page_title: Radiodonta
section_title: Interrelationships
hierarchical_section_title: Radiodonta / Classification / Interrelationships
caption_attribution_description: English: Frontal appendages of the radiodont species 'Anomalocaris' briggsi. 日本語: アノマロカリス類/ラディオドンタ類の1種 ' アノマロカリス ' ・ブリッグシ 'Anomalocaris' briggsi の前部付属肢。 References 参考文献: New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits (March 2013)
context_page_description: Radiodonta is an order of stem-group arthropods that was successful worldwide during the Cambrian period, and included the earliest large predators known. They may be referred to as radiodonts, radiodontans, radiodontids, anomalocarids, or anomalocaridids, although the latter originally refer to the family Anomalocarididae, which previously included all but recently only a few species of this order. Some of the most famous species of radiodonts are the Cambrian taxa Anomalocaris canadensis, Hurdia victoria, Peytoia nathorsti, and Amplectobelua symbrachiata, the Ordovician Aegirocassis benmoulai and the Devonian Schinderhannes bartelsi.
context_section_description: Traditionally, Radiodonta included all taxa under the class Dinocaridida, and taxa currently included within Radiodonta have been placed within one family, Anomalocarididae, hence the common name 'anomalocaridid' and it was still occasionally used to refer the whole order even after reclassification. Recently, the basal dinocaridid genera Pambdelurion, Kerygmachela and Opabinia were placed outside of Radiondonta, and most of the radiodont species were reclassified within three new families: Amplectobeluidae, Tamisiocarididae (formerly Cetiocaridae), and Hurdiidae. Including Anomalocarididae, the four recent radiodont families may form the clade Anomalocarida.
  The original description of the order Radiodonta included Anomalocaris, Laggania (later known as Peytoia), Hurdia, Proboscicaris, Amplectobelua, Cucumericrus, and Parapeytoia. However, Proboscicaris is now regarded as a junior synonym of Hurdia, and Parapeytoia is considered to be a megacheiran. The position of Cucumericrus within Radiodonta is unclear, as it was either unselected by phylogenetic analysis or resolved in a polytomy with Radiodonta and Euarthropoda.
  Under Radiodonta, Caryosyntrips is the basal-most genus alongside Cucumericrus (if included). The genus Anomalocaris always found to be non-monophyletic, usually with Anomalocaris kunmingensis and Anomalocaris briggsi resolved as a member of Amplectobeluidae and Tamisiocarididae respectively. Interrelationship of Amplectobeluidae is uncertain, as the amplectobeluid affinities of Lyrarapax and Ramskoeldia were occasionally questioned. Monophyly of the speciose family Hurdiidae is well-supported by several derived characters (e.g. distal articulated region of frontal appendage with proximal 5 podomeres bearing subequal endites), with Tamisiocarididae often suggested to be its sister group.
  Radiodonta
  ?Cucumericrus
  Caryosyntrips
  Anomalocarida
  Paranomalocaris (placed within Anomalocarididae by some studies.)
  Laminacaris (placed within Amplectobeluidae by some studies.)
  Anomalocarididae
  Anomalocaris (some species may placed within the other families.)
  Amplectobeluidae
  Lyrarapax  (position questioned by some studies.)
  Amplectobelua
  Ramskoeldia (position questioned by some studies.)
  Tamisiocarididae
  Tamisiocaris
  Anomalocaris briggsi
  Hurdiidae
  Aegirocassis
  Peytoia
  Schinderhannes
  Hurdia
  Ursulinacaris
  Stanleycaris
  Pahvantia
  Cambroraster
  ?Zhenghecaris
  Cordaticaris
  The first in-depth phylogenetic analysis of Radiodonta was conducted by Vinther et al. in 2014, and it was expanded by Cong et al. later that year by the addition of Lyrarapax unguispinus. The analysis was further modified in 2015 by Van Roy et al. with modified characters and the inclusion of Cucumericrus decoratus and Aegirocassis benmoulai.
caption: Frontal appendage of Anomalocaris briggsi. Despite the suggested generic name, this radiodont is unlikely to be a species of genus Anomalocaris based on phylogenetic analysis.
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