page_title: Nutritional neuroscience
section_title: Treatment
hierarchical_section_title: Nutritional neuroscience / Vitamins / Cobalamin (vitamin B12) / Treatment
caption_attribution_description: English: Sustained Release High Potency B "50" Dietary Supplement, B vitamin dietary supplement tablets branded "Trader Darwin's" (sold at Trader Joe's). The tablets each contain 50 mg of thiamin, 50 mg of riboflavin, 50 mg of niacin, 50 mg of vitamin B6, 400 mcg of folate, 50 mcg of biotin, 50 mg of pantothenic acid, and 90 mg of calcium, as well a "Proprietary Blend" of inositol, choline bitartrate, alfalfa powder, parsley powder, rice bran, and watercress powder, in a base of cellulose, vegetable oil powder, stearic acid, and magnesium stearate. Français&#160;: Supplément diététique à libération prolongée High Potency B "50", comprimés de suppléments de vitamine B de marque "Trader Darwin's" (vendus chez Trader Joe's). Les comprimés contiennent chacun 50 mg de thiamine, 50 mg de riboflavine, 50 mg de niacine, 50 mg de vitamine B6, 400 mcg de folate, 50 mcg de biotine, 50 mg d'acide pantothénique et 90 mg de calcium, ainsi qu'une "Mélange breveté" d'inositol, de bitartrate de choline, de poudre de luzerne, de poudre de persil, de son de riz et de poudre de cresson, dans une base de cellulose, d'huile végétale en poudre, d'acide stéarique et de stéarate de magnésium.
context_page_description: Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.
  Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.
  Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body. The human brain is approximately 2% of the human body mass and uses 20–25% of the total energy expenditure. Therefore, mechanisms involved in the transfer of energy from foods to neurons are likely to be fundamental to the control of brain function.
context_section_description: Patients deficient in B₁₂ despite normal absorption functionality may be treated through oral administration of at least 6 mg of the vitamin in pill form. Patients who suffer from irreversible causes of deficiency, such as pernicious anemia or old age, will need lifelong treatment with pharmacological doses of B₁₂. Strategy for treatment is dependent on the patient's level of deficiency as well as their level of cognitive functioning. Treatment for those with severe deficiency involves 1000 mg of B₁₂ administered intramuscularly daily for one week, weekly for one month, then monthly for the rest of the patient's life. Daily oral supplementation of B₁₂ mega-doses may be sufficient in reliable patients, but it is imperative that the supplementation be continued on a lifelong basis as relapse may occur otherwise.
  The progression of neurological manifestations of cobalamin deficiency is generally gradual. As a result, early diagnosis is important or else irreversible damage may occur. Patients who become demented usually show little to no cognitive improvement with the administration of B₁₂.
  A deficiency in folate may produce anemia similar to the anemia resulting from B₁₂ deficiency. There is risk that folic acid administered to those with B₁₂ deficiency may mask anemic symptoms without solving the issue at hand. In this case, patients would still be at risk for neurological deficits associated with B₁₂ deficiency-related anemia, which are not associated with anemia related to folate deficiency.
caption: Individuals with absorption disorders, or those who abstain from animal products should supplement their diet with B12 regularly
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