page_title: Nuremberg
section_title: Nazi period
hierarchical_section_title: Nuremberg / History / Nazi period
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Reichsparteitag. Übersicht über den großen Appell der SA, SS und des NSKK. English: Overview of the mass roll call of SA, SS, and NSKK troops. Nuremberg, November 9, 1935. (National Archives Gift Collection) NARA FILE #: 200-GR-12 WAR &amp; CONFLICT BOOK #: 983 Français&#160;: Avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, appel de soldats allemands faisant partie de la SA (Sturmabteilung), de la SS (Schutzstaffel) ou de la NSKK (Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps). Photo prise à Nuremberg le 9 novembre 1935.
context_page_description: Nuremberg is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in Middle Franconia. It is on the river Pegnitz and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and is Franconia's largest city. It is about 170 kilometres north of Munich, at 49.27° N 11.5° E. As of June 2017, there were 530,771 people.
context_section_description: Nuremberg was very important during the Nazi Germany period. The Nazi Party held huge Nazi Party conventions – the Nuremberg rallies in the city.
  The rallies were held every year from 1927 to 1938 in Nuremberg. After Hitler's rise to power in 1933 the Nuremberg rallies became huge state propaganda events, and a centre of anti-Semitism and other Nazi ideas. At one rally, Hitler passed the anti-Semitic (anti Jewish) Nuremberg Laws which took German citizenship away from all Jews. A number of buildings were built for the rallies, some of which were not finished.
  Today many examples of Nazi architecture can still be seen in the city. The city was also the home of the Nazi propagandist Julius Streicher, the publisher of Der Stürmer.
  During World War II, Nuremberg was the headquarters of Wehrkreis (military district) XIII, and an important site for military production, including airplanes, submarines, and tank engines. A subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp was here. A lot of the factories used slave labour.
  The city was badly damaged in bombing World War II, especially between 1943 and 1945. On January 2, 1945, the medieval city centre was bombed by the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Air Force and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 left homeless. In February 1945, more attacks followed. In total, about 6000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids. Despite this, the city was rebuilt after the war and was to some extent, restored to its pre-war appearance including the reconstruction of some of its medieval buildings.
  Between 1945 and 1946, German officials involved in the Holocaust and other war crimes were taken in front of the International Military Tribunal in the Nuremberg Trials. The Soviet Union had wanted the trials to take place in Berlin, but Nuremberg was chosen as the site for the trials for specific reasons:
  It was in the American occupation zone
  The Nuremberg Palace of Justice was big and only damaged a little by the Allied bombing of Germany). A large prison was also part of the complex.
  The city had been the location of the Nazi party's Nuremberg rallies, so there was symbolic value in having the trials to prosecute Nazism there.
  As a compromise, Berlin was the permanent seat of the International Military Tribunal and that the first trial (several were planned) would take place in Nuremberg. Because of the Cold War, there were no subsequent trials.
  The same courtroom in Nuremberg was the venue of the Nuremberg Military Tribunals, organised by the United States as occupying power in the area.
caption: Nuremberg party rally 1935
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