page_title: 15th century
section_title: 1450s
hierarchical_section_title: 15th century / Events / 1450s
caption_attribution_description: From Paludan's source: "Detail of a silk scroll, The Emperor's Approach, showing the luxury in which the emperor Xuande travelled. Elephants were kept in the imperial elephant stables until around 1900 and were often used for ceremonial occasions, such as the emperor's visits to the Temple of Heaven. Here, however, the large number of horsemen accompanying the emperor's carriage suggests that the emperor was on a much longer journey in the countryside." 中文: 明人畫出警圖
context_page_description: The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian years 1401 to 1500.
  In Europe, the 15th century is seen as the bridge between the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period.
  Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective and the field which is known today as accounting were founded in Italy.
  Constantinople, known as the Capital of the World and the Capital of the Byzantine Empire, falls to the emerging Muslim Ottoman Turks, marking the end of the tremendously influential Byzantine Empire and, for some historians, the end of the Middle Ages. This led to the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy, while Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the mechanical movable type began the printing press. These two events played key roles in the development of the Renaissance. The Roman Papacy was split in two parts in Europe for decades, until the Council of Constance.
context_section_description: 1450s: Machu Picchu constructed.
  1451: Bahlul Khan Lodhi ascends the throne of the Delhi sultanate starting the Lodhi dynasty
  1451: Rajasawardhana, born Bhre Pamotan, styled Brawijaya II succeeds Wijayaparakramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.
  1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the death of the last Roman Emperor Constantine XI and the beginning of the Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire.
  1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle.
  1453: Reign of Rajasawardhana ends.
  1454–1466: After defeating the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years' War, Poland annexes Royal Prussia.
  1455–1485: Wars of the Roses – English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
  1456: Joan of Arc is posthumously acquitted of heresy by the Catholic Church, redeeming her status as the heroine of France.
  1456: The Siege of Belgrade halts the Ottomans' advance into Europe.
  1456: Girishawardhana, styled Brawijaya III, becomes ruler of Majapahit.
  1457: Construction of Edo Castle begins.
caption: Detail of The Emperor's Approach showing the Xuande Emperor's royal carriage. Ming Dynasty of China.
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