page_title: Montão de Trigo Island
section_title: Infrastructure
hierarchical_section_title: Montão de Trigo Island / Infrastructure
caption_attribution_description: Português: Obra que integra o acervo do Museu Paulista da USP. Coleção João Baptista de Campos Aguirra - Ref. Agente: Livro que da Rezão do Estado do Brasil feito em 1612
context_page_description: Montão de Trigo is a Brazilian island 14 km south from the coast of São Sebastião, São Paulo. Its summit reaches a height of 276 or 300 m above sea level according to different sources and its depth varies between 3 and 20 m. The island is the result of intense ancient volcanic activities.
  In between 20 minutes and half an hour, one can reach the island by renting a boat at the Juqueí and Barra do Una beaches. There are no beaches there, but access is made possible with an improvised pier.
context_section_description: For the last three centuries, the island has been permanently inhabited by caiçara families (around 52 in January 2012, a number that remained unchanged in March 2013 and in January 2014; the locals are known as "monteiros"), who earned in early 2012 permission to occupy and explore the island, which still belongs to the government, but will no longer be subjected to real state projects. The permission is part of a program by the federal government which aims to benefit small villages with native people throughout the country. The permissions are called TAUS - Termo de Autorização de Uso Sustentável (Term of Authorization of Sustainable Use). Normally, they are given to river villages in Northern Brazil; this was the first time an island population received such benefit. With the TAUS, the locals can request improvements such as sewer, drinking water and housing programs.
  The local population lives with little infrastructure: there's no electricity, so they live on batteries. There's no sewer system and many houses have no toilets, so the locals urinate and defecate in external dry toilets or simply in the woods. In 2012, no doctor had visited the island for two years.
  There's only one school which teaches up to the fourth grade (fifth since 2010), which has a bedroom for the teacher to spend the nights and only go back to the continent on the weekends.
  Since most marriages occur among the same family, most inhabitants share the Oliveira surname.
caption: 1612 map of part of the coastline of the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, with the island's location, still called "Monte de Trigo" at the time (Wheat Pile). The island is at the beginning of the sharp turn taken by the coastline in the drawing.
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