page_title: Vectorcardiography
hierarchical_section_title: Vectorcardiography
caption_attribution_description: Beispiel eines Vektorkardiogramms mehrerer übereinandergezeichneter Pulsschläge. Grau=P-Schlinge, Blau=R-schlinge, Grün=T-Schlinge.
context_page_description: Vectorcardiography is a method of recording the magnitude and direction of the electrical forces that are generated by the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form curving lines around a central point.
  Vectorcardiography was developed by E. Frank in the mid 1950s. Since the human body is a three-dimensional structure, the basic idea is to construct three orthogonal leads containing all the electric information. The three leads are represented by right-left axis (X), head-to-feet axis and front-back axis.
  To calculate Frank's leads X, Y and Z using the standard leads system, the following expressions
  are used:
  X = -
  Y =
  Z = -
  There are different criteria how at to evaluate a vectorcardiogram created by various researchers. Grygoriy Risman presents these different methods, which were developed over half a century and offers an advanced approach called spatial vectorcardiometry. The original Russian thesis is filed in the Odessa Medical Academy.
context_section_description: Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a method of recording the magnitude and direction of the electrical forces that are generated by the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form curving lines around a central point.
  Vectorcardiography was developed by E. Frank in the mid 1950s. Since the human body is a three-dimensional structure, the basic idea is to construct three orthogonal leads containing all the electric information. The three leads are represented by right-left axis (X), head-to-feet axis (Y) and front-back (anteroposterior) axis (Z).
  To calculate Frank's leads X, Y and Z using the standard leads system, the following expressions
  are used:
  X = -(-0.172 V1 - 0.074 V2 + 0.122 V3 + 0.231 V4 + 0.239 V5 + 0.194 V6 + 0.156 DI - 0.010 DII) (1)
  Y = (0.057 V1 - 0.019 V2 - 0.106 V3 - 0.022 V4 + 0.041 V5 + 0.048 V6 - 0.227 DI + 0.887 DII) (2)
  Z = -(-0.229 V1 - 0.310 V2 - 0.246 V3 - 0.063 V4 + 0.055 V5 + 0.108 V6 + 0.022 DI + 0.102 DII) (3)
  There are different criteria how at to evaluate a vectorcardiogram created by various researchers. Grygoriy Risman presents these different methods, which were developed over half a century and offers an advanced approach called spatial vectorcardiometry (SVCM). The original Russian thesis is filed in the Odessa Medical Academy.
caption: Normal vectorcardiogram
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