page_title: Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove
section_title: Transport and other architecture
hierarchical_section_title: Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove / Types / Transport and other architecture
caption_attribution_description: English: Lewes Road Viaduct This view shows the viaduct on the former branch line to Brighton Kemp Town during demolition in 1976. The branch lost its passenger services as long ago as 1933, but retained freight facilities until 1971.
context_page_description: Brighton and Hove, a city on the English Channel coast in southeast England, has a large and diverse stock of buildings "unrivalled architecturally" among the country's seaside resorts. The urban area, designated a city in 2000, is made up of the formerly separate towns of Brighton and Hove, nearby villages such as Portslade, Patcham and Rottingdean, and 20th-century estates such as Moulsecoomb and Mile Oak. The conurbation was first united in 1997 as a unitary authority and has a population of about 253,000. About half of the 20,430-acre geographical area is classed as built up.
  Brighton's transformation from medieval fishing village into spa town and pleasure resort, patronised by royalty and fashionable high society, coincided with the development of Regency architecture and the careers of three architects whose work came to characterise the 4-mile seafront.
context_section_description: Brighton railway station, a Grade II*-listed structure, was built in two parts.  Most of David Mocatta's stuccoed Italianate building of 1841 survives—albeit hidden by H.E. Wallis's extensions of 1882–83.  He added an elaborate iron porte-cochère over the forecourt and an impressive curved train shed, 21 bays and 597 feet (182 m) long, at the rear.  Its glazed three-span roof is supported on octagonal fluted columns.  F.D. Bannister, the chief architect of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR), made other alterations at the same time, such as removing an entrance colonnade designed by Mocatta. The modern entrance has round-arched windows and doorways which recall its design. The roof was comprehensively restored in 1999–2000. Elsewhere in the city, the stations at Hove (original building), Kemp Town (demolished), London Road and Portslade were built to a common design in the 1850s–1870s. The "stately" two-storey buildings are Italianate, reminiscent of a Tuscan villa, and have symmetrical layouts.  London Road station, by W. Sawyer in 1877, also has a wide staircase leading up to its entrance. Moulsecoomb, newly built in 1980, was designed by the Chief Architect's Department of the Southern Region of British Railways.  Intended to be difficult to vandalise, it has two "well-detailed" Swiss chalet-style wooden and tiled buildings linked by a footbridge. Preston Park's platform-level buildings were replaced in 1974 by flat-roofed timber and glass structures, although the yellow-brick street-level entrance survives.  Aldrington has basic shelters emphasising "utility rather than elegance".
  The Grade II*-listed London Road viaduct (1846) by John Urpeth Rastrick used 10 million yellow and red bricks, spectacularly spanned the undeveloped valley until terraced houses crowded round it, and made it possible for the LBSCR to reach Lewes and Newhaven.  The Builder of 1847 proclaimed Brighton to be "immensely improved" by the "exceedingly striking" structure.  A cornice and balustrade runs along its 1,200-foot (370 m) length. Similar but smaller viaducts crossed Lewes Road (540 feet (160 m) and 28 arches; demolished in stages in 1976 and 1983) and Hartington Road (three arches; demolished in 1973) as part of the Kemp Town branch line. Further up Lewes Road, near Moulsecoomb, another Rastrick-designed viaduct of 1846 spans the dual carriageway at an acute angle.  It is built of blue brick and has three segmental-arched openings.  A concrete brace was inserted in one after wartime bomb damage. Two more viaducts, both Grade II-listed and designed by Rastrick, cross New England Road.  The earlier, western viaduct (1839–41) carries the main line and was designed as a triumphal arch in stone and yellow brick. It was given full Masonic honours when built. A cast-iron arched bridge of 1851–54, cast at the nearby Regent Foundry, carried the now removed line to the goods yard and locomotive works.  It consists of four parallel ribs forming an arch with open spandrels.  There is a latticework parapet of iron and stone corbels.
  Trams (from 1901) and trolleybuses used to run in Brighton.  The Lewes Road Bus Garage was originally the Brighton Corporation Tramways depot; it retains windows etched with this name.  Wooden tram shelters survive on Dyke Road, Ditchling Road and Queen's Park Road.  They have been turned into bus shelters, and the same has happened in Old Steine with a series of trolleybus shelters designed in 1939 by Borough Surveyor David Edwards.  The cream-coloured structures have curved windows and flat roofs with similarly curved ends which oversail the shelter itself.  Their style is Streamline Moderne.
  The city has an array of free-standing clock towers in various styles.  The landmark Jubilee Clock Tower in the city centre has been called Brighton's "second best known symbol" after the Royal Pavilion; Preston Park, Queen's Park and Blaker's Park each have one; and a fifth was erected in the 1930s in Patcham to publicise the suburb's Ladies Mile Estate. All except the Blaker's Park and Patcham clock towers are Gr
caption: The Lewes Road viaduct was partly demolished in 1976 (pictured); the rest was cleared in 1983.
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