page_title: Borsod County
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Borsod County / History
caption_attribution_description: Magyar: Borsod, Gömör és Kishont k.e.e. vármegye kialakítása 1923-ban. 1 Abaúj-Torna, 2 Zemplén, 3 Szabolcs, 4 Hajdú, 5 Heves, 6 Nógrád, 7 Gömörtől Nógrádhoz 1923-ban, 8 Gömörtől Borsodhoz 1938-ban, 9 Gömör és Kishont, 10 Borsod, 11 Miskolc, 12 mai megyehatár, 13 megszűnt 1914-es megyehatár
context_page_description: Borsod was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc. After World War II, the county was merged with the Hungarian parts of Abaúj-Torna and Zemplén counties to form Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county.
context_section_description: Borsod is one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the early history of the Kingdom of Hungary each county (in Latin comitatus) formed around a castle (the majority of these castles were motte castles; most of the stone-built castles were constructed after the Mongol invasion of Hungary in the mid-13th century). The castle – which stood near modern-day Edelény – bore the name of its first steward, Bors, who lived during the reigns of either High Prince Géza or his son Stephen I.
  The county's borders became permanent in the early 14th century, when the neighbouring Torna County was formed, and they remained basically unchanged for the next six hundred years. Judging from the place names, originally the majority of the population were ethnic Hungarians, but later other groups immigrated to the area too: Pechenegs (in the late 10th/early 11th century) and úz groups (11th–12th century). This is also evident from place names like Szirmabesenyő (besenyő is the Hungarian word for Pecheneg) and Ózd (from "úz").
  The parishes of the county belonged to the Diocese of Eger from the beginning. Several monasteries were founded in the region, in Százd (by the Aba clan, 11th century), Boldva (by the queen, 12th century), Kács (by the Örsúr clan), Tapolca (by the Miskolc clan), Bélháromkút (by the Bishop of Eger, after 1232).
  The Battle of Mohi – marking the beginning of the Mongol invasion which had a disastrous effect on Hungary – took place in Borsod county, near the village of Muhi, on 11 April 1241. The Mongols defeated the army of King Béla IV. During the two-year invasion, 16 of the county's 69 villages were completely destroyed.
  In 1248, when King Béla ordered stone castles to be built throughout the kingdom, several new castles were constructed in Borsod county too (Cserépvár, Csorbakő, Dédes, Diósgyőr, Éleskő), many in places of former, destroyed motte castles. The monastery of Boldva was destroyed during a second Mongol invasion in 1285.
  In the papal tithe registers from 1332–1335, the county is mentioned as having 91 parishes. The county had about 240 villages at that time. Before the battle of Mohács (1526), which marks the beginning of the Ottoman occupation of Hungary (lasting for over 160 years) the county had 13 castles, 13 market towns (oppidum, including Miskolc and Mezőkövesd) and 250 villages, owned by 235 different feudal lords including dioceses and monasteries. The steward of the county was the captain of the Castle of Diósgyőr.
  In 1566, the Ottomans occupied the castles of Dédes and Diósgyőr, and after the Battle of Mezőkeresztes ( 26–28 October 1596) they occupied Miskolc too. These areas were under Ottoman control until 1687.
  In the next century, an important historical event of Prince Rákóczi's freedom fight took place in the county: the Diet of Ónod, where Hungary was declared independent of Habsburg rule, was held here, next to the village of Ónod, on 18 June 1707.
  In 1724, it was decided that the county hall of Borsod would be built in Miskolc, thus the town officially became the seat of the county. The building was constructed between 1825–1827.
  There were some minor changes in the area of the county during the 19th century: between 1807 and 1812 the villages Szőlőske, Cegléd, Tihamér, Almagyar, Felnémet and Bekölce (many of these are today city parts of Eger) were annexed to the neighbouring Heves county, while Egerfarmos, Ivánka, Szőkepuszta and the mill of Kistálya were annexed from Heves to Borsod. In 1850 several other towns and villages of Borsod were annexed to neighbouring counties: Andornak, Kistálya and Felsőtárkány to Heves, Domaháza and Sikátor to Gömör and Kishont. Onga, formerly belonging to Abaúj county, and Külsőböcs, formerly of Zemplén county, became parts of Borsod. In 1907 Miskolc was granted the rank of city with municipal rights, becoming de jure independent from Borsod county.
  In 1910, the county had 289,492 inhabitants (281,871 Hungarians, 2,379 Germans, 4,115 Slovaks; 160,699 Roman Catholics, 14,086 Greek Catholics, 7,299 Evangelicals, 88,856 Calvinists, 18,346 Jews
caption: Borsod (10)  and Gömör-Kishont (9) counties after the Treaty of Trianon. In 1923, the two counties were merged to form Borsod-Gömör County. (6) Nógrád County (7) territory assigned from Gömör-Kishont County to Nógrád County in 1921. (8) territory assigned from Gömör-Kishont County to Borsod County in 1938. (11) the city of Miskolc (urban county).
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