page_title: September 1965
section_title: September 28, 1965 (Tuesday)
hierarchical_section_title: September 1965 / September 28, 1965 (Tuesday)
caption_attribution_description: English: The cinder cone on the crater created by the phreatomagmatic eruption of Taal Volcano in 1965. The crater was eventually filled by the lava flows from the eruptions of 1968 and 1969.
context_page_description: The following events occurred in September 1965:
context_section_description: Around 2:00 in the morning local time, the Taal Volcano erupted on a small island within the Luzon province in the Philippines, killing several hundred island residents. Philippine national police would report on October 1 that they had recovered the bodies of 589 people  but another 2,000 persons would still listed as missing more than two weeks after the disaster.
  Cuba's Premier Fidel Castro announced that anyone who wished to do so was free to emigrate to the United States and that he would provide the transportation.  Castro made the announcement in a speech at Havana's Revolutionary Square, broadcast nationally on radio and television, said "We are not going to force people to like our revolution and our socialism, nor do we have any reason to do so”, but elaborated that people seeking to leave would have to write a letter to the Ministry of the Interior to ask for a permit before they could depart.  The small port of Camarioca, in the Matanzas Province near Varadero, was the point of departure.  The first boat would depart Camarioca on October 10, and watercraft would depart from Florida toward Cuba on the same day, with 4,993 people leaving over the next two months.  On December 1, air transportation would begin from the Varadero airport, and ten flights a week would take place until for the next seven and a half years, until the ports were closed on April 6, 1973.  During the period that Cubans were permitted to emigrate, 297,318 would travel to the U.S. by air.
  The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union announced drastic changes in the nation's industry, including using the measurement of profitability and saleability as the new indicators of successful production, rather than the number of units being produced in a particular period.  The announcement from the official news agency, Tass, also outlined plans to provide incentives to individual workers for increased production, more authority to local plant managers to make independent decisions on factory operation, and a more accurate system of calculating prices set by the state for consumer goods.  Premier Alexei Kosygin conceded that there were "certain difficulties in the advance of our economy" and that there had been "errors in planning", and urged that businesses "should retain from their profits more funds for the development of production" as well as reforming "absolutely insufficient" worker incentives.  Referring to capitalism, Kosygin said, "Our foes will, of course, seek to distort the essence of these decisions," but added that the reforms "will strengthen the position of socialism in the economic competition between the two different systems."  
  Dr. Sol Spiegelman, a molecular biologist at the University of Illinois, announced that he had successfully created the first synthetic life from a genetic code and chemicals, duplicating a self-replicating virus from the RNA of the original virus.
  Nine crewmen on the British garbage scow Sir Joseph Rawlinson died when the vessel sank after a collision with a hopper barge on the Thames River near Gravesend.  Another ten were rescued by the tug Danube VIII. The ship would raised in the following year.
  Carpinteria, California, was incorporated as a city.
  Born: Scott Fellows, American children's television producer and creator of Johnny Test and Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide; in New Haven, Connecticut
caption: Crater of Taal Volcano, Philippines, following the 1965 eruption
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