page_title: José Luis Zamanillo González-Camino
section_title: Carlist in collaboration (1955-1962)
hierarchical_section_title: José Luis Zamanillo González-Camino / Carlist in collaboration (1955-1962)
caption_attribution_description: Español: Político tradicionalista
context_page_description: José Luis Zamanillo González-Camino was a Spanish Traditionalist politician. He is best recognized as leader of Carlist paramilitary Requeté structures during the Republic and as champion of Carlist collaborationist policy during mid-Francoism, though in the 1940s he maintained a firm anti-regime stand. He is also known as representative of the post-Francoist hard core in the course of early transition to parliamentary democracy. He served in the parliament in two strings of 1933-1936 and 1961-1976; in 1961-1976 he was also a member of the Francoist Consejo Nacional. In 1972-1976 he was a member of Consejo de Estado.
context_section_description: When Fal Conde resigned in August 1955 Zamanillo was still member of Junta Nacional and one of the party moguls. Don Javier did not nominate a new Jefe Delegado, creating a new collegial executive, Secretaría Nacional; according to some scholars Zamanillo initially was not appointed and got recommended by Fal slightly afterwards, according to others he formed part from the onset. At that time those advocating more intransigence competed with those advocating more flexibility. It is not clear where Zamanillo stood; for 20 years the right hand of adamant Fal, only some time later he emerged as supporter of the collaborative strategy, championed by Valiente. Within Carlism the anti-Francoist feelings were running high, with especially the Navarros and the Gipuzkoanos trying to sabotage his nomination; during the 1956 Montejurra gathering they tried to block his access to the microphone, and when he finally succeeded, they cut the cables. However, the collaborationists and Zamanillo consolidated their position; backed by the claimant, who conferred Carlist honors upon him, he was handling the link to Movimiento, a tricky task as the Carlist rank and file booed and jeered whenever the name of the Francoist state party was mentioned. Together with Valiente and Saenz-Díez he soon emerged as member of a new triumvirate running the party. 
  The new strategy seemed to work and in 1957 Zamanillo was rumored to land a ministerial job or a high position in Movimiento, the perspective which faded away once Arrese had been replaced with Solis. Undeterred, he kept advocating flexibility towards the regime as the best way to confront Juanistas, who should be beaten not "en los montes sino desde los cargos oficiales". In 1958 he was nominated secretario general, a new position reporting only to Valiente, and the same year got double-hatted as regional jefe of Castilla la Vieja. He cautiously endorsed introduction of the Carlist prince Carlos Hugo and taking advantage of his links with the regime officials intervened to spare him trouble, be it after the 1958 Montejurra, before the 1960 Montejurra, securing his residence permit in Madrid in 1960 and 1961 or launching the bid for Spanish citizenship for the Borbon-Parmas.
  At the turn of the decades, Zamanillo's position in Carlism reached its climax. Though Valiente was officially nominated new Jefe Delegado, due to his requeté past Zamanillo enjoyed more prestige; he handed over the post of requeté leader as late as 1960. Within the party he was entrusted with disciplinary missions. When addressing gatherings at Montserrat and Montejurra he could have afforded to ignore suggestions of Movimiento and Carlist leaders alike. During aplecs advocating "religious unity consubstantial with national unity", since 1959 he organized "marchas al Valle de los Caídos", an initiative providing opportunity to fraternize with the Falangists and himself frequently wined and dined with the Movimiento officials, even though he was suspicious about genuine intentions of the regime. In 1961 Zamanillo was nominated to Consejo Nacional, which guaranteed seat in the Cortes, and in 1962 he was admitted by Franco.
caption: Valiente (earlier pic)
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