page_title: Phospholipase
hierarchical_section_title: Phospholipase
caption_attribution_description: self-made in chemdraw.
context_page_description: A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C and D, which are distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze:
  Phospholipase A
  Phospholipase A1 – cleaves the SN-1 acyl chain.
  Phospholipase A2 – cleaves the SN-2 acyl chain, releasing arachidonic acid.
  Phospholipase B – cleaves both SN-1 and SN-2 acyl chains; this enzyme is also known as a lysophospholipase.
  Phospholipase C – cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. Phospholipase Cs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate.
  Phospholipase D – cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol.
  Types C and D are considered phosphodiesterases.
  Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase.
  Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyses the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees and viper snakes.
context_section_description: A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C and D, which are distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze:
  Phospholipase A
  Phospholipase A1 – cleaves the SN-1 acyl chain (where SN refers to stereospecific numbering).
  Phospholipase A2 – cleaves the SN-2 acyl chain, releasing arachidonic acid.
  Phospholipase B – cleaves both SN-1 and SN-2 acyl chains; this enzyme is also known as a lysophospholipase.
  Phospholipase C – cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. Phospholipase Cs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger inositol triphosphate.
  Phospholipase D – cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol.
  Types C and D are considered phosphodiesterases.
  Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase.
  Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyses the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees and viper snakes.
caption: Phospholipase cleavage sites. An enzyme that displays both PLA1 and PLA2 activities is called a Phospholipase B.
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