page_title: Little Fuzhou
section_title: Manhattan enclave
hierarchical_section_title: Little Fuzhou / Manhattan enclave
caption_attribution_description: English: Chatham Square, East Broadway, New York City. A statue of Lin Zexu is erected there. 中文: 纽约市东百老汇街口，广场上为林则徐雕像。 Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄: Niū-iók-chê Dĕ̤ng-báh-lō̤-huôi gă̤ kāu, Lìng Cáik-sṳ̀ diĕu-chiông diŏh guŏng-diòng dăng-dŏng.
context_page_description: Little Fuzhou, or Fuzhou Town, is a neighborhood in the Two Bridges and Lower East Side areas of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. Starting in the 1980s and especially in the 1990s, the neighborhood became a prime destination for immigrants from Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Manhattan's Little Fuzhou is centered on East Broadway. However, since the 2000s, Chinatown in the neighborhood of Sunset Park became New York City's new primary destination for the Fuzhou immigrants, surpassing the original enclave in Manhattan.
context_section_description: It was during the 1980s when an influx of illegal immigrants from Fuzhou, especially Changle, Fuqing, and Lianjiang flooded East Broadway and a Little Fuzhou enclave evolved on the street, it became fully part of Chinatown, also known as the New Chinatown of Manhattan. The Fuzhou immigrants could often speak Mandarin in addition to their native Fuzhounese language (also known as Fuzhou dialect). While all of the other Mandarin speakers were settling in and creating a more Mandarin-speaking Chinatown or Mandarin Town (國語埠) in Flushing's Chinatown and Elmhurst, Queens because they could not relate to the traditional Cantonese dominance in Manhattan's Chinatown including the fact that it has had a long history of not being very welcoming of Chinese speakers that did not speak Cantonese and often easily largely discouraging them from settling into the neighborhood, the Fuzhou immigrants were the only exceptional non-Cantonese Chinese group to largely settle in Manhattan's Chinatown despite the fact that it was dominantly Cantonese speaking and was highly not very welcoming to the Fuzhou speakers coming in large numbers. Although, it would have been more ideal for the Fuzhou immigrants to largely settle into Mandarin-speaking enclaves where they could have easily just communicated in Mandarin and likely face lesser barriers to getting job and housing opportunities with Mandarin-speaking employers and property owners, however due to the fact that the Mandarin-speaking enclaves were too middle class and expensive in addition to the fact the Mandarin-speaking enclaves during the 1980s–90s only had begun to emerge and were limited in Chinese businesses to offer low skilled job positions to new arriving Chinese immigrants and since many Fuzhou immigrants came without immigration paperwork and forced into low paying jobs, they were unable to economically settle into the Mandarin-speaking enclaves to seek low skilled jobs and affordable housing. 
  As a result, they had no choice but to settle into Manhattan's Chinatown to be around other Chinese people to seek affordable housing by Chinese property owners and find low skilled job opportunities offered by Chinese employers, often as seamstresses in factories and taking positions in waiting tables/dishwashing in restaurants in addition to the fact that it was the only large low income working-class Chinese community of New York City in the 1980s–90s that could abundantly offer these opportunities to the new incoming low skilled/lower socioeconomic Chinese immigrants as the other Chinatowns in Queens and Brooklyn were still relatively much smaller in its early developing stages with much more limited Chinese businesses/property owners even though Manhattan's Chinatown was still largely Cantonese dominated until the 1990s and as well being highly discriminatory against any Chinese speakers that were not Cantonese speakers. Although the then Cantonese dominated Chinatown during the 1990s were very discriminatory against the incoming Fuzhou immigrants due to the linguistic/cultural differences in addition many of the Fuzhou immigrants were illegal immigrants with many Cantonese property owners and business owners attempting to discourage the Fuzhou immigrants from occupying job positions and apartment vacancies, many of the Fuzhou immigrants were able to withstand and resist these barriers and slowly created their own Chinatown east of the Bowery separate from the long-time established Cantonese Chinatown from the Bowery to the west.
   
  East Broadway within Manhattan's Chinatown became a central hub for these recently arrived Fujianese immigrants. Since the Fuzhou immigrants spoke Eastern Min and not Cantonese, as well as their cultural differences and economic background, they were not able to integrate well into Manhattan's Chinatown, which was extremely Cantonese-dominated and as a result, they began to settle on East Broadway, which was still not fully Chinese populated and in addition to higher rates of available housing vacancies, which was another reason why they settled there. Event
caption: Chatham Square and Lin Zexu Statue
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