page_title: Three Arrows
section_title: Use outside Germany
hierarchical_section_title: Three Arrows / Use outside Germany
caption_attribution_description: English: Logo of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), Portugal
context_page_description: The Three Arrows is a social-democratic political symbol associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany. It was used in the late history of the Weimar Republic; first conceived for the social democrat-dominated Iron Front as a symbol of the social democratic resistance against Nazism in 1932, it became an official symbol of the Social Democratic Party during the parliamentary elections the same year that represented the resistance against Nazism, communism and reactionary conservatism.
context_section_description: In August 1932, the Austrian Social Democrats adopted the Three Arrows as their combat symbol. The Austrian socialist poet Karl Schneller dedicated the poem Drei Pfeile to the 1932 Austria Social Democratic Party congress. The symbol was banned in Austria in 1933. During Nazi regime, the symbol appeared on pamphlets of the Revolutionary Socialists of Austria and was used in graffiti. During 1932–1935, it was also used in Belgium, Denmark and the United Kingdom. After Chakhotin had been forced into exile to France, the symbol became used by the French Section of the Workers International.
  After World War II, the Three Arrows became the official party logo of the Social Democratic Party of Austria in 1945. The symbol had been modified to include a circle and the symbolism changed to represent the unity of industrial workers, farm workers and intellectuals. The Three Arrows symbol remained a prominent Social Democratic Party of Austria symbol until the 1950s.
  The Three Arrows remained the symbol of the French socialists until the 1970s, when it was substituted by the fist and rose symbol.
  The Portuguese Democratic People's Party, created in 1974, in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution that put an end to the 48-year-long fascist dictatorship in Portugal – renamed Social Democratic Party in 1976 –, uses as its logo an adaptation of the Three Arrows since its foundation (they're pointing upwards instead and each has a different colour: previously, black, red and white, the white having been replaced by orange). According to party members involved in the discussions about the choice of the symbol, the Arrows were chosen as a way to differentiate the party from its main rivals' easily recognizable logos – the Socialist Party, which still uses the raised clenched fist and the rose, and the Communist Party and its hammer and sickle – and to stress the resistance to and rejection of fascism and Nazism.
  The three arrows symbol is popularly used within the American Antifa movement, along with flags based on the symbol of German Antifa. (The original 1930s Antifa group, Antifaschistische Aktion, opposed the Iron Front, whom they regarded as fascist and bourgeois, and Three Arrows was used to represent resistance also against Antifa's affiliated party, the KPD.)
caption: The current logo of the Social Democratic Party in Portugal, inspired by the German Social Democrats' Three Arrows
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