page_title: Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
section_title: Private life
hierarchical_section_title: Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor / Private life
context_page_description: Leopold I was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain, Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV. Elected in 1658, Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the longest-ruling Habsburg emperor.
  Leopold's reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the east and rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin, in the west. After more than a decade of warfare, Leopold emerged victorious from the Great Turkish War thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy. By the Treaty of Karlowitz, Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingdom of Hungary, which had fallen under Turkish power in the years after the 1526 Battle of Mohács.
  Leopold fought three wars against France: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In this last, Leopold sought to give his younger son the entire Spanish inheritance, disregarding the will of the late Charles II. Leopold started a war that soon engulfed much of Europe.
context_section_description: In 1666, he married Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651–1673), daughter of King Philip IV of Spain, who was both his niece and his first cousin. She was depicted in Diego Velázquez' paintings sent from the court of Madrid to Leopold as he waited in Vienna for his fiancée to grow up. Leopold and Margaret Theresa had four children:
  Archduke Ferdinand Wenzel (1667–1668)
  Archduchess Maria Antonia (1669–1692), who married Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria.
  Archduke Johann Leopold (1670)
  Archduchess Maria Anna Antonia (1672)
  His second wife was Claudia Felicitas of Austria, who died in 1676 at the age of 22. Neither of their two daughters survived:
  Archduchess Anna Maria Josepha (1674)
  Archduchess Maria Josepha Clementina (1675–1676)
  His third wife was Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg. They had the following children:
  Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1678–1711), who married Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  Archduchess Maria Christina (1679)
  Archduchess Maria Elisabeth (1680–1741), Governor of the Austrian Netherlands
  Archduke Leopold Joseph (1682–1684)
  Archduchess Maria Anna (1683–1754) married John V of Portugal
  Archduchess Maria Theresa (1684–1696)
  Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1685–1740), who married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
  Archduchess Maria Josepha (1687–1703)
  Archduchess Maria Magdalena (1689–1743)
  Archduchess Maria Margaret (1690–1691)
caption: Leopold I in costume as Acis in La Galatea (1667, by Jan Thomas van Ieperen).
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