page_title: Coltrane changes
section_title: Coltrane substitution
hierarchical_section_title: Coltrane changes / Coltrane substitution
caption_attribution_description: English: Four measure ii-V-I progression in C with Coltrane substitution.
context_page_description: Coltrane changes are a harmonic progression variation using substitute chords over common jazz chord progressions. These substitution patterns were first demonstrated by jazz musician John Coltrane on the albums Bags & Trane and Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago. Coltrane continued his explorations on the 1960 album Giant Steps and expanded on the substitution cycle in his compositions "Giant Steps" and "Countdown", the latter of which is a reharmonized version of Eddie Vinson's "Tune Up". The Coltrane changes are a standard advanced harmonic substitution used in jazz improvisation.
context_section_description: The Coltrane substitution, Coltrane changes, or Countdown formula, is as follows. Start with a ii–V–I turnaround lasting four measures:
  with the dominant chord (V₇) preceding the tonic (I).
  One substitutes two chords for each of the first three:
  Notice a dominant seventh chord preceding and thus tonicizing a major chord on C and also E and A♭, both a major third from C.
  This also may begin on C, as on "Giant Steps", giving:
caption: Four-measure ii–V–I progression in C with Coltrane substitution About this soundPlay (help·info).
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