page_title: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
section_title: Scientific research
hierarchical_section_title: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 / Provisions of the Act / Scientific research
caption_attribution_description: English: CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – A cloud rises from Runway 15 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida as the wheels of space shuttle Discovery contact the pavement. Landing of Discovery March 28, 2009, completed the 13-day, 5.3-million mile journey on the STS-119 mission to the International Space Station. Main gear touchdown was at 3:13:17 p.m. EDT. Nose gear touchdown was at 3:13:40 p.m. and wheels stop was at 3:14:45 p.m. Discovery delivered the final pair of large power-generating solar array wings and the S6 truss segment. The mission was the 28th flight to the station, the 36th flight of Discovery and the 125th in the Space Shuttle Program, as well as the 70th landing at Kennedy. Français&#160;: Cap Canaveral, Floride&#160;: . Español: Cabo Cañaveral, Florida&#160;: .
context_page_description: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009. Developed in response to the Great Recession, the primary objective of this federal statute was to save existing jobs and create new ones as soon as possible. Other objectives were to provide temporary relief programs for those most affected by the recession and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy.
  The approximate cost of the economic stimulus package was estimated to be $787 billion at the time of passage, later revised to $831 billion between 2009 and 2019. The ARRA's rationale was based on the Keynesian economic theory that, during recessions, the government should offset the decrease in private spending with an increase in public spending in order to save jobs and stop further economic deterioration.
  Surveys of economists show overwhelming agreement that the stimulus reduced unemployment. In a 2014 IGM Forum survey, only one economist disagreed that the stimulus had lowered unemployment.
context_section_description: Total: $7.6 billion
  $3 billion to the National Science Foundation
  $2 billion to the United States Department of Energy
  $1 billion to NASA, including "$400 million for space exploration related activities. Of this amount, $50 million [was] to be used for the development of commercial crew space transportation concepts and enabling capabilities."
  $600 million to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
  $580 million to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, of which $68 million was spent on new major (+$1M) scientific instruments, $200M went to fund major scientific building construction at research universities, and $110M was spent on new buildings and major upgrades to existing facilities, including energy efficiency and solar panel arrays, at the Gaithersburg MD and Boulder CO campuses.
  $230 million for NOAA operations, research and facilities
  $140 million to the United States Geological Survey
caption: NASA is among the government agencies receiving additional funds under the Act
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