loss and brittle nails Your doctor will test your blood and your urine for calcium, PTH, phosphorus, and magnesium.
system: What foods and beverages may sulfites be added to?
output: Sulfites may be added to foods and beverages such as: Apple cider and other types of cider Avocado dip Beer and wine Condiments, jams, gravies, and molasses Dried fruits and vegetables Fruit and vegetable juices Peeled potatoes (including french fries) Pickled meats and vegetables Restaurant food and other prepared foods Shrimp and shellfish Sulfites may also occur naturally in foods such as: Asparagus Chives Corn starch Eggs Fish, such as salmon and dried cod Garlic Leeks Lettuce Maple syrup Onions Soy Tomatoes According to federal law, sulfites cannot be added to foods that are intended to be eaten raw, such as fruits and vegetables.
system: In what foods and beverages may sulfites occur naturally?
output: Sulfites may be added to foods and beverages such as: Apple cider and other types of cider Avocado dip Beer and wine Condiments, jams, gravies, and molasses Dried fruits and vegetables Fruit and vegetable juices Peeled potatoes (including french fries) Pickled meats and vegetables Restaurant food and other prepared foods Shrimp and shellfish Sulfites may also occur naturally in foods such as: Asparagus Chives Corn starch Eggs Fish, such as salmon and dried cod Garlic Leeks Lettuce Maple syrup Onions Soy Tomatoes According to federal law, sulfites cannot be added to foods that are intended to be eaten raw, such as fruits and vegetables.
system: What can happen if I have asthma and a sulfite allergy?
output: Unfortunately, 5%-10% of people with asthma are also allergic to sulfites. An allergy is an increased sensitivity to a specific substance (called an allergen). The combination of asthma and sulfites can be dangerous. If you have asthma and sulfite allergy, eating foods or taking drugs that contain sulfites can even be life-threatening. "
system: What are sulfites?
output: Sulfites are a common additive in many foods and drugs. Sulfites" is the general name for six specific substances: Sulfur dioxide Sodium sulfite Sodium bisulfite Sodium metabisulfite Potassium bisulfite Potassium metabisulfite As additives, sulfites do many things: They can prevent spoilage and preserve foods -- and certain beverages -- by preventing the growth of mold and bacteria, for example. This can be tough, especially since sulfites are in many foods and drugs.
system: What are symptoms of a sulfites allergy?
output: The combination of asthma and sulfites can be dangerous. Symptoms of a sulfite allergy include: Hives and itchiness Upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting Trouble swallowing Flushing Dizziness Drop in blood pressure Trouble breathing The combination of asthma and sulfites can be life-threatening because it can lead to anaphylactic shock.
system: How do osmotic laxatives treat constipation that comes from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: These pull water back into your colon, which softens your stool so it's easier to get it out of your body. They are fairly safe to take for long-lasting constipation. Just make sure you drink plenty of water when you take them to avoid getting dehydrated.
system: Do stimulant laxatives have side effects?
output: Side effects can include diarrhea, upset stomach, vomiting, and stomach cramping.
system: Where can you buy stimulant laxatives?
output: You can buy many brands over the counter at the pharmacy.
system: Can osmotic laxatives cause problems for people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: Osmotic laxatives can cause problems for some people, like bloating, diarrhea, and dehydration. In rare cases, some of them may lead to kidney or heart disease. These laxatives include milk of magnesia, magnesium citrate, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, and lactulose. You can buy many brands over the counter at the pharmacy.
system: Is fiber a good way to treat constipation that comes from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: But some people may need more help from bulk-forming laxatives. They add soluble fiber to your stool, which makes it easier to pass by absorbing more water in your intestines. Make sure you drink plenty of water when you take one, though. These laxatives include methylcellulose ( Citrucel), polycarbophil ( Fiber Con), and psyllium ( Metamucil). These pull water back into your colon, which softens your stool so it's easier to get it out of your body. When you take them for a long time, your body can get used to them so that they won't work for you anymore. Talk with your doctor before you take a laxative to see if it will help with your symptoms.
system: Do laxatives relieve constipation for people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: Many people with irritable bowel syndrome turn to laxatives to relieve constipation. Laxatives do ease constipation and help you have more regular bowel movements. There's no proof they relieve stomach aches, bloating, and other problems that come with IBS, though. Researchers haven't done enough of the right kinds of scientific studies to know exactly how well they work. They are fairly safe to take for long-lasting constipation. Talk with your doctor before you take a laxative to see if it will help with your symptoms.
system: Should I talk to my doctor before I take a laxative?
output: There's no proof they relieve stomach aches, bloating, and other problems that come with IBS, though. If you're thinking about taking one, talk with your doctor first.
system: What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
output: In this inherited liver disease an important liver protein known as alpha-1 antitrypsin is either lacking or exists in lower than normal levels in the blood. People with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are able to produce this protein; however, the disease prevents it from entering the bloodstream and it instead accumulates in the liver.
system: How can cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) help treat anxiety?
output: In CBT, a therapist helps you identify negative thoughts (including anxious ones) and replace them with healthier, more realistic ones. Some sessions may include outings or social events. You may decide to see a therapist on your own and also go to a group, along with using other treatments for anxiety, such as medication.
system: What should I do if I'm concerned about how my anxiety support group is going?
output: If you have concerns about how your group is going, you may want to privately talk to the therapist who leads it to see if they can change how things are done. Or you may want to try another group or one-on-one therapy.
system: What should I ask about a support group before I join?
output: Before you join, it can help to ask the organizer or therapist running the group these questions: Is this group open or closed? Can people join at any time, or does everyone begin together and meet for a set period of time (for example, 12 weeks)? How many people are in the group? Do all the members have anxiety?
system: How can group therapy help anxiety?
output: Group therapy is one way to make those connections as part of your treatment. The goal is to learn about yourself and find new ways to ease your anxious feelings.
system: How is viral pneumonia spread?
output: Viruses that cause pneumonia travel through the air in droplets of fluid after someone sneezes or coughs. These fluids can get into your body through your nose or mouth. You can also get viral pneumonia after touching a virus-laden doorknob or keyboard, then touching your mouth or nose.
system: How do you diagnose viral pneumonia?
output: Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs, and it can keep you in bed feeling very sick. If you have mild symptoms, your doctor may suggest blood tests or a chest X-ray. If your symptoms are serious, and you are 65 or older (or an infant or young child), the doctor might recommend collecting fluids. She or he may also put a camera down your throat to check your airways.
system: For how long are people with swine flu contagious?
output: People who have it can spread it one day before they have any symptoms and as many as 7 days after they get sick. Kids can be contagious for as long as 10 days.
system: What are the symptoms of swine flu?
output: These, too, are pretty much the same as seasonal flu. They can include: Cough Fever Sore throat Stuffy or runny nose Body aches Headache Chills Fatigue Like the regular flu, swine flu can lead to more serious problems including pneumonia, a lung infection, and other breathing problems. And it can make an illness like diabetes or asthma worse. If you have symptoms like shortness of breath, severe vomiting, pain in your belly or sides, dizziness, or confusion, call your doctor or 911 right away.
system: How does a doctor test for swine flu?
output: To test for swine flu, your doctor runs a swab -- a bigger version of the ones in your bathroom -- up the inside of your nose around the back of your throat. But the test isn't as common or widespread as those for regular flu.
system: How can I prevent getting swine flu?
output: Besides a flu shot, there are other things you can do to stay healthy: Wash your hands throughout the day with soap and water. Sing the " Happy Birthday" song twice to make sure you've washed long enough. Or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Don't touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Avoid people who are sick.
system: Can you get a test for swine flu?
output: If you have swine flu, you may be more likely to feel sick and your stomach and throw up than with regular flu. Antibiotics won't do anything for you.
system: How is swine flu treated?
output: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), and zanamivir ( Relenza) seem to work best, although some kinds of swine flu don't respond to oseltamivir. These drugs can help you get well faster. They can also make you feel better. They work best when you take them within 48 hours of the first flu symptoms, but they can help even if you get them later on. The same flu vaccine that protects against seasonal flu also protects against the H1 N1 swine flu strain.
system: Why is swine flu called swine flu?
output: That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn't been near pigs. Without one it's hard to tell whether you have swine flu or seasonal flu, because most symptoms are the same. The same flu vaccine that protects against seasonal flu also protects against the H1 N1 swine flu strain.
system: Should people still be cautious about the swine flu?
output: Like seasonal flu, it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best bet is to get a flu vaccine, or flu shot, every year. Swine flu is one of the viruses included in the vaccine. You can get it as a shot or as a nasal spray.
system: Is the swine flu a pandemic?
output: It's called swine flu because in the past, the people who caught it had direct contact with pigs. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu, but not as many.
system: What can I do to help treat my depression at home?
output: Monitor your mood. Whether your social network stems from your spouse, family members, close friends, co-workers, religious organizations, or community groups, support is available. Stick with the prescribed treatment. Develop good habits. Don't ignore side effects. See if there's any way to minimize or eliminate them. Let your doctor know if you are prescribed other medicines by another health care professional. Never stop taking your depression medicine without your doctor's permission.
system: How can protective eyewear help prevent injuries to your child during sports?
output: It's a good idea for any kid who's into: Baseball/softball Basketball Soccer Hockey Tennis Karate Racquetball Your child may not want to use protective eyewear at first, especially if he's the only one on the team who has it. But you can help. Let him pick out the eye gear, so he's in charge of style. Or lead by example and wear the gear yourself when you play sports.
system: What are some tips for getting new glasses for your child?
output: Fit the frames: They shouldn't pinch his ears or nose, or weigh down his face. Get the prescription right: If your child looks over the tops of his glasses or complains that he can't see with them, his prescription may be wrong. Go back to your optician or eye doctor and get it checked out. Start slowly: Have him wear the glasses for short periods of time while he sits down at the beginning. Encourage him to put them on in the morning when he gets dressed and take them off at night before he goes to bed.
system: What typically causes dissociative identity disorder?
output: While the causes of dissociative identity disorder are still vague, research indicates that it is likely a psychological response to interpersonal and environmental stresses, particularly during early childhood years when emotional neglect or abuse may interfere with personality development.
system: What other psychiatric illnesses might occur with DID?
output: Along with the dissociation and multiple or split personalities, people with dissociative disorders may experience a number of other psychiatric problems, including symptoms: Depression Mood swings Suicidal tendencies Sleep disorders (insomnia, night terrors, and sleep walking) Anxiety, panic attacks, and phobias (flashbacks, reactions to stimuli or "triggers") Alcohol and drug abuse Compulsions and rituals Psychotic-like symptoms (including auditory and visual hallucinations) Eating disorders Famous people with dissociative identity disorder include singer Lady Gaga, comedienne Roseanne Barr, Adam Duritz, and retired NFL star Herschel Walker.
system: What roles do the different personalities play in dissociative identity disorder?
output: The distinct personalities may serve diverse roles in helping the individual cope with life's dilemmas. For instance, there's an average of two to four personalities present when the patient is initially diagnosed. Then there's an average of 13 to 15 personalities that can become known over the course of treatment. While unusual, there have been instances of dissociative identity disorder with more than 100 personalities. Environmental triggers or life events cause a sudden shift from one alter or personality to another.
system: What is dissociative identity disorder?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Dissociative identity disorder is a severe form of dissociation, a mental process which produces a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity. Dissociative identity disorder is thought to stem from a combination of factors that may include trauma experienced by the person with the disorder. The dissociative aspect is thought to be a coping mechanism -- the person literally shuts off or dissociates himself from a situation or experience that's too violent, traumatic, or painful to assimilate with his conscious self.
system: How is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed?
output: Making the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder takes time. It's estimated that individuals with dissociative disorders have spent seven years in the mental health system prior to accurate diagnosis. This is common, because the list of symptoms that cause a person with a dissociative disorder to seek treatment is very similar to those of many other psychiatric diagnoses. In fact, many people who have dissociative disorders also have coexisting diagnoses of borderline or other personality disorders, depression, and anxiety.
system: What is identity confusion or identity alteration in dissociative identity disorder?
output: Identity confusion or identity alteration. Both of these involve a sense of confusion about who a person is. An example of identity confusion is when a person has trouble defining the things that interest them in life, or their political or religious or social viewpoints, or their sexual orientation, or their professional ambitions. In addition to these apparent alterations, the person may experience distortions in time, place, and situation.
system: How can dissociated states affect daily life for someone with dissociative identity disorder?
output: It is now acknowledged that these dissociated states are not fully mature personalities, but rather they represent a disjointed sense of identity. With the amnesia typically associated with dissociative identity disorder, different identity states remember different aspects of autobiographical information. There is usually a "host" personality within the individual, who identifies with the person's real name. Ironically, the host personality is usually unaware of the presence of other personalities.
system: What are the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder?
output: Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct or split identities or personality states that continually have power over the person's behavior. With dissociative identity disorder, there's also an inability to recall key personal information that is too far-reaching to be explained as mere forgetfulness. With dissociative identity disorder, there are also highly distinct memory variations, which fluctuate with the person's split personality. The "alters" or different identities have their own age, sex, or race. Each has his or her own postures, gestures, and distinct way of talking. Sometimes the alters are imaginary people; sometimes they are animals. As each personality reveals itself and controls the individuals' behavior and thoughts, it's called "switching." Switching can take seconds to minutes to days. When under hypnosis, the person's different "alters" or identities may be very responsive to the therapist's requests.
system: How can amnesia happen in dissociative identity disorder?
output: This is the failure to recall significant personal information that is so extensive it cannot be blamed on ordinary forgetfulness. There can also be micro-amnesias where the discussion engaged in is not remembered, or the content of a meaningful conversation is forgotten from one second to the next.
system: What's the treatment plan for dissociative identity disorder?
output: Effective treatment includes: Psychotherapy: Also called talk therapy, the therapy is designed to work through whatever triggered and triggers the DID. The goal is to help âfuseâ the separate personality traits into one consolidated personality that can control the triggers. This therapy often includes involving family members in the therapy. Hypnotherapy. Used in conjunction with psychotherapy, clinical hypnosis can be used to help access repressed memories, control some of the problematic behaviors which accompany DID as well as help integrate the personalities into one. Adjunctive therapy . Therapies such as art or movement therapy have been shown to help people connect with parts of their mind that they have shut off to cope with trauma. There are no established medication treatments for dissociative identity disorder, making psychologically-based approaches the mainstay of therapy. Treatment of co-occurring disorders, such as depression or substance use disorders, is fundamental to overall improvement. Because the symptoms of dissociative disorders often occur with other disorders, such as anxiety and depression, medicines to treat those co-occurring problems, if present, are sometimes used in addition to psychotherapy.
system: What is the criteria used to diagnose dissociative identity disorder?
output: The DSM-5 provides the following criteria to diagnose dissociative identity disorder: Two or more distinct identities or personality states are present, each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self. Amnesia must occur, defined as gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic events. The person must be distressed by the disorder or have trouble functioning in one or more major life areas because of the disorder. The disturbance is not part of normal cultural or religious practices. The symptoms cannot be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (such as blackouts or chaotic behavior during alcohol intoxication) or a general medical condition (such as complex partial seizures).
system: How common is dissociative identity disorder?
output: Studies indicate DID affects about 1% of the population. As an example, someone with dissociative identity disorder may find themselves doing things they wouldn't normally do, such as speeding, reckless driving, or stealing money from their employer or friend, yet they feel they are being compelled to do it.