page_title: Cyclone Waste Heat Engine
section_title: Auxiliary equipment
hierarchical_section_title: Cyclone Waste Heat Engine / Engine construction and operation / Auxiliary equipment
caption_attribution_description: English: Diagram showing the basic layout of a Rankine cycle; Fluid is pumped to high pressure going from state 1 to 2. Heat is added in the boiler by the burning of fuel (although heat can be added by any method) boiling the fluid to state 3. The vapour expands through the turbine dropping significantly in pressure and temperature to state 4. Finally the vapour is condensed back to a liquid and fed back in the pump. Русский: Структурная схема паросиловой установки с использованием классического цикла Ренкина. 1 – Конденсат рабочего тела после конденсатора; 2 – жидкое рабочее тело после конденсатора перед испарителем; 3 – пар рабочего тела перед тепловой машиной, например, турбиной; 4 – пар отработавшего рабочего тела на входе в конденсатор; Q &#x02D9; i n {\displaystyle {\dot {Q}}_{in}} – подаваемая в испаритель; Q &#x02D9; o u t {\displaystyle {\dot {Q}}_{out}} – тепловая мощность, отбираемая от конденсатора; W &#x02D9; t {\displaystyle {\dot {W}}_{t}} – полезная механическая мощность тепловой машины; W &#x02D9; p {\displaystyle {\dot {W}}_{p}} – механическая мощность, затрачиваемая на подачу под давлением рабочего тела в испаритель.
context_page_description: The Cyclone Waste Heat Engine is a small steam engine developed to produce power from steam created from waste heat. It is an offshoot of the development of the Cyclone Mark V Engine by the company Cyclone Power Technologies of Pampano Beach, Florida. The original versions were designed by inventor Harry Schoell, founder of Cyclone Power Technologies and the later versions have been designed by the Ohio State University Center for Automotive Research.
  In July 2014, Cyclone Power Technologies separated its waste heat engine product into the separate WHE Generation Corporation, which does business under the trade name Q2Power, Inc., of Lancaster, Ohio.
context_section_description: Expander: A steam engine is just one component in a Rankine cycle power system.  The figure of the Rankine cycle at the right shows a turbine rather than a reciprocating piston engine between states 3 and 4, but either device acts as the expander stage in the cycle.
  Condenser: The device between states 4 and 1 is the condenser.  It removes heat from the engine exhaust steam to condense it back into water.  In the case of the WHE-25 engine in the previous sub-section, of the 146.5 kW of heat energy supplied in the initial steam, 10 kW was converted into electricity.  That leaves 146.5 - 10 = 136.5 kW of heat energy to be removed by the condenser.  As a point of comparison, a Caterpillar C13 diesel engine that is commonly used in tractor-trailer trucks has a heat rejection to coolant rating of 128 kW.  Thus, a condenser for the WHE-25 engine producing 10 kW of power would be about the size of the radiator on a semi-truck.  The newer WHE-DR is likely less efficient, so would need an even bigger condenser for the same output power.
  The condenser requires enough airflow to take away the heat.  A fan is usually used to create this airflow, and its power consumption reduces the net power available from the system.
  Feed water pump: The condensed water is stored in a tank, then pumped to high pressure by the feed water pump, states 1 to 2 in the figure.  This pump requires a source of power, as well as a control system so that it pumps the proper amount of water to compensate for the amount of steam put into the engine.
  Boiler: Heat is added to the water in the boiler to create the steam, states 2 to 3 in the figure.  Boilers are sometimes called steam generators, and Cyclone Power Technologies has used the term "Combustion Chamber/Heat Exchanger" or "CCHX".  Regardless of the name used, if the system pressure is greater than 15 psi (1 bar) and heat is added, the device is legally a boiler.  All states in the United States except Idaho and Wyoming and all provinces in Canada have legally adopted the requirement for boilers to be registered with the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors.  Registration includes the requirements that the boiler's design be approved as meeting the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC), must be constructed in a facility currently authorized by ASME to construct such boilers, must be installed and tested to the approval of a National Board inspector, and, is required to undergo periodic inspections at the owner's expense.
  The jurisdiction may also require the installation be operated by a licensed stationary engineer, as well as be covered by sufficient liability insurance.
  The reason for such scrutiny is because of the catastrophic losses that can occur due to a boiler explosion.
  A system will also require an approved steam safety valve and water level control as well as valves for water into the boiler and steam to the engine.  If the system is intended to run without supervision, then sensors and automatic safety shutdown systems are needed.
  Thus, the waste heat engine may be one of the least expensive components of a complete waste heat recovery system.
caption: Physical layout of the four main devices used in the Rankine cycle
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