page_title: Pan flute
section_title: Structure
hierarchical_section_title: Pan flute / Structure
caption_attribution_description: Two Romanian Panflutes; Behind: "Herkenhoff-Panfloete", Range G1-G4, also called "Soprano-Panflute"; At the front: "Ulitza"-Panfloete, Range C1-C4, also called "Alto-Panflute" or "Tenor-Panflute" (Both built by Ulrich Herkenhoff)
context_page_description: Pan Flute is a musical instrument based on the principle of the closed tube, consisting of multiple pipes of gradually increasing length. Multiple varieties of pan flutes have been popular as folk instruments. The pipes are typically made from bamboo, giant cane, or local reeds. Other materials include wood, plastic, metal and ivory.
context_section_description: The pan flute's tubes are stopped at one end, at which the standing wave is reflected giving a note an octave lower than that produced by an open pipe of equal length. In the traditional South American style, pipes are fine-tuned to correct pitch by placing small pebbles or dry corn kernels into the bottom of the pipes. Contemporary makers of curved Romanian-style panpipes use wax (commonly beeswax) to tune new instruments. Special tools are used to place or remove the wax. Corks and rubber stoppers are also used, and are easier to quickly tune pipes.
caption: Two Romanian pan flutes
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