page_title: Mammalian orthoreovirus
section_title: Viral classification
hierarchical_section_title: Mammalian orthoreovirus / Viral classification
caption_attribution_description: English: The Baltimore classication of viruses. (-) and (+) indicates negative or positive sense nucleaic acid. ss indicates single-stranded nucleic acid and ds double-stranded, helical, nucleic acid.
context_page_description: Mammalian orthoreovirus is a double stranded RNA virus. It is a part of the family Reoviridae, as well as the subfamily Spinareovirinae. As seen in the name, the Mammalian Ortheoreovirus infects numerous mammalian species and vertebrates which serve as natural hosts. Some diseases that occur as a result of this virus or are associated with this virus include mild upper respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal illness. Examples of these are: upper respiratory tract syndromes, gastroenteritis, biliary atresia, obstructive hydrocephalus, jaundice, alopecia, conjunctivitis, and ‘oily hair’ associated with steatorrhea.
  There are four serotypes, or distinct variations within the viral species, of Mammalian orthoreovirus. This means that there are four separate strains of Mammalian orthoreovirus: Type 1 Lang, Type 2 Jones, Type 3 Dearing, Type 4 Ndelle. An example of these strains is Mammalian orthoreovirus type 3, or Mammalian orthoreovirus 3-Dearing. It induces cell death preferentially in transformed cells and therefore displays inherent oncolytic properties.
  It is believed that Mammalian orthoreovirus causes subclinical infection in humans more so than in other mammals.
context_section_description: Based upon the Baltimore classification scheme, the Mammalian orthoreovirus is a Group III virus. This is because the Mammalian orthoreovirus is a double stranded RNA virus, and as stated previously, apart of the Reovirus family.  The name “Reo-“is derived from respiratory enteric orphan diseases. The term “orphan diseases” makes reference to the fact that some Reoviruses were not known to be associated with any diseases at the time of their discovery. The Reoviridae family is also characterized with "naked", icosahedral capsids and 10-12 segments of linear double stranded RNA. “Naked” meaning the icosahedral capsid is not surrounded by a viral envelope.
  Within the Reoviridae family the Mammalian orthoreovirus is a part of the Spinareovirinae subfamily. This is based on the fact that viruses within this subfamily, such as the Mammalian orthoreovirus, Aquareovirus, Coltivirus, Cypovirus, etc., have the presence of a turreted protein on the inner capsid.
caption: Baltimore Classification
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