page_title: Timeline of the history of the region of Palestine
section_title: 4th century
hierarchical_section_title: Timeline of the history of the region of Palestine / 1st Millennium / 4th century
caption_attribution_description: Facade of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem עברית: כנסיית הקבר English: The front of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem around 1900 Français&#160;: Vieille ville de Jérusalem – façade du Saint-Sépulcre vers 1900 Deutsch: Die Jerusalemer Grabeskirche um 1900
context_page_description: This timeline represents major events in the region of Palestine, which at different times during human habitation included a diverse number of people, cultures, religions and nations while being a part of several major empires and an important trade link between Europe and North African coast in the west and Asia and India in the East.
context_section_description: 324 – Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire Constantine the Great, having defeated Emperor Maximian, Caesar of the Western Roman Empire at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge becomes the sole ruler of the re-united Roman Empire with its capital at Byzantium (New Rome) and legalizes Christianity and other religions. Queen Helena, a devout Christian, wife of Eastern Roman Emperor Constantius and mother of Constantine the Great, departs for the Holy Land and begins the construction of churches.
  326–333 – Concurrent construction of the world's first 4 church buildings under Helena's Tutelage: The Church of the Nativity is built in Bethlehem, marking the site where according to Christian tradition Jesus was born; "Eleona" (Greek: Olive) on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem also called "Chapel of The Apostles" marking the site where according to Christian tradition Jesus ascended to heaven; The Church of The Holy Cross, later called The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is built in Jerusalem on the hill of Golgotha marking the site where according to Christian tradition Jesus was crucified, buried and resurrected; Mamre, near Hebron.
  351–352 – Jewish revolt against Gallus: the Jewish community began a rebellion in the region of Palestine against the Caesar of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Emperor Constantius Gallus. The revolt was quickly subdued by Gallus' general Ursicinus.
  362 – Roman emperor Julian the Apostate ordered Alypius of Antioch to rebuild the Jewish Temple.
  363 – The severe Galilee earthquake of 363 occurred. The earthquake resulted in, among other things, a halt in the construction of the Jewish Temple, mainly because the earthquake ruined the early stages of the construction. Eventually the plan to rebuild the Temple was completely dropped after the death of emperor Julian in June 363.
caption: Church of the Holy Sepulchre (photo from 1900)
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