page_title: Synanthedon myopaeformis
section_title: Enemies
hierarchical_section_title: Synanthedon myopaeformis / Enemies
caption_attribution_description: English: Beauveria bassiana on Ithominae larvae (Lepidoptera)
context_page_description: Synanthedon myopaeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae and the order Lepidoptera. In Europe it is known as the red-belted clearwing and in North America as the apple clearwing moth. The larvae create galleries under the bark of fruit trees, especially old trees with damaged trunks. During this process, the larvae cause significant damage to host trees. Particular attention has been paid to the damage they cause to apple trees. Their status as a pest of apple orchards has led to many research projects aimed at controlling populations of the moth. This moth is native to Europe, the Near East and North Africa. Recently, the moth was introduced into North America, being first detected in Canada in 2005. There are several organisms that threaten the larvae, including parasitoids, nematodes, and bacteria.
context_section_description: The parasitoid Liotryphan crassiseta is a significant cause of mortality in S. myopaeformis.Nematodes, Steinernema sp., are a threat to larvae, and larva mortality following exposure to the fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum is common. Bacteria are another threat to larvae. In 1999, Shehata, Nasr, and Tadros found that significantly fewer adults emerged from cocoons after larvae were exposed to the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis.
caption: Beauveria bassiana, a threat to the S. myopaeformis, seen growing on an Ithominae larva
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