page_title: Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra
section_title: Carlist: later years
hierarchical_section_title: Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra / Carlist: later years
caption_attribution_description: Español: Actos celebrados en San Sebastián con motivo de la visita del dictador Francisco Franco y el conde Ciano, ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de la Italia fascistaEuskara: Donostian Francisco Franco diktadorearen eta Galeazzo Ciano konde eta Italia faxistako Kanpo Gaietako ministroaren bisitan egindako ospakizunak (1939ko uztaila)
context_page_description: Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra, Count of Urquijo, in Basque self-styled as Julio Urkixokoa, was a Basque linguist, cultural activist, and a Spanish Carlist politician. As a Traditionalist deputy he twice served in the Cortes, during the terms of 1903-1905 and 1931-1933, though the climax of his political activity fell on the late Restoration period. As a scientist he was the moving spirit behind settting up numerous vascologist institutions, especially Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos and Sociedad de Estudios Vascos. Himself he specialized in Basque paremiology and bibliography. He opposed academy-driven unification of Basque dialects and preferred to wait until standard Basque emerges naturally.
context_section_description: In the 1910s Urquijo's engagement in Carlism decreased as he was consumed by Basque cultural initiatives, though in 1919 he found time to confront the rebellious Mellistas. Having moved from France and settled in San Sebastián, he is not known as active in Carlist structures in final years of the Restoration period or during the Primo de Rivera dictatorship. It was not in relation to party politics that his political preferences were mentioned, but rather when discussing his engagement in Sociedad de Estudios Vascos – e.g. in 1917 described as "caracterizado jaimista", because of his historical research – e.g. in 1925 quoted discussing Gipuzkoan Traditionalist past, or in wake of his honorable appointments – e.g. in 1929 presenting him as sort of atypical Carlist when admitted to Real Academia Española.
  During the 1931 elections the Carlists were negotiating alliance with PNV; already an iconic figure of the Basque cultural movement, Urquijo emerged as an excellent candidate, though it seems that he was more difficult to accept for the Carlists rather than for the nationalists. Officially a católico-fuerista candidate he emerged victorious from Gipuzkoa and joined the Basque-Carlist minority. As political tension mounted he is reported as "not uninterested in the idea of a general Catholic rising", though insurrectional concept has not even passed to the planning phase; Urquijo was also noted for intransigent defense of Catholic Church. It is not clear whether legal action against Urquijo, considered by the Cortes, had anything to do with conspiracy or whether it was rather related to his engagement in the conflict between Republican authorities and the primate Segura. 
  The question of autonomy status for the Vasco-Navarrese area fuelled the row between nationalists and Carlists and divided the Carlists themselves. Urquijo is listed neither among its key opponents nor among its key proponents; even detailed studies dedicated to Carlist-Basque negotiations on the autonomy do not mention Urquijo as engaged, either during the initial phase when SEV drafted its autonomy plan or during the last-minute attempt to rescue the project by Elorza and Arregui. Urquijo represented the Carlists on the key assembly, gathering deputies and local Vasco-Navarrese mayors, and left before the end of "disagreeable session"; soon afterwards the Catholic-fuerista minority disintegrated altogether.
  In the 1933 electoral campaign renewing the Carlists-Basque alliance was already unthinkable and Urquijo was not needed as a candidate. None of the sources consulted provides any information on Urquijo's political activities during final years of the Republic or whether he was anyhow involved in preparations to the 1936 coup. At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War he was in San Sebastián, where the rebels failed; though not detained, fearing for his life Urquijo fled. He re-emerged in Gipuzkoa when the province was already captured by the Nationalists, but refrained from political activity. Though obituaries claimed that he "militió siempre en las filas del Tradicionalismo español" no study confirms (or denies) that he remained a Carlist also in the 1940s.
caption: Donostia, 1939
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