page_title: Astronaut
section_title: Russian
hierarchical_section_title: Astronaut / Terminology / Russian
caption_attribution_description: English: “Soviet cosmonauts”. Soviet cosmonauts (front row, from left): Vladimir Komarov (Voskhod 1), Yuri Gagarin (Vostok 1), Valentina Tereshkova (Vostok 6), Andriyan Nikolayev (Vostok 3), Konstantin Feoktistov (Voskhod 1), Pavel Belyayev (Voskhod 2), second row: Alexey Leonov (Voskhod 2), Gherman Titov (Vostok 2), Valery Bykovsky (Vostok 5), Boris Yegorov (Voskhod 1), and Pavel Popovich (Vostok 4). Star City. Español: “Cosmonautas Soviéticos”. Cosmonautas soviéticos (primera fila, de izquierda a derecha): Vladímir Komarov (Vosjod 1), Yuri Gagarin (Vostok 1), Valentina Tereshkova (Vostok 6), Andrián Nikoláyev (Vostok 3), Konstantín Feoktístov (Vosjod 1), Pável Beliáyev (Vosjod 2), second row: Alekséi Leónov (Vosjod 2), Guerman Titov (Vostok 2), Valeri Bykovski (Vostok 5), Boris Yegorov (Vosjod 1), and Pavel Popovich (Vostok 4). Ciudad de las Estrellas. Français&#160;: “Cosmonautes soviétiques en 1965”&#160;: première rangée en commençant par la gauche&#160;: fr:Vladimir Komarov, fr:Youri Gagarine, fr:Valentina Terechkova, fr:Andrian Nikolaïev, fr:Konstantin Feoktistov, fr:Pavel Beliaïev. Deuxième rangée&#160;: fr:Alexey Leonov, fr:Guerman Titov, fr:Valery Bykovsky, fr:Boris Iegorov et fr:Pavel Popovitch. Русский: «Космонавты». Летчики-космонавты СССР (в первом ряду, слева направо): Владимир Комаров (Восход-1), Юрий Гагарин (Восток-1), Валентина Терешкова (Восток-6), Андриян Николаев (Восток-3), Константин Феоктистов (Восход-1), Павел Беляев (Восход-2), во втором ряду: Алексей Леонов (Восход-2), Герман Титов (Восток-2), Валерий Быковский (Восток-5), Борис Егоров (Восход-1), Павел Попович (Восток-4) - в Звездном городке. Россия , Московская область
context_page_description: An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the terms are sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists and tourists.
  The root "naut" derives from "nautes", Greek for "sailor."
  Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. With the suborbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
context_section_description: By convention, an astronaut employed by the Russian Federal Space Agency (or its Soviet predecessor) is called a cosmonaut in English texts. The word is an Anglicization of kosmonavt (Russian: космонавт [kəsmɐˈnaft]), one who works in space outside the Earth's atmosphere, a space traveler, which derives from the Ancient Greek words kósmos (κόσμος), meaning "universe", and naútēs (ναύτης), meaning "sailor". Other countries of the former Eastern Bloc use variations of the Russian word космонавт, such as the Polish: kosmonauta (although Polish also uses astronauta, and the two words are considered synonyms).
  Coinage of the term космонавт has been credited to Soviet aeronautics (or "cosmonautics") pioneer Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974). The first cosmonaut was Soviet Air Force pilot Yuri Gagarin, also the first person in space. He was part of the first six Russians, with German Titov, Yevgeny Khrunov, Andriyan Nikolayev, Pavel Popovich, and Grigoriy Nelyubov, who were given the title of pilot-cosmonaut in January 1961. Valentina Tereshkova was the first female cosmonaut and the first and youngest woman to have flown in space with a solo mission on the Vostok 6 in 1963. On March 14, 1995, Norman Thagard became the first American to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle, and thus became the first "American cosmonaut".
caption: The first eleven Soviet cosmonauts, July 1965. Back row, left to right: Leonov, Titov, Bykovsky, Yegorov, Popovich; front row: Komarov, Gagarin, Tereshkova, Nikolayev, Feoktistov, Belyayev.
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