page_title: Exposition Universelle (1867)
section_title: Exhibits
hierarchical_section_title: Exposition Universelle (1867) / Exhibits
caption_attribution_description: English: Conical pendulum clock by Henri-Eugène-Adrien Farcot, sculpture by Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, located in Main Building, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. George William Childs purchased it for his drawing room at 2128 Walnut Street. Eighteen years after Childs’ death in 1894, his wife donated the clock in 1912 to the University in his memory. The clock was purchased at the Parisian Universal Exposition of 1867 for a staggering $6,000, making it at the time one of the world’s most expensive clocks. Conical clocks have a pendulum that operates in a circular motion as opposed to side to side. This artwork is in the public domain because the artists died more than 70 years ago.
context_page_description: The International Exposition of 1867, was the second world's fair to be held in Paris, from 1 April to 3 November 1867. A number of nations were represented at the fair.
  Following a decree of Emperor Napoleon III, the exposition was prepared as early as 1864, in the midst of the renovation of Paris, marking the culmination of the Second French Empire. Visitors included Tsar Alexander II of Russia, a brother of the emperor of Japan, King William and Otto von Bismarck of Prussia, Prince Metternich and Franz Josef of Austria, Ottoman Sultan Abdülaziz, and the Khedive of Egypt Isma'il.
context_section_description: There were 50,226 exhibitors, of whom 15,055 were from France and her colonies, 6176 from Great Britain and Ireland, 703 from the United States and a small contingent from Canada. The funds for the construction and maintenance of the exposition consisted of grants of $1,165,020 from the French government, a like amount from the city of Paris, and about $2,000,000 from public subscription,  making a total of $5,883,400; while the receipts were estimated to have been but $2,822,900, thus leaving a deficit, which, however, was offset by the subscriptions from the government and the city of Paris, so that the final report was made to show a gain.
  In the "gallery of Labour History" Jacques Boucher de Perthes, exposes one of the first prehistoric tools whose authenticity has been recognized with the accuracy of these theories.
  The exhibition also included two prototypes of the much acclaimed and prize-winning hydrochronometer invented in 1867 by Gian Battista Embriaco, O.P. (Ceriana 1829 - Rome 1903), professor at the College of St. Thomas in Rome.
  Among the horological exhibits, stood out a monumental model, an elaborate conical pendulum clock crafted by two of France's most important artisans of the second half of the 19th century—renowned clockmaker E. Farcot and sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Be Belleuse. Farcot exhibited several units, one of them it is currently in the Roosevelt Hotel in New Orleans. Its base, which features the clock's face and inner mechanical movements, is carved from solid onyx marble. Atop the base, a bronze sculpture depicting a robed female figure holds a scepter. Rotating soundlessly from the female subject's hand, the scepter provides consistent motion that adds to the clock's sense of grandeur and mystery. From its base to the top of the bronze figure stands at nearly 10 feet tall. Farcot, the most well-known of the French conical clock-makers, established himself in 1860 and mastered his craft over a period of 30 years, helping to popularize the unique pendulum escapement, the mechanism which controls the motion of the inner wheels. Carrier de Belleuse was one of the most important and renowned sculptors of the 19th century, as well as the teacher of Auguste Rodin. In 1857, his bronze sculptures grabbed the attention of Napoleon III, and he was commissioned for several important national works, including his most famous piece, Torchere, which still flanks the staircase of the Paris Opera House.
  One of the Egyptian exhibits was designed by Auguste Mariette, and featured ancient Egyptian monuments. The Suez Canal Company had an exhibit within the Egyptian exhibits, which it used to sell bonds for funding.
  The German manufacturer Krupp displayed a 50-ton cannon made of steel.
  Americans displayed their latest telegraph technology and both Cyrus Field and Samuel Morse provided speeches.
  The exposition was formally opened on 1 April and closed on 31 October 1867, and was visited by 9,238,967 persons, including exhibitors and employees.  This exposition was the greatest up to its time of all international expositions, both with respect to its extent and to the scope of its plan.
caption: A monumental conical pendulum clock by Eugène Farcot (1867), Drexel University, USA.
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