page_title: Navarrese electoral Carlism during the Restoration
section_title: Personalities
hierarchical_section_title: Navarrese electoral Carlism during the Restoration / Personalities
caption_attribution_description: English: portrait of Joaquin Llorens Fernandez, a Carlist deputy to the Spanish Cortes, as published in La Ilustración española y americana of 30.07.1909
context_page_description: Carlism was the dominant political movement in elections in Navarre during the period between the Third Carlist War and the Primo de Rivera dictatorship. The movement, defeated in 1876, during the Restauración period recalibrated its focus from military action to political means and media campaigns. Accommodating themselves to political framework of the Alfonsine monarchy, party leaders considered elections, and especially elections to Cortes Generales, primary vehicle of political mobilization. Navarre turned out to be the Carlist electoral stronghold; it elected 35% of all Carlist deputies voted into the parliament during almost 50 years of the monarchical liberal democracy. Though the phenomenon remained marginal from the national Spanish perspective, political prowess of Carlism in the province was key to sustain its potential until the movement regained momentum during the Second Spanish Republic.
context_section_description: There were 20 individuals elected as Carlist deputies from Navarre during the Restauración, plus an unspecified number of candidates who at least once ran for the Cortes, but have never been successful. The two who stand head and shoulders above are non-Navarros, Joaquín Lloréns Fernández and Juan Vázquez de Mella, who served 8 terms each as Navarrese deputies in the Cortes.
  Joaquín Lloréns Fernández (1854-1930) was a Levantine and a soldier, commanding the Carlist artillery during the Third Carlist War. He commenced his parliamentary career elsewhere, but starting 1901 he was continuously 8 times elected from Estella; his position in the district was so dominant that no-one dared to confront him in the 1910-1916 period; however, he was defeated in Estella by an cerralbista candidate in 1919. Juan Vázquez de Mella (1861-1928) was an Asturian and a leading Carlist theorist. Though he served 8 Navarrese terms in the Cortes, he was elected only 7 times (3 times from Estella and 4 times from Pamplona), as in 1903 he replaced the successful candidate, Miguel Irigaray. Both were not typical cuñeros (cuckoo candidates), as over time they became deeply involved in local issues.
  The most notable local deputy was Romualdo Cesáreo Sanz Escartin, the Carlist general from Pamplona; he was the first Carlist MP elected in the province during Restauración, successful in his native city 5 times and later serving also in the Senate. The most elected Integrist candidate was José Sánchez Marco, representing Pamplona in 1907, 1910 and 1914; the other Integrists elected were Ramón Nocedal and Arturo Campión. The only deputy elected as independent Carlist was Justo Garrán Mosso, who ran when both Jaimistas and Integristas did not field official candidates. Two cases when the national Carlist leaders competed in Navarre were these of Bartolomé Feliu Pérez in 1910 and Luis Hernando de Larramendi in 1920, though there were local Navarrese leaders standing, like Simón Montoya Ortigosa (unsuccessfully) in the 1890s, or Gabino Martínez Lope García (successfully) in the 1910s. Two condes de Rodezno provided the only example of two generations - father and son - serving as Carlist Navarrese deputies.
  The candidate who gathered the highest number of votes was de Mella in 1907 (13.341) and in 1914 (11.338); the threshold of 10.000 votes was exceeded also by Sanchez Marco in 1907 (10.166) and by Sanz in 1891 (10.003); due to size of the constituency, all were cases of the Pamplona district. In terms of the percentage of votes gained the primacy goes to Llorens Fernandez, who was supported by 99.51% of the voters in Estella in 1907. Altogether there were 8 cases of Carlists gaining a mandate according to the notorious Article 29, i.e. with no counter-candidate standing: Lloréns from Estella in 1910, 1914 and 1916, Tomás Domínguez Romera from Aoiz in 1914, Vázquez de Mella and Sanchez Marco in 1910, Víctor Pradera in 1918 and Joaquín Baleztena in 1920 (all from Pamplona).
caption: Joaquín Lloréns
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