page_title: Tsardom of Russia
section_title: Conquest of Siberia
hierarchical_section_title: Tsardom of Russia / Conquest of Siberia
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Василий Иванович Суриков, "Покорение Сибири Ермаком". Холст, масло, размер — 599*285 см. English: Vasiliy Surikov, "Yermak's conquest of Siberia". Canvas, oil. 5.99*2.85 m large. Esperanto: Vasilij Ivanoviĉ Surikov. «La konkerto de Siberio per Jermak Timofejeviĉ». Kanvaso, oilo, formato — 599*285 cm. Français&#160;: La conquête de la Sibérie par Yermak, par Vassili Sourikov (1895), Musée Russe (Saint-Pétersbourg) – Huile sur toile (599 × 285 cm) Italiano: Vasilij Ivanovič Surikov, "La conquista della Siberia da Jermák". Pittura su tela, ad olio, larga 599*285 cm.
context_page_description: The Tsardom of Russia, also called the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.
  From 1551 to 1700, Russia grew by 35,000 km² per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, many wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden and the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian conquest of Siberia, leading up to the ground-changing reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the Tsardom into a major European power. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
context_section_description: Russia's eastward expansion encountered little resistance. In 1581, the Stroganov merchant family, interested in the fur trade, hired a Cossack leader, Yermak Timofeyevich, to lead an expedition into western Siberia. Yermak defeated the Khanate of Sibir and claimed the territories west of the Ob and Irtysh Rivers for Russia.
  From such bases as Mangazeya, merchants, traders, and explorers pushed eastward from the Ob River to the Yenisei River, then on to the Lena River and the coast of the Pacific Ocean. In 1648, Cossack Semyon Dezhnyov opened the passage between America and Asia. By the middle of the 17th century, Russians had reached the Amur River and the outskirts of the Chinese Empire.
  After a period of conflict with the Qing dynasty, Russia made peace with China in 1689. By the Treaty of Nerchinsk, Russia ceded its claims to the Amur Valley, but it gained access to the region east of Lake Baikal and the trade route to Beijing. Peace with China strengthened the initial breakthrough to the Pacific that had been made in the middle of the century.
caption: Vasily Surikov: Yermak's Conquest of Siberia (1895)
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