page_title: Conga (music)
section_title: Conga of Los Hoyos
hierarchical_section_title: Conga (music) / History / Conga of Los Hoyos
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Konga in Santiago de Cuba, 2014 Español: Invasión de la Conga de Los Hoyos en Santiago de Cuba, 2014 English: Invasión of the Conga of Los Hoyos in Santiago de Cuba, 2014
context_page_description: The term conga refers to the music groups within Cuban comparsas and the music they play. Comparsas are large ensembles of musicians, singers and dancers with a specific costume and choreography which perform in the street carnivals of Santiago de Cuba and Havana.
  The instrumentation differs between congas santiagueras and congas habaneras. Congas santiagueras include the corneta china, which is an adaptation of the Cantonese suona introduced in Oriente in 1915, and its percussion section comprises bocúes, the quinto, galletas and the pilón, as well as brakes which are struck with metal sticks. Congas habaneras lack the corneta china but include trumpets, trombones and saxophones, and they have a different set of percussion instruments: redoblantes, bombos, quinto, tumbadora, and metallic idiophones such as cowbells, spoons, frying pans and rims.
  Congas and comparsas have a long history which dates back to the 19th century, with musical traditions being passed down from one generation to the next. The older comparsas are derived from cabildos de nación or other social groups, whereas the later ones, called paseos, are derived from barrios.
context_section_description: Los Hoyos is a district in downtown Santiago de Cuba and home to the conga of Los Hoyos.  The date of the founding of this conga is unknown, but it was already in existence in 1902 (del Carmen et al. 2005).
  At first, the instruments of the group were a pilón, some bocúes, a cowbell and a güiro. Later, two redoblantes were added, the number of bocúes was increased and the cowbell and güiro were replaced by frying pans.  Later still, the frying pans were replaced by the campanas (automobile brake drums or other pieces of metal chosen for their distinct sound qualities). Also added were the quinto and the requinto. Los Hoyos first began using a corneta china in 1916 (del Carmen et al. 2005), one year after the instrument was introduced by the conga Los Colombianos from Tívoli.
  During the carnaval season, Los Hoyos performs a traditional event known as an "invasión," in which it marches around the streets of Santiago and visits the neighborhoods where the other famous congas are located.  This "invasión" commemorates the invasion of the Army of Liberation at the end of the War of Independence.  Los Hoyos also closes the traditional parades of the Carnaval of Santiago de Cuba (del Carmen et al. 2005).
caption: Invasión of the Conga de Los Hoyos in Santiago 2014
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