page_title: Nilotic peoples
section_title: Y DNA
hierarchical_section_title: Nilotic peoples / Genetics / Y DNA
caption_attribution_description: English: Original caption states, " Sudan: Disseminating the Peace — Sudan residents of Kapoeta, Eastern Equatoria, do a traditional peace dance at a rally where the Comprehensive Peace Agreement text was distributed. In present-day Eastern Equatoria state, South Sudan. Eighteen months after the agreement that ended Sudan's two-decade civil war had been signed, few Sudanese knew its details. That began to change in April and May 2006, when USAID launched an initiative to help more than 150,000 people in five Southern Sudanese states access details of the agreement and participate more fully in implementing the peace. Documents in Arabic and English were distributed to all government officials in the south, and an official summary was developed and published in English and Arabic. The Sudan Radio Service created audio versions of the summary in seven languages — Moro, Arabic, simple Arabic, Toposa, Shilluk, Dinka, and Nuer — and the Sudan Mirror published 22,000 summaries to be included as supplements in its Easter edition." Deutsch: Originalbeschreibung beinhaltet: "Sudan: Den Frieden verbreitend - Sudanesische Einwohnerr von Kapoete, Easter Equatoria, führen einen traditionellen Friedenstanz bei einer Agitpropveranstaltung ("rally") auf, bei der der Wortlaut des Navaisha-Friedensabkommens ("Comprehensive Peace Agreement") verbreitet werden soll. Achtzehn Monate nach der Übereinkunft, die den über zwei Jahrzehnte andauernenden Bürgerkrieg beendete, kannten nur sehr wenige Sudanesen die inhaltlichen Details. Dies änderte sich ab April und Mai 2006 als die USAID („Behörde der Vereinigten Staaten für internationale Entwicklung“) eine Initiative zur vollen Umsetzung unternahm. Informationsmaterial in arabischer und englischer Sprache wurde alle staatlichen Stellen im südlichen Sudan verteilt, und es wurde eine offizielle zusammenfassende Erklärung erstellt, die dann in arabischer und englischer Sprache veröffentlicht wurde. Der Sudanesische Rundfunk erstellte Audiobeiträge dieser zusammenfassenden Erklärung und strahlte sie in sieben Sprachen aus: in Moro, Arabisch, vereinfachtes Arabisch, Tposa, Shilluk, Dinka und Nuer. Der Sudanesische Tagesspiel ("Sudan Mirror") veröffentliche 22.000 Kopien einer Flugblattbeilage, die mit ihrer Zeitung im östlichen Raum verteilt wurde.
context_page_description: The Nilotic peoples are peoples indigenous to the Nile Valley who speak Nilotic languages. They inhabit South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, DR Congo and Tanzania. Among these are the Burun speaking peoples, Karo peoples, Luo peoples, Ateker peoples, Kalenjin peoples, Datooga, Dinka, Nuer, Atwot, Lotuko and the Maa-speaking peoples.
  The Nilotes constitute the majority of the population in South Sudan, an area that is believed to be their original point of dispersal. After the Bantu peoples, they constitute the second-most numerous group of peoples inhabiting the African Great Lakes region around the Eastern Great Rift. They make up a notable part of the population of southwestern Ethiopia as well.
  The Nilote peoples primarily adhere to Christianity and traditional faiths, including the Dinka religion.
context_section_description: A Y-chromosome study by Wood et al. (2005) tested various populations in Africa for paternal lineages, including 26 Maasai and 9 Luo from Kenya, and 9 Alur from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The signature Nilotic paternal marker Haplogroup A3b2 was observed in 27% of the Maasai, 22% of the Alur, and 11% of the Luo.
  According to Gomes et al. (2010), Haplogroup B is another characteristically Nilotic paternal marker. It was found in 22% of Wood et al.'s Luo samples, 8% of studied Maasai and 50% of studied Nuer. The E1b1b haplogroup has been observed at overall frequencies of around 11% among Nilo-Saharan-speaking groups in the Great Lakes area, with this influence concentrated among the Maasai (50%). This is indicative of substantial historic gene flow from Cushitic-speaking males into these Nilo-Saharan-speaking populations. In addition, 67% of the Alur samples possessed the E2 haplogroup.
  A study by Hassan et al. (2008) analysed the Y-DNA of populations in the Sudan region, with various local Nilotic groups included for comparison. The researchers found the signature Nilotic A and B clades to be the most common paternal lineages amongst the Nilo-Saharan speakers, except those inhabiting western Sudan. There, a prominent North African influence was noted. Haplogroup A was observed amongst 62% of Dinka, 53.3% of Shilluk, 46.4% of Nuba, 33.3% of Nuer, 31.3% of Fur and 18.8% of Masalit. Haplogroup B was found in 50% of Nuer, 26.7% of Shilluk, 23% of Dinka, 14.3% of Nuba, 3.1% of Fur and 3.1% of Masalit. The E1b1b clade was also observed in 71.9% of the Masalit, 59.4% of the Fur, 39.3% of the Nuba, 20% of the Shilluk, 16.7% of the Nuer, and 15% of the Dinka. Hassan et al. attributed the atypically high frequencies of the haplogroup in the Masalit to either a recent population bottleneck, which likely altered the community's original haplogroup diversity, or to geographical proximity to E1b1b's place of origin in North Africa. The researchers suggest that the clade "might have been brought to Sudan [...] after the progressive desertification of the Sahara around 6,000–8,000 years ago". Henn et al. (2008) similarly observed Afro-Asiatic influence in the Nilotic Datog of northern Tanzania, 43% of whom carried the M293 sub-clade of E1b1b.
caption: Nilotic men in Kapoeta, South Sudan.
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