page_title: Collaboration with the Axis Powers
section_title: Norway
hierarchical_section_title: Collaboration with the Axis Powers / Collaboration by country / Norway
caption_attribution_description: Norsk bokmål: I følge et liknende foto i Aftenposten onsdag 7. april 1943 viser bildet ministerpresident Vidkun Quisling som inspiserer hjemvendte frontkjempere på Slottsplassen om ettermiddagen tirsdag 6. april 1943. Se også filmopptak i Filmavisen no. 54 (19. april) 1943&#160;: «1. Mønstring av hjemvendte frontkjempere»: «Det første politikompaniet er kommet heim og sammen med det en stor skarve permitterte soldater fra Den norske legion. Frontkjemperne fikk en verdig og begeistret mottakelse i Oslo. Først stilte frontkjemperne opp til mønstring på Festningsplassen. En rekke høgre norske og tyske militære var til stede. Avdelinger av Småhirden og Gjentehirden overrakte hver enkelt en vakker bukett av vårens blomster og lauv. Paraden og defileringen foran Føreren foran Slottet ble en kort, men stemningsfull høytidelighet. Blant de frammøtte personligheter såes en rekke representanter for stat og parti med samtlige ministre i spissen. Avdelingene stod oppstilt med front mot Slottet da Føreren kom ut på plassen. Føreren holdt så en tale og takket frontkjemperne for hva de hadde gjort for Norge. Deretter defilerte avdelingene for Føreren.» (Feilaktig beskrivelse i Flickr: Dette bildet er tatt da politikompaniet av Den Norske Legion paraderte for Quisling før avreisen til østfronten i 1942. Paraden er, som en ser, henlagt til Slottsplassen. Edsavleggelsen foregikk på tysk for den tyske politigeneralen ved leiren i Holmestrand. Bildet viser Jonas Lie gjøre honnør for Quisling. 1942/10/01.) RA/PA-1209/Ue 97/ (img115)
context_page_description: Within nations occupied by the Axis powers in World War II, some citizens and organizations, prompted by nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-communism, antisemitism, opportunism, self-defense, or often a combination, knowingly collaborated with the Axis Powers. Some of these collaborators committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, or atrocities of the Holocaust.
  Collaboration has been defined as cooperation between elements of the population of a defeated state and representatives of a victorious power. Stanley Hoffmann subdivided collaboration into involuntary and voluntary. According to Hoffmann, collaborationism can be subdivided into "servile" and "ideological"; the former is deliberate service to an enemy, whereas the latter is deliberate advocacy of cooperation with a foreign force which is seen as a champion of desirable domestic transformations. In contrast, Bertram Gordon uses the terms "collaborator" and "collaborationist", respectively, in reference to non-ideological and ideological collaborations.
context_section_description: In Norway, the national government, headed by Vidkun Quisling, was installed by the Germans as a puppet regime during the occupation, while king Haakon VII and the legally elected Norwegian government fled into exile. Quisling encouraged Norwegians to volunteer for service in the Waffen-SS, collaborated in the deportation of Jews, and was responsible for the executions of members of the Norwegian resistance movement.
  About 45,000 Norwegian collaborators joined the fascist party Nasjonal Samling (National Union), about 8,500 of them being enlisted in the collaborationist paramilitary organization Hirden. About 15,000 Norwegians volunteered for combat duty on the Nazi side with 6,000 joining the Germanic SS. In addition, Norwegian police units like the Statspolitiet helped arrest many of Norway's Jews. All but 23 of the 742 Jews deported to concentration camps and death camps would be murdered or die before the end of the war. Knut Rød the Norwegian police officer most responsible for the arrest, detention and transfer of Jewish men, women and children to SS troops at Oslo harbor was later acquitted in two highly publicized trials during the legal purge in Norway after World War II that remain controversial to this day.
  Nasjonal Samling had very little support among the population at large and Norway was one of few countries where resistance during World War II was widespread before the turning point of the war in 1942/43. After the war, Quisling and some other collaborators were imprisoned, fined or executed. Quisling's name has become an international eponym for traitor.
caption: Vidkun Quisling and Jonas Lie inspect the Norwegian Legion
exif: {}