page_title: Max Samuel
section_title: Last years in Britain
hierarchical_section_title: Max Samuel / Life / Last years in Britain
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Grab Max Samuels, geboren am 9. Januar 1883 als Max Itzig in Argenau (Kujawien), damals Provinz Posen, Königreich Preußen, Deutschland, ab 1888 Max Samuel, gestorben am 2. September 1942 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England, Großbritannien und Nordirland, im Jüdischen Abteil des 'Blackburn Old Cemetery' English: Grave of Max Samuel, born on 9 January 1883, né Itzig, in Argenau (Kuyavia), then Province of Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, as of 1888 Max Samuel, died on 2 September 1942 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in the Jewish section of the Blackburn Old Cemetery
context_page_description: Max Samuel was a businessman and self-made man, founder and managing-director of the EMSA-Werke, chair of the Jewish congregation in Rostock and head deputy of the Israelite Upper Council of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
context_section_description: Among the Samuel family the three Kaisers were the first to find a new home in Britain, a house near Corporation Park, Blackburn, taking in Ilse Samuel and in the course of 1939 Hermann Kaiser's parents Simon Kaiser (1876–1950) and Fanny Wertheim (1875–1948) from Mardorf in Hesse, their other son Hugo, daughter-in-law Dinah and the latters' twin sons, while Herbert first stayed in London preparing the move of the company office. Max Samuel first lived in a hotel in Blackburn until in 1939 he found a house on 2, Azalea Road to move in with Julie and Hermann Geßner, having arrived in Britain after a two day journey on 30 June 1939, first staying with the Kaisers. By the time of the British 1939 National Registration also Hoffmann lived with Max Samuel.
   
  Kate, her husband, and their daughter left in January 1940 for Tulsa, Oklahoma, receiving Affidavits of Support and Sponsorship by the Kaisers' relatives there. Soon after, the German and Soviet invasion of Poland had been followed by the German occupation of much of western and central Europe and the Soviet occupation of much of eastern Europe. The British government, alone in its military resistance to Nazi Germany, ordered the internment of enemy aliens. Hugo Kaiser was interned and only released shortly before emigrating with his wife to Tulsa in May 1940, while Herbert Samuel was spared from internment on the grounds of his task as business manager and Max Samuel due to his bad heart condition. 
  On 16 May 1940 a fire broke out in the rooms of Lancashire Manufacturers Ltd. on the floor above the EMSA-works in the Paterson Street Mill premises, with Herbert and Max Samuel racing to help, fighting damages by leaking quench water with machinery and stocks of the EMSA-Works, while Hermann Geßner attended his dying wife at the Herbert's and Ilse's, then on Barker Lane. 
   
  In his last years in Britain Max Samuel became very gloomy, melancholic, and pessimistic. Denaturalised, like about 250,000 other Jewish Germans, by a German decree issued on 25 November 1941, Max Samuel remained stateless until his death. Not long before his death he received the information about the birth of his grandson George Kaiser. Max Samuel died in Blackburn at the age of 59. He was buried in the Jewish section of the Blackburn Old Cemetery. The Friends of Blackburn Old Cemetery take care of his grave and those of his relatives (brother-in-law Geßner and the latter's two wives) buried in the same cemetery.
caption: Max Samuel's grave in the Blackburn Old Cemetery, Jewish Section, Whalley New Road, 2019
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