page_title: Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun
hierarchical_section_title: Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun
caption_attribution_description: English: ISLAMIC, Egypt &amp; Syria (Pre-Fatimid). Tulunids. Khumarawaih bin Ahmad. AH 270-282 / AD 884-896. AV Dinar (21mm, 4.05 g, 6h). Misr (Cairo) mint. Dated AH 272 (AD 885/6). Citing Caliph al-Mu‘tamid and heirs al-Mufawwidh and Ahmad b. al-Muwaffiq. AGC I&#160;; Album 664.1. VF, flan a bit wavy, deposits on obverse. The dinar contains the standard set of inscriptions found on Abbasid coins of the late ninth century. As follows: Obverse center:‎ لا إله إلا \ الله وحده \ لا شريك له \ المفوض إلى الله "There is no god but God alone; He has no partner. [The heir-apparent] al-Mufawwad ila-Allah." Obverse inner margin: بسم الله ضرب هذا الدينار بمصر سنة اثنين وسبعين ومائتين "In the name of God, this dinar was struck in Misr the year two hundred and seventy-two (885-886 AD)." Obverse outer margin: لله الأمر من قبل ومن بعد ويومئذ يفرح المؤمنون بنصر الله "To God belongs the command [of all things] before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice in the help of God (Qur'an 30:4-5)." Reverse center: لله \ محمد \ رسول \ الله \ المعتمد على الله \ خمارويه بن أحمد "To God. Muhammad is the Messenger of God. [The caliph] al-Mu'tamid 'ala Allah. Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad." Reverse margin: محمد رسول الله أرسله بالهدى ودين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون "Muhammad is the Messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to proclaim it over all other religions, even if the polytheists dislike it (Qur'an 9:33)." For more details see: Bacharach, Jere L. Islamic History through Coins: An Analysis and Catalogue of Tenth-Century Ikhshidid Coinage. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN&#160;977-424-930-5. pp 15-19 Rogers, Edward Thomas. "The Coins of the Tuluni Dynasty." The International Numismata Orientalia, IV." London: Trubner &amp; Co., 1877. p. 17
context_page_description: Abu 'l-Jaysh Khumārawayh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn was a son of the founder of the Tulunid dynasty, Ahmad ibn Tulun. His father, the autonomous ruler of Egypt and Syria, designated him as his successor. When Ibn Tulun died in May 884, Khumarawayh succeeded him. After defeating an attempt to depose him, in 886 he managed to gain recognition of his rule over Egypt and Syria as a hereditary governor from the Abbasid Caliphate. In 893 the agreement was renewed with the new Abbasid Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, and sealed with the marriage of his daughter Qatr al-Nada to the Caliph.
  At the height of his power, Khumarawayh's authority expanded from the Byzantine frontier in Cilicia and the Jazira to Nubia. Domestically, his reign was marked by a prodigal squandering of funds on extravagant displays of wealth, construction of palaces, and the patronage of artists and poets. In combination with the need to maintain a sizeable professional army and guarantee its loyalty through rich gifts, this emptied the treasury by the end of his reign.
context_section_description: Abu 'l-Jaysh Khumārawayh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn (Arabic: أبو الجيش خمارويه بن أحمد بن طولون‎; 864 – 18 January 896) was a son of the founder of the Tulunid dynasty, Ahmad ibn Tulun. His father, the autonomous ruler of Egypt and Syria, designated him as his successor. When Ibn Tulun died in May 884, Khumarawayh succeeded him. After defeating an attempt to depose him, in 886 he managed to gain recognition of his rule over Egypt and Syria as a hereditary governor from the Abbasid Caliphate. In 893 the agreement was renewed with the new Abbasid Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, and sealed with the marriage of his daughter Qatr al-Nada to the Caliph.
  At the height of his power, Khumarawayh's authority expanded from the Byzantine frontier in Cilicia and the Jazira to Nubia. Domestically, his reign was marked by a prodigal squandering of funds on extravagant displays of wealth, construction of palaces, and the patronage of artists and poets. In combination with the need to maintain a sizeable professional army and guarantee its loyalty through rich gifts, this emptied the treasury by the end of his reign. Khumarawayh was murdered by a palace servant in 896, and was succeeded by his son Jaysh, who was deposed after a few months in favour of another son, Harun ibn Khumarawayh. The Tulunid state entered a period of turmoil and weakness, which culminated in its reconquest by the Abbasids in 904–905.
caption: Gold dinar of Khumarawayh, minted in 885/6 CE and bearing the names of Caliph al-Mu'tamid, al-Mufawwad, and al-Muwaffaq
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