page_title: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
section_title: Second World War
hierarchical_section_title: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic / History / Second World War
caption_attribution_description: Photographie exposée par le musée de la ville de Tallinn dans les salles consacrées à l'histoire récente Le musée de la ville de Tallinn présente le passé et les grandes étapes du développement de la ville jusqu'à l’indépendance en 1991. En 1710, le territoire estonien devient une région de l'Empire russe. En 1920, à l'issue de la Première Guerre mondiale, qui a déclenché l'effondrement de l'Empire russe, l'Estonie acquiert, comme ses voisins baltes, son indépendance. En 1940, l'Union soviétique occupe l'Estonie (accord secret figurant dans le Pacte germano-soviétique de 1939) En 1941, l'Allemagne nazie envahit l'Estonie, à l'issue de sa déclaration de guerre à l'Union soviétique. En 1944, le pays est reconquis par l'Armée rouge et transformé en une République Socialiste intégrée à l'URSS. Une forte minorité russe s'installe pour fournir des bras aux nouvelles activités industrielles et militaires. L'éclatement de l'Union soviétique en 1991 permet à l'Estonie de retrouver son indépendance à l'issue d'un processus pacifique. Extrait de l'article de Wikipedia sur l'Estonie fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie _______________ Les pays baltes qui représentaient, pour le tsar Pierre le Grand, la "fenêtre sur l'Europe" ont été très convoités au cours des siècles. Polonais, russes, allemands, scandinaves y ont laissé des traces importantes à l'issue des guerres et des occupations de ces territoires. Les villes maritimes de ces pays sont fortement marquées par la ligue de la Hanse qui prit naissance en 1241, elles commerçaient avec les villes anglaises, russes, polonaises et scandinaves. Musée de la ville de Tallinn linnamuuseum.ee/linnamuuseum/en/
context_page_description: The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was a republic of the Soviet Union. The ESSR was initially established on the territory of the Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on 17 June 1940, and the installation of an illegitimate communist government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Estonia a Soviet constituency. The Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a Soviet Republic on 6 August 1940. The territory was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944 and administered as a part of Reichskommissariat Ostland.
  Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Estonia de jure and only recognized its Soviet government de facto or not at all. A number of countries continued to recognize Estonian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Estonia remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91.
  On 16 November 1988, the Estonian SSR became the first republic within the Soviet sphere of influence to declare state sovereignty from Moscow.
caption: Tallinn, 28 August 1941
exif: {"Image ImageDescription": "", "Image Make": "SONY", "Image Model": "DSC-HX200V", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "350", "Image YResolution": "350", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows", "Image DateTime": "2012:07:17 21:49:53", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image XPKeywords": "[68, 0, 97, 0, 108, 0, 98, 0, 101, 0, 114, 0, 97, 0, 59, 0, 69, 0, 115, 0, 116, 0, 111, 0, 110, 0, 105, 0, 101, 0, 0, 0]", "Image PrintIM": "[80, 114, 105, 110, 116, 73, 77, 0, 48, 51, 48, 48, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]", "Image Padding": "[]", "Image ExifOffset": "2428", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 3, 0, 0]", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[9, 47, 26757/1000]", "GPS GPSStatus": "V", "GPS GPSImgDirectionRef": "M", "GPS GPSImgDirection": "164", "GPS GPSMapDatum": "WGS-84", "GPS GPSDate": "2012:07:02", "GPS GPSDifferential": "0", "Image GPSInfo": "5160", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "5406", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "9002", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/40", "EXIF FNumber": "16/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Portrait Mode", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "500", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF RecommendedExposureIndex": "500", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2012:07:02 12:47:21", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2012:07:02 12:47:21", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "3", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "1341/640", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "215/64", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "13/2", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2901", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2481", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "5140", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Portrait", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[24/5, 144, 14/5, 28/5]", "EXIF Padding": "[]", "EXIF OffsetSchema": "4140"}