page_title: Loch Ryan
section_title: Location and geography
hierarchical_section_title: Loch Ryan / Location and geography
caption_attribution_description: Map of Loch Ryan basin, Scotland
context_page_description: Loch Ryan is a Scottish sea loch that acts as an important natural harbour for shipping, providing calm waters for ferries operating between Scotland and Northern Ireland. The town of Stranraer is the largest settlement on its shores, with ferries to and from Northern Ireland operating from Cairnryan further north on the loch.
context_section_description: Loch Ryan is orientated on a north-south axis, its mouth looking northward into the North Atlantic and Firth of Clyde, and the town of Stranraer sitting on its southern shores.  The loch is bounded by the Rhins of Galloway peninsula on its western side and the Scottish landmass in the east (comprising Galloway and South Ayrshire), the northern points of the loch are Milleur Point and Finnarts Point.  The loch itself is about 8 miles (13 km) long from north to south, and about 3 miles (4.8 km) wide at its widest point.  Nearby roads include the A77 in the east and the A718 in the west.
  The Loch Ryan basin as it is seen today formed as a result of geological and glacial activity.  The first period of activity occurred during the Paleozoic era, with two periods of change.  Firstly, during the Devonian period (360 to 416 million years ago) the land in the area underwent a series of shearing events which considerably altered its shape, forming a basin.  Then, during the Permian period (250 to 300 million years ago) this basin filled up with sediments which were compacted to form soft sandstones.  At this point in time the area would have been positioned around the equator and would form part of the Pangaea supercontinent.  The second period of activity was as a result of the numerous glacial episodes during the Quaternary period, from 2 million years ago up until the last glaciers retreated 10,000 years ago.
    As all of northern Europe experienced numerous Ice ages, glacier formation created ice flows and Ice sheets.  The erosive force of the ice moved across the land, removing the soft sandstone and leaving behind the harder rocks.  When the ice sheet melted with the rising temperatures 10,000 years ago the basin was uncovered and was flooded by the sea, forming the loch that is seen today.
  Since the end of the last ice-age the sea has continued to change the loch by erosion and deposition.  The loch has a sandbank on its western shores called 'the Scar'.  This bank, just south of the village of Kirkcolm, is an important breeding ground for terns.
caption: Map of Loch Ryan
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