page_title: Pissarrachampsa
section_title: Description
hierarchical_section_title: Pissarrachampsa / Description
caption_attribution_description: English: Left: Skull of the referred specimen of Pissarrachampsa sera (LPRP/USP 0018). A) ventral; B) lateral (mirrored) views. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Right: Skull of the baurusuchid Pissarrachampsa sera. A) and C) Drawing of the skull LPRP/USP 0019 (holotype) in strict lateral (left) and ventral views, respectively. B) Reconstruction of the dorsal surface of the same skull, based on a strict dorsal view of skull roof and a slightly posterodorsal view of the occipital plane. Hatched areas indicate broken surfaces. Reconstruction of the anterior part of the rostrum based on the referred specimen (LPRP/USP 0018). Abbreviations: ap, anterior palpebral; bs, basisphenoid; cg, choanal groove; ec, ectopterygoid; ecfm, ectopterygoid foramina; Ef, medial Eustachian foramen; f, frontal; fmg, foramen magnum; fr, frontal ridge; j, jugal; jir, jugal infraorbital ridge; l, lacrimal; lEf, lateral Eustachian foramen; lf, lacrimal duct foramen; mx, maxilla; m1-m4, maxillary teeth (1–4); n, nasal; oa, otic aperture; oc, occipital condyle; p, parietal; pcf, parachoanal fenestra; pcfo, parachoanal fossae; pfm, palatine foramina; pfp, pl, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; popr, paraoccipital process; pp, posterior palpebral; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qd, quadrate depression; qf, quadrate fenestrae; qj, quadratojugal; ra, ridge ‘A’; se, choanal septum; soc, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; tof, temporo-orbital foramen. Scale bar equals 10 cm.
context_page_description: Pissarrachampsa is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. It is based on a nearly complete skull and a referred partial skull and lower jaw from the?Campanian -?Maastrichtian-age Vale do Rio do Peixe Formation of the Bauru Group, found in the vicinity of Gurinhatã, Brazil.
context_section_description: Pissarrachampsa is known from its holotype, a nearly complete skull and skeleton, as well as other referred cranial and postcranial materials. Like other baurusuchids, it has a deep skull that narrow in front of the eyes and wider at the back, giving it a roughly triangular shape when viewed from above. The snout is not as narrow as other related baurusuchids, however. At around 70% the length of the entire skull, the snout is also short in comparison to those of other crocodyliforms. Like other baurusuchids, Pissarrachampsa has an enlarged caniniform tooth in the upper jaw. Including the enlarged caniniform, there are four teeth implanted in the maxilla, less than other baurusuchids. A groove extends behind the last of the maxillary teeth. While other baurusuchids have more teeth implanted this groove, Pissarrachampsa likely lost these teeth, giving it a reduced dentition. A deep notch between the maxillae and premaxillae provides room for an enlarged fourth dentary tooth in the lower jaw when the mouth is closed. Another large dentary tooth fits into a hole at the back of the upper jaw. Except for the fourth dentary tooth, no teeth in the lower jaw are visible when the mouth is closed.
  The nostrils are positioned at the tip of the snout and face forward. They are found in a depressed region called the circumnarial fossa. Thick palpebral bones overly the eyes. The supratemporal fenestrae, two large holes on the skull roof, are almost the same size as the eye sockets and are roughly triangular in shape. The thick anterior and medial rims of the supratemporal fenestrae are a diagnostic feature of Pissarrachampsa. At the back of the skull are four quadrate fenestrae, small depressions that Pissarrachampsa shares with other notosuchians. In Pissarrachampsa, these fenestrae are visible when the skull is viewed from the side, but in other baurusuchids, they are hidden within a deep notch in the back of the skull. The pterygoid wings extend down from the bottom of the skull as two large triangular pieces of bone. A deep depression on each wing serves as another diagnostic characteristic of the genus. Another unique feature can be found underneath the back of the skull; four holes called Eustachian foramina provide an opening for the Eustachian tubes, and in Pissarrachampsa the outer or lateral pair are larger than the inner or medial pair.
  Godoy et al. (2016) identified the following postcranial features as diagnostic for Pissarrachampsa sera:
  Ulnar shaft subtriangular in cross-section and strongly bowed laterally; large lateral projection of the supraacetabular crest of the ilium; femur with caudally pointed margin of the medial proximal crest; well-developed femoral “femorotibialis ridge”; short and sharp crest at the craniolateral margin of the distal tibia, ending caudal to the fibular contact of the distal hook; lateral iliofibularis trochanter sharply raised and proximodistally elongated; fibular distal hook contact with tibia placed more proximally relative to the distal articulation of the latter bone; absence of astragalar fossa; restricted anterior hollow on the cranial surface of the astragalus; lateral tubercle at the lateral ridge of calcaneal tuber; complete absence of postcranial osteoderms.
caption: Skull of referred specimen
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