page_title: Academic dress
section_title: Spain
hierarchical_section_title: Academic dress / By country or district / Spain
caption_attribution_description: El Padrino dando la mano al Honoris Causa
context_page_description: Academic dress is a traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree, or hold a status that entitles them to assume them. It is also known as academical dress, academicals, subfusc and, in the United States, as academic regalia.
  Contemporarily, it is commonly seen only at graduation ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was, and to a lesser degree in many ancient universities still is, worn daily. Today, the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consist of a gown with a separate hood, and usually a cap. Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress.
context_section_description: The typical Spanish academic dress has Latin origin. It has been regulated since 1850, when Queen Isabella II established several rules about academic dress, according to the centuries-old Spanish custom. The typical Spanish academic dress for doctors is composed by:
  A black long gown (toga) with a long row of buttons, made of satin and wool. It is worn over a black suit.
  A mozzetta (muceta), whose colour depends on the academic field.
  Long cuffs (puñetas) of the same fabric and color than the mozetta, covered by white cotton lace. Those of the Rector (University president) are bright red or pink, and the lace is usually silken. The buttons are made of gold for the Rector and made of silver for the Deans.
  An octagonal, tasseled biretta (birrete), whose colour depends on the academic field. Tassels of doctors holding more than one degree in separate fields alternate the corresponding colors.
  White gloves.
  A ring is usually worn by doctors.
  A staff or scepter (bastón) made of American reed is carried by the University rector.
  Medallions are often worn by postgraduates, doctors, professors, deans and the University rector.
  However, this academic dress is only used for the opening of the academic year and for PhD graduations or for doctorates honoris causa. It is worn only by doctors, deans and the University Rector. For other graduates, the academic dress is often composed by a mortarboard and a mozzetta (muceta) or a sash over the shoulder (beca) with the shield of the University and/or Faculty. The colour of the mozzetta or the sash depends on the academic field.
  The colours used in Spain for the various academic fields are:
caption: Honoris causa doctorates wearing the Spanish doctor's academic dress for Sciences at the University of Valladolid, Spain.
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