page_title: Sainte-Anne Hospital Center
section_title: Creation of the Sainte-Anne Hospital Center
hierarchical_section_title: Sainte-Anne Hospital Center / History / Creation of the Sainte-Anne Hospital Center
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: L'hôpital Sainte-Anne sur le plan de Jouvin de Rochefort, en 1672.
context_page_description: The Sainte-Anne Hospital Center is a hospital located in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, specializing in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, neuroimaging and addiction. With its creation dating to 1651, the organization remains, along with the Esquirol Hospital in Saint-Maurice, the symbol of psychiatric asylums in France.
context_section_description: The letters patent of the king confirming the transfer of the services from the hospital of the health of the faubourg Saint-Marcel to the Sainte-Anne hospital date to May 1651.  By the contract of July 7, 1651 between the governors of the Hôtel-Dieu and the founders of power of the Queen Regent Anne of Austria, the Hôtel-Dieu gave up the buildings and the grounds of the House of Health, the queen giving in exchange the 21 arpents (about 26.5 acres) of land chosen to establish the new hospital, which was to take the name of the patron saint of the mother of Louis XIV, Saint Anne.  This little-used establishment was transformed into a farm where the insane patients from the relatively nearby Bicêtre Hospice came to work.  The Sainte-Anne Farm was the site of important activity for several years because of the work and the initiatives of the patients.  In 1772, following a major fire at the Hôtel-Dieu (which had previously burned down in 1737 and 1742), a redevelopment of four major hospitals was planned in Paris (the Saint-Louis Hospital, the Sainte-Anne Hospital, the Hospitallers of Roquette and the Royal Abbey of Sainte-Périne de Chaillot).
  In 1788, following a decree of the Council of State, the architect Bernard Poyet became responsible for completely rebuilding the hospital.
  In 1863, Napoleon III decided to create a psychiatric hospital in Paris on the site of the Sainte-Anne Farm.  It was referred to as a "clinical asylum" because it was intended to be a place of mental illness treatment, research, and teaching.  Georges-Eugène Haussmann, prefect of the Seine Department, was in charge of this operation.  Previously prefect of the Yonne Department, he had some years prior built, in collaboration with Dr. Girard de Cailleux (whom he had brought to Paris), the departmental asylum of the Yonne, which served as a model for that of Paris.
  The "asylum" was inaugurated on January 1, 1867 and the first patient was admitted on May 1, 1867.  For many years Sainte-Anne fulfilled its role of protection of mental patients, using the weakly therapeutic treatment means of the time.  The asylum saw the development of important and profound medical research, which was often masked by the prejudices that clashed within the walls of the establishment.
  The asylum endowed itself with a dentistry department in 1892, outpatient consultations—made free of charge to reduce hospitalizations—and a central surgery pavilion for the surgical treatment of patients from asylums in the Seine Department.  This important building, which was highly modern at the time, had separate septic and aseptic rooms, hospital rooms, an obstetric section, and radiology, microphotography, and biology laboratories.
  In 1922, Édouard Toulouse created the center of mental prophylaxis, the first voluntary service, that is to say, in which the patients were not interned under the law of June 30, 1838.  In 1941 one of the first electroencephalographic laboratories in France was installed.  The department of pediatric bio-psychopathology, the function of which was to put at the disposal of maladjusted children and their families an original clinical and therapeutic approach that would bring together dual emotional and cognitive aspects, was created in 1947.
caption: The hospital on the plan of Jouvin de Rochefort [fr], in 1672
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