page_title: Derreen Garden
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Derreen Garden / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Láithreach (Lauragh): Derreen Garden Two self-seeded individual tree ferns, Dicksonia antarctica, in the north east corner of Derreen Garden.
context_page_description: Derreen Garden lies on a promontory in Kilmakilloge Harbour on the Beara Peninsula, in Tuosist parish, near Kenmare in County Kerry. Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne initiated the planting of the garden in 1863, but it was his son, Henry Charles Keith Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, who from 1870 onwards gave the garden its present shape. Today it covers more than 60 acres and includes nearly 12 km of paths.
context_section_description: The land around Derreen garden was the seat of the Mac Finin Dubh O'Sullivan family, a branch of the O'Sullivan Beare, from around 1320. After the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–1653) the property was confiscated and was granted in 1657 to Sir William Petty, physician of Oliver Cromwell, as reward for his services. The Mac Finin Dubh O'Sullivans became a large tenant of Petty. The estate came into the ownership of the Fitzmaurice family, when in 1692 Petty's daughter Anne married Thomas Fitzmaurice, 1st Earl of Kerry, whose grandson William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, became Prime Minister of Great Britain and in 1784 was created Marquess of Lansdowne.
  After the last male member of the Mac Finin Dubh O'Sullivans had died in 1809, the tenancy of the estate passed to Peter McSwiney, who was married to a niece of that family. In 1856 McSwiney was evicted from Derreen by William Steuart Trench (1808–1872), the land agent of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne (1780–1863), for being some years in arreas of rent. From 1857 onwards the house and its grounds were leased to different gentlemen. The last tenant was James Anthony Froude (1818–1894), an English historian, novelist, biographer, and editor of Fraser's Magazine, who leased Derreen between 1868 and 1871. In 1864, shortly after succeeding his father, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne (1816–1866) spent some days at Derreen with his wife. Being taken by the beauty of the property, he decided to live there for part of the year. However, this never came to fruition, as in 1866 he suddenly died of a stroke at his London club.
  When the 5th Marquess of Lansdowne inherited the property in 1866, he was, like his father, drawn to the remoteness of the place. In 1870 he personally supervised alterations to Derren House, and from 1871 onwards the new Marquess and his young wife, Lady Maud Evelyn Hamilton (1850–1932), began to use Derreen as their summer residence.
  In the same year Lansdowne embarked on an ambitious plan to transform the bare rock and scrub oak around the house into a luxuriant woodland garden. It is said that he employed 40 people to create the garden. 400 acres of land were planted to shelter a collection of shrubs and specimen trees. Many of them brought back from the Marquess's sojourns as Governor General of Canada and Viceroy of India. In addition he subscribed to the Himalayan plant-hunting expeditions and bought exotic plants from the well known nursery firm of Veitch. In 1903 King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra visited Derreen House and Garden and planted two commemorative bamboos.
  With the exception of the years between 1883 and 1894, when he was successively Governor General of Canada and Viceroy of India, and those of the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) and the Irish Civil War (1922–1923), the 5th Marquess of Lansdowne continued to visit Derreen for three months of each year until his death in 1927, which occurred while he was travelling to Derreen.
  During the Second World War, Derreen was separated from the Lansdowne title by the death of Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice, 7th Marquess of Lansdowne, who was killed in action in 1944, when his entailed estates were inherited by a kinsman. Derreen, not being entailed, was inherited by his sister, Katherine Evelyn Constance Petty-Fitzmaurice (1912–1995), and is now owned and managed by her grandson, Charlie Bigham.
caption: Two tree ferns (Dicksonia antarctica)
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