page_title: Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole
section_title: The SIOD and southwestern Australia rainfall
hierarchical_section_title: Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole / The SIOD and southwestern Australia rainfall
caption_attribution_description: English: the connection between Indian Ocean climate condition and (a) dry and (b) wet years over SWWA. SST anomalies are shown in colors. Wind anomalies are indicated as bold arrows, pressure anomalies are shown by H (high) and L (low), and rainfall anomalies are represented by sun/cloud symbols. Dry and wet years are from (England et al. 2006)
context_page_description: The Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole is featured by the oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the southwest Indian Ocean i.e. south of Madagascar is warmer and then colder than the eastern part i.e. off Australia. It was first identified in the studies of the relationship between the SST anomaly and the south-central Africa rainfall anomaly; the existence of such a dipole was identified from both observational studies and model simulations
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context_section_description: Southwest Australia dry(wet) years are corresponding to anomalously cool(warm) waters in the tropical/subtropical Indian Ocean and anomalously warm(cool) waters in the subtropics off Australia, and these appear to be in phase with the large-scale winds over the tropical/subtropical Indian Ocean, which modify SST anomalies through anomalous Ekman transport in tropical Indian Ocean and through anomalous air–sea heat fluxes in the subtropics, which also alter the large-scale advection of moisture to the Southwestern Australia coast.
  The spatial pattern of the dry(wet) composite SSTA shifted to the east of the spatial pattern of the positive(negative) Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole event(previous definition of SIOD), and the calculation based on the Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole Index may need re-consideration when the relationship between southwestern Australia rainfall and SIOD index is studied, which may require further work.
caption: the connection between Indian Ocean climate condition and (a) dry and (b) wet years over SWWA. SST anomalies are shown in colors. Wind anomalies are indicated as bold arrows, pressure anomalies are shown by H (high) and L (low), and rainfall anomalies are represented by sun/cloud symbols. Dry and wet years are from (England et al. 2006).[4]
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