page_title: List of queens regnant
section_title: Egypt
hierarchical_section_title: List of queens regnant / Queens regnant / Africa / Egypt
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Marmorbüste Kleopatra VII. von Ägypten, entstanden 40-30 v.Chr. English: Marble bust of Cleopatra VII of Egypt from ca. 40-30 BC. An ancient Roman bust of Ptolemaic ruler Cleopatra VII of Egypt wearing a royal diadem band over her hair; dated to the mid-1st century BC (i.e. around the time of her visit to Rome), it was discovered in a villa along the Via Appia. It is now located in the Altes Museum, Berlin, in the Antikensammlung Berlin collection. Sources: Raia, Ann R.; Sebesta, Judith Lynn. (September 2017). "The World of State". College of New Rochelle. Accessed 6 March 2018. "Cat. 22 Tetradrachm Portraying Queen Cleopatra VII". Art Institute of Chicago. Accessed 6 March 2018. Grout, James. (April 1, 2017). "Was Cleopatra Beautiful?". Encyclopaedia Romana. University of Chicago. Accessed 6 March 2018. Polo, Francisco Pina&#32;(2013),&#32;“The Great Seducer: Cleopatra, Queen and Sex Symbol”, in&#32;Seduction and Power: Antiquity in the Visual and Performing Arts[1], London&#58; Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 9781441190659, pages 184–186 Roller, Duane W.&#32;(2010)&#32;Cleopatra: a biography, Oxford&#58; Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-536553-5, page 54 Jones, Prudence J.&#32;(2006)&#32;Cleopatra: a sourcebook[2], Norman, Oklahoma&#58; University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 9780806137414, page 33 Hölbl, Günther&#32;(2001)&#32;A History of the Ptolemaic Empire, London&#58; Routledge, ISBN 9780415201452, page 234
context_page_description: This is a list of Queens who have ruled as Queen in many countries. Included also are Pharaohs and Empresses, as well as other titles in case of smaller states If the Queen ruled as a regent this is indicated by "" following the name. Where a queen had no powers but only the title "" is added.
  Queens consort are not included.
  The following is an incomplete list of queens who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling queens are omitted. Section 1 lists Queens regnant: Queens who ruled in their own right. Section 2 lists Queens regent: Queens who have ruled on behalf of a monarch who was a minor, absent or incapacitated. Section 3 includes Legendary Queens. Section 4 lists Titular Queens: Queens who ruled in their own right, but had no constitutional standing or regal powers while in power. Section 5 lists various female leaders who were referred to as "Chieftainess."
context_section_description: Indigenous dynasties
  Sobekneferu of the Twelfth Dynasty -  Sobekneferu was the first confirmed female ruler of Egypt, although Nitocris may have ruled in the Sixth Dynasty, and there are five other women who are believed to have ruled as early as the First Dynasty
  Hatshepsut of the Eighteenth Dynasty
  Neferneferuaten of the Eighteenth Dynasty (possibly Nefertiti or Meritaten or Neferneferuaten Tasherit)
  Twosret of the Nineteenth Dynasty
  Merneith of the  First Dynasty - Merneith may have ruled Egypt as Pharaoh, although her reign as sole ruler is unconfirmed. If she did rule, she would have been the first female Pharaoh in Egyptian history.
  Nitocris of the  Sixth Dynasty - Nitocris is mentioned within Herodotus' book  Histories as being the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt; some contest her historicity.
   Khentkawes I of the  Fourth Dynasty - Khentkawes' rule as Pharaoh is highly contested by modern historians, who debate on the exact meaning behind her given title.
  Ptolemaic dynasties
  Ptolemy II instituted a new practice of brother-sister marriage when he married his full sister, Arsinoe II. They became, in effect, co-rulers, and both took the epithet Philadelphus ("Brother-Loving" and "Sister-Loving"). Because of this custom many of the kings ruled jointly with their spouses, who were also of the royal house. The only Ptolemaic Queens to officially rule on their own were Berenice III and Berenice IV. Cleopatra VI did co-rule, but it was with another female, Berenice IV. Cleopatra VII officially co-ruled with Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Ptolemy XIV, and Ptolemy XV, but effectively, she ruled Egypt alone
  Arsinoe II
  Arsinoe III
  Cleopatra I
  Cleopatra II
  Cleopatra III
  Cleopatra IV
  Berenice III
  Cleopatra V
  Cleopatra VI
  Berenice IV
  Cleopatra VII
  Arsinoe IV
   Ayyubid dynasty 
  Shajar al-Durr (ruled 1250)
caption: Cleopatra VII
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