page_title: Husayn ibn Ali
section_title: Commemoration
hierarchical_section_title: Husayn ibn Ali / Commemoration
caption_attribution_description: العربية: يقيم شيعة إيران مراسيم عزاء في شهر محرم من كل عام في كافة المدن والقرى. رغم أن كل هذه الطقوس تشترك من حيث المبداء ألا وهو تخليد ذكرى مقتل الحسين بن علي وأصحابه في كربلاء لكن نظرا لإختلاف وتنوع الثقافات ما بين سكان المناطق المدنية والريفية المختلفة ونظرا لتعدد الأقوام الإيرانية، تقام هذه الطقوس بأنماط وأشكال مختلفة. English: Mourning of Muharram is held in majority of cities and villages in Iran by Shia Muslims annually. Although all sort of ceremonies are performed for Imam Hossein and his followers martyrdom remembrance, they have different styles and rules referring to various cultures. فارسی: شیعیان ایران هرساله اقدام به برگزاری آئین عزاداری محرم در شهرها و روستاهای ایران می‌نمایند. با وجود ماهیت مشترک همه آنها که یادبود کشته شدن حسین بن علی و همراهانش در کربلا می‌باشد، به موجب گوناگونی فرهنگی در میان اهالی شهرها و روستاهای ایران و همچنین اقوام مختلف ایرانی، این مراسم با شیوه‌ها و آداب و رسوم مختلفی برگزار می‌شود.
context_page_description: Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He is an important figure in Islam as he was a member of the Household of Muhammad and the People of the Cloak, as well as the third Shia Imam.
  Prior to his death, the Umayyad ruler Mu'awiya appointed his son Yazid as his successor, contrary to the Hasan-Muawiya treaty. When Muawiya died in 680, Yazid demanded that Husayn pledge allegiance to him. Husayn refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid, even though it meant sacrificing his life. As a consequence, he left Medina, his hometown, to take refuge in Mecca in AH 60. There, the people of Kufa sent letters to him, asking his help and pledging their allegiance to him. So he traveled towards Kufa, after getting some favorable indications along with a small caravan of his relatives and followers but near Karbala his caravan was intercepted by Yazid's army. He was killed and beheaded in the Battle of Karbala on 10 October 680 by Yazid, along with most of his family and companions, including Husayn's six-month old son, Ali al-Asghar, with the women and children taken as prisoners.
context_section_description: Shi'as mourn during Muharram to pay respect to Husayn whose sacrifices kept true Islam alive and to show their allegiance and love for Imamate. Many Christians and Sunnis also join them.
  Ashura is commemorated by the Shi'i community as a day of mourning Husayn's death. The commemoration of Husayn has become a national holiday and different ethnic and religious communities participate in it. Husayn's grave became the most visited place of ziyarat for Shi'as. A pilgrimage to Husayn's shrine in Karbala is said to have the merit of a thousand pilgrimages to Mecca, of a thousand martyrdoms, and of a thousand days fasting. Shi'a have an important book about Husayn which is called Ziyarat Ashura. Most of them believe that it is a hadith qudsi (the word of God). The Imam Husayn Shrine was later built over his grave in Karbala. In 850, the Abassid Caliph al-Mutawakkil destroyed his shrine in order to stop Shi'i pilgrimages. However, pilgrimages continued.
caption: Mourning of Muharram in cities and villages of Iran
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