page_title: List of German inventors and discoverers
section_title: F
hierarchical_section_title: List of German inventors and discoverers / F
caption_attribution_description: English: Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826); 73:59 cm Deutsch: Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), Optiker; 73:59 cm
context_page_description: This is a list of German inventors and discoverers. The following list comprises people from Germany or German-speaking Europe, and also people of predominantly German heritage, in alphabetical order of the surname.
context_section_description: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit: Fahrenheit, temperature scale, Fahrenheit hydrometer
  Gerd Faltings: Mathematician known for his work in arithmetic algebraic geometry, Fields Medal in 1986 for proving the Mordell conjecture.
  Otto Feick: Wheel gymnastics in 1925.
  Wilhelm Emil Fein: Invented the electrically-driven hand drill in 1895.
  Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick: Glass Contact lenses
  Richard Fiedler: Invented the modern flamethrower in 1901.
  Artur Fischer: Invented the (split) wallplug made of plastic in 1958. He invented flash light photography. Fischer held over 1100 patents and currently holds the records for most patents for any single human, even more than Thomas Alva Edison. Further inventions are (bone-)plugs for fixing bone fractures and one of Fischer's most recent inventions is a gadget that makes it possible to hold and cut the top off an egg of any size.
  Hermann Emil Fischer: German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered the Fischer esterification. He developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms. He is known for study of sugars & purines.
  Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch: Invented a process in 1925 to turn coal into synthesis gas, and still further into liquid hydrocarbons. The process is a key component in modern gas to liquids processes.
  Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig: He discovered the pinacol coupling reaction, mesitylene, diacetyl and biphenyl.
  Irmgard Flügge-Lotz: She worked on what she called "discontinuous automatic control", which laid the foundation for automatic on-off aircraft control systems in jets.
  Werner Forssmann: Performed the first human cardiac catheterisation. Shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine 1956
  Joachim Frank: co-invented cryo-electron microscopy. Shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2017
  Joseph von Fraunhofer: Discovery of the dark absorption lines known as Fraunhofer lines in the Sun's spectrum, which laid foundation for modern astronomy and astrophysics, and for making excellent optical glass and achromatic telescope lenses.
  Gottlob Frege: He is generally considered to be the father of analytic philosophy. Had influence on Carnap, Russell, and Wittgenstein
  Otto Frenzl: Aeronautical pioneer, developed the area rule in 1943, a design technique for airfoils used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds. Later it was independently developed again by Richard T. Whitcomb in 1952.
  Sigmund Freud: Neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis.
  Nikolaus Friedreich: Discovery of Friedreich-Auerbach disease (together with Leopold Auerbach)
  Friedrich Fröbel:  Pedagogue, who laid the foundation for modern education. He created the concept of the kindergarten.
  Klaus Fuchs: Theoretical physicist involved with the Manhattan Project; at the same time Soviet spy.
  Johann Carl Fuhlrott: Had the insight to recognize the Neanderthal bones for what they were: the remains of a previously unknown type of humans. He (together with Schaafhausen) is considered to be the father of paleoanthropology.
caption: Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787 - 1826)
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