page_title: Hyperglycemia
section_title: Treatment
hierarchical_section_title: Hyperglycemia / Treatment
caption_attribution_description: English: Choosing more whole wheat options
context_page_description: Hyperglycemia is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. This is generally a blood sugar level higher than 11.1 mmol/l, but symptoms may not start to become noticeable until even higher values such as 13.9–16.7 mmol/l. A subject with a consistent range between ~5.6 and ~7 mmol/l is considered slightly hyperglycemic, and above 7 mmol/l is generally held to have diabetes. For diabetics, glucose levels that are considered to be too hyperglycemic can vary from person to person, mainly due to the person's renal threshold of glucose and overall glucose tolerance. On average, however, chronic levels above 10–12 mmol/L can produce noticeable organ damage over time.
context_section_description: Treatment of hyperglycemia requires elimination of the underlying cause, such as diabetes. Acute hyperglycemia can be treated by direct administration of insulin in most cases. Severe hyperglycemia can be treated with oral hypoglycemic therapy and lifestyle modification.
  In diabetes mellitus (by far the most common cause of chronic hyperglycemia), treatment aims at maintaining blood glucose at a level as close to normal as possible, in order to avoid serious long-term complications.  This is done by a combination of proper diet, regular exercise, and insulin or other medication such as metformin, etc.
  Those with hyperglycaemia can be treated using sulphonylureas or metformin or both. These drugs help by improving glycaemic control. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alone or in combination with basal insulin can be used as a treatment for hyperglycemia with patients still in hospital. 
  Increasing aerobic exercise to at least 30 minutes will make better use of glucose accumulated in the body since glucose is being used for energy by the muscle.
  Calorie restriction would be one of the main lifestyle changes because it reduces over eating which contributes to hyperglycemia.
  Diets higher in healthy saturated fats and whole wheat carbohydrates such as the Mediterranean diet can help reduce carbohydrate intake to better control hyperglycemia.  Diets such as intermittent fasting and ketogenic diet help reduce calorie consumption which could significantly reduce hyperglycemia.
  Carbohydrates are the main cause for hyperglycemia, whole wheat items should be substituted for non whole wheat items. Fruits are a part of a complete nutritious diet, but should be limited due to its high sugar content.
caption: Replacing white bread with whole wheat may help reduce hyperglycemia
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