page_title: Chancellor of Austria
section_title: Habsburg Monarchy
hierarchical_section_title: Chancellor of Austria / History / Habsburg Monarchy
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Das österreichische Bundeskanzleramt, Ballhausplatz 2, 1010 Wien. &#160; This media shows the protected monument with the number 50446 in Austria. (Commons, de, Wikidata)
context_page_description: The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of the Republic of Austria.
  The position corresponds to that of prime minister in other parliamentary democracies. The term is gendered in the German language.
  Austria is led by a chancellor – Kanzler Sebastian Kurz – since 7 January 2020, after concluding the process of forming a coalition following the September 2019 Austrian parliamentary elections. Kurz, the youthful leader of the ÖVP and former head of a coalition government with the FPÖ that was brought down by a vote of no confidence following the Ibiza scandal, won a resounding victory over his party's former coalition partners, but not a majority of seats in the National Council, the lower house of the Austria's Parliament. Kurz negotiated with the Green Party to form what became an unprecedented variant of a coalition government at the federal level, but would not mark the first success of the environmentalist movement in national politics. Austria's nominally nonpartisan federal president, Alexander Van der Bellen, had made his name in Austrian politics as a leader of the Greens. Austria has never yet had a female president.
context_section_description: Nevertheless, when Maximilian's grandson Ferdinand I succeeded him as Archduke of Austria in 1521, his elder brother Emperor Charles V (1519–1556) appointed Mercurino Gattinara as "Grand Chancellor of all the realms and kingdoms of the king" (Großkanzler aller Länder und Königreiche). The separate position of an Austrian Court Chancellor appeared as a  Österreichische Hofkanzlei around 1526, when the Habsburg Monarchy arose with the Bohemian and Hungarian inheritance; it was however once again merged with the equivalent Reichshofkanzlei office of the Holy Roman Empire in 1559.
  Upon the 1620 Battle of White Mountain and the suppression of the Bohemian revolt, Emperor Ferdinand II had separate Court Chancelleries established in order to strengthen the unity of the Habsburg hereditary lands. Beside a Bohemian and Hungarian chancellery, he created the office of an Austrian chancellor in Vienna, responsible for the Archduchy of Austria proper (i.e. Upper and Lower Austria) with the Inner Austrian territories and Tyrol. Under Emperor Leopold I (1658–1705) the term again became Hofkanzler with Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher (1667–1683), and Theodor von Strattman (1683–1693).
  The eighteenth century was dominated by Prince Wenzel Anton of Kaunitz-Rietberg (1753–1792), who was Chancellor to four Habsburg emperors from Maria Theresa to Francis II, with the titles of both Hofkanzler and Staatskanzler. He was succeeded by Johann Philipp von Cobenzl (1792–1793), who was dismissed by Emperor Francis II over the Partition of Poland and was succeeded by Johann Amadeus Francis de Paula (Baron Thugot) (1793–1800). Thugot's chancellorship did not survive the Austrian defeats by the French at the battles of Marengo and Hohenlinden in 1800 and he was replaced by Johan Ludwig Joseph Cobenzl (1800–1805), his predecessor's cousin, but who in turn was dismissed following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805.
caption: Federal Chancellery on Ballhausplatz, former Geheime Hofkanzlei
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