page_title: Cresmina Dune
section_title: Rehabilitation
hierarchical_section_title: Cresmina Dune / Rehabilitation
caption_attribution_description: English: View of the dunes of Cresmina, near Cascais, Portugal
context_page_description: The Cresmina Dune extends over 66 hectares and is a part of the Guincho-Oitavos dune system, located on the edge of the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park near Cascais in Portugal. This dune system is considered fairly unique because, as a result of the prevailing northwest winds, the sand from the Guincho and Cresmina beaches eventually returns to the sea 5km further to the south near Guia, after migrating over the flat, rocky and largely uninhabited area of Cabo Raso.
context_section_description: Within the framework of the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park Visitation and Interpretation Network, the municipality of Cascais has been working since 2011 to rehabilitate dunes, in partnership with the Portuguese Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests. The work aims at providing maximum protection for the dunes by controlling pedestrian access and enabling local fauna and flora to recover from past damage caused by dogs, walkers, horse riders and cross-country vehicles. The dunes are now fully fenced. The work has also included the installation of natural regenerators, made using palisades of dead plant material. The placement of these structures is crucial to reduce the wind speed and thus contain the advance of the sand. 
  The Cresmina Dune Interpretation Centre provides informative panels on the walls of a refreshment bar. It aims to inform visitors of the unique fauna and flora associated with the Guincho-Cresmina dune system. Raised wooden walkways were installed to prevent people walking in the dunes. They are of close to 2km in length and enable visitors to see native plants that are only found in the area, together with the fauna and flora that form a delicate ecological balance with the dunes. Some damage was caused to the northern part of the walkway as a result of a forest fire in the Sintra-Cascais Park that burned over 600 hectares on 6 October 2018 but it was speedily repaired.
  Local vegetation recovery actions have also been implemented, namely through the removal of invasive species, such as the weeping Carpobrotus edulis, together with the planting of native species such as  Ammophila arenaria (European Marram Grass), Armeria welwitschii  (thrift),  Juniperus turbinata (beach sabina), Pancratium maritimum, (sea daffodil) and Ononis ramosissima.
caption: View from the south
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