laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What tests will your doctor do to figure out the source my skin irritation?
output: In fact, people can be exposed to a substance for long periods, even years, before developing an allergy. But your doctor may do patch testing to see if you're sensitive to various types of allergens that are known to cause dermatitis. Small patches of these substances are placed on your skin for one to two days so that your doctor can check if a rash develops.
system: What should you do if you can't figure out the source of skin irritation?
output: He or she will quiz you about your job, household chores, hobbies, drug and cosmetics use, and other factors in order to gain clues about the root of the problem. If no irritation occurs in that spot after a week, you can try using the product.
system: Are there things I can do to keep from getting contact dermatitis?
output: Some with sensitive skin can develop irritation from even mild soaps and detergents that they use frequently. For example: Once you've identified an offending substance, avoid it. If your skin makes contact, wash the substance off right away with soap and water. If you have sensitive facial skin, consider using gentle, soap-free, liquid cleansers. Or use a moisturizing soap that's free of fragrance and dyes. Don't scrub your face vigorously with a rough washcloth or buff puff. Instead, cleanse gently and pat dry. Avoid deodorant or antibacterial soaps. Choose moisturizers, sunscreens, and cosmetics that are fragrance-free and don't contain acids or botanical ingredients.
system: What is irritant contact dermatitis?
output: This skin reaction tends to be more painful than itchy. When a person who has become sensitized to an allergen becomes exposed by touching the substance, symptoms, such as itching and skin inflammation, are often delayed.
system: How can magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA) help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?
output: Magnetic resonance arteriography ( MRA): This test provides images of blood vessels to show where they may be blocked. In general, this is used to look at larger arteries (those of the neck or other parts of the body) rather than the small arteries supplying blood to the heart.
system: What high blood pressure drugs can help with treating atherosclerosis?
output: Your doctor may prescribe drugs to reduce high blood pressure and the risk of atherosclerosis. High blood pressure drugs include diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and/or alpha blockers.
system: What is the treatment for atherosclerosis?
output: In general, the treatment for atherosclerosis includes making changes to diet, increasing exercise, and often using medications to reduce blood cholesterol levels. Other treatments may include angioplasty and stenting for severe blockages. In some cases, open heart (bypass) surgery may even be required.
system: How can carotid ultrasound help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?
output: Carotid ultrasound: This test uses ultrasound waves to provide pictures of blood flow in the arteries of the neck. Because atherosclerosis affects arteries in general, detecting blockages in the neck arteries suggests that it is highly likely that blockages are present in other parts of the circulatory system (including the coronary arteries).
system: How can cardiac catheterization help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?
output: Cardiac catheterization: During this procedure, a catheter -- a small flexible tube -- is inserted into an artery and guided up to the coronary arteries, at which point dye is injected through the tube and observed as it flows inside those arteries. This allows the doctor an opportunity to directly locate and measure any blockages in the coronary arteries. During a cardiac catheterization, a cardiologist may also be able to open up any clogged arteries detected with a procedure called an angioplasty.
system: How can computed tomography (CT) scan help in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis?
output: Computed tomography ( CT) scan: An X-ray and a computer are used to construct a cross-sectional image of the heart. This can provide information about the presence of calcium in heart arteries (an indication of underlying atherosclerosis). Some CT scanners are also able to provide much more detailed pictures of the heart arteries, yielding information similar to that obtained from a coronary angiogram.
system: How is atherosclerosis related to high blood pressure?
output: Over time, this extra pressure can damage the arteries, making them more vulnerable to the narrowing and plaque buildup associated with atherosclerosis. The narrowed artery limits or blocks the flow of blood to the heart muscle, depriving the heart of oxygen. Your doctor may prescribe drugs to reduce high blood pressure and the risk of atherosclerosis.
system: What conditions are associated with acquired ichthyosis?
output: People with the acquired form often have other conditions, such as: Underactive thyroid gland Kidney disease Sarcoidosis, a rare disease that causes patches of inflammation inside the body Cancer such as Hodgkin lymphoma HIV infection Some medicines might also trigger the condition: Cancer drugs such as hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea), protease inhibitors (a class of drugs used to treat HIV infections), and vemurafenib ( Zelboraf).
system: What are complications of ichthyosis in men?
output: Men with ichthyosis are also at increased risk for: Testicular cancer Undescended or hidden testicles Low sperm count Other complications include: Vision loss from damage to the cornea (the clear layer in the front of the eye) Brain and nervous system problems Sometimes it's so mild that it looks like regular dry skin.
system: When do symptoms of inherited ichthyosis show up?
output: Nicotinic acid, which is used to treat high cholesterol In the inherited forms, symptoms appear at birth or in the first few months of life.
system: Where do ichthyosis scales form?
output: The scales form on only some parts of the body, such as the: Trunk Stomach Buttocks Legs Face and scalp The scales can be white, gray, or dark brown. They might have thick or thin cracks running through them. Dryness and scaling get worse in cold, dry weather. They usually improve in warmer weather.
system: What is inherited ichthyosis?
output: Inherited ichthyosis: This is caused by mutations, or changes, to genes. Genes are the codes that tell your body to make proteins, which determine how your body looks and functions. Ichthyosis gene mutations affect that proteins that protect your skin and keep it moist. They also affect how quickly skin cells multiply or are shed. Parents pass these genes to their children. Sometimes children whose parents don't have ichthyosis get the disease before birth.
system: What is acquired ichthyosis?
output: Acquired ichthyosis: This starts in adulthood. Doctors don't know what causes it.
system: What medicines might trigger acquired ichthyosis?
output: People with the acquired form often have other conditions, such as: Underactive thyroid gland Kidney disease Sarcoidosis, a rare disease that causes patches of inflammation inside the body Cancer such as Hodgkin lymphoma HIV infection Some medicines might also trigger the condition: Cancer drugs such as hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea), protease inhibitors (a class of drugs used to treat HIV infections), and vemurafenib ( Zelboraf).
system: Besides scales, what are some other signs of ichthyosis?
output: Other signs of ichthyosis are: Skin redness Blisters Peeling Itchiness Pain Lines on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet Tight skin that makes it hard to move Many people with ichthyosis also have eczema, a red, itchy rash.
system: What are least rare types of ichthyosis?
output: Some types only cause dry and scaly skin. Others cause problems inside the body, too. Most forms of the disease are very rare. The two least rare types are: Ichthyosis vulgaris. It affects about 1 out of every 250 people. X-linked recessive ichthyosis. It affects about 1 out of 6,000 people, but only males.
system: Besides scaling, what are other complications of ichthyosis?
output: Men with ichthyosis are also at increased risk for: Testicular cancer Undescended or hidden testicles Low sperm count Other complications include: Vision loss from damage to the cornea (the clear layer in the front of the eye) Brain and nervous system problems Sometimes it's so mild that it looks like regular dry skin.
system: Besides moisturizing creams, lotions, and ointments, what things can help manage ichthyosis?
output: Rub your skin with a pumice stone. Remove dead skin with a product that contains salicylic acid, glycolic acid, or lactic acid.
system: What are treatments for ichthyosis?
output: It can't be cured, but treatments can help you manage dry and scaly skin. Rub cream, lotion, or ointment onto your skin every day to add moisture. Look for rich creams that have any of these ingredients: lanolin, alpha hydroxy acids, urea, or propylene glycol. Products with ceramides or cholesterol also keep skin moist. Apply the lotion right after you step out of the shower or bath, when your skin is still damp. This will help hold in moisture.
system: If you have ichthyosis, what are some complications of scaling?
output: Scaling can lead to complications such as: Infections Dehydration Blocked sweat glands, which can lead to overheating Slow hair growth from scales on the scalp Burning more calories, because the skin has to work harder to turn over cells Ichthyosis can cause emotional issues, too. The scales can affect the way you look. People with this condition sometimes feel depressed and have low self-esteem. If you feel depressed or have low self-esteem, talk to a therapist or other mental health experts.
system: How do chemotherapy drugs lead to hair loss?
output: Many different types of drugs are thought to cause hair loss, including: Acne medications containing vitamin A (retinoids) Antibiotics and antifungal drugs Antidepressants Birth control pills Anticlotting drugs Cholesterol-lowering drugs Drugs that suppress the immune system Drugs that treat breast cancer and other cancers Epilepsy drugs (anticonvulsants) High blood pressure medications (anti-hypertensives), such as beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and diuretics Hormone replacement therapy Mood stabilizers Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Parkinson's disease drugs Steroids Thyroid medications Weight loss drugs Chemotherapy drugs often lead to the anagen effluvium type of hair loss. As these drugs kill cancer cells throughout the body, they also can damage healthy cells, including hair matrix cells. The hair typically starts to fall out within two weeks of starting chemotherapy and progresses more rapidly after one to two months, according to the American Cancer Society. Hair loss is more common and severe in patients taking combinations of chemotherapy drugs than in those who take just one drug. Chemotherapy drugs that tend to cause hair loss include: adriamycin cyclophosphamide dactinomycin daunorubicin docetaxel doxorubicin etoposide fluorouracil ifosfamide irinotecan methotrexate nitrosureas paclitaxel tamoxifen topotecan vinorelbine It's important to review any medications you take, and discuss their potential side effects with your doctor and pharmacist.
system: How do drugs cause hair loss?
output: During the anagen phase, which lasts for two to six years, the hair grows. During the telogen phase, which lasts about three months, the hair rests. At the end of the telogen phase, the hair falls out and is replaced by new hair. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Medications can lead to two types of hair loss: telogen effluvium and anagen effluvium. Telogen effluvium is the most common form of drug-induced hair loss. It usually appears within 2 to 4 months after taking the drug. This condition causes the hair follicles to go into their resting phase (telogen) and fall out too early. People with telogen effluvium usually shed between 30% to 70% more than the normal 100 and 150 hairs a day. Anagen effluvium is hair loss that occurs during the anagen phase of the hair cycle, when the hairs are actively growing. It prevents the matrix cells, which produce new hairs, from dividing normally. This type of hair loss usually occurs within a few days to weeks after taking the medication. It's most common in people who are taking chemotherapy drugs for cancer and is often severe, causing people to lose most or all of the hair on their head, as well as their eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hairs. The severity of drug-induced hair loss depends on the type of drug and dosage, as well as your sensitivity to that drug.
system: Do certain foods cause eczema?
output: The common offenders are: Milk Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Wheat Fish Shellfish Soy While trigger foods can make eczema worse, experts don't think they're really the original cause. Instead, it seems to result from "leakiness" in the outer layer of skin that lets in irritants, germs, and allergens.
system: What can you do to avoid food triggers of eczema?
output: Be methodical. Only eliminate one food at a time. If you ban dairy and gluten at the same time and symptoms get better, you won't know which one made the difference. Use a food diary to keep track of what you get rid of, and the changes that brings. Move slowly. A positive skin test isn't reason enough to cut out a food. Lots of kids test positive for foods that don't really cause symptoms. Plus, if you get rid of too many foods, you could cut out nutrients your child needs to grow and develop. So for his sake and yours, be sure before you take a food from your child's diet permanently. Work with your doctor. Keep using other treatments. Even if you find a trigger food, getting rid of it may not make the rash disappear. Stick with the other things your doctor recommends -- like skin ointments, lotions, and medicines. Continue to steer clear other allergens like dust mites, pollen, or pet dander, too.
system: Which foods trigger eczema?
output: The common offenders are: Milk Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Wheat Fish Shellfish Soy While trigger foods can make eczema worse, experts don't think they're really the original cause. Instead, it seems to result from "leakiness" in the outer layer of skin that lets in irritants, germs, and allergens. Some are obvious.
system: Can food cause eczema flare-ups in children?
output: Up to 1 in 3 kids with eczema has a food allergy that could make symptoms worse. If you remove some choices, it could make a big difference.
system: How can food trigger eczema?
output: Symptoms -- like swelling -- are side effects of your body's defenses. Eczema doesn't seem to be an allergic condition, but reactions from food can make it worse in some kids. It's more likely in babies and young children. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.
system: How can you find a food trigger for eczema?
output: Some foods are more likely to bring symptoms. If your child eats lobster for the first time and breaks out in hives 15 minutes later, it's probably not hard to figure out. But with eczema, it's often tougher. Symptoms may not show up for days after you eat something. If you do find a trigger food and get rid of it, that may help. Still, it may not make the eczema go away. Remember, 2 out of 3 kids with eczema don't have a food allergy at all.
system: How do doctors test what foods trigger your eczema?
output: If your doctor thinks a food may be harmful, he may ask you not to give it to your kid for 10 to 14 days. Watch to see if it makes a difference. Food challenges. After you've taken a food out of your child's diet, your pediatrician might want you to add a small amount back in to see if it causes symptoms. A doctor can take an extract of the food and use it to scratch the skin lightly. If the area swells up, that could be an allergic reaction. However, it's not always accurate. Blood tests. Again, it's not always accurate. Other lab tests can check for cells that trigger swelling.
system: When should I call a doctor about hives?
output: If you often get hives, or if your outbreaks affect you a lot, your doctor will probably prescribe antihistamines.
system: How soon does a mild case of hives end?
output: A mild case often disappears on its own after a few hours. If it lasts longer, you can try an over-the-counter antihistamine.
system: When should you call your doctor about hives?
output: See a doctor if your outbreak doesn't disappear in a few days, though. And get medical help right away if you notice symptoms of angioedema (such as swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat) or a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
system: When would your doctor prescribe antihistamines for hives?
output: If you often get hives, or if your outbreaks affect you a lot, your doctor will probably prescribe antihistamines. Treatment with corticosteroids, which you take by mouth, will sometimes reduce swelling when antihistamines don't work. But doctors usually save them for more severe cases. Your doctor may also consider a biologic drug, omalizumab ( Xolair), for chronic hives in people age 12 and over.
system: Do you need an epinephrine kit if you get hives?
output: If you're severely allergic to bee stings or other insect bites, certain foods, or medications, ask your doctor about prescribing an emergency kit with epinephrine shots. You would use these to treat anaphylaxis. Always carry two epinephrine kits with you.
system: When should I call 911 about hives?
output: You get hives and a dry throat, cough, cold sweats, nausea, dizziness, trouble breathing, or a sharp drop in blood pressure after a bee sting or insect bite or a new medication. This may be anaphylaxis. Give yourself an epinephrine shot, even if you're unsure whether your symptoms are allergy related. You'll still need medical attention even if your symptoms seem to stop. You have symptoms of angioedema (again, that's swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat). You need immediate medical attention so that the swelling doesn't block the air passage to the lungs.
system: How common is surgery for ulcerative colitis?
output: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons. The reasons that surgery becomes necessary include: Medical treatment -- for instance, drug therapy -- fails to provide results. There may be a risk of cancer without surgery. The colon has ruptured. The patient experiences a severe, sudden onset of the disease. There is extensive bleeding. Treatment causes side effects severe enough to compromise the patient's health. Toxic megacolon has set in. In this dangerous condition, the muscles of the large intestine are dilated, and the colon can rupture. In some cases, surgery to remove the colon is recommended if other treatments do not work or if the side effects of medications are harming the patient.
system: What are the complications of ulcerative colitis surgery?
output: Complications from ileoanal anastomosis may include: More frequent and more watery bowel movements Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) Blockage of the intestine (bowel obstruction) from internal scar tissue, called adhesions, caused by surgery Pouch failure, which happens within 5 years in about 4 out of every 100 patients with IPAA If the pouch fails, the patient will need to have a permanent ileostomy.
system: How does the continent ileostomy surgery for ulcerative colitis work?
output: The continent ileostomy, or Kock pouch, is an option for people who would like their ileostomy converted to an internal pouch. It's also an option for people who do not qualify for the IPAA procedure. In this procedure, there is a stoma but no bag. The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal reservoir is created from the small intestine. An opening is made in the abdominal wall, and the reservoir is then joined to the skin with a nipple valve. To drain the pouch, the patient inserts a catheter through the valve into the internal reservoir. This procedure, however, is not the preferred surgical treatment for ulcerative patients. That's because of its uncertain results and the potential need for additional surgery.
system: What is ulcerative colitis?
output: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic (long-term) inflammatory disease. It affects the lining of the large intestine, or colon, and rectum. The rectum is the last section of the colon and is located just above the anus. People with ulcerative colitis have tiny ulcers and abscesses in their colon and rectum. These flare up periodically and cause bloody stools and diarrhea. Ulcerative colitis may also cause severe abdominal pain and anemia.
system: What is a permanent ileostomy when getting ulcerative colitis surgery?
output: If the entire colon is removed, the surgeon may create an opening, or stoma, in the abdominal wall. The tip of the lower small intestine is brought through the stoma. An external bag, or pouch, is attached to the stoma. This is called a permanent ileostomy. Stools pass through this opening and collect in the pouch. The pouch must be worn at all times.
system: What tests can doctors use to diagnose ulcerative colitis?
output: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons.
system: What types of surgery can treat ulcerative colitis?
output: Surgery to remove the entire colon is called a colectomy. Surgery to remove both the colon and rectum is a proctocolectomy. Both can be used to treat ulcerative colitis. These surgeries are also performed to eliminate the threat of colon cancer. Colon cancer is common in people with ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy is considered the standard treatment when surgery for ulcerative colitis is needed.
system: What are the complications of ulcerative colitis surgeries?
output: Complications from ileoanal anastomosis may include: More frequent and more watery bowel movements Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) Blockage of the intestine (bowel obstruction) from internal scar tissue, called adhesions, caused by surgery Pouch failure, which happens within 5 years in about 4 out of every 100 patients with IPAA If the pouch fails, the patient will need to have a permanent ileostomy.
system: How is ulcerative colitis diagnosed?
output: These include: Blood tests Stool sample tests Imaging tests, such as a CT scan Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Pill camera About 23% to 45% of people with ulcerative colitis will have to have surgery to remove their colons.
system: How often does ulcerative colitis flare up?
output: Ulcerative colitis has alternating periods of flare-ups and remission. During remission the disease seems to have disappeared. The periods of remission can last from weeks to years.
system: What happens during remission for ulcerative colitis?
output: During remission the disease seems to have disappeared. The periods of remission can last from weeks to years.