page_title: Manuel de Llanza y Pignatelli
section_title: Solidaritat Catalana
hierarchical_section_title: Manuel de Llanza y Pignatelli / Solidaritat Catalana
caption_attribution_description: English: men eating
context_page_description: Manuel de Llanza y de Pignatelli de Aragón, Hurtado de Mendoza y Esquivel, 9th Duke of Solferino, 11th Marquis of Coscojuela, 13th Count of Centelles, grandee of Spain was a Spanish Carlist politician. In the late 19th century he emerged as one of party leaders in Catalonia and was its regional jefe in two separate strings of 1910–1914 and 1917–1919. He is recognized as typical example of inner-circle aristocrat ruling the party during the Restoration period.
context_section_description: In the early 20th century Solferino counted among the regional party heavyweights, an example of politician from "inner circle", composed mostly of aristocrats governing the Traditionalist structures. By democratic Barcelona press he was acknowledged as one of "más conspicuos personajas da la reacción". Declaring utter loyalty to the new national leader Matías Barrio, Llanza remained on very good terms with the deposed one, de Cerralbo; by some he was associated with intrigues aiming at enforcing abdication of the claimant in favor of his son, don Jaime. When the Catalan jefe Luis Llauder died in 1902 Solferino was one of the candidates for succession, but regional jefatura went to a military veteran, Erasmo de Janer; Solferino had to settle for the provincial Barcelona leadership. At this post he threw himself into re-organizing local press activities: in 1903 he co-founded and presided over publishing house Fomento de la Prensa Tradicionalista; he re-launched Correo Catalan and enforced personal changes in its managing and editorial structures.
  As aging Janer was in his mid-70s, Solferino was gradually emerging as the key Carlist politician in Catalonia. Not a rally-type public speaker, he excelled rather in behind-the-stage dealings. In mid-1900s together with his protegé Junyent he emerged as advocate of a broad Catalanist coalition, forged by opposition to the 1906 Ley de Jurisdicciones. Though alliance with different breeds of Republicanism raised many eyebrows and public embrace between Solferino - representative of "blood-thirsty clericalism" - and vehemently anti-clerical Salmerón sent shocking waves across Catalonia, Llanza enjoyed full support of the claimant, also when joining executive junta of Solidaritat Catalana. The strategy paid off with excellent performance at the polls; in the 1907 Cortes elections the Catalan Carlists won 7 mandates compared to the usual 1-2 tickets and in the 1909 provincial campaign they won 7 tickets compared to the usual 4. Moreover, the alliance became sort of a model for Carlists elsewhere, with emulating attempts in Vascongadas, Galicia and Asturias.
  According to some scholars the 1907 success elevated Catalan Carlism from "marginal phenomenon restricted to Pyrenean foothills" to an entirely new stature. Solferino himself assumed a new tone when speaking in the Senate; in 1908 the national press reported him as declaring Spain a confederation and confirming that "Cataluña es un Estado y España una Confederación". In return he was accused of having been anti-Spanish. Though in 1909 Solidaritat Catalana fell apart, Solferino and Junyent kept advocating rapprochement with the nationalists. This stance produced differences between Solferino and Janer; as a result, in 1909 the former resigned from the provincial Barcelona jefatura.
caption: with the Catalans, 1908
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