page_title: Tunnel of Eupalinos
section_title: Rediscovery and excavation
hierarchical_section_title: Tunnel of Eupalinos / Rediscovery and excavation
caption_attribution_description: English: The sign at the end of the part of the Eupalinian aqueduct that is open to the public
context_page_description: The Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct is a tunnel of 1,036 m length running through Mount Kastro in Samos, Greece, built in the 6th century BC to serve as an aqueduct. The tunnel is the second known tunnel in history which was excavated from both ends, and the first with a geometry-based approach in doing so. Today it is a popular tourist attraction.
context_section_description: Scholars began searching for the tunnel in the 19th century, inspired by the reference to it in Herodotus. The French archaeologist, Victor Guérin identified the spring that feeds the aqueduct in 1853 and the beginnings of the channel. In 1882, work began on clearing the tunnel with the goal of bringing it back into use. This proved too difficult and the effort was called off, but it allowed Ernst Fabricius to investigate the tunnel on behalf of the German Archaeological Institute. He published the results in 1884 as "Die Wasserleitung des Eupalinos." Full excavations of the tunnel were carried out by Ulf Jantzen from 1971-1973, who finally cleared the full length of the tunnel, which had become filled with silt. A full survey of the tunnel with detailed geodetic measurements was carried out by Hermann J. Kienast. Portions of the tunnel are open to the public.
caption: The sign at the end of the part of the Eupalinian aqueduct that is open to the public.
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