page_title: Electronic color code
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Electronic color code / History
caption_attribution_description: English: RMA (Radio Manufacturers Association) Resistor Color Code Guide by Allied Radio Corp. of Chicago, Illinois. Circa 1945-1955.
context_page_description: An electronic color code is used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic components, usually for resistors, but also for capacitors, inductors, diodes and others. A separate code, the 25-pair color code, is used to identify wires in some telecommunications cables. Different codes are used for wire leads on devices such as transformers or in building wiring.
context_section_description: Before industry standards were established, each manufacturer used their own unique system for color coding or marking their components.
  In the 1920s, the RMA resistor color code was developed by the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) as a fixed resistor coloring code marking.  In 1930, the first radios with RMA color coded resistors were built. Over many decades, as the organization name changed (RMA, RTMA, RETMA, EIA) so was the name of the code. Though known most recent as EIA color code, the four name variations are found in books, magazines, catalogs, and other documents over more than 90 years.
  In 1952, it was standardized in IEC 62:1952 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and since 1963 also published as EIA RS-279. Originally only meant to be used for fixed resistors, the color code was extended to also cover capacitors with IEC 62:1968. The code was adopted by many national standards like DIN 40825 (1973), BS 1852 (1974) and IS 8186 (1976). The current international standard defining marking codes for resistors and capacitors is IEC 60062:2016 and EN 60062:2016. In addition to the color code, these standards define a letter and digit code named RKM code for resistors and capacitors.
  Color bands were used because they were easily and cheaply printed on tiny components. However, there were drawbacks, especially for color blind people. Overheating of a component or dirt accumulation may make it impossible to distinguish brown from red or orange. Advances in printing technology have now made printed numbers more practical on small components. The values of components in surface mount packages are marked with printed alphanumeric codes instead of a color code.
caption: RMA resistor color code guide, ca. 1945–1950
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