page_title: Health care systems by country
section_title: Russia
hierarchical_section_title: Health care systems by country / Europe / Russia
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Челябинская областная клиническая больница № 1. Город Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 70. Главные ворота и поликлиника (Воровского, 70, корпус 1). Вид со стороны перекрёстка ул. Воровского, Блюхера, Салтыкова.
context_section_description: Russia in 1991-1993 has changed to a mixed model of health care. Article 41 of the 1993 constitution confirmed a citizen's right to healthcare and medical assistance free of charge in state and municipal health establishments. Private clinics are separate system and it is funded by separate payments of their clients or by private insurance companies via paid voluntary health insurance (known as ДМС - DMS). Only paid clinics allow all types of anonymous medical care. State and municipal health establishments also have the right to provide paid services to any person or in addition to free services.
  In all life-threatening cases, emergency medical services, including ambulance vehicles, hospitalization, surgery, etc, are completely free of charge and any documents and name/surname are not required. According to the law "on the basics of health protection of citizens", emergency assistance is provided by a medical organization and a medical employee immediately and free of charge. Refusal to provide it is not allowed. If a medical organization participates in the program of state guarantees of free medical care, it is not allowed to refuse to provide medical care and charge fees. In both of the above cases, a medical employee and a medical organization can be punished under the Criminal Code if the patient has suffered "medium harm" or higher as a result of the lack of aid.
  State and municipal health establishments and their workers are funded by multiple sources. The system of compulsory medical insurance (обязательное медицинское страхование, ОМС - obyzatel'noye meditsinskoye strakhovaniye, OMS) is funded by general taxes of individuals and companies via federal, regional and municipal budgets and by employer's additional quasi-tax obligatory payments (officially called "insurance contributions" but collected by Tax Service) via the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and Territorial Funds of Russian regions. Medical aid in state and municipal health establishments is available for free to all citizens as well as to foreign permanent residents, foreign temporary residents, stateless persons and refugees regardless of their income or employment status, in all cases with mandatory and free-of-charge pre-conclusion of a contract, confirmed by OMS insurance policy (полис ОМС - polis OMS), with one of the private insurance companies decided to participate in the OMS system. Internal passport of Russia and Individual insurance account number are required for Russian citizens. Identity document and legal status in Russia are required for foreigners and stateless persons. Lack of legal status for foreigners and military service in the Russian Armed Forces for Russian citizens are the only reasons for refusal to obtain or use OMS insurance policy provided that it is not allowed to have two OMS insurance policies. On 1 January 2018, 146.3 million persons were in the OMS system, including 66.4 mln employed and 79.9 mln unemployed persons (the total population of Russia on 1 January 2018 was 146 880 432 persons).
  OMS insurance policy is a document confirming the right to receive free medical care. OMS insurance policy or its details are required when applying to state and municipal health establishments. If a person has OMS insurance policy, but does not have it with him, it is not possible to refuse him medical care. A person must choose a permanent establishment for medical care. Health establishment can refuse only in case of overcrowding. Basic services are available for free throughout the country while regional list of services is available for free only in a region of permanent residence. In some cases, free treatment in private clinics (that decided to participate in the OMS system, in very limited cases since this is one of the recent changes to the system), free dental prosthetics and free medications are available through the OMS system.
  Introduction in 1993 reform of new free market providers in addition to the state-run institutions intended to promote both efficiency and patient choice. A purchaser-provider split 
caption: Labels "clinical hospital" and "polyclinic" in Chelyabinsk.
exif: {"Image ImageDescription": "", "Image Make": "BenQ Corporation", "Image Model": "AC100", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image Software": "3.9400", "Image DateTime": "2018:09:15 16:59:28", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image Copyright": "Copyright 2011", "Image ExifOffset": "2286", "Image XPTitle": "[0, 0]", "Image XPSubject": "[0, 0]", "Image Padding": "[]", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/394", "EXIF FNumber": "19/5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2018:09:15 16:59:28", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2018:09:15 16:59:28", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "5", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "8621/1000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "3851/1000", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "3071/1000", "EXIF MeteringMode": "MultiSpot", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, auto mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "81/10", "EXIF SubSecTime": "[48, 0]", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "00", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "00", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "4320", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "3240", "EXIF RelatedSoundFile": "", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "8192", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "0", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "46", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "33", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF Padding": "[]", "EXIF OffsetSchema": "4228"}