page_title: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester
section_title: Department of Zoology (Victoria University of Manchester, 1879–1986)
hierarchical_section_title: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester / History of biological  sciences at the Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST / Department of Zoology (Victoria University of Manchester, 1879–1986)
caption_attribution_description: Türkçe: Manchester Üniversitesi
context_page_description: The School of Biological Sciences is a School within the Faculty Biology, Medicine and Health at The University of Manchester. Biology at University of Manchester and its precursor institutions has gone through a number of reorganizations, the latest of which was the change from a Faculty of Life Sciences to the current School.
context_section_description: Zoology was taught at Manchester
  since the foundation of Owens College in 1851 when William Crawford Williamson was appointed  professor of natural history with responsibilities to teach botany, physiology, geology and zoology. His teaching load was reduced by the creation of independent chairs in geology (1874), and zoology (1879).
  
  Williamson embodied a traditional view of natural history, with its strong bias to taxonomic classification. From the 1860s onwards this approach began to change under the influence of German university biologists. The appointment of Arthur Milnes Marshall (1852–1893) as professor of zoology at Owens in 1879 led to the adoption of this 'new biology' approach at Manchester. Marshall had been trained by these methods at Cambridge. Marshall modernised the zoology curriculum, introduced courses in elementary biology and embryology, and lobbied for the establishment of dedicated research laboratories. In 1887, the Beyer laboratories were opened, funded by a local industrialist, C. F. Beyer; they were conveniently placed next to the Manchester Museum.
   Marshall's career ended when he was killed in a climbing accident.
  Marshall was succeeded by Sydney Hickson (1859–1940) in 1894 who held the chair until 1926. He was a marine zoologist and an expert in the study of corals. Under Hickson the department saw steady growth in staff and students, with the emergence of distinct research specialisms. On his retirement in 1926, he was succeeded by J. S. Dunkerly (1881–1930) a protozoologist and an authority on Flagellates from the University of Glasgow who died in 1931. Herbert Graham Cannon (1897–1963), previously professor of zoology at Sheffield, was elected to the Beyer chair in his place. In 1948 R. Dennell was appointed professor of experimental zoology. The current holder of the Beyer Chair is Professor Andrew Loudon, who studies biological clocks in animals.
  During the 1960s and 1980s the work of the Department included J. Gordon Blower's work on the population genetics of millipedes, RR Askew's work on parasitic and other insects, Yalden's on the distribution of fauna in the Peak District National Park and the mammals of Ethiopia, Gabbutt's on the biology of the pseudoscorpions, R. D. Butler's on the contractile systems in protozoa, and Roger Wood's on the genetics of mosquitoes.
  By the 1980s, it was recognised that some of the distinctions between the traditional biological disciplines were no longer as relevant as in the past and the University instituted a major review of the biological sciences at the University. A  working party was established under Professor John Willmott that recommended greater integration in teaching and research between traditional biological disciplines, and a closer relationship between biological and medical departments. This led to the creation of a School of Biological Sciences in 1986, based on four divisions: biochemistry and molecular biology, cell and structural biology, environmental biology and physiological sciences. Nine departments of the faculties of science and medicine were abolished, including Botany and Zoology. Professor A. P. J. (Tony) Trinci (a microbiologist) was the first chairman of the School of Biological Sciences. Fourteen members of the Department of Botany joined the new division of cell and structural biology, and six became part of environmental biology.
  Professors of Zoology, at the Victoria University of Manchester included
  Arthur Milnes Marshall 1879–1893
  Sydney John Hickson 1894–1926
  John S. Dunkerly 1926–1931
  Herbert Graham Cannon 1931–1963
  Ralph Dennell 1963–1974 (professor of experimental zoology from 1948)
  Arthur Cain 1964–1968
  Edwin Trueman 1969–1982
  D. M. Guthrie 1982- (?)
caption: The Beyer Laboratories
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