page_title: Guantanamo Bay detention camp
section_title: "Camp Justice"
hierarchical_section_title: Guantanamo Bay detention camp / Guantanamo military commission / "Camp Justice"
caption_attribution_description: Site of "Camp Justice", Guantanamo, where the military commissions will be convened.
context_page_description: The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and Gitmo, which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Indefinite detention without trial and torture have led the operations of this camp to be considered a major breach of human rights by Amnesty International and a violation of Due Process Clause of the Fifth and Fourteenth amendments of the United States Constitution.
  The camp was established by US President George W. Bush's administration in 2002 during the War on Terror. His successor, Barack Obama, promised that he would close it, but met strong bipartisan opposition from the US Congress, which passed laws to prohibit detainees from Guantanamo being imprisoned in the U.S. During Obama's administration, the number of inmates was reduced from about 245 to 41; most former detainees were freed and transferred to other countries.
  In January 2018, US President Donald Trump signed an executive order to keep the detention camp open indefinitely. In May 2018, the first prisoner was transferred during Trump's term. 40 detainees remain at Guantanamo Bay.
context_section_description: In 2007, Camp Justice was the informal name granted to the complex where Guantánamo detainees would face charges before the Guantanamo military commissions, as authorized by the Military Commissions Act of 2006.  It was named by Sgt Neil Felver of the 122 Civil Engineering Squadron in a contest. Initially the complex was to be a permanent facility, costing over $100 million. The United States Congress overruled the Bush presidency's plans. The camp was redesigned as a portable, temporary facility, costing approximately $10 million.
  On 2 January 2008, the Toronto Star reporter Michelle Shephard offered an account of the security precautions that reporters go through before they can attend the hearings:
  Reporters were not allowed to bring in more than one pen;
  Female reporters were frisked if they wore underwire bras;
  Reporters were not allowed to bring in their traditional coil-ring notepads;
  The bus bringing reporters to the hearing room is checked for explosives before it leaves;
  200 meters from the hearing room, reporters dismount, pass through metal detectors, and are sniffed by chemical detectors for signs of exposure to explosives;
  Eight reporters are allowed into the hearing room—the remainder watch over closed circuit television.
  On 1 November 2008, David McFadden of the Associated Press stated the 100 tents erected to hold lawyers, reporters and observers were practically deserted when he and two other reporters covered the military commission for Ali Hamza al-Bahlul in late October 2008.
  Three detainees have been convicted by military court of various charges:
  David Hicks, an Australian citizen, was found guilty in a plea bargain, of providing material support for terrorism in 2001, according to his military lawyer under retrospective legislation introduced in 2006. On 18 February 2015, David Hicks' appeal against his conviction was upheld by the United States Military Commission Review and his conviction was overturned.
  Salim Hamdan was convicted of being Osama bin Laden's chauffeur. After his release, he appealed his case. On 16 October 2012, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacated Hamdan's conviction, on the grounds that the acts he was charged with under the Military Commissions Act of 2006 were not, in fact, crimes at the time he committed them, rendering it an ex post facto prosecution.
  Ali al-Bahlul was convicted of making a video celebrating the attack on the USS Cole.
caption: Tents where visiting lawyers, human rights observers, and reporters were to stay when watching or participating in the Military Commissions
exif: {}