page_title: Triops
section_title: Taxonomy
hierarchical_section_title: Triops / Taxonomy
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: De Triop, buikaanzicht en rugaanzicht
context_page_description: Triops is a genus of small crustaceans in the order Notostraca. Some species are considered living fossils, with a fossil record that reaches back to the late Carboniferous, 300 million years ago. The long lasting resting eggs of one species, Triops longicaudatus, are commonly sold in kits as a pet. In contact with fresh water the animals hatch. Most Triops have a life expectancy of up to 90 days, and can tolerate a pH range of 6–10. In nature they often inhabit temporary pools.
context_section_description: The name Triops comes from the Greek τρία
  (tría) meaning "three" and ὤψ (ops) meaning "eye". The head of T. longicaudatus bears a pair of dorsal compound eyes that lie close to each other and are nearly fused together. The compound eyes are generally sessile (not stalked). In addition, there is a naupliar ocellus (the "third eye") between them. The compound eyes are on the surface of the head, but the ocellus is deep within the head. All the eyes, however, are easily visible through the shell covering of the head.
  Franz von Paula Schrank was the first author to use the genus name Triops, coining it in his 1803 work on the fauna of Bavaria. Their German name was Dreyauge, which means 'three-eye'. He collected and described specimens from the same locality in Regensburg from which Schäffer, another naturalist who had studied the Notostraca, obtained his specimens in the 1750s. However, other authors, starting with Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc, had adopted the genus name Apus for the organisms Schrank had named Triops
  Ludwig Keilhack used the genus name Triops in his 1909 field identification key of the freshwater fauna of Germany. He suggested that the genus name Apus be replaced by Triops Schrank since an avian genus had already been described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli under the name Apus. However, Robert Gurney preferred the name Apus Schäffer. He suggested that the name '…Triops Schrank, may be returned to the obscurity from which it was unearthed'. This controversy continued and was not resolved until the 1950s.
  In his 1955 taxonomic review of the Notostraca, Alan R. Longhurst supported Keilhack's genus name Triops over Apus. Longhurst provided historical evidence to support this position. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) followed Longhurst in their 1958 ruling on the usage and origin of the genus names Triops and Apus. They rejected the genus name Apus and instead recognized the genus name Triops Schrank, 1803 (ICZN name no. 1246).
  Although the taxonomy of the genus has not been reviewed since 1955, the following species are recognised:
  Triops australiensis (Spencer & Hall, 1895)
  Triops baeticus Korn, 2010
  Triops cancriformis (Bosc, 1801)
  Triops emeritensis Korn & Pérez-Bote, 2010
  Triops gadensis Korn & García-de-Lomas, 2010
  Triops granarius (Lucas, 1864)
  Triops longicaudatus (LeConte, 1846)
  Triops mauritanicus Ghigi, 1921
  Triops newberryi Thomas, 1921
  Triops vicentinus Korn, Machado, Cristo & Cancela da Fonseca, 2010
  T. mauritanicus was considered a subspecies of T. cancriformis by Longhurst in 1955, but was given full species status again by Korn et al. in 2006.
  Note that for several of these species there are different varieties, some of which have recently been suggested as subspecies and even separate species. T. longicaudatus, for example, may actually be several species lumped together, and T. cancriformis is generally recognized as having three subspecies: T. cancriformis cancriformis,
  T. c. mauretanicus, and T. c. simplex. Also, the albino form has the special name of T. cancriformis var. Beni-Kabuto Ebi.
caption: Upper and underside Triops. 1 eyes, 2 antennae, 3 tail, 4 torso, 5 antenne, 6 1st torso appendix, 7 legs with gill, 8 middelline, 9 tail, 10 anus
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