page_title: History of human settlement in the Ural Mountains
section_title: The Middle Ages
hierarchical_section_title: History of human settlement in the Ural Mountains / The Middle Ages
caption_attribution_description: English: A map of Russia (Moscovia) published by Sigismund von Herberstein in 1549. Fragment: NE corner Русский: Тюмень (Чинги-Тура) на карте Сигизмунда фон Герберштейна опубликованной в 1549 году. Italiano: Carta della Russia (Moscovia) pubblicata da Sigismund von Herberstein nel 1549. Frammento: Angolo NE
context_page_description: The Ural Mountains extend from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan in the south over a distance of 1,500 mi, the boundary between Europe and Asia. Human occupation begins in the Paleolithic and continues to this day.
  Earliest presence is documented for the Homo neanderthalensis. Although no Neanderthal fossils were ever discovered, stone tools found at Byzovaya, that date to 33,000 years ago are attributed to the Mousterian culture.
  Indigenous people, that migrated in the prehistoric era belong to the Ural-Altaic language families, such as Finno-Ugric, Komi, Udmurts, Khants, Mansi; Samoyeds – Nenets; Tyurks – Bashkirs and Volga Tatars. The name "Uralic" derives from the fact that areas where these languages are spoken spread on both sides of the Ural Mountains. Also, the original homeland is commonly hypothesized to lie in the vicinity of the Urals. Proto-Uralic is the reconstructed language ancestral to the Uralic language family. The language was originally spoken in a small area about 7,000 to 2,000 years BCE, and expanded to differentiated proto-languages.
context_section_description: Complex archaeological cultures appeared in the Urals during the Middle Ages, characterized by ethnic descendants as the Sarmatians and Huns. At the same time, the ancestors of the Hungarians – ancient Magyars, (Kushnarenkovo and Karayakupovo archaeological cultures), and ancestors of the Bashkirs – ancient Badzhgards (Turbasli archaeological culture) formed in the Southern Ural. The Southern Ural was the legendary birthplace of Great Hungary (Magna Hungaria) and the country of the Bashkirs – the Badzhgard (Bashkurd).
caption: Ural in the fragment of von Herberstein's map
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