page_title: Quarry
section_title: Problems
hierarchical_section_title: Quarry / Problems
caption_attribution_description: Marble quarry at Carrara, Province Massa-Carrara, Italy. Bacino di Fantiscritti, Galleria Ravaccione
context_page_description: A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. The operation of quarries are regulated in some jurisdictions to reduce their environmental impacts.
  The word quarry can also include the underground quarrying for stone, such as Bath stone.
context_section_description: Quarries in level areas with shallow groundwater or which are located close to surface water often have engineering problems with drainage. Generally the water is removed by pumping while the quarry is operational, but for high inflows more complex approaches may be required.  For example, the Coquina quarry is excavated to more than 60 feet (18 m) below sea level. 
  To reduce surface leakage, a moat lined with clay was constructed around the entire quarry. Groundwater entering the pit is pumped up into the moat.  As a quarry becomes deeper, water inflows generally increase and it also becomes more expensive to lift the water higher during removal; this can become the limiting factor in quarry depth.  Some water-filled quarries are worked from beneath the water, by dredging.
  Many people and municipalities consider quarries to be eyesores and require various abatement methods to address problems with noise, dust, and appearance.  One of the more effective and famous examples of successful quarry restoration is Butchart Gardens in Victoria, BC, Canada.
  A further problem is pollution of roads from trucks leaving the quarries. To control and restrain the pollution of public roads, wheel washing systems are becoming more common.
caption: Extraction work in a marble quarry in Carrara, Italy
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