page_title: Lorrin Andrews
section_title: First newspaper
hierarchical_section_title: Lorrin Andrews / Work / First newspaper
caption_attribution_description: Na Mokupuni O Hawaii Nei. Kulanui Lahainaluna Maui Maraki 9 1837. He 26 mau la ka hana ana. Na Kalama i kakau. Note: This is the first separate map of the Hawaiian Islands published in Hawaii. It was engraved and drawn by Kalama, one of the best student engravers at the Lahainaluna Mission School on Maui, who made the larger 1838 Map of the Hawaiian Islands, of which only two copies are known. This 1837 map probably served as a prototype for the 1838 map. It was the most detailed map yet published, showing many place names on the islands unfamiliar to Cook and Vancouver and not appearing on their maps, exceeded in detail only by the enlarged 1838 edition which added more place names. The first map produced by the press at Lahainaluna, under the guidance of Missionary Lorrin Andrews, was a world map in 1834, followed by five school atlas maps in 1836. In 1840 a small school atlas was completed, followed by a larger school atlas in 1840 and again in1842, primarily copied from Olney's School Atlas (see our #2430 for the 1837 Olney and P3259 and P4087 for "He Mau Palapala Aina A Me Na Niele E Pili Ana," the Hawaiian school atlases). This 1837 map is larger than the atlas maps and was issued as a separate. It is known in only three collections (and was unknown to Fitzpatrick) and is rare. Kalama went on to become one of the best surveyors in the islands. Outline color.[1]
context_page_description: Lorrin Andrews was an early American missionary to Hawaii and judge. He opened the first post-secondary school for Hawaiians called Lahainaluna Seminary, prepared a Hawaiian dictionary and several works on the literature and antiquities of the Hawaiians. His students published the first newspaper, and were involved in the first case of counterfeiting currency in Hawaii. He later served as a judge and became a member of Hawaii's first Supreme Court.
context_section_description: In December 1833, an old Ramage press was shipped from Honolulu and installed in a small thatched roof building on the school campus by January 1834. The manual flat-bed technology was not very different than that used by Benjamin Franklin almost 100 years earlier. The press had been sent along with printer Elisha Loomis (a distant cousin via his mother) on the first company of missionaries in 1820, and used to print a few hymnals and spelling books. Loomis had to return in 1827, probably bringing with him the word list Andrews had studied. The ministers had to take over managing the printing while training Hawaiians. Although Andrews had only worked briefly as an assistant in a printer's office, he taught classes in printing at Lahainaluna. Students learned how to set type, operate the old press, create copper engravings and bind books.
  On February 14, 1834 about 200 copies of the first Hawaiian newspaper were printed, a four-page weekly called Ka Lama Hawaiʻi (The Hawaiian Luminary).
  By February 1836, he published a list of about 5,700 words in the Hawaiian language that had been edited through the years (based on Elisha Loomis' work) using the press.
  In June 1836, the school changed from admitting only married adult men to a boarding school for children aged 10 to 20 years. He published the first Hawaiian grammar book in 1838.
  His students were to become authors and publishers of newspapers and books throughout Hawaii.
  In 1837 work began on a more substantial building called Hale Paʻi (printing house). It was made of stone, mortar made by burning coral, and timbers hauled to the site from the forests on the opposite side of the island.
  Starting in about 1835, the students compiled a classic collection of stories about ancient Hawaiian life and traditions titled Ka Moʻo o lelo Hawaii ("The Hawaiian Antiquities"). David Malo had served as court historian and genealogist during the formation of the kingdom, so is generally credited as the major source. Sheldon Dibble first organized a printing of the book in the Hawaiian language about 1838 (reprinted in Hawaiian in 2005).
  In 1858 more stories were added and a second Hawaiian edition was published. The book was translated  by Nathaniel Bright Emerson and published in English in 1898, and again in 1951 and 1987 editions. Andrews had his students write a history of Kamehameha I, but the manuscript has been lost.
  He left the mission in April 1842 because the board in New England continued to accept funds from slave owning states. This demonstration of his moral character would lead to his next career as a judge. He served as a seamen's chaplain at Lahaina, which had become a popular port for the whaling industry. He remained involved with publishing and in 1843 directed the printing some of the first paper currency issued in the Kingdom. Since the nation had no official currency of its own, it was based on the U.S. Dollar and called hoʻokahi dala. Five smaller paper denominations were also printed. By 1844 a student was expelled for counterfeiting, forcing all the paper money to be re-issued with secret marks.
caption: Na Mokupuni o Hawaii Nei, a map of the Hawaiian Islands published by his students in 1837
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