page_title: Petroleum industry
section_title: Structure
hierarchical_section_title: Petroleum industry / Structure
caption_attribution_description: English: Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS) oil refinery in Pančevo, Serbia. Polski: Pančevo, Serbia. Rafineria firmy Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS).
context_page_description: The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting, and marketing of petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline. Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, synthetic fragrances, and plastics. The extreme monetary value of oil and its products has led to it being known as "black gold". The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Upstream deals with Drilling and Production mainly.
  Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical concern for many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, to a high of 53% for the Middle East.
  Other geographic regions' consumption patterns are as follows: South and Central America, Africa, and North America.
context_section_description: The American Petroleum Institute divides the petroleum industry into five sectors:
  upstream (exploration, development and production of crude oil or natural gas)
  downstream (oil tankers, refiners, retailers and consumers)
  pipeline
  marine
  service and supply
caption: NIS refinery in Pančevo, Serbia
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