page_title: Abd al-Karim Qasim
section_title: Kurdish revolts
hierarchical_section_title: Abd al-Karim Qasim / Prime minister / Kurdish revolts
caption_attribution_description: Mustafa Barzani and Abd al-Karim Qasim.
context_page_description: Abd al-Karim Qasim Muhammad Bakr al-Fadhli al-Zubaidi was an Iraqi Army brigadier and nationalist who ascended into power when the Iraqi monarchy was overthrown during the 14 July Revolution. He ruled the country as the 24th Prime Minister until his downfall and execution during the 1963 Ramadan Revolution.
  During his rule, Qasim was popularly known as al-zaʿīm or, "The Leader".
context_section_description: The new Government declared Kurdistan "one of the two nations of Iraq". During his rule, the Kurdish groups selected Mustafa Barzani to negotiate with the government, seeking an opportunity to declare independence.
  After a period of relative calm, the issue of Kurdish autonomy (self-rule or independence) went unfulfilled, sparking discontent and eventual rebellion among the Kurds in 1961. Kurdish separatists under the leadership of Mustafa Barzani chose to wage war against the Iraqi establishment. Although relations between Qasim and the Kurds had proved successful initially, by 1961 relations had deteriorated and they had become openly critical of Qasim's regime. Barzani had delivered an ultimatum to Qasim in August 1961 demanding an end to authoritarian rule, recognition of Kurdish autonomy, and restoration of democratic liberties.
caption: Qasim with Mustafa Barzani.
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