page_title: Amazon statue types
section_title: Types
hierarchical_section_title: Amazon statue types / Types
caption_attribution_description: Wounded Amazon, after Polyclitus. Cast in Pushkin Museum, Moscow
context_page_description: Pliny the Elder records five bronze statues of Amazons in the Artemision of Ephesus. He explains the existence of such a quantity of sculptures on the same theme in the same place by describing a 5th-century BC competition between the artists Polyclitus, Phidias, Kresilas, "Kydon" and Phradmon; thus:
  The most celebrated of these artists, though born at different epochs, have joined in a trial of skill in the Amazons which they have respectively made. When these statues were dedicated in the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, it was agreed, in order to ascertain which was the best, that it should be left to the judgment of the artists themselves who were then present: upon which, it was evident that that was the best, which all the artists agreed in considering as the next best to his own. Accordingly, the first rank was assigned to Polycletus, the second to Phidias, the third to Cresilas, the fourth to Cydon, and the fifth to Phradmon.
  This anecdote encouraged the much-discussed identifications of four known types of Roman marble copies of the wounded Amazon with sculptors of lost originals that may be dated to 430 BC on stylistic grounds.
context_section_description: The usual designations of the statues, following Adolf Furtwängler, group them under the headings the Lansdowne type, the Capitoline type, the Mattei type and the single example known as the Villa Doria Pamphilj type. A fifth type was excavated at the theater of Ephesus in 1898 but did not enter the discussion until the 1950s.
  All five types show a standing female with a similar head and face, and (as with the Venus Genetrix) are clothed in a peplos that has fallen from one or both shoulders to leave her bare-breasted.  Their differences are most obvious when the three sculptures, or casts thereof, are displayed together, as at the Casts Gallery at the Cambridge Classics Faculty.  The pose, with one arm resting on the head, is comparable to that of the Apollo Lykeios.
caption: Wounded Amazon, "Lansdowne type", said to be after Polyclitus (Cast in Pushkin Museum)
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