page_title: June 1920
section_title: June 21, 1920 (Monday)
hierarchical_section_title: June 1920 / June 21, 1920 (Monday)
context_page_description: Adolfo de la Huerta was sworn into office as President of Mexico. The former Governor of Mexico's Sonora state had prompted the revolution that had toppled the government of President Carranza in May.
  U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's request to Congress to agree to a U.S. mandate over Armenia, similar to the British and French mandates over former Ottoman territories in the Middle East, was rejected by the U.S. Senate, 52 to 23.
  The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Hawke v. Smith that Ohio could not hold a referendum to reverse its ratification of the Prohibition amendment, holding that after the constitution is amended, the ratification cannot be taken back. Ohio, which had become the 36th and ratifying state in 1919, had authorized the holding of a public vote on the issue of retraction, but a restraining order had been issued by a lower court to prevent the printing of ballots. The ruling also meant that state legislatures couldn't take back ratifications of the 19th Amendment permitting women's suffrage.
  The Supreme Court ruled also that the salaries paid to the U.S. president and to federal judges were tax-exempt income.
context_section_description: Constantin Fehrenbach became the new Chancellor of Germany and, after one failed try, formed a new coalition government on June 25, composed of members of his own Centre Party (Zentrum) and the German Democrats (DDP) from the old coalition, but combining with the right-wing German People's Party (DVP) and without the Social Democrats (SPD).
  At Boulogne, financial experts for the Allied powers announced that Germany's reparations for World War One should be fixed at 111 billion Deutschmarks (equivalent to 25 billion U.S. dollars), payable in gold at a minimum of three billion Deutschmarks (US$610,000,000) per year, to be completed by the year 1957, unless Germany recovered its prosperity, in which case the minimum payment would be changed according to an index.
  Italy withdrew all of its troops from Montenegro.
  The U.S. Army began issuing a new honor, the World War I Victory Medal.
  Born: Hans Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater and 1947 world championship gold medalist; in Winterthur (d. 2017)
caption: Chancellor Fehrenbach
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