page_title: Ulster Defence Association
section_title: Deaths as a result of activity
hierarchical_section_title: Ulster Defence Association / Deaths as a result of activity
caption_attribution_description: English: A plaque commemorating John McMichael and other members of the Ulster Defence Association South Belfast Brigade, City Way, off Sandy Row, Belfast
context_page_description: The Ulster Defence Association is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in September 1971 as an umbrella group for various loyalist groups and undertook an armed campaign of almost twenty four years as one of the participants of the Troubles. Its declared goal was to defend Ulster Protestant loyalist areas and to combat Irish republicanism, particularly the Provisional Irish Republican Army. In the 1970s, uniformed UDA members openly patrolled these areas armed with batons and held large marches and rallies. Within the UDA was a group tasked with launching paramilitary attacks; it used the cover name Ulster Freedom Fighters so that the UDA would not be outlawed. The British government outlawed the "UFF" in November 1973, but the UDA itself was not proscribed as a terrorist group until August 1992.
  The UDA/UFF were responsible for more than 400 deaths. The vast majority of its victims were Irish Catholic civilians, killed at random, in what the group called retaliation for IRA actions or attacks on Protestants.
context_section_description: Malcolm Sutton's Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, part of the Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), states that the UDA/UFF was responsible for at least 260 killings, and lists a further 256 loyalist killings that have not yet been attributed to a particular group. According to the book Lost Lives (2006 edition), it was responsible for 431 killings.
  Of those killed by the UDA/UFF:
  209 (~80%) were civilians, 12 of whom were civilian political activists
  11 (~4%) were members or former members of republican paramilitary groups
  37 (~14%) were members or former members of loyalist paramilitary groups
  3 (~1%) were members of the British security forces
  The CAIN database says there were 91 UDA members and four former members killed in the conflict.
caption: UDA South Belfast Brigade memorial plaque in Sandy Row
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