page_title: Bedhaya
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Bedhaya / History
caption_attribution_description: Nederlands: Litho. De litho is gemaakt naar een tekening van F.C. Wilsen. Pagina 7 van de map "De Indische Archipel", Den Haag, 1865-1876, met daarin 24 kleurenlitho's, van objectnr. 3728-430 t/m 3728-479.. Bedoyo danseressen aan het hof van de sultan van Yogyakarta
context_page_description: The bedhaya is a sacred ritualized dance of Java, Indonesia, associated with the royal palaces of Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Along with the serimpi, the bedhaya epitomized the elegant character of the royal court, and the dance became an important symbol of the ruler's power.
  The bedhaya has different forms in the two court cities, the bedhaya Ketawang in Surakarta, and the bedhaya Semang in Yogyakarta, the latter of which has not been performed for more than 20 years. The Solonese dance continues to be performed once per year, on the second day of the Javanese month of Ruwah, to commemorate the ascension of the current Susuhunan of Surakarta. Nine females, relatives or wives of the Susuhunan, perform the dance before a private audience. An invitation to anyone outside of the inner circle of the court is a considerable honor.
context_section_description: Some kind of female dance known as bedhaya existed on Java at least as early as the Majapahit Empire. Indeed, some of the steps of the modern dance are said to be as old as the 3rd century. However, the modern form is traditionally dated to the court of Sultan Agung of Mataram (reigned 1613–1645). Unfortunately there is almost no historical evidence to back up the claims made about the advances in the arts in Sultan Agung's courts, and the existence of the dance is not clearly documented until the late 18th century.
  There are many myths which explain the origin of the dance, which generally have either an account of a meeting with an Indic deity (Shiva, Brahma, Vishnu, Indra, or the Buddha), or the meeting of Kangjeng Ratu Kidul, the Goddess of the South Sea, meeting with a founder of the Mataram dynasty, either Sultan Ageng or his grandfather, Senapati.  In the former, the nine dancers were the creation of a deity, who were brought to life, and offered the dance to their maker in gratitude. In the latter, the dance was created when Kangjeng Ratu Kidul fell in love with the sultan, and danced the bedhaya for him; the nine dancers in the modern dance represent the spirit of the goddess.
  Since the decline in the power of the royal courts, other, more accessible forms of bedhaya have become popular, not as religious ritual, but as artistic performance. These do not require the royal presence, and may be performed on stage for an admission fee. They frequently recount stories used in wayang.
caption: The court of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, c. 1876
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