page_title: Artificial lateral line
section_title: Neuromast
hierarchical_section_title: Artificial lateral line / Biomimetic features / Neuromast
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Hitzdraht-Sonde aus einem de:HitzdrahtanemometerEnglish: Hot wire anemometer estimate wind speed by the cooling rate of wire by the wind
context_page_description: An Artificial Lateral Line is a biomimetic lateral line system. A lateral line is a system of sensory organs in aquatic animals such as fish, that serves to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in their environment. An artificial lateral line is an artificial biomimetic array of distinct mechanosensory transducers that, similarly, permits the formation of a spatial-temporal image of the sources in immediate vicinity based on hydrodynamic signatures; the opurpose is to assist in obstacle avoidance and object tracking... The biomimetic lateral line system has the potential to improve navigation in Under-water Vehicles when vision is partially or fully compromised. Under-water navigation is challenging due to the rapid attenuation of radio frequency and Global Positioning System signals. In addition ALL system can overcome some of the drawbacks in traditional localization techniques like SONAR and optical imaging.
  The basic component of either a natural or artificial lateral line is a neuromast, a mechanoreceptive organ that allows the sensing of mechanical changes in water. Hair cell serves as the basic unit in flow and acoustic sensing.
context_section_description: In the artificial lateral line, neuromast's function is carried out by using transducers. These tiny structures employ various systems such as hot-wire anemometry, optoelectronics or piezoelectric cantilevers to detect mechanical changes in water. Neuromasts are primarily classified into two types based on their location. The superficial neuromast located on the skin is used for velocity sensing to locate certain moving targets, whereas Canal Neuromasts located below the epidermis enclosed in the canal utilize pressure gradient between the inlet and outlet for object detection and avoidance. Fishes use superficial neuromast for rheotaxis and station holding as well.
  Out of all the sensing techniques employed, only hot-wire anemometry is non directional. This technique can accurately measure the particle motion in the medium but not the direction of flow. However hot wire anemometer and the data collected is adequate to determine particle motion up to hundreds of nanometers and as a result is comparable with a neuromast in similar flow. The figure is a depiction of a simplified hot-wire sensor. Current carrying conductors undergo increases in temperature due to Joule heating. The flow around the current carrying wire causes it to cool and the change in current required to restore the original temperature is the output. In another variant, the change in resistivity of the material with respect to the change in temperature of the hot wire is used at the output.
caption: Simplified Hot-wire sensor
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