page_title: Bitter electromagnet
section_title: Record Bitter magnets
hierarchical_section_title: Bitter electromagnet / Record Bitter magnets
context_page_description: A Bitter electromagnet or Bitter solenoid is a type of electromagnet invented in 1933 by American physicist Francis Bitter used in scientific research to create extremely strong magnetic fields. Bitter electromagnets have been used to achieve the strongest continuous manmade magnetic fields on earth―up to 45 teslas, as of 2011.
context_section_description: The strongest continuous magnetic fields on Earth have been produced by Bitter magnets. As of 31 March 2014 the strongest continuous field achieved by a room temperature magnet is 37.5 T produced by a Bitter electromagnet at the Radboud University High Field Magnet Laboratory in Nijmegen, Netherlands.
  The strongest continuous manmade magnetic field, 45 T, was produced by a hybrid device, consisting of a Bitter magnet inside a superconducting magnet. The resistive magnet produces 33.5 T and the superconducting coil produces the remaining 11.5 T. This magnet requires 30 MW of power. This magnet must be kept at 1.8 K (−456.43 °F) using liquid helium. The magnet takes 6 weeks to cool to temperature and thus once cooled the cooling system is run continuously. It costs $1452 per hour to run at full field.
caption: The most powerful electromagnet in the world, the 45 T hybrid Bitter-superconducting magnet at the US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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