page_title: Hours of Mary of Burgundy
section_title: Crucifixion
hierarchical_section_title: Hours of Mary of Burgundy / Miniatures / Crucifixion
caption_attribution_description: English: Folio 99v: Crucifixion
context_page_description: The Hours of Mary of Burgundy is a book of hours, a form of devotional book for lay-people, completed in Flanders around 1477. It was probably commissioned for Mary, the ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands and then the wealthiest woman in Europe. No records survive as to its commission. The book contains 187 folios, each measuring 22.5 by 15 centimetres. It consists of the Roman Liturgy of the Hours, 24 calendar roundels, 20 full-page miniatures and 16 quarter-page format illustrations. Its production began c. 1470, and includes miniatures by several artists, of which the foremost was the unidentified but influential illuminator known as the Master of Mary of Burgundy, who provides the book with its most meticulously detailed illustrations and borders. Other miniatures, considered of an older tradition, were contributed by Simon Marmion, Willem Vrelant and Lieven van Lathem. The majority of the calligraphy is attributed to Nicolas Spierinc, with whom the Master collaborated on other works and who may also have provided a number of illustrations.
context_section_description: The Crucifixion miniature, folio 99v, shows Christ and the two thieves raised on their crosses over a vast crowd which forms around them in a circular shape. Christ's body is twisted in pain, and painted with particular detail and skill. His chest rises heavily as he gasps for breath, while his body is rendered in delicate proportion.
  The Virgin Mary, dressed in blue, and Mary Magdalene, dressed in red, kneel at the foot of his cross. According to Kren, the image achieves its immediacy through the "numerous figures in motion — writhing, gesturing, stepping, or just listening with head attentively inclined". As with the other miniatures attributed to the Master, a number of the figures look outwards, as if towards the viewer. The work shows a number of similarities to a Deposition in the J. Paul Getty Museum, also thought to be by the Master's hand.
caption: Folio 99v: Crucifixion, attributed to the Master of Mary of Burgundy
exif: {"Image ImageDescription": "Fig. 16 : Hours of Mary of Burgundy, fol. 99v: Justus van Ghent(?), The Crucifixion, ca. 1465/70, tempera on parchment, 22.5 x 16.3 cm. \u00d6sterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Cod. 1587 (artwork in the public domain)", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS6 Macintosh", "Image ExifOffset": "314", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221"}