page_title: Dyeing
section_title: Yarn dyeing
hierarchical_section_title: Dyeing / Methods / Yarn dyeing
caption_attribution_description: English: Dyed OPTIM™ wool.
context_page_description: Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. Dye molecules are fixed to the fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with temperature and time being key controlling factors. The bond between dye molecule and fiber may be strong or weak, depending on the dye used. Dyeing and printing are different applications; in printing, color is applied to a localized area with desired patterns. In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.
  The primary source of dye, historically, has been nature, with the dyes being extracted from animals or plants. Since the mid-19th century, however, humans have produced artificial dyes to achieve a broader range of colors and to render the dyes more stable to washing and general use. Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fiber and at different stages of the textile production process, from loose fibers through yarn and cloth to complete garments.
context_section_description: There are many forms of yarn dyeing. Common forms are the package form and the hanks form. Cotton yarns are mostly dyed at package form, and acrylic or wool yarn are dyed at hank form. In the continuous filament industry, polyester or polyamide yarns are always dyed at package form, while viscose rayon yarns are partly dyed at hank form because of technology.
  The common dyeing process of cotton yarn with reactive dyes at package form is as follows: 
  The raw yarn is wound on a spring tube to achieve a package suitable for dye penetration.
  These softened packages are loaded on a dyeing carrier's spindle one on another.
  The packages are pressed up to a desired height to achieve suitable density of packing.
  The carrier is loaded on the dyeing machine and the yarn is dyed.
  After dyeing, the packages are unloaded from the carrier into a trolley.
  Now the trolley is taken to hydro extractor where water is removed.
  The packages are hydro extracted to remove the maximum amount of water leaving the desired color into raw yarn.
  The packages are then dried to achieve the final dyed package.
  After this process, the dyed yarn packages are packed and delivered.
caption: Dyed wool reels (CSIRO)
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