page_title: 1856
section_title: July–December
hierarchical_section_title: 1856 / Births / July–December
caption_attribution_description: English: English physicist J J Thomson. Español: El físico inglés J J Thomson fue elegido miembro de la Royal Society en 1884.
context_page_description: 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1856th year of the Common Era and Anno Domini designations, the 856th year of the 2nd millennium, the 56th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1856, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
context_section_description: July 6 – Kate Simpson Hayes, Canadian playwright and legislative librarian (d. 1945)
  July 7 – Georg von der Marwitz, German general (d. 1929)
  July 10 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian-American inventor (d. 1943)
  July 11 – Georgiana Drew, American stage actress, married Maurice Barrymore in 1876 (d. 1893)
  July 23 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian political activist (d. 1920)
  July 24 – Franklin Ware Mann, American inventor (d. 1916)
  July 26 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
  July 27 - Nathan Francis Mossell, physician, 1st African American graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and founder of the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School
  July 30 – Harriet Bates, American author (d. 1986)
  August 3 – Alfred Deakin, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1919)
  August 10 – William Willett, British promoter of Daylight Saving Time (d. 1915)
  August 12 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1917)
  August 15
  Ivan Franko, Ukrainian poet, critic, journalist and political activist (d. 1916)
  Keir Hardie, British labour leader (d. 1915)
  September 1 – Sergei Winogradsky, Russian scientist (d. 1953)
  September 3 – Louis Sullivan, American architect (d. 1924)
  September 18 – Wilhelm von Gloeden, German photographer (d. 1931)
  September 19 – Miguel R. Dávila, Honduranian general, 21st President of Honduras (d. 1927)
  September 27 – Bríet Bjarnhéðinsdóttir, Icelandic women's right activist (d. 1940)
  September 28 – Kate Douglas Wiggin, American author of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (d. 1923)
  October 6 – William Shea, British actor (d. 1918)
  October 10 – George McClellan, U.S. Representative from New York (d. 1927)
  October 15 – Robert Nivelle, French general (d. 1924)
  October 21 – Francisco Plancarte y Navarrete, Mexican archaeologist and Roman Catholic archbishop of Monterrey, Mexico (d. 1920)
  October 23 – William Thomas Turner, British ship's captain with Cunard Steamship Company (d. 1933)
  October 30 – Charles Leroux, American balloonist, parachutist (d. 1889)
  November 9 – Andrei Eberhardt, Russian admiral (d. 1919)
  November 13 – Louis Brandeis, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1941)
  November 14
  Madeleine Lemoyne Ellicott, American suffragette (d. 1945)
  J. M. Robertson, British Liberal Party politician, writer and journalist, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade (d. 1933)
  November 16 – Jürgen Kröger, German architect (d. 1928)
  November 17 – Demetrio Castillo Duany, Cuban revolutionary, soldier and politician (d. 1922)
  November 21 – William Emerson Ritter, American biologist (d. 1944)
  November 22 – Heber J. Grant, 7th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1945)
  November 24  – Bat Masterson, American lawman (d. 1921)
  November 28 – Mary Catherine Crowley, American author (d. 1920)
  November 29 – Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1921)
  December 1 – Malcolm Smith, British politician (d. 1935)
  December 2 – Robert Kajanus, Finnish conductor, composer (d. 1933)
  December 6– Hans Molisch, Czech-Austrian botanist (d. 1937)
  December 10
  Dewa Shigetō, Japanese admiral (d. 1930)
  Karolina Widerström, Swedish physician, women's rights activist (d. 1949)
  December 11
  Edward John Bevan, English chemist, partner of Charles Frederick Cross (d. 1921)
  Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary, Marxist theoretician (d. 1918)
  December 13 – Svetozar Boroević, Austrian field marshal (d. 1920)
  December 18
  Graciano López Jaena, Filipino journalist, writer and patriot (d. 1896)
  J. J. Thomson, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
  December 22 – Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937)
  December 23 – James Buchanan Duke, American tobacco and electric power industrialist (d. 1925)
  December 25 – Hans von Bartels, German painter (d. 1913)
  December 28 – Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1924)
caption: J. J. Thomson
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