page_title: Old Master
section_title: Baroque painting
hierarchical_section_title: Old Master / List of the most important Old Master painters / Baroque painting
caption_attribution_description: Portrait of Susanna Lunden(?)
context_page_description: In art history, "Old Master" refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.
  In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
context_section_description: Antonio Tempesta (Italian, 1555–1630)
  Lodovico Caracci (Italian, 1555–1619)
  Bartolomeo Cesi (Italian, 1556–1629)
  Agostino Caracci (Italian, 1557–1602)
  Lodovico Cigoli (Italian, 1559–1613)
  Bartolomeo Carducci (Italian, 1560–1610)
  Annibale Carracci (Italian, 1560–1609), leader of the academism
  Orazio Gentileschi (Italian, 1563–1639)
  Hans Rottenhammer (German, 1564–1625)
  Pieter Bruegel the Younger (Flemish, 1564–1636)
  Francisco Pacheco (Spanish, 1564–1654)
  Francisco Ribalta (Spanish, 1565–1628)
  Jan Brueghel the Elder (Flemish, 1568–1625)
  Juan Martinez Montanes (Spanish, 1568–1649)
  Caravaggio (Italian, 1573–1610), noted for his figurative realism and Tenebrism
  Guido Reni (Italian, 1575–1642)
  Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577–1640), foremost Baroque history painter and portraitist
  Adam Elsheimer (German, 1578–1610)
  Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581–1644)
  Juan Bautista Maíno (Spanish, 1581–1649)
  Johann Liss (German, 1590–1631)
  Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591– 1652), Naples-based religious realist painter and printmaker
  Guercino (Italian, 1591–1666)
  Artemisia Gentileschi (Italian, 1592–1656)
  Georges de La Tour (French, 1593–1652)
  Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593–1678)
  Louis Le Nain (French, 1593–1648)
  Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594–1665), main classical artist of his time
  Pietro da Cortona (Italian, 1596–1669), painter and architect
  Francisco de Zurbarán (Spanish, 1598–1664), master of chiaroscuro known for his religious paintings and still lifes
  Gianlorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598–1680), the dominant sculptor and architect of the era
  Antoine Le Nain (French, 1599–1648)
  Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599–1641), portraitist living in London
  Diego Velázquez (Spanish, 1599–1660), regarded as the greatest artist of the Spanish Golden Age
  Claude Lorrain (French, 1600–1682), landscape artist
  Alonso Cano (Spanish, 1601–1667)
  Jan Brueghel the Younger (Flemish, 1601–1678)
  Mathieu Le Nain (French, 1607–1677)
  Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (Italian, 1609–1664)
  Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo (Spanish, c. 1612–1667)
  Mattia Preti (Italian, 1613–1699)
  Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1613–1673)
  Juan Carreño de Miranda (Spanish, 1614–1685)
  Carlo Dolci (Italian, 1616–1686)
  Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617–1682), one of the most influential religious painters
  Charles Le Brun (French, 1619–1690), leading painter in the court of Louis XIV
  Juan de Valdés Leal (Spanish, 1622–1690)
  Pedro de Mena (Spanish, 1628–1688)
  Luca Giordano (Italian, 1634–1705)
caption: Portrait of Susanna Lunden by Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1622
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