page_title: Ottoman Army (1861–1922)
section_title: French Military Mission
hierarchical_section_title: Ottoman Army (1861–1922) / Personnel / Military missions / French Military Mission
caption_attribution_description: English: Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Ottoman general and statesman.
context_page_description: The Ottoman Army was reorganized along modern Western European lines during the Tanzimat modernization period and functioned during the decline and dissolution period that is roughly between 1861 and 1918, end of World War I for the Ottomans. The last reorganization occurred during the Second Constitutional Era.
  The uniforms of the modern army tended to reflect the uniform of those countries who were the principal advisors to the Ottoman army at the time. The Ottoman government considered adopting western style headdress for all personnel within the army, but the fez was favoured because of its user friendliness during the postures of the Islamic ritual prayer.
  French style uniform and court dress were common during the early stage of the Tanzimat modernization period. After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, which forced the Ottoman government to search for other role models, German and British style uniforms became popular. During World War I, the officer uniforms were mainly based on the German model. The Crimean War was the first war effort in which the modern army took part, profiling itself as a decent force.
context_section_description: French military advisors were very effective. A fledgling air force began in 1912, its history began under the Ottoman Aviation Squadrons. A complete overhaul of the provincial gendarme was also a part of the French military mission. The French gendarme mission was led by General Moujen.
caption: Mahmud Shevket Pasha is credited with the creation of the Ottoman Air Force in 1911
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