page_title: Color
section_title: Color naming
hierarchical_section_title: Color / Perception / Color naming
caption_attribution_description: This image (when viewed in full size, 1000 pixels wide) contains 1 million pixels, each of a different color. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million different colors, but most of them lie outside the gamut of this image. Created with the following very short program written in Chipmunk Basic: 10 for x = 0 to 999 20 for y = 0 to 999 30 z = int(y/100)*10+int(x/100) 40 graphics color x,y,z ' x=red y=green z=blue 50 pset x,y 60 next y,x The value for red changes cyclically in the left-right axis, in ten periods of a sawtooth wave, going from 0 to 100% in 1% increments per pixel; the value for green changes cyclically in the vertical axis in the same way; while the value for blue changes by 1% in each small, 100 by 100 pixel square, moving across then down, as seen when the channels are separated below. Imagine putting all the 100 by 100 pixel squares on top of each other — you would then have a cube, 100 px each side, with R, G, and B along the x, y, and z coordinates, each changing 1% for every step. In the above example blue changes by 1% in each small square of 100 by 100 pixels, but it could just as well have been red or green. Below are three squares, the top has red changing in each small square, the middle one changes are in green and the bottom is blue. Each of the large squares contain the same set of colors, but in different arrangements. Different arrangements of the same colors (for demonstration only, these are small imperfect renderings). Türkçe: Bu resim, tam boyutunda görüntülendiğinde, her biri farklı renkteki bir milyon piksele sahiptir. İnsan gözü yaklaşık 10 milyon farklı rengi birbirinden ayırabilir. עברית: מליון צבעים. תמונה זו (כאשר מסתכלים בה ברזולוציה מלאה - 1,000 פיקסלים), מכילה מליון פיקסלים, כאשר כל אחד מהם בצבע שונה. התמונה עוצבה באמצעות תוכנת מחשב שהריצה 3 לולאות שייצרו פיקסלים ברמה משתנה של צבעי אדום-ירוק-כחול (RGB) מ-0% ועד 100%, במדרגות של 1%. העין האנושית מסוגלת להבדיל בין כ-10 מיליון צבעי הספקטרום של התחום הנראה.
context_page_description: Color, or colour, is the characteristic of visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple. This perception of color derives from the stimulation of photoreceptor cells by electromagnetic radiation. Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelengths of the light that is reflected from them and their intensities. This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc.
  By defining a color space, colors can be identified numerically by coordinates, which in 1931 were also named in global agreement with internationally agreed color names like mentioned above by the International Commission on Illumination. The RGB color space for instance is a color space corresponding to human trichromacy and to the three cone cell types that respond to three bands of light: long wavelengths, peaking near 564–580 nm; medium-wavelength, peaking near 534–545 nm; and short-wavelength light, near 420–440 nm.
context_section_description: Colors vary in several different ways, including hue (shades of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), saturation, brightness, and gloss. Some color words are derived from the name of an object of that color, such as "orange" or "salmon", while others are abstract, like "red".
  In the 1969 study Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution, Brent Berlin and Paul Kay describe a pattern in naming "basic" colors (like "red" but not "red-orange" or "dark red" or "blood red", which are "shades" of red). All languages that have two "basic" color names distinguish dark/cool colors from bright/warm colors. The next colors to be distinguished are usually red and then yellow or green. All languages with six "basic" colors include black, white, red, green, blue, and yellow. The pattern holds up to a set of twelve: black, gray, white, pink, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, and azure (distinct from blue in Russian and Italian, but not English).
caption: This picture contains one million pixels, each one a different color
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