page_title: Trophy hunting
section_title: Effects on habitat loss
hierarchical_section_title: Trophy hunting / Influence in conservation / In Africa / Effects on habitat loss
caption_attribution_description: English: Clients are generally unwilling to hunt under conditions whereby conservation issues are compromised, such as where canned hunts occur or in areas where quotas are overshoot. Clients are also less willing than operators realize to hunt in areas were wild dogs (Chi-squared=8.72, d.f.=1, P≤0.01) or cheetahs (Chi-squared=10.7, d.f.=1, P≤0.01) are illegally shot. Clients also show more concern towards social problems than operators realize, with greater willingness to hunt in areas where local people live (Chi-squared=5.4, d.f.=1, P=0.02) and benefit (Chi-squared=9.4, d.f.=1, P=0.02) from hunting.
context_page_description: Trophy hunting or sport hunting is hunting of wild game for human recreation. The trophy is the animal or part of the animal kept and usually displayed, to represent the success of the hunt. The game sought is typically a large or impressively ornamented male, such as one having large horns or antlers. Generally, only parts of the animal are kept as trophies and the carcass itself is used for food.
  Trophies are often displayed in the hunter's home or office, and often in specially designed "trophy rooms", sometimes called "game rooms" or "gun rooms", in which the hunter's weaponry is displayed as well.
  Trophy hunting has both firm supporters and strong opponents. Debates surrounding trophy hunting centrally concern not only the question of the morality of recreational hunting and supposed conservation efforts of big-game and ranch hunting, but also the observed decline in animal species that are targets for trophy hunting.
context_section_description: A 2005 paper by Nigel Leader-Williams and colleagues in the Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy asserted that the legalization of white rhinoceros hunting in South Africa motivated private landowners to reintroduce the species onto their lands. As a result, white rhinos increased from fewer than one hundred individuals to more than 11,000. Leader-Williams's study also showed that trophy hunting in Zimbabwe doubled wildlife areas relative to state protected areas. The implementation of controlled and legalized hunting led to an increase in the area of suitable land available to elephants and other wildlife, which "reversed the problem of habitat loss and helping to maintain a sustained population increase in Zimbabwe's already large elephant population".
  A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation by Diogo Andrade, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism". Financial incentives from trophy hunting effectively more than double the land area that is used for wildlife conservation, relative to what would be conserved relying on national parks alone, according to the study published in Biological Conservation.
  According to the American writer and journalist Richard Conniff, if Namibia is home to 1,750 of the roughly 5,000 black rhinos surviving in the wild. Namibia's mountain zebra population has increased from 1,000 in 1982 to 27,000 in 2014. Elephants, which are gunned down elsewhere for their ivory, have gone from 15,000 to 20,000 in 1995. Lions, which were on the brink of extinction "from Senegal to Kenya", are increasing in Namibia.
caption: Surveyed Views of Trophy Hunters Lindsey et al. (2006)
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