page_title: Demographics of Russia
section_title: Current population statistics
hierarchical_section_title: Demographics of Russia / Current population statistics
caption_attribution_description: English: Demographic pyramid of Russia on January 1st, 2020
context_page_description: With a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census, which rose to 146.7 million as of 2020, Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous country in the world. Its population density stands at 9 inhabitants per square kilometre. The overall life expectancy in Russia at birth is 72.4 years. Since the 1990s, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth rate. As of 2018, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.58 born per woman, one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, below the replacement rate of 2.1, and considerably below the high of 7.44 children born per woman in 1908. Consequently, the country has one of the oldest populations in the world, with an average age of 40.3 years.
  Russia is home to approximately 117 million ethnic Russians, and about 20 million ethnic Russians live outside of Russia in the former republics of the Soviet Union, mostly in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The 2010 census recorded 81% of the population as ethnically Russian, and 19% as other ethnicities: 3.7% Tatars; 1.4% Ukrainians; 1.1% Bashkirs; 1% Chuvashes; 11.8% others and unspecified.
context_section_description: Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.
  One birth every 18 seconds
  One death every 16 seconds
  Net loss of one person every 8 minutes
  One net migrant every 4 minutes
  Demographic statistics according to the US based CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
  Population
  142,122,776 (July 2018 est.)
  142,257,519 (July 2017 est.)
  Age structure
  0–14 years: 17.21% (male 12,566,314 /female 11,896,416)
  15–24 years: 9.41% (male 6,840,759 /female 6,530,991)
  25–54 years: 44.21% (male 30,868,831 /female 31,960,407)
  55–64 years: 14.51% (male 8,907,031 /female 11,709,921)
  65 years and over: 14.66% (male 6,565,308 /female 14,276,798) (2018 est.)
  0–14 years: 17.12% (male 12,509,563/female 11,843,254)
  15–24 years: 9.46% (male 6,881,880/female 6,572,191)
  25–54 years: 44.71% (male 31,220,990/female 32,375,489)
  55–64 years: 14.44% (male 8,849,707/female 11,693,131)
  65 years and over: 14.28% (male 6,352,557/female 13,958,757) (2017 est.)
  Median age
  total: 39.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 52nd
  male: 36.9 years
  female: 42.7 years (2018 est.)
  total: 39.6 years
  male: 36.6 years
  female: 42.5 years (2017 est.)
  total: 39.6 years
  male: 36.7 years
  female: 41.6 years (2009)
  Birth rate
  10.7 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 184th
  11 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
  Death rate
  13.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 8th
  Total fertility rate
  1.61 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 179th
  Net migration rate
  1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 52nd
  Population growth rate
  –0.11% (2018 est.)  Country comparison to the world: 205th
  –0.08% (2017 est.)
  +0.19% (2014 est.)
  Mother's mean age at first birth
  24.6 years (2009 est.)
  Life expectancy at birth
  total population: 71.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 155th
  male: 65.6 years
  female: 77.3 years (2018 est.)
  Infant mortality rate
  total: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births
  male: 7.6 deaths/1,000 live births
  female: 5.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 163rd
  Literacy
  definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
  total population: 99.7%
  male: 99.7%
  female: 99.6% (2015 est.)
  School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
  total: 16 years
  male: 15 years
  female: 16 years (2016)
  Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
  total: 16%. Country comparison to the world: 83rd
  male: 15.3%
  female: 16.9% (2015 est.)
  Ethnic groups
  Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, Black 0.1% other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9%
  note: nearly 200 national and/or ethnic groups are represented in Russia's 2010 census (2010 est.)
  Religions
  Russian Orthodox 15–20%, Muslim 10–15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) Note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule; Russia officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism as traditional religions.
  Languages
  Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%. Note: data represent native language spoken (2010 est.)
  Population distribution
  Population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country extending from the Baltic Sea, south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable pockets are isolated and generally found in the south
  Urbanization
  urban population: 74.4% of total population (2018)
  rate of urbanization: 0.18% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
  74% urban, 26% rural (2010 Russian Census)
  Population density
  8.4 people per square kilometer (2010 Russian Census)
  Sex ratio
  at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  15–64 years: 0.4 male(s)/female
  65 years and over: 0.46 male(s)/female
  total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2009)
caption: Demographic pyramid of Russia on 1 January 2020
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