page_title: Cradleboard
section_title: Use
hierarchical_section_title: Cradleboard / Use
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: Dans sa conception, on note que l'appui-pied de ce porte-bébé est rectangulaire, et sa face inférieure convexe. Il est vissé à la pièce principale. Le cerceau est retenu par des vis, des clous, des lanières de cuir et une pièce de bois située de l'autre côté de la planche. La pièce principale forme un trapèze dont le bout le plus large est composé de dentelures. Comentaire Historique Ce porte-bébé est issu de la production artisanale des kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawks de Kahnawake). Richement décoré de motifs floraux et d’oiseaux sculptés en bas-relief, il est rehaussé de différentes couleurs. Les motifs polychromes symbolisent l'environnement dans lequel l'enfant est appelé à grandir. Selon les représentations, ils peuvent également marquer l'appartenance à un clan. La collection Coverdale conserve une trentaine de ces porte-bébés provenant de Kahnawake. La période de production de ces objets s’étend des années 1840 jusqu’au tout début du XXe siècle. Les motifs représentés se rattachent clairement au style victorien, dont l’influence se retrouve également et au même moment dans la production artisanale de plusieurs autres nations autochtones du Québec. Dimensions Hauteur 29.0 cm closeLargeur 26.5 cm closeLongueur 76.0 cm Periode 2e moitié du 19e siècle Culture Premiers peuples; Haudenosaunee; Iroquois; Kanien’kehá:ka; Mohawk Groupe Ethnolinguistique Iroquoien
context_page_description: Cradleboards are traditional protective baby-carriers used by many indigenous cultures in North America and throughout northern Scandinavia amongst the Sámi. There are a variety of styles of cradleboard, reflecting the diverse artisan practises of indigenous cultures. Some indigenous communities in North America still use cradleboards.
context_section_description: Cradleboards have been used in cultures ranging from the sub-Arctic regions of present-day Canada, down to Mexico and Central America. In Arctic regions, cold weather does not make a cradleboard feasible for the infant's survival, and infants are carried by being placed in a sling worn under the mother's parka. Cradleboards were widely used by indigenous people across present-day North America. Cradleboards are used by the Kickapoo people in Mexico and were used by Aztecs and the Seri people  and Mayan communities as far south as Belize. In present-day South America, most indigenous cultures used slings or pouches, sometimes called a rebozo, for carrying infants rather than cradleboards. Cradleboards were used in the southernmost part of the continent, however, in the Patagonia region.
  Cradleboards were used during periods when the infant's mother had to travel or otherwise be mobile for work, and needed to protect the infant. The cradleboard could be carried on the mother's back, using support from "tumplines", or "burden straps" that would wrap around her forehead, chest or shoulders; if she carried a pack as well as the cradleboard, the pack strap would go around her chest and the cradleboard strap would go around her forehead. The cradleboard can also be stood up against a large tree or rock if the infant is small, or hung from a pole (as inside an Iroquois longhouse), or even hung from a sturdy tree branch. They were also used when longer travel was required, as the cradleboard could be attached to a horse for transportation.
  In the southwest United States and northern Mexico, among cultures such as the Hopi and Apache, infants would spend most of their day and night in the cradleboard, being taken out of it for progressively longer periods, for up to five times per day. When the infant reaches the age when it can sit up unsupported, it is then gradually weaned from the use of the cradleboard, and spends progressively less time in it. At this time, the infant may use a second, larger cradleboard that replaces the first. By the time the infant is a year old and begins to walk, they are generally finished with cradleboard use.
  Cradleboard use and its effect on mother-infant interaction has been studied in Navajo communities. It has been shown that cradleboard use has no significant negative effect on this development. In the first few months of infancy, cradleboards have a soothing effect on babies. After 6 months of age or more, infants begin to resist being placed in cradleboards more vigorously as they become more mobile, and they are often placed in the cradleboard with their arms and hands free, so that they can play with objects hung from the cradleboard for their amusement.
caption: Iroquois cradle board
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