page_title: France
section_title: References
hierarchical_section_title: France / References
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Eiffelturm Français&#160;: La tour Eiffel
context_page_description: France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various overseas islands and territories located in other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as L’Hexagone because of the shape of its territory. France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its main ideals expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
  Metropolitan France is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain. France's overseas departments and collectivities also share land borders with Brazil and Suriname, and the Netherlands Antilles. France is linked to the United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel, which passes underneath the English Channel.
  France is the largest country in the European Union and the second largest in Europe. It has been one of the world's foremost powers for many centuries.
context_section_description: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do
  "Sondage "Les protestants en France en 2017" (1) : qui sont les protestants ?". Reforme.net (in French). 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
  "Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). Demographic Yearbook. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  "France Métropolitaine". INSEE. 2011. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. 
  "Demography – Population at the beginning of the month – France". Insee. 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  "Demography – Population at the beginning of the month – Metropolitan France". Insee. 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Eurostat. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  For more information, see Category:Overseas departments, collectivities and territories of France.
  Field listing - GDP (official exchange rate), CIA World Factbook
  "Le tourisme international en France en 2007" (PDF). Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency). Retrieved 2008-06-05. (in French)
  "Western Europe". Retrieved 2 August 2010.
  "French Geography". Retrieved 2 August 2010.
  "French Rivers". Retrieved 2 August 2010.
  World Travel Guide. "Climates of France". Retrieved 2 August 2010.
  "Practical Information on France – General". French Tourist Office. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
  "EEZ of France". Retrieved 1 August 2010. (in French)
  The Sun Chronicle. "Origin of Francia". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  Discover France. "Caesar Conquered Gaul". discoverfrance.net. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  wff. "France used this pretext to call themselves this". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  France Balade. "Division of Charlemagne's empire into three parts". Retrieved 3 August 2010. (in French)
  UNCG. "French History - Le Grand Siècle". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  Understand France. "French colonies History". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  Lucidcafé. "Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette's executions". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  Napoleonguide.com. "Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  Intellego. "Regimes of France". Retrieved 3 August 2010. (in French)
  alsintl.com. "French language in Colonies". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  firstworldwar.com. "Battle of the Somme". Retrieved 3 August 2010.
  Ders Des Ders Report - France (in French)
  (in French) INSEE, Government of France. "Code officiel géographique – Présentation". Retrieved 2008-06-27.
  (in French) INSEE, Government of France. "Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)". Retrieved 2008-06-27.
  "France's political system".
  Guy Carcassonne. "Separation of Powers" (PDF). unc.edu. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  "Number of military personnel in France, page 32" (PDF).
  "Number of military personnel in France, page 112" (PDF).
  "Members of the UN". United Nations. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  "Members of the Security council". United Nations. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  "History of the EU". European Union. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  "NATO - Member countries". Nato.int. 2010-07-30. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
  "Opposition of the war in Iraq". BBC website. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  "CIA World Factbook GDP PPP data update of 2008". US Government. 20 November 2008.
  "Euro launched in 12 countries".
  "Number of companies in France".
  "Shareholding policy". Électricité de France. 31 December 2007. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  (in French) CNES. "France" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  "Rocket launch site in Kourou".
  "France, smallest producer of CO2".
  DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie (April 2007). "Électricité en France: les principaux résultats en 2006". Retrieved 2007-05-23.
  "France is the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe".
  "Q&A: Common Agricultural Policy". BBC News. 20 November 2008.
  Kew, Richmond, Surrey. "1833 Factory Act". The National Archives. Retrieved 2010-03-14. 
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caption: Eiffel Tower
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