page_title: Tudor Revival architecture
section_title: Beginnings
hierarchical_section_title: Tudor Revival architecture / Beginnings
caption_attribution_description: English: Dalmeny House is a Tudor Gothic Revival mansion overlooking the Firth of Forth. It was designed by William Wilkins, and completed in 1817. It is the home of the Earl and Countess of Rosebery.
context_page_description: Tudor Revival architecture first manifested itself in domestic architecture in the United Kingdom in the latter half of the 19th century. Based on revival of aspects that were perceived as Tudor architecture, in reality it usually took the style of English vernacular architecture of the Middle Ages that had survived into the Tudor period. The style later became an influence elsewhere, especially the British colonies. For example, in New Zealand, the architect Francis Petre adapted the style for the local climate. In Singapore, then a British colony, architects such as R. A. J. Bidwell pioneered what became known as the Black and White House. The earliest examples of the style originate with the works of such eminent architects as Norman Shaw and George Devey, in what at the time was thought Neo-Tudor design.
  Tudorbethan is a subset of Tudor Revival architecture that eliminated some of the more complex aspects of Jacobethan in favor of more domestic styles of "Merrie England", which were cosier and quaint. It was associated with the Arts and Crafts movement.
context_section_description: As the last phase of English Gothic architecture, and the phase of the style that had the most secular survivals in 17th and 18th-century England, Tudor elements often appear in "Gothic Survival" buildings, notably those commissioned by Oxbridge colleges, both out of conservatism and a desire to fit in with older buildings around them. Christopher Wren's additions to the genuinely Tudor Tom Quad at Christ Church, Oxford, including Tom Tower (1681–82), are among the best-known examples.
  Tudor elements also often occur in the earliest stirrings of Gothic Revival architecture in the 18th and early 19th century, for example in the group of nine cottages at Blaise Hamlet, built around 1810–1811 to designs by John Nash.  Solidly built of stone, quite large, and intended for the retired employees of the Bristol banker who built them, they are remarkably forward-looking in their selective appropriation of Tudor elements such as fancy twisted brick chimmney stacks to make picturesque and comfortable middle-class homes in a version of English vernacular architecture.  Several have thatched roofs, some at two levels in a completely unnecessary but very picturesque way.  Nash published an illustrated book on the group; this was a formula with a future.  In contrast, Dalmeny House near Edinburgh, built in 1817 for Archibald Primrose, 4th Earl of Rosebery, is a large stately home in a revival of the early Tudor palace style, drawing in particular from East Barsham Manor in Norfolk, built c. 1520.
  At this time the style was known as "Old English", and considered especially appropriate for vicarages and rectories, partly because they were usually next to the church, which was likely to be Gothic.  Tudor style was "almost infinitely adaptable, particularly to low, spreading houses", and because the larger windows patrons wanted were easier to work into the style than into a "pointed" Gothic.  At this stage it was essentially a style for the country rather than houses in towns.  After about 1850 "Old English" came to mean a rather different style based on vernacular architecture, although some Tudor features such as tall brick chimneys often remained.
caption: Dalmeny House near Edinburgh, 1817, by William Wilkins
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