page_title: Rubus
section_title: Scientific classification
hierarchical_section_title: Rubus / Scientific classification
caption_attribution_description: English: Two raspberries thoughtfully arranged.
context_page_description: Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, with 250–700 species.
  Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term "cane fruit", or "cane berry", applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
context_section_description: The genus Rubus is a very complex one, particularly the blackberry/dewberry subgenus (Rubus), with polyploidy, hybridization, and facultative apomixis apparently all frequently occurring, making species classification of the great variation in the subgenus one of the grand challenges of systematic botany.
  Rubus species have a basic chromosome number of seven. Polyploidy from the diploid (14 chromosomes) to the tetradecaploid (98 chromosomes) is exhibited.
  Some treatments have recognized dozens of species each for what other, comparably qualified botanists have considered single, more variable species.  On the other hand, species in the other Rubus subgenera (such as the raspberries) are generally distinct, or else involved in more routine one-or-a-few taxonomic debates, such as whether the European and American red raspberries are better treated as one species or two (in this case, the two-species view is followed here, with Rubus idaeus and R. strigosus both recognized;  if these species are combined, then the older name R. idaeus has priority for the broader species).
  Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following morphological data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.
  The classification presented below recognizes 13 subgenera within Rubus, with the largest subgenus (Rubus) in turn divided into 12 sections.  Representative examples are presented, but many more species are not mentioned here. A comprehensive 2019 study found subgenera Orobatus and Anoplobatus to be monophyletic, while all other subgenera to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.
  Subgenus Anoplobatus
  Rubus aboriginum (garden dewberry)
  Rubus aliceae
  Rubus deliciosus
  Rubus koehleri
  Rubus neomexicanus
  Rubus odoratus
  Rubus parviflorus (thimbleberry)
  Subgenus Chamaebatus
  Rubus calycinus
  Rubus hayata-koidzumii
  Rubus nivalis (snow raspberry)
  Rubus pectinellus
  Subgenus Chamaemorus
  Rubus chamaemorus
  Rubus pseudochamaemorus
  Subgenus Comaropsis
  Rubus geoides
  Subgenus Cylactis
  Rubus arcticus
  Rubus fockeanus
  Rubus humulifolius
  Rubus lasiococcus
  Rubus pedatus
  Rubus saxatilis
  Rubus sierrae
  Rubus xanthocarpus
  Subgenus Diemenicus
  Rubus gunnianus
  Subgenus Dalibardastrum
  Rubus amphidasys
  Rubus nepalensis
  Rubus tricolor
  Rubus tsangiorum
  Subgenus Idaeobatus
  Rubus acuminatissimus
  Rubus adenophorus (syn. R. sagatus)
  Rubus alexeterius
  Rubus alpestris
  Rubus amabilis
  Rubus apetalus
  Rubus archboldianus
  Rubus aurantiacus
  Rubus biflorus
  Rubus chingii
  Rubus cockburnianus
  Rubus columellaris
  Rubus copelandii
  Rubus corchorifolius
  Rubus coreanus
  Rubus crataegifolius
  Rubus croceacanthus
  Rubus ellipticus
  Rubus eustephanos
  Rubus flosculosus
  Rubus fraxinifolius
  Rubus glabricarpus
  Rubus grayanus
  Rubus hawaiensis
  Rubus hirsutus
  Rubus hoffmeisterianus
  Rubus hypargyrus
  Rubus idaeus
  Rubus illecebrosus
  Rubus innominatus
  Rubus inopertus
  Rubus irritans
  Rubus komarovii
  Rubus lasiostylus
  Rubus leucodermis
  Rubus ludwigii
  Rubus lutescens
  Rubus macilentus
  Rubus macraei
  Rubus mesogaeus
  Rubus microphyllus
  Rubus minusculus
  Rubus niveus
  Rubus occidentalis
  Rubus palmatus
  Rubus parvifolius
  Rubus peltatus
  Rubus pentagonus
  Rubus phoenicolasius
  Rubus pileatus
  Rubus pinfaensis
  Rubus pinnatus
  Rubus probus
  Rubus pungens
  Rubus queenslandicus
  Rubus racemosus
  Rubus rigidus
  Rubus rosifolius
  Rubus sachalinensis
  Rubus simplex
  Rubus spectabilis
  Rubus stans
  Rubus strigosus
  Rubus suavissimus
  Rubus subornatus
  Rubus sumatranus
  Rubus teledapos
  Rubus thibetanus
  Rubus trianthus
  Rubus trifidus
  Rubus vernus
  Subgenus Lampobatus
  Rubus acanthophyllos
  Rubus adenothallus
  Rubus adenotrichos
  Rubus betonicifolius
  Rubus bogotensis
  Rubus briareus
  Rubus bullatus
  Rubus choachiensis
  Rubus coriaceus
  Rubus costaricanus
  Rubus eggersii
  Rubus eriocarpus
  Rubus fagifolius
  Rubus florulentus
  Rubus gachetensis
  Rubus giganteus
  Rubus glabratus
  Rubus glaucus
  Rubus hondurensis
  Rubus imperialis
  Rubus irasuensis
  Rubus macvaughianus
  Rubus megalococcus
  Rubus nubigenus
  Rubus peruvianus
  Rubus roseus
  Rubus sapidus
  Rubus shankii
  Rubus trichomallus
  Rubu
caption: Commercially produced R. strigosus raspberries
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