page_title: Kelly Barnes Dam
section_title: Dam failure
hierarchical_section_title: Kelly Barnes Dam / Dam failure
caption_attribution_description: English: View of Kelly Barnes Dam breach
context_page_description: Kelly Barnes Dam was an earthen embankment dam located in Stephens County, Georgia, just outside the city of Toccoa. It collapsed on November 6, 1977, after heavy rainfall, and the resulting flood killed 39 people and caused $2.8 million in damage. The dam was never rebuilt, and the Toccoa Falls downstream of the dam site is now a memorial and tourist attraction on the campus of Toccoa Falls College.
context_section_description: On November 6, 1977, at 1:30 am, the Kelly Barnes Dam failed after four days of heavy rain: seven inches (180 mm) had fallen from November 2 to 5 — half of that between 6 pm and midnight on November 5. The rain swelled Barnes Lake, which normally held 17,859,600 cubic feet (505,730 m³) of water, to an estimated 27,442,800 cubic feet (777,090 m³) of water. 
  A total of 200 feet (61 m) of the dam failed, causing a peak of 24,000 cubic feet per second (680 m³/s) maximum discharge to burst downstream. .
  The flood killed 39 people and destroyed nine houses, 18 house trailers, two college buildings and many motor vehicles. Five houses and five college buildings were also damaged. Two bridges on Toccoa Falls Drive and a culvert at County Farm Road were completely destroyed. The embankments at Georgia State Route 17 were destroyed on either side of the bridge, and one of the bridge abutments at Highview Road was destroyed. The water-supply pipe for the city of Toccoa was damaged and the city's water supply was contaminated for several days. The cost of the damage was $2.8 million. 
  After the flood, Georgia's Governor George Busbee called for an immediate investigation, which was carried out by a Federal Investigative Board of the United States Geological Survey. Their report was released December 21, 1977, with no specific causes cited for the failure. The investigators had no engineering plans for the dam and records of construction on the dam were based on witnesses, pictures, and newspaper articles.
  The investigation did, however, cite several possible or probable causes. The failure of the dam's slope may have contributed to weakness in the structure, particularly in the heavy rain. A collapse of the low-level spillway could have also exacerbated this problem. A 1973 photo showed a 12-foot-high (3.7 m), 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) slide had occurred on the downstream face of the dam, which may have also contributed or foreshadowed the dam failure. Overall, the dam itself was in poor condition and lacked a sufficient design.
caption: Looking upstream through dam break, November 7, 1977.
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