page_title: Carpathian Ruthenia
section_title: Jews
hierarchical_section_title: Carpathian Ruthenia / Demographics / Jews
caption_attribution_description: English: Traditional dress of Jews from western Ukraine - Jew from Galicia (Lviv / Ternopil area of western Ukraine) and Jew from Mukachevo (former Mongatz / Munkacs) in Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) region of westernmost Ukraine. Postcard of 1821. Українська: Єврей Галичини (зліва) та єврей з Мукачева на Закарпатті (зправа). Традиційний одяг євреїв західної України. Листівка 1821 року.
context_page_description: Carpathian Ruthenia, Carpatho-Ukraine or Zakarpattia is a historic region in the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast, with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia and Lemkivshchyna in Poland. In the Middle Ages it was part of Kievan Rus'. Before World War I most of this region was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the interwar period, it was part of the First and Second Czechoslovak Republic. During World War II, the region was annexed by the Kingdom of Hungary once again. After the war, it was occupied by the USSR and became part of Soviet Ukraine.
  It is an ethnically diverse region, inhabited mostly by Ukrainians, with Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Rusyn, Slovak, Lemko, Polish minorities. It also has small Hutsul, Jewish and Romani minorities.
context_section_description: Memoirs and historical studies provide much evidence that in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Rusyn-Jewish relations were generally peaceful. In 1939, census records showed that 80,000 Jews lived in the autonomous province of Ruthenia. Jews made up approximately 14% of the prewar population, however this population was concentrated in the larger towns, especially Mukachevo, where they constituted 43% of the prewar population. Most of them perished during the Holocaust.
caption: Jews from Galicia (left) and Mukachevo (right), 1821
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