page_title: Roman aqueduct
section_title: Timeline
hierarchical_section_title: Roman aqueduct / Background / Rome's aqueducts / Timeline
caption_attribution_description: English: These cavities are called "Galería de los Espejos" (Mirrors Galery) and are part of an ancient 25 km roman aqueduct built during the 1st century aC, Albarracín, Teruel, Aragón, Spain Español: Estas cavidades pertenecen a la Galería de los Espejos y son una sección de un antiguo acueducto romano de 25 km de longitud construido en el siglo I a.C., Albarracín, Teruel, Aragón, España Français&#160;: La "Galerie des Miroirs", une section creusée dans la roche de l'aqueduc romain près d'Albarracín, Province de Teruel, Aragon, Espagne
context_page_description: The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and later Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns. Aqueduct water supplied public baths, latrines, fountains, and private households; it also supported mining operations, milling, farms, and gardens.
  Aqueducts moved water through gravity alone, along a slight overall downward gradient within conduits of stone, brick, or concrete; the steeper the gradient, the faster the flow. Most conduits were buried beneath the ground and followed the contours of the terrain; obstructing peaks were circumvented or, less often, tunneled through. Where valleys or lowlands intervened, the conduit was carried on bridgework, or its contents fed into high-pressure lead, ceramic, or stone pipes and siphoned across. Most aqueduct systems included sedimentation tanks, which helped to reduce any water-borne debris. Sluices and castella aquae regulated the supply to individual destinations. In cities and towns, the run-off water from aqueducts scoured the drains and sewers.
  Rome's first aqueduct was built in 312 BC, and supplied a water fountain at the city's cattle market.
context_section_description: 312 BC Aqua Appia, Rome's first aqueduct is built by Appius Claudius Caecus, the aqueduct is nearly all underground.
  272 BC Aqua Anio Vetus
  144 BC Aqua Marcia, 90 km (56 miles) in length, construction starts.
  33 BC Aqua Julia is built by Octavian (Emperor Augustus)
  19 BC Aqua Virgo is built to supply the thermal baths in the Campus Martius.
  38-52 AD Aqua Claudia built
  109 AD Aqua Traiana brings water from Lake Bracciano to supply Rome’s suburbs, now called Trastevere.
caption: Galería de los Espejos (Gallery of Mirrors), a tunnelled part of a 25 km Roman aqueduct built during the 1st century AD near Albarracín (Spain)
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