page_title: Cades Cove
section_title: The National Park
hierarchical_section_title: Cades Cove / History / The National Park
caption_attribution_description: English: Cades Cove in Winter
context_page_description: Cades Cove is an isolated valley located in the Tennessee section of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. The valley was home to numerous settlers before the formation of the national park. Today Cades Cove, the single most popular destination for visitors to the park, attracts more than two million visitors a year because of its well preserved homesteads, scenic mountain views, and abundant display of wildlife. The Cades Cove Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
context_section_description: Of all the Smoky Mountain communities, Cades Cove put up the most resistance to the formation of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The cove residents were initially assured their land would not be incorporated into the park, and welcomed its formation.  By 1927, the winds had changed, however, and when the Tennessee General Assembly passed a bill approving money to buy land for the national park, it gave the Park Commission the power to seize properties within the proposed park boundaries by eminent domain. Long-time residents of Cades Cove were outraged.  The head of the Park Commission, Colonel David Chapman, received several threats, including an anonymous phone call warning him that if he ever returned to Cades Cove, he would "spend the next night in hell."  Shortly thereafter, Chapman found a sign near the cove's entrance that read {sic}:
  COL. CHAPMAN: YOU AND HOAST ARE NOTFY, LET THE COVE PEOPL ALONE.  GET OUT.  GET 
  GONE.  40 M. LIMIT.  
  The "40 mile" (64 km) limit referred to the distance between Cades Cove and Chapman's hometown of Knoxville.  Despite these threats, Chapman initiated a condemnation suit against John W. Oliver in July 1929.  The court, however, ruled in favor of Oliver, reasoning that the federal government had never said Cades Cove was essential to the national park.  Shortly after the verdict, the Secretary of the Interior officially announced that the cove was necessary, and another condemnation suit was filed.  This time, Oliver lost, with the case going all the way to the Tennessee Supreme Court. Oliver would return to court several times over the value of his 375-acre (1.5 km²) tract, which he said was worth $30,000, although the court awarded him just $17,000 plus interest.  After attaining a series of one-year leases, Oliver finally abandoned his property on Christmas Day in 1937.  The Primitive Baptist Church congregation continued to meet in Cades Cove until the 1960s in defiance of the Park Service, which wanted to develop the land where their church was located.
  For about one hundred years before the creation of the national park, much farming and logging was done in the valley, as the main source of economic development for the people living in the cove, both leading to massive deforestation. At first, the National Park Service planned to let the cove return to its natural forested state. It ultimately yielded to requests by the Great Smoky Mountain Conservation Association to maintain Cades Cove as a meadow. On the advice of contemporary cultural experts such as Hans Huth, the service demolished the more modern structures, leaving only the primitive cabins and barns which were considered most representative of pioneer life in early Appalachia.
caption: A dreary winter view of Cades Cove
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