laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What questions should I ask my doctor about inherited lipodystrophy?
output: Do we need any more tests? How many people with this disease have you treated? What's the best way for us to manage this condition? What other symptoms should I watch for? How often should we see you? Do we need to see any other doctors? Is there anything I can do that will help my child look and feel "normal"? Can we be part of a lipodystrophy research study? Is it important to let other family members know he has this disease? Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype.
system: What is inherited lipodystrophy?
output: It comes from the genes you got from one or both of your parents. It makes you lose the fat under your skin, so it can change the way you look. You can't cure it, but with your doctor's help, the right treatment, a low-fat diet, and plenty of exercise, it's something you can live with. Your doctor may also look for a pattern of fat loss with: Skinfold thickness measurements, checking how much skin he can pinch between his fingers at specific spots on the body A special X-ray that measures bone mineral density A special whole-body MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to make pictures showing tissues with fat What subtype of lipodystrophy is this?
system: How can I treat my inherited lipodystrophy?
output: A healthy lifestyle plays a big role. Everyone with lipodystrophy should eat a low-fat diet. People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases.
system: Should I take birth control pills or hormone replacements if I have inherited lipodystrophy?
output: Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Women shouldn't use birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy for menopause because they can make levels of fats worse.
system: Can inherited lipodystrophy be cured?
output: You can't cure it, but with your doctor's help, the right treatment, a low-fat diet, and plenty of exercise, it's something you can live with. How many people with this disease have you treated?
system: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you have a genetic form of high cholesterol?
output: Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol -- so high that one drug and lifestyle changes won't do enough. People with FH usually take a statin and one or two other drugs.
system: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if your statin hasn't helped?
output: Statins are a mainstay of cholesterol treatment. But they don't work well enough for everyone who takes them. If that's the case for you, your doctor might recommend that you add another medicine to your treatment.
system: What will your doctor consider along with your chances for heart disease when choosing a cholesterol treatment?
output: Along with your chances for heart disease, your doctor also will consider: Other medical conditions you have Side effects of the medication How much it costs Other medications you're taking What you feel comfortable with Different drugs work in different ways.
system: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you can't take a statin?
output: The pills aren't safe for people with liver disease or women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Doctors will rely on other types of drugs to lower cholesterol.
system: What drugs might your doctor recommend if your LDL cholesterol level is too high?
output: If your LDL levels are too high, your doctor might recommend: Statins,including atorvastatin ( Lipitor), fluvastatin ( Lescol), lovastatin ( Altoprev, Mevacor), pravastatin ( Pravachol), rosuvastatin calcium ( Crestor), simvastatin ( Flolipid, Zocor), or pitavastatin ( Livalo) Resins, also called bile acid sequestrants, like cholestyramine ( Locholest, Prevalite, Questran), colesevelam ( Wel Chol), and colestipol ( Colestid) Nicotinic acid (niacin).
system: What drugs can lower triglycerides?
output: Omega-3 fatty acids.
system: Why might you need two medications for cholesterol if you have high triglycerides?
output: If that's the case for you, your doctor might recommend that you add another medicine to your treatment. The prescription forms of these fats include Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa.
system: Do cholesterol medicines always work?
output: Even if you live a healthy lifestyle and take your pills correctly, you may need extra help getting your levels down to a healthier range. But that doesn't mean you have to live with high cholesterol. Help can come in the form of a second or even a third medication. Work with your doctor to build a better treatment plan. Familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH) is a condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol -- so high that one drug and lifestyle changes won't do enough.
system: Who gets juvenile retinoschisis?
output: Causes: The abnormal gene at fault is linked to the X chromosome. That means it behaves differently in women and men: There's a 50% chance that women who carry the gene will pass it on to their daughters, who will become carriers. They also have a 50% chance of passing it to their sons, who will get the disease. Men with the disease always pass it to their daughters, who then become carriers. But they can't pass the gene to their sons.
system: Who gets Stargardt's disease?
output: Causes: Researchers blame a specific gene for the disease. If both parents carry one mutated form of the gene and one normal gene, their children have a 25% chance of getting the disease. Children who inherit only one mutated gene won't get it. But they can pass it on without knowing it.
system: What is juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
output: Juvenile macular degeneration ( JMD) is the term for several inherited and rare diseases that affect children and young adults. They include Stargardt's disease, Best disease, and juvenile retinoschisis. They can cause central vision loss that often starts in childhood or young adulthood.
system: What is Best disease relative to juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
output: It's the second-most common type of JMD. You might also hear it called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. It was discovered in 1905 by Friedrich Best, another German eye doctor. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later.
system: What are the signs of Best disease?
output: Signs: The eye doctor will see a bright yellow fluid-filled sac, or cyst, under your macula. It looks like a sunny-side-up egg. Your vision may be normal or near normal at this stage. Eventually, the sac bursts, and the fluid spreads throughout your macula. The doctor can spot it with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope.
system: How does Stargardt's disease in juvenile macular degeneration affect my vision?
output: It doesn't affect peripheral, or side, vision. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places. Color vision goes away in later stages of the disease.
system: What is Stargardt's disease in juvenile macular degeneration?
output: It's the most common form of JMD. It's named after German eye doctor Karl Stargardt, who discovered it in 1901. It affects about one in 10,000 children in the U. S. Although the disease starts before age 20, you may not notice vision loss until age 30 to 40.
system: How is juvenile macular degeneration treated?
output: Unfortunately, there's no treatment. Visual aids, adaptive training, and other tools can help young people with vision loss remain active. Researchers continue to look for ways to prevent and treat JMD. Genetic counseling can teach parents about these eye problems and sort out the risks for their children. Counseling also helps families understand how their loved one's vision is affected.
system: What causes juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
output: Causes: Researchers blame a specific gene for the disease. If both parents carry one mutated form of the gene and one normal gene, their children have a 25% chance of getting the disease. Children who inherit only one mutated gene won't get it.
system: What causes Best disease?
output: If one parent has Best disease and one doesn't, there's a 50% chance their kids will get it. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.
system: What is juvenile macular degeneration?
output: Juvenile macular degeneration ( JMD) is the term for several inherited and rare diseases that affect children and young adults. They include Stargardt's disease, Best disease, and juvenile retinoschisis. They can cause central vision loss that often starts in childhood or young adulthood.
system: Who gets Best disease?
output: If one parent has Best disease and one doesn't, there's a 50% chance their kids will get it. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.
system: How does someone get juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
output: These conditions come from gene changes passed down in families. Unfortunately, there's no treatment. Visual aids, adaptive training, and other tools can help young people with vision loss remain active. Researchers continue to look for ways to prevent and treat JMD.
system: How does Best disease affect vision?
output: Symptoms: Show up in stages over a period of years. Early on, there's no change. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Things will look blurry or warped. Your central vision could drop to 20/100 in later stages. But you might not have serious vision loss. Or you could lose vision in one eye, but not the other.
system: What are the signs of Stargardt's disease in juvenile macular degeneration?
output: Signs: It's usually diagnosed by yellow-white spots that appear in and around the macula. If they cover the back of the eye, then it is called fundus flavimaculatus. These deposits are an abnormal buildup of a fatty substance produced during normal cell activity.
system: What causes juvenile retinoschisis?
output: Causes: The abnormal gene at fault is linked to the X chromosome. That means it behaves differently in women and men: There's a 50% chance that women who carry the gene will pass it on to their daughters, who will become carriers. They also have a 50% chance of passing it to their sons, who will get the disease. Men with the disease always pass it to their daughters, who then become carriers. But they can't pass the gene to their sons. As with other types of juvenile macular degeneration, there is no treatment.
system: What is Best disease?
output: It's the second-most common type of JMD. You might also hear it called Best vitelliform macular dystrophy. It was discovered in 1905 by Friedrich Best, another German eye doctor. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later.
system: How does juvenile retinoschisis affect vision?
output: Symptoms: It causes central vision loss between 20/60 and 20/120. You might find it hard to focus both eyes on one object (strabismus). Or your eye might move on its own (nystagmus). About half of people with the disease lose side vision. By age 60 or older, you might be legally blind.
system: What is juvenile retinoschisis?
output: Also called X-linked retinoschisis, it mostly affects young males. Vision loss happens between ages 10 and 20 and remains stable until around age 50 or 60.
system: What are the symptoms of Best disease?
output: Unfortunately, there's no treatment. It may show up on an eye exam between ages 3 and 15, but symptoms may not show up until later. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Things will look blurry or warped. Your central vision could drop to 20/100 in later stages. Or you could lose vision in one eye, but not the other.
system: What are the symptoms of juvenile macular degeneration (JMD)?
output: Some people lose vision quickly over a few months. Most people will have vision loss ranging from 20/100 to 20/400 by the time they're 30 or 40. It doesn't affect peripheral, or side, vision. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places. Color vision goes away in later stages of the disease. Later stages involve central vision loss in one or both eyes. Symptoms: It causes central vision loss between 20/60 and 20/120.
system: What does juvenile retinoschisis do to your eye?
output: Signs: This condition causes your retina to split into two layers. Blisters and blood vessels fill the space between them. Blood leaks into the vitreous fluid, the clear liquid that fills the inside of your eye. Over time, the vitreous fluid may pull away from your retina. Or the retina can detach from the inside wall of your eye. But surgery can help repair detached retinas.
system: What does juvenile macular degeneration (JMD) damage in the eye?
output: JMD damages the macula, the tissue in the center of your retina at the back of your eye. This area provides the sharp central vision that lets us do things like read and drive. It also allows us to see color and recognize faces. There's a variety of inherited diseases that can lead to JMD. Children who don't develop the disease can't pass it on to their children.
system: How does juvenile macular degeneration affect vision?
output: JMD damages the macula, the tissue in the center of your retina at the back of your eye. This area provides the sharp central vision that lets us do things like read and drive. It also allows us to see color and recognize faces. You probably won't lose night vision, but you might have trouble when you have to switch from dark to light places.
system: Are there remissions and flare-ups of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
output: Typically, there are periods when the symptoms of JRA are better or disappear ("remissions") and times when symptoms are worse ("flare-ups"). The condition is different in each child. Some may have just one or two flare-ups and never have symptoms again. Others get many flare-ups or have symptoms that never go away.
system: Will pain from rheumatoid arthritis limit my joint movement?
output: Other symptoms can include: Fever that comes and goes Less appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on a child's arms and legs The pain may limit movement of the affected joint. Many children, especially younger ones, don't complain of pain.
system: Is eye inflammation a complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
output: Eye inflammation is a potentially severe complication that sometimes happens in children with another type of JRA called âpauciarticular JRA.â Eye diseases such as iritis and uveitis usually don't happen for a while after a child first gets JRA.
system: What areas of the body does juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) commonly affect?
output: JRA commonly affects the knees and joints in the hands and feet. One of the earliest warning signs of the disease is limping in the morning because of a stiff knee.
system: Besides joint pain, what are symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
output: Other symptoms can include: Fever that comes and goes Less appetite Weight loss Anemia Blotchy rash on a child's arms and legs The pain may limit movement of the affected joint. The rash and fever may appear and disappear quickly. Systemic JRA may cause the lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body to swell. In less than half of cases, internal organs including the heart and, very rarely, the lungs, may be involved.
system: What common fungal infections are typically associated with diabetes?
output: A yeast-like fungus called " Candida albicans" causes many of the fungal infections that happen to people with diabetes.
system: How can you develop atherosclerosis if you have diabetes?
output: When you have issues with your heart or blood vessels: Atherosclerosis: This is the narrowing of blood vessels. They become narrower as the vessel walls get thick from plaque buildup. That can affect blood supply to your skin. When the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the skin become narrow, changes can happen, such as hair loss and thinning, shiny skin (especially on the shins), thickened and discolored toenails, and cold skin. Because blood carries the white blood cells that help fight infection, your legs and feet can heal more slowly when they are injured.
system: How can you develop disseminated granuloma annulare if you have diabetes?
output: Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.
system: How do shin spots (diabetic dermopathy) develop in diabetics?
output: Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary.
system: What is necrobiosis lipoidica and how is it related to diabetes?
output: Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor.
system: How can you develop digital sclerosis if you have diabetes?
output: Digital sclerosis: Due to poor blood flow, the skin on your toes, fingers, and hands becomes thick, waxy, and tight. It can also make your finger joints stiff. Get your blood sugar under control, because that can help treat this condition. Try lotions and moisturizers to help soften the skin.
system: How can you develop scleredema diabeticorum if you have diabetes?
output: Scleredema diabeticorum: This condition causes a thickening of the skin on the back of the neck and upper back. It's rare, but it can affect people with type 2 diabetes. The treatment is to bring your blood sugar levels under control. Lotions and moisturizers might help soften your skin.
system: How can you develop eruptive xanthomatosis if you have diabetes?
output: Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).
system: How do fungal infections occur in diabetics?
output: Fungal infections: Warm, moist folds of the skin are the perfect breeding ground for these infections. Three common fungal infections are: Jock itch (red, itchy area on the genitals and the inside of the thighs) Athlete's foot (affects the skin between the toes) Ringworm (ring-shaped, scaly patches that can itch or blister and appear on the feet, groin, chest, stomach, scalp, or nails).
system: What is disseminated granuloma annulare and is it related to diabetes?
output: Disseminated granuloma annulare: While there is some controversy over whether this condition is connected to diabetes, disseminated granuloma annulare causes sharply defined ring- or arc-shaped areas on the skin. These rashes most often happen on the fingers and ears, but they can appear on the chest and abdomen, too. The rash can be red, red-brown, or skin-colored. Treatment usually isn't needed, but sometimes a steroid medication you put on your skin, such as hydrocortisone, can help.
system: What are diabetes-related shin spots?
output: Shin spots (diabetic dermopathy): This condition happens due to changes to the blood vessels in your skin. Dermopathy appears as a shiny round or oval lesion on the thin skin of your shins. The patches don't hurt, and they rarely cause itching or burning. Treatment usually isn't necessary.
system: What is eruptive xanthomatosis and how is it related to diabetes?
output: Eruptive xanthomatosis: Severe insulin resistance can make it hard for your body to get rid of fat in your blood. When you have very high cholesterol, this skin condition can happen. Firm, yellow, waxy pea-like bumps on the skin are surrounded by red halos and are itchy. These usually show up on the eyes, elbows, face, and buttocks. They also can appear on the back side of the arms and legs. To treat it, your doctor will work to control the level of fats in your blood. The bumps usually go away over several weeks. You might also need drugs that control different types of fats in the blood (lipid-lowering drugs).
system: What are diabetes-related blisters?
output: Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.
system: How common are diabetes-related skin problems?
output: Doing so can help you avoid many diabetes skin problems. Still, skin conditions related to this disease are common. As many as 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will have one. Fortunately, most can be successfully treated before they turn into a serious problem. The key is to catch them early.
system: What bacterial infections are commonly associated with diabetes?
output: Bacterial infections: Staphylococcus skin infections are more common and more serious in people with poorly controlled diabetes. When hair follicles are irritated, these bacteria can cause boils or an inflamed bump. Other infections include: Styes, which are infections of the eyelid glands Nail infections Most bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotic pills.
system: How can you develop diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum)?
output: Diabetes-related blisters (bullous diabeticorum): In rare cases, people with diabetes get blisters that resemble burn blisters. These can affect the fingers, hands, toes, feet, legs, or forearms. They're usually painless and they heal on their own. They often happen in people who have severe diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. For treatment, your doctor will help you get your blood sugar levels under control.
system: How can you develop necrobiosis lipoidica if you have diabetes?
output: Necrobiosis lipoidica: If you've had diabetes for a long time without good control of your blood sugar, you could develop this condition. Poor blood supply to the skin can cause changes in the collagen and fat underneath. The overlaying skin becomes thin and red. Most lesions are found on the lower parts of the legs and can turn into an ulcer if there's trauma. Lesions have fairly well-defined borders. Sometimes, the condition is itchy and painful. As long as the sores don't break open, you won't need treatment for them. If the sores do break open, see your doctor.