page_title: Esperanto
section_title: Official use
hierarchical_section_title: Esperanto / Official use
caption_attribution_description: Čeština&#58; Schématická mapa Neutrálního Moresnetu a okolí. Legenda: 1. cs:Nizozemí (od roku cs:1830)*, cs:provincie Limburg 2. cs:Belgie (od roku 1830)*, provincie Licge 3. Neutrální Moresnet (cs:1816 &#8211; cs:1919) 4. cs:Prusko, provincie cs:Porýní a. holandsko-belgická hranice (od roku cs:1843)* b. cesta z cs:Aachenu do cs:Licge c. současná německo-belgická hranice (od roku cs:1919)# (*) Území (1) a (2) byla v letech cs:1815 &#8211; cs:1830 sjednocena jako cs:Spojené království nizozemské. V roce cs:1830 se Belgie odtrhla, zbytek původního království je od roku cs:1839 znám jako Holandsko. Hranice mezi oběma zeměmi byly formálně stanoveny v roce cs:1843. (#) V roce 1919, obdržela Belgie dvoujazyčný Moresnet a část německy a fracouzsky mluvících Východních kantonů jako kompenzaci škod, které utrpěla v 1. světové válce. Od té doby jsou všechna území (2), (3) a (4 západně od c) částí Belgie, s výjimkou krátkého období za 2. světové války, kdy byly Moresnet a Východní kantony obsazeny Německem.English&#58; Schematic map of the location and surroundings of Neutral Moresnet. Features: 1. The Netherlands (as of 1830)*, province of Limburg 2. Belgium (as of 1830)*, province of Liège 3. Neutral Moresnet (1816&#8211;1919) 4. Prussia, Rhine Province a. The Dutch-Belgian border (as of 1843)* b. The Aachen&#8211;Liège road c. The present-day German-Belgian border (as of 1919)# (*) Territories (1) and (2) were joined from 1815 until 1830 as the united Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1830, Belgium seceded, which was acknowledged by the Dutch in 1839. The border between the two countries was formally determined in 1843. (#) In 1919, Belgium received bilingual Moresnet and the part-Germanophone, part-Francophone East Cantons as compensation for damages incurred in World War I. Since then, all territories marked (2), (3) and (4 west of c) have been part of Belgium, except for a brief period in World War II when Germany (re-)annexed Moresnet and the East Cantons. The map was hand-drawn by Arjan de Weerd, who releases it into the public domain, provided he is credited whenever the image is (re)used.Español&#58; Mapa esquematizado de la ubicación y entorno de Moresnet Neutral. Leyenda: 1. Países Bajos (fronteras de 1830)*, provincia de Limburg 2. Bélgica (fronteras de 1830)*, provincia de Lieja 3. Moresnet Neutral (1816&#8211;1919) 4. Prusia, Provincia del Rin a. La frontera entre los Países Bajos y Bélgica (1843)* b. La vía Aquisgrán&#8211;Lieja c. Frontera germano-belga (1919)# (*) Territorios (1) y (2) estuvieron unidos entre 1815 y 1830 como el Reino Unido de los Países Bajos. En 1830, Bélgica se separó, siendo reconocida la separación por holanda en 1839. La frontera entre los dos países fue formalmente determinada en 1843. (#) En 1919, Bélgica recibió el territorio bilingüe de Moresnet y los cantones del este, de habla en parte alemana y en parte francesa, como compensación por los daños sufridos durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Desde entonces, los territorios marcados como (2), (3) y (4 oeste de c) han formado parte de Bélgica, excepto por un breve período durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial cuando Alemania re-anexó Moresnet y los cantones del este.Français&#58; Carte schématique du micro-état de Moresnet 1. Les Pays-Bas (frontière de 1830)*, Province de Limburg 2. Belgique (à partir de 1830)*, province de Liège 3. Moresnet (1816&#8211;1919) 4. Prusse, Rhénanie-Palatinat a. La frontière Pays-bas/Belgique (en 1843)* b. La route reliant Aix-la-Chapelle à Liège c. La frontière actuelle Allemagne-Belgique (à partir de 1919)# *Les territoires (1) et (2) appartenaient tout deux, de 1815 à 1830, au Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas. En 1830, la Belgique prit son indépendance, qui fut reconnue par les Pays-Bas en 1839. La frontière entre les deux pays fut officialisée en 1843. #En 1919, La Belgique reçut les parties bilingue, germanophone et francophone de Moresnet à titre de compensation pour les dommages subis durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Depuis, les territoires (2), (3) et (4 à l'ouest de c) firent partie de la Belgique, sauf durant une courte période pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale quand l'Allemagne réannexa Moresnet.Italiano&#58; Carta schematica della micronazione di Moresnet 1. I Paesi Bassi (frontieri del 1830)*, Provincia del Limburgo 2. Belgio (indipendente dai Paesi Bassi nel 1830)*, 3. Moresnet (1816&#8211;1919) 4. Prussia (dal 1871 Impero Tedesco), Renania a. Frontiera Paesi Bassi/Belgio (nel 1843)* b. La strada Aquisgrana-Liegi c. La frontiera attuale tra Germania e Belgio (a partire dal 1919)# *I territori (1) e (2) appartenevano entrambi dal 1815 al 1830, ai Paesi Bassi. Nel 1830, il Belgio divenne indipendente, ma fu riconosciuto indipendente dai Paesi Bassi solo nel 1839. La frontiera tra i due paesi fu fissata nel 1843. #Nel 1919, il Belgio ricevette Moresnet e il Cantone dell'Est come risarcimento dalla Germania alla fine della Prima Guerra Mondiale. I territori (2), (3) e (4 a ovest di c) hanno fatto da quella data sempre parte del Belgio, salvo dal 1940 al 1944 quando durante la Seconda Guerra mondiale furono annessi alla Germania Nazista.
context_page_description: Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. It was created by Polish ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887. Zamenhof first described the language in The International Language, which he published in five languages under the pseudonym "Doktoro Esperanto". The word esperanto translates into English as "one who hopes".
  Zamenhof's goal was to create an easy and flexible language that would serve as a universal second language to foster world peace and international understanding, and to build a "community of speakers", as he believed that one could not have a language without such a community.
  His original title for the language was simply "the international language", but early speakers grew fond of the name Esperanto and began to use it as the name for the language just two years after its creation. The name quickly gained prominence and has been used as an official name ever since.
  In 1905, Zamenhof published Fundamento de Esperanto as a definitive guide to the language. Later that year, French Esperantists organized with his participation the first World Esperanto Congress, an ongoing annual conference, in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
context_section_description: Esperanto has not been a secondary official language of any recognized country, but it entered the education system of several countries such as Hungary and China.
  There were plans at the beginning of the 20th century to establish Neutral Moresnet, in central-western Europe, as the world's first Esperanto state. In addition, the self-proclaimed artificial island micronation of Rose Island, near Italy in the Adriatic Sea, used Esperanto as its official language in 1968, and another micronation, the extant Republic of Molossia, near Dayton, Nevada, uses Esperanto as an official language alongside English.
  The Chinese government has used Esperanto since 2001 for daily news on china.org.cn. China also uses Esperanto in China Radio International and for the internet magazine El Popola Ĉinio.
  The Vatican Radio has an Esperanto version of its website.
  The US Army has published military phrase books in Esperanto, to be used from the 1950s until the 1970s in war games by mock enemy forces. A field reference manual, FM 30-101-1 Feb. 1962, contained the grammar, English-Esperanto-English dictionary, and common phrases.
  Esperanto is the working language of several non-profit international organizations such as the Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, a left-wing cultural association which had 724 members in over 85 countries in 2006. There is also Education@Internet, which has developed from an Esperanto organization; most others are specifically Esperanto organizations. The largest of these, the Universal Esperanto Association, has an official consultative relationship with the United Nations and UNESCO, which recognized Esperanto as a medium for international understanding in 1954. The World Esperanto Association collaborated in 2017 with UNESCO to deliver an Esperanto translation of its magazine UNESCO Courier (Unesko Kuriero en Esperanto).
  Esperanto is also the first language of teaching and administration of the International Academy of Sciences San Marino.
  The League of Nations made attempts to promote teaching Esperanto in member countries, but the resolutions were defeated mainly by French delegates who did not feel there was a need for it.
  In the summer of 1924, the American Radio Relay League adopted Esperanto as its official international auxiliary language, and hoped that the language would be used by radio amateurs in international communications, but its actual use for radio communications was negligible.
  All the personal documents sold by the World Service Authority, including the World Passport, are written in Esperanto, together with English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, and Chinese.
caption: Location of Moresnet
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