page_title: Proxicromil
section_title: Mechanism of action
hierarchical_section_title: Proxicromil / Mechanism of action
caption_attribution_description: English: The inhibiting effect of Proxicromil on the high-affinity FcεRI disables bonding to the IgE antigen and that way blocks the release of mediators such as histamine that would normally give an allergic response.
context_page_description: Proxicromil is a detergent-like, lipophilic oral medication developed in the late 1970s that was not admitted on the market because of its possible carcinogenic effects. It suppresses allergic reactions by binding to FcεRI receptor in mast cells, thereby inhibiting production of histamines. It is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and is proven hepatotoxic for dogs as a result of its accumulation in the biliary canaliculus.
context_section_description: Mast cells are a type of white blood cells that function in the immune and neuro-immune system. Allergic reactions or responses to inflammation or invading microorganisms are coordinated by these cells in a process called degranulation. Antimicrobial cytotoxic and inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, proteoglycans, serotonin and serine proteases, are released from cytoplasmic granules in the mast cells once their high-affinity receptors FcεRI detect IgE antibodies and bind their Fc region. The released histamines cause irritations to the organism such as sneezing and an itchy sensation in the nose.
  Proxicromil acts as an inhibitor of this process, competing with IgE antibodies for binding with the FcεRI receptors, thereby reducing the irritation caused by histamines. The substance was found to reduce allergic reactions and the severity of clinical diseases when administered just before the onset.
  Furthermore, the antihistamine blocks the elicitation of adoptively transferred EAE, an allergic brain inflammation reaction, and it shows a reducing effect on the severity of skin irritation.
caption: The inhibiting effect of Proxicromil on the high-affinity FcεRI disables bonding to the IgE antigen and that way blocks the release of mediators such as histamine that would normally give an allergic response.
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