page_title: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
section_title: Charter Change
hierarchical_section_title: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo / Presidency (2001–2010) / Second term (2004–2010) / Charter Change
caption_attribution_description: Proceeding from public ceremony to private talks, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and President George W. Bush meet in the Oval Office Monday, May 19, 2003.
context_page_description: Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal Arroyo popularly known as GMA, is a Filipino academic and retired politician who served as the 14th president of the Philippines from 2001 until 2010. Before her accession to the presidency, she served as the 10th vice president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and was a senator from 1992 to 1998. After her presidency, she was elected as the representative of Pampanga's 2nd district in 2010 and later became the Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2018 until her retirement in 2019. She is the first woman to hold two of the highest offices in the country: Vice President and Speaker of the House.
  The daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal, she studied economics at Georgetown University in the United States, where she began a lasting friendly relationship with her classmate and future U.S. President Bill Clinton. She then became a professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University, where her eventual successor, President Benigno Aquino III, was one of her students.
context_section_description: Arroyo currently spearheads a controversial plan for an overhaul of the constitution to transform the present unitary and presidential republic with a bicameral legislature into a federal parliamentary government with a unicameral legislature.
caption: President Arroyo with U.S. President George W. Bush, May 19, 2003
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