page_title: Redshirts (Italy)
hierarchical_section_title: Redshirts (Italy)
caption_attribution_description: English: Collections of the Museo della città (Livorno)
context_page_description: Redshirts or Red coats is the name given to the volunteers who followed the Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi during campaigns in Uruguay and Italy, and later his son Ricciotti in Greece and the Balkans, from the 1840s to the 1910s. The name derived from the color of their shirts or loose fitting blouses that the volunteers, usually called Garibaldini, wore in lieu of a uniform.
  The force originated as the Italian Legion supporting the Colorado Party during the Uruguayan Civil War, with Garibaldi being given red shirts destined for slaughterhouse workers. Later, during the Italian unification, the Redshirts won several battles against the armies of the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and the Papal States; most notably, Garibaldi led his Redshirts in the Expedition of the Thousand of 1860, which concluded with the annexation of Sicily, Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria to the Kingdom of Sardinia, leading to the creation of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy. Due to his military enterprises in South America and Europe, Garibaldi became known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds".
context_section_description: Redshirts (Italian Camicie Rosse) or Red coats (Italian Giubbe Rosse) is the name given to the volunteers who followed the Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi during campaigns in Uruguay and Italy, and later his son Ricciotti in Greece and the Balkans, from the 1840s to the 1910s. The name derived from the color of their shirts or loose fitting blouses that the volunteers, usually called Garibaldini, wore in lieu of a uniform.
  The force originated as the Italian Legion supporting the Colorado Party during the Uruguayan Civil War, with Garibaldi being given red shirts destined for slaughterhouse workers. Later, during the Italian unification, the Redshirts won several battles against the armies of the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and the Papal States; most notably, Garibaldi led his Redshirts in the Expedition of the Thousand of 1860, which concluded with the annexation of Sicily, Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria to the Kingdom of Sardinia, leading to the creation of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy. Due to his military enterprises in South America and Europe, Garibaldi became known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds". Garibaldi's son Ricciotti led some Redshirt volunteers that fought with the army of Greece during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and the First Balkan War. 
  The Redshirts were very popular and influenced many armies worldwide. For example, 
  during the American Civil War, the Garibaldi Guard and their Confederate counterpart Garibaldi Legion, wore red shirts as a part of their uniforms. The Garibaldi shirt also became a popular type of clothing; according to A Cultural History of the Modern Age: The Crisis of the European Soul: "For a considerable time Garibaldi was the most famous man in Europe, and the red shirt, la camicia rossa, became the fashion for ladies, even outside Italy".
caption: A typical red shirt and cap of a Garibaldino in Livorno
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "3648", "Image ImageLength": "5472", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "Canon EOS 6D", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2019:12:17 00:08:20", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image Padding": "[]", "Image ExifOffset": "2376", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 3, 0, 0]", "Image GPSInfo": "5396", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "5510", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "4575", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/40", "EXIF FNumber": "5", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "8000", "EXIF SensitivityType": "Recommended Exposure Index", "EXIF RecommendedExposureIndex": "8000", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2019:01:22 12:31:01", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2019:01:22 12:31:01", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "43/8", "EXIF ApertureValue": "37/8", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "46", "EXIF SubSecTime": "06", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "06", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "06", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "2454", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "3534", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "5364", "EXIF FocalPlaneXResolution": "1368000/359", "EXIF FocalPlaneYResolution": "912000/239", "EXIF FocalPlaneResolutionUnit": "2", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF CameraOwnerName": "", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "055052000338", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[24, 105, 0, 0]", "EXIF LensModel": "EF24-105mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM", "EXIF LensSerialNumber": "000000ccc4", "EXIF Padding": "[]", "EXIF OffsetSchema": "4068"}