page_title: Ka (cuneiform)
hierarchical_section_title: Ka (cuneiform)
caption_attribution_description: ArtistUnknownDescription Ayyab Letters-EA364 (Front) showing: "7 and 7 times" formula(line 5) Terra Cotta Line 1--a-na, LUGAL-EN-ia Line 2--um-ma, A-iYA-aB-(Ayyab) Line 3--ARAD-ka, (Servant-yours), a-na-ku, ARAD-(I, (I am)- Servant, (doubling, for forcefulness), (then-(l.4), "at feet")) Line 4--GÌR-MEŠ , (Foot-(s)-Plural (feet)), EN-ia Line 5--7-šu-7, (7 and 7...times...) Line 7--LUGAL, (king) Line 11--LUGAL, (king) Line 12--a-na ia--ši, ("to me"=(iaši(Akkadian)), (ia--ši)) (from l.13,hand Tahmassi)) Line 13--qa-ti, (Hand...(of) A-tah-ma-ia (Tahmassi)) Current location Louvre Museum &#160;&#160;&#160; (Inventory)Native nameMusée du LouvreLocationParisCoordinates48°&#160;51′&#160;37″&#160;N, 2°&#160;20′&#160;15″&#160;E Established1793Web pagewww.louvre.frAuthority control : Q19675 VIAF: 257711507 ISNI: 0000 0001 2260 177X ULAN: 500125189 LCCN: n80020283 NLA: 35912436 WorldCat Sully, Rez-de-chaussée, Levant, Salle D, Vitrine 4&#160;: L'âge du bronze récent 1550 - 1150 avant J.-C.Accession numberAO 7094 . Also known as EA 364Credit lineAcquired in 1918Referenceslouvre.frSource/PhotographerRama Ayyab Letters-EA364 (Front) showing: "7 and 7 times" formula(line 5) Terra Cotta Line 1--a-na, LUGAL-EN-ia Line 2--um-ma, A-iYA-aB-(Ayyab) Line 3--ARAD-ka, (Servant-yours), a-na-ku, ARAD-(I, (I am)- Servant, (doubling, for forcefulness), (then-(l.4), "at feet")) Line 4--GÌR-MEŠ , (Foot-(s)-Plural (feet)), EN-ia Line 5--7-šu-7, (7 and 7...times...) Line 7--LUGAL, (king) Line 11--LUGAL, (king) Line 12--a-na ia--ši, ("to me"=(iaši(Akkadian)), (ia--ši)) (from l.13,hand Tahmassi)) Line 13--qa-ti, (Hand...(of) A-tah-ma-ia (Tahmassi))
context_page_description: The cuneiform ka sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for ka, and an alphabetic sign used for k, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. Cuneiform "ka" is nearly identical to a similar 'mid-size' to larger cuneiform sign, ša (cuneiform); because both ka, and ša have two separate specific uses, once these usage sites are identified on a specific Amarna letter, for example, the difference between the two can be followed.
  Cuneiform ka has a secondary use as the pronoun suffix, -yours. For Ayyab's letter, EA 364, after addressing the Pharaoh, part of the Introduction, is to state "...Servant-yours, ...." Specifically, Ayyab is from one of the vassal states/city-states/towns in Canaan, thus the relationship to the Pharaoh in the Amarna letters often state a relationship of being the Pharaoh's servant. This is dramatically juxtaposed against the Amarna letters from Tushratta of Mitanni, or from Babylon, or the King of Alashiya. The letter's from those kings have long lists, as part of the Introduction stating: May you have peace, ... for, wives-yours, for sons-yours, for magnates-yours-, etc.
context_section_description: The cuneiform ka sign is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for ka, and an alphabetic sign used for k, or a; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters. Cuneiform "ka" is nearly identical to a similar 'mid-size' to larger cuneiform sign, ša (cuneiform); because both ka, and ša have two separate specific uses, once these usage sites are identified on a specific Amarna letter, for example, the difference between the two can be followed.
  Cuneiform ka has a secondary use as the pronoun suffix, -yours. For Ayyab's letter, EA 364 (pictured), after addressing the Pharaoh, part of the Introduction, is to state "...Servant-yours, ...." Specifically, Ayyab is from one of the vassal states/city-states/towns in Canaan, thus the relationship to the Pharaoh in the Amarna letters often state a relationship of being the Pharaoh's servant. This is dramatically juxtaposed against the Amarna letters from Tushratta of Mitanni, (letters EA 19, EA 23, EA 26, EA 28, EA 30-(only a passport-type, short letter), etc.), or from Babylon, or the King of Alashiya. The letter's from those kings have long lists, as part of the Introduction stating: May you (King, pharaoh) have peace (health), ... for, wives-yours, for sons-yours, for magnates-yours-("sa-meš"), etc.
  For cuneiform ša, its specific sub-usage (besides as a syllabic, or alphabetic), is as a segue form of a conjunction typically at the beginning of a statement, translated as: "which...", "what...", etc., with the rest of text to follow.
caption: Amarna letter EA 364-(Obverse), Ayyab to Pharaoh, "Justified War";[1] line 3 (2nd sign for ka): "Servant-yours, at...", "ARAD-ka, a-na...."[2] 
  (Note: the 2 horizontals at the right side of "ka", are barely visible, compared to the 2 well-scribed verticals) 
  (high resolution exandable photo)
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