page_title: Patrick Manning
section_title: Second term as Prime Minister
hierarchical_section_title: Patrick Manning / Life / Second term as Prime Minister
caption_attribution_description: English: Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon England, left, talks with Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Patrick Manning during a closed door meeting inside the Pentagon June 23, 2008. Defense Dept. photo by U.S. Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class Molly A. Burgess.
context_page_description: The Hon. Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning was a Trinidadian and Tobagonian politician who was the fourth Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago; his terms ran from 17 December 1991 to 9 November 1995 and from 24 December 2001 to 26 May 2010. He was also Political Leader of the People's National Movement from 1987 to 2010. A geologist by training, Manning served as Member of Parliament for the San Fernando East constituency from 1971 until 2015 when he was replaced by Randall Mitchell and was the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives. He was the Leader of the Opposition from 1986 to 1990 and again from 1995 to 2001.
  Manning was born in San Fernando and received his secondary education at Presentation College, San Fernando, and his Bachelor's Degree from the University of the West Indies at Mona, in 1969. After graduation, he returned to Trinidad where he worked as a geologist for Texaco. He entered Parliament in 1971 representing the San Fernando East constituency.
context_section_description: In 1995, Manning called a General Election one full year before it was constitutionally due. In this election both the PNM and the UNC won 17 seats each and the NAR won 2 seats. The UNC and the NAR united in a coalition and formed the government; Basdeo Panday replaced Manning as Prime Minister. Manning served as Leader of the Opposition once again, also losing the 2000 elections. The 2001 elections ended in a tie, with both the Opposition PNM and the governing United National Congress winning 18 seats. President A. N. R. Robinson appointed Manning as Prime Minister. In addition to prime ministership, Manning was also Minister of Finance from 2001 to 2007.
  Unable to elect a Speaker of the House of Representatives, Manning proceeded to rule without Parliament until the need to pass a Budget forced him to call elections in October 2002. His party won this election with 20 seats to 16 for the UNC and formed the new government.
  Under the PNM administration, income taxes were substantially reduced and the Corporation Tax reduced from 35% to 25% of profits for most companies. The Government also instituted free university education. The economy grew a pace, primarily due to high natural gas and oil prices and to significant increases in natural gas production. In September 2007, Manning received an honorary doctorate from Medgar Evers College, CUNY.
caption: United States Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England, left, talks with Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Patrick Manning during a closed-door meeting inside The Pentagon 23 June 2008.
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