page_title: Timeline of the history of Gibraltar
section_title: Treaty of Utrecht
hierarchical_section_title: Timeline of the history of Gibraltar / British rule / Treaty of Utrecht
caption_attribution_description: Italiano: Questo dipinto (olio su tela, cm 170 x 118) di Paolo de Matteis è un frammento di una più vasta composizione, oggi distrutta e nota da un bozzetto autografo e da una copia di bottega, dipinta da De Matteis per celebrare le due paci di Utrecht (1713) e di Rastadt (1714), con le quali si concluse la guerra di successione spagnola con l'assegnazione del Regno di Napoli all'Austria. L'opera mostra l'autoritratto del pittore al centro della composizione allegorica raffigurato nell'atto di ultimare un dipinto con le personificazioni dell'Austria e della Spagna. Il dipinto si trova a Napoli nel Museo di Capodimonte, nella Galleria Napoletana (inv. OA 8317). English: Shortly after the War of Austrian Succession (1701-1714) Paolo de Matteis worked for Naples new Austrian rulers. This painting is just a Bozzetto of a larger work, that has not survived. It shows a self-portrait of de Matteis with an allegory of the Peace of Utrecht. Only a small fragment of this work survived an is now located in the Museo di Capodimonte. [1]
context_page_description: The history of Gibraltar portrays how The Rock gained an importance and a reputation far exceeding its size, influencing and shaping the people who came to reside here over the centuries.
context_section_description: 11 April 1713 – The territory was subsequently ceded to the Crown of Great Britain in perpetuity by Spain under article X of the Treaties of Utrecht. Despite some military attempts by the Spanish to retake it in the 18th century, most notably in the Great Siege of 1779–1783, the Rock has remained under British control ever since.
  In that treaty, Spain ceded Great Britain "the full and entire propriety of the town and castle of Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications, and forts thereunto belonging ... for ever, without any exception or impediment whatsoever."
  The Treaty stipulated that no overland trade between Gibraltar and Spain was to take place, except for emergency provisions in the case that Gibraltar is unable to be supplied by sea. Another condition of the cession was that "no leave shall be given under any pretence whatsoever, either to Jews or Moors, to reside or have their dwellings in the said town of Gibraltar." This was not respected for long and Gibraltar has had for many years an established Jewish community, along with Muslims from North Africa.
  Finally, under the Treaty, should the British crown wish to dispose of Gibraltar, that of Spain should be offered the territory first.
caption: Allegory of the Peace of 1714
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