page_title: Student cap
section_title: Penne
hierarchical_section_title: Student cap / Belgium / Penne
caption_attribution_description: Penne aux couleurs du cercle de médecine (CM) de l'université libre de Bruxelles.
context_page_description: In various European countries, student caps of different types are, or have been, worn either as a marker of a common identity, as is the case in the Nordic countries, or to identify the wearer as a member of a smaller body within the larger group of students, as is the case with the caps worn by members of German Studentenverbindungen.
context_section_description: Like the calotte, the penne ("klak" in Dutch) is only awarded after a student-organized initiation ceremony. The number of gold stars represent the number of years of study, with silver stars representing years that were failed and re-done. For years of study before the initiation (if any), the stars are not placed centrally, but instead off to the side of the head. In Brussels, the student's official nickname is spelled out in brass pins along the rim of the hat. The colour of the band around the edge represents the faculty in which they study, with a different colour for each faculty. The hat is additionally extensively decorated as the student sees fit.
caption: A penne from the Université Libre de Bruxelles
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