page_title: Battle of Toro
section_title: The Battle of Toro and modern Spain
hierarchical_section_title: Battle of Toro / The Battle of Toro and modern Spain
caption_attribution_description: English: An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999). Red - actual possessions Olive green - explorations Orange - areas of influence and trade Pink - claims of sovereignty Light green - trading posts Blue - main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence. Português: Mapa anacrónico do Império Português (1415-1999). Vermelho - possessões efetivas Verde Oliva - explorações Laranja - áreas de influência e comércio Rosa - reivindicações de soberania Verde claro - postos comerciais Azul - principais explorações marinhas, rotas e áreas de influência. Deutsch: Anachronistische Karte des Portugiesischen Weltreichs (1415-1999) Rot - tatsächliche Besitzungen Olive - Entdeckungen Orange - Einfluss- und Handelsgebiete Rosa - Besitzansprüche Grün - Handelsposten Blau - Hauptentdeckungen, Routen und Einflussgebiete zur See Español: Mapa anacrónico del imperio portugués (1415-1999). Rojo - posesiones reales Oliva - exploraciones Naranja - áreas de influencia y comercio Rosa - reclamaciones de soberanía Verde - puertos comerciales Azul - principales exploraciones marinas, rutas y áreas de influencia. Français&#160;: Carte anachronique de l'empire colonial portugais (1415-1999). Rouge - possessions réelles Olive - explorations Orange - aire d'influence et de commerce Rose - territoires revendiqués Vert - comptoirs commerciaux Bleu - principales explorations, routes commerciales et aires d'influence maritimes. Italiano: Carta anacronistica dell'Impero Portoghese (1415-1999). Rosso - possedimenti effettivi Verde Oliva - esplorazioni Arancione - aree d'influenza e commercio Rosa - territori rivendicati Verde - basi commerciali Blu - principali rotte commerciali, esplorazioni e aree d'influenza marittime. Galego: Mapa anacrónico do imperio portugués (1415-1999). Vermello - posesións actuais Oliva - exploracións Laranxa - áreas de influencia e comercio Rosa - reclamacións de soberanía Verde - portos comerciais Azul - principais exploracións mariñas, rutas e áreas de influencia. 한국어: 포르투갈 제국(1415-1999)의 연대를 무시한 영역 지도. 빨강 - 실제 점유 영역 진녹 - 탐사 지역 주황 - 교역과 영향이 있던 지역 분홍 - 통치권이 주장되었던 지역 초록 - 무역 거점 파랑 - 중요 탐사, 무역 및 영향력을 끼쳤던 해역. 中文: 时间交错的葡萄牙帝国（1415年-1999年）地图，红色代表实际占有领土，粉红色代表勘探地、贸易影响地区以及宣称占有的陆域，蓝色代表勘探海域、航海路线和影响力所及的海域（不包括有争议的澳大利亚的发现） Polski: Anachroniczna mapa Imperium Portugalskiego (1415-1999). Kolory: czerwony - faktyczne władanie oliwkowy - zasięg odkryć pomarańczowy - obszary wpływów i handlu różowy - roszczenia do suwerenności zielony - faktorie (ośrodki handlowe) niebieski - główne morskie obszary odkryć, tras i wpływów. தமிழ்: போர்த்துகீசிய பேரரசு (1415-1999) காலத்திற்கு ஒவ்வாத வரைபடம் நிறங்கள் சிவப்பு - உடைமை ஆலிவ் - ஆராய்ந்தவை காவி - வணிகம் மற்றும் செல்வாக்கு மிகுந்த இடங்கள் இளஞ்சிவப்பு - இறையாண்மை கூற்றுக்கள் பச்சை - வர்த்தக பதிவுகள் நீலம் - பிரதான கடல் கண்டுபிடிப்புகள், செல்வாக்கு பகுதிகள் Category:World maps
context_page_description: The Battle of Toro was a royal battle from the War of the Castilian Succession, fought on 1 March 1476, near the city of Toro, between the Castilian-Aragonese troops of the Catholic Monarchs and the Portuguese-Castilian forces of Afonso V and Prince John of Portugal.
  The battle had an inconclusive military outcome, as both sides claimed victory: the Castilian right wing was defeated by the forces under Prince John who possessed the battlefield, but the troops of Afonso V were beaten by the Castilian left-centre led by the Duke of Alba and Cardinal Mendoza.
  However, it was a major political victory for the Catholic Monarchs by assuring to Isabella the throne of Castile: The remnants of the nobles loyal to Juana de Trastámara adhered to Isabella. With great political vision, Isabella took advantage of the moment and summoned the 'Cortes' at Madrigal-Segovia. There her daughter was proclaimed sworn heiress of the Castile's crown, which was equivalent to legitimizing her own throne.
  As noted by Spanish academic António Serrano: "From all of this it can be deduced that the battle [of Toro] was inconclusive, but Isabella and Ferdinand made it fly with wings of victory.
context_section_description: The great political genius of the Catholic Monarchs was to have been capable of transforming one inconclusive battle into a great moral, political, and strategic victory, which would not only assure them the crown but also create the foundations of the Spanish nation. The academic Rafael Dominguez Casas: "...San Juan de los Reyes resulted from the royal will to build a monastery to commemorate the victory in a battle with an uncertain outcome but decisive, the one fought in Toro in 1476, which consolidated the union of the two most important Peninsular Kingdoms."
  Soon came the Granada conquest, the discovery and colonization of the New World, the Spanish hegemony in Europe, and at last the "Siglo de Oro" (Spanish Golden Age) whose zenith was reached with the incorporation of Portugal and its fabulous empire into the Iberian Union, creating a web of territories "where the sun never sets".
  Nowadays, the relationship between Spain and Portugal is excellent and battles like the one of Toro seem part of a remote past: some Portuguese and Spanish commonly refer to each other by the designation of "nuestros hermanos", which means "our brothers" in Spanish.
caption: An anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415–1999)
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