page_title: Lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate interface
section_title: Synthesis methods
hierarchical_section_title: Lanthanum aluminate-strontium titanate interface / Synthesis methods
caption_attribution_description: English: This is a simple diagram of pulsed laser deposition, a technique for depositing thin layers of materials.
context_page_description: The interface between lanthanum aluminate and strontium titanate is a notable materials interface because it exhibits properties not found in its constituent materials. Individually, LaAlO₃ and SrTiO₃ are non-magnetic insulators, yet LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces can exhibit electrical metallic conductivity, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, large negative in-plane magnetoresistance, and giant persistent photoconductivity. The study of how these properties emerge at the LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interface is a growing area of research in condensed matter physics.
context_section_description: Most LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces are synthesized using pulsed laser deposition. A high-power laser ablates a LaAlO₃ target, and the plume of ejected material is deposited onto a heated SrTiO₃ substrate. Typical conditions used are:
  Laser wavelength of 248 nm
  Laser fluence of 0.5 J/cm² to 2 J/cm²
  Substrate temperature of 600 °C to 850 °C
  Background oxygen pressure of 10⁻⁵ Torr to 10⁻³ Torr
  Some LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces have also been synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy, sputtering, and atomic layer deposition.
caption: Interfaces are synthesized by shooting a laser at a LaAlO3 target. Ablated material flies off the target and lands onto a heated SrTiO3 crystal.
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