page_title: Vaginal anomalies
hierarchical_section_title: Vaginal anomalies
caption_attribution_description: English: Identifier: principlespracti00dudl (find matches) Title: The Principles and practice of gynecology&#160;: for students and practitioners Year: 1904 (1900s) Authors: Dudley, E. C. (Emilius Clark), 1850-1928 Subjects: Gynecology Publisher: Philadelphia&#160;: Lea Brothers &amp; Co. Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: The upper part of the urogenital sinus has contracted into the urethra; the lower portion, SU,now becomes the vulva. P, perineum. H, rectum. V, vagina. B, bladder. U, urethra. Figure 239.G Text Appearing After Image: FiorRE 239.—Absence of cloaeal division. Perineal septum wanting. R, rectum. G,genital canal. B. bladder. Figure 240.—Absence of cloaeal division. Perineal septum present. genital sinus. This sinus in its upper part becomes the urethra, andin its lower part the vulva. The anomalies of the vulva and anus are&#160;: Atresia. Persistent cloaca. Hypospadias. Epispadias. Infantile vulva.Atresia of the Urethra, Vagina, and Anus.—The cloaeal divi-sion by which the urethra, vasrina, and anus are opened and therebyprolonged to the external surface may fail to take place. This failure 508 TUMORS, TUBAL PREGNANCY, MALFORMATIONS. will result in complete atresia of the vagina, urethra, and anus. Theperineal septum may be absent, as shown in Figure 239, or present,as shown in Figure 240. In the latter case the opening between therectum and the urogenital sinus will be closed. This condition ofcomplete atresia has been observed only in stillborn foetal monstrosi-ties. The bladder, urethra, and vagi Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
context_page_description: Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina. When present, they are often found with uterine, skeletal and urinary abnormalities. This is because these structures, like the vagina, are most susceptible to disruption during crucial times of organ-genesis. Many of these defects are classified under the broader term Müllerian duct anomalies. Müllerian duct anomalies are caused by a disturbance during the embryonic time of genitourinary development. The other isolated incidents of vaginal anomalies can occur with no apparent cause. Oftentimes vaginal anomalies are part of a cluster of defects or syndromes. In addition, inheritance can play a part as can prenatal exposure to some teratogens. Many vaginal anomalies are not detected at birth because the external genitalia appear to be normal. Other organs of the reproductive system may not be affected by an abnormality of the vagina. The uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries can be functional despite the presence of a defect of the vagina and external genitalia.
context_section_description: Vaginal anomalies are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that result in an abnormal or absent vagina. When present, they are often found with uterine, skeletal and urinary abnormalities.  This is because these structures, like the vagina, are most susceptible to disruption during crucial times of organ-genesis. Many of these defects are classified under the broader term Müllerian duct anomalies. Müllerian duct anomalies are caused by a disturbance during the embryonic time of genitourinary development. The other isolated incidents of vaginal anomalies can occur with no apparent cause. Oftentimes vaginal anomalies are part of a cluster of defects or syndromes. In addition, inheritance can play a part as can prenatal exposure to some teratogens. Many vaginal anomalies are not detected at birth because the external genitalia appear to be normal. Other organs of the reproductive system may not be affected by an abnormality of the vagina. The uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries can be functional despite the presence of a defect of the vagina and external genitalia. A vaginal anomaly may not affect fertility. Though it depends on the extent of the vaginal defect, it is possible for conception to occur. In instances where a functional ovary exists, IVF may be successful. Functioning ovaries in a woman with a vaginal defect allows the implantation of a fertilized ovum into the uterus of an unaffected gestational carrier. A successful conception and can occur. Vaginal length varies from 6.5 to 12.5 cm. Since this is slightly shorter than older descriptions, it may impact the diagnosis of women with vaginal agenesis or hypoplasia who may unnecessarily be encouraged to undergo treatment to increase the size of the vagina. Vaginal anomalies may cause difficulties in urination, conception, pregnancy, impair sex. Psychosocial effects can also exist.
caption: A 1904 gynecology textbook that describes some vaginal anomalies.
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