page_title: Vinland
section_title: Other possible Norse finds
hierarchical_section_title: Vinland / Life in Vinland / Other possible Norse finds
caption_attribution_description: Dimensions: 27.8 by 41.0 centimeters (10.9 by 16.1 inches) English: The Vinland map / chart is purportedly a 15th century Mappa Mundi, redrawn from a 13th century original. Drawn with black ink on animal skin, if authentic the map is the first known depiction of the North American coastline, created before Columbus' 1492 voyage. The upper left caption reads: “By God's will, after a long voyage from the island of Greenland to the south toward the most distant remaining parts of the western ocean sea, sailing southward amidst the ice, the companions Bjarni and Leif riksson discovered a new land, extremely fertile and even having vines, ... which island they named Vinland.” Most scholars and scientists who have studied the map have concluded that it is a fake, probably drawn on old parchment in the 20th century. Deutsch: Die Vinland Mappe / Karte ist angeblich eine Weltkarte des 15. Jahrhunderts, neu gezeichnet von einem Original aus dem 13. Jahrhundert . Gezeichnet mit schwarzer Tinte auf Tierhaut, wenn sie echt wäre, wäre die Karte die erste bekannte Darstellung der nordamerikanischen Küste, die vor Kolumbus' Reise 1492. Im linken oberen Teil Inschrift: "Mit Gottes Willen, nach einer langen Reise von der Insel Grönland nach Süden durch das Eis segelnd zu den am weitesten entfernten übrigen Teilen des westlichen Ozeans, entdeckten die Gefährten Bjarni und Leif Erikssohn ein neues Land, äußerst fruchtbar und sogar mit Reben, eine Insel, die sie Vinland nannten" Die meisten Gelehrten und Wissenschaftler, die die Karte untersucht haben, kommen zu dem Schluss, dass die Karte eine Fälschung ist, die wahrscheinlich im 20. Jahrhundert auf alten Pergament gezeichnet wurde. Français&#160;: La carte du Vinland est une carte datant peut-être du XVe siècle, et reprenant un original du XIIIe siècle. Tracée à l'encre noire sur du parchemin, cette carte est la première carte connue montrant la côte de L'Amérique du Nord, et est plus ancienne que le voyage de Christophe Collomb (1492). La légende en haut à gauche se lit “Par la volonté de Dieu et après un long voyage depuis l'île du Groenland vers les parts les plus lointaines de la mer océane de l'ouest, naviguant au sud au milieu des glaces, les compagnons Bjarni et Leif Eiriksson découvrirent une nouvelle terre, très fertile et portant de la vigne [...] ils la nommèrent Vinland.” La plupart des études au sujet de cette carte suggèrent qu'elle est truquée, dessinée au 20me siècle sur deux feuilles de parchemin anciennes.
context_page_description: Vinland, Vineland or Winland is the area of coastal North America explored by Norse Vikings, where Leif Erikson first landed around AD 1000, approximately five centuries prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot. Vinland was the name given to North America as far as it was explored by the Norse in the Vinland Sagas, presumably including both Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence as far as northeastern New Brunswick. As many of the features and details of the sagas match present day knowledge of transatlantic travel and North America they are considered to be a reliable historical account. According to the historian Gisli Sigurdsson, 'The sagas are still our best proof that such voyages to the North American continent took place. Coincidence or wishful thinking simply cannot have produced descriptions of topography, natural resources and native lifestyles unknown to people in Europe that can be corroborated in North America.'
  In 1960, archaeological evidence of the only known Norse site in North America was found at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of the island of Newfoundland.
context_section_description: An authentic late-11th-century Norwegian silver penny, with a hole for stringing on a necklace, was found in Maine. Its discovery by an amateur archaeologist in 1957 is controversial; questions have been raised whether it was planted as a hoax. Numerous artifacts attributed to the Norse have been found in Canada, particularly on Baffin Island and in northern Labrador.
  Other claimed Norse artifacts in the area south of the St. Lawrence include a number of stones inscribed with runic letters. The Kensington Runestone was found in Minnesota, but is generally considered a hoax. The authenticity of the Spirit Pond runestones, recovered in Phippsburg, Maine, is also questioned. Other examples are the Heavener Runestone, the Shawnee Runestone, and the Vérendrye Runestone. The age and origin of these stones is debated, and so far none has been firmly dated or associated with clear evidence of a medieval Norse presence. In general, script in the runic alphabet does not in itself guarantee a Viking age or medieval connection, as Dalecarlian runes have been suggested to have been used until the 20th century.
  Point Rosee, on the southwest coast of Newfoundland, was thought to be the location of a possible Norse settlement. The site was discovered through satellite imagery in 2014 by Sarah Parcak. In their November 8, 2017, report, which was submitted to the Provincial Archaeology Office in St. John's, Newfoundland, Sarah Parcak and Gregory "Greg" Mumford wrote that they "found no evidence whatsoever for either a Norse presence or human activity at Point Rosee prior to the historic period" and that "None of the team members, including the Norse specialists, deemed this area as having any traces of human activity."
caption: The Vinland map, alleged to be pre-Columbian.
exif: {"Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop 7.0", "Image DateTime": "2002:07:29 15:14:15", "Image ExifOffset": "156", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "294", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "15650", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "3038", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2103"}