laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Which hormones do the ovaries control?
output: Ovaries: The female reproductive organs that release eggs and produce sex hormones.
system: What is hypothyroidism?
output: The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression. The underactive gland can cause slowed development in children. Some types of hypothyroidism are present at birth.
system: What is Gigantism?
output: Gigantism (acromegaly) and other growth hormone problems. If the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a child's bones and body parts may grow abnormally fast.
system: What is the role of the hypothalamus?
output: Hypothalamus: A part of the lower middle brain that tells the pituitary gland when to release hormones.
system: What do glands of the endocrine system do?
output: Each gland of the endocrine system releases specific hormones into your bloodstream. These hormones travel through your blood to other cells and help control or coordinate many body processes.
system: What can lead to an endocrine disorder?
output: Even the slightest hiccup with the function of one or more of these glands can throw off the delicate balance of hormones in your body and lead to an endocrine disorder, or endocrine disease.
system: What does the hypothalamus do?
output: Hypothalamus: A part of the lower middle brain that tells the pituitary gland when to release hormones.
system: What does the endocrine system do?
output: Ovaries: The female reproductive organs that release eggs and produce sex hormones. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in the U. S. Other endocrine disorders include: Adrenal insufficiency. Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels can help your doctors determine if you have an endocrine disorder.
system: What are symptoms of endocrine disorder?
output: Each gland of the endocrine system releases specific hormones into your bloodstream. However, most people with endocrine disease complain of fatigue and weakness.
system: What does the endocrine system influence?
output: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in the U. S. Other endocrine disorders include: Adrenal insufficiency. Blood and urine tests to check your hormone levels can help your doctors determine if you have an endocrine disorder.
system: How does Marfan syndrome affect your emotions?
output: Learning you have Marfan syndrome may cause you to feel angry, frightened or sad. You may need to make changes in your lifestyle and adjust to having careful medical follow-up the rest of your life. You may have financial concerns. You also need to consider the risk to your future children. The National Marfan Foundation can provide support.
system: What prescription medicines treat Marfan syndrome?
output: The approach depends on the structures affected and the severity: Medications Medications are typically not used to treat Marfan syndrome. However, your doctor may prescribe a beta-blocker, which decreases the forcefulness of the heartbeat and the pressure within the arteries, thus preventing or slowing the enlargement of the aorta. Beta-blocker therapy is usually started when the person with Marfan syndrome is young. Some people are unable to take beta-blockers because they have asthma or because of the medication's side effects, which may include drowsiness or weakness, headaches, slowed heartbeat, swelling of the hands and feet or trouble breathing and sleeping.
system: Who gets Marfan syndrome?
output: In most cases, Marfan syndrome is inherited from a parent, but 1 in 4 cases occurs in people with no known family history of the disease. It occurs equally in men and women, who have a 50% risk of passing on the gene to their children. Marfan syndrome is present at birth, but may not be diagnosed until adolescence or later. Everyone with Marfan syndrome has the same abnormal gene, but not everyone experiences the same symptoms to the same degree.
system: What parts of the body are affected by Marfan syndrome?
output: One of the biggest threats of Marfan syndrome is damage to the aorta, the artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Marfan syndrome can rupture the inner layers of the aorta, causing dissection that leads to bleeding in the wall of the vessel. Aortic dissection can be deadly. Surgery may be required to replace the affected part of the aorta. If the disease is suspected, the doctor will perform a thorough physical exam of the eyes, heart and blood vessels, and muscle and skeletal system, obtain a history of symptoms and information about family members that may have had the disorder, to determine if you have it.
system: How is Marfan syndrome diagnosed?
output: If the disease is suspected, the doctor will perform a thorough physical exam of the eyes, heart and blood vessels, and muscle and skeletal system, obtain a history of symptoms and information about family members that may have had the disorder, to determine if you have it. Other tests, such as a chest X-ray, an electrocardiogram ( ECG), and an echocardiogram will be used to evaluate changes in the heart and blood vessels, and detect heart rhythm problems. Ask your cardiologist about activity guidelines for you.
system: What happens during an upper endoscopy?
output: During an upper endoscopy, an endoscope is easily passed through the mouth and throat and into the esophagus, allowing the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine.
system: What is an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)?
output: Endoscopic ultrasound or EUS combines upper endoscopy and ultrasound examination to obtain images and information about various parts of the digestive tract.
system: What is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography?
output: A special form of endoscopy called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, or ERCP, allows pictures of the pancreas, gallbladder, and related structures to be taken. ERCP is also used for stent placement and biopsies.
system: Who performs an endoscopy?
output: Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include: Perforation (tear in the gut wall) Reaction to sedation Infection Bleeding Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office. However, all of the other endoscopy procedures are usually performed by gastroenterology specialists (gastroenterologists). Other specialists such as gastrointestinal surgeons also can perform many of these procedures.
system: Is endoscopy safe?
output: Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include: Perforation (tear in the gut wall) Reaction to sedation Infection Bleeding Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office.
system: Why do I need an endoscopy?
output: Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate: Stomach pain Ulcers, gastritis, or difficulty swallowing Digestive tract bleeding Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation or diarrhea) Polyps or growths in the colon In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal of tissue) to look for the presence of disease. Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from an ulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer. Also, using ERCP, gallstones that have passed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can often be removed.
system: What is an endoscopy?
output: Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor.
system: What is a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy?
output: In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day before the procedure.
system: How do I prepare for endoscopy?
output: During an upper endoscopy, an endoscope is easily passed through the mouth and throat and into the esophagus, allowing the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. To examine the colon, it must be cleared of stool. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day before the procedure. For most examinations with an endoscope, a sedative is provided. This increases the comfort of the individual undergoing the examination. The sedative, which is administered via an injection into the vein, produces relaxation and light sleep. There are usually few if any recollections of the procedure. Patients wake up within an hour, but the effects of the medicines are more prolonged, so it is not safe to drive until the next day. General anesthesia (puts you totally asleep for a period of time) is given in only very special circumstances (in young children, and when very complex procedures are planned).
system: What is used to treat myoclonus?
output: Drugs that can help myoclonus include: Tranquilizers: Clonazepam ( Klonopin) is often the first drug doctors use. It relaxes your muscles to keep them from twitching. Common side effects include feeling sleepy and being a bit clumsy. Because of that, your doctor will likely start with a very small dose. She'll prescribe bigger doses until your symptoms go away. Anti-seizure drugs: Medicines like levetiracetam ( Keppra) and primidone ( Mysoline) prevent seizures in people with epilepsy. But they can also help with myoclonus. Side effects include nausea, fatigue, and feeling dizzy. Botox injections: The botulinum toxin "freezes" your muscles and keeps them from twitching. This may work best if myoclonus affects only one area of your body.
system: What is palatal myoclonus?
output: Palatal myoclonus: This is a tremor in the roof or soft palate of your mouth. Your face, tongue, diaphragm, and throat may be involved. These muscle twitches come fast. You could have as many as 150 a minute. Bursts of movement might happen while you sleep.
system: How is myoclonus diagnosed?
output: Other nervous system conditions that can cause myoclonus include: Stroke Brain tumor Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia Sometimes the cause is a medical condition, such as: Head or spinal cord injury Infection Kidney or liver failure Medication reaction Lack of oxygen Your doctor will do an exam and take note of which parts of your body have spasms. He may recommend the following: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This tracks and records the patterns of electrical activity in your brain to figure out where the myoclonus starts. The doctor will put small discs (called electrodes) on your scalp. He'll connect them to wires that send signals to a computer. Electromyography ( EMG): This test checks the health of your muscles and the nerve cells that control them. It uses electrodes to sense and record the signals your nerves send to your muscles.
system: What is myoclonus?
output: This is sudden jerking, quivering, or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles. You can have one episode or many in a row. And they can last as long as a few minutes. Some types of myoclonus happen to healthy people. A hiccup or doing a double take when something startles you are common examples. But some people have myoclonus because of a health problem like MS, dementia, or Parkinson's disease.
system: How does Botox help treat myoclonus?
output: Botox injections: The botulinum toxin "freezes" your muscles and keeps them from twitching. This may work best if myoclonus affects only one area of your body.
system: Which medical conditions can cause myoclonus?
output: Other nervous system conditions that can cause myoclonus include: Stroke Brain tumor Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia Sometimes the cause is a medical condition, such as: Head or spinal cord injury Infection Kidney or liver failure Medication reaction Lack of oxygen Your doctor will do an exam and take note of which parts of your body have spasms.
system: What is sleep myoclonus?
output: Sleep myoclonus: Your muscles spasm while you sleep. It mainly affects your lips, eyes, fingers, and toes. It's rare, but it might wake you up.
system: What is electromyography?
output: Electromyography ( EMG): This test checks the health of your muscles and the nerve cells that control them. It uses electrodes to sense and record the signals your nerves send to your muscles.
system: How can magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) help with the diagnosis of myoclonus?
output: Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI): Your doctor will use this test to take detailed pictures of your brain, spinal cord, and other body parts that might be involved.
system: How can an electroencephalogram (EEG) help diagnose myoclonus?
output: He may recommend the following: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This tracks and records the patterns of electrical activity in your brain to figure out where the myoclonus starts. The doctor will put small discs (called electrodes) on your scalp.
system: There are two effective treatments for social phobia: prescription medication and behavioral therapy. Teens may receive both at the same time.
output: Reticular reflex myoclonus: Twitching or jerking throughout your whole body can happen with this kind of myoclonus. Triggers include movements or something you see or hear.
system: What is brainstem myoclonus?
output: Brainstem myoclonus: A sudden noise or something you see might cause a grimace. Your elbows, knees, neck, and other parts of your body may flex.
system: What is cortical reflex myoclonus?
output: Cortical reflex myoclonus: This is the most common type of myoclonus. People who have this are prone to sudden jerk-like movements in their upper limbs and face.
system: What is action myoclonus?
output: The types of myoclonus include: Action myoclonus: It's triggered by movement. It can affect your arms, legs, face, and voice.
system: When do you need surgery to treat myoclonus?
output: If you have multiple sclerosis ( MS), you may sometimes get muscle spasms, also called myoclonus. He may recommend the following: Electroencephalogram ( EEG): This tracks and records the patterns of electrical activity in your brain to figure out where the myoclonus starts. Continue Reading Below Surgery: You might need it to remove the brain or spinal cord lesion that's causing your symptoms. Deep brain stimulation ( DBS): In this surgical procedure, your doctor implants electrodes into your brain and uses wire to connect them with a gadget implanted in your chest. You can use it to send out signals that block the ones causing your myoclonus. DBS can lower the number of muscle twitches, but like all surgeries, there are risks.
system: What are sleep-related eating disorders?
output: Sleep-related eating disorders are characterized by abnormal eating patterns during the night.
system: How can sleep-related eating disorders affect you?
output: Both of these conditions can interfere with an individual's nutrition, cause shame, and result in depression and weight gain.
system: What are symptoms of night eating syndrome (NES) related to sleep-related eating disorder?
output: Symptoms of NES include the following and often persist for at least two months: Little or no appetite for breakfast Eating more food after dinner than during the meal Eating more than half of daily food intake after dinner hour Recurrent awakenings from sleep that require eating to fall back asleep NS- RED and NES differ, in that people with NES eat when they are conscious.
system: Does cognitive behavioral therapy help you get better sleep if you have fibromyalgia?
output: The technique called cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, teaches you to change thought patterns for the better. Using CBT for fibro-related insomnia may improve alertness and thinking ability and lessen anxiety. It can be especially helpful if you're stuck in a negative thought spiral: Many people worry that they won't be able to sleep because of their pain, which in turn makes the pain worse so it's harder to sleep.
system: How hard is it to learn what foods I can and can't eat on a Low-FODMAP diet?
output: The goal is to figure out what foods trigger your digestive problems and create a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need but only includes the FODMAPs you can handle.
system: What is the success rate of FODMAP diets?
output: But in a study published in the journal Gastroenterology, about 3 out of 4 people with IBS had their symptoms ease right away after starting a low- FODMAP diet and felt the most relief after 7 days or more on the plan. Remember, FODMAPs aren't bad. Many foods that are rich in them encourage the growth of good bacteria in the gut.
system: Who should you work with if you're considering a low-FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: So it's a good idea to work with a gastroenterologist and a dietitian who can help you limit FODMAPs with a balanced diet that meets all your nutritional needs.
system: Which foods are high in FODMAPs?
output: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.
system: How can you introduce other foods after a FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: You might discover that you're only sensitive to one or two FODMAP carbs, not all of them. For instance, maybe dairy is a problem, but grains are OK for you. Or maybe you have trouble digesting high- FODMAP fruits or vegetables, but nothing else is a problem.
system: How effective is avoiding FODMAPs for helping irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: But in a study published in the journal Gastroenterology, about 3 out of 4 people with IBS had their symptoms ease right away after starting a low- FODMAP diet and felt the most relief after 7 days or more on the plan. Remember, FODMAPs aren't bad. Many foods that are rich in them encourage the growth of good bacteria in the gut.
system: Which foods are low in FODMAPs?
output: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.
system: What is the goal of a FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: The goal is to figure out what foods trigger your digestive problems and create a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need but only includes the FODMAPs you can handle.
system: Do some people have trouble eating FODMAPs?
output: But some people are sensitive to them. FODMAPs draw water into your digestive tract, which could make you bloated. If you eat too much of them, they can hang around in your gut and ferment.
system: What types of carbs are FODMAPs?
output: These types of carbs are FODMAPs: Fructose: Fruits, honey, high-fructose corn syrup, agave Lactose: Dairy Fructans: Wheat, onions, garlic Galactans: Legumes, such as beans, lentils, and soybeans Polyols: Sugar alcohols and fruits that have pits or seeds, such as apples, avocados, cherries, figs, peaches, or plums Avoiding FODMAPs doesn't help everyone.
system: How can I figure out what FODMAP foods I can eat and which I can't?
output: Once your tummy calms down, you can bring back foods one at a time at a rate of one item per week. You might discover that you're only sensitive to one or two FODMAP carbs, not all of them.
system: Which foods are high in FODMAP?
output: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.
system: What is the goal of a FODMAP diet?
output: The goal is to figure out what foods trigger your digestive problems and create a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need but only includes the FODMAPs you can handle.
system: Which foods are low in FODMAP?
output: For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.
system: Who can help me figure out a diet plan to help my IBS?
output: So it's a good idea to work with a gastroenterologist and a dietitian who can help you limit FODMAPs with a balanced diet that meets all your nutritional needs. For instance, maybe dairy is a problem, but grains are OK for you.
system: What is it like if you're considering a low-FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
output: If FODMAPs are the culprit, you'll probably start to feel better quickly. You'll have many foods you can eat on this diet, but there's a steep learning curve about which foods are high in FODMAPs and what you could choose instead. You might discover that you're only sensitive to one or two FODMAP carbs, not all of them.
system: What are FODMAPs?
output: Never heard of FODMAPs? They are a type of carb. But this is not your typical low-carb diet. For most people, FODMAPs are not a problem unless you eat too much of them. FODMAPs draw water into your digestive tract, which could make you bloated. If you eat too much of them, they can hang around in your gut and ferment.
system: What is a FODMAP diet and how does it treat IBS?
output: The diet only limits carbs that are "fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols." These types of carbs are FODMAPs: Fructose: Fruits, honey, high-fructose corn syrup, agave Lactose: Dairy Fructans: Wheat, onions, garlic Galactans: Legumes, such as beans, lentils, and soybeans Polyols: Sugar alcohols and fruits that have pits or seeds, such as apples, avocados, cherries, figs, peaches, or plums Avoiding FODMAPs doesn't help everyone. But in a study published in the journal Gastroenterology, about 3 out of 4 people with IBS had their symptoms ease right away after starting a low- FODMAP diet and felt the most relief after 7 days or more on the plan. For example, these foods are high in FODMAPs: Anything made with wheat, barley, or rye Apples Artichokes Artificial sweeteners like in chewing gum Beans Cashews Cauliflower Dried fruits Garlic and onions High-fructose corn syrup Honey Ice cream Mushrooms Pistachios Watermelon Low- FODMAP foods include: Almond, coconut, rice, and soy milks Bananas Bell peppers Blueberries Carrots Cucumbers Grapes Oats Potatoes Quinoa Rice Spinach, kale, and other leafy greens Tangerines Tomatoes There are many other foods on the high and low lists.