laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What can you do to avoid germs if you have cystic fibrosis (CF)?
output: Frequently wash your hands with soap and water. Clean and disinfect your medical equipment properly. Don't share items that come into contact with saliva (straws or utensils) with other people -- even family. Avoid contact with dust or dirt. Stay current on your vaccines, including the flu vaccine, and ask family and friends to do the same. Stay at least 6 feet away from anyone who's sick.
system: How can infections from germs affect your cystic fibrosis (CF)?
output: This can put you at risk for lung infections, which affect how well your lungs work. They can also cause lung disease to get worse. Exercise helps clear mucus out of your lungs. If you go to the gym, take steps to avoid germs.
system: Is it helpful to visualize my route before I drive with multiple sclerosis?
output: It might help to visualize your route before you go. Think about the roads you'll take and the things you usually see like traffic lights, houses, bridges, or shopping centers. Think about where you'll have to turn and what the streets look like. That can help you avoid getting confused or lost along the way.
system: Will I need special equipment to help me drive if I have multiple sclerosis?
output: Though you may have a few challenges as a driver, that doesn't mean you won't be allowed to do it at all, so don't be afraid to get an evaluation. Many people just need special equipment for the car to help them drive better. It's also a good idea to get checked before you buy a new car so you know what kind of vehicle or gear you might need ahead of time. One of the most common car modifications is a way to control the gas and brake with your hands. But there are other options, such as: Knobs or handles to help you steer Wider or larger mirrors Special seats to help you get in and out Lifts for stowing your other gear Ramps or lifts to accommodate a wheelchair You'll need some training to learn how to use this equipment, and you'll have to take a road test after you learn. Whether or not you need special equipment to drive, knowing how MS affects you can help you plan out your trips.
system: What are certain tips to help drive more safely with multiple sclerosis?
output: A few other tips for safer driving include: Avoid driving if you're sick or run down. Other illnesses can make your MS symptoms worse. Cut down on distractions. Turn off your phone and radio, and tell others in the car to keep conversation light or just enjoy the ride. Try not to drive when you know there will be heavy traffic. Avoid driving in bad weather.
system: How can I use a GPS when I drive with multiple sclerosis?
output: Some people with MS find it hard to program a GPS system or listen to one announce directions. So try the old-school method: Write directions down before you get in the car. It can help you remember them and make it easier for you to check them in case you get lost and have to pull over.
system: What will the driver rehabilitation specialist examine to see if multiple sclerosis is affecting my driving?
output: The office test will review your health and driving history. The specialist will go over: Your medical history Your driving record How MS affects things you do every day, like getting dressed or bathing Your strength and coordination Your vision How fast your brain sorts information Your memory If things go well on the office test, then you'll have a road test.
system: What will a road test examine to see if I can drive with multiple sclerosis?
output: The specialist will go over: Your medical history Your driving record How MS affects things you do every day, like getting dressed or bathing Your strength and coordination Your vision How fast your brain sorts information Your memory If things go well on the office test, then you'll have a road test. This will see how well you: Get into and out of the car Store the gear you use to help you get around, like a cane or wheelchair Follow driving rules React to hazards on the road Move your foot between the gas pedal and brake Stay in your lane and change lanes safely Afterward, the specialist can tell you how MS might be affecting your driving and tell you what you can do to make it easier and safer.
system: Does multiple sclerosis affect driving?
output: Multiple sclerosis ( MS) can make driving a challenge. It can affect the skills you need behind the wheel -- your vision, memory, reflexes, and how well you move your arms and legs. Your symptoms can come and go, sometimes in the same day. It might not be safe to drive during a flare-up, but it's usually OK to get back in the driver's seat after symptoms go away. For most people with the disease, though, some planning and the right tools can make driving easier and safer.
system: Is it good to know if multiple sclerosis will affect my ability to drive?
output: Whether or not you need special equipment to drive, knowing how MS affects you can help you plan out your trips. For example, if you know you get tired easily, keep your time in the car short. If MS changes your vision, avoid driving at night.
system: Should I get checked out by a driver rehabilitation specialist to determine if multiple sclerosis is affecting my ability to drive?
output: It can affect the skills you need behind the wheel -- your vision, memory, reflexes, and how well you move your arms and legs. Sometimes you'll notice when your MS symptoms affect your driving, like you can't move your foot from the gas pedal to the brake quickly. But other symptoms aren't so obvious. Whether or not you need special equipment to drive, knowing how MS affects you can help you plan out your trips. Think about where you'll have to turn and what the streets look like. Some people with MS find it hard to program a GPS system or listen to one announce directions.
system: When should you call a doctor about a splinter?
output: Most splinters do not need the care of a health care provider. See a health care provider if: You can't remove the entire splinter. The splinter is deep in the skin or the wound is bleeding heavily. The splinter is under a fingernail or toenail. The health care provider may need to cut a notch in the nail to remove the splinter.
system: Can zoledronic acid help treat osteoporosis?
output: Zoledronic acid ( Reclast, Zometa) is a once-yearly 15-minute infusion you get through a vein. It is a bisphosphonate that can increase bone strength and reduce fractures in the hip, spine, wrist, arm, leg, or rib. The most common side effects include bone pain, nausea, and vomiting. People whose kidneys don't work very well should avoid it or use it with caution.
system: What can you do if you might have pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?
output: Talk to your doctor if you're having trouble with shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, or swelling in your legs and ankles. They can do some tests to find out what's going on. It's important to get the right diagnosis so you can get the right treatment. The sooner you treat PAH, the easier it is to control.
system: What causes pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?
output: Some things make you more likely to get the disease: A family history of the condition Other diseases of the heart and lungs Obesity If you've used some street drugs, like cocaine, or diet medicines Living at high altitudes Most people get PAH when another illness has damaged their heart or lungs. The most common problems that raise your pulmonary blood pressure are: Heart problems: Conditions like mitral valve disease or long-term high blood pressure damage the left side of the heart to the point that it doesn't work well. That makes blood back up in the blood vessels of the lungs. Lung diseases: When there's a problem in your lungs, your body tries to protect its oxygen supply. It keeps the blood away from damaged areas and forces it into healthy areas. It can happen if you have sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), and diseases that scar the lungs, like emphysema. Blood clots Other diseases, including some blood disorders, thyroid disease and other metabolic disorders, and immune system disorders that affect many different parts of the body, like sarcoidosis and vasculitis.
system: What is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?
output: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, or PAH, is a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in your lungs and the right side of your heart. It's a very serious condition that can change your day-to-day life. When you get the right diagnosis, though, you can get the care you need to ease your symptoms.
system: What is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) like?
output: Many people have PAH for a long time before they realize something is wrong. The symptoms are subtle at first. You may just feel tired or out of shape. And your doctor may mistake your condition for something more common.
system: What are the early symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?
output: The early symptoms are: Shortness of breath during normal physical activity Fatigue Chest pains A racing heartbeat As the disease gets worse, you may also have: Lightheadedness Fainting Swelling in your legs, hands, or belly Dry cough, sometimes with blood Blue lips or fingers Many people who get PAH are women between the ages of 30 and 60.
system: What is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) like as it gets worse?
output: The early symptoms are: Shortness of breath during normal physical activity Fatigue Chest pains A racing heartbeat As the disease gets worse, you may also have: Lightheadedness Fainting Swelling in your legs, hands, or belly Dry cough, sometimes with blood Blue lips or fingers Many people who get PAH are women between the ages of 30 and 60.
system: What happens to your body if you have pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?
output: Your heart pumps blood through your arteries, sending oxygen to all parts of your body. In a single heartbeat, the left side of your heart sends the blood out to your body, and blood returns to the right side from your body. The right side then pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it swaps carbon dioxide for oxygen. The oxygen-filled blood goes back to the left side of the heart, and the process starts again with the next heartbeat. It's a short distance from your heart to your lungs. So normally, the right side doesn't have to pump very hard. But with PAH, blood doesn't move easily through the arteries in your lungs. Your heart works much harder to force it through. Over time, the heart muscle gets weak. It can become enlarged and stop working properly. When your blood doesn't flow well, your body doesn't get enough oxygen.
system: How is shortness of breath (dyspnea) treated?
output: But your dyspnea treatment will depend on what's causing your shortness of breath. For example, if you have asthma, you may get an inhaler to use when you have a flare.
system: What are symptoms of shortness of breath (dyspnea)?
output: When you have shortness of breath, you can't catch your breath or get enough air in your lungs. Your doctor might call it dyspnea. When you have dyspnea, you might feel: Out of breath Tightness in your chest Hungry for air (you might hear this called air hunger) Unable to breathe deeply Like you can't breathe (suffocation) It can be acute (sudden dyspnea) or chronic (long-lasting dyspnea). Acute dyspnea starts within a few minutes or hours. It can happen with other symptoms like a fever, rash, or cough. Chronic dyspnea can make you feel out of breath with everyday tasks, such as walking from room to room or standing up from a sitting position.
system: Do X-rays help diagnose ulcerative colitis?
output: You'll have bloody diarrhea, belly cramps and pain, and you'll have the urge to poop, but you won't be able to (the doctor will call this tenesmus).
system: How can stool sample tests help to diagnose ulcerative colitis?
output: Stool samples can help your doctor rule out an infection or parasite in your colon. They can also show if there's blood in your stool that you can't see.
system: How can flexible sigmoidoscopy help in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis?
output: He will put a bendable tube into your lower colon through your bottom. The tube has a small light and camera on the end. Your doctor might also use a small tool to take a piece of the lining of your lower colon. This is called a biopsy. A doctor in a lab will look at the sample under a microscope. Colonoscopy is the same process as flexible sigmoidoscopy, only your doctor will look at your whole colon, not just the lower part.
system: What medicines may your doctor prescribe for ulcerative colitis?
output: Your doctor may prescribe a few different kinds of drugs, including: Antibiotics to fight infections and let your large intestine heal Medicine to lower inflammation in your colon and control your symptoms. Meds to help stop your immune system's attack on your colon Biologics are drugs made from proteins in living cells instead of chemicals.
system: What's the goal of ulcerative colitis treatment?
output: There's no cure, and people usually have symptom flare-ups off and on for life. The main symptom of ulcerative colitis is bloody diarrhea. You may need a mix of diet changes, medication, or surgery to reach those goals. Your doctor may prescribe a few different kinds of drugs, including: Antibiotics to fight infections and let your large intestine heal Medicine to lower inflammation in your colon and control your symptoms.
system: What does the virus that causes genital herpes (HSV-2) do in your body?
output: HSV-2 lives in the nerves. When it's active, it travels to the surface of the infected area (skin or mucous membrane) and makes copies of itself. This is called "shedding" because these new viruses can, at this time, rub off on another person. Then the virus travels back down the nerve to a ganglion (mass of nerve tissue), usually at the base of the spine, where it lies dormant for a while.
system: What are some questions to ask your doctor about different treatments for psoriasis?
output: It's important to know about the side effects of any treatment your doctor recommends. Some questions you may want to ask include: What serious side effects should I watch for and when should I call for medical help? What can I do to help manage the side effects of my medication? What should I know about being in the sun? What are my options if I can't handle the side effects of this drug? Is it safe if I'm thinking about getting pregnant?
system: How does light therapy treat psoriasis?
output: Ultraviolet light targeted at problem areas can help control psoriasis outbreaks. But it should be done only under a doctor's care. Common side effects are minor burns and a higher risk of skin cancer. It also can make you more sensitive to sunlight. With photochemotherapy, which includes a drug that makes the ultraviolet light work better, short-term side effects also include nausea, itching, and red skin.
system: What are side effects of salicylic acid for psoriasis?
output: Salicylic acid: This helps get rid of dead skin cells. It also may irritate your skin. If you use it on your scalp over a long period, it could make your hair weak and possibly fall out.
system: What are side effects of anthralin for psoriasis?
output: Anthralin: This medicine makes skin cells grow more slowly and helps get rid of scales. The most common side effect is skin irritation. It also can stain your skin as well as clothing, fabric, and even hard surfaces. It's best to let it stay on your skin only for a short time and then wash it off.
system: What are the side effects of biologics to treat psoriasis?
output: Biologics: These are strong drugs made from living cells. Because they affect your immune system, they can raise your chances of a serious infection, including tuberculosis.
system: What can treat psoriasis?
output: These include topical treatments you put on your skin, light therapy, pills, shots, and infusions (drugs put directly into your bloodstream with a small needle and a tube). Each comes with its own possible side effects. Your doctor can help you weigh the risks and benefits of any treatment.
system: What are the side effects of retinoids that treat psoriasis?
output: When treatments like creams, ointments, shampoos, and phototherapy don't do enough to control your psoriasis, you may need to take medicine. Retinoids: These drugs made from vitamin A can raise your chances of liver problems. Your doctor will do regular blood tests to watch for that. They also bring a risk of birth defects, so women who take them shouldn't get pregnant for at least 3 years afterward. Other possible side effects include: Depression Dry, cracked skin or lips Hair loss Joint pain Nosebleeds Trouble seeing in the dark Methotrexate: This drug, usually taken as a pill or shot, slows the growth of skin cells and eases inflammation.
system: What are side effects of coal tar for psoriasis?
output: Coal tar: This thick, black byproduct of coal can slow down the growth of skin cells, ease inflammation, help with itching and scaling, and make your skin look better. But it also can irritate and dry out your skin and make you more sensitive to sunlight.
system: What are side effects of light therapy (phototherapy) for psoriasis?
output: Common side effects are minor burns and a higher risk of skin cancer. It also can make you more sensitive to sunlight. With photochemotherapy, which includes a drug that makes the ultraviolet light work better, short-term side effects also include nausea, itching, and red skin.
system: What are the side effects from psoriasis skin treatments that have vitamin D in them?
output: Vitamin D: Topical treatments that have vitamin D, like calcipotriene and calcitriol, can irritate your skin.
system: What are side effects of tazarotene for psoriasis?
output: Tazarotene: This is a retinoid cream, which means it's made from vitamin A. It can irritate your skin and make you more sensitive to sunlight. It's not recommended for women who are pregnant or plan to get pregnant because it can raise your chances of having a child with certain birth defects.
system: What are some topical treatments that treat psoriasis?
output: These are medicines you rub on your skin, including your scalp. If you have mild or moderate psoriasis, one of these may be all you need to control it. In more severe cases, you may use one along with other treatments.
system: What are side effects of corticosteroids for psoriasis?
output: Corticosteroids: These powerful drugs ease inflammation and can help a lot. But you shouldn't use them over a long period. They can make your skin thinner and may stop working as well.
system: What are questions that I can ask for my doctor about psoriasis treatments and its side effects?
output: Some questions you may want to ask include: What serious side effects should I watch for and when should I call for medical help? What can I do to help manage the side effects of my medication? What should I know about being in the sun? What are my options if I can't handle the side effects of this drug? Is it safe if I'm thinking about getting pregnant?
system: How much calcium do you need to get every day?
output: Here's how much calcium and vitamin D you need every day, according to the Institute of Medicine. Calcium Children 1-3 years old: 700 milligrams (mg) Children 4-8 years old: 1,000 mg Children 9-18 years old: 1,300 mg Adults 19-50: 1,000 mg Women 51 to 70: 1,200 mg Men 51 to 70: 1,000 mg Women and men 71 and over: 1,200 mg Vitamin D Age 1-70: 600 IU Age 71 and older: 800 IU Your doctor may recommend higher levels of calcium and vitamin D, especially if you aren't getting enough of them or are at risk for osteoporosis.
system: What foods provide vitamin D?
output: Other foods that are high in calcium include: Spinach Kale Okra Collards Soybeans White beans Some fish, like sardines, salmon, perch, and rainbow trout Foods that are calcium-fortified, such as some orange juice, oatmeal, and breakfast cereal Foods that provide vitamin D include: Fatty fish, like tuna, mackerel, and salmon Foods fortified with vitamin D, like some dairy products, orange juice, soy milk, and cereals Beef liver Cheese Egg yolks To get vitamin D from food, fish is a good option. Three ounces of cooked salmon has more than 450 international units ( IU).
system: How is joint replacement surgery done to treat knee osteoarthritis?
output: Joint replacement surgery, or arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which joints are replaced with artificial parts made from metals or plastic. The replacement could involve one side of the knee or the entire knee. Joint replacement surgery is usually reserved for people over age 50 with severe osteoarthritis. The surgery may need to be repeated later if the prosthetic joint wears out after several years. But with today's modern advancements, most new joints will last over 20 years.
system: What are the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis?
output: Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee may include: pain that increases when you are active, but gets a little better with rest swelling feeling of warmth in the joint stiffness in the knee, especially in the morning or when you have been sitting for a while decrease in mobility of the knee, making it difficult to get in and out of chairs or cars, use the stairs, or walk creaking, crackly sound that is heard when the knee moves The diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis will begin with a physical exam by your doctor.
system: Is surgery used to treat knee osteoarthritis?
output: If your doctor wants to treat the osteoarthritis in the knee with surgery, the options are arthroscopy, osteotomy, and arthroplasty.
system: How do repetitive knee injuries play a role in knee osteoarthritis?
output: People with certain occupations that include a lot of activity that can stress the joint, such as kneeling, squatting, or lifting heavy weights (55 pounds or more), are more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the knee because of the constant pressure on the joint.
system: How does weight play a role in knee osteoarthritis?
output: Weight increases pressure on all the joints, especially the knees. Every pound of weight you gain adds 3 to 4 pounds of extra weight on your knees.
system: How do other illnesses play a role in knee osteoarthritis?
output: People with rheumatoid arthritis, the second most common type of arthritis, are also more likely to develop osteoarthritis. People with certain metabolic disorders, such as iron overload or excess growth hormone, also run a higher risk of osteoarthritis.
system: Who gets osteoarthritis of the knee?
output: Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. While it can occur even in young people, the chance of developing osteoarthritis rises after age 45. According to the Arthritis Foundation, more than 27 million people in the U. S. have osteoarthritis, with the knee being one of the most commonly affected areas. Women are more likely to have osteoarthritis than men.
system: How does heredity play a role in knee osteoarthritis?
output: This includes genetic mutations that might make a person more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the knee. It may also be due to inherited abnormalities in the shape of the bones that surround the knee joint.
system: How does gender play a role in knee osteoarthritis?
output: Women ages 55 and older are more likely than men to develop osteoarthritis of the knee.
system: What leads to osteoarthritis of the knee (degenerative arthritis of the knee)?
output: For others, osteoarthritis of the knee can result from injury or infection or even from being overweight. While it can occur even in young people, the chance of developing osteoarthritis rises after age 45. It may also be due to inherited abnormalities in the shape of the bones that surround the knee joint.