page_title: Tetrabiblos
section_title: Works cited
hierarchical_section_title: Tetrabiblos / Works cited
caption_attribution_description: English: Portrait of Ptolemy: woodcut by Theodore de Bry (1528‑1598).
context_page_description: Tetrabiblos 'four books', also known in Greek as Apotelesmatiká "Effects", and in Latin as Quadripartitum "Four Parts", is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written in the 2nd century AD by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy.
  Ptolemy's Almagest was an authoritative text on astronomy for more than a thousand years, and the Tetrabiblos, its companion volume, was equally influential in astrology, the study of the effects of astronomical cycles on earthly matters. But whilst the Almagest as an astronomical authority was superseded by acceptance of the heliocentric model of the Solar System, the Tetrabiblos remains an important theoretical work for astrology.
  Besides outlining the techniques of astrological practice, Ptolemy's philosophical defense of the subject as a natural, beneficial study helped secure theological tolerance towards astrology in Western Europe during the Medieval era. This allowed Ptolemaic teachings on astrology to be included in universities during the Renaissance, which brought an associated impact upon medical studies and literary works.
context_section_description: Ashmand, J. M., (ed.) 1822. Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos London: Davis and Dickson. Reprinted, Bel Air, MD: Astrology Classics, 2002. ISBN 978-1-933303-12-3.
  Avelar, Helena and Ribeiro, Luis,  2010. On the Heavenly Spheres: A Treatise on Traditional Astrology. Tempe, AZ: American Federation of Astrologers. ISBN 0-86690-609-6.
  Berggren, J. L. and Goldstein, B. R., (eds.) 1987. From Ancient Omens to Statistical Mechanics: Essays on the Exact Sciences presented to Asger Aaboe, vol. 39 .  Copenhagen: University Library. ISBN 978-87-7709-002-8.
  Burnett, Charles and Greenbaum, Dorian Gieseler, (eds.) 2007. Culture and Cosmos: The Winding Courses of the Stars: Essays in Ancient Astrology, vol. 11 no 1 and 2, spring/summer and autumn/winter.  Bristol, UK: Culture and Cosmos,  ISSN 1368-6534.
  Evans, James, 1998.  The History & Practice of Ancient Astronomy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509539-5.
  Evans, James, and Berggren, J. Lennart, 2006.  Geminos's introduction to the phenomena. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12339-4.
  Falconer, William Armistead (ed.) 1923.  Cicero: De senectute, De amicitia, De divinatione (Latin text with English translation). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: W. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-674-99170-5.
  Grafton, Amthony, 1999. Cardano's Cosmos. Cambridge, Mass; London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-09555-7.
  Grasshoff, Gerd, 1990. The History of Ptolemy's Star Catalogue. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-97181-0.
  Houlding, Deborah, 1993. 'The Life and Work of Ptolemy', Traditional Astrologer; Issue 1, pp.3–6. Nottingham: Ascella. Reproduced on Skyscript (retrieved 16 November 2011).
  Houlding, Deborah, 2006. 'Ptolemy's Centiloquium transcribed and annotated' (based on Henry Coley's  English translation, published as chapter 20 of his Clavis Astrologiae Elimata; London, B. Tooke and T. Sawbridge, 1676. OCLC 4731519). Reproduced on Skyscript (retrieved 16 November 2011).
  Hübner, Wolfgang, 1998. Claudii Ptolemaei opera quae exstant omnia 1, Apotelesmatika (Most recent critical edition of the Greek text). Stuttgart: Teubner. ISBN 978-3-519-01746-2.
  Jensen, Derek, 2006. The science of the stars in Danzig from Rheticus to Hevelius. San Diego: University of California. ISBN 978-0-542-90624-4.
  Jones, Alexander (ed.), 2010. Ptolemy in Perspective: Use and Criticism of his Work from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Dordrecht; New York: Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-2787-0.
  Kieckhefer, Richard, 2000. Magic in the Middle Ages.  Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78576-1.
  Lehoux, Daryn, 2006. 'Tomorrow's news today: astrology, fate and the way out', Representations; 95.1: 105-122. California: University of California Press. ISSN 0734-6018.
  Lilly, William, 1647. Christian Astrology. London: John Partridge and Humphrey Partridge. Republished in facsimile, London: Regulus, 1985. ISBN 0-948472-00-6.
  Lindberg, David C., 2007. The beginnings of western science: the European scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context, prehistory to A.D. 1450. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7.
  Long, Anthony, 1982. 'Astrology: Arguments pro and contra', Science and Speculation: Studies in Hellenistic Theory and Practice; edited by Jonathon Barnes et al., pp.165–192. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24689-7.
  Luck, Georg, 2006. Arcana Mundi (2nd ed.).  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8345-3.
  North, John David, 1989. Stars, minds, and fate: essays in ancient and medieval cosmology.  London: Hambledon Press. ISBN 978-0-907628-94-1.
  Pecker, Jean Claude, 2001. Understanding the Heavens: Thirty Centuries of Astronomical Ideas from Ancient Thinking to Modern Cosmology.  Berlin; London: Springer. ISBN 3-540-63198-4.
  Ramesey, William, 1654. Astrologia restaurata, or, Astrologie restored. London: Nathaniel Elkins.  OCLC 606757518.
  Riley, Mark, 1974. 'Theoretical and Practical Astrology: Ptolemy and His Colleagues', Transactions of the American Philological
caption: Ptolemy as imagined in 16th-century woodcut by Theodor de Bry. Caption reads:  Sustinuit caelos humeros fortisimus Atlas; Incubat ast humeris terra polusque tuis — 'Powerful Atlas held up the heavens on his shoulders: but the very Earth and its pole rest on yours'.
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