page_title: Daimler Twenty-Two
section_title: Engine
hierarchical_section_title: Daimler Twenty-Two / New range / Engine
caption_attribution_description: English: 1902 Daimler 12 engine with annotations by Eddaido
context_page_description: Their new Daimler 22 horsepower full-size luxury car was first displayed by Daimler in April 1902 at The Automobile Club’s Exhibition in London's Agricultural Hall. Daimler had elected to drop their multiple old low powered designs and restrict themselves to this 22 horsepower and a pair of 9 or 12 horsepower cars to the same design as the 22 but more lightly constructed. The King’s not quite finished new Daimler 22 was reported to be the chief attraction of the show.
  The 22 horsepower cars were geared to run at about 40 to 50 miles per hour when the engine was running at normal speed.
  The following January 1903 Daimler, having earlier dropped the 9 hp, replaced their 12 with a 14-horsepower car making a range of just two vehicles.
  In January 1904 Daimler introduced a wholly new range of four cars including a 3.8-litre 18/22.
context_section_description: The 4-cylinder, 4½-litre side-valve engine is a pair of cast iron twin-cylinder blocks bolted to an aluminium crankcase cast in upper and lower halves.
  It develops 22 hp at 720 rpm at which speed in top gear the car should be running at between 40 and 50 mph.
  The engine's governor regulates by suspending the action of the exhaust valves consecutively. There are also throttle valves under the control of the driver.
  The four forward speeds are selected by one lever, reverse by a small lever on the footboard.
  The crankshaft has three main bearings. Two double rings are fitted to the pistons. The skirt of each piston is reduced slightly in diameter to form an oil retaining space. The steel connecting rods are drop forgings. Gudgeon pin bearings are bushed with steel, the gun-metal big end bearings are lined with white metal as with all other bearings throughout the engine. The camshaft is driven from the crankshaft by spur wheel. The camshaft bearings are part of the crankcase covered by an upper half that is a separate casting and provides a guide for the pushrods. The camshaft’s forward end carries the centrifugal governor. A half-inch pitch roller chain links the drive to the commutator mounted on the car’s dashboard. The camshaft is lubricated by splash from the crankshaft. Throttle valves are worked by the driver.
  Dashboard
  Ignition
  Electric ignition is fitted together with a supplementary Tube system. A combined igniter, a single plug, is screwed into each cylinder's valve chamber. At the opposite end from the valve chamber the tubes project into an enclosed metal casing  where they are heated by lamp burners. They are so organised that if a lamp is blown out it will relight itself. But this hot tube ignition is just provided in case the electric ignition fails. Electric ignition is better because the timing of the ignition can be varied.
  Fuel
  Petrol is supplied by gravity from the tank at the rear of the car but once the car is under way exhaust gases maintain a pressure within this tank. A lubricating oil tank is pressurised the same way. The petrol tank is in two compartments separated by a partial partition. Both sections are filled when the tank is filled above that partition but when the larger tank is empty the second tank provides a fresh supply and a timely warning to the driver.
  An exhaust box is mounted on the near (left) side between the countershaft and the back axle. After passing through this box the gases are led across the back of the car in a pipe with a perforated underside to minimise the dust stirred up.
  Cooling
  The starting handle passes through a water tank at the front of the car. The radiator is fixed immediately above this tank. Its sides are of ribbed aluminium castings connected by finned tubes run horizontally across the front of the car. The ribbed aluminium castings inspired Daimler's flutes. The water circulating centrifugal pump is driven by a friction wheel pressing against the flywheel. Two pressure lubricators feed the pump's bearings. The design ensures natural circulation would continue if the pump were out of order. There is a sheet metal casing beneath the engine as a dust-shield.
caption: annotated image
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