page_title: Liar's dice
section_title: Single hand
hierarchical_section_title: Liar's dice / Single hand
caption_attribution_description: English: The Perudo dice game
context_page_description: Liar's dice is a class of dice games for two or more players requiring the ability to deceive and to detect an opponent's deception.
  In "single hand" liar's dice games, each player has a set of dice, all players roll once, and the bids relate to the dice each player can see plus all the concealed dice. In "common hand" games, there is one set of dice which is passed from player to player. The bids relate to the dice as they are in front of the bidder after selected dice have been re-rolled.
  The genre has its roots in South America, with games there being known as Dudo, Cachito, Perudo or Dadinho; other names include "pirate's dice," "deception dice" and "diception." The drinking game version is sometimes called Mexicali or Mexican in the United States; the latter term may be a corruption of Mäxchen, the name by which a similar game, Mia, is known in Germany, while Liar's dice is known in Germany as Bluff. It is known by various names in Asia.
context_section_description: Five dice are used per player with dice cups used for concealment.
  Each round, each player rolls a "hand" of dice under their cup and looks at their hand while keeping it concealed from the other players. The first player begins bidding, announcing any face value and the minimum number of dice that the player believes are showing that value, under all of the cups in the game.  Ones are often wild, always counting as the face of the current bid.
  Turns rotate among the players in a clockwise order.  Each player has two choices during their turn: to make a higher bid, or challenge the previous bid—typically with a call of "liar". Raising the bid means either increasing the quantity, or the face value, or both, according to the specific bidding rules used. There are many variants of allowed and disallowed bids; common bidding variants, given a previous bid of an arbitrary quantity and face value, include:
  the player may bid a higher quantity of any particular face, or the same quantity of a higher face (allowing a player to "re-assert" a face value they believe prevalent if another player increased the face value on their bid);
  the player may bid a higher quantity of the same face, or any particular quantity of a higher face (allowing a player to "reset" the quantity);
  the player may bid a higher quantity of the same face or the same quantity of a higher face (the most restrictive; a reduction in either face value or quantity is never allowed).
  If the current player challenges the previous bid, all dice are revealed. If the bid is valid (at least as many of the face value and any wild aces are showing as were bid), the bidder wins. Otherwise, the challenger wins. The player who loses a round loses one of their dice. The last player to still retain a die (or dice) is the winner.  The loser of the last round starts the bidding on the next round.  If the loser of the last round was eliminated, the next player starts the new round.
caption: Five six-sided dice are used per player, with dice cups used for concealment.
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