page_title: Nickolas Muray
section_title: Art career
hierarchical_section_title: Nickolas Muray / Art career
caption_attribution_description: Accession Number: 1971:0034:0015 Maker: Nickolas Muray (American 1892-1965) Title: "LUCKY STRIKE, GIRL IN RED" Date: 1936 Medium: "color print, assembly (Carbro) process" Dimensions: Dimensions Unknown George Eastman House Collection General &#8211; information about the George Eastman House Photography Collection is available at http://www.eastmanhouse.org/inc/collections/photography.php. For information on obtaining reproductions go to: www.eastmanhouse.org/flickr/index.php?pid=197100340015.
context_page_description: Nickolas Muray was a Hungarian-born American photographer and Olympic saber fencer.
context_section_description: In 1913, with the threat of war in Europe, Muray sailed to New York City, and was able to find work as a color printer in Brooklyn.
  By 1920, Muray had opened a portrait studio at his home in Greenwich Village, while still working at his union job as an engraver. In 1921 he received a commission from Harper's Bazaar to do a portrait of the Broadway actress Florence Reed; soon after he was having photographs published each month in Harper's Bazaar, and was able to give up his engraving job. In 1922 he also made a portrait of the dancer Desha Delteil.
  Muray quickly became recognized as an important portrait photographer, and his subjects included most of the celebrities of New York City. In 1926, Vanity Fair sent Muray to London, Paris, and Berlin to photograph celebrities, and in 1929 hired him to photograph movie stars in Hollywood. He also did fashion and advertising work. Muray's images were published in many other publications, including Vogue, Ladies' Home Journal, and The New York Times.
  Between 1920 and 1940, Muray made over 10,000 portraits. His 1938 portrait of Frida Kahlo, made while Kahlo sojourned in New York, attending her exhibit at the Julien Levy Gallery, became the best known and loved portrait made by Muray. Muray and Kahlo were at the height of a ten-year love affair in 1939 when the portrait was made. Their affair had started in 1931, after Muray was divorced from his second wife and shortly after Kahlo's marriage to Mexican muralist painter Diego Rivera. It outlived Muray's third marriage and Kahlo's divorce and remarriage to Rivera by one year, ending in 1941. Muray wanted to marry, but when it became apparent that Kahlo wanted Muray as a lover, not a husband, Muray took his leave for good and married his fourth wife, Peggy Muray.  He and Kahlo remained good friends until her death, in 1954.
  After the market crash, Muray turned away from celebrity and theatrical portraiture, and become a pioneering commercial photographer, famous for his creation of many of the conventions of color advertising. He was considered the master of the three-color carbro process. His last important public portraits were of Dwight David Eisenhower in the 1950s.
  During World War II, he taught photography at New York University.
caption: Girl in Red, 1936 advertising photo for Lucky Strike cigarettes
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