page_title: Georgetown, Guyana
section_title: The capital city
hierarchical_section_title: Georgetown, Guyana / The capital city
caption_attribution_description: The High Court—renamed the Victoria Law Courts under the former Head of State’s rule—was completed in 1887, the Golden Jubilee year of the reign of Queen Victoria (r. 1837-1901). A marble statue of the Queen was commissioned to mark the Golden Jubilee but was not unveiled in front of the High Court [Supreme Court of Judicature] until 1894. In 1954 anti-colonial protesters dynamited the statue, blowing off the head and left hand. The statue was sent to England to be repaired. In 1970 when Guyana became a Cooperative Republic, the statue was relegated the Botanical Gardens. In 1990 the city’s mayor surprised the citizenry, and enraging some, by returning the statue to its original location. In June 2018 the statue was defaced with red paint. Georgetown, at the mouth of the Demerara River, is where the British established a town in 1781 when they captured the territory from the Dutch. The French colonized in 1782 making the town the capital named Longchamps. The Dutch reclaimed the area in 1784, renaming the town Stabroek after the president of the Dutch West India Company. The British returned and the town became Georgetown in 1812 in honor of King George III. Today Georgetown is the capital and commercial center of Guyana with the nickname ‘Garden City of the Caribbean’ for its tree-lined streets in the older parts of town. Guyana means “land of many waters” in an indigenous Amerindian language and was the original name for an entire region covering northern South America between the Orinoco (in Venezuela) and Amazon (in Brazil) Rivers. Christopher Columbus saw Guyana on his third voyage in 1498 and Sir Walter Raleigh published a fanciful description in 1595, but the first European colony was not established until 1616 with the arrival of the Dutch. They created two more colonies (in 1627 and 1752) before the British gained control in 1796 (when fighting the French who occupied the Netherlands) with the Dutch formally ceding the area in 1814. It officially became British Guiana in 1831. The economy was driven by sugar plantations worked by African slaves—more than 100,000 by 1830. Upon emancipation in 1838, agricultural production plummeted. Replacement workers were eventually found in India, with 240,000 indentured servants having been brought over by the time indentured labor was abolished in 1917. Bauxite mining beginning in 1914 created an industry that equals sugar (and rice) today (but gold is by far the leading export). Independence from the United Kingdom was achieved in 1966 with Guyana becoming an official republic within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Guyana is the only country in South America where English is the official language (but the majority of the population speaks Guyanese Creole, a version of Creole with a basis in English).
context_page_description: Georgetown is a city and the capital of Guyana, located in Region 4, which is also known as the Demerara-Mahaica region. It is the country's largest urban centre. It is situated on the Atlantic Ocean coast at the mouth of the Demerara River and it was nicknamed the "Garden City of the Caribbean".
  Georgetown serves primarily as a retail and administrative centre. It also serves as a financial services centre. The city recorded a population of 118,363 in the 2012 census.
context_section_description: Georgetown is the seat of the central Government of Guyana. All executive departments are located in the city. Parliament Building, Guyana's Legislative Building, is also found in Georgetown and so is the Court of Appeals, Guyana's highest judicial court.
  The State House (the official residence of the head of state), as well as the offices and residence of the head of government, are both located in the city. Georgetown is the capital city as well as the main economic base of Guyana.
caption: The High Court
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