page_title: Trophy hunting
section_title: African trophy hunting
hierarchical_section_title: Trophy hunting / Types of trophy hunting / African trophy hunting
caption_attribution_description: English: Huntress with a killed eland antelope (Taurotragus oryx) on a hunting farm in Namibia
context_page_description: Trophy hunting or sport hunting is hunting of wild game for human recreation. The trophy is the animal or part of the animal kept and usually displayed, to represent the success of the hunt. The game sought is typically a large or impressively ornamented male, such as one having large horns or antlers. Generally, only parts of the animal are kept as trophies and the carcass itself is used for food.
  Trophies are often displayed in the hunter's home or office, and often in specially designed "trophy rooms", sometimes called "game rooms" or "gun rooms", in which the hunter's weaponry is displayed as well.
  Trophy hunting has both firm supporters and strong opponents. Debates surrounding trophy hunting centrally concern not only the question of the morality of recreational hunting and supposed conservation efforts of big-game and ranch hunting, but also the observed decline in animal species that are targets for trophy hunting.
context_section_description: Trophy hunting has been practiced in Africa and is still practiced in many African countries. According to a study sponsored by International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the revenue generated by hunting tourism in seven Southern African Development Communities (SADC) in 2008 was approximately US$190 million. The practice of trophy hunting supersedes that of ranch or farm hunting, but game ranches helped to legitimize trophy hunting as a facet of the tourism industry in Africa. The first game ranches in Africa were established in the 1960s, and the concept quickly grew in proliferation. Statistics from 2000 illustrate that there were approximately 7000 game farms and reservations operating within South Africa, established on about 16 million hectares of land in the country. Game ranches attract wealthy tourists interested in hunting, as well as foreign investors on a large scale.
  Economists at Large Report demonstrated how little money actually reaches communities. Jeff Flocken of the International Fund for Animal Welfare, states that "despite the wild claims that trophy hunting brings millions of dollars in revenue to local people in otherwise poor communities, there is no proof of this. The money that does come into Africa from hunting pales in comparison to the billions generated from tourists who come just to watch wildlife. If lions and other animals continue to disappear from Africa, this vital source of income—nonconsumptive tourism—will end, adversely impacting people all over Africa".
  However, South African Environmental Affairs Minister, Edna Molewa, contradicts Flocken's conclusions by stating that the hunting industry has contributed millions to South Africa's economy in past years. In the 2010 hunting season, total revenue of approximately R1.1 billion was generated by the local and trophy hunting industries collectively. "This amount only reflects the revenue generated through accommodation and species fees. The true revenue is therefore substantially higher, as this amount does not even include revenue generated through the associated industries as a result of the multiplier effect", according to Molewa. South Africa's canned lion industry however runs the risk of damaging 'Brand South Africa' and it's profitable nature tourism industry.
caption: Huntress in Namibia with an eland antelope
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