page_title: Makuṭa
section_title: Etymology and origins
hierarchical_section_title: Makuṭa / Etymology and origins
caption_attribution_description: English: LalitavistaraDeva listening to Dhamma
context_page_description: The makuṭa, variously known in several languages as makuta, mahkota, magaik, mokot, mongkut or chada, is a type of headdress used as crowns in the Southeast Asian monarchies of today's Cambodia and Thailand, and historically in Java and Bali, Laos and Myanmar. They are also used in classical court dances in Thailand, Cambodia, and Indonesia; such as khol, khon, the various forms of lakhon, as well as wayang wong dance drama. They feature a tall pointed shape, are made of gold or a substitute, and are usually decorated with gemstones. As a symbol of kingship, they are featured in the royal regalia of both Cambodia and Thailand.
context_section_description: The crown, in its various forms, originated as headdresses symbolizing the jaṭāmakuṭa, the matted hair of an ascetic formed into the shape of a crown, often found in the iconography of Shiva and Avalokiteśvara.
  By the turn of the 1st millenia, Hindu-Buddhits of Dharmic civilization emanating from Indian subcontinent was absorbed and adopted by Indianized Kingdoms in Southeast Asia; from Mekong delta to coastal central Vietnam, from Java to Sumatra and Malay peninsula. 
  Subsequently the Sanskritization took place in Southeast Asia, hand in hand with the adoption of Hindu-Buddhist concept of kingship. Numbers of Sanskrit terms find their way into local languages in the region. The Pali/ Sanskrit word makuṭa was faithfully adopted as makuta within Javanese and Balinese language to describe royal crown, and rendered as mahkota in Malay and Indonesian. The Khmer mokot (មកុដ), Burmese magaik (မကိုဋ်) and Thai mongkut (มงกุฎ) are derived from this word. While the Thai chada (ชฎา) is derived from Pali/Sanskrit jaṭā.
caption: Lalitavistara bas-relief of Borobudur describing devas (gods) wearing jatamakuta delighted listening to dharma, 9th century Java.
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