page_title: 3D television
section_title: Displaying technologies
hierarchical_section_title: 3D television / Technologies / Displaying technologies
caption_attribution_description: English: visualization how passive 3D TVs work Deutsch: Schematische Zeichnung der Funktionsweise von passiven 3D-Brillen und entsprechenden Fernsehern.
context_page_description: 3D television is television that conveys depth perception to the viewer by employing techniques such as stereoscopic display, multi-view display, 2D-plus-depth, or any other form of 3D display. Most modern 3D television sets use an active shutter 3D system or a polarized 3D system, and some are autostereoscopic without the need of glasses. As of 2019, most 3D TV sets and services are no longer available.
context_section_description: The basic requirement is to display offset images that are filtered separately to the left and right eye. Two strategies have been used to accomplish this: have the viewer wear eyeglasses to filter the separately offset images to each eye, or have the light source split the images directionally into the viewer's eyes (no glasses required). Common 3D display technology for projecting stereoscopic image pairs to the viewer include:
  With filters/lenses:
  Anaglyph 3D – with passive color filters
  Polarized 3D system – with passive polarization filters
  Active shutter 3D system – with active shutters
  Head-mounted display – with a separate display positioned in front of each eye, and lenses used primarily to relax eye focus
  Without lenses: Autostereoscopic displays, sometimes referred to commercially as Auto 3D.
  Others:
  In a CEATEC 2011 exhibition, Hitachi released glasses-free 3D projection systems that use a set of 24 projectors, lenses, and translucent half mirrors to superimpose 3D images with a horizontal viewing angle of 60 degrees and a vertical viewing angle of 30 degrees. Besides Hitachi, Sony is also working on similar technologies.
  Single-view displays project only one stereo pair at a time. Multi-view displays either use head tracking to change the view depending on the viewing angle, or simultaneous projection of multiple independent views of a scene for multiple viewers (automultiscopic). Such multiple views can be created on the fly using the 2D-plus-depth format.
  Various other display techniques have been described, such as holography, volumetric display, and the Pulfrich effect, which was used in Doctor Who  Dimensions in Time, in 1993, by 3rd Rock From The Sun in 1997, and by the Discovery Channel's Shark Week in 2000.
caption: Functional principle of polarized 3D systems.
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