page_title: Bashkortostan
section_title: Economy
hierarchical_section_title: Bashkortostan / Economy
caption_attribution_description: Русский: ВЭС Тюпкильды, Башкортостан. English: Tyupkildy wind park, Bashkortostan. Башҡортса: ЕЭС Төпкилде, Башҡортостан.
context_page_description: The Republic of Bashkortostan, also called Bashkiria, is a federal subject of Russia. It is located between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains. Its capital is the city of Ufa. With a population of 4,072,292 as of the 2010 Census, Bashkortostan is the most populous republic in Russia.
  Bashkortostan, the first ethnic autonomy in Russia, was established on 28 November [O.S. 15 November] 1917. On 20 March 1919, it was transformed into the Bashkir ASSR, the first Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in RSFSR.
  In accordance with the Constitution of Bashkortostan and Russian Federation Constitution, Bashkortostan is a state, but has no sovereignty. On 11 October 1990 Bashkortostan adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty, but subsequently abandoned it. 11 October is Republic Day in Bashkortostan.
context_section_description: Bashkortostan is one of the most developed regions of the Russian Federation in terms of its gross regional output, the volume of industrial production, agricultural production, and investment in fixed assets.
  The largest companies in the region include Bashneft (revenues of $9.57 billion in 2017), Ufa Engine Industrial Association (part of United Engine Corporation; $1.26 billion), Peton Holding ($1.04 billion), Bashkhim ($857.04 million), Ufaorgsintez ($473.09 million), Beloretsk Iron and Steel Works ($409.67 million).
  The extraction of crude oil in Bashkiria began in 1932. At the end of 1943 large crude oil deposits were discovered. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941 to 1945, Bashkiria became one of the major regions of the Soviet Union to accommodate plants and factories evacuated from Western Russia, as well as great masses of people, while also providing the country with weaponry, fuel, and foodstuffs. After the war, a number of industries developed further in Bashkiria, such as mining, machine-building and (especially) oil-refining. Bashkiria's industry became a solid base for the further economic growth of all European outlying territories of Russia.
  The economy of Bashkortostan, being one of the largest industrial centers of Russia, is very diverse. Bashkortostan has a large agricultural sector. But the republic's most important industry is chemical processing; Bashkortostan produces more oil than any other region of Russia, about 26 million tons annually, and provides 17% of the country's gasoline and 15% of its diesel fuel. Other important products manufactured in Bashkortostan include alcohols, pesticides, and plastics.
  Bashkortostan's gross regional product (GRP) in 2016 was 1.34 trillion rubles, making the republic the subject with the ninth-highest GRP in Russia. The state had a positive trade balance, with $13.7 billion exported and $1.2 billion imported in 2013. 82.9% of enterprises in Bashkortostan are profitable, higher than the nationwide average of 68.42%. Bashkortostan has been recognized as the subject with the lowest economic risk.
  Bashkortostan is among the leaders in real estate development, developed electric power industry and tourism.
  According to Forbes, Ufa is the best city in Russia for business among cities with a population of over one million (2013).
caption: Tyupkildy wind park
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