page_title: Giresun
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Giresun / History
caption_attribution_description: Türkçe: Giresun liman›ndan Avrupa ülkelerine f›nd›k ihrac›na paralel olarak, 19. yüzy›l›n ortalar›ndan itibaren ticaretin getirdi¤i canl›l›k, Giresun’da yeni bir yaflam tarz› ve buna uygun bir konut tipinin ortaya ç›kmas›na neden olmufltur. Özellikle ticareti büyük oranda elinde bulunduran varl›kl› kesim, bugünkü ad›yla Zeytinlik Mevkii olarak bilinen Gogora Mahallesinde yeni bir yaflam alan› oluflturmufllard›r. Günümüzde bu bölgede 80 adet tescilli ev yer almaktad›r. Dar sokaklardan oluflan Zeytinlik Mevkiinde infla edilen konutlar; tafll›k, flenlik, çamafl›rl›k, sarn›ç, çeflme, kuyu, müfltemilat gibi birimleriyle kompleks yap› fleklinde tasarlanm›flt›r. Burada yer alan konutlar meyilli bir alan üzerine konumland›r›ld›¤›ndan her biri doluluk – boflluk oranlar› dikkate al›narak birbirlerinin manzaras›n› kesmeyecek flekilde s›ralanm›flt›r. ‹l merkezinde yer alan konutlarda cephe düzenlemesi bak›m›ndan üç farkl› tip kullan›ld›¤›, bunlardan ilkinin ve en çok kullan›lan›n “balkonlu cephe” tipi oldu¤u anlafl›l›r. Bu tipte girifl üzerinde elibelinde ya da sütunla tafl›nan bir balkon yer al›r. Balkonlar ahflap, metal ya da tafl olmak üzere üç tip gösterir. ‹kinci cephe tipi ise “direk ya da sütunlu kat ç›kmal› cephe” tipleridir. Bu tipteki cephelerde üst kat komple ç›kma yapar ve bu ç›kmalar dört ya da alt› adet ayakla tafl›n›r. Üçüncü tip cepheler ise “düz cephe” olarak adland›rd›¤›m›z cephelerdir ki bu tipte ç›kma ya da balkon görülmez. Giresun geleneksel konutlar›nda burgaç olarak da tan›mlanan ferforjelere çok önem verildi¤i ve her birimin kendine özgü bir ferforje tipi oldu¤u görülür. Ferforje uygulamalar› pencere, balkon ve t›rabzanlarda görülür ve her birinde ayr› bir düzenleme söz konusudur. Trabzanlarda, iki ucu spiralli dikey yönlü yass› metal çubuklardan ya da üst üste iki S k›vr›m›n›n yerlefltirilmesiyle düzenlenen metal çubuklardan oluflur. Pencerelerde ya C ya da S k›vr›ml› burgaç tipi uygulan›r. Balkonlarda ise S k›vr›ml›, elips görünümlü, kalp görünümlü, spiralli ya da dairesel bafll›kl› olmak üzere befl farkl› uygulama görülür. S k›vr›ml› düzenlemeler görünümüne göre kendi içinde farkl› tipler oluflturur. Giresun evlerinde bu tiplerin d›fl›nda herhangi bir ferforje uygulamas›na gidilmemifltir. Giresun evlerinde, süslemede kullan›lan motifler ve bunlar›n uygulama alanlar› neredeyse bütün konutlarda ayn›d›r, zanaatç› farkl› aray›fllara girmez. D›fl cephelerde; silmelerde, kornifllerde, saçaklarda, kap› söve ve lentolar›nda, pencere söve, lento ve saçaklar›nda, korkuluk burgaçlar›nda, tafl›y›c› sütunlarda, bahçe ve girifl kap› kanatlar›nda, konut içinde ise; oda kap›lar›nda, ocak yaflmaklar›nda, dolap kapaklar›nda ve tavanlarda süs unsurlar›na yer verilir. K›s›tl› alanlarda görülen motifler, uyguland›¤› yüzeyin formuna göre belirlenir. Malzemenin ifllenebilirli¤ine göre yüzeyler, uygun süsleme kompozisyonuyla doldurulmufltur
context_page_description: Giresun, formerly Cerasus, is the provincial capital of Giresun Province in the Black Sea Region of northeastern Turkey, about 175 km west of the city of Trabzon.
context_section_description: Giresun's history goes back to the late 6th century BC, when it was founded by Greek colonists from Sinope, 110  km east of the homonymous city founded by Pharnaces I of Pontus, using citizens transferred from Kotyora (modern Ordu), circa 180 BCE. The name of the city is first cited in the book Anabasis by Xenophon as Kerasus. Historic records reveal that the city was dominated by the Miletians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines and Empire of Trebizond. The older parts of the city lie on a peninsula crowned by a ruined Byzantine fortress, sheltering the small natural harbour. Nearby is Giresun Island, in ancient times called Aretias, the only major Black Sea island in Turkish territory. According to legend, the island was sacred to the Amazons, who had dedicated a temple to the war god Ares here. Even today, fertility rites are performed there every May, usually involving the famed boulder named the Hamza Stone on the east side of the island, now shrouded as a popular practice but in reality a 4,000-year-old celebration.
  Cerasus in late antiquity became a Christian bishopric, and the names of several of its bishops are preserved in the acts of church councils: Gregorius at the Council of Ephesus in 431, Gratianus at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, Theophylactus at the Third Council of Constantinople in 680, Narses at the Trullan Council in 692, Ioannes at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, and Simeon at the Photian Council of Constantinople in 879. An episcopal seal records a Leo of the 9th century, and a Michael was transferred from here to the see of Ancyra at the time of Michael Caerularius. It was the seat of a Greek Orthodox metropolitan until 1703, when the city was placed under the metropolitan of Trebizond. Accordingly, it is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople also considers Cerasus (Kerasous), together with Chaldia and Cheriana, as a titular metropolitanate in Turkey.
  During the medieval period, Kerasunt was part of the Byzantine Empire and later the second city of the Empire of Trebizond ruled by the Komnenian dynasty. Alexios II Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond, defeated the Turkmen "Koustoganes" at Kerasunt in September 1302; to secure his victory, Alexios II built a fortress which overlooks the sea. From 1244 onwards the Seljuk Turks moved into the area, pursued at times by the Mongol hordes until in 1461, subsequent to the fall of Constantinople, the whole of this coast was brought within the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Mehmet II. It was briefly occupied by Emirate of Hacıemiroğlu (Emirate of Chalybia) between 1398-1400. Local traditions claim that Kerasunt held out for many months after the fall of Trebizon in 1461, then surrendered on terms that the Christian inhabitants could remain and retain their arms, but were required to maintain a boat for the use of the Turks on a nearby river.
  4.2 km east-northeast of Kerasus is a fortified island called Ares (Αρητιας νήσος or Αρεώνησος). According to the poetic account of Apollonius of Rhodes, it was here that the Argonauts encountered both the Amazons and a flock of vicious birds. The Greeks of the island held out against the Ottomans for 7 years after the fall of Trebizond (modern Trabzon) in 1461.
caption: Ottoman houses in Zeytinlik neighbourhood
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