page_title: Kalbids
section_title: Rulers
hierarchical_section_title: Kalbids / Rulers
caption_attribution_description: English: Lemons on Lipari, Aeolian Islands, Sicily, Italy Français&#160;: Citrons à Lipari (Iles Eoliennes, Sicile, Italie)
context_page_description: The Kalbids were a Muslim Arab dynasty in Sicily, which ruled from 948 to 1053.They were formally appointed by the Fatimids, but gained, progressively, a de facto autonomous rule.
  In 827, in the midst of internal Byzantine conflict, the Aghlabids arrived at Marsala in Sicily, with a fleet of 10,000 men under the command of Asad ibn al-Furat. Palermo was conquered in 831 and became the new capital. Syracuse fell in 878 and in 902 the last Byzantine outpost, Taormina, was taken. At the same time various Muslim incursions into southern Italy occurred, with new Emirates being founded in Tropea, Taranto and Bari. During this period there were constant power struggles amongst the Muslims. Nominally the island was under rule of the Aghlabids and later the Fatimids.
  After successfully suppressing a revolt the Fatimid caliph appointed al-Hasan al-Kalbi as Emir of Sicily, the first of the Kalbid dynasty. The Fatimids appointed the Kalbids as rulers via proxy before they shifted their capital from Ifriqiya to Cairo in 969.
context_section_description: al-Hasan al-Kalbi (948–953)
  Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi (954–969)
  Ya'ish (969-970)
  Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi (970–982)
  Jabir al-Kalbi (982–983)
  Ja'far al-Kalbi (983–985)
  Abdallah al-Kalbi (985–990)
  Yusuf al-Kalbi (990–998)
  Ja'far al-Kalbi (998–1019)
  al-Akhal (1019–1037)
  Abdallah (1037–1040), Zirid usurper
  Hasan as-Samsam (1040–1053)
caption: Citrus fruit, like lemons, are said to have been introduced to Sicily under the Kalbids
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