page_title: Childhood schizophrenia
section_title: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
hierarchical_section_title: Childhood schizophrenia / Classification of mental disorders / Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
caption_attribution_description: English: Childhood schizophrenia removed in the DSM-III. See Appendix C: Annotated Comparative Listing of DSM-II and DSM-III. P. 375 Русский: Детский тип шизофрении удалён в DSM-III. Вместо него предложены инфантильный аутизм и детское первазивное расстройство развития. См. Приложение «C», с. 375
context_page_description: Childhood schizophrenia is essentially the same in characteristics as schizophrenia that develops at a later age, but has an onset before the age of 13, and is more difficult to diagnose. Schizophrenia is characterized by positive symptoms that can include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech; negative symptoms, such as blunted affect and avolition and apathy, and a number of cognitive impairments. Differential diagnosis is problematic since several other neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism-spectrum disorder, language disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also have signs and symptoms similar to childhood-onset schizophrenia.
  The disorder presents symptoms such as auditory and visual hallucinations, strange thoughts or feelings, and abnormal behavior, profoundly impacting the child's ability to function and sustain normal interpersonal relationships. Delusions are often not systematized and vague. Among the psychotic symptoms seen in childhood schizophrenia non-verbal auditory hallucinations are the most common, and include noises such as shots, knocks, bangs.
context_section_description: Childhood schizophrenia was not directly added to the DSM until 1968, when it was added to the DSM-II, which set forth diagnostic criteria similar to that of adult schizophrenia. "Schizophrenia, childhood type" was a DSM-II diagnosis with diagnostic code 295.8. It's equivalent to "schizophrenic reaction, childhood type" (code 000-x28) in DSM-I (1952). "Schizophrenia, childhood type" was successfully removed from the DSM-III (1980), and in the Appendix C they wrote: "there is currently no way of predicting which children will develop Schizophrenia as adults". Instead of childhood schizophrenia they proposed to use of "infantile autism" (299.0x) and "childhood onset pervasive developmental disorder" (299.9x).
  In the DSM-III-R (1987), DSM-IV (1994), DSM-IV-TR (2000), DSM-5 (2013) there are no "childhood schizophrenia". The rationale for this approach was that since the clinical picture of adult schizophrenia and childhood schizophrenia is identical, childhood schizophrenia should not be a separate disorder. However, the section in schizophrenia's Development and Course in DSM-5, includes references to childhood-onset schizophrenia.
caption: DSM-III. American Psychiatric Association against childhood schizophrenia.
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