page_title: Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
section_title: Taxonomy
hierarchical_section_title: Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) / Taxonomy
caption_attribution_description: Limpets in the intertidal near Newquay, Cornwall, England.
context_page_description: The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs. The full name of the work in which this taxonomy was published is Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters.
  This taxonomy assigns the various Gastropods into ranked categories, such as sub-orders and families, but does not address the classification of genera or individual species. This classification scheme is based on the molluscs' internal and external shapes and forms, but did not take into account any analysis of their DNA or RNA.
  The classification below was the most recent until Bouchet and Rocroi published their revised taxonomy in 2005, which differs primarily in that the higher taxa are expressed as unranked clades where known, and termed "informal groups" or groups" where monophyly has not yet been determined, and where polyphyly is suspected.
  Ponder & Lindberg used only four families to analyze the Euthyneura. Further work by Dayrat & Tillier provided a great deal of detail about the relationships between within the Euthyneura.
context_section_description: Class Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797
  Incertæ sedis
  Order Bellerophontinaka (fossil)
  Order Mimospirina (fossil)
  Subclass Eogastropoda Ponder & David R. Lindberg, 1996 (earlier: Prosobranchia)
  Order Euomphalida de Koninck 1881 (fossil)
  Superfamily Macluritoidea
  Superfamily Euomphaloidea
  Superfamily Platyceratoidea
  Order Patellogastropoda Lindberg, 1986 (true limpets)
  Suborder Patellina Van Ihering, 1876
  Superfamily Patelloidea Rafinesque, 1815
  Suborder Nacellina David R. Lindberg, 1988
  Superfamily Acmaeoidea Carpenter, 1857
  Superfamily Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
  Suborder Lepetopsina McLean, 1990
  Superfamily Lepetopsoidea McLean, 1990
  Subclass Orthogastropoda Ponder & David R. Lindberg, 1996  (earlier Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia)
  Incertæ sedis
  Order Murchisoniina Cox & Knight, 1960 (fossil)
  Superfamily Murchisonioidea Koken, 1889
  Superfamily Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889
  Superfamily Lophospiroidea Wenz, 1938
  Superfamily Straparollinoidea
  Grade Subulitoidea Lindström, 1884
  Superorder Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987
  Superfamily Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882
  Superfamily Lepetelloidea Dall, 1882 (deep sea limpets)
  Superorder "Hot Vent Taxa" Ponder & David R. Lindberg, 1997
  Order Neomphaloida Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
  Superfamily Neomphaloidea McLean, 1981 (hydrothermal vents limpets)
  Superfamily Peltospiroidea McLean, 1989
  Superorder Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989 (limpets)
  Superfamily Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822 (keyhole limpets)
  Superfamily Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (abalones)
  Superfamily Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (hydrothermal vent limpets)
  Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840  (slit shells)
  Superfamily Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
  Superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (top shells)
  Superorder Neritaemorphi Koken, 1896
  Order Cyrtoneritomorpha (fossil)
  Order Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960
  Superfamily Neritoidea Lamarck, 1809
  Superorder Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960
  Order Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890
  Superfamily Ampullarioidea J.E. Gray, 1824
  Superfamily Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (terrestrials)
  Order Sorbeoconcha Ponder & David R. Lindberg, 1997
  Suborder Discopoda P. Fischer, 1884
  Superfamily Campaniloidea Douvillé, 1904
  Superfamily Cerithioidea Férussac, 1822
  Suborder Hypsogastropoda Ponder & David R. Lindberg, 1997
  Infraorder Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
  Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
  Superfamily Capuloidea J. Fleming, 1822
  Superfamily Carinarioidea Blainville, 1818 (formerly called Heteropoda)
  Superfamily Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
  Superfamily Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (cowries)
  Superfamily Ficoidea Meek, 1864
  Superfamily Laubierinoidea Warén & Bouchet, 1990
  Superfamily Littorinoidea (Children), 1834 (periwinkles)
  Superfamily Naticoidea Forbes, 1838 (moon shells)
  Superfamily Rissooidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (Risso shells) (includes genus Oncomelania, schistosomiasis transmission vector)
  Superfamily Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815 (true conchs)
  Superfamily Tonnoidea Suter, 1913
  Superfamily Trivioidea Troschel, 1863
  Superfamily Vanikoroidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  Superfamily Velutinoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  Superfamily Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (worm shells)
  Superfamily Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells)
  Infraorder Ptenoglossa J.E. Gray, 1853
  Superfamily Eulimoidea Philippi, 1853
  Superfamily Janthinoidea Lamarck, 1812
  Superfamily Triphoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847
  Infraorder Neogastropoda Thiele, 1929
  Superfamily Buccinoidea (whelks, false tritions)
  Superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851
  Superfamily Conoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  Superfamily Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  Superorder Heterobranchia J.E. Gray, 1840
  Order Heterostropha P. Fischer, 1885
  Superfamily Architectonicoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  Superfamily Nerineoidea Zittel, 1873 (fossil)
  Superfamily Omalogyroidea G.O. Sars, 1878
  Superfamily Pyramidelloidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  Superfamily Rissoelloidea J.E. Gray, 1850
  Superfamily Valvatoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  Order Opisthobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848
  Suborder Cephalaspidea P. Fischer, 1883
  Superfamily Acteonoidea D'Orbigny, 1835
  Superfamily Bulloidea Lamarck, 1801
  Superfamily Cylindrob
caption: Live limpets in the intertidal zone in Cornwall, England.
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