page_title: History of Cluj-Napoca
section_title: Roman times
hierarchical_section_title: History of Cluj-Napoca / Ancient times / Roman times
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg HD049451 English: Copy of the Roman milliarium discovered in Aiton commune, near Cluj-Napoca, Romania, dating from 108 AD and showing the construction of the road from Potaissa to Napoca, by demand of the Emperor Trajan. It indicates the distance of ten thousand feet (P.M.X.) to Potaissa. It is the first epigraphical attestation of the settlements of Potaissa and Napoca in Roman Dacia. This monument was erected in June 1993 in front of the Turda Post Office (Dec. 1, 1918 Street). The complete inscription is: "Imp(erator)/ Caesar Nerva/ Traianus Aug(ustus)/ Germ(anicus) Dacicus/ pontif(ex) maxim(us)/ (sic) pot(estate) XII co(n)s(ul) V/ imp(erator) VI p(ater) p(atriae) fecit/ per coh(ortem) I Fl(aviam) Vlp(iam)/ Hisp(anam) mil(liariam) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitatam)/ a Potaissa Napo/cam / m(ilia) p(assuum) X". The inscription was recorded in Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, vol.III, the 1627, Berlin, 1863. Español: Reproducción moderna con el texto de CIL III 1627, procedente de Aiton (Rumanía), que reza: "Imp(erator)/ Caesar Nerva/ Traianus Aug(ustus)/ Germ(anicus) Dacicus/ pontif(ex) maxim(us)/ (sic) pot(estate) XII co(n)s(ul) V/ imp(erator) VI p(ater) p(atriae) fecit/ per coh(ortem) I Fl(aviam) Vlp(iam)/ Hisp(anam) mil(liariam) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitatam)/ a Potaissa Napo/cam / m(ilia) p(assuum) X" Română: Copia miliarului descoperit în comuna Aiton datând din anul 108 e.n. care atestă construirea din porunca împăratului Traian, a drumului de la Potaissa la Napoca. El indică distanța de zece ori o mie de pași (P.M.X.) până la Potaissa. Este cea dintîi menționare epigrafică a localităților Potaissa și Napoca. Acest monument a fost ridicat în iunie 1993 în fața Poștei din Turda (strada 1 Decembrie 1918). Inscripția completă este: "Imp(erator)/ Caesar Nerva/ Traianus Aug(ustus)/ Germ(anicus) Dacicus/ pontif(ex) maxim(us)/ (sic) pot(estate) XII co(n)s(ul) V/ imp(erator) VI p(ater) p(atriae) fecit/ per coh(ortem) I Fl(aviam) Vlp(iam)/ Hisp(anam) mil(liariam) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitatam)/ a Potaissa Napo/cam / m(ilia) p(assuum) X". Inscripția a fost înregistrată în „Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum”, vol.III, textul 1627, Berlin, 1863.
context_page_description: The history of Cluj-Napoca covers the time from the Roman conquest of Dacia, when a Roman settlement named Napoca existed on the location of the later city, through the founding of Cluj and its flourishing as the main cultural and religious center in the historical province of Transylvania, until its modern existence as a city, the seat of Cluj County in north-western Romania.
context_section_description: The Romans conquered Dacia between AD 101 and 106 under Trajan, and a Roman settlement of Napoca is first recorded on a milestone found in 1758 in the nearby Aiton commune.
  The Milliarium of Aiton is an ancient Roman milestone (milliarium) dating from 108 AD, shortly after the conquest, evidence of the construction of a road from Potaissa to Napoca. It indicates a distance of ten thousand feet (P.M.X.) to Potaissa. This is the first epigraphical attestation of the settlements of Potaissa and Napoca in Roman Dacia.
  The complete inscription is: "Imp(erator)/ Caesar Nerva/ Traianus Aug(ustus)/ Germ(anicus) Dacicus/ pontif(ex) maxim(us)/ (sic) pot(estate) XII co(n)s(ul) V/ imp(erator) VI p(ater) p(atriae) fecit/ per coh(ortem) I Fl(aviam) Vlp(iam)/ Hisp(anam) mil(liariam) c(ivium) R(omanorum) eq(uitatam)/ a Potaissa Napo/cam / m(ilia) p(assuum) X". It was recorded in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, vol.III, the 1627, Berlin, 1863.
  This milliarium is evidence of a road known to be built by Cohors I Hispanorum miliaria.
  Trajan's successor Hadrian granted the title and rank of municipium to the Roman settlement at Napoca naming it municipium Aelium Hadrianum Napocenses. Later, in the 2nd century AD, the city gained the status of a colonia as Colonia Aurelia Napoca, probably during the reign of Marcus Aurelius.
  Napoca became a provincial capital of Dacia Porolissensis and thus the seat of a procurator. The colonia was abandoned in 274 by the Roman administration.
  During the Migrations Period Napoca was overrun and destroyed. There are no references to urban settlement on the site for the better part of a millennium thereafter. Villages did spring up on the nearby countryside which displayed continuation in culture from the Roman period, likely populated by settlers that had abandoned the city.
caption: Milliarium of Aiton, the oldest known epigraphical attestation of Napoca – a copy erected in June 1993 in front of the Turda Post Office
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