page_title: Lancashire Loom
section_title: The Loom
hierarchical_section_title: Lancashire Loom / The Loom
caption_attribution_description: Images from Marsden 1892 book on Cotton Weaving. *Marsden, Richard (1895) (in english) Cotton Weaving: Its Development, Principles, and Practice, George Bell &amp; Sons, pp.&#160;584 Retrieved on Feb 2009. This UK artistic work, of which the author is unknown and cannot be ascertained by reasonable enquiry, is in the public domain because it is one of the following: A photograph, which has never previously been made available to the public (e.g. by publication or display at an exhibition) and which was taken more than 70 years ago (before 1st January 1945); or A photograph, which was made available to the public (e.g. by publication or display at an exhibition) more than 70 years ago (before 1 January 1945); or An artistic work other than a photograph (e.g. a painting), which was made available to the public (e.g. by publication or display at an exhibition) more than 70 years ago (before 1 January 1945). &#160;This tag can be used only when the author cannot be ascertained by reasonable enquiry. If you wish to rely on it, please specify in the image description the research you have carried out to find who the author was. &#160;The above is all subject to any overriding Publication right which may exist. In practice, Publication right will often override the first of the bullet points listed. Unpublished anonymous paintings remain in copyright until at least 1 January 2040. This tag does not apply to engravings or musical works. More information. You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1923. Public domain works must be out of copyright in both the United States and in the source country of the work in order to be hosted on the Commons. If the work is not a U.S. work, the file must have an additional copyright tag indicating the copyright status in the source country. PD-1923 Public domain in the United States //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_Loose_Reed_Power_Loom-marsden.png
context_page_description: The Lancashire Loom was a semi-automatic power loom invented by James Bullough and William Kenworthy in 1842. Although it is self-acting, it has to be stopped to recharge empty shuttles. It was the mainstay of the Lancashire cotton industry for a century.
context_section_description: From 1830 there had been a series of incremental improvements to the basic Roberts Loom.
  Richard Roberts 1830, Roberts Loom. These improvements were a geared take up wheel and tappets to operate multiple heddles
  Stanford, Pritchard and Wilkinson – patented a method to stop on the break of weft or warp. It was not used.
  William Dickinson of Blackburn Blackburn Loom the modern overpick loom
  There now appear a series of useful improvements that are contained in patents for useless devices
  Hornby, Kenworthy and Bullough of Blackburn 1834 – the vibrating or fly reed
  John Ramsden and Richard Holt of Todmorden 1834 – a new automatic weft stopping motion
  John Bullough of Blackburn 1835 – improved automatic weft stopping motion and taking up and letting off arrangements
  Andrew Parkinson 1836 – improved stretcher (temple).
  William Kenworthy and James Bullough 1841 – trough and roller temple (became the standard), A simple stop-motion.
  
  At this point the loom has become fully automatic, this is the Kenworthy and Bullough Lancashire Loom. The Cartwight loom weaver could work one loom at 120–130 picks per minute- with a Kenworthy and Bullough's Lancashire Loom, a weaver can run up to six looms working at 220–260 picks per minute- thus giving 12 times more throughput. The power loom is now referred to  as "a perfect machine", it produced textile of a better quality than the hand weaver for less cost. An economic success.
  Other improvements were the 
  John Bullough 1842 – the loose reed, which doubled the operating speed
  John Sellers 1845 – Burnley Brake, a loom brake
  Blackburn 1852 – Dickinson Loom  Modern overpick- or side pick using the cone and bowl that substituted the lever pick. Invented in Dickinson's mill.
caption: Marsdens:1892 diagram
exif: {}