page_title: Lucie Dreyfus
section_title: Dreyfus affair
hierarchical_section_title: Lucie Dreyfus / Life / Dreyfus affair
caption_attribution_description: English: Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) with his wife, née Lucie Hadamard (1869-1945), and their two children, Pierre (1891-1946) and Jeanne Levy (1893-1981).
context_page_description: Lucie Dreyfus-Hadamard, was the wife of Alfred Dreyfus, and his main and unwavering support during the Affair that shook the couple from 1894 to 1906. She never ceased to defend the honor of her husband.
context_section_description: In 1894, her husband was arrested, the Dreyfus Affair breaks out. She addressed a petition to the chamber and a petition to the Pope on the 16 September 1896. Called as a witness by Emile Zola, President Delegorgue refused that she be heard. She saw her request for revision of 3 September 1898 be accepted.
  Lucie visited her husband daily in Parisian prisons and then on the Île de Ré. She has an important correspondence with her husband, even when he is exiled to Devil's Island. 
  She published some letters to raise public awareness of the innocence of her husband. She was in Rennes and waited for his appearance during his second trial on 1 July 1899. He was sentenced again to ten years of imprisonment.
  On the 19 September 1899, Émile Loubet granted him a presidential pardon.
  On the 29th, Émile Zola wrote in L'Aurore an open letter to Madame Alfred Dreyfus: 
   We have been promised, in compensation, the justice of history ... in the same way, let the scoundrels keep the high ground, while you, the righteous, we push you to the creek. And we add that when we are dead, it is we who will have the statues. For me, I will, and I hope that the revenge of history will be more serious than the delights of paradise. A little justice on this earth would have pleased me .... and I'm still waiting
  It was necessary to wait until 12 July 1903, Zola had been dead since nearly four years, so that the judgment of Rennes could be broken without referral. Her husband was finally rehabilitated, and rejoined the army and was knighted the Legion of Honor on 21 July 1903. Throughout the proceedings, she has left the conduct of the defense of her husband to his brother-in-law, Mathieu Dreyfus.
  In her correspondence with her friend, Hélène Naville, with humility, she calls her:
   Why did you praise me so much, I'm far from deserving of it. If I endured these years of suffering, it was because I owed it to my husband, to my children. I simply did my duty; if I had done otherwise, I would have been criminal.
  During the First World War, she volunteered, and in 1933, she obtained a nursing certificate.
  Alfred Dreyfus died in Paris of a heart attack on 12 July 1935. She survived him for more than ten years. During the Second World War, Lucie is hosted in a convent in Valencia under the name of Madame Duteil where only the mother superior knew her true identity. Her granddaughter, Madeleine Levy, Jeanne's daughter, was arrested by French police in Toulouse. She was deported to the East, and died of typhus in Auschwitz in January 1944, aged 25.
  Lucie Dreyfus died in Paris on 14 December 1945. She is buried next to her husband at the Montparnasse cemetery (division 28).
caption: Alfred, Lucie, Pierre Léon and Jeanne
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