page_title: Gospel of Marcion
section_title: As the first gospel
hierarchical_section_title: Gospel of Marcion / Relationship to the Gospel of Luke / As an earlier version of Luke / Synoptic problem / As the first gospel
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Darstellung der Beziehungen des rekonstruierten Markion-Evangeliums und den Synoptikern nach Matthias Klinghardt (2015). siehe hierzu auch Matthias Klinghardt: Das älteste Evangelium und die Entstehung der kanonischen Evangelien. Untersuchung – Rekonstruktion – Übersetzung – Varianten. 2 Bände. Francke, Tübingen 2015, ISBN&#160;978-3-7720-8549-9, S.191.
context_page_description: The Gospel of Marcion, called by its adherents the Gospel of the Lord, was a text used by the mid-2nd-century Christian teacher Marcion of Sinope to the exclusion of the other gospels. The majority of scholars agree the gospel was an edited version of the Gospel of Luke.
  Although no manuscript of Marcion's gospel survives, scholars such as Adolf von Harnack and Dieter T. Roth have been able to largely reconstruct the text from quotations in the anti-Marcionite treatises of orthodox Christian apologists such as Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Epiphanius.
context_section_description: Some proponents of the priority of Marcion's gospel have explored the implications of their view for the broader synoptic problem.
  In his 2013 book, The First New Testament: Marcion's Scriptural Canon, Jason BeDuhn considers that the gospel of Marcion precedes all gospels. He considers that the Gospel of Marcion is the first of its kind, and that it was not produced or adapted by Marcion, but instead that the Gospel of Marcion was a collection of ancient Christian traditions compiled and adopted by Marcion and his movement.
  In his 2015 book, Klinghardt changed his opinion compared to his 2008 article. In his 2015 book, he considers that the gospel of Marcion precedes and influenced the four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).
  In his 2014 book Marcion and the Dating of the Synoptic Gospels, Markus Vinzent considers, like BeDuhn and Klinghardt, that the gospel of Marcion precedes the four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John). He believes that the Gospel of Marcion influenced the four gospels. Vinzent differs with both BeDuhn and Klinghardt in that he believes the Gospel of Marcion was written directly by Marcion.
  The Marcion priority also implies a model of the late dating of the New Testament Gospels to the 2nd century - a thesis that goes back to David Trobisch, who, in 1996 in his habilitation thesis accepted in Heidelberg, presented the conception or thesis of an early, uniform final editing of the New Testament canon in the 2nd century.
caption: Matthias Klinghardt's 2015 Marcion hypothesis, an absolute Marcionian priority, applied to the synoptic gospels (Das älteste Evangelium und die Entstehung der kanonischen Evangelien, p. 191).
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