page_title: Elkhorn coral
section_title: Ecosystem services
hierarchical_section_title: Elkhorn coral / Ecosystem services
caption_attribution_description: English: Snorkelers and elkhorn coral at en:Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA Français&#160;: Snorkelers et coral au parc national de Biscayne, Floride, États-Unis
context_page_description: Elkhorn coral is an important reef-building coral in the Caribbean. The species has a complex structure with many branches which resemble that of elk antlers; hence, the common name. The branching structure creates habitat and shelter for many other reef species. Elkhorn coral is known to both grow quickly with an average growth rate of 5 to 10 cm. They can reproduce both sexually and asexually, though asexual reproduction is much more common and occurs through a process called fragmentation.
  Although Elkhorn coral dominated the Caribbean in the early 1980s, the species has since dramatically declined in numbers. Scientists have estimated that between 1980 and 2006, when it was listed in the Endangered Species Act, the population declined by around 97%. This decline was due to a variety of factors, including disease, algae growth, climate change, ocean acidification, and human activity. In May 2006, Elkhorn coral was officially listed as threatened in the ESA along with another species in the Acropora genus, Staghorn coral. Some conservation efforts are now in place to protect the species and promote increased genetic variability among the species.
context_section_description: Through their ecosystem services, Elkhorn coral increase the commercial value of coral reefs.
caption: Elkhorn coral provide important reef-building services.
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