page_title: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Map of the Ili area as of ca. 1809. It is "upside down", that is the south is on top, and the west on the right. The 9 double-squares correspond to the 9 fortified towns that existed there since the 1760s, as per en:Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture#Qing_Dynasty; from left to right (i.e., east to west): 宁远城 (Ningyuan Cheng = "Old Kulja"; it's a 回城, i.e. a Muslim (Taranchi, Uyghur) town 熙春城 (Xichun Cheng; it's a Lüying ( 綠營). i.e. en:Green Standard Army town Huining Cheng 惠宁城, a town for Manchu troops Huiyuan Cheng 惠远城, a town for Manchu troops Suiding Cheng 绥定城, Green Standard Army Guangren Cheng 广仁城, "left camp" Taleqi Cheng 塔勒奇城, Green Standard Army Zhande Cheng 瞻德城, "right camp" Gongchen Cheng 拱宸城, Green Standard Army (on the east side of Horgos River, 霍儿果斯河) East of Ningyuan, one can see a few 回庄 (Hui zhuang, i.e. "Muslim (Taranchi) villages"). Around Manchu and Green Standard towns, one can see a number 旗屯 (qi tun, Banner farms; the were worked by Solons, Chahars, and Xibe, according to Millward) and 绿营屯 (lü ying tun, Green standard farms), as well as 屯所 (tun suo; yet another kind of settler's farms/villages?). Xibo Bannermen (锡伯八旗, Xibo Ba Qi) are shown stationed across the Ili River from Huiyuan. Kazakhs (哈萨克, Hasake), are shown along the northern and western edge of the map; Kyrgyz ("Buruts", 布鲁特, Bulute), further south along the western edge. Lake Sairam (塞里木, Sailimu), is found beyond the Borohoro mountains near the NW corner. Русский: Илийский край ок. 1809 г 中文: 清嘉慶十六年（1809年）的伊犁地區九城地圖。地圖以南為上。中央最大者為惠遠城，為伊犁將軍駐地。另外八城為惠寧城（今伊寧市）、塔勒奇城、綏定城（今霍城縣水定鎮）、寧遠城、熙春城、廣仁城、瞻德城、拱宸城，均建於乾隆年間。由八旗滿洲、八旗蒙古（察哈爾、厄魯特）、綠營（漢族）、索倫營（鄂溫克族、達斡爾族）、錫伯營（錫伯族）、回營（維吾爾族）駐防。
context_page_description: Ili is an autonomous prefecture for Kazakh people in Xinjiang, China, one of 5 autonomous prefectures in Xinjiang. Yining City is its capital. It is bordered by Mongolia, Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan on the northeast to southwest, with a boundary line of 2,019 kilometers. Including Khorgas, Bakhty and Jeminay, there are 9 ports of entry at the national level. With the unique location advantage, Ili has been an important commercial hub and international channel of opening up to the west.
  The autonomous prefecture covers an area of 268,591 square kilometers, accounting for 16.18% of Xinjiang. As of 2018, the prefecture has a registered population of 4,582,500, of which 2,745,500 are minorities. Direct-administered regions within the prefecture cover 56,622 square kilometers and have a population of 2,930,600.
  The Kazakh autonomous prefecture of Ili is a special case of administrative divisions in China, its legal status is actually an administrative division at prefecture - level. It is the only autonomous prefecture in the country that has both directly administered county-level divisions and prefectures under its jurisdiction.
caption: The map of the Ili region, c. 1809. It's "upside down", i.e. the south is on top, and the west, on the right. The nine fortified towns are shown as double squares
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