page_title: Cardinals created by Pius X
section_title: 27 November 1911
hierarchical_section_title: Cardinals created by Pius X / 27 November 1911
caption_attribution_description: English: François-Virgile Dubillard (1845-1914)
context_page_description: Pope Pius X created 50 cardinals in seven consistories. Twenty of them were Italians.
  One of the cardinals he appointed became Pope Benedict XV.
context_section_description: Beginning in 1907, consistories for the creation of cardinals were announced and postponed. On 27 November 1911 Pius created eighteen new cardinals plus an additional one created in pectore or unnamed. Five were Italians, four French, and three American. Speculation about the one not identified centered on the Patriarch of Lisbon, António Mendes Belo, since the Portuguese Republic established in 1910 had adopted severely anticlerical policies and exiled Mendes Belo from Lisbon for violating its law on the separation of church and state. American representation in the College grew from one to four following the reclassification of the United States as no longer a missionary country. This included as an American Diomede Falconio, an Italian-born U.S. citizen who had spent most of his career in the United States and Canada. Van Rossum was the first cardinal from the Netherlands in four hundred years.
  Thirteen of the eighteen new cardinals attended the public consistory, where Pius praised the public demonstrations that greeted his appointments in the United States and again addressed the "weight of persecution" in France.
  António Mendes Belo (1842–1929), created cardinal in pectore, announced 25 May 1914
  José Cos y Macho (1838–1919)
  Diomede Falconio (1842–1917)
  Antonio Vico (1847–1929)
  Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte (1851–1948)
  John Murphy Farley (1842–1918)
  Francis Bourne (1861–1935)
  Franziskus von Sales Bauer (1841–1915)
  Léon-Adolphe Amette (1850–1920)
  William Henry O'Connell (1859–1944)
  Enrique Almaraz y Santos (1847–1922)
  François-Virgile Dubillard (1845–1914)
  Franz Xaver Nagl (1855–1913)
  François de Rovérié de Cabrières (1830–1921)
  Gaetano Bisleti (1856–1932)
  Giovanni Lugari (1846–1914)
  Basilio Pompili (1858–1931)
  Louis Billot (1846–1931), resigned from the College in 1927
  Willem Marinus van Rossum (1854–1932)
caption: François-Virgile Dubillard (1845–1914), made a cardinal on 27 November 1911.
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