page_title: Romania in the Early Middle Ages
section_title: Aftermath
hierarchical_section_title: Romania in the Early Middle Ages / Aftermath
caption_attribution_description: English: The Battle of Posada (November 9-12, 1330) in the Chronicon Pictum. The Basarab I of Wallachia's army ambushed Charles Robert of Anjou, king of Hungary and his 30,000-strong invading army. The Vlach (Romanian) warriors rolled down rocks over the cliff edges in a place where the Hungarian mounted knights could not escape from them nor climb the heights to dislodge the attackers. Español: Huida de Carlos Roberto en la batalla de Posada tras ser derrotado por el Príncipe de Valaquia. Crónica Ilustrada húngara. Français&#160;: La bataille de Posada (1330) à la suite de laquelle la Hongrie dut reconnaître l'indépendance de la Valachie (Chronique enluminée de Vienne). bataille de Posada. La belle image. L'armée du roi de Hongrie Charles d'Anjou prise dans une embuscade tendue par Basarab Ier de Valachie. Enluminure du Chronicon Pictum. עברית: ציור בכרוניקה המצוירת בווינה על "קרב פוסאדה". Hrvatski: Bečka oslikana kronika "Bitka kod Posade". Magyar: A posadai csata. A posadai csata a Képes krónikában. Csór Tamás átadja lovát Károly Róbert királynak. 日本語: ポサダの戦い。14世紀ハンガリーの年代記クロニコン・ピクトゥムより. Nederlands: De Slag bij Posada. Chronicon Pictum Vindobonense - Slag bij Posada. Polski: Bitwa pod Posadą. Średniowieczne przedstawienie bitwy pod Posadą. Armia Karola Roberta zaskoczona w wąwozie pod Posadą. Português: Carlos I da Hungria. Română: Bătălia de la Posada din 1330 în Cronica pictată de la Viena. Potrivit ipotezei lui Matei Cazacu, Basarab ar putea fi personajul din stânga, cu un bolovan în mâini. Српски / srpski: Битка код Посада 1320. Türkçe: 1360 Viyana Kroniklerinde Posada Savaşı. Українська: Битва при Посаді (1330).
context_page_description: The Early Middle Ages in Romania started with the withdrawal of the Roman troops and administration from Dacia province in the 270s. In the next millennium a series of peoples, most of whom only controlled two or three of the nearly ten historical regions that now form Romania, arrived. During this period, society and culture underwent fundamental changes. Town life came to an end in Dacia with the Roman withdrawal, and in Scythia Minor – the other Roman province in the territory of present-day Romania – 400 years later. Fine vessels made on fast potter's wheels disappeared and hand-made pottery became dominant from the 450s. Burial rites changed more than once from cremation to inhumation and vice versa until inhumation became dominant by the end of the 10th century.
  The East Germanic Goths and Gepids, who lived in sedentary communities, were the first new arrivals. The Goths dominated Moldavia and Wallachia from the 290s, and parts of Transylvania from the 330s. Their power collapsed under attacks by the nomadic Huns in 376. The Huns controlled Eastern and Central Europe from around 400, but their empire disintegrated in 454.
context_section_description: A new period of intensive colonization began in Banat, Transylvania and other regions within the Kingdom of Hungary after the withdrawal of the Mongols. King Béla IV was also considering settling the Knights Hospitallers in the lands between the Carpathians and the Lower Danube. His diploma of 1247 for the Knights evidences the existence of four Romanian polities in the region. They were under the rule of voivodes Litovoi and Seneslau, and of knezes Farcaş and John.
  Internal conflicts characterized the last decades of the 13th century in the Kingdom of Hungary. For instance, a feud between King Béla and his son, Stephen caused a civil war which lasted from 1261 to 1266. Taking advantage of the emerging anarchy, Voivode Litovoi attempted to get rid of the Hungarian monarchs' suzerainty in the 1270s, but he fell in a battle while fighting against royal troops. One of his successors, Basarab I of Wallachia was the first Romanian monarch whose sovereignty was internationally recognized after his victory over King Charles I of Hungary in the Battle of Posada of 1330.
caption: The army of Charles Robert Anjou ambushed by Basarab's army at 1330 Posada (from the Illuminated Chronicle manuscript)
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