page_title: Gustavo Giró Tapper
section_title: Operation 90
hierarchical_section_title: Gustavo Giró Tapper / Career path / Operation 90
caption_attribution_description: Español: Sno-Cat utilizado en la primera expedición terrestre hecha por la Argentina al polo sur,
context_page_description: Gustavo Adolfo Giró Tapper was an Argentine and military explorer who participated in the foundation of the first Antarctic bases.
context_section_description: On October 2, 1965, the Chief of the Expedition, the then Colonel Jorge Edgard Leal, arrived with an airplane. Captain Giró Tapper became the second chief and the Scientific Director of the “Operation 90”. The march towards the South Pole started on October 26th. Giró drove a snow-cat “Cordoba”. But in addition to his leadership obligations, he was also tasked with meteorological observations in a mobile station at three hour intervals throughout the journey, glaciological measurements of accumulation lines at every 10 km and gravimetric measurements at every 20 km. In addition, he had to film the activities of the expedition with a video camera , resulting in a colour documentary called “Operation 90”. The three snow-cats reached the South Geographic Pole on December 10, 1965, with the temperature at minus 30 degrees below zero. They raised the Argentine flag on an improvised flag pole made of an antenna mast. Today, this mast constitutes Historic Site and Monument No 1 of the Antarctic Treaty. The arrival at the South Pole was a success partly owing to prior exploratory experience, but so was the return: in barely 21 days, on December 31, the expeditioners returned to their starting point, having covered 2892 km in 66 days.
caption: Sno-Cat used in Operation 90
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