page_title: Piping and plumbing fitting
section_title: Material
hierarchical_section_title: Piping and plumbing fitting / Material
caption_attribution_description: English: A display of malleable iron tube fittings made at the Britannia Iron Works in Bedford and each bearing the "GF" trademark.
context_page_description: A fitting or adapter is used in pipe systems to connect straight sections of pipe or tube, adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating fluid flow. These fittings are used in plumbing to manipulate the conveyance of water, gas, or liquid waste in domestic or commercial environments, within a system of pipes or tubes.
  Fittings require money, time, materials and tools to install, and are an important part of piping and plumbing systems. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed separately.
context_section_description: The material with which a pipe is manufactured is often the basis for choosing a pipe. Materials used for manufacturing pipes include:
  Carbon (CS) and galvanized steel
  Impact-tested carbon steel (ITCS)
  Low-temperature carbon steel (LTCS)
  Stainless steel (SS)
  Malleable iron
  Non-ferrous metals (includes copper, inconel, incoloy and cupronickel)
  Non-metallic (includes acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and toughened glass)
  Chrome-molybdenum (alloy) steel — Generally used for high-temperature service
  The bodies of fittings for pipe and tubing are most often the same base material as the pipe or tubing connected: copper, steel, PVC, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) or ABS. Any material permitted by the plumbing, health, or building code (as applicable) may be used, but it must be compatible with the other materials in the system, the fluids being transported and the temperature and pressure inside (and outside) the system.  Brass or bronze fittings are common in copper piping and plumbing systems. Fire hazards, earthquake resistance and other factors also influence the choice of fitting materials.
caption: Display of threaded cast-iron fittings
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