page_title: CHU (radio station)
section_title: Western Canada signal coverage
hierarchical_section_title: CHU (radio station) / Western Canada signal coverage
caption_attribution_description: English: I am making these VOACAP HF area coverage calculations public so as to help users better understand the use of the VOACAP program. It is my hope that these calculations are used in all areas of Wikipedia that pertain to shortwave broadcasting. These calculations were created as part of propagation research contracts I received from Radio Canada International, BBC World Service and other international broadcasting entities before 2003. Some calculations are also derived from a contract with CBC-SRC (Canada) as well as the National Research Council (CHU Time Station) audibility programme. All parties have contractually released their calculations to the public domain. M. Power, CEO Power Broadcasting http://HireMe.geek.nz/
context_page_description: CHU is the call sign of a shortwave time signal radio station operated by the Institute for National Measurement Standards of the National Research Council of Canada.
context_section_description: CHU often cannot be received in Western Canada on any of its broadcast frequencies. Propagation conditions, low transmitter power coupled with the typical two ionospheric hops distances from Ottawa result in relatively weak time signals for Western Canada. Electromagnetic interference can further aggravate reception difficulty in urban areas in the West. CHU can be practically unusable in most of Western Canada, Nunavut, and the Northwest Territories, for significant stretches of time.
  U.S. stations WWV and WWVH are the fallback in Western Canada. In the high arctic, however, both the U.S. shortwave time stations and CHU become essentially unusable or unreliable.
  Canada has no longwave time signal transmitters. The American station WWVB is the only option for reliable time signals during geomagnetic storms in the Western Arctic, based on WWVB's published pattern maps.  If WWVB is not available, those who need precision time transfer may be able to use GPS time transfer instead.
  A western station has been proposed to fill this gap. A 20 kW station in Kelowna, BC using a directional antenna could provide coverage for western Canada, including the Arctic.
caption: Coverage of new CHU transmitter proposed for Western Canada[5]
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