page_title: Old Master
section_title: Northern Renaissance
hierarchical_section_title: Old Master / List of the most important Old Master painters / Northern Renaissance
context_page_description: In art history, "Old Master" refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An "old master print" is an original print made by an artist in the same period. The term "old master drawing" is used in the same way.
  In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild, and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality is the criterion for using the term.
context_section_description: Robert Campin (Flemish, 1375–1444), Northern Renaissance artist who painted the "Mérode Altarpiece"
  Jan van Eyck (Flemish, c. 1390–1441), pioneer oil painter
  Konrad Witz (Swiss, c. 1400–c. 1446)
  Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish, 1400–1464), Dutch artist and leading religious panel painter
  Stefan Lochner (German, c. 1410–1451), German painter of the Cologne School
  Petrus Christus (Flemish, c. 1410–c. 1476)
  Dirk Bouts (Flemish, 1420–1475)
  Simon Marmion (French, 1420–1489)
  Meister Francke (German, fl. 1424–1435)
  Hans Memling (German born-Flemish, 1430–1494), Flemish artist of the Bruges School
  Martin Schongauer (German, 1430–1491)
  Michael Pacher (Austrian 1435–1498)
  Hugo van der Goes (Flemish, 1440–1483), oil painter from the Netherlands
  Hieronymus Bosch (Flemish, 1450–1516)
  Gerard David (Flemish, 1450–1523)
  Geertgen tot Sint Jans (Dutch, 1460–1490)
  Hans Holbein the Elder (German, 1460–1524)
  Quentin Matsys (Flemish, 1466–1530)
  Jan Mabuse (Flemish, 1470–1533)
  Matthias Grünewald (German, 1470–1528), noted for his intense expressionist religious paintings
  Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528), greatest painter and printmaker of the Northern Renaissance
  Lucas Cranach the Elder (German, 1472–1553), leading German Renaissance painter
  Hans Burgkmair (German, 1473–1531)
  Jean Clouet (French, 1475–1547)
  Albrecht Altdorfer (German, 1480–1538), Danube School of painting
  Maitre de Moulins (French, fl. 1480)
  Hans Baldung Grien (German, 1484–1545), German Renaissance artist
  Joachim Patenier (Flemish, 1485–1524), pioneer landscape painter of the Netherlandish Renaissance
  Joos van Cleve (Flemish, 1485–1540)
  Bernard van Orley (Flemish, 1488–1541)
  Hans Springinklee (German, 1490–1540)
  Wolf Huber (Austrian, 1490–1553)
  Lucas van Leyden (Dutch, 1494–1533)
  Jan van Scorel (Dutch, 1495–1562)
  Hans Holbein the Younger (German, 1497–1543), one of the greatest portrait painters
  Georg Pencz (German, 1500–1550)
  Sebald Beham (German, 1500–1550)
  Barthel Beham (German, 1502–1540)
  Lucas Cranach the Younger (German, 1515–1586)
  Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Flemish, c.1525–1569), leading artist of his day
  Egidius Sadeler (Flemish, 1570–1629)
caption: "Kreuzigung Christi" (English: "Crucifixion of Christ") by Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1503
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