page_title: List of Russian scientists
section_title: Chemists and material scientists
hierarchical_section_title: List of Russian scientists / Chemists and material scientists
caption_attribution_description: Picture of the Russian chemist, A. M. Butlerov
context_page_description: Karl Ernst von Baer, polymath naturalist, formulated the geological Baer's law on river erosion and embryological Baer's laws, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society
  Alexander Borodin, chemist and composer, author of the famous opera Prince Igor, discovered Borodin reaction, co-discovered Aldol reaction
  Alexander Chizhevsky, interdisciplinary scientist, biophysicist, philosopher and artist, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification, Russian cosmist
  Johann Gottlieb Georgi, naturalist, chemist, mineralogist, ethnographer and explorer, the first to describe omul fish of Baikal, published the first full-scale work on ethnography of indigenous peoples of Russia
context_section_description: Ernest Beaux, inventor of Chanel No. 5, "the world's most legendary fragrance"
  Nikolay Beketov, inventor of aluminothermy, a founder of physical chemistry
  Friedrich Konrad Beilstein, proposed the Beilstein test for the detection of halogens, author of the Beilstein database in organic chemistry
  Boris Belousov, chemist and biophysicist, discoverer of Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  Alexander Borodin, chemist and composer, the author of the famous opera Prince Igor, discovered Borodin reaction, co-discovered Aldol reaction
  Aleksandr Butlerov, discovered hexamine, formaldehyde and formose reaction (the first synthesis of sugar), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulae, a founder of organic chemistry and the theory of chemical structure
  Dmitry Chernov, founder of modern metallography, discovered polymorphism in metals, built the iron-carbon phase diagram
  Aleksei Chichibabin, discovered Chichibabin pyridine synthesis, Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis and Chichibabin reaction
  Lev Chugaev, discoverer of Chugaev elimination in organic chemistry
  Karl Ernst Claus, chemist and botanist, discoverer of ruthenium
  Nikolay Demyanov, discoverer of Demjanov rearrangement in organic chemistry
  Aleksandr Dianin, discoverer of Bisphenol A and Dianin's compound
  Constantin Fahlberg, inventor of saccharin, the first artificial sweetener
  Alexey Favorsky, discoverer of Favorskii rearrangement and Favorskii reaction in organic chemistry
  Alexander Frumkin, a founder of modern electrochemistry, author of the theory of electrode reactions
  Evgraf Fedorov, the first to enumerate all of the 230 space groups of crystals, thus founding the modern crystallography
  Andre Geim, inventor of graphene, developer of gecko tape, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
  Igor Gorynin, inventor of weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, and many radiation-hardened steels
  Vladimir Ipatieff, inventor of Ipatieff bomb, a founder of petrochemistry
  Isidore, legendary inventor of the Russian vodka
  Boris Jacobi, re-discovered electroplating and initiated its practical usage
  Pyotr Kapitsa, discovered superfluidity while studying liquid helium, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
  Morris Kharasch, inventor of anti-microbial compound thimerosal
  Gottlieb Kirchhoff, discoverer of glucose
  Ivan Knunyants, inventor of poly-caprolactam, founder of Soviet school of fluorocarbon's chemistry, a developer of Soviet chemical weapons
  Sergei Lebedev, inventor of polybutadiene, the first commercially viable synthetic rubber
  Mikhail Lomonosov, polymath, coined the term physical chemistry, re-discovered smalt, proved that the phlogiston theory was false, the first to record the freezing of mercury
  Aleksandr Loran, inventor of fire fighting foam
  Konstantin Novoselov, inventor of graphene, developer of gecko tape, Nobel Prize in Physics winner
  Vladimir Markovnikov, author of the Markovnikov's rule in organic chemistry, discoverer of naphthenes
  Mikhail Davidovich Mashkovsky, pharmacologist, author of the pharmacopoeia "Medical compounds"
  Dmitri Mendeleyev, invented the Periodic table of chemical elements, the first to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered, invented pyrocollodion, developer of pipelines and a prominent researcher of vodka
  Nikolai Menshutkin, discoverer of Menshutkin reaction in organic chemistry
  Sergey Namyotkin, a prominent researcher of terpenes, discoverer of Nametkin rearrangement
  Ilya Prigogine, researcher of dissipative structures,  complex systems and irreversibility, Nobel Prize winner
  Sergey Reformatsky, discoverer of Reformatsky reaction in organic chemistry
  Nikolay Semyonov, physical chemist, author of the chain reaction theory, Nobel Prize winner
  Carl Schmidt, analyzed the crystal structure of many biochemicals, proved that animal and plant cells are chemically similar
  Vladimir Shukhov, polymath, inventor of chemical cracking
  Mikhail Shultz, physical chemist and artist; one of the creators the glass electrode theory; author of several thermodynamic methods
  Mikhail Tsvet,
caption: Butlerov
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