page_title: Consolidated Engineering Corporation
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Consolidated Engineering Corporation / History
caption_attribution_description: Consolidated Engineering Corporation Mass Spectrometer Patent 2341551
context_page_description: Consolidated Engineering Corporation was a chemical instrument manufacturer from 1937 to 1960 when it became a subsidiary of Bell and Howell Corp.
context_section_description: CEC was founded in 1937 by Herbert Hoover, Jr., eldest son of former United States president Herbert Hoover, as sole proprietor.  Dr. Harold Washburn was hired in 1938 as VP for Research, with a mandate to develop instruments applicable to petroleum prospecting.
  Like his father, Mr. Hoover had trained as a mining engineer at Stanford University, studying under Dr. Washburn.  He earned a PhD in Electrical Engineering from California Institute of Technology in 1932.   His thesis Professor was Ernest Lawrence, a physicist at the University of California, Berkeley.  Four physicists from California Institute of Technology were hired into the Research Department. in a project to develop a mass spectrometer.  The initial product was the 21-101 Mass Spectrometer delivered in December 1942, installed in early 1943, initial price $12,000, with no options.
  CEC became a publicly held corporation in 1945, with Mr. Hoover selling all of his stock.  Philip Fogg became President.  The name changed to Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp. in 1955, because some states required that a service engineer for an engineering company be a licensed engineer in that state.
  The mass spectrometer products and other analytical instrument products were separated from other product lines in a “Chemical Instruments” marketing department sometime between 1945 and 1948 with Harold Wiley as Manager for Chemical Instruments. The Chemical Instruments Department became the Analytical and Control Division in about 1959 with Harold Wiley as General Manager.  This name was later changed to the Analytical Instruments Div.
  CEC became a subsidiary of Bell and Howell Corp. in 1960.  In 1968 the CEC Corporation was dissolved and CEC became the Electronics Instrument Group of Bell and Howell. In the mid-1970s the Analytical Instruments Div. of Bell and Howell was sold to the Instrument Div. of duPont.
  Over the years, mass spectrometry proved to be a widely used and powerful analytical technique and a variety of laboratory instruments became available from several companies.  DuPont abandoned the analytical instruments business in the late 1970s, however, CEC's mass spectrometer heritage did not end there.
  In the mid-1950s, CEC had split off a subsidiary, Consolidated Systems Corporation, to produce custom instruments and systems.  Lawrence G. Hall carried CEC mass spectrometer know-how to CSC and led their team to put the first mass spectrometer in space on a National Aeronautics and Space Administration upper atmosphere research satellite, Explorer 17, in 1963.  Nine more satellites and the Pioneer Venus spacecraft carried CSC magnetic sector and quadrupole mass spectrometer analyzers built for NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
  In 1967, this business became Perkin-Elmer Corporation's Applied Sciences Division, located in Pomona, CA. ASD mass spectrometers monitored the respiratory function of returning Apollo astronauts and were evaluated in NASA and U.S. Navy test programs for manned atmosphere monitoring.   They were deployed on Skylab (the first U.S. space laboratory), Apollo-Soyuz (the first joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. space mission), Space Shuttle/Spacelab flights and two more USN submarines.  ASD research instruments also flew on two Mars Viking Landers in 1976, analyzing the Martian atmosphere and searching for chemical signs of life in its soil.
  In the early 1970s, General Manager Bliss M. Bushman led ASD's expansion as a manufacturer of mass spectrometer-based submarine atmosphere monitors and commercial products. Their Central Atmosphere Monitoring System, now in its third generation, has been standard equipment on U.S. Navy submarines for over three decades.  Their commercial industrial chemical monitors are sold throughout the world today under Hamilton Sundstrand's Applied Instrument Technologies banner.  They are deployed in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, steel and oil refining industries, among others.
  ASD became Orbital Sciences Corporation's Sensor Systems Division in 1993 and developed the Major Constituent Analyzer for the International Space Station's 
caption: Consolidated Engineering Corporation Mass Spectrometer, Patent 2341551
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