page_title: University of California, Berkeley
section_title: Architecture
hierarchical_section_title: University of California, Berkeley / Campus / Architecture
caption_attribution_description: South Hall, University of California, Berkeley. English: South Hall, University of California, Berkeley, housing the UC Berkeley School of Information. Taken on March 2, 2007. Deutsch: Die 1873 vollendete South Hall der University of California, Berkeley. Das älteste noch existierende Gebäude auf dem Campus beherbergt die UC Berkeley School of Information.
context_page_description: The University of California, Berkeley is a public research university in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, it is the oldest campus of the University of California system. The university offers over 350 degree programs through its 14 colleges and schools, which enroll some 31,000 undergraduates and 12,000 graduate students. Berkeley is ranked among the world's top universities by major educational publications.
  A founding member of the Association of American Universities, Berkeley hosts many leading research institutes, including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory. It also founded and maintains close relationships with three national laboratories at Berkeley, Livermore and Los Alamos, and has played a prominent role in many scientific advances, from the Manhattan Project and the discovery of 16 chemical elements to innovations in computer science and genomics.
  Berkeley alumni and faculty count among their ranks 107 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Award winners, 14 Fields Medalists, 28 Wolf Prize winners, 103 MacArthur Fellows, 25 Pulitzer Prize recipients, and 19 Academy Award winners.
context_section_description: What is considered the historic campus today was the result of the 1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California", funded by William Randolph Hearst's mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp; eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco in 1899. The winner was Frenchman Émile Bénard, however he refused to personally supervise the implementation of his plan and the task was subsequently given to architecture professor John Galen Howard. Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. The structures forming the "classical core" of the campus were built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, and include Hearst Greek Theatre, Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Doe Memorial Library, California Hall, Wheeler Hall, (Old) Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate, and the 307-foot (94 m) Sather Tower (nicknamed "the Campanile" after its architectural inspiration, St Mark's Campanile in Venice), the tallest university clock tower in the United States. Buildings he regarded as temporary, nonacademic, or not particularly "serious" were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles; examples of these are North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of Howard's designs are recognized California Historical Landmarks and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
  Built in 1873 in a Victorian Second-Empire-style, South Hall, designed by David Farquharson, is the oldest university building in California. It, and the Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Piedmont Avenue east of the main campus, are two of the only surviving examples of the nineteenth-century campus. Other notable architects and firms whose work can be found in the campus and surrounding area are Bernard Maybeck (Faculty Club); Julia Morgan (Hearst Women's Gymnasium and Julia Morgan Hall); William Wurster (Stern Hall); Moore Ruble Yudell (Haas School of Business); Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects (C.V. Starr East Asian Library), and Diller Scofidio + Renfro (Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive).
caption: South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus
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