page_title: Hugh T. Keyes
section_title: Principal works
hierarchical_section_title: Hugh T. Keyes / Principal works
caption_attribution_description: English: "Made-in-Detroit" Home of Lloyd H. Buhs, designed by Hugh T. Keyes, 1936
context_page_description: Hugh Tallman Keyes was a noted early to mid 20th-century American architect.
  He designed grand estates for "the great and the wealthy of the Detroit area", and "his work appeared in national magazines for decades." He is considered "one of the most prolific and versatile architects of the period," and significant in the Art Deco and mid-century modern architectural movement in Detroit.
context_section_description: At the end of his career, Keyes identified his "principal works" as the John Bugas residence (Woodland), the Louis Goad residence, the Max Fisher residence, and the Benson Ford residence (Woodley Green). Also considered significant among his works are the Robert Scherer residence, the Robert Hudson Tannahill residence, the Semon Knudsen residence, the Charles Welch residence, and the Lloyd Buhs residence.
  Woodland
  Vaughan Rd., Bloomfield Hills (1959)
  Client: John S. Bugas
  Style: Regency, Second Empire
  Secluded far beyond its high split-stone walls, groves of spruce and birch, and private winding drive, Woodland is one of the last and the most published of Keyes's houses. The Regency manor house features French (Second Empire) elements such as a copper hipped and mansard roofline and Keyes's signature symmetrical bow-fronted wings and wrought iron balconies. Pedimented gables and extending portico-connected wings also evoke the Palladian style, while the house's elegant mansard, white painted brick construction, leaded oval glass front windows and soaring central window interrupting the roofline are distinctive markers of the more French-influenced Regency Moderne style (or Hollywood Regency style). The south side of the house features Keyes's natural light-filled garden room (conservatory), open living room, and library. It sits on a wooded knoll overlooking the country estate's expansive ornamental gardens and orchards and adjacent Eliel Saarinen-designed Cranbrook Kingswood (called by The New York Times "one of the greatest campuses ever created anywhere in the world"). A list of renowned designers have contributed to Woodland's "pedigreed architecture": Eliel's son Eero Saarinen was at the time renovating his own Victorian house nearby on Vaughan Road and worked informally with Keyes; French designer Andrée Putman—"the doyenne of contemporary French design" who created hotels and homes (though "Putman rarely accept[ed] commissions for private residences except for very close friends, such as Karl Lagerfeld [and the Taubmans]") in Paris, New York, Brussels, and Monte Carlo (as well as designed the Air France Concorde interior)—designed seven of Woodland's bathrooms and added an enormous spa with antique Italian glass mosaic tiles and a domed ceiling with a "luminous cornice" ("Putman's baths are legendary," according to Architectural Digest, what she called "the core of a home"); and William Hodgins, "one of the deans of American interior decoration," later made additional and notable Regency interior modifications. Woodland has been the home of a succession of prominent Michigan businessmen: John S. Bugas (local FBI head and second in command at Ford Motor Company behind Henry Ford II—hence the Ford-built, detached industrial power house serving the main house, similar to those of Henry's and Edsel's houses), for whom it was originally designed by Keyes; (real estate heir) Robert S. Taubman, whose extensive renovations were featured in Vogue magazine (Woodland is also known as the Taubman House); and (hedge fund manager) Mark W. Spitznagel, its present owner.
  Goad House
  Lone Pine Rd., Bloomfield Hills (1955)
  Client: Louis Clifford Goad
  Style: Regency, Georgian
  As the center of industrial wealth in the region shifted from Grosse Pointe to Bloomfield Hills, so too did Keyes's projects. Keyes had already been working in Bloomfield Hills (starting in the 1930s—see Welch and Lake Park House below) when Louis Clifford Goad (Executive Vice President of General Motors Company) hired him to design his estate there. Goad House was featured in Fortune magazine in 1955 (alongside projects of Philip Johnson, Edward Durell Stone, and David Adler) as an example of the first resurgence of Americans "building big expensive houses again" since the Great Depression (with reference to Keyes designing several at the time). Goad House is privately nestled off of evergreen-lined Lone Pine Road, within view of historic Christ Church and down the road from Albert Kahn's Cranbrook House. The twelve-room house incorporates Keyes's signature sym
caption: Buhs House
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