page_title: Radiation hardening
section_title: Radiation-hardening techniques
hierarchical_section_title: Radiation hardening / Radiation-hardening techniques
caption_attribution_description: English: Integrated circuit die photo of a 1886VE10 radiation hardened 50MHz microcontroller designed by Milandr and manufactured by Sitronics-Mikron on 180nm bulk-silicon technology. MLDR62. View of die prior to metalization etch.
context_page_description: Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation, especially for environments in outer space and high-altitude flight, around nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, or during nuclear accidents or nuclear warfare.
  Most semiconductor electronic components are susceptible to radiation damage, and radiation-hardened components are based on their non-hardened equivalents, with some design and manufacturing variations that reduce the susceptibility to radiation damage. Due to the extensive development and testing required to produce a radiation-tolerant design of a microelectronic chip, radiation-hardened chips tend to lag behind the most recent developments.
  Radiation-hardened products are typically tested to one or more resultant effects tests, including total ionizing dose, enhanced low dose rate effects, neutron and proton displacement damage, and single event effects.
caption: Radiation hardened die of the 1886VE10 microcontroller prior to metalization etching
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