page_title: 19th century
section_title: Significant people
hierarchical_section_title: 19th century / Significant people
caption_attribution_description: English: Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States. Latviešu: Abrahams Linkolns, sešpadsmitais ASV prezidents. Српски / srpski: Абрахам Линколн, шеснаести председник Сједињених Америчких Држава. Deutsch: Abraham Lincoln, der 16. President der USA.
context_page_description: The 19th century was a century that began on January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900.
  The 19th century saw large amounts of social change; slavery was abolished, and the First and Second Industrial Revolutions led to massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit and prosperity. The Islamic gunpowder empires were formally dissolved and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia and almost all of Africa under colonial rule.
  It was marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Zulu Kingdom, First French, Holy Roman and Mughal empires. This paved the way for the growing influence of the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the United States, the German Empire, the Second French Empire, the Kingdom of Italy and Meiji Japan, with the British boasting unchallenged dominance after 1815. After the defeat of the French Empire, and its Indian allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the British and Russian empires expanded greatly, becoming the world's leading powers. The Russian Empire expanded in the Caucasus, central and far eastern Asia.
context_section_description: Charles Alderton, creator of Dr Pepper
  Frederick Douglass, Abolitionist, statesman, orator, newspaper editor, United States Minister Resident to Haiti
  Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, King of Poland
  Clara Barton, nurse, pioneer of the American Red Cross
  Sitting Bull, a leader of the Lakota
  Bahadur Shah Zafar, last mughal emperor and leader of 1857 mutiny.
  Toussaint Louverture, Revolutionary and military leader, central figure of the Haitian Revolution
  John Burroughs, Naturalist, conservationist, writer
  Benito Juárez, Mexican President
  Shaka kaSenzangakhona, Monarch of the Zulu Kingdom
  Davy Crockett, King of the wild frontier, folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician
  Jefferson Davis, Confederate States President
  Harriet Tubman, abolitionist and political activist.
  William Gilbert Grace, English cricketer
  Emilio Aguinaldo, A Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader
  Baron Haussmann, civic planner
  John Brown (abolitionist),
  Franz Joseph I of Austria, Emperor of Austria and brother of Mexican Emperor
  Chief Joseph, a leader of the Nez Percé
  Kamehameha I, founder of the Kingdom of Hawaii died in May 1819
  Ned Kelly, Australian folk hero, and outlaw
  Elizabeth Kenny, Australian Nurse and found an Innovative Treatment of Polio
  Sándor Kőrösi Csoma, explorer of the Tibetan culture
  Abraham Lincoln, United States President
  Fitz Hugh Ludlow, writer and explorer
  William McKinley, 25th U.S. President
  John Muir, Naturalist, writer, preservationist
  Florence Nightingale, nursing pioneer
  Nat Turner, Slave rebellion leader
  Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of the Sikh Empire
  Napoleon I, First Consul and Emperor of the French
  Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish political leader
  Commodore Perry, U.S. Naval commander, opened the door to Japan
  José Rizal, Filipino polymath, physician, nationalist, novelist, poet, liberator
  Sacagawea, Important aide to the Lewis and Clark Expedition
  Giuseppe Garibaldi, was an Italian general and politician, a central figure in the Italian Risorgimento
  Ignaz Semmelweis, proponent of hygienic practices
  Dr. John Snow, the founder of epidemiology
  F R Spofforth, Australian cricketer
  Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom
  King Victor Emmanuel II, first King of Italy
  William Wilberforce, Abolitionist, Philanthropist
  Hong Xiuquan inspired China's Taiping Rebellion, perhaps the bloodiest civil war in human history
  Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto, promoted the abolition of capitalism through international revolution.
  Nikola Karev commander and leader of the Ilinden Uprising in Ottoman-Macedonia.
  Henry George, economist and author of Progress and Poverty, one of the most influential books of the 19th century in the United States
  Nabi Tajima, last verified surviving person born in the 19th century, died in 2018.
caption: Abraham Lincoln in 1863, 16th President of the United States, presided during the American Civil War, assassinated in April 1865
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