page_title: Lampyris noctiluca
section_title: Lifecycle
hierarchical_section_title: Lampyris noctiluca / Lifecycle
caption_attribution_description: English: Female and two male glow worms (Lampyris noctiluca) mating. An original set of pictures and video is here https://youtu.be/cyZ9X81UlLc . Eesti: Jaanimardikad (Lampyris noctiluca). Emane ja 2 isast jaanimardikat teevad sugu.
context_page_description: Lampyris noctiluca, the common glow-worm of Europe, is the type species of beetle in the genus Lampyris and the family Lampyridae.
  Lampyris noctiluca presents a conspicuous sexual dimorphism. The males are winged, with brown elytra, a clearer pronotum and a large brown spot in the middle, while females are larviforme, wings are missing and they are often twice the size of the males.
  These beetles use their bioluminescence to attract mates. The adult females are mostly famed for their glow, although all stages of their life cycle are capable of glowing.
  In Britain, this species is fairly common compared to its cousin Phosphaenus hemipterus – the lesser glow worm – which is very rare.
context_section_description: Once the females have attracted the males with their glow, they mate, lay eggs, and die.
  Typically, 50–100 are laid over three days, with the adult not surviving to see them hatch.  They are laid in fairly moist places, e.g. stem of grass or under moss.
  The eggs are pale yellow, 1 mm across. They may glow faintly yellow and take between 27 and 45 days to hatch depending on the weather (colder=longer).
  The eggs hatch after two or three weeks.  Larvae and adult females look similar, but larvae have bright spots on each of 12 segments, whereas adult females have a completely black back.
  The predatory larvae feed for two or three years on slugs and snails which they inject with a brown, toxic, digestive fluid, delivered by a series of nips and bites. The poison takes a while to work, and the larva has to be careful not to become stuck to any protective mucus that its prey may secrete. The prey is gradually paralysed and the digestive fluid turns part of it into a brown broth that the larva can lap up. The prey remains alive, and some partially eaten victims have been known to crawl away after the meal.
  The slugs and snails are often 200 times the weight of the beetle larva. The larvae are nocturnal, and are most active during moist conditions, when their prey are most active.
  The larvae may moult four to five times in their lifetimes. They spend their winters under logs, stones, wood holes, or leaf litter, their bodies drawn in like concertinas, hibernating as their food source becomes increasingly hard to find.  They wake up in spring, and the cycle is repeated for one more year, or possibly two.
  They become adults from May to July or sometimes later, surviving on food reserves built up during time as a larva, and dying after reproducing.
caption: Female and two male glow worms mating.
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