page_title: Walls of Genoa
section_title: The fortresses
hierarchical_section_title: Walls of Genoa / The Mura Nuove (New Walls) / The fortresses
caption_attribution_description: English: Genoa, view of fort Sperone Italiano: Genova, veduta del Forte Sperone
context_page_description: The walls of Genoa constitute in their whole the several circles of walls that protected and defended the city of Genoa, former capital of the homonimous Republic. To this day, large portions of these walls remain, and Genoa has more and longer walls than any other city in Italy.
context_section_description: During the 18th century and the first half of the 19th, along the perimeter of the walls were built some fortifications, including Castellaccio, Sperone (on the top of Mount Peralto), Begato, and Tenaglia. Other forts were built in different periods on the hills outside the city walls and along the ridge on the left bank of Val Bisagno. Most of the Genoese fortifications (a total of 16) are still visible and some of them also visited.
  In the second half of the 18th century, immediately after the Austrian siege of 1747, the fortifications were expanded with the construction of four fortresses external to the walls: Diamante, Quezzi, Richelieu, and Santa Tecla, designed  by French military engineers Jacques De Sicre and Pierre De Cotte.
  During the siege of Genoa of April 1800, these forts were the site of many harsh battles between French and Austrian armies.
  After the annexation of the Napoleonic Ligurian Republic to the Kingdom of Sardinia, decided by the Congress of Vienna in 1814, the Savoy government (1815–1840) built a series of forts, towers, and coastal batteries, making Genoa the best equipped fortress in the Mediterranean. The designer of this last phase of construction of the Genoese fortifications was major Giulio D'Andreis.
  Forts along the perimeter of the New Walls include:
  Fort Castellaccio (including Torre Specola)
  Fort Sperone
  Fort Begato
  Fort Tenaglia
  Western Forts (Sampierdarena) include:
  Fort Crocetta
  Fort Belvedere (no longer existing)
  Forts on the ridges north of the walls include:
  Fort Puìn
  Fort Fratello Minore
  Fort Fratello Maggiore (demolished in 1932)
  Fort Diamante
  Eastern Forts (Val Bisagno, Albaro):
  Fort San Giuliano (now headquarters of the Provincial Command of the Carabinieri)
  Fort San Martino
  Fort Santa Tecla
  Fort Quezzi
  Fort Richelieu
  Fort Monteratti
caption: Fort Sperone
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