page_title: Medieval fortification
section_title: Defensive obstacles
hierarchical_section_title: Medieval fortification / Defensive obstacles
caption_attribution_description: English: Siege of Constantinople, Chronique de Charles VII by Jean Chartier. Français&#160;: Siège de Constantinople.Deutsch: Belagerung von Konstantinopel von Jean Chartier, 3. Viertel des 15. Jahrhunderts.
context_page_description: Medieval fortification refers to medieval military methods that cover the development of fortification construction and use in Europe, roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance. During this millennium, fortifications changed warfare, and in turn were modified to suit new tactics, weapons and siege techniques.
context_section_description: Just as modern military engineers enhance field fortifications with obstacles such as barbed wire, medieval engineers used a number of obstacle types including abatis, caltrops, cheval de frise, and trou de loup.
caption: The siege of Constantinople
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