page_title: Vittorio Cuniberti
section_title: Convergence
hierarchical_section_title: Vittorio Cuniberti / Dreadnoughts / Convergence
caption_attribution_description: English: The Japanese battleship Satsuma, launched November 1906, served in 1910-1923
context_page_description: Vittorio Emilio Cuniberti was an Italian military officer and naval engineer who envisioned the concept of the all big gun battleship, best exemplified by HMS Dreadnought.
context_section_description: Jacky Fisher never gave any credit to Cuniberti, or to any foreigner, although he surely knew Cuniberti's theories. Most navies were converging towards the "all big guns battleship": the Americans were publishing articles about potential designs and the General Board was reviewing several options, but USS South Carolina and USS Michigan were not authorized until March 1905 (and then as repeat Connecticuts), and neither were laid down until December 1906. Neither were the Japanese building the Satsuma class, which wasn't ordered until 1904 and laid down in 1905 and 1906.
caption: Japanese battleship Satsuma
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