page_title: Putana (volcano)
section_title: Eruptive history
hierarchical_section_title: Putana (volcano) / Eruptive history
caption_attribution_description: English: Fumaroles on the summit and a solfatara in the crater of the Putana volcano. Chile - II Region. Deutsch: Fumarolen am Gipfel und ein Solfatara-Feld im Krater des Vulkan Putana. Chile, San Pedro de Atacama - II. Region.
context_page_description: Putana, sometimes referred to as Jorqencal or Machuca, is a volcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile and close to the Sairecabur volcanic complex. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its summit is 5,890 metres above sea level and contains a summit crater with two smaller craters nested within it. Beneath the summit, the volcano features a number of lava domes and lava flows, some of which originated in flank vents.
  While the occurrence of historical activity is unclear, the volcano features vigorous fumarolic activity that creates a large plume of gas above the summit. Sulfur deposited by the fumaroles has been mined.
context_section_description: The geologic history of Putana is unknown, due to the lack of detailed studies on the subject. The last eruption at Putana was reported from the late 19th century; one date given is 1810 with an uncertainty of 10 years and the eruption was described as a major one. Reports of an eruption on 2 July 1972 ± 182 days are uncertain, and other opinions say that there was no historical eruption there.
  Between late 2009 and early 2010, the volcano underwent an episode of deformation accompanied by earthquake swarms. Based on modelling, about 300,000 cubic metres (11,000,000 cu ft) of magma were intruded at a depth of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) during this episode, lifting the ground by about 4 centimetres (1.6 in) over a diameter of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Aside from this episode, Putana is seismically active, both in form of individual events, seismic swarms and triggered earthquakes; the 2010 Maule earthquake was accompanied by seismicity at Putana.
caption: View to the crater, with the in-crater and out-of-crater fumaroles visible
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