page_title: Garmon
section_title: Oriental accordion
hierarchical_section_title: Garmon / Asian and Caucasian garmons / Oriental accordion
caption_attribution_description: English: An Oriental bayan probably produced in the Tula musical factory some 30 years ago.
context_page_description: The garmon is a kind of Russian button accordion, a free-reed wind instrument. A garmon has two rows of buttons on the right side, which play the notes of a diatonic scale, and at least two rows of buttons on the left side, which play the primary chords in the key of the instrument as well as its relative harmonic minor key. Many instruments have additional right-hand buttons with useful accidental notes, additional left-hand chords for playing in related keys, and a row of free-bass buttons, to facilitate playing of bass melodies.
  The garmons can be of two major classes: unisonoric, meaning that each button plays the same note or chord when the bellows is being expanded as it does when compressed, and bisonoric, in which the note depends on the direction of the bellowswork. Examples of unisonoric type are livenka and Khromka. Bisonoric garmons are, e.g., Tula accordion and talyanka
  Beside Russian folk music, the garmon is an important musical instrument for Caucasian and Mari folk in Volga and Ural regions. It's also used in popular music.
  Known also as the Harmonika it is very popular in Slovenia.
context_section_description: Oriental bayan or accordion was invented in 1936 in the Kazan musical factory, it has a right-hand piano keyboard but a little smaller, so in fact it imitates a piano accordion. In 1961 in the Kazan factory it was revised and the left keyboard mirrored the right one, though the left buttons are not rectangular but round like in button accordions. This type is popular in music of Azerbaijan, where it is known as the qarmon and has been popularized in Turkey through the recordings of Nejat Özgür.
caption: An Oriental bayan produced in the Tula musical factory some 30 years ago.
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