page_title: John III of Portugal
hierarchical_section_title: John III of Portugal
caption_attribution_description: English: Portrait of King John III of Portugal in the Museu de São Roque (St. Roch Museum). This painting represents John III (1502-1557), King of Portugal between 1521 and 1557. John is portrayed with short hair, thick beard that is going blonde, wearing a black coat and beret. It is a replica of the original portrait by the Flemish Master Anthonis Moro, made in 1522 (Prado Museum, Madrid). The actual portraits are attributed to Cristovão Lopes, son of Gregório Lopes, successor in the role of royal painter from 1550.Português: Retrato de D. João III de Portugal, no Museu de São Roque. O retrato representa D. João III (1502-1557), Rei de Portugal entre 1521 e 1557. D. João é representado com cabelo curto, uma barba densa e castanha que está a alourar, envergando roupa preta e um barrete da mesma cor. É uma réplica dum quadro pelo Mestre Flamengo Anthonis Moro, pintado em 1522 (Museu do Prado, Madrid). Este quadro é atribuído a Cristóvão Lopes, filho de Gregório Lopes e seu sucessor enquanto pintor da corte em 1550.
context_page_description: John III nicknamed The Pious was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 13 December 1521 to 11 June 1557. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. John succeeded his father in 1521, at the age of nineteen.
  During his rule, Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India secured Portugal's monopoly over the spice trade of cloves and nutmeg from the Maluku Islands, as a result of which John III has been called the "Grocer King". On the eve of his death in 1557, the Portuguese empire had a global dimension and spanned almost 4 million square kilometres.
  During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with both China, under the Ming dynasty, and Japan, during the Muromachi period. He abandoned Muslim territories in North Africa in favor of trade with India and investment in Brazil. In Europe, he improved relations with the Baltic region and the Rhineland, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.
context_section_description: John III (Portuguese: João III Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w̃]; 7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557) nicknamed The Pious (Portuguese: "o Piedoso") was the King of Portugal and the Algarves from 13 December 1521 to 11 June 1557. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. John succeeded his father in 1521, at the age of nineteen.
  During his rule, Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India (such as Goa) secured Portugal's monopoly over the spice trade of cloves and nutmeg from the Maluku Islands, as a result of which John III has been called the "Grocer King". On the eve of his death in 1557, the Portuguese empire had a global dimension and spanned almost 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles).
  During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with both China, under the Ming dynasty, and Japan, during the Muromachi period. He abandoned Muslim territories in North Africa in favor of trade with India and investment in Brazil. In Europe, he improved relations with the Baltic region and the Rhineland, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.
caption: Portrait by Cristóvão Lopes, 1550–1560
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