laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: Can a CT scan or MRI help diagnose endocarditis?
output: These tests use pictures to show your doctor if the infection has spread to another area of your body like your brain or chest.
system: What is the treatment for endocarditis?
output: In most cases, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Usually, you will stay in the hospital for about a week to receive them through an IV. You may need IV antibiotics for between 2 and 6 weeks, but some of that might be from home. Your team at the hospital will help you make arrangements to finish the medication and receive follow-up care. In some cases, endocarditis requires surgery to completely clear it, or to replace a damaged heart valve.
system: Can endocarditis cause blood to show up in your urine?
output: See blood in your urine. You might be able to see it on your own, or your doctor might see it under a microscope.
system: Who is most at risk for endocarditis?
output: If you have a healthy heart, it's unlikely that you'll develop endocarditis. You're more likely to get it if you have heart problems or artificial heart valves, since this is where infection-causing germs can attach and multiply. Your odds are higher of getting endocarditis if you have damaged or artificial heart valves, or if you were born with a heart defect. You're also at greater odds if you've used intravenous drugs or had endocarditis in the past.
system: Can endocarditis give you digestive trouble?
output: You could lose interest in food, feel sick to your stomach, or vomit.
system: Can endocarditis cause swelling?
output: Your abdomen, legs, or feet could all have swelling.
system: Can endocarditis cause a heart murmur?
output: Endocarditis can cause a new or additional heart murmur, or unusual sound in your heartbeat, or changes to an existing one.
system: Can endocarditis make you feel like you have the flu?
output: The symptoms can also vary from person to person, but you may: Feel like you have the flu. You may develop a fever, chills, and night sweats. You might also feel achiness in your muscles and joints.
system: Can an X-ray help diagnose endocarditis?
output: This will show if endocarditis has affected your heart or lungs.
system: How can I choose the correct holistic care for cancer?
output: If you're considering a diet, treatment, or supplement that isn't mainstream, tell your doctor. He knows your condition and what medicines you take. This is the best way to make sure you stay safe. Just because something is labeled natural doesn't mean it's good for you. Keep these questions in mind as you research options: Does the treatment claim to cure cancer? ( Steer clear of any that do.) Do doctors or cancer care experts recommend the treatment? Has it been proven in human studies? Is the method widely used? ( If it works and it's safe, it should be.) What are the potential side effects and drug interactions?
system: What are the benefits of a holistic care approach to cancer?
output: Medical treatments like chemo and radiation are proven to fight the disease, but their side effects can be hard to live with. A holistic treatment may help ease some of these problems and improve your well-being, too. However, holistic care has its limits.
system: How can exercise help cancer?
output: Exercise: Gentle movement can help relieve extreme tiredness and stress, and help you sleep better. Studies suggest a regular exercise program may even help people with cancer live longer.
system: How can mind-body techniques help cancer?
output: Mind-body techniques: Research shows your mental state can affect your health. Techniques like meditation, hypnosis, and guided imagery can help you relax and focus on something besides your pain. They may also ease medication side effects.
system: What are the problems with holistic care for cancer?
output: There are other problems with holistic care: Some methods are simply bad for you, despite impressive health claims. Diets that claim to cure cancer are unproven, expensive, and potentially harmful. Certain supplements, like antioxidants and St. John's wort, can stop your cancer treatment from working like it should.
system: Can holistic care replace standard treatments for cancer?
output: Skipping standard treatments is risky. While they can cause unpleasant and even serious side effects, these are proven ways to treat cancer. When you avoid, delay, or interrupt mainstream medical treatments, you give the disease more time to grow. Your cancer might reach a stage where it can no longer be cured. There are other problems with holistic care: Some methods are simply bad for you, despite impressive health claims. This is the best way to make sure you stay safe.
system: Why should I treat my childâs hearing loss early?
output: Early treatment is key for children. If children can't hear well, it will affect their ability to talk, communicate, make friends, and develop normally. Babies should be tested in the hospital when they are born, or at least by the time they're a month old. If there is a problem, they need professional help as early as possible, before they are 6 months old. Keep an eye out if your toddler has lots of ear infections. Although hearing loss caused by ear infections is usually temporary, it can cause lasting problems if children struggle while they're learning critical skills.
system: Why is it important to get help for hearing problems as soon as possible?
output: Sometimes damage can be permanent. There are tiny hairs inside your ears that send sound waves to your brain. Sometimes even everyday drugs like aspirin or antibiotics can cause trouble. If you take care of hearing problems early, the cure may be simpler and easier. For example, one of the most common problems is nerve damage. If you go to the doctor right away, you might get better just by taking pills instead of having to face surgery or hearing aids.
system: I donât like hearing aids. How can one help me?
output: The devices have come a long way in recent years. Even people with mild hearing problems can benefit from wearing them. In fact, the worse a person's hearing gets, the more likely they are to develop dementia, studies show. Hearing aids that fit completely inside the ear canal now work for most people.
system: How does cardiac rehab help you recover from a heart attack?
output: The program helps you recover from your heart attack and resume your usual activities. It builds up your strength and endurance, raises your confidence, and helps let you down gently from what may have been an emotional roller coaster ride. Your rehab may get underway even before you leave the hospital.
system: Where do you go for outpatient programs to help you recover from a heart attack?
output: These happen in a clinic or in a building on your hospital campus. You'll live at home and go to sessions several times a week.
system: How can you get started with rehab after a heart attack?
output: You might sit up in bed, walk, and climb stairs a little. You also get used to doing some self-care again, like brushing your teeth or shaving. This early phase helps give you the tools and confidence you need to start on the road to recovery. These happen in a clinic or in a building on your hospital campus. You'll take steps to get ready for going back to your job as well as the fun activities you used to do.
system: What are non-melanomas?
output: The most common skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are nonmelanomas and rarely life threatening. They grow slowly, seldom spread beyond the skin, are easily found, and usually are cured. Basal cell carcinoma, which accounts for nearly 3 out of 4 skin cancers, is the slowest growing. Squamous cell carcinoma is somewhat more aggressive and more inclined to spread. A rare nonmelanoma is Kaposi's sarcoma, notable for its purple growths. It's related to a weak immune system and can be more serious. People with AIDS and the elderly tend to get it. Some noncancerous skin growths could become cancerous. The most common are actinic keratoses -- crusty, reddish patches on sun-exposed skin that may scratch off but grow back.
system: Who gets skin cancer?
output: Regularly working around certain chemicals and other things known to cause cancer may raise the odds of getting a nonmelanoma skin cancer, including: Coal tar Radium Insecticides with inorganic arsenic compounds Skin cancer tends to affect people of light skin color because they're born with the least amount of protective melanin in their skin. The odds are highest if you're: Redheaded A blue-eyed blonde Someone with a pigment disorder, such as albinism People with many freckles or moles, particularly odd-looking ones, may be vulnerable to melanoma.
system: What are the different types of skin cancer?
output: Skin cancers fall into two major categories: melanoma and nonmelanoma.
system: Who is more likely to get skin cancer?
output: The odds are highest if you're: Redheaded A blue-eyed blonde Someone with a pigment disorder, such as albinism People with many freckles or moles, particularly odd-looking ones, may be vulnerable to melanoma. It's possible for dark-skinned people to get skin cancer, but it's rare and usually on lighter areas of their body, such as the soles of the feet or under fingernails or toenails. Where you live also plays a role. Places with intense sunshine, such as Arizona and Hawaii, have a larger share of people with skin cancer. It's more common in places where fair-skinned people moved from less sunny areas, like Australia, which was settled largely by fair-skinned people of Irish and English descent. About 3 times more men than women get skin cancer. It's more likely when you're older. Most people diagnosed are between ages 45 and 54, although more younger people are now being affected. If you or any close relatives have had skin cancer, your chances go up.
system: What are melanomas?
output: The other type of skin cancer, melanoma, is a potentially aggressive, life-threatening cancer. It can start in dark skin tissue, such as a mole or birthmark, as well as in normally pigmented skin. For men, it generally shows up first on your head, neck, or between your shoulders and hips. Women tend to get it on their arms and legs. You may also find it on the palm of your hand, on the sole of your foot, under a fingernail or toenail, in mucus linings (in your mouth, vagina, or anus, for example), and even in your eye. Melanoma is not that hard to find and usually curable if treated early. But it grows faster than other types of skin cancer, and it can spread beyond your skin to other parts of the body, including your bones and brain. Then it's very hard to treat and can't be cured.
system: What is skin cancer?
output: It can usually be cured, but the disease is a major health concern because it affects so many people. About half of fair-skinned people who live to age 65 will have at least one skin cancer. Most can be prevented by protecting your skin from the sun and ultraviolet rays. Every malignant skin tumor will, over time, show up on the skin's surface. That makes this the only type of cancer that is almost always found in its early, curable stages. Spending too much time in the sun is the main cause of skin cancer.
system: How long will the effect of Concerta last?
output: Concerta is the brand name for methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. The medicine gets into your system slowly, and the effects can last up to 12 hours. One pill in the morning is meant to help manage your ADHD symptoms through the whole school or work day.
system: How much do Concerta and Adderall cost?
output: This is because they work on your brain in slightly different ways and can have different benefits and side effects. In general, the longer-acting forms are more expensive than the shorter-acting forms. And the generic versions can cost much less than brand names.
system: What should you know about bed-wetting in adults?
output: A lot of folks think bed-wetting is something that only happens to kids, but it's a problem that can hit grown-ups, too. You may feel embarrassed to wake up to wet sheets, but it's not your fault. It could be due to a medical condition, medicine, or a problem with your bladder. You've got lots of ways to fix it.
system: What tests are used to diagnose bed-wetting in adults?
output: Write down things like: How often and what time your bed-wetting happens How much urine comes out (a lot or a little) What and how much you drank before bed Any other symptoms you've had Your doctor will do tests to diagnose the problem, such as: Urinalysis. It checks a sample of your urine to look for an infection or other conditions of the urinary tract -- the collection of organs that are involved with urine like the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine culture. Your doctor sends a small sample of your urine to a lab, where technicians put it in a special dish with nutrients. This test looks for bacteria or yeast in your urine. It can diagnose a urinary tract infection. Uroflowmetry. You pee into a special funnel to measure how much urine you make and how quickly it flows out. Post-void residual urine measurement. This test measures how much urine is left in your bladder after you pee.
system: How can the bladder cause bed-wetting in adults?
output: When there isn't enough room in your bladder, pee can leak.
system: What are the symptoms of herpes simplex keratitis?
output: Symptoms of herpes zoster ophthalmicus include: Severe pain on one side of the face, in your scalp, or around your eyes Redness, rash, or sores on your eyelids and around the eyes, especially on the forehead A rash on the tip of your nose Eye redness A swollen or cloudy cornea If symptoms involve only your eye, it's probably herpes simplex keratitis. You might notice: Pain in and around one eye Eye redness A feeling of dirt or grit in your eye Overflowing tears Pain when you look at bright light Cloudy or swollen cornea Your doctor may check your eye pressure and use special dye to study the surface of your cornea.
system: How long does a herpes infection last in your eye?
output: It might start to look better after a few days, but still hurt. That doesn't mean that treatment isn't working. The medications will do their job, and the pain will go away. It's rare, but if you have the kind of virus that causes shingles, your eye could hurt for weeks or months. If that happens, your doctor might try other options, like sending you to a chronic pain specialist.
system: What will your doctor prescribe to treat herpes in your eye?
output: Your doctor will prescribe antiviral eye drops, pills, or both. Take what he gives you for as long as he says to take it. Your eye might start to look or feel better soon, but the infection could come back if you stop treatment too soon. He might also give you steroid eye drops. They can control the disease if you get them at the right time, but they can also raise eye pressure. You'll need regular office visits during treatment so the doctor can keep track of it. You could also get an eye drop that keeps your pupil dilated (open). It will prevent spasms in your eye muscles and ease your pain. It's rare, but if you have the kind of virus that causes shingles, your eye could hurt for weeks or months. If that happens, your doctor might try other options, like sending you to a chronic pain specialist.
system: How are guanylate cyclase-C agonist laxatives used to treat constipation?
output: Guanylate cyckase- C agonist laxatives change stool consistency by increasing the amount of water into the GI lumen and increasing gastrointestinal movement. Plecanatide ( Trulance) is a prescription tablet for those suffering from chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. It's not recommended for patients younger than six. While effective in promoting regular bowel function, it carries the risk of diarrhea and pediatric patients could develop severe dehydration.
system: How does fiber treat constipation?
output: Fiber works by increasing the water content and bulk of the stool, which helps to move it quickly through the colon. When taking fiber supplements, it's essential to drink enough water to minimize the possibility of flatulence and a possible obstruction.
system: How are lubricant laxatives used to treat constipation?
output: As the name implies, lubricant laxatives make stools slippery. The mineral oil within these products adds a slick layer to the intestine's walls and stops the stool from drying out. Though highly effective, lubricant laxatives are best used as a short-term cure for constipation. Over a longer period, mineral oil can absorb fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine, and decrease certain prescription drugs from being fully absorbed into the body. Do not take mineral oil at the same time as other medications or supplements.
system: What do laxatives for constipation contain?
output: Millions of Americans suffer with symptoms of constipation: Straining while having a bowel movement Hard stools A feeling of obstruction or incomplete evacuation Fewer than three bowel movements per week Laxatives contain chemicals that help increase stool motility, bulk, and frequency -- thus relieving temporary constipation. But when misused or overused, they can cause problems, including chronic constipation. A healthy diet filled with fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain products; regular exercise; and drinking at least eight cups of water daily can help prevent constipation in most people. Still, 85% of doctor visits for constipation result in a prescription for a laxative. So it's important to understand how laxatives work and how to use them safely.
system: What are side effects of using fiber for constipation?
output: Abdominal cramping, bloating, or gas can occur when abruptly increasing or changing your dietary fiber intake. Gradually increase fiber intake. Also, fiber can reduce your body's absorption of some drugs, so always take your medications at least one hour before -- or two hours after -- consuming fiber.
system: How does deep brain stimulation treat essential tremor nerve disorder?
output: Deep Brain Stimulation Also called "thalamic stimulation," deep brain stimulation is a way to inactivate the thalamus without destroying a part of the brain. The risks are, therefore, much less than with thalamotomy. Rather than destroying brain tissue, deep brain stimulation achieves the same effects using small electrical shocks.
system: What are the disadvantages of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor nerve disorder?
output: Disadvantages of deep brain stimulation include: The presence of a foreign object in the body, increasing the risk of infection.
system: Are there risks associated with deep brain stimulation for essential tremor?
output: Advantages of this procedure are: no anesthesia no incisions no bur holes into the brain reduced risk of infection or damage to uneffected area Conversely, the disdvantages are: it produces s a nonreversible brain lesion is not effective in every case improvement can decline over time As with any surgery, there are potential risks associated with these forms of treatment for essential tremor. Talk with your doctor about these risks and any other potential complications.
system: What are the advantages of deep brain stimulation for essential tremor nerve disorder?
output: Advantages of deep brain stimulation include: It doesn't destroy brain tissue and won't limit future treatment. The device can be removed at any time. It is adjustable. It may be more effective in controlling tremors than thalamotomy.
system: What are side effects of thalamotomy?
output: Common, but temporary, side effects of thalamotomy include: Confusion Weakness Disturbed speech Balance problems The major disadvantage of thalamotomy is the permanent destruction of this area of the brain, which may limit future treatment options, and thalamotomy should only be performed under rare circumstances.
system: What is thalamotomy?
output: Thalamotomy Thalamotomy is a surgery for Essential Tremor that destroys a small part of a structure in the brain called the thalamus. Surgeons typically perform this procedure on only one side of the brain because surgery on both sides of the brain increases the risk for potential complications. The procedure provides relief to the opposite side of the body. So, if the right side of the brain is operated on, the person will experience tremor relief on the left side of his body.
system: How does deep brain stimulation work?
output: Deep Brain Stimulation Also called "thalamic stimulation," deep brain stimulation is a way to inactivate the thalamus without destroying a part of the brain. The pacemaker-like device generates the tiny electrical impulses that aren't painful to the patient. These shocks alter electrical "messages" going through the thalamus. Deep brain stimulation provides moderate relief for approximately 90% of patients.
system: What is the disadvantage of thalamotomy when compared to deep brain stimulation?
output: Thalamotomy Thalamotomy is a surgery for Essential Tremor that destroys a small part of a structure in the brain called the thalamus. Common, but temporary, side effects of thalamotomy include: Confusion Weakness Disturbed speech Balance problems The major disadvantage of thalamotomy is the permanent destruction of this area of the brain, which may limit future treatment options, and thalamotomy should only be performed under rare circumstances. Deep brain stimulation, described below, is safer and more effective.
system: What can you do to avoid triggers that cause migraines?
output: When you're away from home -- traveling, at a big event, or even at work -- it can be easy to miss meals. Your sleep pattern may change. You may just not get enough rest. Stress and spreading yourself too thin can bring on attacks in many people. Make an extra effort to eat well, sleep well, and manage stress wherever you are. It can help to know some ways to relax, like deep breathing or relaxing your muscles. Be sure to drink plenty of water, too. Sometimes, if you're at the gym, on vacation, or running errands, it can be easy to forget to drink up. But dehydration can start a migraine.
system: What are unavoidable triggers of migraines?
output: There are other things you can't avoid, like: Weather changes Bright lights Strong smells Motion sickness Still, if you know your triggers, you can be prepared for them.
system: How can knowing your triggers help with migraines?
output: Migraines can be tough wherever they happen. Triggers are different for everyone. When you know which things can start your migraines, you can try to avoid them. If you can't stay away from them, at least you'll know to be prepared for when they happen.
system: How can acetaminophen (Tylenol) help with treating cervical disc disease?
output: Neck pain is one of the main symptoms of cervical disc disease, in which discs between vertebrae become herniated or deteriorate, sometimes pinching nerves. Several different drugs, from pain relievers to anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids, can help ease your neck pain while you heal. Research shows that regular acetaminophen use can damage the liver, even in people who take the drug at the recommended dose. To make sure you're using acetaminophen as safely as possible, follow the directions carefully and don't take any more than the label suggests and your doctor recommends. Avoid using alcohol while taking acetaminophen to minimize the risks to your liver.
system: How can muscle relaxants help with treating cervical disc disease?
output: Neck pain is one of the main symptoms of cervical disc disease, in which discs between vertebrae become herniated or deteriorate, sometimes pinching nerves. Several different drugs, from pain relievers to anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids, can help ease your neck pain while you heal. Baclofen and other muscle relaxants calm muscle tightness, and some research suggests they can relieve neck pain within the first few days of an acute injury. When using these drugs, watch out for side effects such as drowsiness, dependence, and urinary retention. These drugs are best used short term under a doctor's guidance.