page_title: Tsubouchi Shōyō
section_title: Biography
hierarchical_section_title: Tsubouchi Shōyō / Biography
caption_attribution_description: Statue of Tsubouchi Shoyo (1859-1935) at The Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. ja: 坪内逍遥 の胸像。 場所：早稲田大学坪内博士記念演劇博物館（東京都新宿区）。
context_page_description: Tsubouchi Shōyō was a Japanese author, critic, playwright, translator, editor, educator, and professor at Waseda University.
context_section_description: He was born Tsubouchi Yūzō (坪内 雄蔵), in Gifu prefecture.  He also used the pen name Harunoya Oboro (春のや おぼろ).
  His book of criticism, Shōsetsu Shinzui (The Essence of the Novel), helped free novels and dramas from the low opinion that the Japanese had of such literature. Tsubouchi's writings on realism in literature influenced Masaoka Shiki's ideas about realism in haiku. Tsubouchi's novel, Tōsei Shosei Katagi (Portraits of Contemporary Students), was one of the earliest modern novels in Japan. 
  His Kabuki play Kiri Hitoha (A Paulownia Leaf) was influenced by his studies of both the famous Kabuki and Jōruri (puppet theater) dramatist Chikamatsu Monzaemon and William Shakespeare. The play, in turn, influenced modern Kabuki. He also did a complete translation of the plays of Shakespeare, written in the old-fashion language of Kabuki.
  His modern play, Shinkyoku Urashima, incorporating traditional dance and music, was a popular and critical success. The play was a retelling of a familiar Japanese folk-tale with a Rip Van Winkle-like protagonist, Urashima Tarō. 
  Besides Shakespeare, he also translated a number of other works from English into Japanese, including Sir Walter Scott's The Bride of Lammermoor and Bulwer-Lytton's novel Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes.
  Tsubouchi founded and edited the periodical Waseda Bungaku (Waseda Literature), which published from 1891 to 1898. Tsubouchi is also noted for the long running ronsō (literary dispute) that he carried on with Mori Ōgai.
  The Waseda University Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum was named in his honour and houses a large collection of his works. A bronze bust of him was also placed there.
caption: Bust of Tsubouchi Shōyō at the Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum, which was named in his honour
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