page_title: Tangena
hierarchical_section_title: Tangena
caption_attribution_description: English: Artist's depiction of a trial by tangena ordeal in 19th century Madagascar Français&#160;: Illustration de l'epreuve de tanguine a Madagascar (19e siecle)
context_page_description: Tangena is the indigenous name for the tree species Cerbera manghas of Madagascar, which produces highly toxic nuts that were historically used on the island for trials by ordeal to determine the guilt or innocence of an accused party.
  The tradition of the tangena ordeal, which has taken various forms over time, dates to at least the 16th century in Imerina, the central highland kingdom that would eventually come to rule the population of nearly the entire island four centuries later. It has been estimated that the poison may have been responsible for the death of as much as 2% of the population of the central province of Madagascar each year on average, with much higher mortality rates at specific periods, such as during the reign of Queen Ranavalona I, when the ordeal was heavily used.
  The belief in the genuineness and accuracy of the tangena ordeal was so strongly held among all that innocent people suspected of an offence did not hesitate to subject themselves to it; some even showed eagerness to be tested. The use of ritual poison in Madagascar was abolished in 1863 by King Radama II, but its use persisted for at least several decades after being officially banned.
context_section_description: Tangena is the indigenous name for the tree species Cerbera manghas of Madagascar, which produces highly toxic nuts that were historically used on the island for trials by ordeal to determine the guilt or innocence of an accused party. 
  The tradition of the tangena ordeal, which has taken various forms over time, dates to at least the 16th century in Imerina, the central highland kingdom that would eventually come to rule the population of nearly the entire island four centuries later. It has been estimated that the poison may have been responsible for the death of as much as 2% of the population of the central province of Madagascar each year on average, with much higher mortality rates at specific periods, such as during the reign of Queen Ranavalona I (1828–1861), when the ordeal was heavily used. 
  The belief in the genuineness and accuracy of the tangena ordeal was so strongly held among all that innocent people suspected of an offence did not hesitate to subject themselves to it; some even showed eagerness to be tested. The use of ritual poison in Madagascar was abolished in 1863 by King Radama II, but its use persisted for at least several decades after being officially banned.
caption: A 19th-century artist's depiction of the tangena ordeal
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