page_title: Latin American literature
section_title: Poetry after Modernismo
hierarchical_section_title: Latin American literature / History / Poetry after Modernismo
caption_attribution_description: English: Sculpture of Alfonso Reyes, Mexican Writer. Español: Escultura del Escritor Mexicano Alfonso Reyes.
context_page_description: Latin American literature consists of the oral and written literature of Latin America in several languages, particularly in Spanish, Portuguese, and the indigenous languages of the Americas as well as literature of the United States written in the Spanish language. It rose to particular prominence globally during the second half of the 20th century, largely due to the international success of the style known as magical realism. As such, the region's literature is often associated solely with this style, with the 20th Century literary movement known as Latin American Boom, and with its most famous exponent, Gabriel García Márquez. Latin American literature has a rich and complex tradition of literary production that dates back many centuries.
context_section_description: Modernist poetry progressed into further experimental poetry, particularly of the Vanguardia, or Avant Garde, which gave birth to a variety of artistic movements and trends. Twentieth-century poetry in Latin America has often expressed love and political commitment, particularly given the model provided by Peruvian poet Cesar Vallejo and  Chilean Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda, and followed by such poets as the Nicaraguan Ernesto Cardenal, Salvadoran Roque Dalton and Peruvians Blanca Varela, Jorge Eduardo Eielson or Javier Sologuren.
  Other significant poets include the Cuban Nicolás Guillén, the Chilean Gonzalo Rojas, and the Uruguayan Mario Benedetti, not to mention the Nobel laureates Gabriela Mistral and Octavio Paz, the latter also a distinguished critic and essayist, famous particularly for his book on Mexican culture, The Labyrinth of Solitude.
  In Chile, Braulio Arenas and others founded in 1938 the Mandrágora group, strongly influenced by Surrealism as well as by Vicente Huidobro's Creacionismo. However, this group of poets was overshadowed by Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral. In Peru, Cesar Moro and Emilio Adolfo Westphalen developed Surrealism in the Andes region.
caption: Alfonso Reyes writer of influential pieces of Mexican surrealism.
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