page_title: Michael Kirby (judge)
section_title: UN Report into North Korean Human Rights Abuses
hierarchical_section_title: Michael Kirby (judge) / UN Report into North Korean Human Rights Abuses
caption_attribution_description: English: Michael Kirby, Chairman of the Commission of Inquiry on the DPRK. The United Nations Commission of Inquiry on North Korea formally presented its report to the Human Rights Council March 17, 2014. U.S. Mission Geneva/ Eric Bridiers
context_page_description: Michael Donald Kirby AC CMG is an Australian jurist and academic who is a former Justice of the High Court of Australia, serving from 1996 to 2009. He has remained active in retirement; in May 2013 he was appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council to lead an inquiry into human rights abuses in North Korea, which reported in February 2014.
context_section_description: In May 2013, the United Nations Human Rights Council appointed Kirby to lead a commission of inquiry into human rights abuses in North Korea, with Sonja Biserko and Marzuki Darusman.  The report is dated 7 February 2014.  It identifies "[s]ystematic, widespread and gross human rights violations" by a "totalitarian state", including "unspeakable atrocities" in the political prison camps.  It makes many recommendations for internal reform and international action, including prosecution of the North Korean leadership in the International Criminal Court or before an ad hoc international tribunal.
  As the report was being finalised, on 20 January 2014 Kirby wrote to North Korea's Supreme Leader, Kim Jong-un, informing him that he would be advising the United Nations to formally refer the situation in North Korea to the International Criminal Court, where Kim could be tried for his personal culpability as head of state and leader of the military, but proposing that the commission come to Pyongyang to discuss the issues with the North Korean government.
  At a press conference to launch the report, on 17 February 2014, Kirby said that there were "many parallels" between the evidence he had heard and crimes committed by the Nazis and their allies in the Second World War.  North Korea refused all co-operation with the inquiry and, just before the report was launched, issued a statement claiming that it was based upon "faked" material. On 22 April 2014 the official news agency of North Korea, KCNA, claimed that the "fabrications" are meant to "undermine the ideology and social system of the DPRK".
  Kirby remained involved in advocacy on issues of human rights in North Korea and the abduction of Japanese citizens, participating in symposia organised by the Japanese government in Geneva (September 2014) with a UN Human Rights Council Panel and in Tokyo (December 2015).  In May 2017, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star, "in recognition of his contribution to promoting understanding of the situation of Human Rights in North Korea in the international society including the issue of the abductions of Japanese nationals".  The honour was presented by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and Kirby received the additional honour of an audience with Akihito, the Emperor of Japan, at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo.  Kirby described the awarding of the honour to himself and former United Nations special rapporteur Marzuki Darusman as "a clear signal that the Japanese Government has not abandoned its determination to  pursue the crime against humanity involved in the abductions in the  international community and other crimes revealed in our report."
  In January 2015, one of the key witnesses to Kirby's inquiry, Shin Dong Hyuk, admitted that he had given false testimony. Having sworn that he had spent his childhood entirely in the notorious Camp 14, he changed his story to say that he had been transferred at the age of six to the nearby Camp 18. He said that he had changed his story after seeing his father (whom he had thought to be dead) on television. Shin apologised but gave few details. Shin earned considerable money from his best-selling book Escape from Camp 14 and was probably paid more by the South Korean Government. The BBC reported in 2017 that "the South Korean government was quadrupling the reward it pays defectors from the North who share information to $860,000 (£700,000)". Other defectors, including Ahn Chan-il, have spoken of payments for their media appearances.
caption: The commission of inquiry presided over by Kirby recommended that North Korean leadership be prosecuted for human rights violations.
exif: {"Image ImageDescription": "The United Nations Commission of Inquiry on North Korea formally presented its report to the Human Rights Council March 17, 2014.\n\nU.S. Mission Geneva/ Eric Bridiers", "Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS-1D X", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 8.2 (Macintosh)", "Image DateTime": "2014:03:17 15:32:07", "Image Artist": "U.S. Mission Geneva/ Eric Bridiers", "Image ExifOffset": "10110", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "854", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "9142", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/125", "EXIF FNumber": "4", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "800", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF RecommendedExposureIndex": "800", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2014:03:17 12:40:51", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2014:03:17 12:40:51", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "870723/125000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "4", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "4", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "155", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "85", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "85", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "1440", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "1440", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "3", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "173018000734", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[70, 200, 0/0, 0/0]", "EXIF LensModel": "EF70-200mm f/4L IS USM", "EXIF LensSerialNumber": "0000808c4c"}