laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: How can I ease symptoms without cold medicines?
output: So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Use caution, and check with your physician prior to using them if you are unsure or if your child is under age 4. That way he can check if the cold medicine works safely with them. Don't use ibuprofen in children under age 6 months. Try saline drops in his nose to clear out mucus. If your child is young enough, you may be able to bulb suction some of the mucous. Make sure your child gets plenty to drink. It helps thin his mucus. Use a humidifier in your child's room to add moisture to the dry air, especially during winter when the air is drier. If he has asthma or wheezes, talk to the doctor. Your child may need prescription medicine to open up swollen airways. Avoid cold/cough medicines in children with asthma; they can aggravate asthma symptoms.
system: What medicines should not be used in children?
output: So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Children's cough and cold medicines are considered safe for kids 4 and over.
system: What are the rules for giving cough and cold medicine to children?
output: Cough and cold medicines should not be used by kids under 4. But the FDA recommends you follow these commonsense rules: Always read the package label and follow directions carefully. Many of these medicines contain several drugs. If you're giving a cold medicine to your child that has a painkiller, fever reducer or decongestant in it, make sure you don't give him more of those separately. Too much medicine could be risky, and your child can get an overdose of medicine. Never increase the dose or give it to your child more frequently than it says to on the package. Too much can cause serious and life-threatening side effects. Don't give adult medicines to kids. Children should only take products marked for use in babies, infants, or children, sometimes called "pediatric" use on the package. There are many natural and herbal remedies available on the market. Use caution, and check with your physician prior to using them if you are unsure or if your child is under age 4. Ask your child's doctor if you're not sure if a medicine is right for your child. Remember, cough and cold medicines come in many different strengths. Tell your child's doctor about any other medications your child takes. That way he can check if the cold medicine works safely with them. Always use the measuring device that comes in the medicine package. A teaspoon from your kitchen isn't accurate.
system: How is meningioma diagnosed?
output: The most common symptoms include: Headaches Seizures Blurred vision Weakness in arms or legs Numbness Speech problems Meningiomas are rarely diagnosed before they begin to cause symptoms. If symptoms indicate the possibility of a tumor, a doctor may order a brain scan: an MRI and/or a CT scan. These will allow the doctor to locate the meningioma and determine its size. A biopsy may sometimes be performed. A surgeon removes part or all of the tumor to determine whether it is benign or malignant.
system: How is meningioma treated?
output: Regular brain scans will be performed to determine if the tumor is growing. If the tumor's growth threatens to cause problems or if symptoms begin to develop, surgery may be necessary. If surgery is required, a craniotomy will typically be performed. The procedure involves removing a piece of bone from the skull. This gives the surgeon access to the affected portion of the brain. The surgeon then removes the tumor -- or as much of it as possible. The bone that was removed at the start of the procedure is then replaced. The location of the meningioma will determine how accessible it is to the surgeon. If it can't be reached via surgery, radiation therapy may be used. Radiation can shrink the tumor or help prevent it from growing any larger. Radiation can also be used to kill cancer cells if the tumor is malignant. It may also be used on the parts of a tumor the surgeon was unable to remove.
system: What are the causes and risks factors of meningioma?
output: Exposure to radiation Neurofibromatosis type 2, a genetic disorder Previous injury may also be a risk factor, but a recent study failed to confirm this. Meningiomas have been found in places where skull fractures have occurred. They've also been found in places where the surrounding membrane has been scarred. Some research suggests a link between meningiomas and the hormone progesterone. Middle-aged women are more than twice as likely as men to develop a meningioma. Most meningiomas occur between the ages of 30 and 70. They are very rare in children. The location of the meningioma will determine how accessible it is to the surgeon.
system: What are the symptoms of meningioma?
output: The most common symptoms include: Headaches Seizures Blurred vision Weakness in arms or legs Numbness Speech problems Meningiomas are rarely diagnosed before they begin to cause symptoms. If the tumor's growth threatens to cause problems or if symptoms begin to develop, surgery may be necessary.
system: What is MAGNUN (Migraine Awareness group: A National Understanding for Migraineurs)?
output: MAGNUM: The National Migraine Association Magnum: Migraine Awareness Group: A National Understanding for Migraineurs, was created to raise awareness of migraines as a neurological disease.
system: What is the American Headache Society?
output: American Headache Society The American Headache Society is a professional society of health care providers dedicated to the study and treatment of headache and face pain.
system: What is the National Headache Foundation?
output: National Headache Foundation The National Headache Foundation exists to enhance the medical treatment of headache. It serves as a resource for people who suffer from headaches, physicians, allied health professionals, and the public.
system: How is circumcision done?
output: During a circumcision, the foreskin is freed from the head of the penis, and the excess foreskin is clipped off. If done in the newborn period, the procedure takes about five to 10 minutes. Adult circumcision takes about one hour. The circumcision generally heals in five to seven days.
system: What is circumcision?
output: Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head(glans) of the penis. It is an ancient practice that has its origin in religious rites. Today, many parents have their sons circumcised for religious or other reasons.
system: Can circumcision prevent hygiene problems with the penis?
output: Circumcision also makes it easier to keep the end of the penis clean. Note: Some studies show that good hygiene can help prevent certain problems with the penis, including infections and swelling, even if the penis is not circumcised. In addition, using a condom during sex will help prevent STDs and other infections.
system: What are the risks of circumcision?
output: Like any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with circumcision. However, this risk is low. Problems associated with circumcision include: Pain Risk of bleeding and infection at the site of the circumcision Irritation of the glans Increased risk of meatitis (inflammation of the opening of the penis) Risk of injury to the penis
system: What are the benefits of circumcision?
output: There is some evidence that circumcision has health benefits, including: A decreased risk of urinary tract infections. A reduced risk of some sexually transmitted diseases in men. Protection against penile cancer and a reduced risk of cervical cancer in female sex partners. Prevention of balanitis (inflammation of the glans) and balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans and foreskin). Prevention of phimosis (the inability to retract the foreskin) and paraphimosis (the inability to return the foreskin to its original location). Circumcision also makes it easier to keep the end of the penis clean.
system: Is circumcision necessary?
output: The use of circumcision for medical or health reasons is an issue that continues to be debated. The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP) found that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks, but the benefits are not great enough to recommend universalnewborn circumcision. The procedure may be recommended in older boys and men to treat phimosis (the inability to retract the foreskin) or to treat an infection of the penis. Parents should talk with their doctor about the benefits and risks of the procedure before making a decision regarding circumcision of a male child. Other factors, such as your culture, religion, and personal preference, will also be involved in your decision.
system: When is circumcision done?
output: Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head(glans) of the penis. !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Circumcision is usually performed on the first or second day after birth. ( Among the Jewish population, circumcision is performed on the eighth day.) The procedure becomes more complicated and riskier in older babies, children, and men.
system: When should my child get medical attention for croup?
output: No matter which type of croup it is, any time your child has difficulty breathing, retractions (when his skin pulls tight around his ribs), or stridor at rest, immediate medical attention is needed. Stridor when crying, agitated, or playing, or a barky cough is not an emergency.
system: What is croup?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Croup is a condition that irritates your baby's upper airways and causes them to swell. As the airway below his vocal cords becomes narrow, your baby will find it hard to breathe. His breathing will be noisy and he'll have a cough that sounds a lot like a high-pitched seal or dog bark. His voice will also sound raspy and hoarse, especially when he cries.
system: When do babies usually get croup?
output: Croup is more common in the fall and early winter. It's more common in boys than in girls. The condition is contagious, especially in the first few days or until your child's fever is gone. There are two types of this condition -- viral and spasmodic.
system: What causes viral croup?
output: Most often, croup is caused by an infection. The virus that most often causes croup is parainfluenza. But over time, your child will develop a âbarkyâ cough. He also may make a high-pitched, wheezing sound in his lower airway when he breathes in. The croup sound in the upper airway is a harsh, loud sound known as âstridor.â There can be a low fever too. He might also be hoarse, have stridor, and a barky cough.
system: How is an event monitor used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: Event monitor -- If your symptoms don't happen often, your doctor may suggest you wear one of these, usually for about a month. This is a device that, when you push a button, will record and store your heart's electrical activity for a few minutes. Each time you notice symptoms, you should try to get a reading on the monitor. Your doctor will interpret the results.
system: How is an echocardiogram used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: Echocardiogram -- This test uses ultrasound to evaluate heart muscle and heart valves.
system: What is long QT syndrome?
output: This may cause potentially dangerous arrhythmias and sudden death. Doctors can treat it with medications or devices called defibrillators.
system: What is catheter ablation?
output: You can think of this procedure as rewiring to fix an electrical problem within the heart. The doctor will insert a catheter through the leg. The catheter delivers high-frequency electrical energy to a small area inside the heart that causes the abnormal heart rhythm. This energy "disconnects" the pathway of the abnormal rhythm. Doctors use ablation to treat most PSVTs, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and some atrial and ventricular tachycardias. Some people also need other procedures.
system: What is electrical cardioversion?
output: If drugs can't control a persistent irregular heart rhythm (such as atrial fibrillation), you might need cardioversion. For this, doctors, give you a short-acting anesthesia, then deliver an electrical shock to your chest wall to allow the normal rhythm to restart.
system: What are bradyarrhythmias?
output: These are slow heart rhythms, which may be due to disease in the heart's electrical system. When this occurs, you may feel like you are going to pass out, or actually pass out. This could also be from medication. The treatment for this could be a pacemaker.
system: How is a head-up tilt table test used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: Head-up tilt table test -- Doctors use this test to find out what's causing fainting spells. It measures the difference in heart rate and blood pressure when you're standing up or lying down. You'll get this test in a lab. You'll lie on a stretcher, tilted at different angles while you're getting an EKG and specialists are checking your blood pressure and oxygen level. This shows if symptoms of passing out are due to the electrical system, the nervous system, or the vascular system.
system: What is ventricular fibrillation?
output: This happens when the heart's lower chambers quiver and can't contract or pump blood to the body. This is a medical emergency that must be treated with CPR and defibrillation as soon as possible.
system: What is atrial fibrillation relative to arrhythmias?
output: This common irregular heart rhythm causes the upper chambers of the heart to contract abnormally.
system: What causes arrhythmias?
output: You could have an arrhythmia even if your heart is healthy. Or it could happen because you have: Heart disease The wrong balance of electrolytes (such as sodium or potassium) in your blood Changes in your heart muscle Injury from a heart attack Healing process after heart surgery The many types of arrhythmias include: Premature atrial contractions.
system: What is paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)?
output: A rapid heart rate, usually with a regular rhythm, starting from above the heart's lower chambers, or ventricles. PSVT begins and ends suddenly.
system: What is a premature atrial contraction?
output: These are early extra beats that start in the heart's upper chambers, called the atria. They are harmless and generally don't need treatment.
system: What happens during heart surgery to treat arrhythmias?
output: The Maze procedure is a type of surgery used to correct atrial fibrillation. During this procedure, the surgeon makes a series, or "maze," of cuts in the heart's upper chambers. The goal is to keep the heart's electrical impulses only on certain pathways. Some people may need a pacemaker afterward.
system: How is a cardiac catheterization used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: Cardiac catheterization -- Your doctor will insert a long, thin tube, called a catheter, into a blood vessel in your arm or leg. She will guide it to your heart with help from a special X-ray machine. Then she'll inject dye through the catheter to help make X-ray videos of your heart's valves, coronary arteries, and chambers.
system: What are accessory pathway tachycardias?
output: You can get a rapid heart rate because there is an extra pathway between the heart's upper and lower chambers. It's just like if there was an extra road on your way home as well as your usual route, so cars can move around faster. When that happens in your heart, it can cause a fast heart rhythm, which doctors call tachycardia. The impulses that control your heart rhythm travel around the heart very quickly, making it beat unusually fast.
system: How is an Holter monitor used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: Holter monitor -- This is a portable EKG that you'll use for 1 to 2 days. You'll have electrodes taped to your skin. It's painless and you can do everything but shower while wearing the electrodes.
system: How is an electrocardiogram used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: If you do have symptoms, they may include: Palpitations (a feeling of skipped heart beats, fluttering or "flip-flops") Pounding in your chest Dizziness or feeling light-headed Fainting Shortness of breath Chest pain or tightness Weakness or fatigue (feeling very tired) To diagnose an arrhythmia or find its cause, doctors use tests including: Electrocardiogram -- Also called an EKG or ECG, this test records the electrical activity of your heart. You wear small electrode patches on your chest, arms, and legs for the quick, painless test, which you take in your doctor's office.
system: What is an AV nodal reentrant tachycardia?
output: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. This is another type of fast heartbeat. It's caused by there being an extra pathway through a part of the heart called the AV node. It can cause heart palpitations, fainting, or heart failure. In some cases, you can stop it simply by breathing in and bearing down. Some drugs can also stop this heart rhythm.
system: What is a ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)?
output: A rapid heart rhythm starting from the heart's lower chambers. Because the heart is beating too fast, it can't fill up with enough blood. This can be a serious arrhythmia -- especially in people with heart disease -- and it may be linked to other symptoms.
system: How is a stress test used to diagnose arrhythmias?
output: Stress test -- There are different kinds of stress tests. The goal is to check how much stress your heart can manage before having a heart rhythm problem or not getting enough blood flow to the heart. For the most common type of stress test, you'll walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike at increasing levels of difficulty while you're getting an EKG and getting your heart rate and blood pressure monitored.
system: What are premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)?
output: Premature ventricular contractions ( PVCs). But sometimes, PVCs can be caused by heart disease or electrolyte imbalance. If you have a lot of PVCs, or symptoms linked to them, see a heart doctor (cardiologist).
system: What is a pacemaker?
output: The pacemaker has a pulse generator (which houses the battery and a tiny computer) and wires that send impulses from the pulse generator to the heart muscle. When the heart beats too fast, you get a series of small electrical impulses to the heart muscle to restore a normal heart rate and rhythm.
system: What should I know about arrhythmias?
output: It just means it's out of its normal rhythm. It may feel like your heart skipped a beat, added a beat, is "fluttering," or is beating too fast (which doctors call tachycardia) or too slow (called bradycardia). Or, you might not notice anything, since some arrhythmias are "silent." Arrhythmias can be an emergency, or they may be harmless. If you feel something unusual happening with your heartbeat, call 911 so doctors can find out why it's happening and what you need to do about it. This is another type of fast heartbeat.
system: When should I call my doctor about arrhythmias?
output: If you experience this, call your doctor. Sinus node dysfunction. Heart block. There is a delay or a complete block of the electrical impulse as it travels from the heart's sinus node to its lower chambers. The heart may beat irregularly and, often, more slowly. In serious cases, you'd get a pacemaker. Some people may need a pacemaker afterward.
system: How is benign positional vertigo treated?
output: The most common and effective treatment is called particle repositioning maneuvers ( Epley maneuver). A form of physical therapy for the inner ear, it can be done in outpatient setting and continued at home.
system: How do human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) affect African-Americans?
output: AIDS is a leading cause of death in African- Americans, especially in young women. Part of the problem may be a lingering distrust in the black community of government sources of information and research. As a group, African- Americans are more likely to be uninsured or publicly insured than whites.
system: How can lacking of awareness put African-Americans at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
output: In many ways, African- Americans have been hit harder by HIV than any other racial or ethnic group in the United States. Many black people may be HIV-positive and not know it, so they continue to spread the virus while also getting sicker. Some African- Americans still mistakenly believe that HIV is a white, gay disease. Stigma around homosexuality may also silence men who have sex with men. It may be harder to find support and services to help live with HIV or AIDS and related illnesses.
system: How is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing used as therapy?
output: !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Although research continues, EMDR remains controversial among some health care professionals. At first glance, EMDR appears to approach psychological issues in an unusual way. It does not rely on talk therapy or medications. Instead, EMDR uses a patient's own rapid, rhythmic eye movements. These eye movements dampen the power of emotionally charged memories of past traumatic events.
system: What do the guidelines for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing recommend?
output: Guidelines issued by more than one professional organization have recently boosted the credibility of EMDR. These guidelines define who may benefit from the treatment. For example: The American Psychiatric Association ( APA) has noted that EMDR is effective for treating symptoms of acute and chronic PTSD. According to the APA, EMDR may be particularly useful for people who have trouble talking about the traumatic events they've experienced. The APA guidelines note that other research is needed to tell whether improvements from EMDR can be sustained over time. The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense have jointly issued clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines "strongly recommended" EMDR for the treatment of PTSD in both military and non-military populations. They also note that this approach has been as effective as other psychological treatments in some studies, and less effective in others.
system: What other psychological problems does eye movement desensitization and reprocessing target?
output: Although most research into EMDR has examined its use in people with PTSD, EMDR is sometimes used experimentally to treat many other psychological problems. They include: Panic attacks Eating disorders Addictions Anxiety, such as discomfort with public speaking or dental procedures More than 20,000 practitioners have been trained to use EMDR since psychologist Francine Shapiro developed the technique in 1989.