page_title: Interstate 540 and North Carolina Highway 540
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Interstate 540 and North Carolina Highway 540 / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Picture of I-540 west, near Knightdale, North Carolina.
context_page_description: Interstate 540 and North Carolina Highway 540 are part of a partially completed beltway around the city of Raleigh in the U.S. state of North Carolina forming the Raleigh Outer Loop. When complete, the route will completely encircle the city, meeting its parent route of Interstate 40 in one location.
  The initial phase of construction is designated Interstate 540, and was completed in January 2007. It runs from Interstate 40 near the RDU Airport to I-87/US 64/US 264 south of Knightdale. The original plan was for the entire route to be designated as part of the Interstate Highway System, possibly renumbering the route to I-640 when the beltway was complete. When it became financially unfeasible to construct the entire route with public funds, it was decided that the remaining portion of the route would be constructed as a toll road and designated as a NC State Route rather than an Interstate Route. The first section of NC 540 was opened in July 2007 extending westward from the western terminus of I-540. Further extensions have carried NC 540 around the western side of Wake County to its current southwestern terminus south of Apex.
context_section_description: Planning for the highway originally started in the early 1970s; by 1976, the "Northern Wake Expressway" was added to the planning map.  In the mid-1980s, realizing that the growth in western Wake County may require more roads than planned, highway planners decided to expand the project as a new beltway around Raleigh.  In 1992, construction began on the first 3-mile (4.8 km) section of the Northern Wake Expressway, connecting I-40 with US 70.  On January 21, 1997, the freeway opened as Interstate 540.
  In the following ten years, the now known Northern Wake Freeway (so not to be confused with the Triangle Expressway) made several extensions:
  December 11, 1999: From US 70/Glenwood Avenue (exit 4) to Leesville Road (exit 7).
  December 21, 2000: From Leesville Road (exit 7) to NC 50/Creedmoor Road (exit 9).
  June 29, 2001: From NC 50/Creedmoor Road (exit 9) to Falls of Neuse Road (exit 14).
  August 12, 2002: From Falls of Neuse Road (exit 14) to US 1/Capital Boulevard/Triangle Town Boulevard (exit 16).
  January 16, 2007: From Triangle Town Boulevard (exit 17) to US 64/US 264/Knightdale Bypass (exit 26).
  From 1999 to 2002, each additional section of the freeway was designated as Future 540, until it connected with US 1.
  On July 14, 2007, a section of the loop from I-40 west to NC 54 and NC 55 was opened.  However, the route is signed not as I-540 but as NC 540. Officials decided to change the designation in early July at the urging of the North Carolina Turnpike Authority (NCTA). Work on the western and southern portions of the beltway, if paid for by state funds, would possibly not open until 2030. At the request of several Wake County mayors, the NCTA in 2006 began studying the use of tolls to complete these portions of the Outer Loop.
  The Authority concluded in early 2007 that it would be financially feasible to build the western section (along with an extended Durham Freeway, which combined would be called the "Triangle Expressway") using toll funds.  The NCTA apparently never wanted an interstate designation for the Western Wake Parkway. To lessen motorist confusion about where I-540 ended, the route was truncated to the I-40 interchange. All I-540 signs that were put up along the unopened stretch between I-40 and NC 55 were taken down in early July 2007; the new section is now signed as NC 540.  (In addition, I-540 as a completed loop would violate the Interstate numbering convention regarding three-digit routes, as spurs begin with an odd number and loops with an even number, and at one point, I-640 — the last remaining available number within the state, as I-240, I-440 and I-840 are already taken — was proposed for the loop.)
  Work to build the Western Wake Freeway, which would be renamed the "Western Wake Parkway" under the toll proposal, began August 12, 2009, with the Triangle Parkway portion opening in December 2011, and Western Wake portion scheduled to open in two phases in 2012.
  In October 2008, the authority was unable to issue bonds to fund the Western Wake Turnpike project as planned due to market conditions affecting municipal bonds such as those.  On July 29, 2009, the Authority closed on a revised $1.01 billion bond plan, consisting of $270 million in toll revenue bonds, $353 million in Build America Bonds, and a $387 million loan from the U.S. Department of Transportation under the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act.
  Groundbreaking was held on August 12, 2009 at the west end of Interstate 540. "A dozen dignitaries" used shovels painted gold as 150 watched.
  After work began on Western Wake Parkway in 2009, engineering and environmental studies began a year later for the Southern and Eastern Wake Freeways, also known as the Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension. Construction would begin in 2014 and be completed by 2019; however, it was delayed in March 2011 by the enactment of North Carolina Session Law 2011-7 (N.C. S.L. 2011-7), which forbid NCDOT to consider a few alternative routes.
  In 2010, NCDOT made an interchange improvement at I-540/I-40; adding another auxiliary lane from I-540 
caption: I-540 West, near Knightdale
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