page_title: Culture of Montenegro
section_title: Historical overview
hierarchical_section_title: Culture of Montenegro / Music / Historical overview
caption_attribution_description: Српски / srpski: Područje opštine Nevesinje ima 117 nekropola sa ukupno 4.109 stećaka. Oblici stećaka u nevesinjskim nekropolama su ploče (39%), oblici sanduka (56%), sljemenici (4%) i krstače (0.8%). Pravljeni su od kamena krečnjaka boljeg kvaliteta, kojeg ima u izobilju u neposrednoj blizini. Prema očuvanim natpisima i karakteristikama, Nevesinjski stećci potiču iz perioda s kraja XIII do početka XVI vijeka. Mnogi se nalaze izmješani sa sadašnjim grobovima i spomenicima u njima. Najveća nekropola stećaka (452 stećka) u BiH nalazi se u selu Krekovi (zaseok Mijatovci, lokalitet “Kalufi“), 10 km udaljeno od centra grada. Sa ovoga lokaliteta 1960. godine kao izuzetne primjerke, dva stećka oblika sanduka, odvezena su u Vojni muzej na Kalemegdanu u Beograd gdje su i danas izloženi. NKD481
context_page_description: The culture of Montenegro is as pluralistic and diverse as its history and geographical position would suggest. Montenegro's culture has drawn influences mainly from Ancient Rome, Christianity, Islam, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice, Austria-Hungary, and Yugoslavia.
context_section_description: In the 10th and 11th centuries a composer of religious chants (Jovan of Duklja) was the oldest composer known from the Adriatic coast. At the end of the 12th century a script was made, now called Ljetopis Popa Dukljanina, which described the secular use of musical instruments. Seven liturgies from the 15th century, written by a Venetian publisher L.A. Giunta, have been saved in a St. Clara monastery in Kotor. In those centuries the typical music "venetian style" was introduced to coastal Montenegro (then called Albania Veneta).
  Religious music development was sparked in the 19th century, when a Catholic singing academy was opened in Kotor. Also, until the musical renaissance of the 20th century, Montenegrin music was mainly based on the simple traditional instrument, the gusle. The oldest singing society, named "Jedinstvo" was formed in Kotor in 1839. In 1870 in Cetinje, the first Montenegrin Army Music started being formed—although not many people applied for the orchestra, because being a soldier was much more valued in Montenegrin society than being a musician. Many scholars believe that the biggest contribution to Montenegrin music was the one from the Italian composer who spent the most part of his life in these areas: Dionisio de Sarno San Giorgio.
  With his "Balkan Empress" – inspired by the work of King Nikola, got all the praises of Italian critique in the second half of the 19th century. The first music school in Montenegro was founded in 1934 in Cetinje.
caption: Gusle, Montenegrin traditional folk instrument
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