laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can you do self-exams for breast cancer?
output: That's why it's important to get mammograms as recommended, to be familiar with how your breasts usually look, and to report any changes to your doctor ASAP. This depends on: The quality of the test Getting screened as often as you need to Doing what your doctor says afterward It's a good idea to know how your breasts normally look and feel so you can notice any changes. Medical organizations have different recommendations for breast self-exams, though. The American Cancer Society, for example, states that research has not shown a clear benefit of performing regular breast self-exams. Talk with your doctor to get a better sense of what's right for you.
system: What do you need to do if you're diagnosed with breast cancer?
output: It's more often used after you're diagnosed to see how far cancer has spread, but your doctor might combine it with a mammogram as a screening test if: You're at a high risk for breast cancer. Your doctor can help you understand all of these tests, and together you'll decide on the best treatment plan for you.
system: How can you do self-exams for breast cancer?
output: That's why it's important to get mammograms as recommended, to be familiar with how your breasts usually look, and to report any changes to your doctor ASAP. Breast cancer risk is on the rise: The lifetime risk of a woman getting breast cancer in the U. S. was around 5%, or 1 in 20, in 1940. This depends on: The quality of the test Getting screened as often as you need to Doing what your doctor says afterward It's a good idea to know how your breasts normally look and feel so you can notice any changes. Your doctor is most likely to use this if you have dense breasts. It's also an option if you're at high risk for breast cancer and you can't have an MRI or if you're pregnant so you aren't exposed to X-rays from a mammogram. The decision to get a mammogram every other year from age 40 to 49 is up to you and your doctor. The only way to confirm cancer is for a doctor to do a needle aspiration or surgical breast biopsy to collect and test tissue for cancer cells. If you're diagnosed with breast cancer, you and your doctor will need to know what type it is and how advanced it is.
system: How do I prevent getting infected with tapeworms?
output: But they won't kill the eggs, which can still cause infections. Here are some other ways to prevent them: Keep your fingernails clipped short. To help prevent tapeworms, try these things: Don't eat raw or undercooked beef, pork, or fish. If you have a dog with tapeworm, treat it right away.
system: What is the effectiveness of vitamin C for colds?
output: In 2010, researchers looked at all studies and found that taking vitamin C every day did not prevent the number of colds that a person got.
system: Is it safe to take vitamin C?
output: In general, vitamin C won't harm you if you get it by eating food like fruits and veggies. For most people, it's also OK if you take supplements in the recommended amount. Higher doses of vitamin C (greater than 2,000 milligrams per day) may cause kidney stones, nausea, and diarrhea. Talk to your doctor if you're thinking of taking vitamin C pills and let him know about any other dietary supplements you use.
system: What can I do at times when my pain is worse?
output: If you notice that certain activities contribute to your pain, or that you feel worse at certain times of the day, medication can be taken prior to the activity (or time of day) to help prevent the pain from occurring. You may also be prescribed a long-acting pain medication with a short-acting one for breakthrough pain that you take as needed. Always be sure to follow your doctor's instructions.
system: What are the basic elements of blood?
output: Most people have about 4-6 liters of blood. Your blood is made up of different kinds of cells that float in a fluid called plasma: â Your red blood cells deliver oxygen to the various tissues in your body and remove carbon dioxide. â Your white blood cells destroy invaders and fight infection. â Your platelets help your blood to clot. â Your plasma is a fluid made up of proteins and salts. What makes your blood different from someone else's is your unique combination of protein molecules, called antigens and antibodies. Antigens live on the surface of your red blood cells. Antibodies are in your plasma. The combination of antigens and antibodies in your blood is the basis of your blood type.
system: What is Forteo and how is it used to treat spinal compression fractures?
output: Teriparatide ( Forteo), an injectable synthetic hormone that stimulates bone growth and reduces spinal fractures for women with severe osteoporosis Raloxifene ( Evista), an estrogen-like drug that slows bone loss and helps increase bone thickness Zoledronic acid ( Reclast), which is given as a once-yearly 15-minute infusion in a vein; Reclast is said to increase bone strength and reduce fractures in the hip, spine and wrist, arm, leg, or rib Duavee (a combination of estrogen and bazedoxifene), a type of hormone replacement therapy approved to treat menopause-related hot flashes; Duavee may also prevent osteoporosis in high-risk women who have already tried non-estrogen treatment.
system: What bisphosphonate drugs are used to treat spinal compression fractures?
output: Alendronate ( Binosto, Fosamax), ibandronate ( Boniva), and risedronate ( Actonel, Atelvia) can slow bone loss, improve bone density and help prevent fractures. Bisphosphonates can cause bone loss in the jaw, known as osteonecrosis of the jaw. This complication has been linked to the use of these medications for the treatment of osteoporosis. The risk of this occurring is very low; however, people with cancer or people who receive these medications intravenously are at higher risk. Some people complain of numbness, heaviness, and pain in the jaw, usually where a tooth has been extracted. If you have concerns, speak with your dentist.
system: What is Duavee and how is it used to treat spinal compression fractures?
output: Teriparatide ( Forteo), an injectable synthetic hormone that stimulates bone growth and reduces spinal fractures for women with severe osteoporosis Raloxifene ( Evista), an estrogen-like drug that slows bone loss and helps increase bone thickness Zoledronic acid ( Reclast), which is given as a once-yearly 15-minute infusion in a vein; Reclast is said to increase bone strength and reduce fractures in the hip, spine and wrist, arm, leg, or rib Duavee (a combination of estrogen and bazedoxifene), a type of hormone replacement therapy approved to treat menopause-related hot flashes; Duavee may also prevent osteoporosis in high-risk women who have already tried non-estrogen treatment.
system: What is Reclast and how is it used to treat spinal compression fractures?
output: Teriparatide ( Forteo), an injectable synthetic hormone that stimulates bone growth and reduces spinal fractures for women with severe osteoporosis Raloxifene ( Evista), an estrogen-like drug that slows bone loss and helps increase bone thickness Zoledronic acid ( Reclast), which is given as a once-yearly 15-minute infusion in a vein; Reclast is said to increase bone strength and reduce fractures in the hip, spine and wrist, arm, leg, or rib Duavee (a combination of estrogen and bazedoxifene), a type of hormone replacement therapy approved to treat menopause-related hot flashes; Duavee may also prevent osteoporosis in high-risk women who have already tried non-estrogen treatment.
system: What are natural ways to prevent spinal compression fractures?
output: Natural ways to prevent spinal compression fractures include taking calcium supplements, getting more vitamin D, quitting smoking, preventing falls, and doing weight-bearing and strength-building exercises. You can also take medications to halt or slow osteoporosis, including: Bisphosphonate drugs.
system: What is Evista and how is it used to treat spinal compression fractures?
output: Teriparatide ( Forteo), an injectable synthetic hormone that stimulates bone growth and reduces spinal fractures for women with severe osteoporosis Raloxifene ( Evista), an estrogen-like drug that slows bone loss and helps increase bone thickness Zoledronic acid ( Reclast), which is given as a once-yearly 15-minute infusion in a vein; Reclast is said to increase bone strength and reduce fractures in the hip, spine and wrist, arm, leg, or rib Duavee (a combination of estrogen and bazedoxifene), a type of hormone replacement therapy approved to treat menopause-related hot flashes; Duavee may also prevent osteoporosis in high-risk women who have already tried non-estrogen treatment.
system: How can I prevent future spinal compression fractures?
output: To prevent future spinal compression fractures, it's also important to treat the osteoporosis that likely caused your fracture and begin building stronger bones.
system: What blood tests can diagnose anemia?
output: Blood tests will not only confirm the diagnosis of anemia, but also help point to the underlying condition. Tests might include: Complete blood count ( CBC), which determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells Blood iron level and your serum ferritin level, the best indicators of your body's total iron stores Levels of vitamin B12 and folate, vitamins necessary for red blood cell production Special blood tests to detect rare causes of anemia, such as an immune attack on your red blood cells, red blood cell fragility, and defects of enzymes, hemoglobin, and clotting Reticulocyte count, bilirubin, and other blood and urine tests to determine how quickly your blood cells are being made or if you have a hemolytic anemia, where your red blood cells have a shortened life span Only in rare cases will a doctor need to remove a sample of bone marrow to determine the cause of your anemia.
system: How do you treat sickle cell anemia in children?
output: Sickle Cell Anemia Occasionally, children with sickle cell disease who have an appropriate donor may be cured by a bone marrow transplant. Alternatively, a drug called hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea, Silkos) appears to stimulate the formation of an alternate form of hemoglobin that isn't susceptible to the sickling, and may be used to reduce the frequency of bone pain. The bone pain can usually be eased with pain medications and the anemia may require transfusions. Hydroxyurea may also decrease the need for blood transfusions.
system: Will doctors ever need to remove a sample of bone marrow to diagnose anemia?
output: Tests might include: Complete blood count ( CBC), which determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells Blood iron level and your serum ferritin level, the best indicators of your body's total iron stores Levels of vitamin B12 and folate, vitamins necessary for red blood cell production Special blood tests to detect rare causes of anemia, such as an immune attack on your red blood cells, red blood cell fragility, and defects of enzymes, hemoglobin, and clotting Reticulocyte count, bilirubin, and other blood and urine tests to determine how quickly your blood cells are being made or if you have a hemolytic anemia, where your red blood cells have a shortened life span Only in rare cases will a doctor need to remove a sample of bone marrow to determine the cause of your anemia.
system: How do you treat anemia caused by blood loss?
output: Anemia Caused by Blood Loss If you suddenly lose a large volume of blood, you may be treated with fluids, a blood transfusion, oxygen, and possibly iron to help your body build new red blood cells. Chronic blood loss is treated by identifying the source of bleeding, stopping the bleeding, and, if necessary, providing treatment for iron-deficiency anemia.
system: How do you treat anemia caused by iron deficiency?
output: With iron deficiency anemia, your doctor will probably recommend iron supplements that contain the ferrous form of iron, which your body can absorb easily. Timed-release iron supplements are not a good choice for most people, because iron is primarily absorbed in the upper part of the digestive tract.
system: How do you treat anemia caused by chronic disease?
output: Anemia Caused by Chronic Disease It is best to treat the underlying condition whenever possible. Anemia caused by chronic kidney disease or following chemotherapy can often be treated with an injection of recombinant human erythropoietin called epoetin alpha ( Epogen, Procrit) or darbepoetin alfa ( Aranesp). Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Darbepoetin alfa is a synthetic form of erythropoietin.
system: How do you treat lead poisoning?
output: Lead poisoning is treated by discontinuing exposure to lead and administering a drug that binds and draws lead out of the body.
system: What might your doctor do if your iron-deficiency anemia does not improve with iron supplements?
output: Your doctor will monitor your red blood cell counts, including hematocrit, hemoglobin, and ferritin levels, during treatment. If your anemia doesn't improve with iron supplements, your doctor will look for some other underlying cause. In rare cases, your doctor may prescribe iron injections or give you iron intravenously (through a needle in the vein). In extremely rare cases of life-threatening iron-deficiency anemia, treatment may involve a blood transfusion.
system: How do I know if I have anemia?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } To diagnose anemia, your doctor will likely ask you about your medical history, perform a physical exam, and order blood tests. You can help by providing detailed answers about your symptoms, family medical history, diet, medications you take, alcohol intake, and ethnic background. Your doctor will look for symptoms of anemia and other physical clues that might point to a cause. There are basically three different causes of anemia: blood loss, decreased or faulty red blood cell production, or destruction of red blood cells.
system: How can I prevent anemia?
output: You can help prevent iron-deficiency anemia by eating a well-balanced diet that includes good sources of iron, vitamin B12, and folate. Steps to take include the following: If you are a vegetarian or vegan, talk to your doctor or a nutritionist about your diet and any possible need for supplements. Decrease your consumption of caffeinated products and tea. Select iron-fortified cereals and breads. Carefully follow safety guidelines if your occupation involves work with lead-containing materials such as batteries, petroleum, and paint.
system: How effective are treatments for Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: These include: 6-mercaptopurine (6- MP, Purinethol, Purixan) adalimumab ( Humira) adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran) certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia) cyclosporine golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) infliximab ( Remicade) infliximab-abda ( Renflexis),a biosimilar to Remicade infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall) natalizumab ( Tysabri) tofacitinib ( Xeljanz) ustekinumab ( Stelara) vedolizumab ( Entyvio) With the treatments for mild symptoms, almost all -- 90% -- of ulcerative colitis cases go into remission. If your UC is ârefractory,â you may need continuous treatment with steroids. With Crohn's disease, complete remission is less common. Some people eventually need surgery. That includes up to 45% people with ulcerative colitis and three quarters of people with Crohn's. You and your doctor might talk about an operation if you have severe symptoms that aren't helped by medications, if you get a blockage in your digestive tract, or if you get a tear or hole in the side of the intestine.
system: Who is more likely to get Crohnâs disease or ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: Crohn's and ulcerative colitis are most often diagnosed in teenagers and young adults -- although they can happen at any age -- and tend to run in families.
system: What blood tests are used for Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: Scientists are working to make several blood tests better at helping to diagnose ulcerative colitis and Crohn's. They check on levels of certain antibodies found in the blood. Two of these are: âp ANCAâ (perinuclear anti-neutrophil antibodies) â ASCAâ (anti- Saccharomyces Cerevisiae antibody) Most often, people with ulcerative colitis have the p ANCA antibody in their blood, and those with Crohn's disease have ASCA in theirs.
system: What should you do if you have Crohnâs disease or ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: If you have either condition, you'll need to keep up with your checkups, even if your symptoms start to ease up. You may also need to get colonoscopies more often and start them at a younger age. A colonoscopy can check for cancer or polyps that need to come out. Experts recommend that you start these tests within 8 to 10 years of developing UC or Crohn's symptoms, and then typically every 1 to 3 years after that. Your doctor will tell you a schedule that is best for you.
system: What are blood test findings in Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: Sometimes, even after all these tests, doctors might not be able to tell which of the two conditions you have. That's true for 1 in 10 people with IBD. They show signs of both diseases. So they get a diagnosis of âindeterminate colitis,â because it's not clear which ailment it is.
system: How can specific types of endoscopy help to diagnose Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: Specific types of endoscopy can: Examine lower part of your large intestines. Your doctor will call this test "sigmoidoscopy." Look at your entire large intestine. This is a colonoscopy. Check the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. This is an EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy). Additional testing to look at your small intestine using a pill-sized camera. This is often called pill, or capsule, endoscopy. See the bile ducts in the liver and the pancreatic duct. This test is called ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography).
system: Where does the inflammation occur in Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: People with Crohn's disease often have healthy areas in between inflamed spots. But with ulcerative colitis, there are no healthy areas in between inflamed spots.
system: What drugs are used to treat Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: For severe disease, you may need drugs that work on the immune system. These include: 6-mercaptopurine (6- MP, Purinethol, Purixan) adalimumab ( Humira) adalimumab-atto ( Amjevita), a biosimilar to Humira azathioprine ( Azasan, Imuran) certolizumab pegol ( Cimzia) cyclosporine golimumab ( Simponi, Simponi Aria) infliximab ( Remicade) infliximab-abda ( Renflexis),a biosimilar to Remicade infliximab-dyyb ( Inflectra), a biosimilar to Remicade methotrexate ( Rheumatrex, Trexall) natalizumab ( Tysabri) tofacitinib ( Xeljanz) ustekinumab ( Stelara) vedolizumab ( Entyvio) With the treatments for mild symptoms, almost all -- 90% -- of ulcerative colitis cases go into remission.
system: How is Crohnâs disease diagnosed?
output: Contrast X-rays, for which you'll swallow a thick, chalky, barium liquid so doctors can see how it moves through your system. CT scans and MRIs to rule out other conditions that might cause symptoms similar to an inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy, in which a doctor uses a tiny camera on a thin tube to see inside your digestive system. This is often called pill, or capsule, endoscopy. You and your doctor might talk about an operation if you have severe symptoms that aren't helped by medications, if you get a blockage in your digestive tract, or if you get a tear or hole in the side of the intestine.
system: How can treatments help with Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: The symptoms of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis ( UC) can be similar. Those include diet tweaks, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and avoiding pain meds called â NSAIDsâ (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen. Stress management is also key. Stress doesn't cause IBD, but it can lead to flare-ups. So try to cut down on the things that make you tense, and find ways to relax. Exercise is a great way to do that. So are other healthy things you might enjoy and find meaningful, such as hobbies, meditation, prayer, volunteering, and positive relationships.
system: What are the symptoms of Crohnâs disease or ulcerative colitis (UC)?
output: They include: Belly cramps and pain Diarrhea Constipation An urgent need to have a bowel movement Feeling like your bowel movement wasn't complete Rectal bleeding Fever Smaller appetite Weight loss Fatigue Night sweats Problems with your period. You might skip them, or their timing might be harder to predict. You might not have all of those symptoms all the time. Both conditions can come and go, switching between flares (when symptoms are worse) and remission (when symptoms ease up or stop). Because of the similarities between the conditions, many treatments of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease overlap.
system: How does the location of Crohnâs disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) differ?
output: You might not have all of those symptoms all the time. Ulcerative colitis affects only the large intestine. But in Crohn's disease, inflammation can appear anywhere in the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus.
system: What can I do at home if I am sick and have HIV/AIDS?
output: Make sure you drink plenty of fluids, especially if you have fever. Smaller meals may help until you get hungry again. Also, rest as much as you can and get plenty of sleep so your body has a chance to recover.
system: What is a normal session of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) like?
output: The CISD program has three goals: Lessen the impact of a trauma Help those involved recover Find people who might need extra help A normal session involves a small group talking about their shared experience with help from a trained leader. It sounds like -- but should not take the place of -- therapy. The group leaders are often counselors or experts in disaster response who are certified by the National Organization for Victim Assistance ( NOVA). Groups that lead CISD are typically members of either NOVA or National Volunteer Organizations Active in Disaster.
system: What is critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)?
output: You may feel anxious, angry, scared, or guilty. And you might have trouble with sleep, focus, or even become physically ill. A critical incident stress debriefing ( CISD) can help you get better. These sessions, often offered by a workplace or city, provide a chance to talk about the trauma with others who were involved. A CISD usually takes place within the first 3 days after the event and is open to people who were hurt, saw others hurt or killed, or served as first responders.
system: How long do sessions for critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) last?
output: You may take a break and meet again later that day. The group typically meets several times over a few days. The group usually sits together so you can share your experiences, but if someone needs to talk one-on-one, a leader can take him aside.
system: What role do group leaders play in critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) meetings?
output: Group leaders will offer ways to manage the stress and help people understand their feelings and emotional reactions to the event. Participants are encouraged to describe details of the event from their own point of view and discuss their reactions. Leaders will also make sure that participants know what symptoms to watch for (such as nightmares or re-experiencing and reliving the event), and they'll ensure that group members have access to resources for ongoing support and help.