page_title: Tesla Factory
section_title: Battery pack construction
hierarchical_section_title: Tesla Factory / Tesla Model S manufacturing process / Battery pack construction
caption_attribution_description: English: A 18650 Lithium-Ion size rechargeable battery (right) with an AA battery (left) and 7mm grid for scale. This size is most commonly found in laptop battery packs and the Tesla Roadster.
context_page_description: The Tesla Factory is an automobile manufacturing plant in Fremont, California, operated by Tesla, Inc. The facility opened as the General Motors Fremont Assembly in 1962, and was later operated by NUMMI, a former GM–Toyota joint venture. Tesla took ownership in 2010. The plant currently manufactures the Model S, Model X, Model 3, and Model Y employing 10,000 people as of June 2018.
context_section_description: The Model S 85s battery pack contains 7,104 '18650' lithium-ion battery cells in 16 modules wired in series (14 in the flat section and two stacked on the front). Each module contains six groups of 74 cells wired in parallel; the six groups are then wired in series within the module. As of June 2012 the battery pack uses modified Panasonic NCR18650A 3100mAh cells with nickel-cobalt-aluminum cathodes.
  The use of commodity cells, similar to those found in laptops and mobile phones, is in contrast to every other electric vehicle manufacturer who use specialized large format Li-Ion cells. The liquid-cooled battery pack uses an intumescent gel to aid in fireproofing and even heat distribution.
caption: The Model S 85KWh battery pack uses 7,104 '18650' lithium-ion battery cells (right). A smaller AA battery is on the left for scale.
exif: {}