page_title: Jólnir
hierarchical_section_title: Jólnir
caption_attribution_description: English: Two water-filled vents cap Jolnir Island on August 22, 1966, less than two weeks after it ceased erupting. Jolnir was formed during repeated submarine eruptions that began in October 1965 immediately SW of the new island of Surtsey (upper right). Jolnir Island was repeatedly built above sea level and then destroyed by erosion before it ceased activity on August 10. No lava flows were produced at Jolnir, and a month after this photo was taken the loosely consolidated ash deposits disappeared beneath the sea for the final time.
context_page_description: Jólnir was formerly a volcanic island south of Iceland. It was a former vent of Surtsey, along with Syrtlingur and Surtla. It emerged from the ocean as a result of active plate tectonics between December, 1965 and July, 1966. Oceanic erosion cyclically wore down the new lava as it formed, and the island sank below the surface several times.
  It was named for Jólnir, a Norse god.
  Jólnir's formation is closely linked to that of neighboring volcanic island, Surtsey, which emerged in 1963. Volcanic eruptions occurred in much of the surrounding water, but newly formed land was subject to erosion and many small islands washed away. By 1966, Jólnir had broken the surface and a volcanic cone of mafic tephra developed. The volcanic cone reached 64 metres above sea level, but even this landmass eventually gave way to the eroding ocean waves.
  After volcanic activity ceased on 8 August 1966, the Atlantic Ocean's waves rapidly eroded the volcanic island. Near the end of September 1966, the island disappeared below the Atlantic Ocean's surface.
context_section_description: Jólnir was formerly a volcanic island south of Iceland. It was a former vent of Surtsey, along with Syrtlingur and Surtla. It emerged from the ocean as a result of active plate tectonics between December, 1965 and July, 1966.  Oceanic erosion cyclically wore down the new lava as it formed, and the island sank below the surface several times.
  It was named for Jólnir, a Norse god (usually identified as a second name for Odin).
  Jólnir's formation is closely linked to that of neighboring volcanic island, Surtsey, which emerged in 1963.  Volcanic eruptions occurred in much of the surrounding water, but newly formed land was subject to erosion and many small islands washed away.  By 1966, Jólnir had broken the surface and a volcanic cone of mafic tephra developed.  The volcanic cone reached 64 metres (210 ft) above sea level, but even this landmass eventually gave way to the eroding ocean waves.
  After volcanic activity ceased on 8 August 1966, the Atlantic Ocean's waves rapidly eroded the volcanic island. Near the end of September 1966, the island disappeared below the Atlantic Ocean's surface.
caption: Jólnir on 22 August 1966, two weeks after volcanic activity ceased
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