page_title: Jane Haining
section_title: German invasion of Hungary
hierarchical_section_title: Jane Haining / Career / German invasion of Hungary
caption_attribution_description: Map of the Holocaust in Europe during World War II, 1939–1945. This map shows all extermination camps (or death camps), most major concentration camps, labor camps, prison camps, ghettos, major deportation routes and major massacre sites. Please note that a version with 1942 borders is available here: Image:WW2-Holocaust-Europe.png. Notes: 1. Extermination camps were dedicated death camps. 2. Concentration camps include labor camps, prison camps &amp; transit camps. 3. Not all camps &amp; ghettos are shown. 4. Borders are present borders (2007). Übersetzung der "Notes" bis hierher: 1. Extermination camps = Vernichtungslager als Fachbegriff für ganz bestimmte Konzentrationslager. 2. Concentration camps umfassen hier auch Arbeitslager, Gefängnislager und Transitlager. 3. Nicht alle Konzentrationslager werden gezeigt. 4. Die Namen der Konzentrationslager und die Pfeile für die Deportation sind in Karten des modernen Nachkriegseuropas eingetragen.
context_page_description: Jane Mathison Haining was a Scottish missionary for the Church of Scotland in Budapest, Hungary, who was recognized in 1997 by Yad Vashem in Israel as Righteous Among the Nations for having risked her life to help Jews during the Holocaust.
  Haining worked in Budapest from June 1932 as matron of a boarding house for Jewish and Christian girls in a school run by the Scottish Mission to the Jews. In or around 1940, after the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the Church of Scotland advised Haining to return to Britain, but she decided to stay in Hungary. When Germany invaded Hungary in March 1944, the SS began arranging the deportation of the country's Jews to Auschwitz II-Birkenau, the German extermination camp in occupied Poland. Arrested by the Gestapo in April 1944 on a variety of charges, apparently after a dispute with the school's cook, Haining was herself deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau in May. She died there three months later, probably as a result of starvation and the camp's catastrophic living conditions.
  Little is known about Haining's work in Budapest or death in Auschwitz.
context_section_description: On 19 March 1944, the German Wehrmacht invaded Hungary, and the SS immediately began arranging for the country's Jews to be deported to Auschwitz. SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann and his Sondereinsatzkommando Ungarn ("special intervention unit Hungary") arrived in Budapest to take charge of the deportations. On 31 March a range of anti-Jewish restrictions were introduced, in force as of 5 April: Jews were forbidden from owning cars and radios, using telephones, moving home, wearing school uniform, or using public baths, swimming pools, public restaurants, cafes, bars or catering services. They had to declare any property except for a small amount of household items. Jewish lawyers, civil servants, and journalists were sacked, non-Jews were not allowed to work in Jewish households, books by Jews could not be published, and those already in existence could not be borrowed from libraries.
  Jews over the age of six were required to wear a 10 x 10 cm yellow badge in the shape of the Star of David on the left chest of their outer clothing. Following the decree, Jews would be arrested for petty issues, such as wearing a star of the wrong size. In mid-April 1944 the SS began herding them into holding areas, including ghettos and brick factories, where they were held for weeks with little to eat.
caption: Concentration camps and ghettos in occupied Europe (2007 borders); Auschwitz is circled in red.
exif: {}