page_title: Cosmos
section_title: Cosmology
hierarchical_section_title: Cosmos / Cosmology
caption_attribution_description: From Petrus Apianus&#59; Gemma Frisius&#32;(1539)&#32;Petri Apiani cosmographia, per Gemmam Phrysium, apud Louanienses medicum ac mathematicum insignem, restituta: additis de adem re ipsius Gemmae Phry. libellis, ut sequens pagina docet, Antwerp&#58; In pingui gallina Arnoldo Berckma[n]no [Arnold Birckmann], OCLC 1113627241. Schema huius præmiʃʃæ diuiʃionis Sphærarum. COELVM EMPIREVM HABITACVLVM DEI ET OMNIVM ELECTORVM Ⅰ0 &#160; ♌ &#166; Decimŭm Cœlŭm ♋ &#166; Primŭ Mobile ♊ &#166; &#160; ♉ &#166; &#160; ♈ &#166; &#160; ♓ &#166; &#160; ♒ &#166; &#160; ♑ &#166; &#160; ♐ &#166; &#160; ♏ &#166; &#160; ♎ &#166; &#160; ♍ &#166; 9 &#160; ♋ &#166; Nonŭ Cœlŭm ♊ &#166; Criʃtallinŭm ♉ &#166; &#160; ♈ &#166; ⊕ &#160; ♓ &#166; &#160; ♒ &#166; &#160; ♑ &#166; &#160; ♐ &#166; &#160; ♏ &#166; &#160; ♎ &#166;⊕ &#160; ♍ &#166; &#160; ♌ &#166; 8 ••••••★ ♋ &#166; (•) Octaŭum •• ♊ &#166; (•) Firmamentŭ • ♉ • &#166; •••••• ♈ &#166; ••★••★••• ♓ &#166; •••★• ♒ • &#166; ••••••••• ♑ &#166; •••★ ♐ &#166; ••••••• ♏ &#166; ★•★ ♎ &#166; ••••••• ♍ &#166; ••★•••• ♌ &#166; 7 COELÛ &#160; ♃ SATVRNI &#160; ★ 6 ♄ IOVIS &#160; ★ 5 ♂ MARTIS &#160; ★ 4 ☉ SOLIS &#160; ☼ 3 ♀VENERIS &#160; ★ Z ☿ MERCVRII &#160; ★ Ⅰ ☾ LVNÆ &#160; ◯ &#160; ☽ &#160; ◯ (•) Star aligned with following word; only two sizes of stars are used, relative positions ignored English: The scheme of the aforementioned division of spheres. · The empyrean (fiery) heaven, dwelling of God and of all the selected · 10 Tenth heaven, first cause · 9 Ninth heaven, crystalline · 8 Eighth heaven of the firmament · 7 Heaven of Saturn · 6 Jupiter · 5 Mars · 4 Sun · 3 Venus · 2 Mercury · 1 Moon Latina: Schema huius praemissae divisionis sphaerarum. · Coelum empireum habitaculum dei et omnium electorum · 10 Decimum coelum primu mobile · 9 Nonu coelum cristallinum · 8 Octavum [coelum] firmamentu · 7 Coelu saturni · 6 [Coelu] Iovis · 5 [Coelu] Martis · 4 [Coelu] Solis · 3 [Coelu] Veneris · 2 [Coelu] Mercurii · 1 [Coelu] Lunae Compare to: Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi
context_page_description: The cosmos is the Universe. Using the word cosmos rather than the word universe implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity; the opposite of chaos.
  The cosmos, and our understanding of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in cosmology – a very broad discipline covering any scientific, religious, or philosophical contemplation of the cosmos and its nature, or reasons for existing. Religious and philosophical approaches may include in their concepts of the cosmos various spiritual entities or other matters deemed to exist outside our physical universe.
context_section_description: Cosmology is the study of the cosmos, and in its broadest sense covers a variety of very different approaches: scientific, religious and philosophical. All cosmologies have in common an attempt to understand the implicit order within the whole of being. In this way, most religions and philosophical systems have a cosmology.
  When cosmology is used without a qualifier, it often signifies physical cosmology, unless the context makes clear that a different meaning is intended.
caption: The Ancient and Medieval cosmos as depicted in Peter Apian's Cosmographia (Antwerp, 1539).
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