page_title: History of Lahore
section_title: British Raj
hierarchical_section_title: History of Lahore / British Raj
caption_attribution_description: Identifier: handbooktravelle00john Title: A handbook for travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon . Year: 1911 (1910s) Authors: John Murray (Firm) Subjects: India -- Guidebooks Burma -- Guidebooks Sri Lanka -- Guidebooks Publisher: London&#160;: J. Murray Calcutta&#160;: Thacker, Spink, &amp; Co. Contributing Library: University of California Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: MSN View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: a District, passes throughvery pretty country toNurpur and Shah-pur, and then ascends considerablyto the lower station, 4560 ft., wherethe small Goorkha cantonment ofBhagsu is situated. The higher stationlies 3000 to 4000 ft. above this, inthe midst of fine forest trees and over-shadowed by the great rock wall of theDaola Dhar, which rises to 16,000 ft.In the centre of it is the church, andin the churchyard is the tomb of EarlElgin, Viceroy, 1S62-63, who diedhere, at the end of a tour in Kulu. Thestation and Kangra, 15 m. S., sufferedterribly in the earthquake of 1903.Kangra, formerly known as NagarKot (2500 ft.), is picturesquelysituatedon a bold rocky promontory betweentwo rivers&#160;; the old temples in it wereruined by the earthquake. It wascaptured, and an enormous spoil wastaken, by Mahmud of Ghazni in1008 A.D. Some 21 m. S.E. ofDharmsalah is the pretty little settle-ment of Palampur, the centre of theKangra tea plantations of 10,000 acres. LAHORE AND ENVIRONS Coaliaiicd on Imet Map Text Appearing After Image: Loodaii. Jolui MiirPAy; .Albenutrlp 5tT«&lt; ROUTE 15. LAHORE 229 9 m. E. again are the interestingtemples of Baijnath—see i. 300, ofFergussons Indian Architecture —and from here a road, dividing at thenext stage, Jatingri, leads to Sultanpurin Kullu, 80 m. from Dharmsalah(p. 219), by either the Dulchi(7000 ft.) or Babbu pass (10,000 ft.),with a D.B. at each stage: theformer joins the road from Simla atBajaora. The shooting round Kuluis excellent—full details will be foundin Colonel Tyackes little Sports7nansManual in Kulu, I.ahaul, and Spiti,21 m. S.E. of Kangra is the famoustemple of Joalla Mukhi picturesquelybuilt up against a rocky cliff, froma cleft in which an inflammablegas issues. This was once one of themost popular Hindu shrines in allN. India, and the autumn fair is stillsometimes attended by 50,000 people. 346 m. Lahore Cantonment E.,formerly Meean Meer, station. 349 m. LAHORE junction station *(R. good). Lines run N.W. toRawal Pindi and Peshawar, and S.W.through Si Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
context_page_description: The recorded history of Lahore, the second largest city-district of Pakistan, covers thousands of years. Originally the capital and largest city of the Punjab region, it has since its creation changed hands from Jain, Hindu, Buddhist, Greek, Muslim, Mughal, Afghan, Sikh and the British, thereby becoming the cultural capital and the heart of modern-day Pakistan.
context_section_description: Maharajah Ranjit Singh made Lahore his capital and was able to expand the kingdom to the Khyber Pass and also included Jammu and Kashmir, while keeping the British from expanding across the River Sutlej for more than 40 years. After his death in 1839 the internecine fighting between the Sikhs and several rapid forfeitures of territory by his sons, along with the intrigues of the Dogras and two Anglo-Sikh wars, eventually led to British control of the Lahore Darbar ten years later. Capitalizing on the disarray surrounding the succession struggles after Ranjit Singh's death and only partially diminished by a war fought against the Sikhs on their eastern frontier, the British rode into Lahore in February 1846 and garrisoned their troops in the citadel. Two unstable years later, they were drawn into a second war with the Sikhs at the southern city of Multan when that city's governor, Mul Raj, encouraged his troops to rebel. After a series of closely fought battles, the Sikh army was finally defeated in the Battle of Gujrat, sixty miles north of Lahore. In March 1848, following the British victory, Dalip Singh, Ranjit Singh's teenage son and heir to the throne, was formally deposed in Lahore. The remaining Sikh regiments in the city were abruptly decommissioned and camped outside the city demanding severance pay. Within a year, the Punjab was formally annexed to the British Empire and military sappers had begun leveling Lahore's city wall.
  For the British, Punjab was a frontier province, because Lahore had boundaries with Afghanistan. Therefore, the Punjabis, unlike the Bengalis and the Sindhis, were not allowed to use their mother tongue as an official language. The British first introduced Urdu as an official language in Punjab, including Lahore, allegedly due to a fear of Punjabi nationalism. During  the rule of British colonial government, the Punjabi Muslims started reclaiming and rebuilding of the Muslim monuments occupied, damaged and destroyed by the Sikhs during their heavy handed rule in the Punjab region.
  Under British rule (1849–1947), colonial architecture in Lahore combined Mughal, Gothic and Victorian styles. The General Post Office (GPO) and YMCA buildings in Lahore commemorated the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria, an event marked by the construction of clock towers and monuments all over India. Other important British  buildings included the High Court, the Government College University, the museums, the National College of Arts, Montgomery Hall, Tollinton Market, the University of the Punjab (Old Campus) and the Provincial Assembly.
  Under British rule, Sir Ganga Ram (sometimes referred to as the father of modern Lahore) designed and built the General Post Office, Lahore Museum, Aitchison College, Mayo School of Arts (now the NCA), Ganga Ram Hospital, Lady Mclagan Girls High School, the chemistry department of the Government College University, the Albert Victor wing of Mayo Hospital, Sir Ganga Ram High School (now Lahore College for Women) the Hailey College of Commerce, Ravi Road House for the Disabled, the Ganga Ram Trust Building on Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, and the Lady Maynard Industrial School. He also constructed Model Town, a suburb that has recently developed into a cultural center for Lahore's growing socioeconomic elite.
  The city has built a new campus in quieter environments on the Canal Bank, but the old university buildings are still functioning. For the sake of entertainment, the British introduced horse-racing to Lahore. The first racing club, established in 1924, is called LRC or Lahore Race Club.
caption: Map of Lahore and Environ in 1911
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