laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What is a dental cap?
output: If a large piece of tooth breaks off or the tooth has a lot of decay, the dentist may grind or file away part of the remaining tooth and cover it with a crown, or tooth-shaped cap, made to protect the tooth and improve its appearance. Permanent crowns can be made from metal, porcelain fused to metal, all resin, or all ceramic. If the entire top of the tooth is broken off but the root is still intact, the dentist or an endodontist (a dentist who specializes in root canals) may perform root canal therapy and place a pin or a post in the canal, and then build up enough of a structure onto which a crown can be made. Later, the dentist can cement the crown over the pin or post-retained restoration. If a front tooth is broken or chipped, a dental veneer can make it look whole and healthy again.
system: Who gets rosacea?
output: For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: Have light skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes Are between ages 30 and 50 Are a woman Have family members with rosacea Had severe acne Smoke There isn't a cure for rosacea, but treatments can help you manage the redness, bumps, and other symptoms.
system: What procedures treat rosacea?
output: Your doctor may also recommend some procedures to treat your rosacea, such as: Lasers that use intense light to get rid of blood vessels that have gotten bigger Dermabrasion, which sands off the top layer of skin Electrocautery, an electric current that zaps damaged blood vessels There's a lot you can do on your own.
system: How should you care for skin with rosacea?
output: Use one that's a broad spectrum (blocks UVA and UVB rays) and SPF 30 or higher whenever you go outside. It's especially helpful in cold weather. Massage your face. Gently rub your skin in a circular motion. Put a green-tinted cover-up on your face to hide redness and broken blood vessels. Get out of the heat and sun and cool off in an air-conditioned room. Care for your eyes. If rosacea has made them red and irritated, use a watered-down baby shampoo or eyelid cleaner to gently clean your eyelids every day. Also put a warm compress on your eyes a few times a day.
system: Which drugs treat hypersomnia?
output: These may include: Stimulants, such as methylphenidate ( Ritalin) or modafinil ( Provigil) Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), citalopram ( Celexa), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft) Sodium oxybate ( Xyrem) is used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy
system: What are the symptoms of anthrax on your skin?
output: If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation.
system: What are the symptoms of eating anthrax?
output: If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation.
system: How is meningitis caused by anthrax diagnosed?
output: If you might have meningitis caused by anthrax, you may need to get a spinal tap, in which your doctor takes a bit of your spinal fluid to test.
system: How is anthrax diagnosed in the skin?
output: If you have skin symptoms, your doctor may take a small sample of the affected skin to test in a lab. You might get an X-ray of your chest or CT scan if your doctor thinks you might have inhalation anthrax. And a stool test can look for signs of anthrax bacteria in order to diagnose gastrointestinal anthrax.
system: How can you be exposed to anthrax?
output: Inject tainted heroin (known as âinjection anthrax,â it has happened only in northern Europe so far) Most people who get anthrax work with infected animals, or with animal products like wool or hide. If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation.
system: What are symptoms of breathing in anthrax spores?
output: If you get anthrax through a cut or sore on your skin, you might have: A group of small, itchy blisters or a bump that looks like a bug bite A sore on your skin that shows up after the blisters (usually painless and appearing on the face, neck, arms, or hands) Swelling around the sore If you eat or drink something that contains the spores, such as the undercooked meat of an infected animal, your symptoms could include: Fever, chills Swelling in your neck or glands and pain when you swallow Nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting, which may be bloody Diarrhea that may be bloody Headache Stomachache Redness in your eyes and face Fainting Pain and swelling in your abdomen If you breathe in anthrax spores, this is the most dangerous situation. You could have: Flulike symptoms including fever, fatigue, body aches, and sore throat. These can last a few hours or days. Shortness of breath Nausea Coughing up blood Pain when you swallow An uncomfortable feeling in your chest Dizziness or confusion Sweating If it worsens, you could also have other symptoms like shock or trouble breathing, or develop a condition called meningitis, which means there is inflammation in the membraines surrounding your brain and spinal cord. This can be life-threatening.
system: How is anthrax diagnosed in the blood?
output: You might also get other tests, depending on the part of your body that's affected. If you have skin symptoms, your doctor may take a small sample of the affected skin to test in a lab. You might get an X-ray of your chest or CT scan if your doctor thinks you might have inhalation anthrax.
system: What causes anthrax?
output: Anthrax is caused by a type of bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. Again, it's rare in the United States, but it can live in the soil. The bacteria make spores, which are a form of the bacteria that live in a protective shell. These spores can survive for a long time, even years, in soil. You can get anthrax if spores get into your body, break open and release the bacteria, which make toxins (poison) that harm you.
system: What are the symptoms of anthrax from illegal drugs?
output: If you get anthrax by injecting illegal drugs like heroin, you might have: A group of small blisters or bumps that may be itchy, or redness and swelling where you injected the drug Fever and chills A painless ulcer that replaces the bumps or blisters and has a black center Pockets of pus around the injection site, either under the skin or in your muscle If the disease gets worse, you could go into shock, develop meningitis, or your organs could stop working.
system: How can you become infected with anthrax?
output: It usually only affects farm animals like cows and sheep. But it's possible to become infected if you're in contact with infected animals or products that come from them. Anthrax has also been found in people who have injected heroin. Others at risk for anthrax include people who work with anthrax in a lab or those exposed to it because of bioterroism. Anthrax isn't contagious, so you can't spread it to other people. You should see a doctor right away if you think you might have been exposed to it.
system: How do you take PCSK9 inhibitors?
output: PCSK9 inhibitors are given as a shot every 2 or 4 weeks. You'll need to inject the medicine in your upper arm, stomach, or upper thigh. The doctor will teach you how to do it properly. The injection is usually easy with little pain. And you won't have to remember to take a pill every day.
system: What makes PCSK9 inhibitors different from statins?
output: Statins work in a different way. One main way they work is to block an enzyme that your liver needs to make cholesterol. This lowers your LDL level. Statins are taken as pills, while PCSK9 inhibitors come only as shots. PCSK9 inhibitors can be used with statins to boost their benefit. The combination can lower LDL levels by more than half.
system: Who shouldn't take PCSK9 inhibitors?
output: Most people with high cholesterol don't need PCSK9 inhibitors. The FDA has only approved alirocumab and evolocumab for people with genetic high cholesterol or serious heart disease including those who've already had a heart attack or stroke and who need their LDL cholesterol lower. If you don't have either of these conditions, your doctor will likely recommend another treatment.
system: How effective are PCSK9 inhibitors at lowering LDL cholesterol?
output: In fact, one review of studies found that PCSK9 inhibitors slash LDL levels by an average of 47%. This protects your heart: The drugs were shown to reduce the risk of heart attack by 27%.
system: Should you ask your doctor about PCSK9 inhibitors if you're at risk for a heart attack or stroke?
output: You're at risk for heart attack or stroke: If you already have heart disease and other medications, like statins, aren't working, your doctor may consider PCSK9 inhibitors.
system: Can you be prescribed PCSK9 inhibitors with other drugs?
output: You're at risk for heart attack or stroke: If you already have heart disease and other medications, like statins, aren't working, your doctor may consider PCSK9 inhibitors.
system: Should you ask your doctor about PCSK9 inhibitors if you have genetic high cholesterol?
output: You may want to ask your doctor about PCSK9 inhibitors if: You have genetic high cholesterol: About 600 thousand Americans have a genetic disorder called familial hypercholesterolemia. It affects how your body processes cholesterol. For most people with this condition, even the highest dose of statins won't bring their LDL cholesterol down to a healthy level.
system: What are the serious risks of taking lithium for bipolar disorder?
output: People who take lithium also should consult with their doctor before taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, because those medications can increase lithium levels. There are a few serious risks to consider. The drug has been linked to certain birth defects and should be used with caution in pregnant women, especially during the first three months of pregnancy. The safety of breastfeeding while taking lithium is controversial and should be discussed in advance with your doctor. Also, in some people, long-term lithium treatment can interfere with kidney function or lead to permanent kidney damage -- which is why periodic monitoring of blood tests to measure kidney functioning is important.
system: What is intravenous immunoglobulin therapy used for?
output: If you get IVIg, it can help strengthen your immune system so you can fight infections and stay healthy.
system: How is immunoglobulin delivered?
output: During the therapy, prepared immunoglobulin is infused into your veins. A health care provider uses a needle to get into your vein. Then the medicine can flow from a bag through a tube into your arm. This takes about 2 to 4 hours. You'll probably go to an infusion center, hospital, clinic, or doctor's office to get the treatment.
system: How can intravenous immunoglobulin therapy help?
output: In autoimmune diseases like lupus, the treatment may help your body raise low red-blood-cell counts. Not enough of these and you can become anemic and feel very tired. IVIg helps stop the white blood cells of people with lupus from destroying their red blood cells. In people with myositis, the treatment may block your immune system's destruction of muscle cells.
system: What are the side effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIg)?
output: Most people tolerate IVIg well, but side effects can include low-grade fever, muscle or joint aches, and headaches just after your infusion. Call your doctor if you have a headache that doesn't get better after taking medicines. Get emergency medical help right away if you get hives, a tight feeling in your chest, or you wheeze. You might feel your best soon after your treatment, when the highest amount of immunoglobulin is in your body. As your body absorbs it , though, you may start to feel more weak or tired. You might feel your worst just before your next treatment.
system: Is Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIg) used as a replacement medication or additional medication?
output: In some cases, you may take IVIg along with immunosuppressants or other meds.
system: How often do you have intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?
output: Typically you'll have treatments every 3 to 4 weeks to keep your immune system strong. Your blood may break down about half of the immunoglobulin over that period, so you'll need another dose to keep fighting infections.
system: Who can get intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?
output: Both children and adults can have this therapy.
system: What is the dosage for intravenous immunoglobulin  therapy?
output: Your IVIg dosage depends on how much you weigh. The standard starting dosage is 400 to 600 mg/kg of your body weight per month.
system: What are the side effects of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?
output: Most people tolerate IVIg well, but side effects can include low-grade fever, muscle or joint aches, and headaches just after your infusion.
system: When should you call a doctor about intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?
output: If you get IVIg, it can help strengthen your immune system so you can fight infections and stay healthy. Get emergency medical help right away if you get hives, a tight feeling in your chest, or you wheeze.
system: What causes food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)?
output: You may notice that a couple of hours after your baby eats, she vomits over and over and then gets diarrhea. If you notice these signs, take your child to the hospital right away: Apparent confusion Cool or clammy skin Extreme thirst Pale or even blue skin Shallow breaths Sluggishness or tiredness Weak pulse The syndrome is caused by cells in your child's immune system that react badly to certain foods. This leads to a severe reaction in the gastrointestinal tract. About 40% to 80% of kids who have the allergy have family members who also have other types of allergies such as hay fever or eczema skin rashes. This will be done in a clinic or hospital.
system: What triggers food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)?
output: But if your child has a rare allergy called food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome ( FPIES), the reaction may not happen until a few hours after he eats. You may notice that a couple of hours after your baby eats, she vomits over and over and then gets diarrhea. Milk and dairy products, soy or soymilk, and wheat or other grains are the most common foods that cause an attack. Some kids also can be allergic to foods like the ones below that we don't usually think of as triggers: Barley Chicken or turkey Fish Green beans Oats Peas Rice Squash Sweet potatoes If you think your child has FPIES, see an allergist or pediatric gastroenterologist (a doctor who specializes in children's digestion issues).
system: What are symptoms of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)?
output: You may notice that a couple of hours after your baby eats, she vomits over and over and then gets diarrhea. Some children have symptoms that get worse over time, and they may not grow like they should. Severe attacks can lead to dehydration and shock. That can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure or body temperature. If you notice these signs, take your child to the hospital right away: Apparent confusion Cool or clammy skin Extreme thirst Pale or even blue skin Shallow breaths Sluggishness or tiredness Weak pulse The syndrome is caused by cells in your child's immune system that react badly to certain foods. This will be done in a clinic or hospital.
system: How is food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) diagnosed?
output: But if your child has a rare allergy called food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome ( FPIES), the reaction may not happen until a few hours after he eats. You may notice that a couple of hours after your baby eats, she vomits over and over and then gets diarrhea. An APT involves putting a possible trigger food into a metal cap that's put on your child's skin for 48 hours to see if there's a reaction. But these tests can't confirm that your child has FPIES. The only way to tell for sure is to do something called an oral food challenge, or OFC. Your child will eat foods you think may be triggers to see if there's a reaction. This will be done in a clinic or hospital.
system: What is food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)?
output: Unlike other food allergies, this one won't make your child wheeze, break out in hives, or get a rash. Instead, he may vomit or get diarrhea. FPIES typically starts when your child has formula or solid food. Breast milk doesn't usually trigger it, but it is possible. Many kids outgrow the allergy by age 3 or 4. But you may not see symptoms until 2 to 8 hours later. This will be done in a clinic or hospital.
system: How do hearing aids help with hearing loss?
output: Most people with permanent hearing loss can benefit from a hearing aid. You typically wear these tiny instruments in or behind your ear to make sounds louder. Things do sound different through a hearing aid though, so you should talk with your doctor to set realistic goals.
system: What other devices can help with hearing loss?
output: TV-listening systems make it possible for you to hear the television or radio without turning the volume way up. Different kinds of phone-amplifying devices as well as captioned phones that let you read what your caller is saying make conversations possible on home and mobile phones. Cochlear implants are used mainly with young children, but they're becoming more popular among older adults with profound hearing loss.
system: What are the treatments for hearing loss?
output: You may also: Have trouble following a conversation when more than one person speaks at once Think other people are mumbling or not speaking clearly Often misunderstand what others say and respond inappropriately Get complaints that the TV is too loud Hear ringing, roaring, or hissing sounds in your ears, known as tinnitus It depends on the type and source of your hearing loss. Prompt medical treatment for sudden hearing loss may raise your chance of recovery.
system: How common is hearing loss?
output: Modern life has added a host of ear-damaging elements to the list, including some medications and plenty of sources of loud, ongoing noise. With so many untreatable cases of hearing loss, prevention is the best way to keep hearing long-term. If you've already lost some hearing, there are ways to stay connected and communicate with friends and family. Advanced age is the most common cause of hearing loss.
system: What conditions play a role in hearing loss?
output: Certain conditions, including age, illness, and genetics, may play a role in hearing loss. Modern life has added a host of ear-damaging elements to the list, including some medications and plenty of sources of loud, ongoing noise.
system: How do medications cause hearing loss?
output: Certain medications can impair hearing or balance. More than 200 drugs and chemicals have a track record of triggering hearing and balance side effects in addition to their disease-fighting abilities. Some antibiotics Some chemotherapy drugs Aspirin Loop diuretics A drug used to treat malaria Several drugs for erectile dysfunction Sudden hearing loss, the rapid loss of 30 decibels or more of hearing ability, can happen over several hours or up to 3 days.
system: How can infection or ear wax cause hearing loss?
output: Infection or ear waxcan block ear canals and lessen hearing.
system: What medications are used to treat hearing loss?
output: Hearing loss caused by infection can often be cleared up with antibiotics. If you think your hearing loss stems from medication use, talk with your doctor about drug options.
system: What is the best way to keep good long-term hearing?
output: If you've already lost some hearing, there are ways to stay connected and communicate with friends and family. In many cases, hearing fades so slowly you don't notice it.
system: How can you take care of your ears to prevent hearing loss?
output: Most people with permanent hearing loss can benefit from a hearing aid. You typically wear these tiny instruments in or behind your ear to make sounds louder. TV-listening systems make it possible for you to hear the television or radio without turning the volume way up. For example, cross the street or cover your ears when you walk past a loud road construction site. If you work in a noisy workplace, talk to your employer about ear safety. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH) recommends that employers install barrier walls or mufflers in noisy plants to protect their workers' hearing.
system: How can you tell that you might have hearing loss?
output: But you may become more and more cut off from the world of speech and sounds. You may also: Have trouble following a conversation when more than one person speaks at once Think other people are mumbling or not speaking clearly Often misunderstand what others say and respond inappropriately Get complaints that the TV is too loud Hear ringing, roaring, or hissing sounds in your ears, known as tinnitus It depends on the type and source of your hearing loss.
system: How can a person with cystic fibrosis (CF) avoid germs when he visits the gym?
output: For instance: Wipe down equipment with an alcohol-based gel before you use it. Wash your hands after you touch any surface -- from treadmills to hairdryers. Stay at least 6 feet away from anyone who's sick.
system: Why does a person with cystic fibrosis (CF) often need extra calories?
output: It doesn't make the enzymes it needs to help digest food. This affects how well your body gets nutrients. You use more energy to breathe, fight infections, and maintain your weight than other people do. That's why people who have CF often need about twice the calories the average person needs in a day. Work with your CF care team to find out how many daily calories you need and the best way to get them.
system: Is exercise OK for people with cystic fibrosis (CF)?
output: Not only is it OK to exercise, but doctors recommend it. Exercise helps clear mucus out of your lungs. It strengthens your heart and muscles. The stronger you feel, the easier it is to do everyday tasks. Choose activities that you enjoy and that keep you moving.