laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Where can lung cancer spread to?
output: Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. It may be first discovered in a distant location, but is still called lung cancer if there is evidence it started there.
system: Who should undergo a low-dose helical CT screening for lung cancer?
output: However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say low-dose helical CTscreening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer. That includes smokers and former smokers ages 55 to 74 who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Their guidelines are based on research that showed CT screening decreases the chance of death overall but increases the chance of having a false alarm that requires more testing.
system: Can lung cancers spread to other parts of the body?
output: Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. It may be first discovered in a distant location, but is still called lung cancer if there is evidence it started there.
system: Does removal of fluid lining the lung help diagnose lung cancer or improve breathing symptoms?
output: If fluid is present in the area between the tissue layers lining the chest wall and lungs, removal of the fluid with a needle (called a thoracentesis) may help diagnose cancer as well as improve breathing symptoms. If the fluid tests negative for cancer cells -- which occurs about 60% of the time -- then a procedure known as a video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (or VATS) may be performed to examine the lining of the lung for tumors and to perform a biopsy.
system: Should low-dose helical CT screening be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer?
output: However, groups such as the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute say low-dose helical CTscreening should be offered to those at high risk of lung cancer. That includes smokers and former smokers ages 55 to 74 who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A pack-year is the number of cigarette packs smoked each day multiplied by the number of years a person has smoked. Their guidelines are based on research that showed CT screening decreases the chance of death overall but increases the chance of having a false alarm that requires more testing.
system: Are chest X-rays effective for diagnosing lung cancer?
output: Because saliva, mucus, and chest X-rays have not proved particularly effective in detecting small tumors characteristic of early lung cancer, annual chest X-rays for lung cancer screening are not recommended.
system: Do lung cancers affect blood levels?
output: Your doctor may suspect lung cancer if a routine physical exam reveals: Swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone Weak breathing Abnormal sounds in the lungs Dullness when the chest is tapped Unequal pupils Droopy eyelids Weakness in one arm Expanded veins in the arms, chest, or neck Swelling of the face Some lung cancers produce abnormally high blood levels of certain hormones or substances such as calcium. If a person shows such evidence and no other cause is apparent, a doctor should consider lung cancer.
system: How is lung cancer diagnosed?
output: Your doctor may suspect lung cancer if a routine physical exam reveals: Swollen lymph nodes above the collarbone Weak breathing Abnormal sounds in the lungs Dullness when the chest is tapped Unequal pupils Droopy eyelids Weakness in one arm Expanded veins in the arms, chest, or neck Swelling of the face Some lung cancers produce abnormally high blood levels of certain hormones or substances such as calcium.
system: How is diagnosis of lung cancer confirmed?
output: Though exams of mucus or lung fluid may reveal fully developed cancer cells, diagnosis of lung cancer is usually confirmed through a lung biopsy. With the patient lightly anesthetized, the doctor guides a thin, lighted tube through the nose or mouth and down the air passages to the site of the tumor, where a tiny tissue sample can be removed. This is called a bronchoscopy and the scope is called a bronchoscope. This is useful for tumors near the center of the lung.
system: What tests are used to diagnose the type of lung cancer?
output: Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, while imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, bone scans, and either an MRI or a CT scan of the brain can detect cancer elsewhere in the body.
system: Is lung cancer visible on an X-ray?
output: Once lung cancer begins to cause symptoms, it is usually visible on an X-ray. Occasionally, lung cancer that has not yet begun to cause symptoms is spotted on a chest X-ray taken for another purpose. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, while imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, bone scans, and either an MRI or a CT scan of the brain can detect cancer elsewhere in the body.
system: What tests do doctors use to determine the type of lung cancer and how far it has spread?
output: Lung cancer, which originates in the lungs, can also spread to other parts of the body, such as distant bones, the liver, adrenal glands, or the brain. Nearby lymph nodes can be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called a mediastinoscopy, while imaging techniques such as CT scans, PET scans, bone scans, and either an MRI or a CT scan of the brain can detect cancer elsewhere in the body.
system: How can you manage dilated pupils?
output: Try to avoid the drug in the future, if you can. If you need the medication for a health problem, ask your doctor if there's a different drug you can try that won't affect your eyes. While your eyes are dilated, they will be more sensitive to light than usual. Try to avoid bright places. Wear sunglasses when you go outside. Sometimes dilated pupils can affect your vision. Ask your eye doctor if you need to avoid driving until your pupils go back to their normal size.
system: When should you see your doctor about large pupils?
output: See your doctor or ophthalmologist for an exam if your pupils are enlarged and they don't get smaller in bright light. Get emergency help if you've had a head injury and your pupils look larger -- especially if one pupil is bigger than the other.
system: What should you know about why your pupils look big?
output: Those dark circles are your pupils, the openings that let light enter your eye so you can see. Muscles in the colored part of your eye, called the iris, control your pupil size. Your pupils get bigger or smaller, depending on the amount of light around you. In low light, your pupils open up, or dilate, to let in more light. When it's bright, they get smaller, or constrict, to let in less light. Sometimes your pupils can dilate without any change in the light. The medical term for it is mydriasis. Medicines, injuries, and diseases can all cause this eye condition.
system: What medicines can lead to your pupils looking big?
output: A few medicines can affect the muscles that control your pupils and prevent them from getting smaller when light shines in. These meds include: Atropine ( Atropen), which treats problems with heart rhythm, stomach issues, and some types of poisoning Antihistamines, like diphenhydramine ( Benadryl, Genahist, Naramin, Sominex, Unisom) Decongestants, like pseudoephedrine ( Afrinol, Sudafed) Motion sickness and anti-nausea medicines such as dimenhydrinate ( Dramamine) or a scopolamine patch Parkinson's medications such as amantadine ( Symmetrel) and carbidopa-levodopa ( Sinemet) Tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline ( Elavil) and desipramine ( Norpramin) Botulinum toxin ( Botox, Myobloc) Anti-seizure drugs, such as phenobarbital ( Luminal) and topiramate ( Topamax) Dilated pupils are one sign that someone has used illegal drugs, such as: Cocaine Amphetamines LSD Ecstasy These drugs affect the muscle that widens the pupil, slowing how it reacts to light.
system: How can you tell if an eye injury is causing your pupils to appear large?
output: An eye injury can damage nerves or the muscles in your iris that control your pupil size. That can also happen after eye surgery, such as cataract removal or corneal transplant.
system: How can you tell if benign episodic unilateral mydriasis is causing your pupils to appear large?
output: When it's bright, they get smaller, or constrict, to let in less light. Medicines, injuries, and diseases can all cause this eye condition. Ask your eye doctor if you need to avoid driving until your pupils go back to their normal size.
system: When should you talk to your doctor about hiccups?
output: Also, talk to your doctor immediately if you have any kind of stomach pain, fever, shortness of breath, vomiting, or cough up blood with your hiccups.
system: What causes hiccups?
output: Hiccups can happen for a lot of reasons -- some of them are physical, and some emotional. That's because the actual irritation happens in the nerve connecting the brain to the diaphragm. Some common causes include: Eating too much or too quickly Feeling nervous or excited Drinking carbonated beverages or too much alcohol Stress A sudden change in temperature Swallowing air while sucking on candy or chewing gum Hiccups are usually temporary, but in rare cases, they can stick around -- for a while.
system: What does black currant contain?
output: Health supplements are made from the black currant plant using its: Seed oil Leaves Fruit Flowers Black currant contains: Anthocyanidin, a type of pigment Gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid Alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid) and other omega-6 fats Some researchers believe these may help the immune system and lessen inflammation.
system: Does black currant have side effects?
output: The GLA in black currant seeds can sometimes cause side effects, such as: Headache Diarrhea Gas and belching But most people tend to have few problems with GLA. Allergy is a rare complication.
system: Why do some women take black currant seed oil?
output: Improve poor circulation from conditions such as peripheral artery disease ( PAD) Treat open angle glaucoma Some women take black currant seed oil, or other sources of gamma-linolenic acid, to try to treat symptoms of: Menopause Premenstrual syndrome Painful periods Breast tenderness People also take black currant to try to boost immunity or to try to treat a wide range of problems that include: Peripheral artery disease High blood pressure Problems with veins Arthritis People also apply it directly to the skin to try to help with wounds or insect bites.
system: Why should you tell your doctor about any black currant supplements you're taking?
output: Be sure to tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications or foods. He or she can let you know if the supplement might raise your risks.
system: What are optimal doses of black currant?
output: Optimal doses of black currant have not been set for any condition. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it hard to set a standard dose. Be sure to tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural.
system: How safe is black currant?
output: You can eat the berry of the black currant plant. The berry is also used as a flavoring in liqueurs and other products. More information is needed to know whether its dried leaf is safe.
system: Why should you recheck your dog's collar in the winter?
output: Recheck his collar, tag, and chip: It’s easier for dogs to get lost in the winter than at other times of the year. If he gets away from you, piles of snow and ice can cover up the familiar scents he would normally use to find his way back home. So make sure his collar is secure, his tag information is up to date and, if he has a microchip, make sure the registration for that is current.
system: How should you care for your dog's skin in the winter?
output: Take care of sensitive skin: Just like your skin, your dog’s skin gets drier, itchier, and flakier in the winter. Don’t bathe him as often as you do in the summer -- that strips away his coat’s natural oils. When you do get him into the tub, use a moisturizing shampoo.
system: How effective are C-reactive protein tests?
output: One study found that testing for CRP levels is a better indicator of cardiovascular disease ( CVD) than the LDL test. But, it's important to know that a CRP test is not a test for heart disease. It's a test for inflammation in the body. The test is also used for people suffering from autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. They also cause inflammation. A doctor might test someone with either condition to see if anti-inflammatory medication is working, though the CRP test cannot determine where the inflammation is taking place.
system: How often should you get a C-reactive protein test?
output: Because your CRP level can vary, the test should be done two times (2 weeks apart) to determine your risk of heart disease. It's also important to remember that you could have a high reading without necessarily having heart disease. So, it's important to check your LDL levels as well to get a full picture of your CVD risk.
system: What do C-reactive protein test results mean?
output: Here are what the results mean: hs- CRP level of lower than 1.0 mg/ L -- low risk of CVD (heart disease) hs- CRP level of 1.0 mg/ L and 3.0 mg/ L -- moderate risk of CVD hs- CRP level of more than 3.0 mg/ L -- high risk of CVD A high level could also be a sign of cancer, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, or another disease. It could also be high because you're in the second half of your pregnancy or you are using birth control pills.
system: How is C-reactive protein produced?
output: LDL cholesterol not only coats the walls of your arteries, but it also damages them. This damage causes inflammation that the body tries to heal by sending a "response team" of proteins called "acute phase reactants." CRP is one of these proteins. It's a test for inflammation in the body. A variation of the CRP test, the high-sensitivity CRP (hs- CRP), is used to check for cardiovascular disease.
system: What are side effects and risks of bronchial thermoplasty for asthma?
output: It's a way to open your airways. It's common to feel sleepy right after your treatment. You may also cough or wheeze some, or be short of breath. These symptoms usually go away in a week. In rare cases, you may need hospital care for your symptoms. There is a risk that the treatment will trigger a bad asthma attack that may even cause you to be hospitalized.
system: What is the outlook for people with rumination disorder?
output: Among the many potential complications associated with untreated rumination disorder are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory problems (from vomit that is breathed into the lungs) Choking Death In most cases, infants and young children with rumination disorder will outgrow the behavior and return to eating normally. For older children, this disorder can continue for months. There is no known way to prevent rumination disorder.
system: What complications can rumination disorder cause?
output: Among the many potential complications associated with untreated rumination disorder are: Malnutrition Lowered resistance to infections and diseases Failure to grow and thrive Weight loss Stomach diseases such as ulcers Dehydration Bad breath and tooth decay Aspiration pneumonia and other respiratory problems (from vomit that is breathed into the lungs) Choking Death In most cases, infants and young children with rumination disorder will outgrow the behavior and return to eating normally.
system: What is rumination disorder?
output: Rumination disorder is a feeding and eating disorder in which a person -- usually an infant or young child -- brings back up and re-chews partially digested food that has already been swallowed. In most cases, the re-chewed food is then swallowed again; but occasionally, the person will spit it out. To be considered a disorder, this behavior must occur in a person who had previously been eating normally, and it must occur on a regular basis -- usually daily -- for at least one month.
system: What are symptoms of rumination disorder?
output: Symptoms of rumination disorder include: Repeated regurgitation of food Repeated re-chewing of food Weight loss Bad breath and tooth decay Repeated stomachaches and indigestion Raw and chapped lips In addition, infants with rumination may make unusual movements that are typical of the disorder. These include straining and arching the back, holding the head back, tightening the abdominal muscles, and making sucking movements with the mouth.
system: How is rumination disorder treated?
output: Several approaches may be used, including: Changing the child's posture during and right after eating Encouraging more interaction between mother and child during feeding; giving the child more attention Reducing distractions during feeding Making feeding a more relaxing and pleasurable experience Distracting the child when he or she begins the rumination behavior Aversive conditioning, which involves placing something sour or bad-tasting on the child's tongue when he or she begins to regurgitate food There are no FDA-approved medications to treat rumination disorder, but medications may be used to treat associated symptoms.
system: What causes rumination disorder?
output: The exact cause of rumination disorder is not known; however, there are several factors that may contribute to its development: Physical illness or severe stress may trigger the behavior. For some children, the act of chewing is comforting. It may be a way for the child to gain attention. Since most children outgrow rumination disorder, and older children and adults with this disorder tend to be secretive about it out of embarrassment, it is difficult to know exactly how many people are affected. Rumination disorder most often occurs in infants and very young children (between 3 and 12 months), and in children with intellectual disabilities.
system: What causes temporal arteritis?
output: It's an autoimmune disease. That means your immune system mistakenly attacks your body's healthy tissues. In temporal arteritis, immune cells react against blood vessels and make them inflamed.
system: How does temporal arteritis affect my eyesight?
output: When arteries are inflamed, blood can't move as easily through them. Temporal arteritis can keep oxygen from getting to your eyes, and this can damage them. You might need to see an eye doctor to check for this.
system: What is temporal arteritis?
output: Temporal arteritis is a disease that causes your arteries -- blood vessels that carry oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body -- to become inflamed. It usually happens to the large and medium-sized temporal arteries that run along both sides of your head. The cells of these inflamed arteries look huge under a microscope. That is why temporal arteritis is also called giant cell arteritis. The swelling slows blood flow through your arteries, and that can cause symptoms like headaches and pain in your face and joints. Left untreated, narrowed arteries can cause vision problems and blindness. Medication can help your symptoms and prevent serious health issues.
system: Why would you need bone density tests if you take steroids for temporal arteritis?
output: These medications can weaken your bones, so your doctor might suggest regular bone mineral density tests. Your doctor may suggest you take calcium and vitamin D supplements, along with a prescription drug called a bisphosphonate, to slow down or prevent bone damage.
system: What's the treatment for temporal arteritis?
output: If you have temporal arteritis, your doctor will start you on medication right away to prevent vision loss and other problems. The main treatment is high doses of steroids, such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation in the arteries. You'll take this medication by mouth every day.
system: How do doctors diagnose temporal arteritis?
output: They'll also look for swelling and a weak pulse in the temporal artery in your scalp. You may need a biopsy of the temporal artery. If so, your doctor will numb an area of your scalp and remove a small piece of the temporal artery. A doctor will then check it under a microscope. The cells of an inflamed artery look very large under the microscope. Your doctor will do blood tests every few months to see if the inflammation in your arteries has gone down.
system: What is the link between temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica?
output: The swelling slows blood flow through your arteries, and that can cause symptoms like headaches and pain in your face and joints. About half of people with temporal arteritis have polymyalgia rheumatica ( PMR) as well. Symptoms include stiffness and aching in your arms, neck, lower back, and thighs. It can be treated with medication and usually goes away within a few years. It's not clear how or why the two conditions are related.
system: How does IgA pemphigus cause pustules?
output: Ig A pemphigus: Pustules are also a symptom of this rare disease that makes your immune system turn on itself.
system: What are pustules?
output: That can result in a mixture of infected fluid and dead white blood cells (pus). When pus builds up under your skin or in a pore, it can cause a pustule. Several conditions can lead to pustules: Acne: This very common skin condition causes pustules that are bigger than typical pimples.
system: How does chickenpox cause pustules?
output: Chickenpox: This childhood disease and other illnesses caused by a related virus cause skin lesions that become pustules as the disease progresses.
system: How does acne cause pustules?
output: Several conditions can lead to pustules: Acne: This very common skin condition causes pustules that are bigger than typical pimples. They happen when one of the pores in your skin gets so irritated that its walls break.
system: How do pustules show up?
output: That can result in a mixture of infected fluid and dead white blood cells (pus). When pus builds up under your skin or in a pore, it can cause a pustule.
system: How does rosacea cause pustules?
output: Rosacea: This skin condition normally makes the skin on your face red and causes pimples. But a form of the disease known as inflammatory rosacea can create pustules.
system: How are pustules treated?
output: Your doctor will treat the condition that's causing the pustules, but a topical medication you put directly on your skin or an over-the-counter treatment like calamine lotion or benzoyl peroxide gel might help with them in the meantime.
system: Is hummus better for you than mayonnaise?
output: Hummus isn't just for dipping. It makes a great sandwich spread, too. Try it instead of mayo. You'll get more protein and fiber for half the calories you would from mayonnaise. Hummus adds 1 gram of fat to your lunch box, compared to 5 grams for regular mayo.