page_title: Otto Heinrich Warburg
section_title: Nomination for a second Nobel Prize
hierarchical_section_title: Otto Heinrich Warburg / Nomination for a second Nobel Prize
caption_attribution_description: Drs. Otto Warburg, Bernardo Houssay and NIH Director Rollo E. Dyer at the National Institutes of Health. This image is held by the National Library of Medicine at &lt;a href="http://ihm.nlm.nih.gov/luna/servlet/view/search?q=B010111" rel="nofollow"&gt;ihm.nlm.nih.gov/luna/servlet/view/search?q=B010111&lt;/a&gt;.
context_page_description: Otto Heinrich Warburg, son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor, and Nobel laureate. He served as an officer in the elite Uhlan during the First World War, and was awarded the Iron Cross for bravery. He was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1931. In total, he was nominated for the award 47 times over the course of his career.
context_section_description: In 1944, Warburg was nominated for a second Nobel Prize in Physiology by Albert Szent-Györgyi, for his work on nicotinamide, the mechanism and enzymes involved in fermentation, and the discovery of flavin (in yellow enzymes). Some sources report that he was selected to receive the award that year, but was prevented from receiving it by Adolf Hitler’s regime, which had issued a decree in 1937 that forbade Germans from accepting Nobel Prizes. According to the Nobel Foundation, this rumor is not true; although he was considered a worthy candidate, he was not selected for the prize at that time.
  Three scientists who worked in Warburg's lab, including Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, went on to win the Nobel Prize in future years. Among other discoveries, Krebs is credited with the identification of the citric acid cycle (or Szentgyörgyi-Krebs cycle).
  Warburg’s combined work in plant physiology, cell metabolism, and oncology made him an integral figure in the later development of systems biology. He worked with Dean Burk in the study of photosynthesis to discover the I-quantum reaction that splits CO2, activated by respiration.
caption: Dr. Otto Warburg (extreme left) at the National Institute of Health, USA
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