page_title: ZPU
section_title: Precursor
hierarchical_section_title: ZPU / Precursor
caption_attribution_description: English: Soviet Union quad Maxim anti-aircraft machine gun. Captured by Finns and known as "organ machine gun". Photographed in the "Winter War - 70 years" exhibition in the Military Museum of Finland. Suomi: Neuvostoliittolainen nelipiippuinen Maxim ilmatorjuntakonekivääri. Suomessa sotasaaliksi jääneet aseet tunnettiin "urkukonekiväärin" nimellä. Kuvattu Sotamuseon "Talvisota – 70 vuotta kunniamme päivistä" -näyttelyssä.
context_page_description: The ZPU is a family of towed anti-aircraft gun based on the Soviet 14.5×114mm KPV heavy machine gun. It entered service with the Soviet Union in 1949 and is used by over 50 countries worldwide.
  Quadruple, double- and single-barreled versions of the weapon exist.
context_section_description: The first dedicated Soviet mount for anti-aircraft machine guns was developed around 1928 by Fedor Tokarev and was adopted for service in 1931. It was a base for mounting up to four 7.62 mm PM M1910 (Russian Maxim) guns. This was also called a ZPU, although the name М-4 was also assigned to it. It served the Soviet armed forces in all major conflicts until 1945.  12.7 mm DShK 1938 was used an anti-aircraft weapon it was mounted on pintle and tripod mounts, and on a triple mount on the GAZ-AA truck. Late in the war, it was mounted on the cupolas of IS-2 tanks and ISU-152 self-propelled guns. As an infantry heavy support weapon it used a two-wheeled trolley which unfolded into a tripod for anti-aircraft use.
caption: The 1931 ZPU for 7.62 mm machine guns
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