page_title: Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome
section_title: List of brachycephalic dog breeds
hierarchical_section_title: Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome / List of brachycephalic dog breeds
caption_attribution_description: English: Dogs on Murlough Beach, Newcastle, County Down, Northern Ireland, February 2010
context_page_description: Brachycephalic syndrome is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead to severe respiratory distress. There are four different anatomical abnormalities that contribute to the disease, all of which occur more commonly in brachycephalic breeds:- an elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, a hypoplastic trachea, and everted laryngeal saccules. Because all of these components make it more difficult to breathe, in situations of exercise, stress, or heat, an animal with these abnormalities may be unable to take deep or fast enough breaths to blow off carbon dioxide. This leads to distress and further increases respiratory rate and heart rate, creating a vicious cycle that can quickly lead to a life-threatening situation.
  Brachycephalic dogs are more likely to die during air travel and have been banned by many airlines.
  Dogs experiencing a crisis situation due to brachycephalic syndrome typically benefit from oxygen, cool temperatures, sedatives, and in some cases more advanced medical intervention, including intubation.
context_section_description: Affenpinscher
  American Bulldog
  Boston Terrier
  Boxer
  Bulldog
  Bullmastiff
  Cane Corso
  Chihuahua (apple-headed)
  Chow Chow
  Dogue de Bordeaux
  English Mastiff
  French Bulldog
  Griffon Bruxellois
  Japanese Chin
  King Charles Spaniel
  Lhasa Apso
  Neapolitan Mastiff
  Pekingese
  Pug
  Rottweiler
  Shih Tzu
  Valley Bulldog
caption: Breeds with less extreme brachycephalia, such as the Boxer, have less compromised thermoregulation and thus are more tolerant of vigorous exercise and heat.
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