page_title: Extended chord
section_title: 19th century
hierarchical_section_title: Extended chord / History / 19th century
caption_attribution_description: English: Chromaticism from borrowed chords and extended chords from the end of Alexander Scriabin's Preludes, Op. 48, No. 4, mm. 15-24.
context_page_description: In music, extended chords are tertian chords or triads with notes extended, or added, beyond the seventh. Ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth chords are extended chords. The thirteenth is the farthest extension diatonically possible as, by that point, all seven tonal degrees are represented within the chord. In practice however, extended chords do not typically use all the chord members; when it is not altered, the fifth is often omitted, as are notes between the seventh and the highest note, unless they are altered to give a special texture. See chord alteration.
  Chords extended beyond the seventh are rarely seen in the Baroque era, and are used more frequently in the Classical era. The Romantic era saw greatly increased use of extended harmony. Extended harmony prior to the 20th century usually has dominant function – as V⁹, V¹¹, and V¹³, or V⁹/V, V¹³/ii etc.
  Examples of the extended chords used as tonic harmonies include Wild Cherry's "Play That Funky Music".
context_section_description: In 19th-century classical music the seventh chord was generally the upper limit in "chordal consonance", with ninth and eleventh chords being used for "extra power" but invariably with one or more notes treated as appoggiaturas. The thickness of complete ninth, eleventh or thirteenth chords in close position was also generally avoided through leaving out one or more tones or using wider spacing (open position).
caption: Chromaticism from voice leading and borrowed and extended chords from the end of Scriabin's Preludes, Op. 48, No. 4; "though most vertical sonorities include the seventh, ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth, the basic harmonic progressions are strongly anchored to the concept of root movement by fifths."[7] About this soundPlay (help·info)
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