page_title: Black Hundreds
section_title: Incitement to violence
hierarchical_section_title: Black Hundreds / Incitement to violence
caption_attribution_description: English: A mock certificate. It roughly translates as: THE MAIN GOVERNING BODY OF THE BLACK HUNDRED AND "TRULY RUSSIAN PERSONS". Certificate Issued to the holder of this [certificate], to certify that he is not a student nor an intellectual, and hence is not fit for beating, this we ourselves affirm with the affixure of the form stamp. Chairman: SHMAKOV. Due to his illiteracy, signed by Privatdozent: NIKOLSKY. Clerk: KRUSHEVAN. Secretary: NEIGARDT.
context_page_description: The Black Hundred, also known as the black-hundredists, was an ultra-nationalist movement in Russia in the early 20th century. It was a staunch supporter of the House of Romanov and opposed any retreat from the autocracy of the reigning monarch. The name apparently arose from the Medieval concept of "black", or common people, organized into militias.
  The Black Hundreds were also noted for extremism and incitement to pogroms, nationalistic Russocentric doctrines, and different xenophobic beliefs, including anti-Ukrainian sentiment and anti-semitism.
  The ideology of Chernosotentsy is based on a slogan formulated by Count Uvarov "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality".
context_section_description: When two Duma delegates, Grigori Borisovich Iollos (Poltava province) and Mikhail Herzenstein (b. 1859, d. 1906 in Terijoki), both from the Constitutional Democratic Party, were assassinated by members of the Black Hundreds, their press organ Russkoe Znamya declared openly that "Real Russians assassinated Herzenstein and Iollos with knowledge of officials", and expressed regret that "only two Jews perished in the crusade against revolutionaries." The black hundred were known to have used violence and torture on anyone they believed was a threat to the Tsar.
caption: Anti-"Black Hundred" satire. A certificate: "The bearer of this document is neither a student nor a member of the intelligentsia, and is thus not fit for beating" issued by the "Chief Directorate of Black Hundred"
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