laomobai/llama3-1 huggingface dataset:
system: What are the benefits of blood thinners for atherosclerosis?
output: The benefits of blood thinners come at the price of an increased risk of bleeding. For most people at risk from atherosclerosis, though, the benefits of antiplatelets outweigh the risks. Speak with your doctor before starting an aspirin regimen or any other heart medication. There are no proven cures for atherosclerosis. But medication can and lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of complications.
system: Can statins help atherosclerosis?
output: Taking a statin for a year or longer can even slightly shrink plaques that cause atherosclerosis. This reversal of atherosclerosis surprised many experts who believed it couldn't be done.
system: How does ticagrelor reduce the risk of blood clots?
output: Ticagrelor ( Brilinta): Ticagrelor is similar to clopidogrel. This drug is less effective if patients take more than 100 milligrams a day of aspirin. A "baby aspirin" contains 81 milligrams of aspirin. An FDA "black box" warning tells doctors about the risk of using higher doses of aspirin along with ticagrelor.
system: How do bile acid sequestrants work for atherosclerosis?
output: This leads to a lower bile acid level. You need bile, so when that happens, cholesterol must be used to make more. This lowers blood cholesterol levels.
system: How does aspirin reduce the risk of blood clots?
output: Aspirin: Plain old aspirin is actually a powerful blood thinner. A baby aspirin a day can reduce the risk of first heart attacks and strokes by about 25%.
system: How does warfarin reduce the risk of blood clots?
output: Warfarin ( Coumadin): This powerful blood thinner is an anticoagulant. It is not generally used to treat atherosclerosis. Warfarin is used for other medical conditions that involve blood clots, for example, atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis. It has not been shown to be better than aspirin in preventing heart attacks.
system: How do Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa work for atherosclerosis?
output: Epanova, Lovaza, Omtryg, and Vascepa --all containing omega-3s -- are prescription drugs that can be used with diet to lower high levels of triglycerides.
system: Can drugs treat atherosclerosis?
output: It can lower LDL levels. There are no proven cures for atherosclerosis. But medication can and lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of complications.
system: How common are side effects from niacin?
output: But taking a statin can reduce the risk of complications from atherosclerosis. Niacin also can increase blood sugar levels. This is a problem especially for people with diabetes. Because of its side effects, niacin is much less frequently prescribed than statins or fibrates. The benefits of blood thinners come at the price of an increased risk of bleeding.
system: How does ezetimibe (Zetia) work for atherosclerosis?
output: Taken in large doses, it improves cholesterol levels by reducing triglycerides and LDL. But it doesn't work as well as statins. This drug is usually used in addition to a statin to further lower bad cholesterol. There is no evidence, though, that it reduces the risk of heart attacks or strokes.
system: What should I do if I'm diagnsed with FTD?
output: The condition is not life-threatening. But you should find a doctor who knows how to manage it as soon as possible. Speech experts, physical therapists, and nurses may be able to help, too. You should also think about doing these things: Ask your doctor whether medications can help. Find a support group. Share information with family and friends. Get a driving evaluation. Exercise and eat healthy foods.
system: What causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD)?
output: Scientists don't know for sure. But it starts when nerve cells in two parts or âlobesâ of the brain -- the front and the side -- die. That causes the lobes to shrink. Doctors believe FTD may be genetic. About 4 out of 10 people who have it also have a relative who had it or some other form of dementia.
system: How is frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnosed?
output: It can be hard to figure out if someone has FTD. That's because it often mirrors other disorders, like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, depression, and schizophrenia. See a doctor about any strange behavior. He'll ask about medications and family history. He may also do blood tests to rule out other medical problems. He might refer you to a neurologist, who will check things like your balance, reflexes, memory, and thinking.
system: What is a type B aortic dissection?
output: This is when your lower, or descending, aorta tears. It, too, may reach into your abdomen.
system: What are the treatments for aortic dissection?
output: He may also do blood tests and decide to do surgery, which involves removing the dissection and ârebuildingâ your aorta with a plastic tube, called a graft. Treatment often involves medications. These can include beta blockers and sodium nitroprusside ( Nitropress), which will help lower your blood pressure and heart rate. You may have to take these for the rest of your life.
system: What genetic diseases increase your odds of having an aortic dissection?
output: Other things that make an aortic dissection more likely include: Hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis High blood pressure, or hypertension, that isn't being controlled A pre-existing bulging, or weakened, artery A bicuspid aortic valve (a valve with two leaflets) When the aorta is narrowed at birth, called aortic coarctation Smoking Certain genetic diseases also seem to increase your odds of having an aortic dissection, including: Turner's syndrome Marfan syndrome Connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers- Danlos syndrome and Loeys- Dietz syndrome Some inflammatory conditions, such as giant cell arteritis and syphilis Using cocaine, being pregnant, and even high-intensity weightlifting can raise your chances of having an aortic dissection.
system: What causes an aortic dissection?
output: Aortic dissection happens in places where your aortic wall is weak. Over time, high blood pressure can weaken your aortic tissue. Sometimes the weakness is from a condition you're born with that affects the strength or size of your aorta. Marfan syndrome is one example. In rare cases it's caused by a traumatic injury to the chest, as can happen in a car accident, for example.
system: What is a type A aortic dissection?
output: The tear happens in your upper aorta, which is also called the ascending aorta. It can extend into your abdomen, or in the area where your aorta leaves your heart.
system: How should I prepare for an electrocardiogram?
output: Some things you can do to get yourself ready: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test because they can keep the electrodes from making contact with your skin. Avoid full-length hosiery, because electrodes need to be placed directly on your legs. Wear a shirt that you can remove easily to place the leads on your chest.
system: What happens during an electrocardiogram?
output: A technician will attach 10 electrodes with adhesive pads to the skin of your chest, arms, and legs. If you're a guy, you may need to have your chest hair shaved to allow a better connection. During the test you'll lie flat while a computer creates a picture, on graph paper, of the electrical impulses that move through your heart. This is called a "resting" EKG, although the same test may be used to check your heart while you exercise. It takes about 10 minutes to attach the electrodes and complete the test, but the actual recording takes only a few seconds. Your doctor will keep your EKG patterns on file so that he can compare them to tests you get in the future.
system: How is an event monitor used for electrocardiograms?
output: Your doctor will ask you to keep a diary of what you did and any symptoms you notice. When you push a button, it will record and store your heart's electrical activity for a few minutes. You may need to wear it for weeks or sometimes months. Each time you notice symptoms, you should try to get a reading on the monitor. The info is sent on the phone to your doctor, who will analyze it.
system: What does research show about nattokinase?
output: One study shows that a nattokinase supplement lowers the risk of blood clots after long plane flights. It may help reduce narrowing of the arteries. Other studies show that nattokinase may help lower blood pressure. However, we need more research to see if it is effective. Optimal doses of nattokinase have not been set for any condition. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it very hard to set a standard dose. Ask your doctor for advice.
system: What are side effects of nattokinase?
output: Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications. Side effects. In food, nattokinase is safe. More studies are needed to see if nattokinase taken as a supplement is safe for repeated or long-term use.
system: What are risks of taking nattokinase?
output: Nattokinase is a natural enzyme. There's some early evidence that nattokinase may have benefits for heart and artery health. You may need to stop taking nattokinase if you're planning to have surgery. Given the lack of evidence about its safety, doctors don't recommend nattokinase for children or for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
system: What is nattokinase?
output: Nattokinase is a natural enzyme. There's some early evidence that nattokinase may have benefits for heart and artery health. In food, nattokinase is safe. More studies are needed to see if nattokinase taken as a supplement is safe for repeated or long-term use.
system: What foods have nattokinase in them?
output: It seems that the fermentation process makes nattokinase. You can't get nattokinase from other soy foods. In food, nattokinase is safe.
system: How does nattokinase interact with other medications?
output: If you have any blood clotting disorders, don't take nattokinase supplements unless a doctor says it's safe. They could cause excess bleeding and bruising.
system: What are some medications that can affect your sex life?
output: If you have back pain, for instance, have sex side-by-side instead of in the missionary position, which can make back pain worse. Some that can do this include: antidepressants antihistamines blood pressure medicines cholesterol-lowering drugs ulcer medications If you have reason to suspect that any of your meds are dampening your sex life, talk with your doctor.
system: What are the best medications to relieve painful menstrual cramps?
output: The best way to relieve painful menstrual cramps is to take an anti-inflammatory medication. Ibuprofen ( Advil, Motrin), ketoprofen ( Orudis), and naproxen ( Aleve, Naprosyn) are available without a prescription and are effective at blocking the effects of prostaglandins.
system: What is primary dysmenorrhea in relation to menstrual pain?
output: Other menstrual-type cramps can be caused by conditions of the reproductive tract, such as the following: Endometriosis -- uterine tissue that appears outside the uterus Fibroids and adenomyosis -- noncancerous (benign) growths in the uterus Infections in the reproductive organs Abnormal pregnancy, such as an ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy in the tubes, outside the uterus) IUD (intra-uterine device) used for birth control Ovarian cyst Narrow cervix If a woman has had menstrual pain ever since her periods started, the condition is classified as primary dysmenorrhea. If a physical condition such as pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis has developed and is causing the pain, this is called secondary dysmenorrhea. Once the medical condition is treated, the menstrual pain usually goes away.
system: What increases the chances a woman experiences menstrual cramps?
output: The following circumstances may make a woman more likely to experience menstrual cramps: She started her first period at an early age (younger than 11 years). Her menstrual periods are heavy. She is overweight or obese. She smokes cigarettes or uses alcohol. She has never been pregnant.
system: Can birth control pills help stop menstrual cramps?
output: Starting some form of hormonal birth control is another option to control or stop menstrual cramps. This can be a pill, an injection, a transdermal patch, or a hormone-containing IUD. These methods can reduce or eliminate the menstrual flow leading to less pain.
system: What additional tests may be ordered when dealing with menstrual pain?
output: The doctor may order a pregnancy test if the periods are irregular or the woman is not using birth control regularly. An ultrasound exam is necessary if the doctor discovers any abnormal masses during the pelvic exam or there is a new onset of menstrual pain. A doctor may recommend a laparoscopy, which is a minor surgical procedure allowing the doctor to look directly into the pelvic cavity with a fiber-optic scope. This is an outpatient procedure using very small incisions. A hysteroscopy is another possible procedure. By inserting a hysteroscope (thin lighted tube) through the vagina, the doctor can see inside the cervix and the inside of the uterus without incisions. This can be done in a doctor's office or a hospital.
system: When should medications be taken to relieve painful menstrual cramps?
output: These drugs work better if taken before the start of menstruation and can be continued as long as needed. If one type does not relieve the pain, try another, because these medications do not work the same in everyone.
system: What initial exam will a doctor do when dealing with menstrual pain?
output: Be prepared to discuss these details: The timing of the cramps in relation to the start of the period Type of pain Age when the cramps first started Any recent change in the pain Irregular periods Vaginal discharge Pain with intercourse Infertility History of pelvic infections Age when first period occurred Current medications What things seem to improve or worsen the pain The doctor will perform a pelvic exam to check for any problems. If there are concerns about a possible infection, cervical cultures and a blood test will confirm the diagnosis. Additional tests may be ordered.
system: When should you go to the hospital or call the emergency department about menstrual pain?
output: The woman's doctor can help her manage most symptoms. However, she should go to a hospital's emergency department if any of the following problems occur: She faints. She experiences repeated dizziness when standing up. A sudden, intense pelvic pain causes her to double over. Tissue is passed in the menstrual flow. Tissue often appears silvery or grayish. She is pregnant and has severe menstrual-type pain.
system: What are some alternative therapies for relieving menstrual pain?
output: If taking hormonal birth control is not an option because of health problems or the woman is among the 10% of women who do not respond to this treatment, there are some other alternatives. Acupuncture Wearing a TENS (transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation) unit, a small electrical device that interferes with pain signals as they travel to the brain Prevent painful menstrual cramps with these techniques: Keep a normal body weight.
system: When should you call your healthcare provider about menstrual pain?
output: In addition to cramps in the lower abdomen, a woman may also experience some of these symptoms with menstrual cramps: Lower back pain Leg pain, radiating down the legs Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Headaches Irritability Weakness Fainting spells (in extreme cases) Most women have significant improvement with home care. However, a woman should call her health care provider in these situations: Menstrual cramps continue to be painful for longer than usual. The pain is suddenly worse or different from what she may have experienced before. Bleeding is excessive, requiring more than one pad or tampon per hour. Signs of infection, such as fever, chills, and body aches, are present at the time of the period. The woman suspects she may be pregnant and any of these symptoms occur.
system: Can anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve painful menstrual cramps be harsh on the stomach?
output: If there is a history of kidney problems or stomach problems (such as ulcers or reflux), consult with your health care provider before starting this type of medication. Taking the pills with meals may help prevent upset stomach. Anti-inflammatory drugs are 80% effective.
system: What is the outlook for menstrual pain?
output: A hysteroscopy is another possible procedure. Anti-inflammatory drugs are 80% effective. Hormonal birth control decreases the pain 90% of the time. Cramps also tend to decrease in intensity as a woman ages. Cramps may disappear after a woman's first pregnancy.
system: How many collagen or filler injections will I need?
output: It's important to know that one treatment probably will not remove every line on your face. Just like natural collagen, collagen replacements begin to lose form and will eventually wear down. Treatment may require collagen injections two to four times a year to maintain the smoothing effects.
system: What are collagen injections?
output: Collagen injections give your skin a plumper, smoother appearance. Although collagen is the best known filler, there are many other substances doctors can use to plump up your skin, including fat from your own body and synthetic materials. Collagen injections replenish the skin's natural collagen.
system: Which professionals should I reach out to about my type 2 diabetes?
output: You need a medical team that knows diabetes inside and out. They could include: An endocrinologist, who has a lot of experience working with people who have diabetes An ophthalmologist for your eyes A pharmacist, who's familiar with all your medicines A registered dietitian, who can give you pointers on what to eat A diabetes educator All of these professionals work with you to help you stay well.
system: Do you need surgery for a hernia?
output: Your doctor will likely recommend it if any of these things happen: Tissue (such as the intestine) becomes trapped in the abdominal wall. This is called incarceration. If left untreated, it may lead to strangulation. That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. The hernia becomes strangulated. This can cause permanent damage and is a surgical emergency. Strangulated organs, usually your intestines, will die, and if not removed quickly, you can become seriously ill. Call your doctor right away if you have a fever or nausea, sudden pain that gets worse, or a hernia that turns red, purple, or dark. The hernia causes pain or discomfort, or it's growing larger.
system: How is laparoscopic surgery done for a hernia?
output: Laparoscopic surgery: In this surgery, your abdomen is inflated with a harmless gas. This gives the surgeon a better look of your organs. He'll make a few small incisions (cuts) near the hernia. He'll insert a thin tube with a tiny camera on the end (laparoscope). The surgeon uses images from the laparoscope as a guide to repair the hernia with mesh. For laparoscopic surgery, you'll receive general anesthesia. Recovery is usually faster with laparoscopic surgery: On average, patients are back to their normal routine a week sooner than with open surgery.
system: What are non-surgical treatments for a hernia?
output: It depends on the size and symptoms. Call your doctor right away if you have a fever or nausea, sudden pain that gets worse, or a hernia that turns red, purple, or dark. The hernia causes pain or discomfort, or it's growing larger. You may be able to wait to have surgery if: Your hernia goes away when you lie down, or you can push it back into your belly It's small, and causes few -- or no -- symptoms (these may never need surgery) Talk to your doctor.
system: How is open surgery done for a hernia?
output: That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. He'll gently push the hernia back into place, tie it off, or remove it. Then he'll close the weak area of the muscle -- where the hernia pushed through -- with stitches. For larger hernias, your surgeon may add a piece of flexible mesh for extra support. It'll help keep the hernia from coming back.
system: What are the risks of hernia surgery?
output: This is called incarceration. They include: Infection of the wound Blood clots: These can develop because you're under anesthesia and don't move for a long period of time. Pain: In most cases, the area will be sore as you heal. But some people develop chronic, long-lasting pain after surgery for a groin hernia, for example. Experts think the procedure may damage certain nerves. Laparoscopic surgery may cause less pain than an open procedure. Recurrence: The hernia could come back after the surgery. Research shows that using mesh can reduce your risk of this happening by half.
system: What should you know about treating hernias?
output: Hernias usually don't get better on their own. In rare cases, they can lead to life-threatening complications. That's why doctors often often recommend surgery. But not every hernia needs immediate treatment. It depends on the size and symptoms. A surgical hernia repair involves pushing the bulge back inside the body part that should contain it, and keeping it there. That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. Recovery is usually faster with laparoscopic surgery: On average, patients are back to their normal routine a week sooner than with open surgery.
system: Is it safe to use an asthma inhaler while pregnant?
output: It's OK to use an inhaler.
system: How can I reduce the impact of my asthma on my  baby?
output: Good asthma control is the key to a successful pregnancy. To lessen the impact of your condition on your unborn baby: Have an asthma plan. Work with your asthma doctor to find the right kind and amount of medication for you to take. Recognize your asthma triggers. Keep a diary of what makes your asthma worse, and find ways to avoid those triggers. Receive coordinated care. Make sure your asthma doctor and your pregnancy provider coordinate your care.
system: Can I take my asthma medicine during labor and breastfeeding?
output: In general, the same asthma treatment that's OK when you're pregnant is OK when you go into labor and when you breastfeed your baby. Talk to your doctor to make sure your asthma medicine is safe to keep taking in these circumstances.
system: Can I get allergy shots and the flu shot while pregnant?
output: Tell your allergist if you're pregnant. You shouldn't start allergy shots if you're pregnant. But if you're already getting them, your doctor will probably continue them and monitor you for any problems. The flu vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and people with asthma because they're among groups at high risk for severe flu complications, including death. Pregnant women should only get the flu shot (notthe nasal flu vaccine).
system: Can pregnancy make asthma worse?
output: Pregnancy could make your asthma worse. There's no clear answer to this question. In general, if your asthma is severe, chances are it may become a little worse during your pregnancy. On the other hand, if you were pregnant before and your asthma did not get worse, chances are that it will not get worse during the next pregnancy. The flu vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and people with asthma because they're among groups at high risk for severe flu complications, including death.
system: Can you have a healthy pregnancy and have asthma?
output: Just because you have asthma doesn't mean you can't have a healthy pregnancy. But you have to keep your asthma under control. On the other hand, if you were pregnant before and your asthma did not get worse, chances are that it will not get worse during the next pregnancy. But if you have severe asthma, it's worth talking to your doctor before you get pregnant.