page_title: Electrophilic aromatic directing groups
section_title: Alkylammonium and trifluoromethyl group
hierarchical_section_title: Electrophilic aromatic directing groups / Different groups effects on benzene / Alkylammonium and trifluoromethyl group
caption_attribution_description: English: These group contains formal or partial positive charge. Hence they are deactivatiors and m- directors
context_page_description: In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, existing substituent groups on the aromatic ring influence the overall reaction rate or have a directing effect on positional isomer of the products that are formed. An electron donating group or electron releasing group is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance or inductive effects —called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic. As a result of these electronic effects, an aromatic ring to which such a group is attached is more likely to participate in electrophilic substitution reaction. EDGs are therefore often known as activating groups, though steric effects can interfere with the reaction.
  An electron withdrawing group will have the opposite effect on the nucleophilicity of the ring. The EWG removes electron density from a π system, making it less reactive in this type of reaction, and therefore called deactivating groups.
  EDGs and EWGs also determine the positions on the aromatic ring where substitution reactions are most likely to take place; this property is therefore important in processes of organic synthesis.
context_section_description: These groups have a strong electron-withdrawing inductive effect (-I) either by virtue of their positive charge or because of the powerfully electronegativity of the halogens. There is no resonance effect because there are no orbitals or electron pairs which can overlap with those of the ring. The inductive effect acts like that for the carboxylate anion but in the opposite direction (i.e. it produces small positive charges on the ortho and para positions but not on the meta position and it destabilises the Wheland intermediate.) Hence these groups are deactivating and meta directing:
caption: They have formal or partial positive charges, which deactivates the ring.
exif: {}