page_title: James W. Pumphrey
section_title: The day of the assassination
hierarchical_section_title: James W. Pumphrey / The day of the assassination
caption_attribution_description: English: Source: en:National Park Service – "John Wilkes Booth's Escape Route". Derivative work for Wikipedia by en:User:JGHowes – added state flags/icons; revised map colors.
context_page_description: James W. Pumphrey was the owner of a livery stable in Washington, D.C., and played a minor role in the events surrounding the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and its aftermath. John Wilkes Booth hired a horse from Pumphrey that he used to escape with after he assassinated the President.
context_section_description: Pumphrey was an acquaintance of conspirator John Surratt and it was Surratt who introduced Booth to him prior to the assassination.  Pumphrey's stable was located near the National Hotel, which was Booth's Washington residence at the time. Booth had been hiring one particular horse, which he preferred, from Pumphrey.
  On April 14, 1865, after learning that Lincoln would attend that evening's performance of the play Our American Cousin,  Booth went directly from Ford's Theatre to Pumphrey's livery stable to make arrangements for procuring a horse.  Pumphrey informed Booth that the horse he usually hired was unavailable. Therefore, Booth hired a different one, a swift little bay mare with a white star on her forehead and a black tail and mane.
  Booth told Pumphrey that he would be back to get it at around four o'clock that afternoon.
  At the hour agreed upon, Booth arrived at the stable. Pumphrey warned Booth that the horse was high spirited and she would break her halter if left unattended.
  Booth mentioned to Pumphrey that he was going to Grover's Theatre, the former name of the National Theatre, as he had to write an important letter.  He added that he planned afterwards to stop for a drink and then take a leisurely ride.  Booth did write a letter, but not at Grover's Theatre.  He wrote the letter at the National Hotel; it was written to the editor of a Washington D.C. newspaper called the National Intelligencer. In the letter, he explained that his plans had changed from kidnapping Lincoln to assassinating him. In addition to signing his own name, he also added those of his co-conspirators: Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt, and David Herold. Later, Booth did get a drink at Peter Taltavull's Star Saloon located next to Ford's Theatre, but he definitely did not go on a pleasure ride. Instead, Booth approached Edmund Spangler, an acquaintance and stage hand at Ford's Theatre, with the request to hold the reins of the skittish mare that he hired, while he briefly attended to some business within the theater. This business was murdering Lincoln.
  After the assassination, Booth and Herold made good an escape to Virginia.  Prior to crossing the Potomac River and while hiding out in some woods, Herold killed Pumphrey's horse along with his own because the horses were no longer needed.
caption: Booth's escape route.  Pumphrey's horse was killed by Herold while he and Booth were hiding in the woods prior to crossing the Potomac River into Virginia.
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