page_title: List of sieges of Constantinople
hierarchical_section_title: List of sieges of Constantinople
caption_attribution_description: English: Topographical map of Constantinople during the Byzantine period. Main map source: R. Janin, Constantinople Byzantine. Developpement urbain et repertoire topographique. Road network and some other details based on Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54; data on many churches, especially unidentified ones, taken from the University of New York's The Byzantine Churches of Istanbul project. Other published maps and accounts of the city have been used for corroboration. Български: Топографска карта на Константинопол (Цариград) през византийския период. Източник: R. Janin, Constantinople Byzantine. Developpement urbain et repertoire topographique. Пътната мрежа и някои други детайли се основават на Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54 и други публикувани източници. Deutsch: Topografische Karte Konstantinopels während des byzantinischen Zeitraums. Quelle: R. Janin, Constantinople Byzantine. Developpement urbain et repertoire topographique. Straßennetz und andere Einzelheiten basiert auf Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54. Kirchen, insb. nicht identifizierte und ausgegrabene Bauten sind aus dem The Byzantine Churches of Istanbul entnommen. Andere herausgegebenen Quellen wurden behilfsmäßig gebraucht. Ελληνικά: Τοπογραφικός χάρτης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως κατά τη Βυζαντινή περίοδο. Βασική πηγή χάρτη: R. Janin, Constantinople Byzantine. Developpement urbain et repertoire topographique. Το οδικό δίκτυο και διάφορες άλλες λεπτομέρειες με βάση το Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54. Πληροφορίες για τις εκκλησίες, ιδιαίτερα τις μη ταυτοποιημένες, από την ιστοσελίδα The Byzantine Churches of Istanbul του Πανεπιστημίου της Νέας Υόρκης. Although I've striven to make this map as complete and correct as possible, there may be some errors or omissions. Any corrections &amp; suggestions are welcome.
context_page_description: The following is a list of sieges of Constantinople, a historic city located in an area which is today part of Istanbul, Turkey. The city was built on the land that links Europe to Asia through Bosporus and connects the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. As a transcontinental city within the Silk Road, Constantinople had a strategic value for many empires and kingdoms who tried to conqueror it throughout history.
  Originally known as Byzantium in classical antiquity, the first recorded siege of the city occurred in 510 BC by Achaemenid Empire under the command of Otanes. Following this successful siege, the city fell under the rule of Persians until it won its independence again and became part of the Roman Empire around 70 BC. Despite being part of the Roman Empire, it was a free city until it became under siege by Septimius Severus between 193–196 and was partially sacked during the civil war. After it was captured by Constantine the Great in 324, it became the capital of the Byzantine Empire under the name of New Rome.
context_section_description: The following is a list of sieges of Constantinople, a historic city located in an area which is today part of Istanbul, Turkey. The city was built on the land that links Europe to Asia through Bosporus and connects the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. As a transcontinental city within the Silk Road, Constantinople had a strategic value for many empires and kingdoms who tried to conqueror it throughout history.
  Originally known as Byzantium in classical antiquity, the first recorded siege of the city occurred in 510 BC by Achaemenid Empire under the command of Otanes. Following this successful siege, the city fell under the rule of Persians until it won its independence again and became part of the Roman Empire around 70 BC. Despite being part of the Roman Empire, it was a free city until it became under siege by Septimius Severus between 193–196 and was partially sacked during the civil war. After it was captured by Constantine the Great in 324, it became the capital of the Byzantine Empire under the name of New Rome. It later became known as Constantinople and in the years that followed it became under attack by both the Byzantine pretenders fighting for the throne and also by the foreign powers for a total twenty-two times. The city remained under Byzantine rule until the Ottoman Empire took over as a result of the siege in 1453, known as Fall of Constantinople, after which no other sieges took place.
  Constantinople was besieged thirty-four times throughout its history. Out of the ten sieges that occurred during its time as a city-state and while it was under Roman rule, six were successful, three were repelled and one was lifted as a result of the agreement between the parties. Three of these sieges were carried out by the Romans who claimed the throne during civil war. Of the twenty-four sieges that took place while it was under Byzantine rule, five were successful, fourteen remained inconclusive, and five were lifted by reaching mutual agreements. Four of these sieges took place during civil wars. The Sack of Constantinople that that took place in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade caused the city to fall and established the Latin Empire. It also sent the Byzantine imperial dynasty to exile, who founded the Empire of Nicaea. Constantinople came under Byzantine rule again in 1261, but was conquered by the Ottomans with the siege in 1453, as a result of which the Byzantine Empire came to an end. The city has been under the rule of Turks since the last siege, except for the period of British rule between 1920–1923.
caption: Topographical map of Constantinople during the Byzantine period, corresponding to the modern-day Fatih district of Istanbul. The city was known as Byzantium under Roman Empire.
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