page_title: Demography of the Roman Empire
hierarchical_section_title: Demography of the Roman Empire
caption_attribution_description: English: The Roman Empire (red) and its clients (pink) in 117 AD during the reign of emperor Trajan. Français&#160;: L'Empire romain (rouge) et ses clients (rose) en 117 après. J.-C. pendant le règne de l’empereur Trajan. Italiano: Impero Romano (rosso) e i suoi clienti (rosa) nel 117 d.c. durante il regno dell'imperatore Traiano.
context_page_description: Demographically, the Roman Empire was an ordinary premodern state. It had high infant mortality, a low marriage age, and high fertility within marriage. Perhaps half of Roman subjects died by the age of 5. Of those still alive at age 10, half would die by the age of 50.
  At its peak, after the Antonine Plague of the 160s CE, it had a population of about 60–70 million and a population density of about 16 people per square kilometer. In contrast to the European societies of the classical and medieval periods, Rome had unusually high urbanization rates. During the 2nd century CE, the city of Rome had more than one million inhabitants. No Western city would have as many again until the 19th century.
context_section_description: Demographically, the Roman Empire was an ordinary premodern state. It had high infant mortality, a low marriage age, and high fertility within marriage. Perhaps half of Roman subjects died by the age of 5. Of those still alive at age 10, half would die by the age of 50.
  At its peak, after  the Antonine Plague of the 160s CE, it had a population of about 60–70 million and a population density of about 16 people per square kilometer. In contrast to the European societies of the classical and medieval periods, Rome had unusually high urbanization rates. During the 2nd century CE, the city of Rome had more than one million inhabitants. No Western city would have as many again until the 19th century.
caption: The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, in the reign of Trajan, 117 CE
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