page_title: 1918
section_title: November
hierarchical_section_title: 1918 / Events / November
caption_attribution_description: English: German Republic was proclaimed by MSPD member Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building Deutsch: Scheidemann ruft vom Westbalkon (zweites Fenster nördlich des Portikus) des Reichstagsgebäudes die Republik aus.
context_page_description: 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1918th year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 918th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1918, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
  This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.
context_section_description: November 1
  The Polish–Ukrainian War is inaugurated, by the proclamation of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in Galicia, with a capital at Lwów.
  Serbian forces recapture Belgrade.
  Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, in Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 93 dead.
  November 3
  WWI: Austria-Hungary enters an armistice with the Allies, at the Villa Giusti in Padua.
  Poland declares its independence from Russia.
  German Revolution: Sailors in the German fleet at Kiel mutiny, and throughout northern Germany soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils, on the Russian soviet model.
  November 4 – WWI: The Armistice of Villa Giusti ends warfare between Italy and Austria-Hungary, on the Italian Front.
  November 6 – A new Polish government is proclaimed in Lublin.
  November 7 – King Ludwig of Bavaria flees his country.
  November 8 – The German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser. The German Armistice delegation arrives at the Forest of Compiègne in France.
  November 9
  Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.
  The German Republic is proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann in Berlin, on the Reichstag balcony.
  Provisional National Council Minister-President Kurt Eisner declares Bavaria to be a republic.
  British battleship HMS Britannia is sunk by a German submarine off Trafalgar, with the loss of around fifty lives (the last major naval engagement of WWI).
  November 11
  End of WWI: Armistice of 11 November 1918 – Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies, between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM, in the "Compiègne Wagon", Marshal Foch's railroad car, in the Forest of Compiègne in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. At 10:59 U.S. soldier Henry Gunther becomes (probably) the last killed in action.
  Poland regains independence, after 123 years of partitions. Józef Piłsudski is appointed Commander-in-Chief.
  Emperor Charles I of Austria gives up his absolute power, but does not abdicate.
  November 12 – Austria becomes a republic.
  November 13
  The Allied Occupation of Constantinople begins.
  Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden, relinquishes all governing duties.
  November 14
  Czechoslovakia becomes a republic.
  The Second Polish Republic is proclaimed with Józef Piłsudski as head of state.
  The provisional government of Baden proclaims the "Free People's Republic of Baden" (Freie Volksrepublik Baden).
  Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, is forced from his throne, leading to the establishment of the People's State of Hesse.
  Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin abdicates his throne, leading to the establishment of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
  Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, announces he is ceasing to rule Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, leading to the establishment of the Free State of Coburg.
  German East African troops are informed of the November 11 armistice.
  November 16 – The Hungarian Democratic Republic is declared, marking Hungary's independence from Austria.
  November 18 – Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
  November 20 – U-boats start to rendezvous off Harwich, to begin the surrender of the High Seas Fleet to the British Royal Navy; in the following week the German warships are escorted to internment in Scapa Flow.
  November 21 – Lwów pogrom: Polish troops, volunteers and freed criminals massacre at least 320 Ukrainian Christians and Jews in Lwów, Galicia.
  November 22
  The Spartacist League founds the German Communist Party.
  The Belgian royal family returns to Brussels after the war, King Albert I having commanded the Allied Army group in the autumn Courtrai offensive, which liberated his country.
  Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden, abdicates; the Grand Duchy of Baden gives way to the Republic of Baden.
  November 23 – British military government of Palestine begins.
  November 25 – General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German commander in German East Africa, signs a ceasefire at Abercorn in Northern Rhodesia
caption: November 9: Proclamation of German Republic by Philipp Scheidemann in Berlin on the Reichstag balcony
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