page_title: Jacques MacDonald
section_title: Under Napoleon
hierarchical_section_title: Jacques MacDonald / Under Napoleon
caption_attribution_description: English: Marshal Macdonald. Serving throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, he led major formations in the 1809 campaign against Austria, in Spain (1810–1811), Russia (1812), Germany (1813), and in France (1814). Русский: Данный рисунок был также использован для иллюстрирования статьи «Макдональд, Жак-Стефан-Жозеф-Александр, герцог Тарентский» опубликованной в пятнадцатом томе «Военной энциклопедии», который был издан книгоиздательским товариществом Ивана Дмитриевича Сытина в 1914 году в столице Российской империи городе Санкт-Петербурге. Подробное описание к этой фотографии можно прочесть в указанной выше статье на сайте Русской Викитеки.
context_page_description: Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald, 1st Duke of Taranto was a Marshal of the Empire and military leader during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
context_section_description: He remained without employment until 1809, but then Napoleon made him military adviser to Prince Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy and a corps commander. He led the army from Italy to join with Napoleon, and at Wagram, led the attack which broke the Austrian centre and won the victory.
  Napoleon made him a Marshal of France on the field of battle, and soon after created him Duke of Taranto in the Kingdom of Naples.
  In 1810, MacDonald served in Spain and in 1812, he commanded the left wing of the Grande Armée for the invasion of Russia. He was sent to the north but did not succeed in occupying Riga. In 1813, after participating in the battles of Lützen and Bautzen, he was ordered to invade Silesia, where Blücher defeated him with great loss at Katzbach. At the Battle of Nations in 1813, his force was pushed out at  Liebertwolkwitz by Johann von Klenau's IV Corps (Austrian); on a counterattack, his troops took the village back.  Later that day, Klenau foiled his attempt to flank the Austrian main army, commanded by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg.  After the Battle of Leipzig, he was ordered to cover the evacuation of Leipzig with Prince Poniatowski.  After the blowing up of the last bridge over the river, he managed to swim the Elster, but Poniatowski drowned. During the defensive campaign of 1814, MacDonald again distinguished himself. He was one of the marshals sent by Napoleon to take the notice of his abdication to Paris. When all were deserting Napoleon, MacDonald remained faithful. He was directed by Napoleon to give his adherence to the new régime, and was presented with the sabre of Murad Bey for his fidelity.
caption: Serving throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, MacDonald led major formations in the 1809 campaign against Austria, in Spain (1810–1811), Russia (1812), Germany (1813), and in France (1814).
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