page_title: Thirteen Assyrian Fathers
hierarchical_section_title: Thirteen Assyrian Fathers
caption_attribution_description: English: A miniature from the Georgian manuscript book The Lives of Saints depicting St. David of Gareja and his disciple Lukiane.
context_page_description: The Thirteen Assyrian Fathers were, according to Georgian church tradition, a group of monastic missionaries who arrived from Mesopotamia to Georgia to strengthen Christianity in the country in the 6th century. They are credited by the Georgian church historians with the foundation of several monasteries and hermitages and initiation of the ascetic movement in Georgia.
  The lives of the Assyrian Fathers are related in a cycle of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts and are unattested beyond these sources. Some of these vitae are formalities composed for an 18th-century synaxary, but four of them exist in original form, as well a metaphrastic version. The dating as well as authorship of these texts is controversial. The Georgian Catholicoi Arsen I and Arsen II have been suggested as authors of some of the vitae. Other, unattributed, texts may have been composed earlier, in the late 7th century.
  Many monasteries in modern Georgia are named after the Assyrian Fathers and are said to have been founded and led by them and their numerous disciples. In the Middle Ages, these religious foundations played an important role in forging Georgian Christian identity.
context_section_description: The Thirteen Assyrian Fathers (Georgian: ათცამმეტი ასურელი მამანი, translit.: attsammet'i asureli mamani) were, according to Georgian church tradition, a group of monastic missionaries who arrived from Mesopotamia to Georgia to strengthen Christianity in the country in the 6th century. They are credited by the Georgian church historians with the foundation of several monasteries and hermitages and initiation of the ascetic movement in Georgia.
  The lives of the Assyrian Fathers are related in a cycle of medieval Georgian hagiographic texts and are unattested beyond these sources. Some of these vitae are formalities composed for an 18th-century synaxary, but four of them exist in original form, as well a metaphrastic version. The dating as well as authorship of these texts is controversial. The Georgian Catholicoi Arsen I (830-87) and Arsen II (955-80) have been suggested as authors of some of the vitae. Other, unattributed, texts may have been composed earlier, in the late 7th century.
  Many monasteries in modern Georgia are named after the Assyrian Fathers and are said to have been founded and led by them and their numerous disciples. In the Middle Ages, these religious foundations played an important role in forging Georgian Christian identity.
  Tradition, written and oral, names as many as 19 Assyrian monks active in Georgia in the 6th century and the number "13" seems to be largely symbolic. Modern scholarly opinion is divided as to whether they were Assyrians, Assyrian-educated Georgians, whether missionaries or refugees — monophysite or diophysite — from Syria, from which monophysitism had retreated while Georgia was still primarily monophysite at that time.
  Chief of the Assyrian Fathers were:
  Davit Garejeli (დავით გარეჯელი) / David of Gareja
  Ioane Zedazneli (იოანე ზედაზნელი) / John of Zedazeni
  Abibos Nekreseli (აბიბოს ნეკრესელი) / Abibos of Nekresi
  Shio Mgvimeli (შიო მღვიმელი) / Shio of Mgvime
  Ioseb Alaverdeli (იოსებ ალავერდელი) / Joseph of Alaverdi
  Anton Martkopeli (ანტონ მარტყოფელი) / Anton of Martkopi
  Tadeoz Stepantsmindeli (თადეოზ სტეფანწმინდელი) / Thaddeus of Stepantsminda
  Piros Breteli (პიროს ბრეთელი) / Pyrrhus of Breti
  Iese Tsilkneli (იესე წილკნელი) / Jesse of Tsilkani
  Stepane Khirseli (სტეფანე ხირსელი) / Stephen of Khirsa
  Isidore Samtavneli (ისიდორე სამთავნელი) / Isidor of Samtavisi
  Mikael Ulumboeli (მიქაელ ულუმბოელი) / Michael of Ulumbo
  Zenon Ikaltoeli (ზენონ იყალთოელი) / Zenon of Ikalto
caption: St. David of Gareja, an 18th-century miniature.
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