page_title: Sioux
section_title: Historical
hierarchical_section_title: Sioux / Notable Sioux / Historical
caption_attribution_description: Original title "Red Cloud and American Horse." The two most noted chiefs now living Two Oglala chiefs, American Horse (wearing western clothing and gun-in-holster) and Red Cloud (wearing headdress), full-length portrait, facing front, shaking hands in front of tipi--probably on or near Pine Ridge Reservation.
context_page_description: The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ. The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term "Nadouessioux", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.
  Before the 17th century, the Santee Dakota lived around Lake Superior with territories in present-day northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. They gathered wild rice, hunted woodland animals and used canoes to fish. Wars with the Ojibwe throughout the 1700s pushed the Dakota into southern Minnesota, where the Western Dakota and Teton were residing. In the 1800s, the Dakota signed treaties with the United States, ceding much of their land in Minnesota. Failure of the United States to make treaty payments on time, as well as low food supplies, led to the Dakota War of 1862, which resulted in the Dakota being exiled from Minnesota to numerous reservations in Nebraska, North and South Dakota and Canada.
context_section_description: Šóta (Old Chief Smoke) — an original Oglala Lakota head chief
  Siŋté Glešká (Spotted Tail) — Brulé chief who resisted joining Red Cloud's War
  Thaóyate Dúta (Little Crow/His Red Nation) —  Mdewakanton Dakota chief and warrior
  Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (Sitting Bull) — Famous Hunkpapa Lakota chief and holy man
  Tȟašúŋke Witkó (Crazy Horse) — Famous Oglala Lakota warrior
  Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagye (Touch the Clouds) –  Minneconjou Lakota chief and warrior
  Maȟpíya Lúta (Red Cloud) — Famous Oglala Lakota chief and spokesperson
  Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk) — Famous Oglala Lakota medicine and holy man
  Ité Omáǧažu (Rain-in-the-Face) — Hunkpapa Lakota war chief
  Tȟáȟča Hušté (Lame Deer) — Mineconju Lakota holy man and spiritual preserver
  Wí Sápa (Black Moon) —  Miniconjou Lakota chief
  Matȟó Héȟloǧeča (Hollow Horn Bear) — Sicangu (Brulé) Lakota leader
  Phizí (Gall) — Hunkpapa Lakota war chief
  Ógle Lúta (Red Shirt) — Oglala Lakota warrior and chief
  Inkpáduta (Scarlet Point/Red End) — Wahpekute Dakota war chief
  Waŋbdí Tháŋka (Big Eagle) — Mdewakanton Dakota chief
  Tamaha (One Eye/Standing Moose) — Mdewekanton Dakota chief
  Óta Kté (Luther Standing Bear/Plenty Kill) — Oglala Lakota writer and actor
  Núŋp Kaȟpá (Two Strike) — Sicangu Lakota chief
  Čhetáŋ Sápa (Black Hawk) — Itázipčho Lakota ledger artist
  Tȟatȟóka Íŋyaŋke (Running Antelope) — Hunkpapa Lakota chief
  Matȟó Watȟákpe (John Grass/Charging Bear) — Sihasapa Lakota chief
  Tȟatȟáŋka Ská (White Bull) — Miniconjou Lakota warrior and nephew of Sitting Bull
  Waŋblí Kté (Kill Eagle) — Sihasapa Lakota warrior and leader
  Šúŋkawakȟáŋ Tȟó (Blue Horse) — Oglala chief, warrior, educator and statesman
  Matȟó Wayúhi (Conquering Bear) — Sičháŋǧu Lakota chief
  Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ (Flying Hawk) — Oglala Lakota chief, philosopher, and historian
  Matȟó Wanáȟtake (Kicking Bear) — Oglala born Miniconjou Lakota warrior and chief
  Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká (Spotted Elk/Big Foot) — Miniconjou Lakota chief
  Hé Waŋžíča (Lone Horn) — Miniconjou Lakota chief
  Kȟaŋǧí Yátapi (Crow King/Medicine Bag That Burns) — Hunkpapa Lakota war chief
  Wičháša Tȟáŋkala (Little Big Man/Charging Bear) — Oglala Lakota Warrior
  Šúŋka Khúčiyela (Low Dog) — Oglala Lakota chief and warrior
  Wašíčuŋ Tȟašúŋke (American Horse) ("The Younger") — Oglala Lakota Chief
  Wašíčuŋ Tȟašúŋke (American Horse) ("The Elder") — Oglala Lakota Chief
  Tȟašúŋke Kȟokípȟapi (Young Man Afraid Of His Horses) — Oglala Lakota Chief
  Ištáȟba (Sleepy Eye) — Sisseton Dakota chief
  Ohíyes’a (Charles Eastman) — Author, physician and reformer
  Colonel Gregory "Pappy" Boyington — World War II Fighter Ace and Medal of Honor recipient; 1/4 Sioux
  Charging Thunder (1877–1929), Blackfoot Sioux chief who was part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in 1903, but remained in England when the show returned to America. He married Josephine, an American horse trainer who had just given birth to their first child, Bessie, and together they settled in Darwen, before moving to Gorton. His name became George Edward Williams, after registering with the British immigration authorities to enable him to find work. Williams ended up working at the Belle Vue Zoo as an elephant keeper. He died from pneumonia on July 28, 1929. His interment was at Gorton's cemetery.
  Ziŋtkála-Šá (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) — Author, educator, musician and political activist
caption: Chiefs Red Cloud and American Horse (1891)
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