page_title: Raphia frater
hierarchical_section_title: Raphia frater
caption_attribution_description: Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of Raphia frater subspecies: green – Raphia frater subsp. piazzi pink – Raphia frater subsp. abrupta black – Raphia frater subsp. frater blue – Raphia frater subsp. coloradensis yellow – Raphia frater subsp. cinderella Multi-coloured circles indicate transitional populations and/or phenotypically intermediate specimens between respective subspecies. a R. f. piazzi (Zavallo Co., TX) b R. f. abrupta (Oktibeha Co., MS) c R. f. abrupta (Cottle Co., TX) d R. f. abrupta (Cottle Co., TX) e R. f. abrupta (Montgomery Co., MD) f, g R. f. frater (Edmunston, NB) h R. f. abrupta – frater intermediate (Anne Arundel Co., MD) i R. f. abrupta – frater – coloradensis intermediate from highly variable population in Cherry Co., NE j R. f. coloradensis (Alamosa Co., CO) k R. f. coloradensis (Milk River valley, AB) l R. f. coloradensis (Sanpete Co., UT) m R. f. coloradensis (Elko Co., NV) n R. f. cinderella (Ventura Co., CA) o, p R. f. coloradensis – frater intermediates (Chelan Co., WA) q R. f. elbea (Cochise Co., AZ) r R. f. elbea (San Juan Co., UT) s R. f. elbea (Santa Cruz Co., AZ). All specimens are males.
context_page_description: The Bröther is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Nova Scotia west, across the forested regions of Canada to British Columbia, south to Mississippi in the east. The southern limits in the west are uncertain due to confusion with several closely related species or forms.
  The wingspan is 33–38 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July depending on the location. There is one generation per year.
  The larvae mainly feed on aspen, but have also been recorded from alder, birch, cottonwood and willow.
context_section_description: The Bröther (Raphia frater) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from Nova Scotia west, across the forested regions of Canada to British Columbia, south to Mississippi in the east. The southern limits in the west are uncertain due to confusion with several closely related species or forms.
  The wingspan is 33–38 mm. Adults are on wing from May to July depending on the location. There is one generation per year.
  The larvae mainly feed on aspen, but have also been recorded from alder, birch, cottonwood and willow.
caption: Geographic distribution and phenotypic variation of Raphia frater subspecies: green – subsp. piazzi; pink – subsp. abrupta; black – subsp. frater; blue – subsp. coloradensis; yellow – subsp. cinderella. Multi-coloured circles indicate transitional populations and/or phenotypically intermediate specimens between respective subspecies. a R. f. piazzi; b R. f. abrupta; c R. f. abrupta; d R. f. abrupta; e R. f. abrupta; f, g R. f. frater; h R. f. abrupta – frater intermediate i R. f. abrupta – frater – coloradensis intermediate from highly variable population in Cherry Co., NE; j R. f. coloradensis; k R. f. coloradensis; l R. f. coloradensis; m R. f. coloradensis; n R. f. cinderella; o, p R. f. coloradensis – frater intermediates; q R. f. elbea; r R. f. elbea; s R. f. elbea. All specimens are males
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