page_title: Pipe ramming
section_title: Pipe jacking
hierarchical_section_title: Pipe ramming / Pipe jacking
caption_attribution_description: English: Slurry Pipe Jacking Micro Tunneling
context_page_description: Pipe ramming is a trenchless method for installation of steel pipes and casings. Distances of 30 m or more and over 1,500 mm in diameter are common, although the method can be used for much longer and larger installations.
  The method is useful for pipe and casing installations under railway lines and roads, where other trenchless methods could cause subsidence or heaving. The majority of installations are horizontal, although the method can be used for vertical installations.
  The main differences between the Pipe ramming method and Pipe Jacking method are that Pipe ramming uses percussion and does not have a navigation system, while Pipe Jacking uses hydraulic jacks and does have an active navigation system. The Pipe Ramming method is preferable for shorter distances and applications that does not require very tight directional control such as cable installations.
  The method uses pneumatic percussive blows to drive the pipe through the ground. The leading edge of the pipe is almost always open, and is typically closed only when smaller pipes are being installed. The shape allows a small overcut, and directs the soil into the pipe interior instead of compacting it outside the pipe.
context_section_description: The pipe jacking method consists on the principle of driving the tunnel from a launch shaft in the direction of a target (or reception) shaft. 
  The alignment is controlled using a laser beam, from the launch shaft, which guides the machine thru the tunnel axis. The laser is the basic control device and it works with inclinometers and gyroscopes. The laser beam is directed to the machine cutter head and its position is controlled in real time by a navigation system at the surface.
caption: Navigation system for pipe jacking tunneling
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "1280", "Image ImageLength": "810", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "96", "Image YResolution": "96", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 Macintosh", "Image DateTime": "2011:09:27 11:47:34", "Image ExifOffset": "232", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "382", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "4407", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1000", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "500"}