page_title: List of mammals of Madagascar
section_title: Order: Primates
hierarchical_section_title: List of mammals of Madagascar / Subclass: Theria / Infraclass: Eutheria / Superorder Euarchontoglires / Order: Primates
caption_attribution_description: English: Life restoration of Archaeoindris fontoynonti. Based on life restoration by Stephen Nash in Lemurs of Madagascar, 3rd edition, and correspondence with Dr. Laurie Godfrey.
context_page_description: This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Madagascar. As of June 2014 there are 241 extant mammal species recognized in Madagascar, of which 22 are critically endangered, 62 are endangered, 32 are vulnerable, 9 are near threatened, 72 are of least concern and 44 are either data deficient or not evaluated. All of the critically endangered species are lemurs.
  The mammalian fauna of Madagascar is highly distinctive and largely endemic. The extant nonmarine, nonchiropteran taxa constitute 168 species, 40 genera and 9 families; of these, besides a probably introduced shrew, endemic taxa make up all the species, all the genera, and all but one of the families. This endemic terrestrial fauna, consisting of lemurs, tenrecs, nesomyine rodents and euplerid carnivorans, is thought to have colonized the island from Africa via four rafting events. The other historic terrestrial or semiterrestrial mammal group, the extinct hippopotamuses, is thought to have colonized the island possibly several times, perhaps via swimming.
context_section_description: The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided into four main groupings: strepsirrhines, tarsiers, monkeys of the New World, and monkeys and apes of the Old World. Strepsirrhines make up all of Madagascar's native primates species, but comprise only a quarter of those of Africa, the rest being simians. Madagascar's strepsirrhines occupy both diurnal and nocturnal niches, while all those of Asia and mainland Africa are nocturnal and nearly all simians are diurnal (the only exception being neotropical Aotus, which lives where strepsirrhines are absent). Madagascar's 15 genera of extant nonhuman primates compares with 6 in Central America, 20 in South America, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. A number of lemur species larger than any now alive, ranging in size up to that of a gorilla, are believed to have become extinct shortly after the recent arrival of humans.
  The endemic primates of Madagascar, the lemurs, constitute a single clade and are the largest branch of strepsirrhines. It has been proposed that a common ancestor of all Madagascar's lemurs rafted across the Mozambique Channel from Africa between 50 and 60 million years ago. However, findings of similarities in dentition between  several African primate fossils and aye-ayes, the most basal of lemurs, have led to the alternate proposal that the ancestors of aye-ayes colonized Madagascar separately from other lemurs.
  Between 2000 and 2008, 39 new lemur species were described, bringing the total number of recognized species and subspecies to 99; by 2014, the number of extant species and subspecies recognized had increased to 105. Of these, the IUCN classified 24 as critically endangered, 49 as endangered, 20 as vulnerable, three as near threatened, three as of least concern and four as data deficient; two were yet to be evaluated. 
  Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  Infraorder: Lemuriformes
  Family: †Archaeolemuridae (monkey lemurs)
  Genus: †Archaeolemur
  Archaeolemur edwardsi EX (PH)
  Archaeolemur majori EX (PH)
  Genus: †Hadropithecus
  Hadropithecus stenognathus EX (PH)
  Family: Cheirogaleidae
  Genus: Allocebus
  Hairy-eared dwarf lemur, Allocebus trichotis EN
  Genus: Cheirogaleus
  Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus andysabini EN
  Furry-eared dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus crossleyi VU
  Groves' dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus grovesi DD
  Lavasoa dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus lavasoensis EN
  Greater dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus major VU
  Fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius VU
  Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus minusculus NE
  Ankarana dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus shethi EN
  Sibree's dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus sibreei CR
  Genus: Microcebus
  Arnhold's mouse lemur, Microcebus arnholdi VU
  Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, Microcebus berthae CR
  Bongolava mouse lemur, Microcebus bongolavensis EN
  Boraha mouse lemur, Microcebus boraha DD
  Danfoss' mouse lemur, Microcebus danfossi VU
  Ganzhorn's mouse lemur, Microcebus ganzhorni EN
  Gerp's mouse lemur, Microcebus gerpi CR
  Reddish-gray mouse lemur, Microcebus griseorufus LC
  Jolly's mouse lemur, Microcebus jollyae EN
  Goodman's mouse lemur, Microcebus lehilahytsara VU
  MacArthur's mouse lemur, Microcebus macarthurii EN
  Claire's mouse lemur, Microcebus mamiratra EN
  Manitatra mouse lemur, Microcebus manitatra CR
  Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, Microcebus margotmarshae EN
  Marohita mouse lemur, Microcebus marohita CR
  Mittermeier's mouse lemur, Microcebus mittermeieri EN
  Gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus NE
  Pygmy mouse lemur, Microcebus myoxinus VU
  Golden-brown mouse lemur, Microcebus ravelobensis VU
  Brown mouse lemur, Microcebus rufus VU
  Sambirano mouse lemur, Microcebus sambiranensis EN
  Simmons' mouse lemur, Microcebus simmonsi NE
  Anosy mouse lemur, Microcebus tanosi EN
  Northern rufous mouse lemur, Microcebus tavaratra VU
  Genus: Mirza
  Coquerel's giant mouse lemur, Mirza coquereli EN
  Northern giant mouse lemur, Mirza zaza VU
  Genus: Phaner
  Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur, Phaner electromontis EN
  Masoala fork-marked lemur, Phaner furcifer EN
  Pale fork-marked lemur, Phaner pa
caption: †Archaeoindris fontoynontii
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