page_title: Antonio Herrezuelo
section_title: Inquisition trial
hierarchical_section_title: Antonio Herrezuelo / Inquisition trial
caption_attribution_description: Presentación de Don Juan de Austria con motivo del auto de fe del doctor Cazalla
context_page_description: Antonio Herrezuelo, also called Antonio de Herrezuela, or Anton Herrezuelo, was a lawyer in Toro. He is considered a Protestant martyr.
context_section_description: The first autodafé in Valladolid was held on Trinity Sunday May 21 1559. The condemned Lutherans of the conventicle were brought before the court of the Inquisition in the large public marketplace of Valladolid. Tribunes were built in a semicircle. On one stand sat the Inquisitor General and Archbishop of Seville, Fernando Valdés (held office 1546-1566), with the entire Inquisitorial College, four other bishops and the colleges of civil servants. 200,000 spectators crowded the square, the streets, the windows and the rooftops.  Ministers, representatives of the secular authorities and many influential figures were in attendance. Along the route the condemned walked each house had a stage. People came from distances of 60-70 km and camped. A few persons were permitted to ride, or carry weapons. Before the palace on a special stage in the royal box, was the regent Infanta Juana, the sister of King Philip II, her nephew, the  crown prince of Asturias, the 13-year-old Infante Don Carlos, the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, Gaspar Zúñiga Avellaneda (term 1558-1569), the whole court and many nobles, attended the pre-dawn ceremony.  The events were also immortalized in copper engravings and other works of art. (See pictures.)
  From the Inquisition building next to the square, gunmen opened a passage through the crowd, followed by the prisoners guarded by officers of the Inquisition. The width of the processional path was staked, so that the prisoners could walk side by side in threes. Almost all bore signs of evident torture. In the foreground a cross wrapped in black cloth was carried, with the red flag of the Inquisition, bearing the names of the Pope and the King; these items were finally stowed on their own scaffolding. Leading the prisoners were the five siblings, including two clergymen and a nun. (For details see chapter Some other condemned.) The highest place on the stage received Dr Augustino de Cazalla, preacher and leader of the evangelical community of Valladolid and former chaplain to Charles V, then came his brother Francisco de Cazalla. Next to him was an effigy of a woman standing on a wooden box, dressed like the prisoners. The effigy represented Leonor de Vivero, the mother of the five siblings who had died in the prison. The box contained her remains. Her corpse was to be burnt together with her children. The inquisitors sat under a canopy, opposite was an altar, on which stood a crucifix, candlesticks and the other altars for the sacrifice of the mass.  Next to it was a pulpit from which Melchior Cano, a well-known, learned Dominican and Bishop of the Canaries, gave the one-hour sermon for the autodafé.
  After the ceremony, the Inquisitor of Valladolid, Francisco Baca, went to the tribune of the Infante and Infanta, and asked both to take an oath to protect the Inquisition and denounce any opponent of the Roman Catholic faith.(A translation of the oath formula is available in the State Lexicon indicated under sources.) Under this regulatory procedure of the Spanish Inquisition, which the royal couple Ferdinand and Isabella had introduced, the performing magistrate of the autodafé, would demand a corresponding oath. The formality would have occurred at the inauguration of the Inquisition in Valladolid and it is unlikely members of the ruling family actually swore the oath. Carlos and Juana responded to the request and took the oath on the cross in the Missal of the Archbishop of Seville, and received a blessing. The audience chanted this oath, that the Inquisition protect and promote: "To the death!" Other participants also swore the oath. Baca's approach was held an affront to the Crown and Don Carlos' attitude to the Inquisition remained negative for life. He died in 1568 shortly before the planned high treason trial.
caption: Presentation of Juan de Austria on the occasion of the Autodafé
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