page_title: Black Hand (Spain)
section_title: Legal proceedings
hierarchical_section_title: Black Hand (Spain) / Legal proceedings
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Hinrichtung von vier Arbeitern nach dem misslungenen Aufstand in Jerez de la Frontera 1892. Die von der Militärjustiz durch falsche Zeugenaussagen zum Tode verurteilten waren Antonio Zarzuela Granje, José Fernández Lamuela (beide wegen „bewaffnetem Aufstand“), Manuel Fernández Reina und Manuel Silva Leal (beide wegen dem Tod des Bürgers Castro Pelomino). English: Execution of insurrectionists in Jerez 1892.
context_page_description: The Black Hand was a presumed secret, anarchist organization based in the Andalusian region of Spain and best known as the perpetrators of murders, arson, and crop fires in the early 1880s. The events associated with the Black Hand took place in 1882 and 1883 amidst class struggle in the Andalusian countryside, the spread of anarcho-communism distinct from collectivist anarchism, and differences between legalists and illegalists in the Federación de Trabajadores de la Región Española.
context_section_description: In June 1883, the Jerez court sentenced seven people and eight accomplices to 17 years and four months of prison. Two people were acquitted, but the prosecutor appealed the sentence to the Supreme Court, who ruled in April 1884 in favor of the death penalty for all but one accused. Nine sentences were commuted to jail time and seven were executed by garrote two months later in Jerez de la Frontera's Plaza del Mercado. Three days later, the judges were recognized by the Order of Isabella the Catholic.
  In the murders of the innkeepers, one of the five people who attacked the husband at dawn on December 4 and stabbed the couple was shot dead at the scene of the crime. The other four were sentenced to death but never executed. In the death of the ranch guard, two people were tried and one was sentenced to a long prison term.
  Afterwards, the FRTE's La Revista Social showed solidarity with workers but not with the condemned. In the clandestine newspaper of Los Desheredados, an illegalist and anarcho-communist group that had split from the FTRE, lamented that the Jerez executions went uncontested.
caption: Execution of four alleged members of the Black Hand
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