page_title: Canadian petroleum companies
section_title: Enbridge
hierarchical_section_title: Canadian petroleum companies / Market capitalization (March 31, 2014), revenue (2016), profit (2016), production, reserves / Enbridge
caption_attribution_description: English: Enbridge Building, downtown Edmonton, Alberta, photographed at dusk.
context_page_description: Although there are numerous oil companies operating in Canada, the majority of production, refining and marketing is done by fewer than 20 of them. According to the 2013 edition of Forbes Global 2000, canoils.com and any other list that emphasizes market capitalization and revenue when sizing up companies, as of March 31, 2014 these are the largest Canada-based oil and gas companies. However more recent changes, possibly mergers or a stronger showing in the price of oil could mean a few of the oil sands producers are underrepresented; this is because Canadian companies are increasingly dependent on production from that source, which is hurt severely when oil prices decline below 50 to 60 dollars a barrel since costs per barrel traditionally exceed $28 and non-upgraded bitumen produces 1.7 fewer barrels per metric ton than West Texas Intermediate oil. A few of the larger companies don't show up in the Forbes list because its ranking system takes many different factors into account.
  Syncrude and Irving Oil are also leaders in the Canadian industry, with Syncrude being the top producer of oil sands crude and Irving Oil operating the largest oil refinery in the country.
context_section_description: Revenue 15.539 bn MV 21.664 bn (2011)
  Began as a pipeline company called interprovincial pipelines incorporated by Imperial Oil in the 1940s as a result of growth at the Leduc oil fields in Alberta exceeding the capacity of Alberta's refineries to process the oil. In 1950 its pipelines were operational and in 1953 it was a publicly traded company at stock exchanges in Toronto and Montreal.  By the late 1950s its main pipeline was almost 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long handling about 200,000 barrels (32,000 m³) of oil per day in certain sections.
  In the late 1960s refineries in the US and Canada demanded more oil be delivered from Canadian sources, and the solution deemed best by management, and government officials was to build a new line through Chicago.  The access expansion gave the company to Chicago helped the company grow rapidly and by the early 1970s throughput reached 900,000 barrels (140,000 m³) of oil.  By 1986 Imperial Oil's ownership of the company was down to 33% and through an exchange of shares Imperial Oil helped interprovincial acquire another oil company called Hiram Walker while subsequently changing its name to Interhome Energy Inc.  Later it was renamed IPL Energy Inc.  During the 1990s it acquired a number of other companies (consumers gas, altagas, interest in Chicap pipeline) which delivered natural gas as well but most of the company's business was still in crude oil.  The new divisions gave the company greater access to Toronto, Quebec and New York.  Its last name change made in 1998 was to Enbridge Inc. a combination of the words energy and bridge.
  Currently Enbridge owns the world's longest oil pipeline system (delivers 2,000,000 barrels (320,000 m³) per day), owns Canada's largest natural gas distributing company, and has 1.9 million customers.  It is also active in the alternative energy sector, having an interest in wind farms, waste heat recovery plants and photovoltaic projects the largest of which is the Sarnia Solar Project.
  Revenue comes from commodity sales (79%), gas distribution sales (6.9%), transportation and other services (14.0%).
caption: Enbridge building in Edmonton, Alberta
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