laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is a valid option other than surgery for treating stage zero breast cancer?
output: There are three main treatment options: Lumpectomy only, a surgery that removes the abnormal cells and a little of the normal tissue near them Lumpectomy and radiation Mastectomy, a surgery that removes the entire breast Some experts believe âwatchful waitingâ is another valid option. About one third of the women with DCIS will get invasive cancer. Your doctor might suggest that you skip immediate treatment and keep a close eye on your condition instead. It's controversial. If you have surgery (and maybe radiation) right away, you might protect yourself from ever getting invasive cancer. Or you could end up going through painful procedures for no good reason. But if you skip surgery and radiation at first and choose to get more frequent screening tests, there's a chance you'll end up with cancer that's more advanced (and harder to treat) by the time doctors find it. It's a choice only you and your doctor can make.
system: What are the treatment options for stage zero breast cancer?
output: There are three main treatment options: Lumpectomy only, a surgery that removes the abnormal cells and a little of the normal tissue near them Lumpectomy and radiation Mastectomy, a surgery that removes the entire breast Some experts believe âwatchful waitingâ is another valid option.
system: What are the types of stage zero breast cancer?
output: There are two types of stage 0 breast cancer: Noninvasive Paget's disease, a rare form of breast cancer in the nipple Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS). This is what most people mean when they talk about stage 0 breast cancer. The abnormal cells are still in your milk ducts and haven't affected the fatty tissue that makes up most of your breast. There's no known cause, and most people don't have any symptoms, though you may notice a lump or bloody discharge from your nipple. The abnormal cells may or may not become invasive and start to spread. There's no way to predict if this will happen.
system: What is aromatherapy used for?
output: You shouldn't use aromatherapy instead of your regular medical treatment. But for some conditions, research shows that aromatherapy can have health benefits. It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe.
system: How does aromatherapy work?
output: Experts think aromatherapy activates areas in your nose called smell receptors, which send messages through your nervous system to your brain. The oils may activate certain areas of your brain, like your limbic system, which plays a role in your emotions. They could also have an impact on your hypothalamus, which may respond to the oil by creating feel-good brain chemicals like serotonin. Some experts think that when you put essential oils on your skin, they cause a response in your skin and other parts of your body, like your joints.
system: How safe is aromatherapy?
output: It may: Ease stress, anxiety, and depression Boost feelings of relaxation Improve sleep Help improve quality of life for people with long-term health problems like dementia Ease certain types of pain, including pain from kidney stones and osteoarthritis of the knee Fight bacteria when you put them on your skin Ease some of the side effects of cancer treatment, like nausea and pain Aromatherapy is generally safe. Essential oils can cause side effects, though. Some can irritate your eyes, skin, or mucous membranes in your nose. They can also cause mild allergic reactions. If you drink some essential oils they can hurt your kidneys or liver. It's rare that people take essential oils by mouth, and you shouldn't do it unless your doctor says it's OK. If you're new to aromatherapy, work with an aromatherapist or your doctor.
system: Why do doctors prescribe nitroglycerin for chest pain?
output: Doctors usually prescribe nitroglycerin for angina pectoris, which often is called just "angina." It's sudden heart-related chest pain. It happens because something prevents the flow of blood to your heart muscle. Nitroglycerin helps widen the blood vessels so more blood gets to your heart muscle. That helps stop the pain.
system: Why is it dangerous to take ED medicine with nitroglycerin?
output: Prescription ED pills include: Avanafil ( Stendra) Sildenafil ( Viagra) Tadalafil ( Cialis) Vardenafil ( Levitra, Staxyn) Why shouldn't you take your ED medicine with your nitroglycerin? The reason is that both lower your blood pressure. Taken together, your blood pressure may get to a very low, and dangerous, level. Because of this effect, the American Heart Association warns against it. You may still be able to take both medicines, at different times. Talk with your doctor about how long you should wait between taking the two medicines.
system: What should you do if you take nitroglycerin and still have chest pain?
output: If you take your nitroglycerin as instructed and you still have chest pain, get medical help right away.
system: When should you take nitroglycerin for chest pain?
output: That means taking it before activities that are more likely to cause it. For example, you might take it 5 to 10 minutes before you go for a bike ride. You might also take it before: Exercise Physical activity like carrying heavy items, using the vacuum, or raking leaves Sex (don't take erectile dysfunction medicines at the same time) Situations that make you feel worried, anxious, or angry You may take your nitroglycerin when you first feel the symptoms of angina. You should not take nitroglycerin if: You have taken the maximum amount of short-acting nitroglycerin prescribed by your doctor You know your blood pressure is very low.
system: How can people with age-related macular degeneration see better?
output: Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision.
system: What is photodynamic laser therapy for AMD?
output: Photodynamic laser therapy. A two-step treatment in which a light-sensitive drug ( Visudyne) is used to damage the abnormal blood vessels. A doctor injects the drug into the bloodstream to be absorbed by the abnormal blood vessels in the eye. The doctor then shines a cold laser into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels.
system: What medications treat age-related macular degeneration?
output: These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits.
system: Can dry AMD become wet AMD?
output: Most patients with macular degeneration have the dry form of the disease and can lose some form of central vision. However, the dry form of macular degeneration can lead to the wet form. Although only about 10% of people with macular degeneration develop the wet form, they make up the majority of those who experience serious vision loss from the disease. It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis.
system: Does wet macular degeneration ever go away?
output: Unfortunately, even after wet macular degeneration treatment, the condition can recur and require repeated treatments. Because of this, individuals with macular degeneration must test their own vision regularly and follow the recommendations of their ophthalmologist. Successful and timely treatment will slow the rate of vision loss and often improve vision.
system: What tests diagnose age-related macular degeneration?
output: If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye.
system: How fast does age-related macular degeneration progress?
output: The dry form of age-related macular degeneration is much more common and tends to progress more slowly, allowing you to keep most of your vision.
system: How is age-related macular degeneration diagnosed?
output: Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration.
system: Is there a cure for macular degeneration?
output: Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease.
system: How does laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?
output: High-energy laser light can sometimes be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels that occur in macular degeneration.
system: How can laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?
output: High-energy laser light can sometimes be used to destroy actively growing abnormal blood vessels that occur in macular degeneration.
system: How many people get dry or wet forms of macular degeneration?
output: Most patients with macular degeneration have the dry form of the disease and can lose some form of central vision. However, the dry form of macular degeneration can lead to the wet form. Although only about 10% of people with macular degeneration develop the wet form, they make up the majority of those who experience serious vision loss from the disease. It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis.
system: How is macular degeneration diagnosed?
output: Age-related macular degeneration can be detected in a routine eye exam. One of the most common early signs of macular degeneration is the presence of drusen -- tiny yellow deposits under the retina -- or pigment clumping. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that resemble a checkerboard. Some of the straight lines may appear wavy to you, or you may notice that some of the lines are missing. These can be signs of macular degeneration.
system: What happens after age-related macular degeneration is detected?
output: If your doctor detects age-related macular degeneration, you may have a procedure called angiography or an OCT. In angiography, a dye is injected into a vein in the arm. Photographs are taken as the dye reaches the eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. If there are new vessels or vessels leaking fluid or blood in the macula, the photographs will show their exact location and type. OCT is able to see fluid or blood underneath the retina without using dye. Early detection of age-related macular degeneration is very important because there are treatments that can delay or reduce the severity of the disease.
system: What is dry form age-related macular degeneration?
output: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. In the advanced stages, patients lose central vision.
system: How do low vision aids treat age-related macular degeneration?
output: Devices that have special lenses or electronic systems that produce enlarged images of nearby objects. They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision.
system: What are the risk factors for macular degeneration?
output: As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration.
system: How do anti-angiogenesis drugs treat macular degeneration?
output: These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. This treatment has been a major change in the treatment of this condition and many patients have actually regained vision that was lost. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits.
system: What are the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration?
output: As the name suggests, age-related macular degeneration is more common in older adults. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60. Macular degeneration may be hereditary, meaning it can be passed on from parents to children. If someone in your family has or had the condition you may be at higher risk for developing macular degeneration. Talk to your eye doctor about your individual risk. Smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, and being light skinned, female, and having a light eye color are also risk factors for macular degeneration.
system: Are there new treatments for age-related macular degeneration?
output: There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, but treatments may prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease considerably. These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. Retinal translocation. A surgical procedure used to destroy abnormal blood vessels that are located directly under the center of the macula, where a laser beam cannot be placed safely. In the procedure, the macular center is rotated away from the abnormal blood vessels to a healthy area of the retina, thus preventing the formation of scar tissue and further damage to the retina. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.
system: What are the types of age-related macular degeneration?
output: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. A few small drusen may not cause changes in vision; however, as they grow in size and increase in number, they may lead to a dimming or distortion of vision that people find most noticeable when they read. In more advanced stages of dry macular degeneration, there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy, or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry macular degeneration, patients may have blind spots in the center of their vision. The "wet" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid underneath the macula. These blood vessels leak blood and fluid into the retina, causing distortion of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as well as blind spots and loss of central vision. These abnormal blood vessels and their bleeding eventually form a scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision.
system: What is age-related macular degeneration?
output: It occurs when the small central portion of the retina, known as the macula, deteriorates. The retina is the light-sensing nerve tissue at the back of the eye. Although macular degeneration is almost never a totally blinding condition, it can be a source of significant visual disability. In fact, it is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over age 60.
system: What is the outlook for people with age-related macular degeneration?
output: They help people who have vision loss from macular degeneration make the most of their remaining vision. They may have poor central vision, but they are still able to perform many normal daily activities.
system: How does photodynamic laser therapy treat age-related macular degeneration?
output: The doctor then shines a cold laser into the eye to activate the drug, damaging the abnormal blood vessels. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.
system: What are experimental treatments for age-related macular degeneration?
output: There is currently no cure for macular degeneration, but treatments may prevent severe vision loss or slow the progression of the disease considerably. These medications ( Aflibercept, Avastin, Eyelea, Lucentis, Macugen) block the development of new blood vessels and leakage from the abnormal vessels within the eye that cause wet macular degeneration. Retinal translocation. A surgical procedure used to destroy abnormal blood vessels that are located directly under the center of the macula, where a laser beam cannot be placed safely. In the procedure, the macular center is rotated away from the abnormal blood vessels to a healthy area of the retina, thus preventing the formation of scar tissue and further damage to the retina. Once moved away from the abnormal blood vessels, a laser is used to treat the abnormal blood vessels.
system: Does age-related macular degeneration recur?
output: It is very important for people with macular degeneration to monitor their eyesight carefully and see their eye doctor on a regular basis. The treatment may need to be repeated during follow-up visits. Successful and timely treatment will slow the rate of vision loss and often improve vision.
system: What does the wet form of macular degeneration cause?
output: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in people over age 60. Your doctor can see these when examining the eyes.
system: What is wet form age-related macular degeneration?
output: The "dry" form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula. These abnormal blood vessels and their bleeding eventually form a scar, leading to permanent loss of central vision. The wet form of macular degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss.
system: Can I take antibiotics for swimmer's ear?
output: Oral or IV antibiotics.
system: What happens if swimmer's ear goes untreated?
output: One serious infection is called malignant (necrotizing) external otitis, which is more common in older people with diabetes and immune problems like HIV. Once you start treatment, you'll probably start feeling better within a few days.
system: What can happen if you don't treat swimmer's ear?
output: One serious infection is called malignant (necrotizing) external otitis, which is more common in older people with diabetes and immune problems like HIV. Once you start treatment, you'll probably start feeling better within a few days.
system: What will my doctor do for swimmer's ear?
output: For swimmer's ear treatments to work well, your doctor will first need to gently clean out any gunk that's blocking your ear canal, like fluid, dead skin, and extra wax. Usually, you need to: Tilt your head or lie on your side when you put the drops into your ear Stay in that position for 3 to 5 minutes to let the drops soak in Put a cotton ball into your ear, and leave it there for 20 minutes to keep the drops in Repeat three to four times a day, or as your doctor recommends You may find it easier to have somebody in your family put in the drops for you. That's usually 7 to 14 days. But if the infection is more serious or has spread, you may need other types of treatment.
system: Can I go in the water if I am taking medication for swimmer's ear?
output: When you shower, gently put cotton balls coated with petroleum jelly into your ears to keep out water. You may need a different approach to get rid of the infection.
system: What should you do during the healing process of your swimmer's ear?
output: When you shower, gently put cotton balls coated with petroleum jelly into your ears to keep out water. You may need a different approach to get rid of the infection.
system: What happens if you can't stop your snoring on your own?
output: If none of these tips helps, talk to your doctor. There are a variety of medical treatments that may reduce or eliminate snoring. For mild forms of snoring caused by swelling of the lining of your nose, a doctor may prescribe a steroid nasal spray to take before going to sleep. He or she may also suggest dental appliances or nasal strips. For more severe forms of snoring due to sleep apnea, surgical procedures or continuous positive airway pressure may be prescribed.
system: What are ways to avoid snoring for the occasional snorer?
output: Avoid tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and antihistamines before you go to bed. Avoid alcohol and heavy meals (or snacks) at least four hours before you sleep. Establish regular sleeping patterns. For example, try to go to bed at the same time every night. Sleep on your side rather than on your back. Raise the head of your bed up four inches. Raise the whole bed, not just pillows.
system: Your doctor may recommend removing certain tissues of the soft palate that may be obstructing your breathing.
output: Surgery Surgery may be needed to correct a physical problem that is causing you to snore.
system: Do I need surgery to treat my snoring?
output: Surgery Surgery may be needed to correct a physical problem that is causing you to snore. Surgical options include: Somnoplasty: A minimally invasive procedure to reduce the soft tissue in the upper airway or back of the throat Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: Removing the tonsils and/or adenoids may be needed to prevent snoring. Palate surgery: Your doctor may recommend removing certain tissues of the soft palate that may be obstructing your breathing. Upper airway stimulator: This device, called Inspire, is a treatment for people who have sleep apnea. It consists of a small pulse generator placed under the skin in the upper chest. A wire leading to the lung detects the person's natural breathing pattern. Another wire, leading up to the neck, delivers mild stimulation to nerves that control airway muscles, keeping them open. A doctor can program the device from an external remote. Also, the user has a remote to turn it on before bed and turn off upon waking in the morning.