page_title: Culture of the United Kingdom
section_title: Superstitions
hierarchical_section_title: Culture of the United Kingdom / Folklore / Superstitions
caption_attribution_description: English: Jubilee and Munin, Ravens of the Tower of London. Jubilee was hatched in Somerset in 2012 and wears a gold band. He was given to the Queen on her Diamond Jubilee. Munin was hatched in North Uist in 1995 and wears a light green band. She is the oldest raven at the tower. Identification confirmed with Chris Skaife, Ravenmaster at the Tower. (Sources: [1], [2], [3]) Español: Jubilee y Munin, cuervos de la Torre de Londres. Jubilee nació en Somerset en 2012 y lleva una anilla dorada. Fue regalado a la Reina en su Jubileo de Diamante. Munin nació en North Uist en 1995 y lleva una anilla verde claro. Ella es el cuervo de más edad de la torre. Identificación confirmada por Chris Skaife, Ravenmaster de la Torre. Deutsch: Jubilee und Munin, zwei der Tower-Raben. Jubilee ist 2012 in Somerset geschlüpft und trägt einen goldenen Ring. Er wurde der Queen zu ihrem Diamantenen Thronjubiläum überreicht. Munin ist 1995 in North Uise geschlüpft und trägt einen hellgrünen Ring. Sie ist der älteste Rabe im Tower. Die Identifikation der Raben wurde von Chris Skaife, dem Ravenmaster („Rabenmeister“), bestätigt. Français&#160;: Jubilee et Munin, corbeaux de la Tour de Londres. Jubilee a éclos dans le Somerset en 2012, et porte une bague dorée. Il fut offert à la Reine lors de son jubilé de diamant. Munin a éclos à North Uist en 1995, et porte une bague verte. Elle est le plus vieux corbeau de la Tour. L'identification a été confirmée par Chris Skaife, le gardien des corbeaux de la Tour. Polski: Jubilee i&#160;Munin, kruki z&#160;Tower of&#160;London. Jubilee, który wykluł się w&#160;Somerset w&#160;2012 roku nosi złotą obrączkę. W&#160;tym samym roku został podarowany królowej Elżbiecie&#160;II na&#160;jej diamentowy jubileusz. Natomiast Munin, która wykluła się w&#160;North Uist w&#160;1995 roku nosi jasnozieloną obrączę. Jest najstarszym krukiem w&#160;Tower. Identyfikacja ptaków została potwierdzona przez Chrisa Skaife, opiekuna kruków w&#160;Tower (ang. Ravenmaster at the Tower). Русский: Джубили и Мунин, два Тауэрских ворона из лондонской королевской крепости Тауэр Türkçe: Jubilee, 2012'de Somerset'te yumurtadan çıktı ve pençesinde altın bir tasma var. Elmas Jübilesi'nde Kraliçe'ye verildi. Munin ise 1995'te Kuzey Uist'te yumurtadan çıktı ve pençesinde açık yeşil bir tasma var. Munin, kuledeki en yaşlı kuzgundur. Українська: Джубілі і Мунін, два Тауерських круки Лондона, їх відрізняли за оранжевим і світло зеленим кільцем на лапці. 2016 рік.
context_page_description: British culture is influenced by the combined nations' history; its historically Christian religious life, its interaction with the cultures of Europe, the traditions of England, Wales and Scotland, and the impact of the British Empire. Although British culture is a distinct entity, the individual cultures of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness.
  British literature is particularly esteemed. The novel was invented in Britain, and playwrights, poets, and authors are among its most prominent cultural figures. Britain has also made notable contributions to music, cinema, art, architecture and television. The UK is also the home of the Church of England, the state church and mother church of the Anglican Communion, the third-largest Christian denomination. Britain contains some of the world's oldest universities, has made many contributions to philosophy, science and technology, and is the birthplace of many prominent scientists and inventions. The Industrial Revolution began in the UK and had a profound effect on the family socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world.
context_section_description: The Gremlin is part of Royal Air Force folklore dating from the 1920s, with "gremlin" being RAF slang for a mischievous creature that sabotages aircraft, meddling in the plane's equipment. Legendary figures from 19th-century London whose tales have been romanticised include Sweeney Todd, the murderous barber of Fleet Street (accompanied with Mrs. Lovett who sells pies made from Todd's victims), and serial killer Jack the Ripper. On 5 November, people in England make bonfires, set off fireworks and eat toffee apples in commemoration of the foiling of Guy Fawkes' Gunpowder Plot, which became an annual event after the Thanksgiving Act of 1606 was passed. Guy Fawkes masks are an emblem for anti-establishment protest groups.
caption: Two of the current Ravens of the Tower of London. The ravens' presence is traditionally believed to protect the Crown and the tower; a superstition holds that "if the Tower of London ravens are lost or fly away, the Crown will fall and Britain with it".[118]
exif: {"Image Make": "SONY", "Image Model": "ILCA-77M2", "Image XResolution": "240", "Image YResolution": "240", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.5.1 (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2016:05:07 19:40:05", "Image Artist": "User:Colin", "Image Copyright": "User:Colin", "Image ExifOffset": "264", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 2, 0, 0]", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[51, 76283/2500, 0]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "W", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[0, 9003/2000, 0]", "GPS GPSAltitude": "31673/2500", "Image GPSInfo": "912", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1140", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "18237", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/320", "EXIF FNumber": "71/10", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Aperture Priority", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF RecommendedExposureIndex": "100", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2016:04:30 11:43:45", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2016:04:30 11:43:45", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "1040241/125000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "2827819/500000", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "5871/640", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "95/32", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "35", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "882", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "83662979/32768", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "83662979/32768", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "3", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "52", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[16, 50, 14/5, 14/5]", "EXIF LensModel": "DT 16-50mm F2.8 SSM"}