page_title: Anita Newcomb McGee
section_title: Career
hierarchical_section_title: Anita Newcomb McGee / Career
caption_attribution_description: English: Miss Klotho McGee, daughter of Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee, stands by the Spanish-American War Nurses Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States on May 2, 1905. The memorial was erected by the Order of Spanish-American War Nurses, a veterans' group for contract nurses who had served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War of 1898. The tall, slender shaft with the eagle atop it behind Miss McGee is the Spanish-American War Memorial.
context_page_description: Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee was an American medical doctor who is remembered for her medical work with the United States military.
context_section_description: McGee received her medical degree from Columbian College (present-day George Washington University) in 1892. Dr. McGee won the first prize in dermatology and stood second in clinical medicine at her examination. She followed this with a special post-graduate course in gynecology at Johns Hopkins University. She was in private practice in Washington, D.C., from 1892 to 1896 and was one of few woman medical doctors practicing in the Washington area at that time. She also had connections with the military through her father, who held the rank of rear admiral.
  As founder and Director of the Daughters of the American Revolution Hospital Corps (DAR), she trained volunteer nurses for army and navy service after the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898.
  McGee's organizing ability led to her appointment as the only woman Acting Assistant Surgeon in the United States Army on August 29, 1898, and she was placed in charge of the Army's nurses under the Army Surgeon General's Department. After this brief war ended, McGee pursued the establishment of a permanent nursing corps, which became a reality with the Army Nurse Corps, after passage of the Army Reorganization Act legislation, which she helped draft. In 1900 she left her position with the Army, but continued leading the Society of Spanish–American War Nurses, a group she had founded in 1898. She led the effort to build the Spanish–American War Nurses Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery, which was dedicated on May 2, 1905.
  With the start of the Russo-Japanese War, McGee led a group of nine volunteer nurses to Japan, arriving in Yokohama in April 1904, and establishing a field hospital for the Imperial Japanese Army. The nurses included: Minnie Cooke, Mary E. Gladwin, Alice Kemmer, Ella B. King, Elizabeth R. Kratz, Adelaide Mackareth, Adele Neeb, Sophia Newell, and Genevieve Russell. Five came from the Red Cross Society of Philadelphia, the remainder from the Spanish–American War Nurses Society.
  The Japanese Minister of War appointed McGee "Superior of Nurses," giving her rank on par with officers in the Japanese Army. She trained nurses from the Japanese Red Cross and in June 1904 toured the Japanese hospital ship Hakuai Maru. She also inspected the prisoner-of-war camp established by the Japanese in Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture. In July, the medical team led by McGee crossed over to Korea and inspected field hospitals in Andong. The team returned to the United States in November 1904, but McGee remained as a military medical attaché and observer with the Japanese Army in Manchuria during 1905.
  After her return to the United States, McGee lived in her homes in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and Southern Pines, North Carolina, and in California, where she lectured at the University of California and wrote on her experiences in the war.
caption: Miss Klotho McGee stands next to the Spanish American War Nurses Memorial after its unveiling in May 1905.
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