page_title: José María Hinojosa Lasarte
section_title: Reception and legacy
hierarchical_section_title: José María Hinojosa Lasarte / Reception and legacy
caption_attribution_description: Español: Cementerio San Rafael Málaga
context_page_description: José María Hinojosa Lasarte was a Spanish writer and political militant. As a man of letters he is considered one of the first if not the very first and the only genuinely surrealist poet in Spain, counted also among members of Generation ‘27. As a politician he acted in ultra-conservative realm, holding Carlist jefatura in Málaga and building Andalusian structures of the Agrarian party. Following more than half a century of oblivion, his memory and especially the circumstances of his death became a counter-reference to these of Lorca and are subject to politically-charged discussions.
context_section_description: Hinojosa's writings went unnoticed, save for a limited avant-garde audience. Critics remained mostly indifferent; only few noted "excessive originality". A handful of reviews following the 1928 volumes denigrated the author; some dubbed his poetry "entelequia", others ridiculed "señorito andaluz" and noted that "having two cars does not allow too much". Following his death his works were almost completely forgotten, as to both sides of the war he was an "inconvenient dead". For the Republicans his life and death made a dangerously symmetrical parallelism to those of Lorca and might have harmed the exaltation of Lorca's fate as anti-Francoist cause célèbre. Hinojosa was denied surrealist credentials and patronized; his former companions like Alberti floated stories of a greedy bourgeoisie landowner killed by his own peasants and some denied knowing him. For the Nationalists, who consistently denied the existence of Spanish surrealism, his iconoclastic poetry made him ineligible for a martyr. The exiled and Spain-based historians of literature alike either ignored Hinojosa or relegated him to footnotes, though very sporadically some poems appeared in anthologies and his name was mentioned in the press a few times.
  In 1974 Hinojosa's cousin Baltasar Peña took advantage of his position in the Diputación de Málaga to finance a re-edition of selected works; some press notes followed up noting a "deformación" of contemporary literature yet others insisted not to "desorbitar la importancia". In 1977 Julio Neira launched a campaign to revindicate Hinojosa, crowned with a 1981 PhD dissertation; a 1983 re-edition of 2 volumes of Litoral contributed to the process. In the 1980s Hinojosa was gradually making his way into encyclopedias, periodicals, textbooks etc. and 1995 brought another PhD thesis. Since then his presence in history of literature is considered obligatory, based mostly on his presumed status of the first Spanish surrealist; However, in some cases he is denied membership in Generación del 27. In 1998 he was declared hijo predilecto by Málaga province, the 2004 birth centenary produced several publications and events, and a 2012 study (instead of the typical "forgotten poet") referred already to "a well-known Spanish poet". In 2014 he was dedicated a literary work. A Málaga school has been named after him.
  Hinojosa's memory remains politically charged. Some tackle the Hinojosa-Lorca parallelism declaring upfront that both were victims of "irrational hatred" produced by an "absurd war", yet among countless books discussing the civil war terror, almost all mention Lorca and almost none mention Hinojosa. Both right-wing and left-wing groups started to claim his legacy. Some Traditionalist sites honor him as "their man". Certain progressivist authors present him as a martyr who dedicated his life to fighting imperialism, nationalism and the church; others imply his homosexuality. The Málaga San Rafael cemetery, where Hinojosa was executed, was doted in 2014 with a monument-mausoleum to honor "those who gave their life in defense of freedom and democracy and whose remains rest here or in other sites". Hinojosa has never been mentioned in a spate of press notes related, some of which noted a construction recording "la barbarie de la represión franquista".
caption: San Rafael, monument to those who died for freedom and democracy
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