page_title: Technology during World War I
section_title: Clothing
hierarchical_section_title: Technology during World War I / Trench warfare / Clothing
caption_attribution_description: English: German helmets of WWI. Poster of the temporary exhibition about WWI (june-nov. 2014) in Paris-Est railways station (France). Français&#160;: Casques allemands de la Première Guerre Mondiale. Affiche de l'exposition temporaire sur la Première Guerre Mondiale, gare de Paris-Est (juin-nov. 2014)
context_page_description: Technology during World War I reflected a trend toward industrialism and the application of mass-production methods to weapons and to the technology of warfare in general. This trend began at least fifty years prior to World War I during the American Civil War of 1861–1865,
  and continued through many smaller conflicts in which soldiers and strategists tested new weapons.
  World War I weapons included types standardised and improved over the preceding period, together with some newly developed types using innovative technology and a number of improvised weapons used in trench warfare. Military technology of the time included important innovations in machine guns, grenades, and artillery, along with essentially new weapons such as submarines, poison gas, warplanes and tanks.
  One could characterize the earlier years of the First World War as a clash of 20th-century technology with 19th-century military science creating ineffective battles with huge numbers of casualties on both sides.
context_section_description: The British and German armies had already changed from red coat (British army) (1902) or Prussian blue (1910) for field uniforms, to less conspicuous khaki or field gray. Adolphe Messimy, Joseph Gallieni and other French leaders had proposed following suit, but the French army marched to war in their traditional red trousers, and only began receiving the new "horizon blue" ones in 1915.
  A type of raincoat for British officers, introduced long before the war, gained fame as the trench coat.
  The principal armies entered the war under cloth caps or leather helmets. They hastened to develop new steel helmets, in designs that became icons of their respective countries.
caption: German helmets went from leather to steel
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