page_title: Korea under Japanese rule
section_title: Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
hierarchical_section_title: Korea under Japanese rule / Background / Political turmoil in Korea / Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
caption_attribution_description: English: A depiction of the Ganghwa Island incident, an armed encounter between the Joseon Dynasty of Korea and Japan in the vicinity of Ganghwa Island, showing Japanese marines from the gunboat Un'yō landing on Yeongjong Island on 20 September 1875 to attack the Yeongjong castle (actually a battery). 한국어: 운양호 사건. 일본 목판화.
context_page_description: Japanese Korea was the period when Korea was under Japanese rule, between 1910 and 1945.
  Joseon Korea came under the Japanese sphere of influence in the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 and a complex coalition of the Meiji government, military, and business officials began a process of Korea's political and economic integration into Japan. The Korean Empire became a protectorate of Japan in 1905 in the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 and the country was indirectly ruled by the Japanese through the Resident-General of Korea. Japan formally annexed the Korean Empire in 1910 in the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910, without the consent of Gojong, the regent of the Korean Emperor Sunjong. The Japanese Empire had established the Korean Peninsula as a colony of Japan administered by the General Government based in Keijō which governed Korea with near-absolute power.
  Japanese rule prioritized Korea's Japanization, accelerating industrialization started by the Gwangmu Reform, building public works, and fighting the Korean independence movement.
context_section_description: On 27 February 1876, the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876, also known in Japan as the Japanese–Korea Treaty of Amity (日朝修好条規, Nitchō-shūkōjōki, Korean: 강화도조약; Hanja: 江華島條約; RR: Ganghwado joyak) was signed. It was designed to open up Korea to Japanese trade, and the rights granted to Japan under the treaty were similar to those granted Western powers in Japan following the visit of Commodore Perry in 1854. However, the treaty ended Korea's status as a protectorate of China, forced open three Korean ports to Japanese trade, granted extraterritorial rights to Japanese citizens, and was an unequal treaty signed under duress (gunboat diplomacy) of the Ganghwa Island incident of 1875.
  As a result of the treaty, Japanese merchants came to Busan, which became the center for foreign trade and commerce. Japanese officials then published Korea's first newspaper, Chōsen shinpō (朝鮮新報), in 1881. Chinese language articles were aimed at Korea's educated elite, which advocated for constitutional government, freedom of speech, strong rule of law and legal rights, and Korean-led industrialization. Few of these goals came to pass. Japanese language articles focused on news regarding business, specifically "the stagnant Pusan trade" in rice and other farmed goods, which fluctuated wildly due to weather conditions and the whims of the tax-levying elite class. It ceased publication sometime after May 1882.
caption: Japanese marines landing from the Unyo at Yeongjong Island which is near Ganghwa
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