page_title: Walhalla (memorial)
section_title: Lower Row
hierarchical_section_title: Walhalla (memorial) / List of people / Busts / Lower Row
caption_attribution_description: Busts from the Walhalla Memorial: (top from left) Albrecht von Haller (Schadow), Anton Raphael Mengs (Rauch), Maria Theresa (Eberhard); (bottom) Sophie Scholl (Eckert).
context_page_description: The Walhalla is a hall of fame that honours laudable and distinguished people in German history – "politicians, sovereigns, scientists and artists of the German tongue"; thus the celebrities honoured are drawn from Greater Germany, a wider area than today's Germany, and even as far away as Britain in the case of several Anglo-Saxons who are honoured. The hall is a neo-classical building above the Danube River, in Donaustauf, east of Regensburg in Bavaria.
  The Walhalla is named for the Valhalla of Norse Paganism. It was conceived in 1807 by Crown Prince Ludwig in order to support the gathering momentum for the unification of the many German states. Following his accession to the throne of Bavaria, construction took place between 1830 and 1842 under the supervision of the architect Leo von Klenze. The memorial displays some 65 plaques and 130 busts covering 2,000 years of history, beginning with Arminius, victor at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9.
context_section_description: Busts to the left of the statue of Ludwig I
  4. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781) – poet  (Tieck, 1813)
  5. Frederick II of Prussia – Frederick the Great (Schadow, 1807)
  10. Christoph Willibald Gluck – composer (Dannecker, 1812)
  11. Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon (1716–1790) – Austrian field marshal from Livonia (Kiesling, 1813)
  12. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart –  composer (Schwanthaler, 1846)
  13. Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg – Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (Schadow, 1808)
  14. Justus Möser (1720–1794) – jurist and historian (Schmidt von der Launitz, 1821)
  19. Gottfried August Bürger – poet (Tieck, 1817)
  20. Catherine II of Russia (1729–1796) – the Great, Tsarina of Russia  (Wredow, 1831)
  21. Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock –  poet (Schadow, 1808)
  22. Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse – poet and scholar (Haller / Mayer, 1826)
  23. Johann Gottfried Herder –  poet and philosopher (Tieck, 1815)
  30. Immanuel Kant –   philosopher  (Schadow, 1808)
  31. Friedrich von Schiller –  poet (Dannecker, 1794)
  32. Joseph Haydn – composer (Robatz, 1810)
  33. Johannes von Müller – Swiss historian (Schadow, 1808)
  34. Christoph Martin Wieland – poet (Schadow, 1807)
  42. Gerhard von Scharnhorst – Prussian general (Rauch, 1830)
  43. Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly – Russian Field Marshal (Widnmann, 1841)
  44. Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher – Prussian Generalfeldmarschall  (Rauch, 1817)
  45. Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg – Austrian field marshal  (Schaller, 1821)
  46. Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel –   astronomer   (Eberhard, 1816)
  53. Hans Karl von Diebitsch – Russian field marshal, born in Silesia
  54. Karl vom und zum Stein – Prussian politician (1825)
  55. August Graf Neidhardt von Gneisenau – Prussian field marshal (1842)
  56. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe – poet and polymath (1808)
  57. Martin Luther (1848) – Leader of the Reformation, translator of the Bible into German
  62. Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1853)
  63. Josef Wenzel Graf Radetzky von Radetz  – Bohemian military leader (1858)
  64. Friedrich Schelling  – German philosopher (1860)
  65. Ludwig van Beethoven –   composer  (Lossow 1866)
  66. Wilhelm I – German Emperor (1898)
  68. Statue of Ludwig I of Bavaria (1890)
  Busts to the right of the statue of Ludwig I
  74. Otto von Bismarck (1908) – Chancellor of North German Confederation and then of the German Empire
  75. Helmuth Graf von Moltke (1910) – German Generalfeldmarschall
  76. Richard Wagner (1913) – German composer of operas
  77. Johann Sebastian Bach (1916) – composer
  78. Justus von Liebig – German chemist (1925)
  83. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1928)
  84. Franz Peter Schubert (1925) – Austrian Romantic composer
  85. Joseph Görres (1931)
  86. Anton Bruckner (1937) – Austrian composer
  87. Max Reger (1948) – German composer and organist of the late romantic period
  94. Adalbert Stifter (1954)
  95. Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (1957)
  96. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1959) – German physicist
  97. Max von Pettenkofer –  chemist and hygienist  (1962)
  98. Jakob Fugger (1967)
  106. Jean Paul (1973)
  107. Richard Strauss (1973) – German composer
  108. Carl Maria von Weber (1978) – German composer
  109. Gregor Joh. Mendel (1983) – Silesian Augustinian monk and naturalist
  110. Albert Einstein (1990) – physicist
  117. Karolina Gerhardinger (1998) – founder of the School Sisters of Notre Dame
  118. Konrad Adenauer (1999) – first Chancellor of West Germany
  119. Johannes Brahms (2000) – Composer
  120.	Carl Friedrich Gauss (2007) – mathematician, astronomer, and physicist
  121. Edith Stein (2009) – philosopher and saint
  126.	Heinrich Heine (2010) – German Romantic poet
  130.	Sophie Scholl (2003) – German passive resistance activist against the Nazi regime.
caption: Marble busts No. 125-128, Sophie Scholl in the bottom center
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