page_title: Komi alphabets
section_title: Writing after 1932
hierarchical_section_title: Komi alphabets / Writing after 1932
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Латинизированный коми алфавит
context_page_description: The Komi language, a Uralic language spoken in the north-eastern part of European Russia, has been written in several different alphabets. Currently, Komi writing uses letters from the Cyrillic script. There have been five distinct stages n the history of Komi writing:
  14th to 17th centuries — Anbur, the original graphic system;
  18th century to 1918 — based on the early Cyrillic alphabet;
  1918 to 1932 and 1936 to 1938 — Vasily Molodtsov’s alphabet based on the modified Cyrillic alphabet;
  1932 to 1936 — Latinization of the alphabet;
  since 1938 — modern script based on the Cyrillic alphabet.
  The Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak sub-languages have used the same writing throughout almost all of their written history.
context_section_description: Back in 1924, Professor A.N. Gren proposed translating the Komi script on a Latinized basis.  According to his design, the alphabet should include the following letters: A a, B b, D d, Dj dj, E e, G g, Zs zs, Dzs dzs, I i, J j, K k, L l, Lj lj,  M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Sj sj, Sch sch, Cs cs, Csj csj, T t, Tj tj, U u, V v, Y y  , Z z, Zj zj, Dz dz.  At that time, few supported Gren, but at that time an active process of the Latinization of writing began in the USSR, and soon this question was raised again. In 1929, at the Komi Linguistic Conference of Glavnauki, a resolution was adopted on the need to switch to the Latinized alphabet, using the experience of Latinizing the Turkic scripts of the peoples of the USSR. In September 1930, the Bureau of the Komi Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (Bolsheviks) formally decided to translate the Komi script into Latin. The alphabet itself was approved in November 1931, after which the transfer of paperwork, education and publishing to a new script began. This process was generally completed in 1934.
  The Latin Komi alphabet essentially became a transliteration of the youthful alphabet — it retained strict phonemicity, the designation of soft consonants by adding a “tail” to the letter, and special signs for affricates. Thus, both the advantages and disadvantages of the previous letter were preserved.
  The change in the political situation in the USSR in the mid-1930s led to the abandonment of the Latinized Komi alphabet — the country began the process of cyrillization. Regarding the writing of Komi, this resulted in a rejection of the Latin alphabet in 1936. Instead, Molodtsov’s alphabet was restored, but in 1938 it was replaced by a new version of the Cyrillic alphabet, much more similar to the Russian script.
  For the Komi-Permyak language in May 1937, the district alphabetical commission approved the alphabet containing all 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and additional signs Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӧ ӧ, Ӹ ӹ (the author of the project is V.I.Yakimov). In July 1937, this version of the alphabet was discussed at the Leningrad branch of the Institute of Language and Writing, where it underwent some changes — Ә ә, Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, І і, Ӵ ӵ became additional signs to the 33 letters of the Russian letter. However, a few days later the Central Institute of Language and Writing in Moscow recommended replacing the signs Җ җ, Ҙ ҙ, Ӵ ӵ with digraphs дж, дз, тш. In the final version of the alphabet, the sign Ә ә was replaced by Ӧ ӧ.
caption: Latinized Komi alphabet[~ 1][5]
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