page_title: Cardinals created by Pius XI
section_title: 11 December 1922
hierarchical_section_title: Cardinals created by Pius XI / 11 December 1922
caption_attribution_description: English: French cardinal Alexis-Armand Charost (1860-1930)
context_page_description: In sixteen years, Pope Pius XI created 76 cardinals in 17 consistories. Though he created 18 cardinals at a consistory in 1935, he typically created very few cardinals at one time, holding small, frequent consistories, some of them less than six months apart. He held a consistory in 1929 to create just one cardinal, and created just two on eight occasions.
  Of his appointments to the College of Cardinals, 43 were Italians. He appeared to strive to maintain an equilibrium between Italians and non-Italians and two of his consistories produced an equal division between the two groups, in March 1924 and December 1927. Non-Italians formed a majority of the College for several months in 1925 and again from 1928 to 1933. This balance reflected concerns about the independence of the Holy See and Italy during Benedict's papacy, and their new relationship established with the Lateran Treaty in 1929.
  At its largest during his papacy, in December 1935, the College had 68 members, two short of the maximum size of 70 set by Pope Sixtus V in 1586. In 1927 he accepted a cardinal's resignation, the only one to occur in the 20th century.
context_section_description: Pius created eight cardinals at his first consistory, which six of them attended. Reig, Archbishop of Toledo, received his red hat from the King of Spain, and Locatelli, Papal Nuncio to Portugal, from the President of the Portuguese Republic. In the case of Reig y Casanova, a widower, Pius ignored the rule established in 1585 by Pope Sixtus V that no one who had been married could be made a cardinal. Father Ehrle, a Jesuit who had served as Vatican Archivist for several years, initially declined the honor, but relented after a private meeting with Pius.
  Achille Locatelli (1856–1935)
  Giovanni Bonzano (1867–1927)
  Enrique Reig y Casanova (1858–1927)
  Alexis-Armand Charost (1860–1930)
  Eugenio Tosi (1864–1929)
  Stanislas Touchet (1842–1926)
  Giuseppe Mori (1850–1934)
  Franz Ehrle (1845–1934)
caption: Alexis-Armand Charost (1860–1930), made a cardinal on 11 December 1922.
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