page_title: Forest floor
hierarchical_section_title: Forest floor
caption_attribution_description: English: Forest floor Deutsch: Waldboden
context_page_description: The forest floor, also called detritus, duff and the O horizon, is one of the most distinctive features of a forest ecosystem. It mainly consists of shed vegetative parts, such as leaves, branches, bark, and stems, existing in various stages of decomposition above the soil surface. Although principally composed of non-living organic material, the forest floor also teems with a wide variety of fauna and flora. It is one of the richest components of the ecosystem from the standpoint of biodiversity because of the large number of decomposers and predators present, mostly belonging to invertebrates, fungi, algae, bacteria, and archaea. Certain plants may be more apparent in tropical forests, where rates of metabolism and species diversity are much higher than in colder climates.
  The major compartments for the storage of organic matter and nutrients within systems are the living vegetation, forest floor, and soil. The forest floor serves as a bridge between the above ground living vegetation and the soil, and it is a crucial component in nutrient transfer through the biogeochemical cycle.
context_section_description: The forest floor, also called detritus, duff and the O horizon, is one of the most distinctive features of a forest ecosystem.  It mainly consists of shed vegetative parts, such as leaves, branches, bark, and stems, existing in various stages of decomposition above the soil surface.  Although principally composed of non-living organic material, the forest floor also teems with a wide variety of fauna and flora.  It is one of the richest components of the ecosystem from the standpoint of biodiversity because of the large number of decomposers and predators present, mostly belonging to invertebrates, fungi, algae, bacteria, and archaea.  Certain (adapted) plants may be more apparent in tropical forests, where rates of metabolism and species diversity are much higher than in colder climates.
  The major compartments for the storage of organic matter and nutrients within systems are the living vegetation, forest floor, and soil.  The forest floor serves as a bridge between the above ground living vegetation and the soil, and it is a crucial component in nutrient transfer through the biogeochemical cycle.  Much of the energy and carbon fixed by forests is periodically added to the forest floor through litterfall, and a substantial portion of the nutrient requirements of forest ecosystems is supplied by decomposition of organic matter in the forest floor and soil surface.  The sustained productivity of forests is closely linked with the decomposition of shed plant parts, particularly the nutrient-rich foliage.  The forest floor is also an important fuel source in forest fires.
caption: Forest floor of a temperate broadleaf forest showing leaf litter.
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