page_title: Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty / History
caption_attribution_description: English: An arrow strapped with gunpowder fired from a bow.
context_page_description: Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty included the "multiple bullets magazine erupters", consisting of a tube of bronze or cast iron that was filled with about 100 lead balls, and the "flying-cloud thunderclap eruptor", an early cast iron proto-cannon. The use of proto-cannon, and other gunpowder weapons, enabled the Song dynasty to ward off its militant enemies—the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin—until its final collapse under the onslaught of the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan in the late 13th century.
caption: A fire arrow utilizing a bag of gunpowder as incendiary. As depicted in the Huolongjing (c. 1390).
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