page_title: List of mammals of South America
section_title: Order: Primates
hierarchical_section_title: List of mammals of South America / Subclass: Theria / Infraclass: Eutheria / Superorder: Euarchontoglires / Order: Primates
caption_attribution_description: Emperor Tamarin The source image has been adjusted in brightness and reduced in size.
context_page_description: This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in South America. South America's terrestrial mammals fall into three distinct groups: "old-timers", African immigrants and recent North American immigrants. The marsupials and xenarthrans are "old-timers", their ancestors having been present on the continent since at least the very early Cenozoic Era. During the early Cenozoic, South America's only land connection was to Antarctica, so it was effectively cut off from most of the world; as the fragments of Gondwana continued to separate, this connection was lost, leaving South America an island continent. Caviomorph rodents and monkeys arrived as "waif dispersers" by rafting across the Atlantic from Africa in the Eocene epoch, 35 million or more years ago. All the remaining nonflying mammals of South America are recent arrivals, having migrated from North America via Central America during the past seven million years as part of the Great American Interchange; this invasion, which peaked around three million years ago, was made possible when the formation of the volcanic Isthmus of Panama bridged North and South America.
context_section_description: The order Primates includes the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided into four main groupings: strepsirrhines, tarsiers, monkeys of the New World (parvorder Platyrrhini), and monkeys and apes of the Old World. South America's 20 genera of nonhuman primates compares with 6 in Central America, 15 in Madagascar, 23 in Africa and 19 in Asia. All South American monkeys are believed to be descended from ancestors that rafted over from Africa about 25 million years ago in a single dispersal event.
  Suborder: Haplorrhini
  Infraorder: Simiiformes
  Parvorder: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)
  Family: Aotidae (night monkeys)
  Genus: Aotus
  Azara's night monkey, Aotus azarae LC
  Brumback's night monkey, Aotus brumbacki VU
  Gray-handed night monkey, Aotus griseimembra VU
  Hernández-Camacho's night monkey, Aotus jorgehernandezi DD
  Gray-bellied night monkey, Aotus lemurinus VU
  Peruvian night monkey, Aotus miconax VU
  Nancy Ma's night monkey, Aotus nancymaae LC
  Black-headed night monkey, Aotus nigriceps LC
  Three-striped night monkey, Aotus trivirgatus LC
  Spix's night monkey, Aotus vociferans LC
  Panamanian night monkey, Aotus zonalis DD
  Family: Callitrichidae
  Genus: Callibella
  Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset, Callibella humilis VU
  Genus: Cebuella
  Pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea LC
  Genus: Callithrix
  Buffy-tufted marmoset, Callithrix aurita VU
  Buffy-headed marmoset, Callithrix flaviceps EN
  White-headed marmoset, Callithrix geoffroyi LC
  Common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus LC
  Wied's marmoset, Callithrix kuhlii NT
  Black-tufted marmoset, Callithrix penicillata LC
  Genus: Mico
  Rio Acari marmoset, Mico acariensis DD
  Silvery marmoset, Mico argentatus LC
  Gold-and-white marmoset, Mico chrysoleucus DD
  Emilia's marmoset, Mico emiliae DD
  Santarem marmoset, Mico humeralifer DD
  Hershkovitz's marmoset, Mico intermedius LC
  White marmoset, Mico leucippe VU
  Manicore marmoset, Mico manicorensis LC
  Marca's marmoset, Mico marcai DD
  Maués marmoset, Mico mauesi LC
  Black-tailed marmoset, Mico melanurus LC
  Black-headed marmoset, Mico nigriceps DD
  Rondon's marmoset, Mico rondoni VU
  Satéré marmoset, Mico saterei LC
  Genus: Callimico
  Goeldi's marmoset, Callimico goeldii VU
  Genus: Leontopithecus
  Superagui lion tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara CR
  Golden-headed lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysomelas EN
  Black lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus EN
  Golden lion tamarin, Leontopithecus rosalia EN
  Genus: Saguinus
  Pied tamarin, Saguinus bicolor EN
  Brown-mantled tamarin, Saguinus fuscicollis LC
  Geoffroy's tamarin, Saguinus geoffroyi LC
  Graells's tamarin, Saguinus graellsi NT
  Emperor tamarin, Saguinus imperator LC
  Mottle-faced tamarin, Saguinus inustus LC
  White-lipped tamarin, Saguinus labiatus LC
  White-footed tamarin, Saguinus leucopus EN
  Martins's tamarin, Saguinus martinsi LC
  White-mantled tamarin, Saguinus melanoleucus LC
  Red-handed tamarin, Saguinus midas LC
  Moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax LC
  Black tamarin, Saguinus niger VU
  Black-mantled tamarin, Saguinus nigricollis LC
  Cottontop tamarin, Saguinus oedipus CR
  Red-capped tamarin, Saguinus pileatus LC
  Golden-mantled tamarin, Saguinus tripartitus NT
  Family: Cebidae
  Subfamily: Cebinae
  Genus: Cebus
  Ecuadorian capuchin, Cebus aequatorialis CR
  White-fronted capuchin, Cebus albifrons LC
  Brown weeper capuchin, Cebus brunneus LC
  Colombian white-headed capuchin, Cebus capucinus LC
  Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, Cebus cesarae DD
  Shock-headed capuchin, Cebus cuscinus NT
  Kaapori capuchin, Cebus kaapori CR
  Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin, Cebus leucocephalus NE
  Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin, Cebus malitiosus EN
  Wedge-capped capuchin, Cebus olivaceus LC
  Spix's white-fronted capuchin, Cebus unicolor NE
  Varied white-fronted capuchin, Cebus versicolor EN
  Marañón white-fronted capuchin, Cebus yuracus NE
  Genus: Sapajus
  Tufted capuchin, Sapajus apella LC
  Azaras's capuchin, Sapajus cay LC
  Blond capuchin, Sapajus flavius CR
  Black-striped capuchin, Sapajus libidinosus LC
  Large-headed capuchin, Sapajus macrocephalus LC
  Black capuchin, Sapajus nigritus NT
  Crested capuchin, Sapajus robustus EN
  
caption: Emperor tamarin
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