page_title: Ottoman Empire
section_title: World War I
hierarchical_section_title: Ottoman Empire / History / Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) / World War I
caption_attribution_description: English: Picture showing Armenians killed during the Armenian Genocide. Image taken from Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, written by Henry Morgenthau, Sr. and published in 1918. Original description: "THOSE WHO FELL BY THE WAYSIDE. Scenes like this were common all over the Armenian provinces, in the spring and summer months of 1915. Death in its several forms---massacre, starvation, exhaustion---destroyed the larger part of the refugees. The Turkish policy was that of extermination under the guise of deportation" Français&#160;: Photo montrant le corps de plusieurs Arméniens abattus alors que se déroulait le génocide des Arméniens. Photo publiée dans Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, ouvrage rédigé par Henry Morgenthau senior et publié en 1918. Deutsch: Auf diesem Foto schrieb der amerikanische Botschafter Henry Morgenthau senior: „Szenen wie diese waren in den Frühlings- und Sommermonaten 1915 in den armenischen Provinzen der Türkei an der Tagesordnung. Tod in mehreren Formen—Massaker, Verhungern, Erschöpfung—vernichtete den Großteil der Flüchtlinge. Die türkische Politik war die einer Vernichtung unter dem Deckmantel der Deportation“.
context_page_description: The Ottoman Empire was a state that controlled much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. Although initially the dynasty was of Turkic origin, it was Persianised in terms of language, culture, literature and habits. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.
  During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power, under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeastern Europe, Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Northern Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states.
context_section_description: The war began with the Ottoman surprise attack on the Russian Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914. Following the attack, Russia and its allies, France and Britain declared war on the Ottomans. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut.
caption: The Armenian Genocide was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of its Armenian subjects. An estimated 1.5 million people were killed.
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