page_title: Bombardier Innovia Metro
section_title: Innovia ART
hierarchical_section_title: Bombardier Innovia Metro / History / Innovia ART
caption_attribution_description: English: While Vancouver's MK II SkyTrain cars run on the same track as the older MK I cars, the newer models have more spacious interiors. Vancouver uses both the original ICTS model and the ART Mark II (pictured here).
context_page_description: Innovia Metro is the current name given to an automated rapid transit system manufactured by Bombardier Transportation. Innovia Metro systems run on conventional metal rails and pull power from a third rail, but are powered by a linear induction motor that provides traction by pulling on a "fourth rail" placed between the running rails. A new version of the technology being marketed by Bombardier is compatible with standard electric rotary propulsion.
  The design was originally developed in the 1970s by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation, a Crown corporation owned by the government of Ontario, Canada. It was designed as a system that would provide economic rapid transit service in the suburbs, which would have ridership levels between what a bus could serve at the low-end, or a subway at the high-end. During development the system was known as the ICTS. Sales of the ICTS were made for metro lines in Vancouver, Toronto and Detroit. Further sales were not forthcoming and the Ontario government lost interest in the company, selling it to Lavalin of Quebec in 1986.
context_section_description: A series of financial difficulties caused by Lavalin's rapid expansion led to its bankruptcy. A clause in the original sales contract returned UTDC to Ontario crown control, and they quickly sold it to Bombardier in 1991. Bombardier started a redesign effort for the ICTS, resulting in the larger, advanced rapid transit (ART) Mark II vehicle. Compared to the original ICTS (retroactively named Mark I), the newer ART cars are longer with more seating, and have a more open layout inside.
  ART technology was selected for the AirTrain JFK project, which is widely considered a great success in spite of predictions to the contrary. After winning the SkyTrain Millennium Line contract in Vancouver, Bombardier further improved the design by introducing an articulating section between adjacent cars, replacing the coupling and doors of the older Mark I design. The articulation allows passengers to move freely between the cars, as well as adding more internal space for passenger seating. These versions of the Mark II design won several more contracts, and are currently operating on the Kelana Jaya Line in Kuala Lumpur, the Airport Express, Beijing Subway in China (in four-car trains), and the YongIn EverLine near Seoul in South Korea. When Bombardier started marketing ART as part of its Bombardier Innovia family of automated transit systems, the technology was rebranded as the Innovia ART 100 for the Mark I and Innovia ART 200 for the Mark II.
  Vancouver continues to be the largest operator of an Innovia ART system, with 49.5 km (30.8 mi) of operational lines in its SkyTrain network (Expo Line and Millennium Line). This network increased in 2016 with the opening of a 10.9 km (6.8 mi) extension of the Millennium Line, named the Evergreen Extension. The SkyTrain system uses a mixed fleet of Innovia ART 100 and 200 cars, with new Innovia Metro 300 cars (the latest model of ART technology) rolling out on the system.
caption: Vancouver uses the original Innovia ART 100; the Innovia ART 200 vehicles (pictured here), whose articulated design allows for a more spacious interior; and the ART 300.
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