page_title: Encyclopedic dictionary
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Encyclopedic dictionary / History
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Раковины, скелеты. Иллюстрация из энциклопедического словаря Брокгауза и Ефрона (1890—1907). &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Примечание. Описания изображений были загружены автоматически, возможны неточности. Рекомендуется проверять. English: Illustration from Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890—1907)
context_page_description: An encyclopedic dictionary typically includes many short listings, arranged alphabetically, and discussing a wide range of topics. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be general, containing articles on topics in many different fields; or they can specialize in a particular field, such as art, biography, law, medicine, or philosophy. They may also be organized around a particular academic, cultural, ethnic, or national perspective.
  Historically, the term has been used to refer to any encyclopedic reference book, which was organized alphabetically, as with the familiar dictionary. To convey their alphabetic method of organization and to contrast that method with other systems for classifying knowledge, many early encyclopedias were titled or sub-titled "a dictionary of arts and sciences" or something similar.
  However, it later developed into a somewhat distinct class of reference books. While there are similarities to both dictionaries and encyclopedias, there are important distinctions as well:
  A dictionary is primarily focused on words and their definitions, and typically provides limited information, analysis of different forms, and an etymology for the word defined.
context_section_description: The encyclopedic dictionary evolved from the dictionary.  John Harris subtitled his landmark Lexicon Technicum a "universal English dictionary of Arts and Sciences"; it was the first English-language, alphabetically ordered collection of knowledge.
  The 18th-century encyclopedists, in turn, dramatically expanded the depth and, in some cases, substantially revised the organization of the encyclopedic dictionary to create the early major encyclopedias, the French Encyclopédie and later the British Encyclopædia Britannica. However, such comprehensive works were costly and difficult to produce, and to keep current; and the detailed entries were not ideal for some reference uses. The first version of the German Conversations-Lexikon (1796–1808) was just 2,762 pages in six volumes, and while that work was later expanded, its format using numerous, less lengthy entries served as the principal model for many 19th-century encyclopedias and encyclopedic dictionaries.
  The principal English-language encyclopaedic dictionary of the nineteenth century was the seven-volume in 14 eponymous work by Robert Hunter (1823–1897), published by Cassell in 1879–88, and reprinted many times up to 1910, including (1895) as the mass-circulation Lloyd's Encyclopaedic Dictionary. Hunter was assisted by zoology author Henry Scherren and a small team of domestic assistants at his house in Loughton. In the US, the dictionary was reissued with a variety of titles.
caption: Illustration of fossils from Brockhaus and Efron's Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890—1907)
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