page_title: San Andrés (island)
section_title: Flora and fauna
hierarchical_section_title: San Andrés (island) / Flora and fauna
caption_attribution_description: English: Please report references to spam@lagrada.de. Deutsch: Quellenangabe und Beleg an spam@lagrada.de erbeten. Español: Por favor mandar informaciones sobre el uso a spam@lagrada.de. Deutsch: Ort:: de:San Andrés (Kolumbien) Español: Lugar: es:Isla de San Andrés (Colombia)
context_page_description: San Andrés is a coral island in the Caribbean Sea. Politically part of Colombia, and historically tied to the United Kingdom, San Andrés and the nearby islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina form the department of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina. San Andrés, in the southern group of islands, is the largest of the department. The official languages of the department are Spanish, English, and San Andrés–Providencia Creole.
  While San Andrés is located 50 km south of Providence, the Colombian archipelago is approximately 750 km north of the Colombian mainland. This archipelago encompasses a total area of 57 km², including the outer cays, reefs, atolls and sand banks, with the area of the islands being 45 km². In 2000, it was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, named "Seaflower Biosphere Reserve", which not only includes the islands but also about 10% of the Caribbean Sea, amounting to a vast marine area of 300,000 km². The purpose of this declaration is to ensure that the ecosystem, which is rich in biodiversity, is well preserved and conserved.
  The department's capital is located on the northern end of the island.
context_section_description: The island has rich floral diversity in its vast mangrove swamps, the largest mangrove forest on the island being the Old Mangrove Point Regional Park. There are 12 mangrove forests in red, black and white colors, rich with many species of flora and fauna revitalizing the ecosystem. There are also coconut palm trees, breadfruit trees, tall growth of local trees, green and lush pastoral lands and farm lands.
  The bird species named San Andres vireo (Vireo caribaeus), which can also be found at Providence and St. Catherine Islands, favors mangrove and scrub bush habitat. It is a small, innocuous, but delicate bird, green in color, in the family Vireonidae of order Passeriformes. It is about 5 inches (130 mm) in length, weighs about 16–20 g, found in clutch size of 2, and feeds on insects and fruits. IUCN has listed this bird species under the critically endangered list. Its habitat has been threatened due to large-scale expansion of the island lands for development of the capital city in the last few decades. It is reported that habitat of these birds is now confined to about 18 km² (6.9 sq mi) area in the southern part of the island. Its distinguishing noise feature (song feature) is a single note repeated 2–20 times. In order to protect this local species, it has been suggested that the mangrove swamps of the island be declared as a protected area. Another bird found in abundance on the island is the white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica).
  A number of subspecies of birds are endemic to the island. These include
  Green-breasted mango	Anthracothorax prevostii hendersoni
  Black-whiskered vireo	Vireo altiloquus canescens
  Tropical mockingbird	Mimus gilvus magnirostris
  Yellow warbler (Golden)	Setophaga petechia flavida
  Bananaquit		Coereba flaveola oblita
  Black-faced grassquit 	Tiaris bicolor grandior
  The aqua faunal species found here are oysters and crabs. The coral species found in the island's shores are: staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis), Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata), pillar coral, brain coral, Erythropodium caribaeorum, star coral (Astreopora), soft corals (Alcyonacea), finger coral (Porites porites) and sea pens.
  The only wild mammal that has been recorded from San Andrés is the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis).
caption: White-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) on San Andrés.
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