page_title: Makhanda, Eastern Cape
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Makhanda, Eastern Cape / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Wesleyan Mission Premises, Graham's Town, South Africa (August 1846, p.86, III)
context_page_description: Makhanda previously known as Grahamstown is a town of about 70,000 people in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is situated about 110 kilometres northeast of Port Elizabeth and 130 kilometres southwest of East London. Makhanda is the largest town in the Makana Local Municipality, and the seat of the municipal council. It also hosts Rhodes University, the Eastern Cape Division of the High Court, The South African Library for the Blind and a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa and 6 South African Infantry Battalion.
  The town's name change from Grahamstown to Makhanda was officially gazetted on 29 June 2018. The town was officially renamed to Makhanda in memory of Xhosa warrior and prophet Makhanda ka Nxele.
context_section_description: Makhanda was founded as Grahamstown in 1812 as a military outpost by Lieutenant-Colonel John Graham as part of the effort to secure the eastern frontier of British influence in the Cape Colony against the Xhosa, who had been forcibly pushed out to the lands that lay just to the east on the Fish River. The brutal expulsion of some 20,000 Xhosa people, including their leader Ndlambe ka Rharhabe, from the Zuurveld and the adoption of a "scorched earth" tactic by Graham and his forces to destroy Xhosa crops to prevent their return was part of the 4th "Frontier" War.
caption: Wesleyan Mission Premises, Graham's Town, South Africa (1846)[7]
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