page_title: Dispersal vector
section_title: Self-generated dispersal
hierarchical_section_title: Dispersal vector / Self-generated dispersal
caption_attribution_description: Čeština: Kapradina. Přírodní památka Kočičí skály poblíž obce Žďár nad Metují v okrese Náchod, Česko English: Natural monument Kočičí skály near Žďár nad Metují in Náchod District, Czech Republic Camera location50°&#160;33′&#160;43.59″&#160;N, 16°&#160;12′&#160;52.33″&#160;E&#160;&#160;&#160;View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth
context_page_description: A dispersal vector is an agent of biological dispersal that moves a dispersal unit, or organism, away from its birth population to another location or population in which the individual will reproduce. These dispersal units can range from pollen to seeds to fungi to entire organisms.
  There are two types of dispersal vector, those that are active and those that are passive. Active dispersal involves organisms that are capable of movement under their own energy. In passive dispersal, the organisms have evolved dispersal units, or propagules, that use the kinetic energy of the environment for movement. In plants, some dispersal units have tissue that assists with dispersal and are called diaspores. Some dispersal is self-driven, such as using gravity, and does not rely on external vectors. Other types of dispersal are due to external vectors, which can be biotic vectors, such as animals, or abiotic vectors, such as the wind or water.
  In many cases, organisms will be dispersed by more than one vector before reaching its final destination.
context_section_description: Autochory is the dispersal of diaspores, which are dispersal units consisting of seeds or spores, using only the energy provided by the diaspore or the parent plant. The plant of origin is the dispersal vector itself, instead of an external vector. There are four main types of autochory that act on diaspores: ballochory, or violent ejection by the parent organism; blastochory, where a diaspore crawls along the ground using stolons; barochory, the use of gravity for dispersal; and herpochory, crawling using hygroscopic hairs called trichomes.
  In some cases, ballochory can be more effective when utilizing a secondary dispersal vector: ejecting the seeds in order for them to use wind or water for longer distance dispersal.
caption: In leptosporangiate ferns, the fern catapults its spores 1-2 cm so they can be picked up by a secondary dispersal vector, predominantly the wind.[4]
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