page_title: Battle of Hubbardton
section_title: Attack
hierarchical_section_title: Battle of Hubbardton / Attack
caption_attribution_description: English: This is a map depicting the action of the the 1777 Battle of Hubbardton drawn by a British officer after the battle. The caption reads: Plan of the action at Huberton&#160;: under Brigadier Genl. Frazer, supported by Major Genl. Reidesel, on the 7th July 1777 / drawn by P. Gerlach, Deputy Quarter Master General; engraved by Wm. Faden.
context_page_description: The Battle of Hubbardton was an engagement in the Saratoga campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought in the village of Hubbardton, Vermont. Vermont was then a disputed territory sometimes called the New Hampshire Grants, claimed by New York, New Hampshire, and the newly organized and not yet recognized but de facto independent government of Vermont. On the morning of July 7, 1777, British forces, under General Simon Fraser, caught up with the American rear guard of the forces retreating after the withdrawal from Fort Ticonderoga. It was the only battle in Vermont during the revolution.
  The American retreat from Fort Ticonderoga began late on July 5 after British cannons were seen on top of high ground, Mount Defiance that commanded the fort. The bulk of General Arthur St. Clair's army retreated through Hubbardton to Castleton, while the rear guard, commanded by Seth Warner, stopped at Hubbardton to rest and pick up stragglers.
  General Fraser, alerted to the American withdrawal early on July 6, immediately set out in pursuit, leaving a message for General John Burgoyne to send reinforcements as quickly as possible.
context_section_description: Fraser's men were up at 3 am, but did not make good time due to the darkness.  Riedesel left his camp at 3 am with a picked group of men, and was still behind Fraser when the latter arrived at Hubbardton near dawn and very nearly surprised elements of Hale's regiment, which were scattered in the early fighting.  A messenger had arrived from General St. Clair delivering news that the British had reached Skenesboro, where the elements of the retreating army had planned to regroup, and that a more circuitous route to the Hudson River was now required.  St. Clair's instructions were to follow him immediately to Rutland.  Francis' men had formed a column to march out around 7:15 when the British vanguard began cresting the hill behind them.  Rapidly reforming into a line behind some cover, the Massachusetts men unleashed a withering volley of fire at the winded British.  General Fraser took stock of the situation, and decided to send a detachment around to flank the American left, at the risk of exposing his own left, which he hoped would hold until Riedesel arrived.  Riedesel reached the top of another hill, where he observed that the American line, now including parts of Hale's regiment, was in fact pressing on Fraser's left.  He therefore sent his grenadiers to support Fraser's flank and directed the jägers against the American center.
  At some point early in the conflict, St. Clair was made aware of the gunfire off in the distance.  He immediately dispatched Henry Brockholst Livingston and Isaac Dunn to send the militia camped closest to Hubbardton down the road in support of the action.  When they reached the area of those camps they found those militia companies in full retreat away from the gunfire in the distance, and no amount of persuasion could convince the men to turn around.  Livingston and Dunn continued riding toward Hubbardton.
  Falling back to a secure position on Monument Hill, the Americans repulsed several vigorous British assaults, although Colonel Francis was hit in the arm by a shot.  He soldiered on, directing troops to a perceived weakness on Fraser's left.  The tide of the battle turned when, after more than an hour of battle, Riedesel's grenadiers arrived. These disciplined forces entered the fray singing hymns to the accompaniment of a military band to make them appear more numerous than they actually were.  The American flanks were turned, and they were forced to make a desperate race across an open field to avoid being enveloped.  Colonel Francis fell in a volley of musket fire as the troops raced away from the advancing British and scattered into the countryside.
caption: Engraving of a map drawn by a British officer after the battle
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