page_title: Classical Anatolia
section_title: Roman Republic 190 BC – 27 AD
hierarchical_section_title: Classical Anatolia / Roman period / Roman Republic 190 BC – 27 AD
caption_attribution_description: English: Ancient Anatolia 264 BCE—180 CE. Showing Roman possessions in Asia Minor by: Yellow 133 CE; Green: 44 BCE (Death of Caesar); Brown: 14 CE (Death of Augustus) Pink: 180 CE (Death of Marcus Aurelius). Provincial names underlined in Grey (solid Imperial, dotted Senatorial) .... boundaries prior to Diocletian revisions c. 293 CE. Credits Derived from File:Roman_expansion_264_BC_Shepherd.jpg.
context_page_description: Anatolia in Classical Antiquity was first divided into several Iron Age kingdom, most notably Lydia in the west, Phrygia in the center and Urartu in the east. Anatolia fell under Achaemenid Persian rule c. 550 BC. In the aftermath of the Greco-Persian Wars, all of Anatolia remained under Persian control except for the Aegean coast, which was incorporated in the Delian League in the 470s BC. Alexander the Great finally wrested control of the whole region from Persia in the 330s BC. After Alexander's death, his conquests were split amongst several of his trusted generals, but were under constant threat of invasion from both the Gauls and other powerful rulers in Pergamon, Pontus, and Egypt.
  The Seleucid Empire, the largest of Alexander's territories, and which included Anatolia, became involved in a disastrous war with Rome culminating in the battles of Thermopylae and Magnesia. The resulting Treaty of Apamea in saw the Seleucids retreat from Anatolia. The Kingdom of Pergamum and the Republic of Rhodes, Rome's allies in the war, were granted the former Seleucid lands in Anatolia.
context_section_description: By 282 BC Rome had subdued northern Italy, and as a result of the Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) established supremacy over the Greek colonies of southern Italy. Shortly afterwards the Roman Republic became embroiled in the Punic Wars (264–146 BC) BC with Carthage in the western Mediterranean. As a result of these wars Rome found itself with overseas colonies and was now an imperial power. The next encounter with the Greeks arose from Macedonian expansion and consequent Macedonian Wars (214–148 BC). Direct invasion of Anatolia did not occur until the Seleucid Empire expanded its frontiers into Europe, and was crushed by Rome and its allies in 190 BC, forcing it to retreat to the eastern part of the region. Following this the major powers of western and central Anatolia (Pergamon, Bithynia, Pontus and Cappadocia) were frequently at war, with increasing Roman intervention politically and militarily. The Roman presence increased from sporadic intervention, to creating client states to direct rule by provincilisation.
  Part of Roman foreign policy was the declaration of foreign states as socius et amicus populi romani (ally and friend of the Roman people) by treaty agreements.
caption: Anatolia 264 BC – 180 AD showing Roman possessions by; Yellow: 133 BC; Green: 44 BC (Death of Caesar); Brown: 14 AD (Death of Augustus); Pink: 180 AD (Death of Marcus Aurelius). Provincial names underlined in Grey (solid Imperial, dotted Senatorial).... boundaries prior to Diocletian revisions c. 293 AD.
exif: {}