page_title: Bagne of Toulon
hierarchical_section_title: Bagne of Toulon
caption_attribution_description: Condamnés à perpétuité, dessin au crayon de Jules Noël, musée des beaux-arts de Brest. Drawing of a prisoner at the Bagne of Toulon, 19th C.
context_page_description: The Bagne of Toulon was the notorious prison in Toulon, France, made famous as the place of imprisonment of the fictional Jean Valjean, the hero of Les Misérables, the novel by Victor Hugo. It was opened in 1748 and closed in 1873.
context_section_description: The Bagne of Toulon was the notorious prison in Toulon, France, made famous as the place of imprisonment of the fictional Jean Valjean, the hero of Les Misérables, the novel by Victor Hugo. It was opened in 1748 and closed in 1873.
caption: A Bagnard, or prisoner in the Bagne of Toulon, early 19th century. (Source: Museum of Fort Balaguier)
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