page_title: Berrima, New South Wales
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Berrima, New South Wales / History
caption_attribution_description: English: The Surveyor General Inn at Berrima, NSW, established in 1834, claims to be Australia's oldest continuously-licensed inn
context_page_description: Berrima is a historic village in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in Wingecarribee Shire. The village, once a major town, is located on the Old Hume Highway between Canberra and Sydney. It was previously known officially as the Town of Berrima. It is close to the three major towns of the Southern Highlands; Mittagong, Bowral and Moss Vale.
context_section_description: The area around Berrima was once occupied by the Dharawal Aborigines. They had been driven off or killed by the 1870s.
  The region and Wingecarribee River was first visited by Europeans during the late 1790s, including a 1798 expedition led by an ex-convict, John Wilson.  However, John and Hamilton Hume rediscovered the area in 1814.  The area was explored by Charles Throsby in 1818.  Runs were taken up soon after, including by one by Charles Throsby.  Harper's Mansion, which is on a hill overlooking the town, was built from 1829 to 1830.  Bong Bong had been planned as a major town for the county but, as it was flood prone, the New South Wales surveyor-general Thomas Mitchell chose Berrima townsite on the road running south from Sydney to Goulburn with the intention that the town be the chief centre for southern New South Wales.  The survey was conducted in 1830 and the town plan was approved in 1831.  As well as its being an administrative centre, there were ambitions that the town might become a commercial and manufacturing centre, "where the wool of Argyle and Camden might be made into cloth and the hide into leather".
  The courthouse (see below) was built between 1833 and 1838.  The gaol (see below) was built from 1835 by convict labour and opened in 1839.  The Surveyor General Inn was built in 1834.  It has been continuously licensed since 1839 and its claim to being the earliest hotel rests on its continual licence and being in the original building.  Berrima prospered as being at a point on the Old Hume Highway, and there were fourteen hotels in or near the town in the 1840s. However, because the construction of the railway bypassed the town, the population decreased – no new houses were built for a hundred years.  In 1896, Sir Henry Parkes, premier of New South Wales, planted an oak tree near the post office.
  There are many historic buildings in the town and the village as a whole is listed on the Register of the National Estate.  Other notable buildings include the Holy Trinity Anglican Church designed by Edmund Blacket and built in 1849; and the St Francis Xavier Catholic Church built 1849–51 designed by Augustus Pugin, a notable British architect of Gothic-revival buildings. The Berrima Village Trust was established in 1963 to preserve historic buildings.
  Berrima was bypassed by a new section of the Hume Highway in March 1989.
caption: The Surveyor General Inn at Berrima was established in 1834
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