page_title: Productivity-improving technologies
section_title: Major sources of productivity growth in economic history
hierarchical_section_title: Productivity-improving technologies / Major sources of productivity growth in economic history
caption_attribution_description: English: en:Burlaks on en:Volga. Photo 1900s from en:Rybinsk state historical-architectural art museum and national park photofiles.
context_page_description: The productivity-improving technologies are the technological innovations that have historically increased productivity.
  Productivity is often measured as the ratio of output to input in the production of goods and services. Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services. Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.
caption: 1900s photograph of barge pullers on the Volga River. Pushing was done with poles and manual pulling using overhanging tree branches.[11]  Horses were also used.
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