page_title: Ten thousand years
section_title: Vietnam
hierarchical_section_title: Ten thousand years / Vietnam
caption_attribution_description: Line-up of visitors into Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum.
context_page_description: In various East Asian languages, the phrase "ten thousand years" is used to wish long life, and is typically translated as "Long live" in English. The phrase originated in ancient China as an expression used to wish long life to the emperor. Due to the political and cultural influence of China in the area, and in particular of the Chinese language, cognates with similar meanings and usage patterns have appeared in many East Asian languages. In some countries, this phrase is mundanely used when expressing feeling of triumph, typically shouted by crowds.
context_section_description: In Vietnamese, "vạn tuế" is the phrase cognate to the Chinese wàn suì and is the Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese: 萬歲. However, this word is rarely used in the modern language, appearing instead only in China-related contexts (such as in "vạn tuế, vạn tuế, vạn vạn tuế"—compare to Chinese usage, above). In other situations, "muôn năm" is used instead, and is frequently heard in communist slogans, such as "Hồ Chí Minh muôn năm!" (Long life to Ho Chi Minh) and "Đảng cộng sản muôn năm!" (Long live the Communist party). Just like the Japanese banzai, it is said 3 times.
  Muôn is the Old Sino-Vietnamese reading of the Chinese character 萬 (Sino-Vietnamese reading: vạn).
  Tuổi is the Old Sino-Vietnamese reading of the Chinese character 歲 (Sino-Vietnamese reading: tuế). It is derived from the pronunciation of this character in Middle Chinese.
  Năm is a native Vietnamese word that inherited from the Proto-Mon-Khmer language (cognates with Khmer ឆ្នាំ and Mon သၞာံ).
  There are many ways to write the words muôn tuổi, muôn năm in chữ Nôm characters, for example:
  muôn tuổi: 萬歲, 𨷈[⿰歲年], 𨷈歲, 𨷈[⿰歲年], [⿱万門]歲, 門[⿰歲年], etc.
  muôn năm: 萬年, 𨷈𢆥 (), 㥃[⿰南林], 門南, etc.
caption: A banner at the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum proclaiming "Ten thousand years to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam!"
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