page_title: Flesh-hook
hierarchical_section_title: Flesh-hook
caption_attribution_description: Bronze, with wooden oak shafts which are now lost. Late Bronze Age, about 1090 - 900 BC Dunaverney, Co. Antrim, Ireland
context_page_description: Flesh-hook is a term for a variety of archaeological artifacts which have metal hooks and a long handle, or socket for a lost wooden handle. Though the term may be applied to objects from other times and places, it is especially associated with the European Bronze Age and Iron Age. The metal shaft divides to form between two and five hooks with some sort of sharpened end. The purposes of the objects probably include pulling meat out of a pot or hides out of tan-pits. Some are plain in design but many are elaborately decorated, and if related to food, are clearly for the feasting hall rather than the kitchen; some have been found with cauldrons and other large vessels. Some Bronze Age types are regarded as ritual objects, perhaps never actually used for a practical purpose. The division and serving of meat at feasts and after sacrifices was a matter of great social significance, and some tension, in several cultures, as we know from early literatures; it is recorded as leading to fatal violence in both classical Greece and Irish mythology.
context_section_description: Flesh-hook is a term for a variety of archaeological artifacts which have metal hooks and a long handle, or socket for a lost wooden handle.  Though the term may be applied to objects from other times and places, it is especially associated with the European Bronze Age and Iron Age.  The metal shaft divides to form between two and five hooks with some sort of sharpened end.  The purposes of the objects probably include pulling meat out of a pot or hides out of tan-pits. Some are plain in design but many are elaborately decorated, and if related to food, are clearly for the feasting hall rather than the kitchen (if such a distinction existed); some have been found with cauldrons and other large vessels.  Some Bronze Age types are regarded as ritual objects, perhaps never actually used for a practical purpose.  The division and serving of meat at feasts and after sacrifices was a matter of great social significance, and some tension, in several cultures, as we know from early literatures; it is recorded as leading to fatal violence in both classical Greece and Irish mythology (see Champion's portion).
  The Hebrew Bible/Old Testament contains passages referring to the use of fleshhooks, one with three hooks, being used by Israelite priests to pull meat out of a cauldron.  The cauldron contained meat from sacrificed animals being cooked in a liquid ( 1 Samuel 2:13-14).
  There are only thirty-six known flesh-hooks from the Atlantic Bronze Age (2300 – 600 BC) Many more Iron Age examples exist.
  Notable examples:
  The very elaborate Bronze Age Dunaverney flesh-hook, found in County Antrim, Northern Ireland
  The Bronze Age Little Thetford flesh-hook, found in Cambridgeshire, England
caption: The Dunaverney flesh-hook
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