page_title: List of Arctic expeditions
section_title: 19th century
hierarchical_section_title: List of Arctic expeditions / 19th century
caption_attribution_description: Norsk bokmål: Jens Arnold Diderich Jensen, dansk sjøoffiser. Med dedikasjon. Depicted person: Jensen, Jens Arnold Diderich (1849-) Depicted place: Danmark, København
context_page_description: This list of Arctic expeditions is a timeline of historic Arctic exploration and explorers of the Arctic.
context_section_description: 1800: Yakov Sannikov charts Stolbovoy Island
  1809–1811: Yakov Sannikov and Matvei Gedenschtrom explore the New Siberian Islands
  1818: Royal Navy expedition led by captain David Buchan
  1818: Royal Navy expedition led by John Ross, with his nephew, James Clark Ross, to search for the Northwest Passage extended north along the west coast of Greenland to Pituffik and met the Inughuit (Greenlandic Inuit) of Cape York
  1819: Royal Navy expedition aboard HMS Hecla and HMS Griper led by William Edward Parry
  1819–1822: The Coppermine expedition, led by John Franklin, included George Back and John Richardson
  1820–1824: Ferdinand von Wrangel and Fyodor Matyushkin explore the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea areas
  1821–1824: Fyodor Litke explores the eastern Barents Sea and the west coast of Novaya Zemlya, including Matochkin Strait
  1821–1823: Pyotr Anjou continues exploration of New Siberian Islands
  1822: William Scoresby lands in east Greenland near the mouth of the fjord system that would later be named for him – Scoresby Sound
  1823: Douglas Clavering and Edward Sabine explores East Greenland northwards to Clavering Island, where they get in contact with the now extinct Inuit of Northeast Greenland
  1825–1827: The Mackenzie River expedition – descends the Mackenzie River and maps much of the Arctic coast
  1826: Frederick William Beechey aboard HMS Blossom explores the Alaskan coast from Point Barrow to the Bering Strait
  1827: First Norwegian expedition to the Arctic, led by Baltazar Mathias Keilhau
  1827: Royal Navy expedition to Spitsbergen led by William Edward Parry reaches 82°45’N
  1828–1830: Danish expedition led by Wilhelm August Graah tries to locate the Eastern Settlement in southeast Greenland, but does not reach Ammassalik Island.
  1829–1833: Royal Navy expedition led by John Ross to search for the Northwest Passage became the first European to explore James Ross Strait and King William Land, located the North Magnetic Pole
  1833: P.K. Pastukhov explores the southern half of the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya
  1833–1835: Royal Navy expedition led by George Back going from Fort Reliance, became the first European to see the Back River and then on to the mouth at Chantrey Inlet
  1836: George Back attempts to ascertain if Boothia Peninsula is an island or a peninsula but his ship, HMS Terror, is trapped by ice near Southampton Island
  1838–1840: La Recherche expedition, under the command of Joseph Paul Gaimard, was a purely scientific nature, rather than a colonial venture
  1845: Franklin's Northwest Passage expedition is sent to map the remaining Northwest Passage
  1848: John Richardson and John Rae lead the Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition and searched overland for Franklin's lost expedition
  1850: McClure Arctic expedition led by Robert McClure, a British search for the members of Franklin's lost expedition
  1850–1851: First Grinnell expedition led by Edwin De Haven, first American search for the members of Franklin's lost expedition and found the graves of crew members John Torrington, William Braine and John Hartnell on Beechey Island
  1852: Edward Augustus Inglefield in the Isabel and sponsored by Jane Franklin, Franklin's widow sets out to search for Franklin's ill-fated expedition
  1853–1855: Second Grinnell expedition led by Elisha Kane looks for Franklin searching Grinnell Land
  1857–1859: McClintock Arctic expedition led by Francis Leopold McClintock was the fifth expedition sponsored by Lady Franklin and found artefacts, a crew members skeleton and the final written communications from the last survivors of the Franklin expedition
  1860–1861: American expedition led by Isaac Israel Hayes who claimed to have seen the Open Polar Sea
  1860–1862: First expedition led by American Charles Francis Hall
  1864–1869: Second expedition led by Charles Francis Hall
  1868: First German North Polar Expedition led by Carl Koldewey along the east coast of Greenland
  1869–1870: Second German North Polar Expedition (Germania and Hansa) led by Carl Koldewey reaches Sabine Island
  1871: Benjamin Leigh Smith's first expedition discovers supposed east
caption: J. A. D. Jensen
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