page_title: Transport
section_title: Planning
hierarchical_section_title: Transport / Impact / Planning
caption_attribution_description: The Old Market Roundabout in Bristol, England, photographed from a tethered passenger balloon at 500 feet. Note that although the picture caption in the article calls this a Traffic Circle, in Bristol (and the rest of England as far as I know) they are called Roundabouts. Points of interest: It is illegal for vehicles to stop on the yellow hatched areas. All entrances to this roundabout have traffic lights. A road passes beneath the roundabout (with the red motorcycle on it). The centre part has gardens. To help pedestrians cross this roundabout, there is a bridge in the middle, and subways. The image shows not provision here for people who use a bicycle. At bottom left is the tall block of the Marriott Hotel.
context_page_description: Transport, or transportation, is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. In other words, the action of transport is defined as a particular movement of an organism or thing from a point A to a point B. Modes of transport include air, land, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transport enables trade between people, which is essential for the development of civilizations.
  Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.
  Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, helicopters, watercraft, spacecraft and aircraft.
  Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose, including financing, legalities, and policies.
context_section_description: Transport planning allows for high utilization and less impact regarding new infrastructure. Using models of transport forecasting, planners are able to predict future transport patterns. On the operative level, logistics allows owners of cargo to plan transport as part of the supply chain. Transport as a field is also studied through transport economics, a component for the creation of regulation policy by authorities. Transport engineering, a sub-discipline of civil engineering, must take into account trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice and route assignment, while the operative level is handled through traffic engineering.
  Because of the negative impacts incurred, transport often becomes the subject of controversy related to choice of mode, as well as increased capacity. Automotive transport can be seen as a tragedy of the commons, where the flexibility and comfort for the individual deteriorate the natural and urban environment for all. Density of development depends on mode of transport, with public transport allowing for better spatial utilization. Good land use keeps common activities close to people's homes and places higher-density development closer to transport lines and hubs, to minimize the need for transport. There are economies of agglomeration. Beyond transport, some land uses are more efficient when clustered. Transport facilities consume land, and in cities pavement (devoted to streets and parking) can easily exceed 20 percent of the total land use. An efficient transport system can reduce land waste.
  Too much infrastructure and too much smoothing for maximum vehicle throughput mean that in many cities there is too much traffic and many—if not all—of the negative impacts that come with it. It is only in recent years that traditional practices have started to be questioned in many places; as a result of new types of analysis which bring in a much broader range of skills than those traditionally relied on—spanning such areas as environmental impact analysis, public health, sociology and economics—the viability of the old mobility solutions is increasingly being questioned.
caption: The engineering of this roundabout in Bristol, United Kingdom, attempts to make traffic flow free-moving.
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