page_title: Jallikattu
section_title: Variants and rules
hierarchical_section_title: Jallikattu / Variants and rules
caption_attribution_description: English: A group of youngsters played with a bull. Jallikattu is a heritage game of south India This photo has been taken in the country: India
context_page_description: Jallikattu, also known as eru thazhuvuthal and mañcuvirattu, is a traditional event in which a bull, such as the Pulikulam or Kangayam breeds, is released into a crowd of people, and multiple human participants attempt to grab the large hump on the bull's back with both arms and hang on to it while the bull attempts to escape. Participants hold the hump for as long as possible, attempting to bring the bull to a stop. In some cases, participants must ride long enough to remove flags on the bull's horns.
  Jallikattu is typically practised in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu as a part of Pongal celebrations on Mattu Pongal day, which occurs annually in January.
  As there were incidents of injury and death associated with the sport, both to the participants and to the animals forced into it, animal rights organizations have called for a ban to the sport, resulting in the court banning it several times over the past years. However, with protest from the people against the ban, a new ordinance was made in 2017 to continue the sport.
context_section_description: Some variants include:
  Vadi manjuviraṭṭu:  This is the most common category of jallikattu.  The bull is released from a closed space (vadi vasal) and the contestants attempt to wrap their arms or hands around the hump of the bull and hold on to it to win the award. Only one person is allowed to attempt at a time. This variant is most common in the districts of Madurai, Theni, Thanjavur, and Salem.
  Vēli viraṭṭu:  In this variant the approach is slightly different as the bull is directly released into open ground. The rules are the same as that of vadi majuviraṭṭu.  This is a popular variant in the districts of Sivagangai and Madurai.
  Vaṭam manjuviraṭṭu: In this variant, the bull is tied with a 15 m (49 ft) rope (vatam means 'circle' in Tamil). There are no other physical restrictions for the bull and hence it can move freely anywhere. The maximum time period given is 30 minutes. A team of seven to nine members can attempt to untie the gift token that is tied on the bull's horn.
  Bulls enter the competition area through a gate called the vadi vasal. Typically, participants must only hold onto the bull's hump. In some variations, they are disqualified if they hold onto the bull's neck, horns or tail. There may be several goals to the game depending on the region. In some versions, contestants must either hold the bulls hump for 30 seconds or for 15 metres (49 ft). If the contestant is thrown by the bull or falls, they lose. Some variations only allow for one contestant. If two people grab the hump, then neither person wins.
caption: Jallikattu at Tamil Nadu in 2019.
exif: {"Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS 1200D", "Image Software": "Lightroom", "Image ExifOffset": "142", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/800", "EXIF FNumber": "5", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "320", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2019:01:15 10:42:46", "EXIF ApertureValue": "290241/62500", "EXIF FocalLength": "44", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "82", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF LensModel": "EF-S18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 III"}