page_title: Turvo State Park
section_title: Environment
hierarchical_section_title: Turvo State Park / Environment
caption_attribution_description: Português: Vista da vegetação do Parque Estadual do Turvo.
context_page_description: The Turvo State Park is a state park in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
  It protects the last large area of well-preserved Upper Uruguay forest in the state, which is home to several rare or endangered species.
  The park is best known for the dramatic Yucumã Falls on the Uruguay River, the second-widest in the world by some measures.
  The falls may be threatened by flooding from the planned Garabí-Panambi Hydroelectric Complex if a 2015 court ruling is overturned.
context_section_description: The park is in the Basaltic Laval Plateau of the Paraná River Basin.
  Altitudes are from 100 to 400 metres (330 to 1,310 ft) above sea level.
  The terrain has steep slopes that drain into valleys that open to the north and west.
  The soil is clayey, dark red, shallow, fast-draining and very susceptible to erosion.
  The Köppen climate classification is "Cfa": subtropical temperate humid, with frequent fogs, average annual rainfall up to 1,900 millimetres (75 in) and average daily temperatures from 6.6 to 37.4 °C (43.9 to 99.3 °F).
  The Turvo State Park has the last large area of Upper Uruguay forest in the state, with over 700 plant species.
  The original forest is elsewhere largely replaced with soy and wheat monocultures.
  The forest typically has an upper statrum of mainly deciduous trees that lose their leaves in winter.
  The canopy has an average height of 20 metres (66 ft) and emergent individuals of 30 metres (98 ft).
  Below this is a stratum of dense perennial trees from 10 to 20 metres (33 to 66 ft) tall that retain their leaves in winter.
  Below this are saplings, shrubs and grasses.
  Important tree species include Sorocea bonplandii (cincho), Ocotea diospyrifolia (canela), Cabralea canjerana (canjerana), Tetrochidium rubrevinium (embirão) and Apuléia leiocarpa (grápia).
  Other trees include guatambu (Aspidosperma parviflorum) and canafístula (Cassia fistula).
  There are also rocky outcrops covered by lichens, mosses and herbs such as petunia and verbena. 
  The rocky formations on the banks of the Uruguay River are adapted to periods of flooding followed by dry, sunny periods.
  The endemic bromeliad Dickia brevifolia is found in a few places on the river banks and is at risk of extinction.
  There are almost 290 species of birds and more than 30 species of medium and large mammals.
  Many of the species are rare, and some are regionally or globally threatened.
  Fauna include cougar (Puma concolor), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), deer, ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla), tayra (Eira barbara), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), howler monkey and otter.
  There is a variety of amphibians and reptiles and many types of insect.
  Studies of amphibians along the Garcia and Yucumã trails in 2003–05 found species that are often associated with crops, indicating influence by the nearby farmland.
caption: Interior of the park
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