page_title: Proteaceae
section_title: Taxonomy
hierarchical_section_title: Proteaceae / Taxonomy
caption_attribution_description: This is a scan of Plate 3 from Ferdinand Bauer's Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae. The plant featured is Banksia coccinea (Scarlet Banksia).
context_page_description: The Proteaceae are a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Proteales. Well-known genera include Protea, Banksia, Embothrium, Grevillea, Hakea and Macadamia. Species such as the New South Wales waratah, king protea, and various species of Banksia, Grevillea, and Leucadendron are popular cut flowers, while the nuts of Macadamia integrifolia are widely grown commercially and consumed. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentrations of diversity.
context_section_description: First described by French botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, the family Proteaceae is a fairly large one, with around 80 genera, but less than 2000 species. It is recognised by virtually all taxonomists. Firmly established under classical Linnaean taxonomy, it is also recognised by the cladistics-based APG and APG II systems. It is placed in the order Proteales, whose placement has itself varied.
  A classification of the genera within Proteaceae was made by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs in their influential 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family", until it was largely superseded by the molecular studies of Peter H. Weston and Nigel Barker in 2006. Proteaceae are now divided into five subfamilies: Bellendenoideae, Persoonioideae, Symphionematoideae, Proteoideae and Grevilleoideae. In 2008 Mast and colleagues updated Macadamia and related genera in tribe Macadamieae. Furthermore, Orites megacarpus was found not to be within the genus Orites, nor in the tribe Roupaleae, instead in the tribe Macadamieae, hence given the new species name Nothorites megacarpus. The full arrangement, according to Weston and Barker (2006) with the updates to genera from Mast et al. (2008), is as follows:
  Family Proteaceae
  Subfamily Bellendenoideae
  Bellendena
  Subfamily Persoonioideae
  Tribe Placospermeae
  Placospermum
  Tribe Persoonieae
  Toronia — Garnieria — Acidonia — Persoonia
  Subfamily Symphionematoideae
  Agastachys — Symphionema
  Subfamily Proteoideae
  incertae sedis
  Eidothea — Beauprea — Beaupreopsis — Dilobeia — Cenarrhenes — Franklandia
  Tribe Conospermeae
  Subtribe Stirlingiinae
  Stirlingia
  Subtribe Conosperminae
  Conospermum — Synaphea
  Tribe Petrophileae
  Petrophile — Aulax
  Tribe Proteeae
  Protea — Faurea
  Tribe Leucadendreae
  Subtribe Isopogoninae
  Isopogon
  Subtribe Adenanthinae
  Adenanthos
  Subtribe Leucadendrinae
  Leucadendron — Serruria — Paranomus — Vexatorella — Sorocephalus — Spatalla — Leucospermum — Mimetes — Diastella — Orothamnus
  Subfamily Grevilleoideae
  incertae sedis
  Sphalmium — Carnarvonia
  Tribe Roupaleae
  incertae sedis
  Megahertzia — Knightia — Eucarpha — Triunia
  Subtribe Roupalinae
  Roupala — Neorites — Orites
  Subtribe Lambertiinae
  Lambertia — Xylomelum
  Subtribe Heliciinae
  Helicia — Hollandaea
  Subtribe Floydiinae
  Darlingia — Floydia
  Tribe Banksieae
  Subtribe Musgraveinae
  Musgravea — Austromuellera
  Subtribe Banksiinae
  Banksia
  Tribe Embothrieae
  Subtribe Lomatiinae
  Lomatia
  Subtribe Embothriinae
  Embothrium — Oreocallis — Alloxylon — Telopea
  Subtribe Stenocarpinae
  Stenocarpus — Strangea
  Subtribe Hakeinae
  Opisthiolepis — Buckinghamia — Hakea — Grevillea — Finschia
  Tribe Macadamieae
  Subtribe Macadamiinae
  Macadamia — Lasjia — Nothorites — Panopsis — Brabejum
  Subtribe Malagasiinae
  Malagasia — Catalepidia
  Subtribe Virotiinae
  Virotia — Athertonia — Heliciopsis
  Subtribe Gevuininae
  Cardwellia — Sleumerodendron — Euplassa — Gevuina — Bleasdalea — Hicksbeachia — Kermadecia — Turrillia
caption: Flowers, leaves and fruit of Banksia coccinea, from Ferdinand Bauer's 1813 flora Illustrationes Florae Novae Hollandiae
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