page_title: Solanaceae
section_title: Solanoideae
hierarchical_section_title: Solanaceae / Taxonomy / Solanoideae
caption_attribution_description: English: Single flower of Latua pubiflora, 'Árbol de los Brujos' ( =Tree of the Sorcerers ), the single species in the monotypic genus Latua, belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae and endemic to the coastal mountains of the southwest of Chile. A strongly poisonous and hallucinogenic shrub used by the machi ( = shamans ) of the Mapuche people.
context_page_description: The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many—including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and chili peppers—are used as food. The family belongs to the order Solanales, in the asterid group and class Magnoliopsida. The Solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology.
  The name Solanaceae derives from the genus Solanum, "the nightshade plant". The etymology of the Latin word is unclear. The name may come from a perceived resemblance of certain solanaceous flowers to the sun and its rays. At least one species of Solanum is known as the "sunberry". Alternatively, the name could originate from the Latin verb solare, meaning "to soothe", presumably referring to the soothing pharmacological properties of some of the psychoactive species of the family.
context_section_description: Capsiceae Dumort
  Capsicum L. includes 40 accepted neotropical species
  Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassler, some 200 species distributed throughout America and Asia
  Datureae G.Don, two genera are perfectly differentiated at both the morphological and molecular levels, Brugmansia includes tree species, while Datura contains herbs or shrubs, the latter genus can be divided into three sections: Stramonium, Dutra and Ceratocaulis. The monotypic genus Trompettia has recently been created to accommodate the Bolivian shrub formerly known as Iochroma cardenasianum - now known to belong to Datureae and not Physaleae as previously thought.
  Brugmansia Persoon, six species from the Andes
  Datura L., 12 neotropical species
  Trompettia J.Dupin, Single species from Andean Bolivia
  Hyoscyameae Endl.
  Anisodus Link, four species from China, India and the Himalayas
  Archihyoscyamus A.M.Lu, single species from Turkey and Iran.
  Atropa L., four Euro-Asiatic species
  Atropanthe Pascher, monotypic genus from China
  Hyoscyamus L., 10 accepted species distributed from the Mediterranean to China
  Physochlaina  G.Don, 6 accepted Euro-Asiatic species
  Przewalskia Maxim., one species from China
  Scopolia Jacq., disjunct distribution with two European species and two from East Asia.
  Jaboroseae Miers
  Jaborosa Juss., genus that includes 23 species from South America.
  Solandreae Miers
  Subtribe Juanulloinae consists 10 genera of trees and epiphytic shrubs with a neotropical distribution . Some of these genera (Dyssochroma, Merinthopodium and Trianaea) show a clear dependency on various species of bats both for pollination and dispersion of seeds.
  Dyssochroma Miers, two species from the south of Brazil
  Ectozoma Miers
  Hawkesiophyton Hunz.
  Juanulloa Ruiz & Pav., 11 species from South and Central America
  Markea Rich., 9 species from South and Central America
  Merinthopodium J. Donn. Sm. three species originating from South America
  Rahowardiana D' Arcy
  Schultesianthus Hunz., eight neotropical species
  Trianaea Planch. & Linden, six South American species
  Subtribe Solandrinae, a monotypical subtribe, differs from Juanulloinae in that its embryos have incumbent cotyledons and semi-inferior ovaries.
  Solandra Sw., 10 species from the neotropical regions of America
  Lycieae Hunz. has three genera of woody plants, which grow in arid or semiarid climates. The cosmopolitan genus Lycium is the oldest in the tribe and it has the greatest morphological variability. Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest both Grabowskia and Phrodus should be included in the Lycium, and this genus, along with Nolana and Sclerophylax, form a clade (Lyciina), which currently lacks a taxonomic category. The red fleshy berries dispersed by birds are the main type of fruit in Lycium. The different types of fruit in this genus have evolved from the type of berry just mentioned to a drupe with a reduced number of seeds.
  Grabowskia Schltdl., three species from South America
  Lycium L., 83 cosmopolitan species
  Phrodus Miers, two species endemic to the north of Chile
  Mandragoreae (Wettst.) Hunz. & Barboza tribe does not have a defined systematic position according to molecular phylogenetic studies.
  Mandragora L., two species from Eurasia
  Nicandreae Wettst. is a tribe with two South American genera. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate the genera are not interrelated nor are they related with other genera of the family, so their taxonomic position is uncertain.
  Exodeconus Raf., six species from western South America
  Nicandra Adans, one species distributed throughout neotropical regions
  Nolaneae Rchb. are mostly herbs and small shrubs with succulent leaves, they have very beautiful flowers that range from white to various shades of blue, their fruit is schizocarpal, giving rise to various nuts.
  Nolana L., 89 species distributed throughout western South America
  Physaleae Miers, is a large tribe that is the sister of Capsiceae.
  Subtribe Iochrominae (Miers) Hunz., a clade within the Physaleae tribe. contains 37 species, mainly distributed in the Andes, assigned to six genera. The members of this subtribe are characterized b
caption: Latua pubiflora subfamily Solanoideae
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