page_title: Treaty of Rome (1924)
section_title: Background
hierarchical_section_title: Treaty of Rome (1924) / Background
caption_attribution_description: English: The territory of the Free State of Fiume. (orange = the old Hungarian district of Fiume till 1918, yellow = added to Fiume 1919, green = Yugoslavia)
context_page_description: The Treaty of Rome of 27 January 1924 was an agreement by which Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes agreed that Fiume would be annexed to Italy as the Province of Fiume, while the town of Sušak was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. According to the treaty, Fiume and Sušak would share joint administration of the port facilities. Today these two towns are part of Rijeka in Croatia.
context_section_description: Following a period of Fiume existing under Gabriele D'Annunzio's Italian Regency of Carnaro, the Treaty of Rapallo from 1920 had created the independent Free State of Fiume. The Free State of Fiume was immediately recognized by other nation states, including the United States of America, France, and the United Kingdom. The state survived only one year de facto and four years de jure. The joint administration of the port was never created.
  On 24 April 1921 the first general elections for parliament elected President Riccardo Zanella, leader of the Autonomist Fiuman Movement. On 3 March 1922 a movement directed by fascist deputy Francesco Giunta forced Zanella to resign. On 17 September 1923 Gaetano Giardino, an Italian General, was sent by Benito Mussolini with the task of reinstating public order. In the meantime, negotiations started between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to dissolve the Free State of Fiume.
caption: Fiume County (orange) plus the strip of land shown in yellow together became the Free State of Fiume with the Treaty of Rapallo.
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