page_title: Saifuddin of Tidore
section_title: Formal rights to Papua
hierarchical_section_title: Saifuddin of Tidore / Formal rights to Papua
caption_attribution_description: English: The dark orange area is core realm of Sultanate of Tidore. The light orange area is vassal states of Sultanate of Tidore. The pale yellow is outer realm or independent states from TIdore. The red area is Sultanate of Ternate (under the control of VOC). Resources used to create the map: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAIlKNk_qHI https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Majapahit_Empire-sr.svg (21 juin 2007) Majapahit, Kompas Daily, Jakarta Indonesia Latif, Chalid; Irwin Lay , ed. (1997) Atlas Sejarah Indonesia dan Dunia (Historical Atlas of Indonesia and World), PT Pembina Peraga, Jakarta (en indonesian) IPS Terpadu (Sosiologi, Geografi, Ekonomi, Sejarah), PT Grafindo Media Pratama, p. 219 ISBN&#160;: 9789797583378. - Digital Atlas of Indonesian History (indonesianhistory.info) - Jejak Nusantara: Hikayat Moloku Kie Raha - Kepulauan Rempah-rempah (Perjalanan Sejarah Maluku Utara 1250-1950) - Pemberontakan Nuku: Persekutuan Lintas Budaya di Maluku-Papua Sekitar 1780-1810 - Ternate, The Residency and Its Sultanate (Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Residentie Ternate) - The World of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period - The Royal Ark - Wikipedia
context_page_description: Sultan Saifuddin, also known as Golofino was the eleventh Sultan of Tidore in Maluku islands. Reigning from 1657 to 1687, he left Tidore's old alliance with the Spanish Empire and made treaties with the Dutch East India Company, which now became hegemonic in Maluku for the next century. Tidore was forced to extirpate the clove trees in its territory and thus ceased to be a spice Sultanate. In spite of this, Saifuddin and his successors were able to preserve a degree of independence due to the trade in products from the Papuan Islands and New Guinea.
context_section_description: With the coming of a VOC-friendly Sultan, the Dutch found the time ripe to arrange a treaty between the three North Malukan Sultanates, Tidore, Ternate and Bacan in 1660. In theory, this ended the centuries-long rivalry between Tidore and Ternate, though it would soon reappear. In the treaty the vassals of the Sultans were laid down. Under Tidore were places at or adjacent to Halmahera, namely Toniu, Kayassa, Yodi, Sasi, Maidi, Waunua, Goroa, Toia, Weda, Maba, Saffora, and Morotai, as well as the lands of the Papuans, "or all their islands". The Dutch thus legally acknowledged Tidorese rule in the New Guinea quarters, though they had little concrete knowledge of conditions there. Not even Saifuddin himself seems to have had a very clear idea how far his territory in New Guinea extended. This was complemented by another treaty in 1667 that reaffirmed the close alliance with the VOC and granted the Tidorese the exclusive rights to sail to the waters of Papua.
  The Halmaheran and Papuan areas became economically important for Tidore, which had lost the sago-producing Payahe area in Halmahera in the war in 1649. This and other losses made Tidore look for supplies further to the east. There were sago-rich areas in Gamrange in south-eastern Halmahera, while the Papuan areas provided sea and forest products and slaves. Among the valuable items brought from the far east of Saifuddin's realm were decorous sea-shells, large pearls, ambergris and birds of paradise, all of which had a European market. Papuan raiders were widely feared in eastern Indonesia, and seem to have acted with the understanding Sultan Tidore, beyond the control of the VOC.
caption: Territories associated with Ternate (red) and Tidore (orange), and Tidore vassals (light orange), in the VOC era. The exact areas of influence shifted over the centuries.
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