page_title: Bura Irrigation and Settlement Project (Kenya)
section_title: Construction
hierarchical_section_title: Bura Irrigation and Settlement Project (Kenya) / Implementation / Construction
caption_attribution_description: English: Water treatment works at Bura-Tana (also known as Bura West), Kenya. The construction was carried out by HVA (Kenya) 1981-1983. These works can deliver purified drinking water to a population of at least 65,000 people. The quality of the construction work was outstanding. Unfortunately, it was never used to its full capacity due to lack of funds for running the works. This picture was taken in 2014.
context_page_description: In 1977 the Board of Governors of the World Bank approved Bura Irrigation and Settlement Project in Kenya. The project area is situated just South of the Equator in the Lower Tana Basin. It lies on the west bank of the Tana River and falls within the administrative area of Tana River County.
  The project was an ambitious attempt of the government of Kenya, the World Bank and a few other donors to develop a remote area, create employment for thousands of people with a reasonable income and earn foreign exchange. Bura project would develop about 6,700 net irrigated ha over a 5 ½ year period and settle on smallholdings about 5,150 landless poor families selected from all parts of Kenya. Physical and social infrastructure would be provided to support the settler and satellite population, expected to reach a total of 65,000 persons by 1985. The total cost of the project was estimated at 92 million dollars in 1977 prices.
  Actual construction started in 1978. During implementation the costs exploded from $17,500/= per family to $55,000/=, a new record for the World Bank. The largest cost increase was for the irrigation network.
context_section_description: Project construction began in mid 1979, two years late, and by mid 1982 construction was about three years behind schedule. During construction the cost continued to escalate and in September 1982 the Bank calculated an increase of 87% for the base cost. If the cost increases due to delays were included, the total cost had at least trebled. Huge cost increases were registered for the construction the tenant houses and the domestic waste supply. At the same time studies on the quality of the soils on the East Bank showed that these soils were so poor that further investigations were no longer justified and the idea of a stage II was shelved.
caption: Water treatment works at Bura.
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