page_title: Linienzugbeeinflussung
section_title: Cable loops
hierarchical_section_title: Linienzugbeeinflussung / Line equipment / Cable loops
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Linienleiter im Gleis mit einer Kreuzungsstelle. In Bildmitte befindet sich eine Kreuzungsstelle, die Führung des 2. Kabels ist an der linken Schiene zu erkennen
context_page_description: Linienzugbeeinflussung is a cab signalling and train protection system used on selected German and Austrian railway lines as well as on the AVE and some commuter rail lines in Spain. The system was mandatory where trains were allowed to exceed speeds of 160 km/h in Germany and 220 km/h in Spain. It is also used on some slower railway and urban rapid transit lines to increase capacity. The German Linienzugbeeinflussung translates to continuous train control, literally: linear train influencing. It is also called linienförmige Zugbeeinflussung.
  LZB is deprecated and will be replaced with European Train Control System between 2023 and 2030. It is referenced by European Union Agency for Railways as a Class B train protection system in National Train Control. Driving cars mostly have to replace classical control logic to ETCS Onboard Units with common Driver Machine Interface. Because high performance trains are often not scrapped or reused on second order lines, special Specific Transmission Modules for LZB were developed for further support of LZB installation.
context_section_description: The LZB control centre communicates with the train using conductor cable loops. Loops can be as short as 50 meters long, as used at the entrance and exit to LZB controlled track, or as long as 12.7 km (7.9 mi). Where the loops are longer than 100 m (328 ft) they are crossed every 100 m (328 ft). At the crossing the signal phase angle is changed by 180° reducing electrical interference between the track and the train as well as long-distance radiation of the signal. The train detects this crossing and uses it to help determine its position. Longer loops are generally fed from the middle rather than an end.
  One disadvantage of very long loops is that any break in the cable will disable LZB transmission for the entire section, up to 12.7 km (7.9 mi). Thus, newer LZB installations, including all high-speed lines, break the cable loops into 300 m (984 ft) physical cables. Each cable is fed from a repeater, and all of the cables in a section will transmit the same information.
caption: Cable loop
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