page_title: 3-dehydroquinate synthase
section_title: Applications
hierarchical_section_title: 3-dehydroquinate synthase / Applications
caption_attribution_description: English: 3-dehydroquinate synthase and its substrates Zn2+, carbaphosphonate, NAD+
context_page_description: In enzymology, a 3-dehydroquinate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  3-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate
  Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 3-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate, and two products, 3-dehydroquinate and phosphate. The protein uses NAD⁺ to catalyze the reaction. This reaction is part of the shikimate pathway which is involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
  3-Dehydroquinate synthase belongs to the family of lyases, to be specific those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on phosphates. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. It employs one cofactor, cobalt.
context_section_description: 3-Dehydroquinate synthase catalyzes the second step in the shikimate pathway, which is essential for the production of aromatic amino acids in bacteria, plants, and fungi, but not mammals. This makes it an ideal target for new antimicrobial agents, anti-parasitic agents, and herbicides. Other enzymes in the shikimate pathway have already been targeted and put to use as herbicides. Roundup, a common herbicide made by Monsanto, works by inhibiting another enzyme in the shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway is an ideal choice for herbicides because this pathway does not exist in animals or people so people are not directly affected.  Roundup uses an enzyme inhibitor, glyphosate, to block one of the steps of the shikimate pathway.  Glyphosate inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), which ultimately blocks the production of aromatic amino acids, and, without aromatic amino acids, plants cannot survive. However, Monsanto developed a bacterial form of EPSP synthase that was not inhibited by Roundup.  Monsanto introduced this gene into plants using agrobacterium and the result was a plant that was resistant to Roundup.  This meant that all plants without the bacterial gene would die, leading a much higher degree of weed control.
caption: 3-dehydroquinate synthase interacting with its substrates NAD+, carbaphosphonate, and Zn2+, which are shown as spheres in this representation
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