page_title: Johann Rode von Wale
section_title: Reign and archiepiscopate
hierarchical_section_title: Johann Rode von Wale / Reign and archiepiscopate
caption_attribution_description: Čeština: Rekonstrukce katedrály v Bremenu v Německu
context_page_description: Johann Rode von Wale was a Catholic cleric, a Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, a chronicler, a long-serving government official and as John III Prince-archbishop of Bremen between 1497 and 1511.
context_section_description: After Henry's death in 1496 the enfranchised capitulars wanted a successor rich and thus independent enough and void of any princely aspirations. The majority of the canons of the cathedral chapters of Bremen and Hamburg (with only three votes) elected Rode archbishop on 30 January 1497, beating his election rivals John of Saxe-Lauenburg, brother of Magnus, and Otto of Oldenburg (a canon in Bremen and son of Gerhard VI). Family and friends among the capitulars helped Rode to gain the majority. On 28 April Pope Alexander VI confirmed Rode. This was accompanied by the papal invoice, the so-called servitia minuta and servitium commune, the latter making up a third of the annual revenues of a see.
  On 1 May 1497 Rode issued his election capitulation (Wahlkapitulation), a document indicating much of the gravamina against Henry, to be prevented during Rode's reign. The capitulation stipulated the participation of the cathedral chapter in government affairs, guaranteed the capitular privileges, and forbade the future alienation of prince-archiepiscopal estates. Furthermore, the prince-archbishop was not to allow knights of ministerialis or nobility to build new fortified castles or manors of their own, but even to destroy unauthorisedly erected "new fortresses or fortified residences" (Low Saxon: nige veste offt waninge). The capitulation had been formulated by the cathedral chapter during sede vacante, thus Rode was one of its co-authors. Accepting and issuing the capitulation was an obligatory self-commitment of the incumbent of Bremen's see since the investiture of Prince-Archbishop Gilbert of Bronckhorst in 1274. The election capitulation formed part of the constitution of the prince-archbishopric, restraining the power of the ruler, organising the cooperation of the estates of the prince-archbishopric (Stiftsstände) and the ruling archbishop.
  Rode's election capitulation committed him not to alienate further prince-archiepiscopal estates, to regain alienated and pawned estates, and privileges, to staff offices, such as the executive official of the prince-archbishopric, the landdrost, or the bailiffs (Vogt/Vögte, sg./pl.) on the castles with indigenous persons, who were not bound to foreign interests. Waging war would be only allowed to the prince-archbishop after consulting with the cathedral chapter and the estates of the prince-archbishopric.
  The city of Bremen even demanded more, in a 1499 treaty between the city and the cathedral chapter the parties stipulated that the chapter must not introduce any future new archbishop, who did not commit himself by oath and a written deed (such as an election capitulation) not to pawn castles, not to wage war, and not to reduce anybody's privileges unless consented with chapter and city council. Rode's election rivals John and Otto were both sons of dynasties ruling neighbouring monarchies (Saxe-Lauenburgian exclave of Hadeln, Oldenburg), and had thus the smell of representing princely expansionism, entailing the weakening and belittlement of the prince-archbishopric.
  On 6 June 1497 Rode received the pallium through the prince-bishops of Hildesheim and Verden, Bertold of Landsberg, and Minden, Henry of Schauenburg. On 14 September Emperor Maximilian I invested Rode, the confirmed and consecrated archbishop, with the princely regalia, which made him the secular ruler of the prince-archbishopric, holding a vote in the imperial diet and that of the Lower Saxon Circle. Representatives of the subjects then rendered Rode homage and he was sworn in as ruler. Since Rode's predecessor Henry II never pursued his papal confirmation as archbishop, he was never invested princely regalia with the prince-archbishopric thus being banned from exercising its privilege of a vote in the imperial diet.
  Right at the start, when levying from the prince-archiepiscopal subjects the homage tax (German: Willkommen/Willkommschatzung) and from all the clergy within his archdiocese the donum charitativum (also called subsidium caritativum) in order to recover the papal fees, Rode had to realise that a prince-arc
caption: Bremen cathedral: The northern nave, commissioned by Rode, and the northern transept as seen from Domshof square.
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