page_title: Graphite pencil
section_title: Production
hierarchical_section_title: Graphite pencil / Production
caption_attribution_description: English: Pencil's production
context_page_description: Graphite or lead pencil is a writing or drawing tool in which a thin graphite core is embedded in a shell of other material. The pencil shell is mostly wooden, but can be made of plastic or recycled paper.
context_section_description: Production technology has changed little over the past 120 years. Only standards and mechanisms for the manufacture of rods and wooden halves were improved. The main components in the manufacture of rods - purified graphite powder and kaolin (a clay binder). Hardness depends on the ratio of their particles. The more graphite - the softer the rod. The hardest pencil contains about 20% graphite, the softest one up to 90%. The 1:1 ratio roughly corresponds to the 3H hardness. The sequence of operations for the manufacture of graphite rods:
caption: Stages of pencil production.
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