page_title: Diogenes of Athens (sculptor)
hierarchical_section_title: Diogenes of Athens (sculptor)
caption_attribution_description: Piazza Pantheon Rome Italy February 2013 The inscriptions, the first from the original rebuilding in 126 AD and the second from a restoration in 202 AD, read: M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIVM·FECIT (M[arcus] Agrippa L[ucii] f[ilius] co[n] s[ul] tertium fecit) Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, built this when consul for the third time. IMP·CAES·L·SEPTIMIVS·SEVERVS·PIVS·PERTINAX·ARABICVS·ADIABENICVS·PARTHICVS·MAXIMVS·PONTIF·MAX·TRIB·POTEST·X·IMP·XI·COS·III·P·P·PROCOS ET IMP·CAES·M·AVRELIVS·ANTONINVS·PIVS·FELIX·AVG·TRIB·POTEST·V·COS·PROCOS — PANTHEVM·VETVSTATE·CORRVPTVM·CVM·OMNI·CVLTV·RESTITVERVNT Emperor Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Pius Pertinax, victorious in Arabia, victor of Adiabene, the great victor in Parthia, Pontifex Maximus, 10 times tribune, 11 times emperor, three times consul, Pater Patriae, proconsul, and Emperor Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus, five times tribune, consul, proconsul, have carefully restored the Pantheon ruined by age.
context_page_description: Diogenes of Athens was a sculptor who worked at Rome during the reign of Augustus.
  According to Pliny, Diogenes was commissioned by Marcus Agrippa to embellish the exterior of the Pantheon. His caryatids were considered exceptionally fine, and were probably visible in the pronaos of the temple. Given Roman taste in the Augustan period, the caryatids could have been copied from the graceful female figures familiar to Diogenes at Athens. Plaster casts of the caryatids of the Erechtheion existed in Rome at the time, and were conceivably by Diogenes.
  Agrippa's temple was mostly demolished after suffering two fires, and was rebuilt under Hadrian. In the 7th century, the Pantheon was converted for use as a Christian house of worship, and Diogenes' sculptures have either not survived or not been identified as such. Nothing is known for certain about his work beyond Pliny's remark, but it may have resembled fragmentary caryatids recovered from the Forum of Augustus and Hadrian's Villa. Some art historians of the 18th and 19th centuries, including Winckelmann, tentatively attributed fragments to him.
context_section_description: Diogenes of Athens (Greek: Διογένης ὁ Ἀθηναῖος; Latin: Diogenes Atheniensis) was a sculptor who worked at Rome during the reign of Augustus.
  According to Pliny, Diogenes was commissioned by Marcus Agrippa to embellish the exterior of the Pantheon. His caryatids were considered exceptionally fine, and were probably visible in the pronaos of the temple. Given Roman taste in the Augustan period, the caryatids could have been copied from the graceful female figures familiar to Diogenes at Athens. Plaster casts of the caryatids of the Erechtheion existed in Rome at the time, and were conceivably by Diogenes.
  Agrippa's temple was mostly demolished after suffering two fires, and was rebuilt under Hadrian. In the 7th century, the Pantheon was converted for use as a Christian house of worship, and Diogenes' sculptures have either not survived or not been identified as such. Nothing is known for certain about his work beyond Pliny's remark, but it may have resembled fragmentary caryatids recovered from the Forum of Augustus and Hadrian's Villa. Some art historians of the 18th and 19th centuries, including Winckelmann, tentatively attributed fragments to him. Winckelmann conjectured that an atlantid (the male version of a caryatid), formerly at the Palazzo Farnese, was the work of Diogenes.
  Diogenes also created sculpture for the Pantheon's pediment, of equally fine quality, but lesser known, Pliny remarks, because the structure's great height made this work difficult to see.
caption: Inscription recording the patronage of Agrippa in building the Pantheon, below the unembellished pediment.
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "7267", "Image ImageLength": "4775", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Make": "NIKON CORPORATION", "Image Model": "NIKON D800E", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "240", "Image YResolution": "240", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop Elements 11.0 Windows", "Image DateTime": "2013:03:02 21:43:21", "Image ExifOffset": "292", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1078", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "9199", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/100", "EXIF FNumber": "5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2013:02:22 15:34:59", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2013:02:22 15:34:59", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "415241/62500", "EXIF ApertureValue": "290241/62500", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "8/5", "EXIF MeteringMode": "CenterWeightedAverage", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "28", "EXIF SubSecTime": "4", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "4", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "7267", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "4775", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "1678051/8192", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "1678051/8192", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "4", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CVAPattern": "[2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2]", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "28", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF GainControl": "None", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "0", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "3011561", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[28, 28, 9/5, 9/5]", "EXIF LensModel": "28.0 mm f/1.8"}