page_title: History of Hungary
section_title: Second to Fourth Orbán governments: 2010–present
hierarchical_section_title: History of Hungary / Modern history / Third Republic (since 1989) / Second to Fourth Orbán governments: 2010–present
caption_attribution_description: EPP Summit December 2010
context_page_description: Hungary in its modern borders roughly corresponds to the Great Hungarian Plain.
  During the Iron Age, it was at the boundary of Celtic, Illyrian and Iranian cultural spheres.
  The name "Pannonian" comes from Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire. Only the western part of the territory of modern Hungary formed part of the ancient Roman Province of Pannonia. The
  Roman control collapsed with the Hunnic invasions of 370–410 and Pannonia was part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom during the late 5th to mid 6th century, succeeded by the Avar Khaganate.civil
  The Magyar invasion takes place during the 9th century.
  The Magyars were Christianized at the end of the 10th century, and the Christian Kingdom of Hungary was established in AD 1000,
  ruled by the Árpád dynasty for the following three centuries.
  In the high medieval period, the kingdom expanded beyond Pannonia, to the Adriatic coast. In 1241 during the reign of Béla IV, Hungary was invaded by the Mongols under Batu Khan. The outnumbered Hungarians were decisively defeated at the Battle of Mohi by the Mongol army. King Béla fled to the Holy Roman Empire and left the Hungarian population under the mercy of the Mongols.
context_section_description: Fidesz regained power in the 2010 general elections in a landslide, winning two-thirds of the seats in Parliament.
  In the autumn municipal elections, Fidesz achieved a majority in almost all local and mayoral elections, winning the traditional strongholds of the liberal parties.
  The Second Orbán Government promulgated the new Constitution of Hungary, adopted in 2011 and in force since 1 January 2012. 
  The main goal of the government was to restart economic growth. It introduced a flat tax system for income tax, 16% for everyone.
  Orbán discarded the idea of welfare state, stating that the Hungarian economy must be a work-based economy. By 2014 significant improvements were made in decreasing unemployment (from 11.4% in 2010 to 7.1% in 2014) and generating economic growth (reaching 3.5% in 2014, the top value among EU member states). But the growth has been very unequal: the wealth of the top 20% of the society grew significantly, while the ratio of people living below poverty line increased from 33% in 2010 to 40% in 2014. The government centralized the education system, and started a multiple-year-long program for increasing the salaries of teachers and health professionals.
  In the parliamentary elections of Spring 2014, Fidesz again won a supermajority, but only by a one-MP margin. In February 2015, a by-election was held in the city of Veszprém, where an opposition-nominated MP was elected, thus Fidesz lost its supermajority.
  Under the Third Orbán Government, the European migrant crisis of 2015 affected Hungary as one of the countries with a southern external border of the European Union. The government erected a border barrier along Hungary's border with Serbia and Croatia in summer 2015. Attempts by migrants to cross the barrier using force were met with riot police in September 2015.
  and the barrier was reinforced in 2016.
  The EU's Justice and Home Affairs Council approved a migrant quota plan. Following the decision, Hungary and Slovakia took legal action over EU's mandatory migrant quotas at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.
  The Hungarian government also called a referendum on the question in October 2016.
  While an overwhelming majority (98%) of those voting rejected the EU's migrant quotas, voter turnout at 44% was below the 50% which would have been required for the referendum to be considered valid.
  In the 2018 elections, Fidesz–KDNP again won a supermajority, with no change in the numbers of seats held. The Fourth Orbán Government was formed on 18 May 2018.
caption: Viktor Orbán, the Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002, 2010–present)
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