page_title: History of Dublin
section_title: Late 19th century
hierarchical_section_title: History of Dublin / 18th and 19th centuries / Late 19th century
caption_attribution_description: English: Queen Victoria in carriage with others, at Grafton Street, Dublin. Only last week I was watching a BBC show presented by Michael Portillo where he shares items from the British national archive. In this particular show he was focusing on assassination attempts on Queen Victoria (there were a few). My point, I hear you say - The burly gent in the rear of the carriage, I saw him a few times in the clips selected by Mr Portillo, I am fully expecting his name and vital statistics!! [/photos/91549360@N03/ OwenMacC] identified the two ladies (other than Queen Victoria) in the carriage, they are the Queens daughters, Princess Christian and Princess Beatrice. This was on the occasion of Queen Victoria's last visit to Ireland it was one of her last ceremonious public appearances as she was to pass away the following year. Owen also identified the date as shown below. I knew we would get the names of the two Highland Gillies after extensive work [/photos/91549360@N03/ OwenMacC] identified the men as William Brown (right) and C. Thomson. William Brown was a nephew of the infamous John Brown who was closely connected to the Queen. People Identified Klaxon on full volume!! Photographer: Thomas H. Mason Collection: The Mason Photographic Collection Date: 4th April 1900 NLI Ref: M57/1 You can also view this image, and many thousands of others, on the NLI’s catalogue at catalogue.nli.ie
context_page_description: The City of Dublin can trace its origin back more than 1,000 years, and for much of this time it has been Ireland's principal city and the cultural, educational and industrial centre of the island.
context_section_description: After Emancipation and with the gradual extension of the right to vote in British politics, Irish nationalists (mainly Catholics) gained control of Dublin's government with the reform of local government in 1840, Daniel O'Connell being the first Catholic Mayor in 150 years. Increasing wealth prompted many of Dublin's Protestant and Unionist middle classes to move out of the city proper to new suburbs such as Ballsbridge, Rathmines and Rathgar – which are still distinguished by their graceful Victorian architecture. A new railway also connected Dublin with the middle class suburb of Dún Laoghaire, renamed Kingstown in 1821.
  Dublin, unlike Belfast in the north, did not experience the full effect of the industrial revolution and as a result, the number of unskilled unemployed was always high in the city. Industries like the Guinness brewery, Jameson Distillery, and Jacob's biscuit factory provided the most stable employment. New working class suburbs grew up in Kilmainham and Inchicore around them. Another major employer was the Dublin tramways system, run by a private company – the Dublin United Tramway Company. By 1900 Belfast had a larger population than Dublin, though it is smaller today.
  In 1867, the Irish Republican Brotherhood or 'Fenians', attempted an insurrection aimed at the ending of British rule in Ireland. However, the rebellion was badly organised and failed to get off the ground. In Dublin, fighting was confined to the suburb of Tallaght. Several thousand Fenians (estimated at between 4–8,000 men) marched out to Tallaght Hill, and some fought a brief skirmish with the police at the Royal Irish Constabulary barracks in Tallaght. However, due to poor leadership and unclear plans, they dispersed shortly thereafter, several hundred were arrested. The failure of this rebellion did not mark the end of nationalist violence however. An attempt to free three Fenian prisoners in Manchester killed a guard, for which three Fenians were hanged. Dublin saw mass demonstrations in solidarity with those executed and an Amnesty Campaign for the other Fenian prisoners.
  In 1882, an offshoot of the Fenians, who called themselves the Irish National Invincibles, assassinated two prominent members of the British administration with surgical knives in the Phoenix Park, in reprisal for the introduction of Coercion Acts against the Land League and the RIC killing of two demonstrators in County Mayo. The incident became known as the Phoenix Park killings and was universally condemned.
  Under the 1898 Local Government Act, the electorate to Dublin Corporation was expanded to include all rate payers. Greater powers of administration were also devolved to local government, as part of a political strategy by the Conservative party of "killing Home Rule with kindness", or placating Irish nationalist grievances.
caption: Queen Victoria in Dublin
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