page_title: Guizhou clique
section_title: Guizhou under Tang Jiyao
hierarchical_section_title: Guizhou clique / Guizhou under Tang Jiyao
caption_attribution_description: 中文: 唐继尧 English: Tang Jiyao
context_page_description: The Guizhou clique, also known as the Qian clique, was a minor warlord faction in the Warlord Era of the Republic of China, situated in the province of Guizhou. Due to its weak economic situation, Guizhou warlords were typically dependent on more economically successful warlords such as the Yunnan clique and the Hunan warlords.
  The Guizhou warlords were very much focused on family relations, especially the Xingyi clique warlords under the Liu family. These family connections formed the core of Guizhou political power for a long time. The first Guizhou warlord in power was Liu Xianshi, heading the Liu family and the Old Xingyi clique. With the invasion of Guizhou by Yunnan general Tang Jiyao, Liu's enemies were defeated and Guizhou started a lasting relationship with Yunnan and especially Tang Jiyao. Liu Xianshi's nephew, Wang Wenhua, disagreed with much of what Liu did, and was in conflict with him, using student organizations to agitate against him. He staged the Minjiu Incident, which forced Liu to resign his posts as military and civilian governor. Liu fled to Xingyi, with Wang fleeing to Shanghai, finally being assassinated by Liu's supporters in March 1921.
context_section_description: On March 4, 1912, Tang Jiyao became military governor of Guizhou, recognized in May 1912 by Beijing, with Liu Xianshi assuming the role of Minister of War. Tang consolidated his power by disbanding and massacring revolutionary forces in Guizhou. Tang Jiyao and Liu Xianshi militarily ruled Guizhou jointly, with Liu commanding a new Citizen's Army, and Liu's allies becoming responsible for the civil administration of Guizhou. This brought the revolutionaries to an end and paved the way for the taking of full political power by the Liu family. Due to the sharing of power with Tang, Liu Xianshi's power was limited, but it would be rewarded with the removal of office of Cai E. In order to cultivate military talent, Tang Jiyao founded the Guizhou Military Academy, with Han Fenglou, a Yunnanese general, serving as its head. Many of the heads of the Academy were alumni of the Yunnan Military Academy. Graduates of the Academy became commanders and officers in the Yunnan and Guizhou armies, deployed in rotation.
  In order to turn Guizhou into his own fiefdom, Tang Jiyao forbade the introduction of foreign progressive ideas, actively supported local forces and ideas, and established the Guizhou Unification Party as an organization to cement his power. Key members of the Guizhou Unification Party were Liu Xianshi, Ren Kecheng, Dai Kan, He Linshu, and Guo Chongguang, although many others played an important part in this party. Tang used the Guizhou Unification Party to prevent the development of the Kuomintang in Guizhou and to preserve his rule.
caption: Tang Jiyao, military governor of Guizhou
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