page_title: Um (cuneiform)
hierarchical_section_title: Um (cuneiform)
caption_attribution_description: ArtistUnknownDescription Ayyab Letters-EA364 (Front) showing: "7 and 7 times" formula(line 5) Terra Cotta Line 1--a-na, LUGAL-EN-ia Line 2--um-ma, A-iYA-aB-(Ayyab) Line 3--ARAD-ka, (Servant-yours), a-na-ku, ARAD-(I, (I am)- Servant, (doubling, for forcefulness), (then-(l.4), "at feet")) Line 4--GÌR-MEŠ , (Foot-(s)-Plural (feet)), EN-ia Line 5--7-šu-7, (7 and 7...times...) Line 7--LUGAL, (king) Line 11--LUGAL, (king) Line 12--a-na ia--ši, ("to me"=(iaši(Akkadian)), (ia--ši)) (from l.13,hand Tahmassi)) Line 13--qa-ti, (Hand...(of) A-tah-ma-ia (Tahmassi)) Current location Louvre Museum &#160;&#160;&#160; (Inventory)Native nameMusée du LouvreLocationParisCoordinates48°&#160;51′&#160;37″&#160;N, 2°&#160;20′&#160;15″&#160;E Established1793Web pagewww.louvre.frAuthority control : Q19675 VIAF: 257711507 ISNI: 0000 0001 2260 177X ULAN: 500125189 LCCN: n80020283 NLA: 35912436 WorldCat Sully, Rez-de-chaussée, Levant, Salle D, Vitrine 4&#160;: L'âge du bronze récent 1550 - 1150 avant J.-C.Accession numberAO 7094 . Also known as EA 364Credit lineAcquired in 1918Referenceslouvre.frSource/PhotographerRama Ayyab Letters-EA364 (Front) showing: "7 and 7 times" formula(line 5) Terra Cotta Line 1--a-na, LUGAL-EN-ia Line 2--um-ma, A-iYA-aB-(Ayyab) Line 3--ARAD-ka, (Servant-yours), a-na-ku, ARAD-(I, (I am)- Servant, (doubling, for forcefulness), (then-(l.4), "at feet")) Line 4--GÌR-MEŠ , (Foot-(s)-Plural (feet)), EN-ia Line 5--7-šu-7, (7 and 7...times...) Line 7--LUGAL, (king) Line 11--LUGAL, (king) Line 12--a-na ia--ši, ("to me"=(iaši(Akkadian)), (ia--ši)) (from l.13,hand Tahmassi)) Line 13--qa-ti, (Hand...(of) A-tah-ma-ia (Tahmassi))
context_page_description: The cuneiform alphabetic um sign, also dup, tup, ṭup, and DUB, the Sumerogram, for Akkadian language "ṭuppu", is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the Amarna letters as um, it is found as um-ma in the introduction of the letters as "Message"....
  In specific texts with dialogue, for example Amarna letter EA 19, Love and Gold, an extensive discussion is made by the king of Babylon about his father, ancestry, friendship between kings, envoys, women, etc., and consequently the dialogue is preceded by um-ma, then the dialogue by the messenger.
context_section_description: The cuneiform alphabetic um sign, also dup, tup, ṭup, and DUB, the Sumerogram (logogram), for Akkadian language "ṭuppu", (= the clay tablet), is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the Amarna letters as um, it is found as um-ma in the introduction of the letters as "Message (thus)"...(and then the PN (personal name) of the individual sending, or authoring the letter).
  In specific texts with dialogue, for example Amarna letter EA 19, Love and Gold, an extensive discussion is made by the king of Babylon about his father, ancestry, friendship between kings, envoys, women (for the harem, or wife), etc., and consequently the dialogue is preceded by um-ma ("quote"), then the dialogue by the messenger, (or the king).
caption: Amarna letter EA 364, Ayyab to Pharaoh. 
  In Line 2, "um-ma", "message (thus)"...Ayyab. 
  (high resolution, expandible photo)
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "2336", "Image ImageLength": "3504", "Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS-1D Mark II", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Kipi JPEGLossLess-0.1.3", "Image DateTime": "2007:10:20 13:57:29", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image ExifOffset": "245", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "10045", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "2647", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/80", "EXIF FNumber": "14/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Shutter Priority", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "800", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2007:10:20 13:57:29", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2007:10:20 13:57:29", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "51/8", "EXIF ApertureValue": "3", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "-2/3", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "100", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2336", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "3504", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "9921", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "220000/71", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "585500/189", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard"}