page_title: Kibbutz
section_title: Outside Israel
hierarchical_section_title: Kibbutz / Legacy / Outside Israel
caption_attribution_description: English: Panoramic photo (composite) of Sunflower fields at Kibbutz Barkai, Israel; May 20, 2006; 16:10 PM עברית: פנורמה של קבוץ ברקאי; צולם ב-20 במאי 2006, 4:10 אחה"צ
context_page_description: A kibbutz is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a kibbutz is called a kibbutznik.
  In 2010, there were 270 kibbutzim in Israel. Their factories and farms account for 9% of Israel's industrial output, worth US$8 billion, and 40% of its agricultural output, worth over $1.7 billion. Some kibbutzim had also developed substantial high-tech and military industries. For example, in 2010, Kibbutz Sasa, containing some 200 members, generated $850 million in annual revenue from its military-plastics industry.
  Currently the kibbutzim are organised in the secular Kibbutz Movement with some 230 kibbutzim, the Religious Kibbutz Movement with 16 kibbutzim and the much smaller religious Poalei Agudat Yisrael with two kibbutzim, all part of the wider communal settlement movement.
context_section_description: Israeli-born Adam Neumann who grew up in a kibbutz, and American-born Miguel McKelvey who grew up in a commune, together established WeWork which provides shared workspaces for technology startup subculture communities, and bears the influence of communal living.
caption: Panorama of Kibbutz Barkai in the Wadi Ara region
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