page_title: Internal combustion engine
hierarchical_section_title: Internal combustion engine
caption_attribution_description: فارسی: C: میل لنگ E: میل بادامک دریچه گاز خروجی I: میل بادامک ورودی P: پیستون R: شاتون S: شمع (مولد جرقه موتور) V: سوپاپ W: مجراهای آب سرد English: Labeled diagram of a four-stroke DOHC engine. C – crankshaft. E – exhaust camshaft. I – inlet camshaft. P – piston. R – connecting rod. S – spark plug. V – valves. red: exhaust, blue: intake. W – cooling water jacket. gray structure – engine block. Français&#160;: C: Vilebrequin E: Arbre à cames - échappement I: Arbre à cames - admission P: Piston R: Bielle S: Bougie d'allumage V: Soupape Rouge-échappement&#160;; Blue-admission العربية: C: محور الدوران E: حدبة صمام الغاز الخارج I: حدبة صمام الغاز الداخل P: مكبس R: عصا توصيل S: شمعة اشعال V: صمامات. الاحمر&#160;: الغاز الخارج, الازرق: الغاز الداخل W: أوعية مياه التبريد Deutsch: Komponenten eines typischen, Viertakt, DOHC Kolben Motor. C: Kurbelwelle E: Abgasventil-Nockenwelle I: Luftzufuhrventil-Nockenwelle P: Kolben R: Pleuelstange S: Zündkerze V: Ventile. Rot: Abgasöffnung, Blau: Einsaugöffnung W: Kühlwasser Schächte. Español: C: Cigueñal E: Árbol de levas de escape I: Árbol de levas de admisión P: Pistón R: Biela S: Bujía V: Válvula de asiento W: Conductos del líquido refrigerante Italiano: C: Albero a gomiti E: Albero a camme delle valvole di scarico I: Albero a camme delle valvole di aspirazione P: Pistone R: Biella S: Candela di accensione V: Valvola a fungo. Rossa:Valvola di scarico, Blu: Valvola di aspirazione W: Condotti del liquido di raffreddamento Magyar: C: Főtengely E: Kipufogó szelep forgattyús tengely I: Befecskendező szelep forgattyús tengely P: Dugattyú R: Hajtókar S: Gyújtógyertya V: Szelepek. Piros: kipufogó, Kék: Befecskendező W: Hűtőfolyadék Svenska: C: Vevaxel E: Kamaxel för avgasventiler I: Kamaxel för inloppsventiler P: Kolv R: Kolvstake S: Tändstift V: Ventiler. Röd: avgas-, Blå: inlopps- W: Kylvattenkanaler Română: C: Arbore cotit E: Arbore cu came - evacuare I: Arbore cu came - admisie P: Piston R: Bielă S: Bujie V: Supape, roşu; evacuare, albastru; admisie W: Cămaşi de răcire 中文: 四行程DOHC引擎剖面圖 C: 曲軸 E: 排氣凸輪軸 I: 進氣凸輪軸 P: 活塞 R: 連桿 S: 火星塞 V: 紅色: 進氣閥; 藍色: 排氣閥 W: 冷卻水通道 Íslenska: C: Sveifarás E: Kambás fyrir útblástur I: Kambás fyrir inntak P: Stimpill R: Stimpilstöng S: Rafkerti V: Ventlar. Rauður: útblástur, Blár: inntak W: Vatnsrásir fyrir kælivatn Kurdî: C-کامشەفت- crankshaft E- کامشەفتی چونەدەر – exhaust camshaft I-کامشەفتی چونەناو– inlet camshaft P-پستن– piston R-قۆڵەبەگن– connecting rod S-سپارک پلاک– spark plug V-دەمەوانەکان(سور:چونەدەر. شین:چونەناو)– valves. red: exhaust, blue: intake W-چاکەتی ئاوی ساردکەرەوە – cooling water jacket
context_page_description: An internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful work.
  The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1860 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1876 by Nicolaus Otto.
  The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described.
context_section_description: An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful work.
  The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was created by Étienne Lenoir around 1860 and the first modern internal combustion engine was created in 1876 by Nicolaus Otto (see Otto engine).
  The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: gas turbines, jet engines and most rocket engines, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described. Firearms are also a form of internal combustion engine.
  In contrast, in external combustion engines, such as steam or Stirling engines, energy is delivered to a working fluid not consisting of, mixed with, or contaminated by combustion products. Working fluids can be air, hot water, pressurized water or even liquid sodium, heated in a boiler. ICEs are usually powered by energy-dense fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, liquids derived from fossil fuels. While there are many stationary applications, most ICEs are used in mobile applications and are the dominant power supply for vehicles such as cars, aircraft, and boats, known as internal-combustion-engine vehicles (ICEV).
  Typically an ICE is fed with fossil fuels like natural gas or petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil. There is a growing usage of renewable fuels like biodiesel for CI (compression ignition) engines and bioethanol or methanol for SI (spark ignition) engines. Hydrogen is sometimes used, and can be obtained from either fossil fuels or renewable energy.
caption: Diagram of a cylinder as found in 4-stroke gasoline engines.:
  C – crankshaft.
  E – exhaust camshaft.
  I – inlet camshaft.
  P – piston.
  R – connecting rod.
  S – spark plug.
  V – valves. red: exhaust, blue: intake.
  W – cooling water jacket.
  gray structure – engine block.
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