page_title: Novgorod Land
section_title: Reign of Ivan the Terrible
hierarchical_section_title: Novgorod Land / History / As part of a centralized Russian state (from 1478) / Reign of Ivan the Terrible
caption_attribution_description: Русский: Московия - максимальное (по размеру) великое княжество . Голландская карта 1593 года. Рисунки, в т.ч. Татары ведут медведя"'
context_page_description: Novgorod Land was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its northwest and north. Novgorod Land, centered in Veliky Novgorod, was the cradle of Old Russian statehood under the rule of the Rurikovich dynasty and one of the most important princely thrones of the era of Kievan Rus'. During the collapse of Kievan Rus' and in subsequent centuries, Novgorod Land developed as an autonomous Russian state with republican forms of government under the suzerainty of the great princes of Vladimir. During the period of greatest development, it reached the North to the White Sea, and in the east it spread beyond the Ural Mountains. It had extensive trade relations within the framework of the Hanseatic League. In the 15th century, in the course of the grand–princely policy of "gathering Russian lands", Veliky Novgorod, with the surrounding lands, was completely annexed to the centralized Russian state. Novgorod Land existed as an administrative unit until 1708.
context_section_description: In 1565, after Tsar Ivan the Terrible divided the Russian State into oprichnina and zemshchina, the city became part of the latter. Huge damage to Novgorod was caused by the oprichnina pogrom, which was perpetrated in the winter of 1569/1570 by an army personally led by Ivan the Terrible. The reason for the pogrom was the denunciation and suspicions of treason (as modern historians suggest, the Novgorod conspiracy was invented by the favorites of Ivan the Terrible, Vasily Gryazny and Malyuta Skuratov). All cities were looted on the road from Moscow to Novgorod, on the way Malyuta Skuratov personally strangled Metropolitan Philip in the Tver Youth monastery. The number of victims in Novgorod was more than 27 thousand people (in 1546 there were 35 thousand people in the city). In Novgorod, the pogrom lasted 6 weeks, thousands of people were tortured and drowned in Volkhov. The city was plundered. The property of churches, monasteries and merchants was confiscated.
caption: Novgorod Land on the Dutch map of Muscovy – the maximum (in size) of the Grand Duchy. 1593
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