page_title: South Kalimantan
section_title: Colonial era
hierarchical_section_title: South Kalimantan / History / Colonial era
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: foto. Schepen van de KPM langs de kade aan de Martapura-rivier, Bandjermasin
context_page_description: South Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. It is the smallest province in Kalimantan, the Indonesian territory of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin. The population of South Kalimantan was recorded at just over 3.625 million people at the 2010 Census, and at nearly 4 million at the 2015 Census; the latest official estimate is 4,119,794. One of five Indonesian provinces in Kalimantan, it is bordered by the Makassar Strait in the east, Central Kalimantan in the west and north, the Java Sea in the south, and East Kalimantan in the north. The province also includes the island of Laut, located off the eastern coast of Kalimantan. The province is divided into 11 regencies and 2 cities. South Kalimantan is the traditional homeland of the Banjar people, although there are some part of East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan that is also included in this criteria. Nevertheless, South Kalimantan, especially the capital city Banjarmasin has always be the cultural capital of Banjarese culture. Many Banjarese has migrated to other parts of Indonesia, as well as neighbouring countries such as Singapore and Malaysia.
context_section_description: In the 18th century, Prince Tamjidullah I succeeded in transferring government power to his dynasty and determined Prince Nata Dilaga as the first Sultan as Panembahan Kaharudin Khalilullah. Prince Nata Dilaga who became the first king of the dynasty Tamjidullah I in his heyday of power, declared himself as Susuhunan Nata Alam in 1772. The son of Sultan Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah named Prince Amir, or grandson of Sultan Hamidullah fled to the Paser Kingdom, and asked his uncle for help named Arung Tarawe (and Queen Goddess). Prince Amir then returned and invaded the Banjar Sultanate with a large Buginese army in 1757, and tried to reclaim his throne from Susuhunan Nata Alam. Fearing the loss of the throne and worries about the fall of the kingdom under the rule of the Bugis, Susuhunan Nata Alam requested assistance from the Dutch East India Company (VOC).
  The VOC accepted the request and sent Captain Hoffman with his forces and succeeded in defeating the Buginese forces. Prince Amir was forced to flee back to the Paser Kingdom. Some time later Prince Amir also tried to ask for help from the Banjar nobles in the Barito area who were not happy with the Dutch presence. In this second battle, Prince Amir was captured and was exiled to Ceylon in 1787. After that an agreement was made between the Sultanate of Banjar and the VOC, where the kings of the Banjar ruled the kingdom as borrowers of VOC land. In 1826 a re-agreement was held between the Dutch East Indies Government and Sultan Adam, based on the previous agreement VOC. According to this agreement, the Dutch are allowed to interfere with the regulation of issues regarding the appointment of the Crown Prince and the Mangkubumi, which resulted in the destruction of royal customs in this field, which then made one of the causes of the outbreak of the Banjarmasin War.
  The Banjarmasin War took place between 1859 and 1905 (1859–1863 according to Dutch sources). Sultan Hidayatullah II of Banjar and Prince Antasari used a strategy of guerrilla warfare by moving the government to the interior and building fortifications in the Borneon jungles. The spirit of resistance from the unity of the Banjar and the Dayak people is tied to kinship and kinship relations through marriage ties. The association gave birth to the status of pegustian and temenggung which became a unifying and solidarity tool for Banjar-Dayak coalition facing the Dutch.
  Pangeran Antasari also collaborated with the Kutai Kertanegara Sultanate through his relatives in Tenggarong. Pangeran Antasari wrote to other princes from Kutai such as Prince Nata Kusuma, Pangeran Anom, and Kerta. They are all links to the smuggling of firearms from Kutai to Hamlet (Banjar). However, when the Banjar War was continued by the descendants of Pangeran Antasari, The Sultan of Kutai Aji Muhammad Sulaiman did not respond positively to requests for help from Prince Perbatasari. In fact, Prince Perbatasari was handed over to the Dutch in 1885. The Dutch launched the "Expedition to the Southern and Eastern region of Borneo" (Dutch: Expeditie naar de Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo), resulting in the destruction of the Banjar Sultanate. Resistance towards the Dutch continued until 1905, when Dutch forces under the leadership of Lieutenant Christofel who were experienced in the Aceh War, with a large number of Korps Marechaussee te voet troops, attacked Manawing fortress in January 1905. The Korps Marechaussee te voet was a non-military corps established by the Dutch East Indies Government in 1890 to handle police duties help in military duties. Massively outnumbered, Sultan Muhammad Seman could not survive the battle. The Sultan was shot and killed on January 24, 1905.
  The Dutch annexed and placed the former territory of the Banjar Sultanate under the jurisdiction of the Residency of South and Eastern Borneo (Dutch: Residentie Zuider en Oosterafdeeling van Borneo). In 1938, the Residency of Western Borneo (Dutch: Residentie Westerafdeeling van Borneo) and the Residency of South and Eastern Borneo were merged into the Government of Born
caption: Boats lining up on the Martapura River
exif: {"Image Make": "NIKON CORPORATION", "Image Model": "NIKON D2X", "Image Software": "Ver.2.00", "Image DateTime": "2008:01:25 13:31:01", "Image ExifOffset": "132", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/60", "EXIF FNumber": "18", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2008:01:25 09:22:23", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "5906891/1000000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "166797/20000", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "3", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire", "EXIF FocalLength": "45", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "67"}