page_title: Pro Caelio
hierarchical_section_title: Pro Caelio
caption_attribution_description: English: Identifier: introductiontocl00lawt (find matches) Title: Introduction to classical Latin literature Year: 1904 (1900s) Authors: Lawton, William Cranston, 1853-1941 Subjects: Latin literature -- History and criticism Publisher: New York&#160;: C. Scribner's sons Contributing Library: University of California Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: MSN View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: Ainiovd AHvaan ivNOioBd NyaHinos on Text Appearing After Image: CICKKO.Antique bust in tlie Vatican. ^INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICALLATIN LITERATURE BY WILLIAM CRANSTON LAWTON PEOFESSOR OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATUREtN ADELPHI COLLEGE NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNERS SONS 1904 •^larit COPTKIGHT, 1904, BY CHARLES SCRIBNERS SONS • ••••*. . * * • • I • .,.,*..•.• •••• •• * • •• ••• • • •• •• «&#160;• •• •*• • •••••• «&#160;C «&#160;a * ^ . •. • • •• c * • . • • . . TROW DIRECTOHr PRINTINQ AND BOOKBINDtNO COMPANV MEW YORK T/A, L44- ^ J, H. S. /Dbost ©encrous of Colleagues wbo bas maDe tbfs book possible &lt;i^ . i i--m-^. CONTENTS £00K I THE REPUBLICAN AGE CHAPTBB PAGE fq I. Traces of Early Latin Poetry and Prose . . 13 pj II. The Transition to Hellenism ..... 21 * III. Age of the Scipios and Cato 28 o IV. Ennius 32 * V. Plautus 38 -• VI. Terence and his Friends 49 VII. Lost Works and Authors op the Republican Period 56 Chronological Tables 64 BOOK II THE CICERONIAN Aintroductiontocl00lawt Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
context_page_description: Pro Caelio is a speech given on April 4, 56 BC, by the famed Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero in defence of Marcus Caelius Rufus, who had once been Cicero's student but more recently was a political rival. Cicero's reasons for defending Caelius are uncertain, but various theories have been postulated.
  The speech is regarded as one of the best examples of Roman oratory known and has been so regarded throughout history. It is noteworthy as a prime example of Ciceronian oratorical technique.
  Caelius was charged with vis, one of the most serious crimes in Republican Rome. Caelius' prosecutors, Lucius Sempronius Atratinus, Publius Clodius, and Lucius Herennius Balbus, charged him with the following crimes:
  Inciting civil disturbances at Naples;
  assault on the Alexandrians at Puteoli;
  damage to the property of Palla;
  taking gold for the attempted murder of Dio of Alexandria, then attempted poisoning of Clodia; and
  the murder of Dio.
  Caelius spoke first in his own defense and asked Marcus Licinius Crassus to defend him during the trial. Cicero's speech was the last of the defense speeches. The magistrate Gnaeus Domitius presided over the trial.
context_section_description: Pro Caelio is a speech given on April 4, 56 BC, by the famed Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero in defence of Marcus Caelius Rufus, who had once been Cicero's student but more recently was a political rival. Cicero's reasons for defending Caelius are uncertain, but various theories have been postulated.
  The speech is regarded as one of the best examples of Roman oratory known and has been so regarded throughout history. It is noteworthy as a prime example of Ciceronian oratorical technique.
  Caelius was charged with vis (political violence), one of the most serious crimes in Republican Rome. Caelius' prosecutors, Lucius Sempronius Atratinus, Publius Clodius (it has been suggested to be Publius Clodius Pulcher, but it was more likely a freedman or relative), and Lucius Herennius Balbus, charged him with the following crimes:
  Inciting civil disturbances at Naples;
  assault on the Alexandrians at Puteoli;
  damage to the property of Palla (about which we know little to nothing);
  taking gold for the attempted murder of Dio of Alexandria, then attempted poisoning of Clodia; and
  the murder of Dio.
  Caelius spoke first in his own defense and asked Marcus Licinius Crassus to defend him during the trial. Cicero's speech was the last of the defense speeches. The magistrate Gnaeus Domitius presided over the trial.
caption: A bust of Cicero, depicted at the age of around 60
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