page_title: José María Hinojosa Lasarte
section_title: From iconoclast to Carlist
hierarchical_section_title: José María Hinojosa Lasarte / From iconoclast to Carlist
caption_attribution_description: Español: José María Lamamié de Clairac
context_page_description: José María Hinojosa Lasarte was a Spanish writer and political militant. As a man of letters he is considered one of the first if not the very first and the only genuinely surrealist poet in Spain, counted also among members of Generation ‘27. As a politician he acted in ultra-conservative realm, holding Carlist jefatura in Málaga and building Andalusian structures of the Agrarian party. Following more than half a century of oblivion, his memory and especially the circumstances of his death became a counter-reference to these of Lorca and are subject to politically-charged discussions.
context_section_description: Until the early 1930s Hinojosa did not engage in politics, though his literary stand – especially anti-religious threads, but also social provocations aimed against perceived bourgeoisie mentality – was clearly suggesting left-wing preferences; reportedly he also considered collectivization of family estates and might have visited the USSR to gain familiarity with the Soviet scheme. His later about-face and engagement in right-wing politics remain a mystery and have not been satisfactorily explained. Some scholars speculate that the USSR journey commenced the change. Others note that getting engaged in family business, for decades plagued by rural strikes and social tension, might have also led to his transformation. It is underlined that a love affair with Ana Freüller, apart from being an aviation pioneer a fairly typical wealthy girl who loathed his poetry, might have contributed to this shift in political preference. It is not clear whether the ambiguous stance of Hinojosa's artistic companions convinced him that he belonged to another world and caused him to overreact. Finally, some claimed that his surrealism was merely the caprice of a bourgeoisie señorito, opinion shared also by a few scholars.
  Hinojosa's biographers either claim that he started to embrace a right-wing mindset after 1928 or that the rupture took place sometime between 1925 and 1930. He was already highly skeptical – though not militantly averse yet – when the Republic was declared in 1931. In unclear circumstances he assumed the post of juez municipal in Campillos, the job which might have exposed him to cases of social violence. Starting July he was recorded as engaged in the establishment of a provincial landholders’ organization; later that year he became secretary of the newly emergent Federación Provincial de Sindicatos Agrícolas de Málaga and started to write agriculture-centred and conservatism-flavored articles in the local La Unión Mercantil. At that time Hinojosa demonstrated interest in Partido Nacionalista Español of José Albiñana and his former surrealist colleagues agonized that he was about to found a provincial branch of "partido fascista".
  Hinojosa finally decided to opt for another right-wing organization. José María Lamamié de Clairac, a landholder and a friend of his father, was at the time combining syndicate activity in agrarian groupings with political engagement in Carlism; it was him who convinced Hinojosa to follow suit. Since January 1932 he was taking part in Comunión Tradicionalista gatherings; in July 1932 he was already recorded delivering a lecture which hailed Catholic virtues of patriotic women, who bravely confronted renegade liberalism, and in early August he organized Carlist meetings in Málaga himself. He resigned the juez municipal post. Gaining recognition in nationwide Traditionalist press Hinojosa was getting identified as a belligerent "derechista” by the authorities; though he had nothing to do with Sanjurjada, in its aftermath he was detained and spent 2 weeks in a local prison, locked up with other Andalusian Carlists genuinely involved in the coup. The experience has only exacerbated his militancy.
caption: Lamamié de Clairac
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