page_title: History of the Jews in Freiburg im Breisgau
section_title: National Socialism
hierarchical_section_title: History of the Jews in Freiburg im Breisgau / National Socialism
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Stolpersteine für Albert und Lina Abraham sowie Benjamin, Fanny, Rita, Klara und Sedy Grumbacher vor dem Haus Eisenbahnstraße 66, Freiburg im Breisgau.
context_page_description: The History of the Jews in Freiburg dates back to the Late Middle Ages when, at the site of today's Wasserstraße and Weberstraße, there was reference to a ghetto. In 1328, a synagogue was located at 6 Weberstraße.
context_section_description: At the end of January 1933 in Berlin, the seizing of control by the National Socialists quickly spread through Freiburg. On 6 March, the Nazis, without the consent of Mayor Karl Bender, hoisted the Swastika flag at Freiburg's City Hall. On 17 March, between 4 and 5 o'clock, the Social Democratic and Jewish parliamentary representative Christian Daniel Nußbaum was arrested, who then fatally injured a police officer with a shot through the apartment door. In the course of events, the publishing house of Volkswacht (Freiburg), or People's Guard, was stormed by members of the NSDAP, SA, SS and Der Stahlhelm, who threw 16,000 freshly printed newspapers onto the street and tried to light them. Journalist and Social Democrat Käthe Vordtriede thereby lost her job. On 18 March, all local organisations of the SPD and KPD, including their auxiliary and subsidiary organisations, were dissolved in Freiburg.
  On 28 March 1933, the Jewish SPD city councillor Max Mayer resigned his mandate as a result of the Provisional Law for the Co-ordination of Countries with the Reich. On 31 March 1933, SPD city councillor Robert Grumbach also resigned his mandate for the same reason. The Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses was only followed halfheartedly by the citizens of Freiburg.
  As in many places across Germany, during the Kristallnacht on 10 November 1938, the Old Synagogue went up in flames. Subsequently, 100 men aged 18 or older were taken to Dachau concentration camp north of Munich for "protective custody" and immigration detention.
  On 22 October 1940, as across Baden, the deportation of the Jews took place in Freiburg in accordance to the framework set out by the Wagner-Bürckel campaign. They were originally taken to Gurs internment camp near the Spanish border and then later to the extermination camps.
  Numerous "Stolpersteine" were installed across Freiburg as a way of recollecting those taken to the camps. The project "Vordtriede-Haus Freiburg" is devoted to the journalist Käthe Vordtriede and her children who had emigrated. She was the first female journalist of the newspaper Volkswacht. In the city district of Rieselfeld, a street is named after her since 2003.
caption: Stolpersteine for the Abraham and Grumbacher families, Eisenbahnstraße 66
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