page_title: Ford Model T engine
section_title: Internal design
hierarchical_section_title: Ford Model T engine / Internal design
caption_attribution_description: English: Cutaway internal view of Ford Model T engine.
context_page_description: The Ford Model T used a 177 cu in inline 4-cylinder engine. It was primarily a gasoline engine. It produced 20 hp for a top speed of 45 mph. It was built in-unit with the Model T's novel transmission, sharing the same lubricating oil.
  The T engine was known for its simplicity, reliability, and economy. The engine remained in production for many years, and millions of units were produced. The engine design's lifespan exceeded that of the Model T vehicle itself, with industrial, marine, and military applications extending its production run. The T engine is on the Ward's 10 Best Engines of the 20th Century list.
context_section_description: The T engine was an inline-four, with all four cylinders cast into one engine block. Such monobloc design was an uncommon practice when T production started in 1908. It lent itself to mass production, showing the Ford company's prescient focus on design for manufacturability. The head, however, was detachable, which not only aided Ford in manufacturing but also made valve jobs (cleaning, grinding, or replacement of the poppet valves) easier. The block and head were both of cast iron.
  The engine's bore was 3 ³⁄₄ inches (95.25 mm) and its stroke was 4 inches (101.6 mm) even, for a total displacement of 177 cu in (2.9 L). The compression ratio was 3.98 for most engines; early engines were slightly greater. This value is low by modern standards but was typical for the era, making the engine forgiving of poor-quality, low-octane fuel and minimizing cranking effort at starting.
  The valvetrain was a side valve (flathead) design. 
  The crankshaft had 3 main bearings.
caption: Cutaway internal view of Ford Model T engine.[6]
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