page_title: Lundy
section_title: Civil war
hierarchical_section_title: Lundy / History / Civil war
caption_attribution_description: Exterior of St. Helen's Church prior to renovations, taken in 2015
context_page_description: Lundy is an English island in the Bristol Channel. It forms part of the district of Torridge in the county of Devon.
  About 3 miles long and ⁵⁄₈ mi wide, Lundy has had a long and turbulent history, frequently changing hands between the British crown and various usurpers. In the 1920s, one self-proclaimed king, Martin Harman, tried to issue his own coinage and was fined by the House of Lords. In 1941, two German Heinkel He 111 bombers crash landed on the island, their crews captured. In 1969, Lundy was purchased by British millionaire Jack Hayward, who donated it to the National Trust. It is managed by the Landmark Trust, a conservation charity that derives its income from day trips and holiday lettings. As of 2007, the island had a population of 28.
  As a steep, rocky island, often shrouded by fog, Lundy has been the scene of many shipwrecks, and the remains of its old lighthouse installations are of both historic and scientific interest. Its present-day lighthouses are fully automated, one of them solar-powered.
  Lundy has a rich bird life, as it lies on major migration routes, and attracts many vagrant as well as indigenous species.
context_section_description: In the English Civil War, Thomas Bushell held Lundy for King Charles I, rebuilding Marisco Castle and garrisoning the island at his own expense. He was a friend of Francis Bacon, a strong supporter of the Royalist cause and an expert on mining and coining. It was the last Royalist territory held between the first and second civil wars. After receiving permission from Charles I, Bushell surrendered the island on 24 February 1647 to Richard Fiennes, representing General Fairfax. In 1656, the island was acquired by Lord Saye and Sele.
caption: Exterior of St. Helen's Church, taken prior to the 2018 renovations
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