page_title: Naval stores
section_title: Separation techniques
hierarchical_section_title: Naval stores / Separation techniques
caption_attribution_description: English: This is from an old stereoscopic photo "Chipping a turpentine tree, Georgia" that shows how a pine tree was "chipped" to get sap to make turpentine and rosin. From my scan of a stereoscopic photo. No date given, but it was 1906-20; copyright has expired. This process was used go gather pine sap for turpentine until approximately the 1970s. Purpose: It is to show how chipping a pine tree to get sap for turpentine was done. It also shows the labor of a black man in Georgia decades ago. This is the left side of a stereoscopic photo that is mounted on cardboard that has curled. The photo is actually much sharper than this scan because the curvature keeps the scanner from focusing on it. I can get it better if I can get it to flatten out.
context_page_description: Naval stores are all products derived from pine resin, which are used to manufacture soap, paint, varnish, shoe polish, lubricants, linoleum, and roofing materials.
  The term naval stores originally applied to the resin-based components used in building and maintaining wooden sailing ships, a category which includes cordage, mask, turpentine, rosin, pitch and tar.
context_section_description: Naval stores are recovered from the tall oil byproduct stream of Kraft process pulping of pines in the United States. Tapping of living pines remains common in other parts of the world.  Turpentine and pine oil may be recovered by steam distillation of oleoresin or by destructive distillation of pine wood; solvent extraction of shredded stumps and roots has become more common with the availability of inexpensive naphtha.  Rosin remains in the still after turpentine and water have boiled off.
caption: "Chipping" a pine tree to get sap
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