page_title: Andrew Dudley
section_title: In Scotland, 1547–1548
hierarchical_section_title: Andrew Dudley / In Scotland, 1547–1548
caption_attribution_description: English: Illustration of the carrack Pansy. Notification about possible deletion Svenska: Illustration av karacken Pansy ("Pensén").
context_page_description: Sir Andrew Dudley, KG was an English soldier, courtier, and diplomat. A younger brother of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, he served in Henry VIII's navy and obtained court offices under Edward VI. In 1547–1548 he acted as admiral of the fleet and participated in the War of the Rough Wooing in Scotland, where he commanded the English garrison of Broughty Castle. He was appointed captain of the fortress of Guînes in the Pale of Calais in late 1551. There he got involved in a dispute with the Lord Deputy of Calais, which ended only when both men were replaced in October 1552.
  In October 1549 Andrew Dudley became one of Edward VI's Chief Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber and later keeper of the Palace of Westminster, in which function he was responsible for the Royal Wardrobe and Privy Purse. In early 1553 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Emperor Charles V to suggest peace talks between France and the Empire.
context_section_description: In early 1547 Protector Somerset, the English regent, was contemplating to take up the War of the Rough Wooing once more to press home the agreed marriage of Edward VI and Mary Queen of Scots. On 27 February Andrew Dudley was appointed admiral of the fleet. He was to oversee the "annoyance of the Scots" in the North Sea and to interrupt the shipping of munition from France to Scotland. On 7 March he captured one of the Scottish principal ships, the Great Lion off Dover, giving her a broadside from the Pauncey (correctly the Pensée, sometimes called the Pansy). Odet de Selve, the French ambassador in London, gained a detailed account from Nicolas d'Arfeville, a French painter and cartographer. Dudley was 30 miles from Yarmouth when he saw the Great Lion, with the Lyonesse, the Mary Gallante and another unnamed Scottish ship. The Great Lion was overwhelmed by superior firepower, and the others surrendered, excepting the unnamed ship. The Lion was lost while being towed to Yarmouth when she grounded on a sandbank. Those on board were brought as prisoners to the Tower of London, and at least one notable passenger was killed in the firefight. The Privy Council sent Dudley a letter of commendation on 10 March 1547 for "his hardy enterprise against the Scots" with more detailed instructions. Dudley was told to lay up the Pauncey and other ships for repair; he was to release his Scottish prisoners, except notables, "gentlemen of estimation", and 40 sailors judged to be the best seamen and pilots. Those released would pay their ransom at £4 for a master or officer, and 40 shillings a sailor or mariner.
  
  Dudley then sailed North to treat with the Fife lairds who had killed Cardinal Beaton. They were holding St Andrews Castle against the Regent Arran with his eldest son James Hamilton as hostage. The lairds, who became known as the "Castilians", signed a contract with Dudley, according to which they were to receive English aid to hold the castle against the Scottish government: 
  for the better ... surity of themselves and His Majesty's friends in Scotland and the advancement and perfection of the said marriage [as well as] a perpetual peace, unity and ... natural love between both the realms.
   
  The Castilians promised to surrender St. Andrews Castle and Arran's son to the English when they should appear. Dudley also struck a bargain with Lord Gray, a disaffected Scottish noble who owned Broughty Castle, a fortress near Dundee. The chronicler and eye-witness William Patten noted its strategic importance: "it standeth in such sort at the mouth of the river Tay, that being gotten, both Dundee and [Perth], and many other towns else shall become subject to this hold or be compelled to forgo their use of the river." Lord Gray's contribution would be the surrender of his castle and help in taking Perth.
  St. Andrews Castle fell in July 1547, which greatly strengthened French influence in Scotland and triggered an English invasion. Andrew Dudley assisted the campaign at sea, under the command of Lord Clinton. Shortly after the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh Dudley was knighted by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. On 20 September 1547 he was appointed captain of the English garrison at Broughty Castle. Lord Gray had surrendered it after three token cannon shots from the English ships. Dudley complained to Somerset in October 1547 that "never had a man had so weak a company of soldiers given to drinking, eating and slothfulness," though, "the house stands well." However, it had "scant window to shut, nor door, nor bolt, ... nor nail". Re-fortification was supervised by a resident Italian engineer, Master John Rossetti, and included building a new platform for cannon on the roof and strengthening of the curtain wall.
  Andrew Dudley secured a bond of alliance from the town of Dundee by firing on the town from his two ships, the Bark Ager and the Mary Hambroughe, at the end of October 1547. In an effort to promote the Protestant Reformation, he hoped to distribute Tyndale and Frithe's Bible in Dundee. Lord Gray and the Master of Ruthven continued to bar
caption: The carrack Pauncy from the Anthony Roll
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