page_title: Thomas Nast
section_title: References
hierarchical_section_title: Thomas Nast / References
caption_attribution_description: English: Thomas Nast bows low before the floor of the U.S. Senate. A group of caricatured senators stand to one side. Some senators hide their faces. Carl Schurz whispers to Reuben Fenton in the background.Caption: "PEEVISH SCHOOL-BOYS, WORTHLESS OF SUCH HONOR." "Apollos, pardon my great Profaneness; oh, pardon me, that I descend so low!" The first line of the caption is apparently taken from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Act V, Scene I. The featured four senators from the greenback advocates on the left (from left to right) are: John A. Logan (Illinois), Oliver P. Morton (Indiana), Simon Cameron (Pennsylvania), Matthew H. Carpenter (Wisconsin)
context_page_description: Thomas Nast was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon". He was a critic of Democratic Representative "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine. Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party. Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam, Columbia, or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork. Nast was associated with the magazine Harper's Weekly from 1859 to 1860 and from 1862 until 1886.
context_section_description: Boime, Albert. "Thomas Nast and French Art," American Art Journal (1972) 4#1 pp. 43–65 in JSTOR
  Dewey, Donald (2007). The Art of Ill Will: The Story of American Political Cartoons. NYU Press. ISBN 0814719856
  Halloran, Fiona Deans (2012). Thomas Nast: The Father of Modern Political Cartoons. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807835876. Scholarly biography
  Nast, T., & St. Hill, T. N. (1974). Thomas Nast: Cartoons and Illustrations. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-23067-8
  Paine Albert Bigelow (1904). Th. Nast: His Period And His Pictures. New York: The MacMillan Company. Retrieved 2009-07-10. ISBN 0-87861-079-0
  Orr, Brooke Speer. "Crusading Cartoonist: Thomas Nast, Reviews in American History (2014) 42#2 pp 292–95; review of Halloran (2012)
  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nast, Thomas" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
caption: Thomas Nast asks pardon for his sketches.
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