page_title: Agrakhan Peninsula
section_title: Ecology
hierarchical_section_title: Agrakhan Peninsula / Ecology
caption_attribution_description: English: An uncommon variant on Carl Van Verden’s important 1719 – 1721 mapping of the Caspian Sea. Around 1718 the Russian Tzar, Peter the Great, sponsored a number of cartographic expeditions to the farthest reaches of his vast empire. Most of these were headed up by Dutch navigators, the most experienced and mercenary of the era. Carl Van Verden, a Dutch seaman, was commissioned as a Russian naval officer and assigned the task of mapping the Caspian Sea. Though well known since antiquity the world’s largest lake was largely ignored by surveyors until Van Verden’s work in the early 18th century. Van Verden’s work had significant political ramifications. Peter the Great, Russia’s most expansionist Tzar, was determined to make the Caspian a “Russian Lake” and invaded the region in 1722 seizing Derbent and Baku. Copies of Van Verden’s work eventually made their way to Paris via Nicholas de L’Isle, brother to the more famous cartographer G. de L’Isle. Geographers in Paris quick recognized the importance of the work and the era most significant cartographers and map publishers, including Homann, De L’Isle, Moll, and Covens and Mortier, were quick to copy and publish their own variants of the Van Verden chart. This example is of the more obscure such charts. Published in Paris around 1730, this map offers a number of important elements. All text is in both French and transliterated Russian, so “Bulsebek” becomes “Usbech” and “La Mer Caspie” becomes “More Gualenskoi”, etc. Many of the mountains along the lake’s western and southern shores are noted and curiously rendered with an unusual lake-centric orientation. Also noted are the Caspian’s various reefs, shoals, sandbars, and other undersea dangers.
context_page_description: The Agrakhan Peninsula is a narrow peninsula in the Caspian Sea. It is located on the northwestern Caspian coast. The peninsula stretches northwards in a N/S orientation. It is long and narrow, with a length of 50 km and a width of 8 km. Chechen Island lies off its northern end, separated from the peninsula by a narrow sound.
  The Agrakhan Peninsula belongs to the Dagestan Republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation.
context_section_description: The Agrakhan Peninsula is a refuge for a variety of marine birds who are protected at the northern end by the Dagestan Nature Reserve. The protected area was established in 1983, and added to the Dagestan reserve in 2009.  It's a long 39,000 ha (96,000-acre) strip of territory on the northern Agrakhan Peninsula along the Caspian Sea that stretches from Chechen Island south to the Prorez River. It was founded for the protection of endangered animal species, including forty endangered species of birds that are listed in the Red Book of Russia and the red book of Dagestan, including the Dalmatian pelican or curlew.
caption: 1721 Van Verden map of the Caspian Sea with the Agrakhan Peninsula and Chechen Island.
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