page_title: Sixth borough
section_title: Waterways and islands
hierarchical_section_title: Sixth borough / Within New York metro area / Waterways and islands
caption_attribution_description: English: Fort Jay on Governors Island, with the Lower Manhattan skyline in the distance
context_page_description: The term sixth borough is used to describe any of a number of places that are not politically within the borders of any of the five boroughs of New York City that have instead been referred to as a metaphorical part of the city by virtue of their geographic location, demographic composition, special affiliation with New York City, or cosmopolitan character. They include adjacent cities and counties in the New York metropolitan area as well as in other states, U.S. territories, and foreign countries.
context_section_description: In 2011, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg referred to the city's waterfront and waterways as a composite sixth borough during presentations of planned rehabilitation projects along the city's shoreline, including Governor's Island in the Upper New York Bay. Other individuals have also referred to the city's waterways as a sixth borough. Rikers Island has been called the 6th borough.
  A 2011 proposal by Vishaan Chakrabarti, a professor at Columbia University's Center for Urban Real Estate, suggested using land fill to connect lower Manhattan and Governors Island, so creating a new neighborhood referred to as "LoLo". Land fill has been used to expand Manhattan before, most notably in the creation of Battery Park City, which utilized material from the construction of the original World Trade Center. Chakrabarti and others have pointed out challenges to the proposal, which include cost, the strict regulations surrounding building with land fill, and the potential environmental effects of the project. The proposal was revisited in 2015 by author Jon Methven of The Awl, in which he referred to the proposed borough as "Frankenborough".
caption: Governors Island is one example of a place that has been referred to as a "sixth borough."[19]
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