page_title: Spatial analysis
hierarchical_section_title: Spatial analysis
caption_attribution_description: English: A variant of the original map drawn by Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), a British physician who is one of the founders of medical epidemiology, showing cases of cholera in the London epidemics of 1854, clustered around the locations of water pumps. Español: Mapa original dibujado por el Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), médico inglés precursor de la epidemiología, que muestra los casos de cólera en la epidemia ocurrida en Londres en 1854. Los puntos muestran la localización de las personas afectadas por beber agua de los pozos (cruces) Português: Mapa original elaborado pelo Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), médico britânico, um dos precursores da epidemiologia. O mapa mostra casos de cólera numa epidemia ocorrida em Londres em 1854. Os pontos indicam a localização de pessoas afetadas pela cólera por consumir água de poços, indicados pelas cruzes. Nederlands: De originele kaart gemaakt door Dr. John Snow (1813-1858), een Engelse arts en een van de grondleggers van de medische epidemiologie, laat zien waar gevallen van cholera plaatsvonden tijdens de Londense epidemie van 1854, in relatie tot de waterpompen (kruisjes). Deutsch: Variante einer im Original von Dr. John Snow (1813–1858) gezeichneten Karte. Der britische Arzt war ein Pionier der epidemiologischen Erforschung der Cholera. Die Karte zeigt Cholerafälle bei der Epidemie in London 1854, die sich bei einer Wasserpumpe (an der Broad Street) häufen.
context_page_description: Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which studies entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties. Spatial analysis includes a variety of techniques, many still in their early development, using different analytic approaches and applied in fields as diverse as astronomy, with its studies of the placement of galaxies in the cosmos, to chip fabrication engineering, with its use of "place and route" algorithms to build complex wiring structures. In a more restricted sense, spatial analysis is the technique applied to structures at the human scale, most notably in the analysis of geographic data.
  Complex issues arise in spatial analysis, many of which are neither clearly defined nor completely resolved, but form the basis for current research. The most fundamental of these is the problem of defining the spatial location of the entities being studied.
  Classification of the techniques of spatial analysis is difficult because of the large number of different fields of research involved, the different fundamental approaches which can be chosen, and the many forms the data can take.
context_section_description: Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques  which studies entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties. Spatial analysis includes a variety of techniques, many still in their early development, using different analytic approaches and applied in fields as diverse as astronomy, with its studies of the placement of galaxies in the cosmos, to chip fabrication engineering, with its use of "place and route" algorithms to build complex wiring structures. In a more restricted sense, spatial analysis is the technique applied to structures at the human scale, most notably in the analysis of geographic data.
  Complex issues arise in spatial analysis, many of which are neither clearly defined nor completely resolved, but form the basis for current research. The most fundamental of these is the problem of defining the spatial location of the entities being studied.
  Classification of the techniques of spatial analysis is difficult because of the large number of different fields of research involved, the different fundamental approaches which can be chosen, and the many forms the data can take.
caption: Map by Dr. John Snow of London, showing clusters of cholera cases in the 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak. This was one of the first uses of map-based spatial analysis.
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