page_title: Coniston massacre
section_title: Aftermath
hierarchical_section_title: Coniston massacre / Aftermath
caption_attribution_description: English: A photograph of Gwoya Jungarai, known as One Pound Jimmy, by Walkabout staff photographer, cropped from his original full-length portrait.
context_page_description: The Coniston massacre, which took place in the region around the Coniston cattle station in the then Territory of Central Australia from 14 August to 18 October 1928, was the last known officially sanctioned massacre of Indigenous Australians and one of the last events of the Australian Frontier Wars. In a series of punitive expeditions led by Northern Territory Police constable William George Murray, people of the Warlpiri, Anmatyerre, and Kaytetye groups were killed. The massacre occurred in response to the murder of dingo hunter Frederick Brooks, killed by Aboriginal people in August 1928 at a place called Yukurru, also known as Brooks Soak. Official records at the time state that at least 31 people were killed, however analysis of existing documentation and Aboriginal oral histories reveal that the fatalities were likely to have been as high as 200.
context_section_description: Constable William George Murray remained with the Northern Territory Police until the mid 1940s. He retired to Adelaide where he died in 1975. William Morton moved out of the area several years after the massacre. Bullfrog was never arrested and moved to Yuendumu where he died of old age in the 1970s.
  One of the few survivors was Gwoya Jungarai, who left the area after the massacre destroyed his family.  A later picture of him as One Pound Jimmy became an iconic Australian postage stamp.
  Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri, a prominent Papunya Tula painter, was a survivor of the massacre. His father was away hunting and survived while his mother had hidden him in a coolamon under a bush before being shot and killed. The strong oral history established after the massacre is recorded in paintings by some indigenous artists and the Warlpiri, Anmatyerre and Kaytetye refer to the period as The Killing Times. Similarly, other massacres that have occurred in the Ord River region have been recorded by Warmun artists such as Rover Thomas.
caption: The Walkabout cover featuring One Pound Jimmy
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