page_title: Iceberg
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Iceberg / Monitoring / History
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Der Eisberg, mit dem die Titanic mutmaßlich kollidierte. Das Foto wurde vom Chefstewart der Prinz Adalbert am frühen Morgen des 15. April 1912 aufgenommen, wenige Kilometer südlich der Stelle, an der die Titanic sank. Er wusste zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nichts vom Untergang der Titanic, Er entdeckte jedoch eine Spur von roter Farbe, ähnlich dem Anstrich der Titanic, nahe der Wasserlinie und schloss daraus auf eine nicht lange zurückliegende Kollision mit einem Schiff. English: The iceberg suspected of having sunk the RMS Titanic. This iceberg was photographed by the chief steward of the liner Prinz Adalbert on the morning of April 15, 1912, just a few miles south of where the “Titanic” went down. The steward hadn't yet heard about the Titanic. What caught his attention was the smear of red paint along the base of the berg, indication that it had collided with a ship sometime in the previous twelve hours. This photo and information was taken from "UNSINKABLE" The Full Story of RMS Titanic written by Daniel Allen Butler, Stackpole Books 1998. Other accounts indicated that there were several icebergs in the vicinity where the TITANIC collided. Esperanto: Oni supozas, ke ĝuste tiu ĉi glacimonto kaŭzis tragedion de Titanic. Ĉe piedo de la glacimonto estis granda makulo de ruĝa koloro. La foto estis farita la 15-an de aprilo 1912 proksime de la loko de la drono de Titanic. Español: Uno de los icebergs al que se atribuye como causante de la tragedia del Titanic, fotografiado desde el barco SS Prinz Adalbert poco después del hundimiento. Русский: Айсберг, с которым, как считается, столкнулся «Титаник». Этот айсберг был сфотографирован главным управляющим лайнера «Prinze Adalbert» утром 15 апреля 1912 г. в нескольких милях южнее места, где пошел ко дну «Титаник». Управляющий тогда еще не слышал о том, что случилось с «Титаником». Что обратило его внимание на этот айсберг – это длинный след красной краски вдоль основания ледяной горы, что означало, что она претерпела столкновение с кораблем в прошедшие 12 часов. Эта фотография и информация взяты из книги «„НЕПОТОПЛЯЕМЫЙ” Полная история Титаника», написанной Дэниэлем Алленом Батлером. Другие источники указывают на то, что в районе столкновения «Титаника» было несколько айсбергов
context_page_description: An iceberg is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water. Small bits of disintegrating icebergs are called "growlers" or "bergy bits".
  Much of an iceberg is below the surface which led to the expression "tip of the iceberg" to illustrate a small part of a larger unseen issue. Icebergs are considered a serious maritime hazard. The 1912 loss of the RMS Titanic led to the formation of the International Ice Patrol in 1914.
  Icebergs calved by glaciers that face the open sea, such as in Greenland, are irregular shaped piles. In Antarctica, ice shelves calve large tabular icebergs. The biggest iceberg ever recorded was Iceberg B-15A which split off the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 2000.
context_section_description: Before the early 1910s, although there had been many fatal sinkings of ships by icebergs, there was no system in place to track icebergs to guard ships against collisions. In 1907, SS Kronprinz Wilhelm, a German liner, had rammed an iceberg and suffered a crushed bow, but was still able to complete her voyage. The advent of steel ship construction led designers to declare their ships "unsinkable".
  The April 1912 sinking of the Titanic, which killed 1,518 of its 2,223 passengers and crew, discredited this claim. For the remainder of the ice season of that year, the United States Navy patrolled the waters and monitored ice flow. In November 1913, the International Conference on the Safety of Life at Sea met in London to devise a more permanent system of observing icebergs. Within three months the participating maritime nations had formed the International Ice Patrol (IIP). The goal of the IIP was to collect data on meteorology and oceanography to measure currents, ice-flow, ocean temperature, and salinity levels. They monitored iceberg dangers near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and provided the "limits of all known ice" in that vicinity to the maritime community. The IIP published their first records in 1921, which allowed for a year-by-year comparison of iceberg movement.
caption: The iceberg suspected of sinking the RMS Titanic; a smudge of red paint much like the Titanic's red hull stripe was seen near its base at the waterline.
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