page_title: Mariology of the popes
section_title: New Marian feasts
hierarchical_section_title: Mariology of the popes / 20th century / Pius XII / New Marian feasts
caption_attribution_description: English: Coronation of the en:Salus Populi Romani by Pope Pius XII in 1954 Español: Coronación de la Salus Populi Romani por Papa Pio XII en 1954
context_page_description: The Mariology of the popes is the theological study of the influence that the popes have had on the development, formulation and transformation of the Roman Catholic Church’s doctrines and devotions relating to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
  The development of Mariology over the centuries has been influenced by many factors, among which papal directives have often represented key milestones. Examples of papal influences include new Marian feast days, prayers, acceptance of new Marian congregations, indulgences, support for Marian apparitions and declaration of Marian dogmas.
  "The century preceding the Second Vatican Council was arguably the most fertile era for Catholic Marian studies." A number of popes have made Marian themes a key part of their papacy, e.g. Leo XIII issued a record eleven encyclicals on the rosary, Pius XII invoked the first case of ex cathedra papal infallibility to establish a Marian dogma and John Paul II built his coat of arms around the Marian Cross.
context_section_description: Pope Pius XII instituted the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1944 to be celebrated on 22 August, coinciding with the traditional octave day of the Assumption. (In 1969, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Immaculate Heart of Mary to the Saturday immediately after the Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.)
  In the October 11, 1954, encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam, he introduced a new Marian feast, the Queenship of Mary. 
  In several encyclicals and apostolic letters to the people of Poland and other countries behind the Iron curtain, he expresses certainty that the Blessed Virgin Mary will triumph over her enemies.
  Assumed into heaven, so Pope Pius, "Mary is with Jesus Christ, her divine son. Mary should be called Queen, not only because of her Divine Motherhood of Jesus Christ, [her only son,] but also because God has willed her to have an exceptional role in the work of our eternal salvation." The encyclical argues, that Christ, because He redeemed us, is our Lord and king by a special title, so the Blessed Virgin also (is our queen), on account of the unique manner in which she assisted in our redemption, by giving of her own substance, by freely offering Him for us, by her singular desire and petition for, and active interest in, our salvation."
  At the same time as he closely associated the celebrations of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Queenship of Mary from 31 May to 22 August, bringing it into association with the feast of her Assumption.
caption: Coronation of the Salus Populi Romani icon in Rome by Pope Pius XII in 1954, in association with his announcement of new Marian feast for the Queenship of Mary.
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