page_title: Alice Mary Robertson
section_title: Representative
hierarchical_section_title: Alice Mary Robertson / Representative
caption_attribution_description: English: Homes located at 1628 (left) and 1630 (right) 19th Street NW in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The buildings are contributing properties to the Dupont Circle Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Previous occupants of 1628 19th Street NW, built in 1891 and designed by architect George S. Cooper, include Medical Director of the Navy Dr. Frank Anderson, Attorney General of Alabama William C. Fitts, attorney and Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court Charles Henry Butler, Solicitor of the Treasury Felix A. Reeve, Medal of Honor recipient Admiral William A. Moffett, Fannie L. Ricketts (widow of General James B. Ricketts), and Brigadier General Nelson B. Sweitzer. Previous occupants of 1630 19th Street NW, built around 1892 and designed by architect Clarence L. Harding, include Oklahoma Representative Alice Mary Robertson, treasurer of Southern Railway Harrie C. Ansley, and Adolph C. Miller's private secretary D.C. Elliott.
context_page_description: Alice Mary Robertson was an American educator, social worker, government official, and politician who became the second woman to serve in the United States Congress, and the first from the state of Oklahoma. Robertson was the first woman to defeat an incumbent congressman. She was known for her strong personality, commitment to Native American issues, and anti-feminist stance.
  Until the election of Mary Fallin in 2006, Robertson was the only woman elected from Oklahoma to Congress.
context_section_description: Robertson became more involved in politics. She was elected by the 2nd District of Oklahoma as a Republican Representative to the 67th Congress, defeating the incumbent William Hastings. She was the first woman to defeat an incumbent representative in a general election. She served from March 4, 1921, to March 3, 1923, but was unsuccessful in running for reelection in 1922 and was defeated by Hastings.
  Robertson was the second woman to hold a seat in Congress, after Representative Jeannette Rankin from Montana, who served from 1917 to 1919. Before the expiration of her term, Rebecca Felton was appointed for one day to the Senate, and representatives Winnifred Huck from Illinois and Mae Nolan from California both won special elections; they were the third, fourth, and fifth women to serve in Congress. During her term, Robertson became the first woman to preside over the House of Representatives, on July 20, 1921.
  Robertson was the first woman elected to Congress after passage of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteeing women the right to vote. She opposed feminist groups such as the League of Women Voters and the National Women's Party. Robertson voted against bills funding maternity and childcare on the grounds that they were an unwarranted governmental intrusion on personal rights. This earned her the support of the Daughters of the American Revolution, of which she was a member. She also voted against the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
caption: Robertson's former residence in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C.
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