page_title: Vpered
section_title: Proletarian universities
hierarchical_section_title: Vpered / Proletarian universities
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Обложка книги В. И. Ленина "Что дѣлать?" (1902)
context_page_description: Vpered was a subfaction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Although Vpered emerged from the Bolshevik wing of the party, it was critical of Lenin. The group was gathered by Alexander Bogdanov in December 1909 and was active until 1912. Other notable members of the group included Maxim Gorky, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Mikhail Pokrovsky, Grigory Aleksinsky, Stanislav Volski, and Martyn Liadov.
context_section_description: Vpered organised an experimental proletarian university on the Isle of Capri which operated from August to December 1909 (from Gorky's home on the island). Another operated in Bologna from November 1910 to March 1911. Lenin argued that Vpered had used 80,000 rubles for the undertaking and that the group should be expelled from the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP).
caption: What Is to Be Done? (1902)
exif: {"Image SubfileType": "Full-resolution Image", "Image ImageWidth": "1255", "Image ImageLength": "1754", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image Compression": "LZW", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image StripOffsets": "[21162, 150604, 285156, 431408, 582668, 747080, 897268, 1062042, 1208722, 1361580, 1508822, 1654656, 1816410, 1982366, 2145998, 2292100, 2438580, 2586586, 2742142, 2888784, 3034896, 3180818, 3331974, 3490280, 3635212, 3767336]", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image RowsPerStrip": "69", "Image StripByteCounts": "[129441, 134551, 146252, 151259, 164411, 150187, 164773, 146680, 152858, 147242, 145834, 161753, 165955, 163632, 146102, 146480, 148005, 155555, 146641, 146111, 145922, 151156, 158306, 144931, 132123, 56181]", "Image PlanarConfiguration": "1", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS3 Windows", "Image DateTime": "2011:04:18 04:54:03", "Image Predictor": "Horizontal differencing", "Image Tag 0x8649": "[]"}