page_title: Multiple exposure
section_title: Iskiography
hierarchical_section_title: Multiple exposure / Multiple exposure techniques / Iskiography
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Bilder aus der Sonderausstellung "AIRLINES · Vogelspuren in der Luft  · Iskiographien von Lothar Schiffler" im Museum Mensch und Natur, Schloss Nymphenburg, 2016. Abgebildete Iskiographien v.l.n.r: AIRLINES XIV-3 · Möwen · Nähe Petersplatz · Rom · 2014 AIRLINES XIV-1 · Möwe vor der Silhouette von Korsika · Pomonte · Elba · 2014 AIRLINES XIV-9 · Möwen vor der Silhouette von Korsika · Pomonte · Elba · 2014 AIRLINES XIV-10 · Möwen in der Bucht von Pomonte · Elba · 2014 English: Pictures from the special exhibition "AIRLINES · Bird Tracks in the Air · Iskiographies by Lothar Schiffler" in the Museum of Man and Nature, Nymphenburg Palace, 2016. Iskiographies shown from left to right: AIRLINES XIV-3 · Möwen · Nähe Petersplatz · Rom · 2014 AIRLINES XIV-1 · Möwe vor der Silhouette von Korsika · Pomonte · Elba · 2014 AIRLINES XIV-9 · Möwen vor der Silhouette von Korsika · Pomonte · Elba · 2014 AIRLINES XIV-10 · Möwen in der Bucht von Pomonte · Elba · 2014
context_page_description: In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.
context_section_description: Iskiography (from Medieval Greek ἥσκιος iskios, "shadow" and γράφειν graphein, "write") is a computerized video processing technique, used to depict, in a single image, the tracks of bird flight paths recorded in numerous video frames, invented by German photographer Lothar Schiffler.
  The digital processing takes advantage of the silhouette effect of photographing flying birds against the bright sky, combining the bird images from multiple video frames into a single multiple exposure photograph. The software, developed by Nikolai Klassen, solves the challenges of selecting the best subset from the thousands of frames captured in the 50 frame per second video, and of removing the disruptive silhouettes of insects flying close to the camera.
  Lothar presented his photo-art project "AIRLINES - Bird Tracks in the Air" at the Fifth International Swift Conference, held in March 2018 in Tel Aviv.
caption: Iskiographies displayed in Lothar's exhibition "AIRLINES · Bird Tracks in the Air at the Museum of Man and Nature, Nymphenburg Palace, 2016.
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