page_title: Tandem
section_title: Side-by-side seating
hierarchical_section_title: Tandem / Aviation / Side-by-side seating
caption_attribution_description: English: Privately-owned ex-RAF Hawker Hunter T7A (RAF code WV318, civil registration G-FFOX) flies with privately-owned ex-RAF Gloster Meteor NF11 (RAF code WM167, civil registration G-LOSM) at Kemble Air Show, Kemble Airport, Gloucestershire, England. The Hunter is in the colours of the former RAF Black Arrows aerobatics team and was delivered to the RAF in 1955. The Meteor was built by Armstrong Whitworth in 1952 at their Baginton (Coventry) factory. It entered RAF service in 1952 and left RAF service in 1975.
context_page_description: Tandem, or in tandem, is an arrangement in which a team of machines, animals or people are lined up one behind another, all facing in the same direction.
  The original use of the term in English was in tandem harness, which is used for two or more draft horses, or other draft animals, harnessed in a single line one behind another, as opposed to a pair, harnessed side by side, or a team of several pairs. The tandem harness allows additional animals to provide pulling power for a vehicle designed for a single animal.
  The English word tandem derives with a word play from the Latin adverb tandem, meaning at length or finally.
  Tandem seating may be used on a tandem bicycle where it is alternative to sociable seating. Tandem can also be used more generally to refer to any group of persons or objects working together, not necessarily in line.
context_section_description: An alternative configuration is side-by-side seating, which is common in civil aircraft of all sizes, trainers and large military aircraft, but less so in high performance jets and gliders where drag reduction is paramount. The Boeing B-47 Stratojet and Boeing XB-52 bombers used fighter-style tandem seating, but the final B-52 bomber series used a conventional side-by-side cockpit. The Grumman A-6 Intruder, General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark, Sukhoi Su-24 or the Sukhoi Su-34 are examples of combat aircraft that use this configuration. For training aircraft, it has the advantage that pilot and instructor can see each other's actions, allowing the pilot to learn from the instructor and the instructor to correct the student pilot. The tandem configuration has the advantage of being closer to the normal working environment that a fast jet pilot is likely to encounter.
  In some cases, such as the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, a two-place aircraft can be lengthened into a four-place aircraft. Also, a single seat cockpit can be redesigned into a side-by-side arrangement in the case of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, TF-102 trainer or the Hawker Hunter training versions.
caption: Tandem seat Gloster Meteor and side-by-side seat Hawker Hunter (trainer)
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