page_title: Gardens of Versailles
section_title: Third building campaign
hierarchical_section_title: Gardens of Versailles / Louis XIV / Third building campaign
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: Orangerie du château de Versaillesen France. English: Orangery in the Palace of Versailles, France. Object location48°&#160;48′&#160;08.32″&#160;N, 2°&#160;07′&#160;06.56″&#160;E&#160;View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth This building is classé au titre des Monuments Historiques. It is indexed in the Base Mérimée, a database of architectural heritage maintained by the French Ministry of Culture,&#160;under the reference PA00087673 . беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎&#160;| বাংলা&#160;| brezhoneg&#160;| català&#160;| Deutsch&#160;| Ελληνικά&#160;| English&#160;| Esperanto&#160;| español&#160;| euskara&#160;| suomi&#160;| français&#160;| magyar&#160;| italiano&#160;| 日本語&#160;| македонски&#160;| Nederlands&#160;| português&#160;| português do Brasil&#160;| română&#160;| русский&#160;| sicilianu&#160;| svenska&#160;| українська&#160;| +/− This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Loves Monuments 2015. Afrikaans&#160;| Alemannisch&#160;| العربية&#160;| جازايرية&#160;| azərbaycanca&#160;| Bikol Central&#160;| беларуская&#160;| беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎&#160;| български&#160;| বাংলা&#160;| brezhoneg&#160;| català&#160;| čeština&#160;| Cymraeg&#160;| dansk&#160;| Deutsch&#160;| Zazaki&#160;| Ελληνικά&#160;| English&#160;| Esperanto&#160;| español&#160;| eesti&#160;| euskara&#160;| فارسی&#160;| suomi&#160;| français&#160;| Frysk&#160;| Gaeilge&#160;| galego&#160;| עברית&#160;| हिन्दी&#160;| hrvatski&#160;| magyar&#160;| հայերեն&#160;| Bahasa Indonesia&#160;| Ido&#160;| italiano&#160;| 日本語&#160;| ქართული&#160;| 한국어&#160;| Кыргызча&#160;| Lëtzebuergesch&#160;| latviešu&#160;| Malagasy&#160;| македонски&#160;| മലയാളം&#160;| Bahasa Melayu&#160;| Malti&#160;| norsk bokmål&#160;| नेपाली&#160;| Nederlands&#160;| norsk nynorsk&#160;| polski&#160;| português&#160;| português do Brasil&#160;| română&#160;| русский&#160;| sicilianu&#160;| davvisámegiella&#160;| slovenčina&#160;| slovenščina&#160;| shqip&#160;| српски / srpski&#160;| svenska&#160;| ไทย&#160;| Tagalog&#160;| Türkçe&#160;| українська&#160;| اردو&#160;| 中文&#160;| 中文（中国大陆）‎&#160;| 中文（简体）‎&#160;| 中文（繁體）‎&#160;| 中文（香港）‎&#160;| 中文（台灣）‎&#160;| +/− This image was uploaded as part of L'Été des villes 2015. বাংলা&#160;| brezhoneg&#160;| Deutsch&#160;| English&#160;| español&#160;| français&#160;| italiano&#160;| македонски&#160;| sicilianu&#160;| +/− This file was uploaded with Commonist.
context_page_description: The Gardens of Versailles occupy part of what was once the Domaine royal de Versailles, the royal demesne of the château of Versailles. Situated to the west of the palace, the gardens cover some 800 hectares of land, much of which is landscaped in the classic French formal garden style perfected here by André Le Nôtre. Beyond the surrounding belt of woodland, the gardens are bordered by the urban areas of Versailles to the east and Le Chesnay to the north-east, by the National Arboretum de Chèvreloup to the north, the Versailles plain to the west, and by the Satory Forest to the south.
  Administered by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, an autonomous public entity operating under the aegis of the French Ministry of Culture, the gardens are now one of the most visited public sites in France, receiving more than six million visitors a year.
  In addition to the meticulous manicured lawns, parterres, and sculptures are the fountains, which are located throughout the garden.
context_section_description: Modifications in the gardens during the third building campaign were distinguished by a stylistic change from the natural esthetic of André Le Nôtre to the architectonic style of Jules Hardouin Mansart.  The first major modification to the gardens during this phase occurred in 1680 when the Tapis Vert – the expanse of lawn that stretches between the Latona Fountain and the Apollo Fountain – achieved its final size and definition under the direction of André Le Nôtre. (Nolhac 1901; Thompson 2006)
  Beginning in 1684, the Parterre d’Eau was remodeled under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart.  Statues from the Grande Commande of 1674 were relocated to other parts of the garden; two twin octagonal basins were constructed and decorated with bronze statues representing the four main rivers of France.  In the same year, Le Vau's Orangerie, located to south of the Parterrre d’Eau was demolished to accommodate a larger structure designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart.  In addition to the Orangerie, the Escaliers des Cent Marches, which facilitated access to the gardens from the south, to the Pièce d’Eau des Suisses, and to the Parterre du Midi were constructed at this time, giving the gardens just south of the château their present configuration and decoration. 
  Additionally, to accommodate the anticipated construction of the Aile des Nobles – the north wing of the château – the Grotte de Thétys was demolished. (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976; Nolhac 1899, 1901, 1902, 1925)
  With the construction of the Aile des Nobles (1685–1686), the Parterre du Nord was remodeled to respond to the new architecture of this part of the château.  To compensate for the loss of the reservoir on top of the Grotte de Thétys and to meet the increased demand for water, Jules Hardouin-Mansart designed new and larger reservoirs situated due north of the Aile des Nobles (Thompson 2006). Construction for the ruinously expensive Canal de l'Eure was inaugurated in 1685; designed by Vauban it was intended to bring waters of the Eure over 80 kilometres, including aqueducts of heroic scale, but the works were abandoned in 1690: see "The problem of water" below.
  Between 1686 and 1687, the Bassin de Latone, under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, was rebuilt.  It is this final version of the fountain that one sees today at Versailles. (Hedin 1992; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985)
  During this phase of construction, three of the garden's major bosquets were modified or created.  Beginning with the Galerie des Antiques, this bosquet was constructed in 1680 on the site of the earlier and short-lived Galerie d’Eau (1678).  This bosquet was conceived as an open-air gallery in which antique statues and copies acquired by the Académie de France in Rome were displayed.  The following year, construction began on the Salle de Bal.  Located in a secluded section of the garden west of the Orangerie, this bosquet was designed as an amphitheater that featured a cascade – the only one surviving in the gardens of Versailles.  The Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1685 with a ball hosted by the Grand Dauphin.  Between 1684 and 1685, Jules Hardouin-Mansart built the Colonnade.  Located on the site of Le Nôtre's Bosquet des Sources, this bosquet featured a circular peristyle formed from thirty-two arches with twenty-eight fountains and was Hardouin-Mansart's most architectural of the bosquets built in the gardens of Versailles (Marie 1972, 1976; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985)
caption: Versailles Orangerie
exif: {"Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS 600D", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image DateTime": "2015:09:11 15:46:53", "Image Artist": "Lionel ALLORGE", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image Copyright": "", "Image ExifOffset": "348", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "8916", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "15792", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/320", "EXIF FNumber": "8", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF RecommendedExposureIndex": "100", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2015:09:11 15:46:53", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2015:09:11 15:46:53", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "67/8", "EXIF ApertureValue": "6", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "21", "EXIF SubSecTime": "55", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "55", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "55", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "5184", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "3456", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "8598", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "1036800/181", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "691200/119", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF CameraOwnerName": "", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "103063077880", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[10, 24, 0/0, 0/0]", "EXIF LensModel": "10-24mm", "EXIF LensSerialNumber": "0000000000"}