page_title: Morocco–Netherlands relations
section_title: Islamic studies
hierarchical_section_title: Morocco–Netherlands relations / Islamic studies
caption_attribution_description: English: Dutch_bombard_made_in_Amsterdam_1771_installed_in_Essaouira_Morocco.
context_page_description: Morocco–Netherlands relations span a period from the 16th century to the present.
context_section_description: Religious discussions also occurred. The early embassy of Hammu ben Bashi in late-1609 early-1610, led to the redaction of a polemical pamphlet about Christology entitled Inquisitio et responsio quae fuit inter Mahumetitsam et Christianum de Mesia ad intelligendum an ille sit filius Dei nec ne ("Investigation and its response, which has come about between a Muhammedan and a Christian in order to understand whether or not the Messiah is he son of God").
  One of the ambassadors, Yusuf Biscaino, met with Prince Maurice of Nassau who inquired to him about Islamic opinions on Jesus. He preferred not to answer on the spot, but later sent a letter to Maurice. After returning to Marakesh, Yusuf Biscaino sent the letter in Latin to Maurice in 1611, relying as a source on the work of Muhammad Alguazir.
  One of the effects of these exchanges was the remarkable development of Arabic and Islamic studies in the Netherlands, exemplified by the work of Thomas Erpenius. Thomas Epernius was able to advance his knowledge of Arabic through direct exchanges with Moroccan envoys, such as Al-Hajari. Al-Hajara had used the Treaty of Friendship in order to visit the Netherlands freely after a sojourn in France. Thomas Epernius became professor of Oriental Languages at Leiden University in 1613.
caption: Dutch bombard made in Amsterdam in 1771, installed in Essaouira, Morocco.
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