page_title: Russell Kirsch
hierarchical_section_title: Russell Kirsch
caption_attribution_description: English: Russell Kirsch standing over and pointing to a laptop computer being used by Joel Runyon seated at a table.
context_page_description: Russell A. Kirsch was an American engineer at the National Bureau of Standards. He was recognized as the developer of the first digital image scanner.
context_section_description: Russell A. Kirsch (June 20, 1929 – August 11, 2020) was an American engineer at the National Bureau of Standards (now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology).  He was recognized as the developer of the first digital image scanner.
caption: Russell Kirsch in Portland, Oregon with Joel Runyon[1]
exif: {"Image Make": "Apple", "Image Model": "iPhone 4S", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "5.1.1", "Image DateTime": "2012:07:09 16:26:02", "Image ExifOffset": "180", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[45, 3153/100, 0]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "W", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[122, 829/20, 0]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "59", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[23, 25, 5648]", "GPS GPSImgDirectionRef": "T", "GPS GPSImgDirection": "27722/117", "Image GPSInfo": "582", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/30", "EXIF FNumber": "12/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "80", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2012:07:09 16:26:02", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2012:07:09 16:26:02", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "6325/1289", "EXIF ApertureValue": "4312/1707", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "4819/1462", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "107/25", "EXIF SubjectArea": "[1631, 1223, 881, 881]", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "420", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "500", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "35", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal"}