page_title: Cali
section_title: Modernism
hierarchical_section_title: Cali / History / Modernism
caption_attribution_description: Español: En esta carta figura, en color rojo, la urbanización de Cali, tal como fue en los años de 1882 a 1884, cuando su población era de 14,000 a 15,000 habitantes y cuando no existían ni carreteras, ni vehículos, ni ferrocarriles, efectuando los recorridos a caballo o en mulas por los caminos, de color amarillo, transformados en carreteras después. En puntado negro figura lo construido después, y con letreros rojos los barrios urbanizados posteriormente. Esta carta del Cali viejo, construida y dibujada por el suscrito, la obsequio a mi hija Leonor C. de Campo. Mario de Caicedo L. Mayo de 1942
context_page_description: Santiago de Cali, or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an 2,227,642 residents according to the 2018 census. The city spans 560.3 km² with 120.9 km² of urban area, making Cali the second-largest city in the country by area and the third most populous. As the only major Colombian city with access to the Pacific Coast, Cali is the main urban and economic center in the south of the country, and has one of Colombia's fastest-growing economies. The city was founded on 25 July 1536 by the Spanish explorer Sebastián de Belalcázar.
  Cali is also a center for sports in Colombia, and is the only Colombian city to have hosted the Pan American Games. It hosted the 1992 World Wrestling Championships, the ninth edition of the World Games in 2013, the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in 2014 and the World Youth Championships in Athletics in 2015. The city is to host the first ever Junior Pan American Games in 2021.
context_section_description: In the 19th century Cali, capital of the Valley of the Cauca department, was a quiet community with no more than 20,000 inhabitants. The urban center of the city was around the neighborhoods of Altozano and San Antonio.
  Outside the city there were mango plantations, pastures and communal land that were transferred from the Spanish Crown to the working classes. From the market gardens on this land the city was supplied with food. The economy centered around livestock, sugar cane, panela (jaggery; a sugar derivative), cheese and gold mined in the Pacific. There was also a growing industrial and financial sector.
  Jewish entrepreneurs came during the 18th and 19th centuries and achieved prominent positions in the city. Some married local women and felt they had to diminish or abandon their identity. These included the De Lima, Salazar, Espinoza, Arias, Ramirez, Perez and Lobo families from the Caribbean, as well as the author Jorge Isaacs of English Jewish ancestry, and the industrialist James Martin Eder (who adopted the more Christian name of Santiago Eder when he translated his name to Spanish) born into the Latvian Jewish community. Over the generations most of their descendants were raised as secular Christians.
  Around 1890 the Company of Public Works of Cauca, a private venture, built the market plaza. This spurred commercial development and it transformed into the Plaza Mayor or Plaza de Caycedo. In 1921, the market was sold to the Cali municipality. Very close to the 9th street was the principal station of the tranvia of Cali, a system of public transportation that linked the city with suburban areas.
caption: Map of Cali in about 1882–1884, Spanish edition.
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