page_title: Bull
section_title: Reproductive anatomy
hierarchical_section_title: Bull / Characteristics / Reproductive anatomy
caption_attribution_description: English: Title: The anatomy of the domestic animals Identifier: cu31924001263270 (find matches) Year: 1914 (1910s) Authors: Sisson, Septimus, 1865-1924 Subjects: Veterinary anatomy Publisher: Philadelphia&#160;; London&#160;: W. B. Saunders Company Contributing Library: Cornell University Library Digitizing Sponsor: MSN View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: GENITAL ORGANS OF THE BULL 587 the extra-mgumal part of the cord is about eight to ten inches (20 to 25 cm.) in length. _ The cremaster extemus is well developed, and almost completely encloses the tunic to the neck of the scrotum; it is inserted about at the level of the upper pole of the testicle. The vaginal ring is relatively very small, and is about four mches (ca. 10 cm.) from the hnea alba. The cremaster internus is feeble. The spermatic cords emerge through the lateral angles of the subcutaneous inguinal rings, and m'Z '^,T'^'i^'i.^^^^'â d to the neck of the scrotum. The rings are about four inchls (ca. H?,^?K â ^' T '"'" ^^Â° ff? t""^^ *Â°,^^Â«Â® '"""^"^ (6 to 8 cm.) apart. In animals in good condi- tion there is a large mass of fat above the neck of the scrotum, between the spermatic c^rds. The mesorchmm extends to the bottom of the tunica vaginalis, forming a narrow fold (ca. 1 cm. wide) which attaches the epididymis to the posterior part of the tunic. Vesicula seminalis Body of prostate Text Appearing After Image: External urethral orifice Fig. 522.âGeneral View of Genital Organs of Etjli- The inguinal canal presents several special features in the bull. The abdominal ring is very- long. Its anterior border, formed by the edge of the internal oblique, is decidedly concave and is tendinous in its medial part. The long axis of the subcutaneous ring is directed outward, for- ward, and downward. The spermatic cord lies in its lateral part, the external pudic vessels in its middle. A muscular band about an inch wide, detached from the internal oblique muscle, crosses the lateral side of the vaginal ring. The ductus deferens is small in caliber and has a much thinner wall than that of the horse. At first it pursues a fiexuous course upward along the posterior border of the testicle, then becomes straight and has in the posterior part of the spermatic cord. The genital fold is narrow, so that the dUcts are closer together in it than in the horse. On reaching the posterior part of the bladder they are in apposition for a distance of about four inches (10 cm.), flanked and overlapped by the vesiculse seminales. They form ampililse. about four or five inches (10 to 12 cm.) long and half an inch (1.2 to 1.5 cm.) wide, the mucous lining of which is pHcated. They then pass under the body of the prostate and end, just medial to the ducts of the vesiculse seminales, as slit-like openings on either side of the colHculus seminalis. The vesiculae seminales are not bladder-like sacs, as in the horse, but are compact glandular organs with a lobulated surface. In the adult they measure about four or five inches (ca. 10 to 12 cm.) in length, two inches (5 cm.) in width in Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.
context_page_description: A bull is an intact adult male of the species Bos taurus. More muscular and aggressive than the female of the species, the cow, the bull has long been an important symbol in many cultures, and plays a significant role in beef ranching, dairy farming, and a variety of other cultural activities, including bull fighting and bull riding.
context_section_description: Bulls become fertile around seven months of age.  Their fertility is closely related to the size of their testicles, and one simple test of fertility is to measure the circumference of the scrotum; a young bull is likely to be fertile once this reaches 28 centimetres (11 in); that of a fully adult bull may be over 40 centimetres (16 in).Bulls have a fibroelastic penis. Given the small amount of erectile tissue,  little enlargement occurs after erection. The penis is quite rigid when not erect, and becomes even more rigid during erection. Protrusion is not affected much by erection, but more by relaxation of the retractor penis muscle and straightening of the sigmoid flexure. Bulls are occasionally affected by a condition known as "corkscrew penis". The penis of a mature bull is about 3–4 cm in diameter, and 80–100 cm in length.
  The bull's glans penis has a rounded and elongated shape.
caption: The reproductive system of a bull
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