page_title: Translocase
section_title: Enzyme Mechanism
hierarchical_section_title: Translocase / Enzyme Mechanism
caption_attribution_description: English: A) ATP-ADP translocase: protein responsible for the 1: 1 exchange of intramitochondrial ATP for ADP produced in the cytoplasm. B) Phosphate translocase: the transport of H2PO4- together with a proton are produced by symport H2PO4-/H+
context_page_description: Translocase is a general term for a protein that assists in moving another molecule, usually across a cell membrane. These enzymes catalyze the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. The reaction is designated as a transfer from “side 1” to “side 2” because the designations “in” and “out”, which had previously been used, can be ambiguous. Translocases are the most common secretion system in Gram positive bacteria.
  It is also a historical term for the protein now called elongation factor G, due to its function in moving the transfer RNA and messenger RNA through the ribosome.
context_section_description: The reaction most translocases catalyse is:
  AX + Bside 1|| = A + X + || Bside 2
  
  A clear example of an enzyme that follows this scheme is H+-transporting two-sector ATPase:
  ATP + H₂O + 4 H⁺side 1 = ADP + phosphate + 4 H⁺side 2
  This ATPase carries out the dephosphorylation of ATP into ADP while it transports H⁺ to the other side of the membrane.
  However, other enzymes that also fall into this category do not follow the same reaction scheme. This is the case of ascorbate ferrireductase:
  ascorbateside 1 + Fe(III)side 2 = monodehydroascorbateside 1 + Fe(II)side 2
  In which the enzyme only transports an electron in the catalysation of an oxidoreductase reaction between a molecule and an inorganic cation located on different sides of the membrane.
caption: A) ATP-ADP translocase: protein responsible for the 1: 1 exchange of intramitochondrial ATP for ADP produced in the cytoplasm. B) Phosphate translocase: the transport of H2PO4- together with a proton are produced by symport H2PO4-/H+
exif: {"Image Make": "Apple", "Image Model": "iPhone 7", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "12.4.1", "Image DateTime": "2019:10:26 11:30:16", "Image TileWidth": "512", "Image TileLength": "512", "Image ExifOffset": "206", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[41, 24, 1147/100]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "E", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[2, 7, 2837/50]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "307151/2910", "GPS GPSTimeStamp": "[9, 30, 15]", "GPS GPSSpeedRef": "K", "GPS GPSSpeed": "0", "GPS GPSImgDirectionRef": "T", "GPS GPSImgDirection": "934529/4422", "GPS GPSDestBearingRef": "T", "GPS GPSDestBearing": "934529/4422", "GPS GPSDate": "2019:10:26", "GPS Tag 0x001F": "96", "Image GPSInfo": "1736", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/100", "EXIF FNumber": "9/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "32", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2019:10:26 11:30:16", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2019:10:26 11:30:16", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "56866/8559", "EXIF ApertureValue": "54823/32325", "EXIF BrightnessValue": "61762/10765", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "399/100", "EXIF SubjectArea": "[2015, 1511, 2217, 1330]", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "073", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "073", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2560", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2561", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "28", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[4183519/1048501, 4183519/1048501, 9/5, 9/5]", "EXIF LensMake": "Apple", "EXIF LensModel": "iPhone 7 back camera 3.99mm f/1.8"}