page_title: Crampton locomotive
section_title: Manufactured in Great Britain
hierarchical_section_title: Crampton locomotive / Locomotive list / Manufactured in Great Britain
caption_attribution_description: Mounted Calotype depicting South Eastern Railway 4-2-0 Crampton locomotive no 136 “Folkstone” at the Great Exhibition of 1851. From Henry Fox Talbot's presentation report, Spicer Brothers, Wholesale Stationers, W. Clowes &amp; Sons, Printers, 1852.
context_page_description: A Crampton locomotive is a type of steam locomotive designed by Thomas Russell Crampton and built by various firms from 1846. The main British builders were Tulk and Ley and Robert Stephenson and Company.
  Notable features were a low boiler and large driving wheels. The crux of the Crampton patent was that the single driving axle was placed behind the firebox, so that the driving wheels could be very large. This helped to give this design a low centre of gravity, so that it did not require a very broad-gauge track to travel safely at high speeds. Its wheel arrangement was usually 4-2-0 or 6-2-0.
context_section_description: Built by: Tulk and Ley, all of 4-2-0 wheel arrangement:
  Notes:
  Namur was tested over 2,300 miles (3,700 km) on the LNWR  speeds up to 62 miles per hour (100 km/h) were recorded.  Delivery of Namur, Liege and the third engine ordered for Belgium was delayed, and they were purchased by the South Eastern Railway in December 1849, becoming SER Nos 81, 83 and 85.
  Larger boiler and cylinders than Namur. Rebuilt as a goods 0-4-2 in 1855.
  The LNWR obtained two other Crampton-type locomotives: Courier, 4-2-0, built at Crewe Works in 1847 and Liverpool, 6-2-0, built by Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy in 1848.
  the Dundee and Perth and Aberdeen Junction Railway was absorbed by the Scottish Central Railway in 1863.
  Built by: Robert Stephenson and Company
  
  Robert Stephenson and Company built a number of Crampton type locomotives for the South Eastern Railway and the London, Chatham and Dover Railway.  These were all of 4-2-0 wheel arrangement with inside cylinders and indirect drive.  The inside cylinders drove a crankshaft located in front of the firebox and the crankshaft was coupled to the driving wheels by outside rods.
  Notes:
  The name should have read Folkestone but was misspelled on the plate.  This locomotive was displayed at The Great Exhibition of 1851.  Bogie wheels 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m) diameter, driving wheels 6 feet (1.83 m) diameter. Cylinders 15 by 22 inches (381 mm × 559 mm). Weight 26 long tons 5 cwt (58,800 lb or 26.7 t).
  LCDR Echo class; rebuilt as conventional 4-4-0s in 1865–1866. They were not given numbers until 1874.
  Built by: Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy, all 4-2-0 except Liverpool which was 6-2-0.
  Notes:
  Liverpool, 6-2-0, built by Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy works number 355 of 1848. Driving wheels 8 feet (2.44 m) diameter, grate area 21.5 square feet (2.00 m²), heating area 2,290 square feet (213 m²), boiler pressure 120 lbf/in² (8.4 kgf/cm²; 830 kPa), cylinders 18 by 24 inches (457 mm × 610 mm). The locomotive was awarded a Gold Medal at the Great Exhibition of 1851.
  Built by: E. B. Wilson and Company
  Notes:
  Hauled the Royal Train in 1850, withdrawn from service in 1907.
  Built by: R and W Hawthorn
  Notes:
  LCDR Sondes class 4-4-0 ST. Rebuilt by Kirtley as LCDR F class 2-4-0 T in 1865.
  Built by: various builders
  Notes:
  Originally built as a 2-2-2, rebuilt as a Crampton 2+2-2–0 December 1848.
  0-4-0 locomotives, 4 ft (1,219 mm) gauge, Fire Queen preserved at Penrhyn Castle Railway Museum. Jenny Lind named after the opera singer, a friend of Crampton's wife Louisa.
  Sources differ on how many Crampton locomotives Longridge built for the Great Northern Railway.  Number 200 was later converted from a 4-2-0 to a conventional 2-2-2.  There were nine similar 2-2-2 locomotives numbered 91-99 and it is uncertain whether these were built as 2-2-2 or whether they were converted from 4-2-0 like number 200.
caption: SER No. 136 Folkstone with intermediate crankshaft at The Great Exhibition, 1851.
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