page_title: Horton-cum-Studley
section_title: Studley
hierarchical_section_title: Horton-cum-Studley / Manors and priory / Studley
caption_attribution_description: English: en:Studley Priory, Oxfordshire, Horton-cum-Studley, England. Photograph made by Michael C. Berch (User:MCB)Camera: Canon AE-1P. Film: Fujicolor 100
context_page_description: Horton-cum-Studley is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire about 6 ¹⁄₂ miles northeast of the centre of Oxford and bordering Otmoor, and is one of the "Seven Towns" of Otmoor. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 455.
  Although traditionally a rural community, according to the latest demographic data, it is now home to professionals who work in Oxford and the surrounding urban centers of Bicester, High Wycombe and West London. There are many younger professional families in the village because of a popular village school in nearby Beckley. A majority of residents in the village work in the Healthcare and Educational Sectors.
context_section_description: The founding date of the Benedictine Studley Priory is not known, but earliest known record of its existence is from 1176, when Bernard de St Valery granted half a hide of land at Horton to the priory. Studley's toponym is derived from Old English meaning "pasture for horses". The priory's foundation led to the abandonment of Ash in favour of a new hamlet of Studley that grew up next to the priory. At one time the priory had 50 nuns but by 1445 their number had fallen to nine. In 1520 there were still only 10 nuns and the priory to be significantly in debt. In 1530 the debt was £60 and the buildings were in disrepair.
  Under the Dissolution of the Monasteries Studley Priory surrendered its lands to the Crown in November 1539, which sold them off in February 1540. John Croke bought the priory's lands at Studley and Horton.
  In 1621 another Sir John Croke sold Studley to George Croke, who was a lawyer and in the 1630s defended John Hampden in the ship money case. Sir George died in 1642, leaving his estates to his wife for the remainder of her life, with reversion to their son Thomas and thence to other members of their immediate family. Thomas Croke was a Royalist in the English Civil War so Parliament sequestered his estates in 1644, but they were discharged in 1646.
  Sir Alexander Croke (1758–1842) succeeded to the estate in 1777. Alexander became a maritime lawyer and was the senior justice of the vice admiralty courts of Nova Scotia from 1801: a term of office that included the War of 1812 against the USA. Sir Alexander also wrote satirical verse, many letters and a genealogy of his family. In 1877 Sir Alexander's younger son John Croke sold Studley to John Henderson. In 1953 Studley was still in his family, with his grandson Captain John Henderson being lord of the manor.
caption: Studley Priory
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