page_title: Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower
section_title: East Asia and Southeast Asia
hierarchical_section_title: Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower / Foreign affairs / East Asia and Southeast Asia
caption_attribution_description: 中文: 美国总统艾森豪威尔于1960年6月18-19日访问台湾省台北市时，与蒋中正总统搭乘敞篷车前往圆山行馆途中接受热情群众夹道欢迎，周围由宪兵摩托车连护卫警戒。将总统与总统夫人宋美龄亲赴松山机场迎接，艾森豪威尔总统于傍晚在总统府前广场对50万群众发表演说。两国总统发表联合公报，稳固邦谊，谴责中共对金门隔日炮击的恶行，也依照1954年的《中美共同防御条约》继续保卫台澎金马。艾森豪威尔与蒋中正在第二次世界大战中分别担任欧洲及中国战区的盟军统帅，艾森豪威尔在1943年随富兰克林·罗斯福总统参加开罗会议，曾会晤中华民国代表，国民政府军事委员会委员长蒋中正伉俪。中文（繁體）‎: 美國總統艾森豪於1960年6月18-19日訪問臺灣省臺北市時與蔣中正總統搭敞篷車前往圓山行館途中接受熱情群眾夾道歡迎，周遭由憲兵機車連維護警戒。蔣總統與蔣夫人宋美齡親赴松山機場迎接, 艾森豪總統並於傍晚在總統府前廣場對50萬群眾發表演說。兩國總統發表聯合公報, 穩固邦誼，譴責中共對金門隔日砲擊之惡行，也依1954年的《中美共同防禦條約》繼續保衛台澎金馬。艾森豪與蔣中正在第二次世界大戰中分別擔任歐洲及中國戰區的盟軍統帥, 艾帥並曾於1943年隨小羅斯福總統參加開羅會議, 會見過中華民國代表國民政府軍事委員會委員長蔣中正伉儷。English: With President Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China, the U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower waved hands to Taiwanese people during his visit to Taipei, Taiwan in June 1960. The two Presidents issued a Joint Communique reaffirming solidarity, stating that, according to the 1954 Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, Kinmen and Matsu islands were closely related to the defense of Taiwan, and condemning the Communist China's artillery bombardment against Kinmen. Chiang was the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in the China war zone while Eisenhower was the Supreme Allied Commander Europe. Chiang met President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at the Cairo Conference in 1943 while Eisenhower also attended the meeting.
context_page_description: The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower began at noon EST on January 20, 1953, with his inauguration as the 34th president of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1961. Eisenhower, a Republican, took office as president following his victory over Democrat Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election. John F. Kennedy succeeded him after winning the 1960 presidential election.
  Eisenhower held office during the Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Eisenhower's New Look policy stressed the importance of nuclear weapons as a deterrent to military threats, and the United States built up a stockpile of nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons delivery systems during Eisenhower's presidency. Soon after taking office, Eisenhower negotiated an end to the Korean War, resulting in the partition of Korea. Following the Suez Crisis, Eisenhower promulgated the Eisenhower Doctrine, strengthening U.S. commitments in the Middle East. In response to the Cuban Revolution, the Eisenhower administration broke ties with Cuba and began preparations for an invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles, eventually resulting in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion.
context_section_description: After the end of World War II, the Communist Việt Minh launched an insurrection against the French-supported State of Vietnam. Seeking to bolster France and prevent the fall of Vietnam to Communism, the Truman and Eisenhower administrations played a major role in financing French military operations in Vietnam. In 1954, the French requested the United States to intervene in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, which would prove to be the climactic battle of the First Indochina War. Seeking to rally public support for the intervention, Eisenhower articulated the domino theory, which held that the fall of Vietnam could lead to the fall of other countries. As France refused to commit to granting independence to Vietnam, Congress refused to approve of an intervention in Vietnam, and the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu. At the contemporaneous Geneva Conference, Dulles convinced Chinese and Soviet leaders to pressure Viet Minh leaders to accept the temporary partition of Vietnam; the country was divided into a Communist northern half (under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh) and a non-Communist southern half (under the leadership of Ngo Dinh Diem). Despite some doubts about the strength of Diem's government, the Eisenhower administration directed aid to South Vietnam in hopes of creating a bulwark against further Communist expansion. With Eisenhower's approval, Diem refused to hold elections to re-unify Vietnam; those elections had been scheduled for 1956 as part of the agreement at the Geneva Conference.
  Eisenhower's commitment in South Vietnam was part of a broader program to contain China and the Soviet Union in East Asia. In 1954, the United States and seven other countries created the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), a defensive alliance dedicated to preventing the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia. In 1954, China began shelling tiny islands off the coast of Mainland China which were controlled by the Republic of China (ROC). The shelling nearly escalated to nuclear war as Eisenhower considered using nuclear weapons to prevent the invasion of Taiwan, the main island controlled by the ROC. The crisis ended when China ended the shelling and both sides agreed to diplomatic talks; a second crisis in 1958 would end in a similar fashion. During the first crisis, the United States and the ROC signed the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, which committed the United States to the defense of Taiwan. The CIA also supported dissidents in the 1959 Tibetan uprising, but China crushed the uprising.
caption: With Republic of China President Chiang Kai-shek, Eisenhower waved to Taiwanese people during his visit to Taipei, Taiwan in June 1960.
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