page_title: Austria-Hungary
section_title: Languages
hierarchical_section_title: Austria-Hungary / Demographics / Languages
caption_attribution_description: Čeština: FRIEDBERG Salomon Emanuel – vojenská paráda v Praze
context_page_description: Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and was dissolved following its defeat in the First World War.
  The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War. It consisted of two monarchies, and one autonomous region: the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement in 1868. It was ruled by the House of Habsburg, and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power. Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight, but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states.
  Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at 621,538 km², and the third-most populous.
context_section_description: In Austria (Cisleithania), the census of 1910 recorded Umgangssprache, everyday language. Jews and those using German in offices often stated German as their Umgangssprache, even when having a different Muttersprache. 36.8% of the total population spoke German as their native language, and more than 71% of the inhabitants spoke some German.
  In Hungary (Transleithania), the census was based primarily on mother tongue, 48.1% of the total population spoke Hungarian as their native language. Not counting autonomous Croatia-Slavonia, more than 54.4% of the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hungary were native speakers of Hungarian (this included also the Jews – around 5% of the population -, as mostly they were Hungarian-speaking).
  Note that some languages were considered dialects of more widely spoken languages. For example: in the census, Rhaeto-Romance languages were counted as "Italian". Yiddish was counted as "German" in both Austria and Hungary.
   
  Historical regions:
caption: Parade in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia, 1900
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "5472", "Image ImageLength": "3648", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS 70D", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2014:07:26 10:22:00", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image Rating": "0", "Image Tag 0x4749": "0", "Image ExifOffset": "2426", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 3, 0, 0]", "Image GPSInfo": "5242", "Image SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "Image RecommendedExposureIndex": "160", "Image CameraOwnerName": "", "Image BodySerialNumber": "073024009811", "Image LensSpecification": "[17, 55, 0, 0]", "Image LensModel": "EF-S17-55mm f/2.8 IS USM", "Image LensSerialNumber": "0000067362", "Image Padding": "[]", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/4", "EXIF FNumber": "11", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "160", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2014:07:23 12:52:24", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2014:07:23 12:52:24", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "2", "EXIF ApertureValue": "7", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "3", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "55", "EXIF SubSecTime": "31", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "31", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "31", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "3984", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2864", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "5472000/899", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "3648000/599", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF Padding": "[]"}