page_title: Timeline of historic inventions
section_title: 5th century
hierarchical_section_title: Timeline of historic inventions / Agricultural and Proto-Agricultural Eras / Classical antiquity and medieval era / 5th century
caption_attribution_description: English: An Nepali charka in action. 日本語: 糸車を使った手作業による製糸作業. ネパールの糸車. Polski: Ręczny proces przędzenia z użyciem kołowrotka.Nepal 12
context_page_description: The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions and the people who created the inventions.
  Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Sometimes inventions are invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a more practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first known working version of the invention is used here.
  A proportion of all discoveries within the United States made during the 20ᵗʰ and 21ˢᵗ centuries were made within skunk work enterprises.
context_section_description: By the 5th century: Numerical zero in Ancient India: The concept of zero as a number, and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India. In India, practical calculations are carried out using zero, which is treated like any other number by at least the time of Aryabhata, even in case of division.
  400 AD: The construction of the Iron pillar of Delhi in Mathura by the Gupta Empire shows the development of rust-resistant ferrous metallurgy in Ancient India, although original texts do not survive to detail the specific processes invented in this period.
  5th century: Horse collar in Southern and Northern Dynasties China: The horse collar as a fully developed collar harness is developed in Southern and Northern Dynasties China during the 5th century AD. The earliest depiction of it is a Dunhuang cave mural from the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty, the painting dated to 477–499.
  5th/6th century: Pointed arch bridge (Karamagara Bridge) in Cappadocia, Eastern Roman Empire
caption: A Nepali Charkha in action
exif: {"Image Make": "Nikon", "Image Model": "Nikon COOLSCAN V ED", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "180", "Image YResolution": "180", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop 7.0", "Image DateTime": "2005:01:17 19:19:59", "Image ExifOffset": "204", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "366", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "5026", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0220", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1073", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "720"}