page_title: Northern Andean páramo
section_title: Fauna
hierarchical_section_title: Northern Andean páramo / Ecology / Fauna
caption_attribution_description: English: Bogota Rail
context_page_description: The Northern Andean páramo is an ecoregion containing páramo vegetation above the treeline in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.
  In the past, when the climate was cooler, the treeline and the páramo units were lower and the units were connected.
  During the present warmer Holocene epoch the páramos have migrated uphill, shrinking and becoming isolated.
  They contain many rare or endangered species, some of them restricted to a narrow area of one mountain or mountain range.
  The ecoregion is relatively well preserved, but faces threats from over-grazing and farming.
context_section_description: Endangered mammals include Hammond's rice rat (Mindomys hammondi), mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) and woodland Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys hylophilus).
  Endangered reptiles include Colombian lightbulb lizard (Riama columbiana) and Riama petrorum.
  Endangered birds include Apolinar's wren (Cistothorus apolinari), black-breasted puffleg (Eriocnemis nigrivestis) and Bogotá rail (Rallus semiplumbeus).
  Endangered amphibians include the painted frogs Atelopus arthuri, A. bomolochos, A. ebenoides, A. exiguus, A. muisca and A. pachydermus, the poison dart frog Colostethus jacobuspetersi, the marsupial frogs Gastrotheca espeletia, G. litonedis, G. orophylax, G. pseustes and G. riobambae, the treefrog Hyloscirtus psarolaimus, the rocket frogs Hyloxalus anthracinus, H. delatorreae, H. edwardsi, H. vertebralis, the Boqueron robber frog Hypodactylus latens, the Niceforonia adenobrachia, the plump toads Osornophryne percrassa and O. talipes, the robber frogs Pristimantis atratus, P. baryecuus, P. cryophilius, P. cryptomelas, P. devillei, P. gentryi, P. mnionaetes, P. modipeplus, P. ocreatus, P. orestes, P. pycnodermis, P. pyrrhomerus, P. simonbolivari, P. simoteriscus, P. surdus, P. thymalopsoides and P. truebae and the black water frog Telmatobius niger.
caption: Endangered Bogotá rail (Rallus semiplumbeus)
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