page_title: Etch A Sketch
section_title: Mechanics
hierarchical_section_title: Etch A Sketch / Mechanics
caption_attribution_description: English: Basic mechanism of operating a 2-dimensional plotter. All of the numbered components correspond to those which move the plotter's stylus horizontally, and the lettered components with those which move it vertically. Device consists of a series of 10 pulleys, 6 cables, 2 rails, and a stylus. Pulley 1 (single-groove) is connected to pulley 2 (triple-groove) via a short infinite reciprocating cable. Two connects to 3 (double-groove) via a longer reciprocating cable which is attached along its upper course to one end of the vertical rail (6), and then a third cable runs from 2 to 3, 4 and 5 (4 and 5 are single-groove) via another much longer loop of cable which attaches between 4 and 5 to the other end of the vertical rail. Likewise, A connects to B, B connects to C and attaches to the horizontal rail (F), and finally B connects to C, D, and E, attaching to F at its other end between D and E. Turning pulley 1 counterclockwise as shown causes 2 to rotate the same way, and this causes all pulleys connected to 2 (3, 4, and 5) to do the same. The rail to which these cables is connected (6, connection points marked in red) will move to the left both at ends, causing the stylus to move in the same direction along the other rail (F). Clockwise movement of pulley 1 has the opposite effect. Pulleys A-E operate the same as 1-5, and act on the horizontal rail (F) to slide the stylus up and down along the vertical one (6).
context_page_description: Etch A Sketch is a mechanical drawing toy invented by André Cassagnes of France and subsequently manufactured by the Ohio Art Company and now owned by Spin Master of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  An Etch A Sketch has a thick, flat gray screen in a red plastic frame. There are two white knobs on the front of the frame in the lower corners. Twisting the knobs moves a stylus that displaces aluminum powder on the back of the screen, leaving a solid line. The knobs create lineographic images. The left control moves the stylus horizontally, and the right one moves it vertically.
  The Etch A Sketch was introduced near the peak of the Baby Boom on 12 July 1960 for $2.99. It went on to sell 600,000 units that year and is one of the best known toys of that era. In 1998, it was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame at The Strong, in Rochester, New York. In 2003, the Toy Industry Association named Etch A Sketch one of the 100 most memorable toys of the 20th century. The Etch A Sketch has since sold over 100 million units world wide.
context_section_description: The toy is a kind of plotter. The inside surface of the glass screen is coated with aluminium powder, which is then scraped off by a movable stylus, leaving a dark line on the light gray screen. The stylus is controlled by the two large knobs, one of which moves it vertically and the other horizontally. Turning both knobs simultaneously makes diagonal lines. To erase the picture, the user turns the toy upside down and shakes it. Doing this causes polystyrene beads to smooth out and re-coat the inside surface of the screen with aluminum powder. The "black" line merely exposes the darkness inside the toy. Scraping out large "black" areas allows enough light through to expose parts of the interior.
caption: Basic mechanism of operating a 2-dimensional plotter.  The numbered components correspond to those that move the stylus horizontally, and the lettered components with those that move it vertically.  The device has ten pulleys, six cables, two rails, and a stylus.  Pulley 1 (single-groove) connects to pulley 2 (triple-groove) via a short infinite reciprocating cable.  Pulley 2 connects to 3 (double-groove) via a longer reciprocating cable attached along its upper course to one end of the vertical rail (6), and then a third cable runs from 2 to 3, 4, and 5 (4 and 5 are single-groove) via another much longer loop of cable between 4 and 5 to the other end of the vertical rail.  Likewise, A connects to B, B connects to C and attaches to the horizontal rail (F), and finally B connects to C, D, and E, attaching to F at its other end between D and E.  Turning pulley 1 counterclockwise makes 2 rotate the same way, and this makes all pulleys connected to 2 (3, 4, and 5) do the same.  The rail these cables connect to (6, connection points marked in red) move to the left both at ends, making the stylus move in the same direction along the other rail (F).  Clockwise movement of pulley 1 has the opposite effect. Pulleys A-E operate the same as 1-5, and act on the horizontal rail (F) to slide the stylus up and down along the vertical one (6).
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