page_title: List of Dutch inventions and innovations
section_title: First capitalist nation-state (foundations of modern capitalism) (17th century)
hierarchical_section_title: List of Dutch inventions and innovations / Inventions and innovations / Economics / First capitalist nation-state (foundations of modern capitalism) (17th century)
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: Het scheepswerfterrein van de VOC op Oostenburg in Amsterdam. Prent van de VOC-werf uit 1750, met op de voorgrond de IJ-oever met twee scheepshellingen. Het originele bestand staat hier en wordt hier gebruikt.
context_page_description: The Netherlands and its people have made numerous contributions to the world's civilization in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine. and agriculture. The following list is composed of objects, unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands. Until the fall of Antwerp, the Dutch and Flemish were generally seen as one people.
context_section_description: Economic historians consider the Netherlands as the first predominantly capitalist nation. The development of European capitalism began among the city-states of Italy, Flanders, and the Baltic. It spread to the European interstate system, eventually resulting in the world's first capitalist nation-state, the Dutch Republic of the seventeenth century. The Dutch were the first to develop capitalism on a nationwide scale (as opposed to earlier city states). They also played a pioneering role in the emergence of the capitalist world-system. Simon Schama aptly titled his work The Embarrassment of Riches, capturing the astonishing novelty and success of the commercial revolution in the Dutch Republic.
  World-systems theorists (including Immanuel Wallerstein and Giovanni Arrighi) often consider the economic primacy of the Dutch Republic in the 17th century as the first capitalist hegemony in world history (followed by hegemonies of the United Kingdom in the 19th century and the United States in the 20th century).
caption: The shipyard of the United East India Company in Amsterdam (1726 engraving by Joseph Mulder). The shipbuilding district of Zaan, near Amsterdam, became one of the world's earliest known industrialized areas, with around 900 wind-powered sawmill at the end of the 17th century. In the 1590s the Dutch shipbuilders began to develop wind-driven sawmilling technology. By the early seventeenth century Dutch shipyards were producing a large number of ships to a standard design, allowing extensive division of labour, specialization which further reduced unit costs.[137]
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