page_title: 15-Cis-phytoene desaturase
hierarchical_section_title: 15-Cis-phytoene desaturase
caption_attribution_description: English: Cartoon representation of the crystal structure of the enzyme phytoene desaturase from rice (Oryza sativa). Colored from blue (N-terminus) to red (C-terminus), the FAD cofactor is shown as a ball and stick model in yellow. PDB: 5MOG&#8203;. Corresponding paper: doi:10.1016/j.str.2017.06.002
context_page_description: 15-cis-phytoene desaturases, are enzymes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. Phytoene desaturases are membrane-bound enzymes localized in plastids and introduce two double bonds into their colorless substrate phytoene by dehydrogenation and isomerize two additional double bonds. This reaction starts a biochemical pathway involving three further enzymes called the poly-cis pathway and leads to the red colored lycopene. The homologous phytoene desaturase found in bacteria and fungi converts phytoene directly to lycopene by an all-trans pathway.
context_section_description: 15-cis-phytoene desaturases (PDS, plant-type phytoene desaturases) (EC 1.3.5.5, 15-cis-phytoene:plastoquinone oxidoreductase), are enzymes involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. Phytoene desaturases are membrane-bound enzymes localized in plastids and introduce two double bonds into their colorless substrate phytoene by dehydrogenation and isomerize two additional double bonds.  This reaction starts a biochemical pathway involving three further enzymes (zeta-carotene isomerase, zeta-carotene desaturase and carotene cis-trans isomerase) called the poly-cis pathway and leads to the red colored lycopene. The homologous phytoene desaturase found in bacteria and fungi (CrtI) converts phytoene directly to lycopene by an all-trans pathway.
caption: Crystallographic structure of a phytoene desaturase monomer from rice.[1]
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