page_title: Operation Crusader (video game)
section_title: Development
hierarchical_section_title: Operation Crusader (video game) / Development
caption_attribution_description: English: Matilda tanks on the move outside the perimeter of Tobruk, Libya, 18 November 1941. Matilda tanks on the move outside the perimeter of Tobruk, 18 November 1941.
context_page_description: Operation Crusader is a 1994 computer wargame developed by Atomic Games and published by Avalon Hill.
  Operation Crusader was among the first titles released in Avalon Hill's push to revive its computer game division during the 1990s, in an attempt to diversify its business because of falling board wargame sales. The company hired Atomic Games as a key to this initiative, and Crusader acted as the spiritual success to its earlier V for Victory (video game) wargame series, reusing and updating much of the game design and code from those titles.
context_section_description: Starting with the hire of producer Jim Rose in December 1992, Avalon Hill began an effort to revive its computer game branch in response to flagging board wargame sales during the 1990s. Rose signed developer Atomic Games in 1993 as a key part of this initiative. The Atomic team was known for the V for Victory series with Three-Sixty Pacific, but had recently left that publisher, after a period of financial problems that culminated in a lawsuit for unpaid royalties. While Avalon contracted Atomic primarily to create a computer version of Advanced Squad Leader, Alan Emrich of Computer Gaming World reported rumors in 1993 that "Avalon Hill will [also] be publishing a second game from Atomic" centered on the North African Campaign. He speculated that this was "what would be the next V for Victory game in an Avalon Hill wrapper". By January 1994, Atomic Games had revealed the World at War series as the successor to its V for Victory line under Avalon, and its first entry was entitled Operation Crusader.
  Alongside Kingmaker, Operation Crusader was one of the first two titles released as part of Avalon Hill's new initiative.  The computer game division had previously been known for low-quality titles, a problem that Avalon Hill's Don Greenwood blamed on his and the company's "hubris" and favoritism toward board products. Ross Hetrick of the Baltimore Sun reported that the company's first venture ran from 1983 to 1986, and ended "when its games began to lag those of competitors." For Operation Crusader, Zabalaoui noted that Avalon Hill's president had informed him that " 'good' isn't good enough". 
  Atomic and Avalon Hill experienced creative friction during the development of Operation Crusader.Computer Gaming World columnist Alan Emrich wrote in 1995, "To say there was no love lost between [...] Jim Rose and Atomic's Keith Zabalaoui would be a gracious understatement." However, the magazine's Terry Coleman noted that the "tensions" between the companies' design philosophies "worked positively" on Operation Crusader.
  Operation Crusader was released in 1994, between April and June.
caption: Operation Crusader was designed to simulate the historical World War II military operation of the same name (pictured in November 1941).
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