page_title: August 1920
section_title: August 12, 1920 (Thursday)
hierarchical_section_title: August 1920 / August 12, 1920 (Thursday)
caption_attribution_description: Ελληνικά: Ο Ελ. Βενιζέλος μετά την εναντίων του απόπειρα στο Παρίσι English: Eleftherios Venizelos, injured from the Paris assassination attempt, on the journey back to Greece in 1920 Français&#160;: Eleftherios Venizelos, blesse après l'attentat à la gare de Lyon, sur le chemin du retour vers la Grèce, en 1920
context_page_description: In British India, independence activist Mohandas K. Gandhi began the first of four stages of his non-cooperation movement with the British colonial government, as an extension of his Satyagraha movement, by "giving up all titles and honors conferred by the Crown" because Britain had failed to modify terms its policies regarding its Asian colonies Gandhi began by returning the medals granted him by the Crown. Each stage was to be more severe, starting with resignation of Indian Muslims and Hindus from government jobs; resignation of officers and soldiers from the British Army; and finally, refusal to pay taxes. Gandhi had announced the August 1 deadline in late June
  The Civil Service Retirement Act, establishing a retirement system for United States government employees, went into effect.
  Radium treatment, at no cost, for victims of cancer was announced by New York's State Institute for the Study of Malignant Disease, with treatments to begin at the research clinic of the American Association for Cancer Research in Buffalo, New York, on October 15. The state had recently purchased 2.25 grams of radium for $225,000 for human research.
context_section_description: Terence MacSwiney, the Mayor of Cork was arrested by British troops and charged with sedition, to be tried in military court, for holding a meeting of the Sinn Féin in the Cork City Hall.  Within five days, he was court-martialed, convicted, and put on board a ship to be taken to a prison in England   In prison, he would begin a hunger strike and die of starvation.
  Charles Ponzi was arrested for defrauding investors of seven million dollars, after surrendering to federal authorities at the Boston federal courthouse.
  Greece's Prime Minister Eleutherios Venizelos was wounded in an assassination attempt by Greek royalists while in France at the Lyons railway station. Bullets struck him in the left shoulder and left thigh before the attackers were subdued and beaten by bystanders 
  Died: Hermann von Struve, 64, Russian-born German astronomer and the developer of the Struve function
caption: Venizelos after being shot
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