page_title: Articles of Confederation
section_title: Contents
hierarchical_section_title: Articles of Confederation / Contents
caption_attribution_description: English: From http://www.nps.gov/mima/education.htm. Photograph of The Minute Man, a statue by Daniel Chester French erected in 1875 in Concord, Massachusetts. Although French had made sketches of some descendants of Isaac Davis, the first colonial killed during the fight at the North Bridge, April 19, 1775 (who was also the commander of the Acton Minute Men, one of the companies that fought there), French later wrote that he meant to depict in his statue the typical minute man of 1775. The first stanza of Emerson's Concord Hymn is inscribed at the base. The statue is located in Minute Man National Historical Park. It is commonly called "The Concord Minuteman," Captain John Parker of the Lexington Militia and is often confused with "Captain John Parker of the Lexington Militia" by the English sculptor Henry Hudson Kitson, from 1899.
context_page_description: The Articles of Confederation, formally named the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution. All thirteen states ratified the Articles in early 1781.
  In 1789, the Founding Fathers replaced the Articles with the United States Constitution and a federal form of government.
context_section_description: Even though the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were created by many of the same people, the two documents were very different. The original five-paged Articles contained thirteen articles, a conclusion, and a section for signatures. The following list contains short summaries of each of the thirteen articles.
  (1) The name of the confederation will be "The United States of America."
  (2) Each state will continue to rule itself, except for the specific things the Articles allow the confederation government to do: "Each state [keeps] its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not [given to the confederation government] by this Confederation...."
  (3) The United States is a group of states that has come together to protect each other and help each other.  The states have united "for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general [well-being], [coming together] to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them...."
  (4) People in the United States have freedom of movement: anyone can pass freely between states, except for "paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice." When a person travels into one state, he gets all of the rights that state gives to people that live there. If a person commits a crime in one state and runs away to another state, and he is found, he will be extradited to the state where the crime happened, and tried there.
  (5) Each state gets one vote in the "Congress of the Confederation" (called the "United States in Congress Assembled").  Each state can bring a group of two to seven delegates to the Congress.  Each state's legislature chooses its Members of Congress. Members of Congress cannot serve for more than three out of any six years. 
  (6) Only the confederation government is allowed to conduct foreign policy (work with other countries) and to declare war.  Without Congress's permission, no states may have navies or full-time armies, and no states may fight in any war.  However, the Articles encouraged each state to have militias.
  (7) When an army is raised for common defense, the state legislatures will choose Colonels and military ranks below Colonel.
  (8) The United States will pay for things using money that the state legislatures will raise.  Not every state will have to pay the same amount.  States with higher property values will pay more.
  (9) The confederation government has these powers: to declare war; to set weights and measures (including coins); and for Congress to serve as a final court for disagreements between states.
  (10) A "Committee of the States" will be the government when Congress is not meeting.
  (11) Nine states must agree before a new state is accepted into the Confederation.  Canada is already approved, if it applies for membership.
  (12) The Confederation accepts war debt from before the Articles.
  (13) The Articles can only be changed if Congress and all of the state legislatures agree.
caption: Statue of an American militia man.  The Articles encouraged each state to have militias
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