page_title: Christmas in the American Civil War
section_title: Nast cartoons and other propaganda
hierarchical_section_title: Christmas in the American Civil War / Nast cartoons and other propaganda
caption_attribution_description: English: Thomas Nast illustration of Abraham Lincoln welcoming Confederates to Christmas dinner, from Christmas 1864.
context_page_description: Christmas in the American Civil War was celebrated in both the United States and the Confederate States of America although the day did not become an official holiday until five years after the war ended. The war continued to rage on Christmas and skirmishes occurred throughout the countryside. Celebrations for both troops and civilians saw significant alteration. Propagandists, such as Thomas Nast, used wartime Christmases to reflect their beliefs. In 1870, Christmas became an official Federal holiday when President Ulysses S. Grant made it so in an attempt to unite north and south.
context_section_description: Thomas Nast, who used his editorial cartoons to issue Union propaganda, made several illustrations reflecting the war.
  The one for Christmas Eve 1862, which ran in the January 1863 issue of Harper's Weekly shows a wife on one side praying though a window in one circle, and in another circle shows her husband on the battlefield, also in prayer.  The same issue's cover started how Santa Claus would be perceived by future Americans, as a white-bearded Santa hands such gifts as socks to Union soldiers, while also holding a Jefferson Davis dancing puppet with a rope tied around its neck to imply his execution. The Christmas 1863 issue showed the couple back together.
  The Nast Christmas cartoon for 1864 was a more conciliatory piece, showing Lincoln inviting Confederate soldiers into a warm lodge hall full of merriment.  Lincoln called Nast's use of Santa Claus "the best recruiting sergeant the North ever had".
  Nast was not the only one to use Christmas as a propaganda tool.  On the Union side, The New York Herald also engaged in propaganda.  One illustration published in the paper included Santa Claus fuming that he could not reach southern children, due to the northern blockade.  On the Confederate side, The Richmond Examiner described Santa to its young readers as "a Dutch toy monger" who was a New York/New England "scrub" and Hottentot that had nothing to do with traditional Virginian celebrations of Christmas.
  Even through the war was over, Nast had a drawing in the Christmas 1865 issue of Harper's Weekly depicting the heads of several Confederate generals at Ulysses S. Grant's feet in an image that centered on Santa.  After the war Nast purposely made the North Pole the home of Saint Nick so that no one else could use him for nationalistic propaganda like Nast himself did.
caption: Lincoln welcomes Confederate soldiers (Nast, 1864)
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