page_title: Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry
section_title: Richard the Lionheart's war with Philip Augustus
hierarchical_section_title: Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry / Richard the Lionheart's war with Philip Augustus
caption_attribution_description: English: The Battle of Gisors, 1198, between Philip II August (left) and Richard Lionheart (right). Deutsch: Die Schlacht von Gisors, 1198, zwischen Philipp II. August (links) und Richard Löwenherz (rechts). Français&#160;: La Bataille de Gisors, 1198, Philippe II August (l'envers) contre Richard Cœur de Lion (droite).
context_page_description: The Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry was a series of conflicts and disputes that covered a period of 100 years, during which the House of Capet, rulers of the Kingdom of France, fought against the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England in order to suppress the growing power of the Plantagenet-controlled Angevin Empire. Some historians refer to that series of events as the "First Hundred Years War".
  During this period, the English kings' respective continental possessions were considered more important than their island possessions, and significantly greater than even those of the French sovereign, despite the latter being the respective overlords of the former, in the context of most of the possessions respective English kings held on continental Europe. This conflict was primarily a French one, since 1159
  both dynasties were French,
  the nobles who made up the English army were essentially of French origin and with a foreign minority,
  the foot soldiers of the English king were local recruits in "France".
  Their rivalry, and the many wars that accompanied it, saw the gradual "re-conquest", by the Capetians, of their own kingdom.
context_section_description: When Philip Augustus came to the throne in 1180, he was the king of a territory comparable in area to the Île-de-France of today and faced against an Angevin Empire more powerful than ever. Having strengthened his position within his own kingdom, he began raising the sons of Henry II against their father, supporting their revolts and befriending Richard the Lionheart. After two years of combat (1186-1188), a truce was signed to maintain status quo. The death of Henry II in 1189 and the call for the Third Crusade put an end to the conflict, and Richard the Lionheart was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey, and immediately left for the crusade alongside King Philip.
  Returning early from the crusade in December 1191, Philip Augustus encouraged the rebellion of John Lackland against his brother Richard and profited from the absence of the latter to negotiate a very advantageous treaty for France. Hoping to acquire the English crown with the support of the King of France, John Lackland paid homage in 1193. Then, as Philip Augustus attacked the possessions of the Plantagenets, John gave to the French king eastern Normandy (except Rouen), Le Vaudreuil, Verneuil and Évreux, by written agreement, in January 1194. By his military and diplomatic finesse, Philip kept his rival at bay.
  
  Richard the Lionheart continued the crusade after the departure of Philip: he retook the main Palestinian ports up to Jaffa, and restored the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem although the city itself eluded him. He eventually negotiated a five-year truce with Saladin and sailed back in October 1192. Winter storms overtook him. Forced to stay at Corfu, he was captured by Duke Leopold V of Austria, who put him in the hands of the German Emperor Henry VI, his enemy. For the release of Richard, the emperor asked for a ransom of 100,000 marks, plus 50,000 marks to help him conquer Sicily.
  Richard was finally released on 2 February 1194. His mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, paid two-thirds of the ransom, one hundred thousand marks, the balance to be paid later. His reaction was immediate. In the Battle of Fréteval, Richard was able to push back Philip. As a result, Philip gave up most of his recent conquests in the first treaty in January 1196. Then the fighting resumed in 1197, again to the advantage of Richard who invaded the Vexin, resulting in an English victory at the Battle of Gisors in which the saying and future motto of the United Kingdom "Dieu et mon droit" was supposedly uttered by king Richard, and has been used as a battle cry ever since. The two kings looked for support, while the new Pope Innocent III, who wanted to set up a new crusade, pushed them to negotiate. The situation ended abruptly. During the siege of the castle of Châlus (Limousin) in 1199, Richard was hit by a crossbow bolt. He succumbed to his injuries a few days later, on April 6, forty-one years old and at the height of his glory.
caption: The Battle of Gisors, 1198, between Philip II Augustus (left) and Richard the Lionheart (right) (Chroniques de Saint-Denis (ou de France), 14th century)
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