page_title: Forensic science
section_title: Subdivisions
hierarchical_section_title: Forensic science / Subdivisions
caption_attribution_description: English: Death case on bus station in Ashton under Lyne (Greater Manchester, England) on 20th October 2011. Police forensic investigation with using of tent for to protect the found place of death body = crime scene. Such tents are used for to make very exactly check of whole body just there, where it have beed founded: to make it free from clothes, to take all possible swabs, to take photographs from all possible points of views, etc. As well: to prevent against wind, rain, dust from arounded area. To safe dignity of death person of course as well (paparazzi...).
context_page_description: Forensic science, also known as criminalistics, is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.
  Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyze scientific evidence during the course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene of the crime to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a laboratory role, performing analysis on objects brought to them by other individuals.
  In addition to their laboratory role, forensic scientists testify as expert witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic, certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of forensically related cases.
  Forensic science is a combination of two different Latin words: forensis and science. The former, forensic, relates to a discussion or examination performed in public. Because trials in the ancient world were typically held in public, it carries a strong judicial connotation.
context_section_description: Art forensics concerns the art authentication cases to help research the work's authenticity. Art authentication methods are used to detect and identify forgery, faking and copying of art works, e.g. paintings.
  Bloodstain pattern analysis is the scientific examination of blood spatter patterns found at a crime scene to reconstruct the events of the crime.
  Comparative forensics is the application of visual comparison techniques do verify similarity of physical evidence. This includes fingerprint analysis, toolmark analysis, and ballistic analysis.
  Computational forensics concerns the development of algorithms and software to assist forensic examination.
  Criminalistics is the application of various sciences to answer questions relating to examination and comparison of biological evidence, trace evidence, impression evidence (such as fingerprints, footwear impressions, and tire tracks), controlled substances, ballistics, firearm and toolmark examination, and other evidence in criminal investigations. In typical circumstances evidence is processed in a crime lab.
  Digital forensics is the application of proven scientific methods and techniques in order to recover data from electronic / digital media. Digital Forensic specialists work in the field as well as in the lab.
  Ear print analysis is used as a means of forensic identification intended as an identification tool similar to fingerprinting. An earprint is a two-dimensional reproduction of the parts of the outer ear that have touched a specific surface (most commonly the helix, antihelix, tragus and antitragus).
  Election forensics is the use of statistics to determine if election results are normal or abnormal.
  Forensic accounting is the study and interpretation of accounting evidence.
  Forensic aerial photography is the study and interpretation of aerial photographic evidence.
  Forensic anthropology is the application of physical anthropology in a legal setting, usually for the recovery and identification of skeletonized human remains.
  Forensic archaeology is the application of a combination of archaeological techniques and forensic science, typically in law enforcement.
  Forensic astronomy uses methods from astronomy to determine past celestial constellations for forensic purposes.
  Forensic botany is the study of plant life in order to gain information regarding possible crimes.
  Forensic chemistry is the study of detection and identification of illicit drugs, accelerants used in arson cases, explosive and gunshot residue.
  Forensic dactyloscopy is the study of fingerprints.
  Forensic document examination or questioned document examination answers questions about a disputed document using a variety of scientific processes and methods. Many examinations involve a comparison of the questioned document, or components of the document, with a set of known standards. The most common type of examination involves handwriting, whereby the examiner tries to address concerns about potential authorship.
  Forensic DNA analysis takes advantage of the uniqueness of an individual's DNA to answer forensic questions such as paternity/maternity testing and placing a suspect at a crime scene, e.g. in a rape investigation.
  Forensic engineering is the scientific examination and analysis of structures and products relating to their failure or cause of damage.
  Forensic entomology deals with the examination of insects in, on and around human remains to assist in determination of time or location of death. It is also possible to determine if the body was moved after death using entomology.
  Forensic geology deals with trace evidence in the form of soils, minerals and petroleum.
  Forensic geomorphology is the study of the ground surface to look for potential location(s) of buried object(s).
  Forensic geophysics is the application of geophysical techniques such as radar for detecting objects hidden underground or underwater.
  Forensic intelligence process starts with the collection of data and ends with the integration of results within into the analysis of crimes under investigation.
  Forensic Interviews are c
caption: Police forensic investigation in Ashton-under-Lyne, England, using a tent to protect the crime scene
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