page_title: Philips PM5544
hierarchical_section_title: Philips PM5544
caption_attribution_description: English: A test pattern of the type produced by the PM5544 generator. Svenska: En testbild av typen som produceras av en generator av typen PM5544.
context_page_description: The Philips PM5544 is a television pattern generator, most commonly used to provide a television station with a complex test card commonly referred to as a Philips Pattern or PTV Circle. The content and layout of the pattern was designed by engineer Finn Hendil in the Philips TV laboratory in Copenhagen under supervision of chief engineer Erik Helmer Nielsen in 1966–67. The equipment, the PM5544 Test Pattern Generator, which generates the pattern, was made by engineer Finn Hendil and his group in 1968–69. Since the introduction of the PM5544 in the early 1970s, the Philips Pattern has become one of the most commonly used test cards, with only the SMPTE bars, the BBC Test Card F and the Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate coming close to its usage.
  The Philips PM5544 pattern was later incorporated into other test pattern generators from Philips itself, as well as test pattern generators from various other manufacturers.
  The BBC occasionally used a slightly modified version called Test Card G from 1971 until the late-1990s, in conjunction with Test Card F.
context_section_description: The Philips PM5544 is a television pattern generator, most commonly used to provide a television station with a complex test card commonly referred to as a Philips Pattern or PTV Circle. The content and layout of the pattern was designed by engineer Finn Hendil (da; 1939–2011) in the Philips TV laboratory in Copenhagen under supervision of chief engineer Erik Helmer Nielsen in 1966–67. The equipment, the PM5544 Test Pattern Generator, which generates the pattern, was made by engineer Finn Hendil and his group in 1968–69. Since the introduction of the PM5544 in the early 1970s, the Philips Pattern has become one of the most commonly used test cards, with only the SMPTE bars, the BBC Test Card F and the Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate coming close to its usage.
  The Philips PM5544 pattern was later incorporated into other test pattern generators from Philips itself, as well as test pattern generators from various other manufacturers.
  The BBC occasionally used a slightly modified version called Test Card G from 1971 until the late-1990s, in conjunction with Test Card F. The IBA initially used this card in the 1970s, also in conjunction with Test Card F, but eventually abandoned Test Card G and developed a unique test card called the ETP-1, which was brought into use on ITV from 1979 onwards. Many broadcasters using a 625-line PAL system used some form of the Philips Pattern.
  Since the Philips PM5544 pattern is geared towards the PAL colour-coding system, this test pattern is uncommon among NTSC and SECAM broadcasters, though some, such as CBFT and CBMT in Canada, WBOY-TV and WNYW in the United States, DZBB-TV in the Philippines, Myawaddy TV in Myanmar, KBS and MBC in South Korea and TTV Main Channel, CTV Main Channel and CTS Main Channel in Taiwan have used a 525-line variant of it. The Japanese national broadcaster, NHK, also used a 525-line version of the test card, albeit with slight technical differences as compared to those used by the American and Canadian broadcasters so as to conform with the NTSC-J system. SECAM users of the Philips PM5544 test card included TF1, Antenne 2, FR3, Canal+, La Cinquième and M6 in France, Iraqi TV in Iraq and VTV in Vietnam.
  The Philips PM5544 was also in widespread use in Australia for many years, most notably with the ABC and SBS. Some commercial stations also used it. In New Zealand, it was used by TVNZ from the rollout of colour broadcasting.
  In the DACH countries, the PM5544 test card was used by the Austrian public broadcaster ORF and the German commercial terrestrial channel RTL. Use of the PM5544 in the DACH was solely confined to these two broadcasters as most TV stations in these areas instead preferred to use the Telefunken FuBK test card when they adopted colour television.
  In Spain, the PM5544 test card was used by the various autonomous and private channels since the early 1980s notably by TV3, El 33, Telemadrid, Antena 3, and Canal+ Spain, although not by the national public broadcaster TVE, which had used its own colour test card from 1975 until the early-2000s.
  In South Africa, the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) made use of the PM5544 pattern since they started testing their first television system in 1975, but independent broadcasters M-Net, which launched in 1986, and e.tv, which launched in 1998, opted not to.
  Saudi Broadcasting Authority (SBA) in Saudi Arabia previously used a heavily modified version of the Philips PM5544 pattern from 1982 until 2009, with the side "brackets" removed and 1/4 of the top half of the PM5544 "circle" replaced with a white and black background and colour bars.
  Some television stations have also been seen to have included a digital clock and/or date, as well as the station logo or ID, inside the "circle" of the PM5544 test card. This practice is common in Asia and in some parts of Europe, as well as in South Africa.
  A widescreen-capable Philips Pattern generator, the PM5644, was introduced by Philips in the 1990s. The widescreen version of the test card retains the signals present in the original, and features additional signals 
caption: Philips PM5544 television test pattern
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