page_title: Avicennia germinans
section_title: Habitat
hierarchical_section_title: Avicennia germinans / Habitat
caption_attribution_description: English: A free-standing black mangrove tree growing in shallow water in the backcountry of the Cape Sable area of Everglades National Park. February 2007. Contrast with this photo of a red mangrove growing in the identical setting (also taken by me, same place, same day): en:Image:Red mangrove-everglades natl park.jpg. Andrewtappert 13:39, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
context_page_description: Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, is a shrub in the acanthus family, Acanthaceae. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, on both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and on the Atlantic Coast of tropical Africa, where it thrives on the sandy and muddy shores where seawater reaches. It is common throughout coastal areas of Texas and Florida, and ranges as far north as southern Louisiana and coastal Georgia in the United States.
  Like many other mangrove species, it reproduces by vivipary. Seeds are encased in a fruit, which reveals the germinated seedling when it falls into the water.
  Unlike other mangrove species, it does not grow on prop roots, but possesses pneumatophores that allow its roots to breathe even when submerged. It is a hardy species and expels absorbed salt mainly from its leathery leaves.
  The name "black mangrove" refers to the color of the trunk and heartwood. The leaves often appear whitish from the salt excreted at night and on cloudy days. It is often found in its native range with the red mangrove and the white mangrove. White mangroves grow inland from black mangroves, which themselves grow inland from red mangroves.
context_section_description: The black mangrove grows just above the high tide in coastal lagoons and brackish-water estuaries. It is less tolerant of highly saline conditions than certain other species that occur in mangrove ecosystems. It can reach 10–15 m (33–49 ft) in height, although it is a small shrub in cooler regions of its range. The seeds germinate in midsummer, but may be seen all year on the trees. The seeds can remain viable for over a year once released.
caption: A black mangrove tree growing in shallow water in Everglades National Park
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