page_title: Manchurian plague
section_title: Significance
hierarchical_section_title: Manchurian plague / Significance
caption_attribution_description: 中文: 奉天国际鼠疫会议报告(1911)》主要内容简介：1910年至1911年冬季，在中国的东北 和华北爆发了一场鼠疫，夺取了约5万人的生命。为此，在鼠疫大面积蔓延之际，中国政府邀请11个 国家派出专家出席在奉天（今日沈阳）举行的国际鼠疫会议，以进一步确定鼠疫的性质，并提出有关预 防措施建议。会议记录和相关信息组成了这份报告。 奉天国际鼠疫会议是世界历史上第一次国际肺鼠疫会议，也是中国历史上第一次国际科学会议。这份 报告在世界医学史上和中国医学史上都占有重要的地位。 English: Plague Workers Mukden, Manchuria, 1882-ca. 1936 Photograph of a group of plague workers in Mukden, Manchuria. The workers are standing in front of a low wooden building, possibly Mukden Plague hospital. All are wearing cloth masks over their faces.; This belongs to a series of Church of Scotland Foreign Missions Committee lantern slides relating to the Scottish missionary Dugald Christie. Dugald Christie was born in Glencoe in Scotland and studied medicine under the auspices of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society. In 1882, along with his first wife, Elizabeth, he went to Manchuria to work as a medical missionary of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. He worked initially in Newchang and later moved to the capital of Mukden where he opened Manchuriaas first hospital in 1884. In 1912 he established Mukden Medical College. Dugald Christie retired in 1923 and died in Edinburgh in 1936. Photographer: Unknown Filename: imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS8-045.tif Coverage date: 1882/1936 Part of collection: International Mission Photography Archive, ca.1860-ca.1960 Geographic subject (region): Manchuria Type: images Part of subcollection: Photographs from the Centre for the Study of World Christianity, University of Edinburgh, U.K., ca.1900-ca.1940s Repository name: Centre for the Study of World Christianity Archival file: impaunpub_Volume7/1707.url Geographic subject (city or populated place): Mukden Repository address: The University of Edinburgh School of Divinity, New College, Mound Place, Edinburgh EH1 2LX, United Kingdom Geographic subject (country): China Format (aacr2): 1 lantern slide&#160;: 8 x 8 cm. Geographic subject (continent): Asia Rights: Contact the repository for details. Part of series: Dugald Christie LS8 Repository email: divinity-CSWC@ed.ac.uk Subject (lcsh Keyword): Plague; Medical Care Date created: before 1882/1936 Publisher (of the digital version): University of Southern California. Libraries Subject (aat genre): group portraits Format (aat): lantern slides Legacy record ID: impa-m69160 Access conditions: http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/divinity/research/centres/world-christianity/collections-resources File: GB 237 CSWC47/LS8/45
context_page_description: The Manchurian plague was a pneumonic plague that occurred between 1910 and 1911. It mainly hit the area of Manchuria, although some cases were reported in other places like Peking and Tianjin. Since there was no vaccine, the plague was very deadly, with estimates that it killed around 60,000 people, including doctors and nurses.
context_section_description: The Manchurian plague is believed to have highlighted the importance of a multinational medical response, setting precedence for later organizations such as the World Health Organization. Wu Lien-teh's widespread promotion of cloth plague mask-wearing by doctors, nurses, patients, contacts, and (to the degree that it was possible) the population at large was the first time such an epidemic containment measure had been attempted. The event was also influential in establishing the use of personal protective equipment to stop the spread of disease, and is credited for the origins of the modern hazmat suit.
  Parallels have also been made between the management and control of the Manchurian plague and other outbreaks of infectious disease such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa (2013–2016) and COVID-19 pandemic (2019–).
caption: Plague workers in personal protective equipment
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