page_title: Enrico Caviglia
section_title: Between the wars
hierarchical_section_title: Enrico Caviglia / Between the wars
caption_attribution_description: English: Monument to Enrico Caviglia in Finale Ligure, Italy Deutsch: Denkmal für Enrico Caviglia in Finale Ligure, Italien
context_page_description: Enrico Caviglia KCB was a distinguished officer in the Italian Army. Victorious on the bloody battlefields of the Great War, he rose in time to the highest rank in his country, Marshal of Italy; he was also a Senator of the kingdom.
context_section_description: After the war, King George V of Great Britain invested him as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath; Enrico Caviglia was now a Sir. On 22 February 1919 he was appointed Senator for life, and later took part in Vittorio Emanuele Orlando's first government as Minister of War. When Gabriele D'Annunzio occupied Fiume with his "legionnaires", Caviglia was called to replace general Pietro Badoglio, dating from 21 December 1920, as troop commander and extraordinary commissioner in the Venezia Giulia. From 24 to 31 December 1920 he led the repression of D'Annunzio's movement, the so-called Natale di sangue (Bloody Christmas) in execution of the Treaty of Rapallo. This act was to charge Caviglia with grievous doubts to the end of his life, doubts he expressed in his personal diary. 
  On 25 June 1926, Enrico Caviglia was appointed Marshal of Italy (Maresciallo d'Italia).  This was the highest military rank in the Kingdom of Italy.  Four years later, he was made a Cavalier in the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata).  Caviglia thus became a 'cousin' of King Victor Emmanuel III.  Opposed to Benito Mussolini's policies and regime, he was overshadowed by other officers, less able on the battlefields but more prone to power and ideology.
caption: Monument to Generale Enrico Caviglia in Finale Ligure.
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