page_title: List of Russian scientists
section_title: Biologists and paleontologists
hierarchical_section_title: List of Russian scientists / Biologists and paleontologists
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Der deutsch-russische Naturforscher Leopold von Schrenck (1826-1894)
context_page_description: Karl Ernst von Baer, polymath naturalist, formulated the geological Baer's law on river erosion and embryological Baer's laws, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society
  Alexander Borodin, chemist and composer, author of the famous opera Prince Igor, discovered Borodin reaction, co-discovered Aldol reaction
  Alexander Chizhevsky, interdisciplinary scientist, biophysicist, philosopher and artist, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification, Russian cosmist
  Johann Gottlieb Georgi, naturalist, chemist, mineralogist, ethnographer and explorer, the first to describe omul fish of Baikal, published the first full-scale work on ethnography of indigenous peoples of Russia
context_section_description: Johann Friedrich Adam, discoverer of the Adams mammoth, the first complete woolly mammoth skeleton
  Karl Baer, naturalist, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, formulated embryological Baer's laws
  Jacques von Bedriaga, prominent herpetologist, described Bedriaga's rock lizard and Bedriaga's skink
  Dmitry Belyayev, domesticated silver fox
  Lev Berg, ichthyologist of Central Asia and European Russia
  Nikolai Bernstein, neurophysiologist, coined the term biomechanics
  Andrey Bolotov, major 18th-century agriculturist, discovered dichogamy, pioneered cross-pollination
  August von Bongard, botanist of Alaska, discoverer of Sitka spruce and red alder
  Alexander Bunge, major botanist of Siberia (especially Altai)
  Mikhail Chailakhyan, researcher of flowering, described the florigen hormone
  Sergei Chetverikov, pioneer of modern evolutionary synthesis
  Alexander Chizhevsky, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification
  Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermol'eva, biochemist, independently synthesized penicillin during World War II.
  Eduard Eversmann, biologist and explorer, pioneer researcher of flora and fauna of southern Russia
  Andrey Famintsyn, plant physiologist, inventor of grow lamp, developer of symbiogenesis theory
  Yuri Filipchenko, entomologist, coined the terms microevolution and macroevolution
  Nikolay Gamaleya, microbiologist and pioneer of Russian vaccine research
  Johann Georg Gmelin, the first researcher of Siberian flora
  Grigory Grum-Grshimailo, zoologist and geographer, obtained two Przewalski's horses and more than 1000 bird specimens from his travels in Central Asia
  Alexander Gurwitsch, originated the morphogenetic field theory and discovered the biophoton
  Ilya Ivanov, researcher of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals, involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid
  Dmitry Ivanovsky, discoverer of viruses
  Georgii Karpechenko, inventor of rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through crossbreeding)
  Nikolai Koltsov, discoverer of cytoskeleton
  Vladimir Komarov, plant geographer, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, founder of the Komarov Botanical Institute
  Alexander Kovalevsky, embryologist, major researcher of gastrulation
  Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist, and evolutionary biologist. First to support the theory of symbiogenesis with Darwinian evolution, and first director of The B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University.
  Trofim Lysenko, agronomist, developer of yarovization, infamous for lysenkoism
  Evgeny Maleev, discoverer of Talarurus, Tarbosaurus, and Therizinosaurus
  Carl Maximowicz, pioneer researcher of the Far Eastern flora
  Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis, coined the term gerontology, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
  Mikhail Menzbier, major ornithologist, discoverer of the Menzbier's marmot
  Konstantin Merezhkovsky, major lichenologist, developer of symbiogenesis theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theory
  Ivan Michurin, pomologist, selectionist and geneticist, practiced crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivars
  Alexander Middendorf, zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of permafrost on living beings, coined the term radula, prominent horse breeder
  Victor Motschulsky, prominent coleopterologist (researcher of beetles)
  Sergei Navashin, discovered double fertilization
  Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of Telomerase, suggested the Telomere hypothesis of aging and the Telomere relations to cancer
  Aleksandr Oparin, biologist and biochemist, proposed the "primordial soup" theory of life origin, showed that many food production processes are based on biocatalysis
  Heinz Christian Pander, embryologist, discoverer of germ layers
  Peter Simon Pallas, polymath naturalist and explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat, Pallas's squirrel, and Pallas's gull
  Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
  Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky, published the firs
caption: Schrenck
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