page_title: Banten
section_title: Colonial era
hierarchical_section_title: Banten / History / Colonial era
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: IdentificatieTitel(s): Drie krijgers van Bantam, 1596Objecttype: prent nieuwsprent Objectnummer: RP-P-OB-80.252Catalogusreferentie: FMH 1055-AI(2)/23Atlas van Stolk 982Omschrijving: Drie krijgers van Bantam (Banten), 1596. Soldaten gewapend met speer, zWaar: d, schilden en musket. Afdrukken van de opgewerkte platen voor de oorspronkelijke illustraties in het reisverslag van de Eerste Schipvaert van Cornelis de Houtman naar Oost-Indië in 1595-1597. No. 23.VervaardigingVervaardiger: prentmaker: anoniemPlaats vervaardiging: Noordelijke NederlandenDatering: 1597 - 1598 en/of 1646Fysieke kenmerken: ets en gravureMateriaal: papier Techniek: etsen / graveren (drukprocedé)Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 145 mm × b 220 mmToelichtingGebruikt als illustratie eerst in: Willem Lodewijcksz, D'eerste boeck. Historie van Indien, waer inne verhaelt is de avontueren die de Hollandtsche schepen bejeghent zijn, Cornelis Claes, Amsterdam 1598. In deze opgewerkte staat gebruikt in: De Eerste Schipvaerd der Hollandsche Natie naer Oost-Indien, waer inne verhaelt wordt al wat haer sonderlings onder wegen bejegent is ... ghetrocken uyt verscheyden Iournalen ofte dagh-registers daer van ghemaeckt, zeer vermaeckelijck ende nut om lesen. Opgenomen in: I. Commelin, Begin ende voortgangh, van de Vereenighde Nederlantsche Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie, J. Janssonius, Amsterdam 1646. Genummerd: 23.OnderwerpWat: exploration, expedition, voyage of discoverylandscapes in tropical and sub-tropical regionsEerste Schipvaert (1595-1597)Wanneer: 1596 - 1596WaarBantamWie: Cornelis de HoutmanVerwerving en rechtenVerwerving: aankoop 1881Copyright: Publiek domeinBahasa Indonesia: Tiga prajurit dari Bantam (Banten), 1596. Tentara dengan tombak, perisai, pedang, dan senapan.English: Three soldiers from Bantam (Banten), 1596. Soldiers with spear, shields, sword, and rifles.
context_page_description: Banten is the westernmost province on the island of Java, in Indonesia. Its provincial capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta to the east, the Java Sea to the north, the Indian Ocean to the south, and the Sunda Strait to the west, which separates Java from the neighbouring island of Sumatra. The population of Banten was officially estimated at 13,160,496 in the middle of 2020, up from over 10.6 million during the 2010 census. Formerly part of the province of West Java, Banten became a separate province in 2000. The province is a transit corridor to the neighbouring Indonesian island of Sumatra. Historically, it has had a culture distinct from the rest of Java and that of the broader Indonesian archipelago. In recent years, the northern half, particularly those areas near Jakarta and the Java Sea coast, have experienced rapid rises in population and urbanization, while the southern half, particularly that facing the Indian Ocean, maintains more of its traditional character.
  Centuries ago, the area in what-is-now Banten is ruled by the Sundanese Tarumanagara kingdom.
context_section_description: When the Dutch arrived in Indonesia the Portuguese had long been in Banten. The English established a representative site in Banten, a "factory", and were followed by the Dutch. In addition, the French and the Danish also came to trade in Banten. In the ensuring competition between the European traders, the Dutch emerged as the winners. The Portuguese fled Banten in 1601 after their fleet was destroyed by the Dutch fleet off the coast of Banten during the Dutch–Portuguese War.
  Although the Dutch won the war, they still allowed the Banten Sultanate to exist. The Sultanate of Banten is a maritime kingdom and relies on trade to support its economy. The monopoly on pepper trade in Lampung, placing the Banten authorities as an intermediary trader and the Sultanate of Banten growing rapidly, became one of the important commercial centers at that time. As sea trade has grown throughout the archipelago, Banten grow to being a multi-ethnic region. Assisted by the British, Danish and Chinese people, Banten trades with Persia, India, Siam, Vietnam, the Philippines, China and Japan. The reign of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa between 1651 and 1682 was seen as the golden era of the Sultanate. Under his reign, Banten had one of the strongest navy in the region, built on European standard with the aids of Europeans shipbuilders, and also attracts Europeans to work in the Sultanate of Banten. In securing its shipping lane, Banten also sent its fleet to Sukadana or the Kingdom of Tanjungpura (present-day West Kalimantan) and conquered it in 1661. At that time Banten also tried to get out of the pressure of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), which had previously made a blockade of merchant ships heading to Banten.
  Around 1680, a dispute arose in the Sultanate, due to a struggle for power and opposition between Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa and his son Sultan Abu Nashar Abdul Qahar. This split was exploited by VOC who provided support to Sultan Hajj, so that the civil war was inevitable. While strengthening his position, Sultan Abu Nashar Abdul Qahar or Sultan Hajj also send two of his envoys to meet King Charles II of England in London in 1682 to obtain support and weapons assistance. In the ensuing war, Sultan Ageng was forced to withdraw from his palace and move to an area called Tirtayasa (present-day Tangerang), but on 28 December 1682 the area was also controlled by Sultan Haji with the Dutch assistance. Sultan Ageng with his other sons Pangeran Purbaya and Syekh Yusuf from Makassar retreated to the south of the Sunda interior. But on March 14, 1683 Sultan Ageng was caught and then imprisoned in Batavia.
  
  The VOC continued to pursue and crushed the resistance of Sultan Ageng's followers who were still in the leadership of Prince Purbaya and Sheikh Yusuf. On May 5, 1683, the VOC sent Untung Surapati, who was a lieutenant and his Balinese troops, joining forces led by the VOC Lieutenant Johannes Maurits van Happel to subdue the Pamotan and DayeuhLuhur areas, where on December 14, 1683 they succeeded in capturing Sheikh Yusuf. Heavily outnumbered, Prince Purbaya surrendered. Untung Surapati was told by Captain Johan Ruisj to pick up Pangeran Purbaya, and on the way to bring Prince Purbaya to Batavia, they met with VOC forces led by Willem Kuffeler, but there was a dispute between them, resulting in a conflict which results Willem Kuffeler forces being destroyed, and Untung Surapati and his followers became fugitives of the VOC.
  
  The VOC assistance and support to Sultan Hajj must be paid by giving compensation to the VOC. On March 12, 1682, Lampung was handed over to the VOC, as stated in the Sultan Haji's letter to Major Issac de Saint Martin, the VOC admiral in Batavia. The letter was later corroborated by an agreement letter dated August 22, 1682 which made the VOC obtain the pepper trade monopoly right in Lampung. In addition, the Sultanate also had to replace the losses due to the war to the VOC.  After the death of Sultan Hajj in 1687, the VOC began to increase its influence in the Sultanate of Banten, so that the appointment of the Sultan of Ba
caption: Warriors of Banten, 1596.
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