page_title: Methylphenidate
section_title: Extended-release
hierarchical_section_title: Methylphenidate / Society and culture / Available forms / Extended-release
caption_attribution_description: English: Concerta material structural formula differed from other drugs also out of Methylphenidate.
context_page_description: Methylphenidate, sold under the trade name Ritalin among others, is a stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. It is a first line medication for ADHD. It may be taken by mouth or applied to the skin, and different formulations have varying durations of effect.
  Common side effects of methylphenidate include difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, anxiety, and weight loss. More serious side effects may include psychosis, allergic reactions, prolonged erections, substance abuse, and heart problems. Methylphenidate is believed to work by blocking dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake by neurons. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant of the phenethylamine and piperidine classes.
  Methylphenidate was first made in 1944 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It was originally sold by Swiss company CIBA, now Novartis Corporation. It is estimated that in 2013, 2.4 billion doses of methylphenidate were taken worldwide. In 2017, it was the 47th-most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16 million prescriptions. It is available as a generic medication.
context_section_description: Extended-release methylphenidate products include:
  Concerta tablets are marked with the letters "ALZA" and followed by: "18", "27", "36", or "54", relating to the mg dosage strength. Approximately 22% of the dose is immediate release, and the remaining 78% of the dose is released over 10–12 hours post ingestion, with an initial increase over the first 6 to 7 hours, and subsequent decline in released drug.
  Ritalin LA capsules are marked with the letters "NVR" (abbrev.: Novartis) and followed by: "R20", "R30", or "R40", depending on the (mg) dosage strength. Ritalin LA provides two standard doses – half the total dose being released immediately and the other half released four hours later. In total, each capsule is effective for about eight hours.
  Metadate CD capsules contain two types of beads; 30% are immediate release, and the other 70% are evenly sustained release.
  Quillivant XR is an extended-release oral suspension (after reconstitution with water): 25 mg per 5 mL (5 mg per mL). It was designed and is patented and made by Pfizer. The medication comes in various sizes from 60ml to 180ml (after reconstitution). Each bottle is shipped with the medication in powder form containing roughly 20% instant-release and 80% extended-release methylphenidate, to which water must be added by the pharmacist in an amount corresponding with the total intended volume of the bottle. The bottle must be shaken vigorously for ten seconds prior to administration via included oral syringe to ensure proper ratio.
caption: Structural formula for the substance inside Concerta tablet. Following administration of CONCERTA®, plasma concentrations of the l-isomer were approximately 1/40 the plasma concentrations of the d-isomer.[144]
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