page_title: Future of Earth
section_title: Post-red giant stage
hierarchical_section_title: Future of Earth / Solar evolution / Post-red giant stage
caption_attribution_description: العربية: سديم هيليكس: هالةٌ غازيَّةٌ لفظها نجمٌ يحتضر عن الجُرم التسمية: سديم هيليكس، أو NGC 7293 وصف الجرم: سديم كوكبي الموضع (J2000): R.A. 22س 29د 48.20ث Dec. -20° 49' 26.0" الكوكبة: الدلو البُعد: حوالي 690 سنة ضوئيَّة(213 فرسخ فلكي) الأبعاد: يبلغ عرض هذه الصُورة حوالي 28.7 دقيقة قوسيَّة (5.6 سنوات ضوئيَّة أو 1.7 فراسخ فلكيَّة). عن البيانات الأدوات: ACS/WFC المُتمركزة على مقراب هابل الفضائي وكاميرا موزايك 2 المُتموضعة على مقراب مرصد كرو تولولو فترة التعرُّض: 4.5 ساعات وعشر دقائق المُرشحات: F502N ([O III]) وF658N (Ha) (بالنسبة لمقراب هابل)؛ c6009 (أتس ألفا) وkc6014 ([O III]) بالنسبة لِمقراب مرصد كرو تولولو خصائص الصُورة مُمركزة على خلفيَّةٍ بيضاء مُصغرة ومقصوصة قُلِّصت أبعادها حتَّى 3200x3200 محفوظة بِصيغة jpg، النوعيَّة 8/10، 5 scans خيطت عُيُوبها يدويًّا English: The Helix Nebula: a Gaseous Envelope Expelled By a Dying Star About the Object Object Name: Helix Nebula, NGC 7293 or "The Eye of God" Object Description: Planetary Nebula Position (J2000): R.A. 22h 29m 48.20s Dec. -20° 49' 26.0" Constellation: Aquarius Distance: About 690 light-years (213 parsecs) Dimensions: The image is roughly 28.7 arcminutes (5.6 light-years or 1.7 parsecs) across. About the Data Instruments: ACS/WFC on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Mosaic II Camera on CTIO 4m telescope Exposure Time: 4.5 hours (HST) and 10 minutes (CTIO) Filters: F502N ([O III]) and F658N (Ha) (for the HST); c6009 (H alpha)and kc6014 ([O III]) for the CTIO Image properties Centered on white dwarfed and cropped Downsampled to 3200x3200 Saved as jpg, quality 8/10, 5 scans Stitching errors manually fixed Français&#160;: La Nébuleuse de l'hélice: Une enveloppe gazeuse éjectée par une étoile moribonde. l'Objet Nom: Nébuleuse de l'hélice, NGC 7293 Description: Nébuleuse planétaire Position (J2000): R.A. 22h 29m 48,20s Dec. -20° 49' 26,0" Constellation: Poissons Distance: 690 années lumières (213 parsecs) environ. Dimensions: L'image fait 28.7 minutes d'arc de largeur, soit environ 5,6 années lumière (1,7 parsec). Acquisition des données Instruments: ACS/WFC sur le Télescope Spatial Hubble (HST), Caméra Mosaic II sur le télescope de 4m du CTIO. Exposition: 4h 30 (HST) 10 minutes (CTIO) Filtres: HST: F502N ([O III]), F658N (Ha); CTIO: c6009 (H alpha), kc6014 ([O III]). L'image Centré sur la naine blanche et recoupé Réduite à 3200x3200 px Compressée jpg, qualité 8/10, 5 scans bordures ajustées manuellement Español: La nebulosa de la hélice: Un sobre gaseoso expedido por una estrella muerta Acerca del objeto Nombre del objeto: Nebulosa de la hélice, NGC 7293 o "El ojo de Dios" Descripción del objeto: Nebulosa planetaria Pasición (J2000): R.A. 22h 29m 48.20s Dec. -20° 49' 26.0" Constelación: Acuario Distancia: Cerca de 690 años luz(213 parsecs) Dimensiones: La imagen es de cerca de 28.7 minutos de largo de arco (5.6 años luz o 1.7 parsecs). Acerca de los datos Instrumentos: ACS/WFC en el Telescopio Espacial Hubble (HST por sus siglas en inglés), Cámara Mosaic II en el telescopio de 4m de CTIO Tiempo de exposición: 4.5 horas (HST) ,10 minutos (CTIO) Filtros&#160;: F502N ([O III]) y F658N (Ha) (para el HST); c6009 (H alfa)y kc6014 ([O III]) para el CTIO Propiedades de la imagen Centrada en la enana blanca Reducida ato 3200x3200 Guardado como jpg, calidad 8/10, 5 scans Errores de borde corregidos manualmente
context_page_description: The biological and geological future of Earth can be extrapolated based upon the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at Earth's surface, the rate of cooling of the planet's interior, the gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity. An uncertain factor in this extrapolation is the continuous influence of technology introduced by humans, such as climate engineering, which could cause significant changes to the planet. The current Holocene extinction is being caused by technology and the effects may last for up to five million years. In turn, technology may result in the extinction of humanity, leaving the planet to gradually return to a slower evolutionary pace resulting solely from long-term natural processes.
  Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years, random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere, which can result in mass extinctions. These include impacts by comets or asteroids, and the possibility of a massive stellar explosion, called a supernova, within a 100-light-year radius of the Sun.
context_section_description: After fusing helium in its core to carbon, the Sun will begin to collapse again, evolving into a compact white dwarf star after ejecting its outer atmosphere as a planetary nebula. The predicted final mass is 54.1% of the present value, most likely consisting primarily of carbon and oxygen.
  Currently, the Moon is moving away from Earth at a rate of 4 cm (1.5 inches) per year. In 50 billion years, if the Earth and Moon are not engulfed by the Sun, they will become tidelocked  into a larger, stable orbit, with each showing only one face to the other. Thereafter, the tidal action of the Sun will extract angular momentum from the system, causing the orbit of the Moon to decay and the Earth's spin to accelerate. In about 65 billion years, it is estimated that the Moon may end up colliding with the Earth, due to the remaining energy of the Earth–Moon system being sapped by the remnant Sun, causing the Moon to slowly move inwards toward the Earth.
  On a time scale of 10¹⁹ (10 quintillion) years the remaining planets in the Solar System will be ejected from the system by violent relaxation. If Earth is not destroyed by the expanding red giant Sun and the Earth is not ejected from the Solar System by violent relaxation, the ultimate fate of the planet will be that it collides with the black dwarf Sun due to the decay of its orbit via gravitational radiation, in 10²⁰ (Short Scale: 100 quintillion, Long Scale: 100 trillion) years.
caption: The Helix nebula, a planetary nebula similar to what the Sun will produce in 8 billion years
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "6145", "Image ImageLength": "6623", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image Compression": "LZW", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image ImageDescription": "IDL TIFF file", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "100", "Image YResolution": "100", "Image PlanarConfiguration": "1", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CC 2015.5 (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2019:08:26 21:55:56", "Image ExifOffset": "288", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "426", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "3618", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "6145", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "6623"}