page_title: History of the Jews in Łódź
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: History of the Jews in Łódź / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Synagoga w Łodzi (ul. Pomorska 18)
context_page_description: History of the Jews in Łódź began at the end of the 18th century when the first Jews arrived to the city.The community grew and became one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe. During the Holocaust the Jewish population of the city was concentrated in the northern-district of the city, Baluty, where a Nazi ghetto was established. The community numbers a few hundreds and is headquartered at the Karol Gebhardt House located in 18 Pomorska Street in the city.
context_section_description: The beginnings of Jewish settlement in Łódź date back to the 18th century, the period of the fall of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city did not have the de non tolerandis Judaeis privilege. The first known Jewish inhabitants of the city were Daniel Layzerowicz, a baker and Abram Lewkowicz, a tailor. They both lived in Łódź already in 1785. In 1791 Mosiek aka Mojżesz Pryntz from Lutomiersk settled here. The first wealthy and learned Jews living in Łódź were: Pinkus Zajdler, who came from Przedbórz in 1795, Pinkus Sonenberg, who came in 1797 from Łęczyca, and Lewek Heber, who came to Łódź in 1801 from Lutomiersk. They all played an important role, performing the functions of successive members of the Jewish community.
  The influx of Jewish people to the town was not large until the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. Out of a total of 190 inhabitants, only 11 were Jews. It was undoubtedly influenced by the character of the city; it was still the so-called a typical agricultural village, not very attractive to newcomers. The fact that Łódź was the property of the bishop until the Second Partition of Poland was also of great importance for the Jewish settlement; only in the period 1796–1798 it became a government city.
  In the years 1818-1817 the Jews of Lodz constituted about a third of the city's inhabitants and most of them were poor. In 1825, German experts were invited to Łódź to help industrialize the city. The Germans signed a treaty called the "Zagirez Treaty" which included restrictions on the Jews. The Jews were required to live in the southern edges of the city, and move to the Jewish quarter within two years, except for two families who received permission to live in another part of the city. This area covered the southern side of the Old Market Square, Wolborska and Podrzeczna Streets up to the Łódka River. The area of the Jewish district was expanded several times: in 1841, the entire Old Town Square was included, Wolborska, Podrzeczna, and Drewnowska Streets, and in 1861, it was extended to the southern and western parts of Kościelny Square, Franciszkańska and Północna Streets.
  Although this ban only applied to Zgierz, the authorities By establishing factory settlements: Nowe Miasto and Łódka, they followed suit on the Agreement of Zgierz, therefore settling here handicraftsmen, the vast majority of them Germans, decided that the ban
  Jewish settlement also includes this area. Reluctant to Jews the attitude of Łódź weavers and handicraftsmen decided that The first Jewish inhabitant of Nowe Miasto was only left at the end of 1833, Ludwik M am roth, a wealthy merchant and component of Kalisz, which received permission from the government authorities to establish a warehouse here yarn. The next Jewish entrepreneurs who in the period until 1848 they were allowed to live in or set up a shop or yarn warehouse in Nowe Miasto were: Dawid Lande from Kalisz, Chaim Tykociner from Warsaw, Szmul Saltzman and Jakub Tyński. in total, until 1848, only 8 families lived there Jewish. The breakthrough came after the publication in September 1848 of the which definitely softened the limitations of the 1825 decree, between among others, it reduced by half the value of the property required from candidates wishing to live outside the district (previously PLN 20,000).
  In 1836 the Jews began to take an active part in the city's economy. In addition, this year educated Jews came to the city who fought for the dismantling of the ghetto and managed to live in the other part of the city as individuals in various tricks. In 1840 the authorities realized that the boundaries of the Jewish Quarter should be expanded as the number of Jewish residents in the city reached over 1350, but this plan was not approved. The Jews turned to the Russian commissioner and asked for official approval for "retrospective rights", the approval was given after 20 years when there were already about 5,500 Jews in the city. Despite the approval and expansion of the neighborhood, the place was still crowded and the municipality did not allow more Jews to s
caption: Synagogue in 18 Pomorska Street
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