page_title: Literary language
section_title: Yorùbá
hierarchical_section_title: Literary language / Other languages / Yorùbá
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch&#x3a;&#32; Adschai Samuel Crowther (um 1809-1891), evangelischer Bischof von Nigeria, im Oktober 1888.English&#x3a;&#32; Bishop Samuel Adjai Crowther of Nigeria (c. 1807 - 1891).Magyar&#x202f;&#x3a;&#32; Samuel Adjai Crowther.Svenska&#x3a;&#32; Samuel Ajayi Crowther.Русский&#x202f;&#x3a;&#32; Самюэль Аджай Краутер.
context_page_description: A literary language is the form of a language used in its literary writing. It can be either a non-standard dialect or standardized variety of the language. It can sometimes differ noticeably from the various spoken lects, but difference between literary and non-literary forms is greater in some languages than in others. Where there is a strong divergence between a written form and the spoken vernacular, the language is said to exhibit diglossia.
  The understanding of the term differs from one linguistic tradition to another, and is dependent on the terminological conventions adopted. Notably, in Eastern European and Slavic linguistics, the term "literary language" has also been used as a synonym of "standard language".
  A related concept is liturgical writing, which is the language or form of language used in the liturgy of some religions.
context_section_description: Standard Yoruba is the literary form of the Yoruba language of West Africa, the standard variety learnt at school and that spoken by newsreaders on the radio. Standard Yoruba has its origin in the 1850s, when Samuel A. Crowther, native Yoruba and the first African Anglican Bishop in Nigeria, published a Yoruba grammar and started his translation of the Bible. Though for a large part based on the Ọyọ and Ibadan dialects, Standard Yoruba incorporates several features from other dialects. Additionally, it has some features peculiar to itself only, for example the simplified vowel harmony system, as well as foreign structures, such as calques from English which originated in early translations of religious works. The first novel in the Yorùbá language was Ogboju Ode ninu Igbo Irunmale (The Forest of A Thousand Demons), written in 1938 by Chief Daniel O. Fagunwa (1903–1963). Other writers in the Yorùbá language include: Senator Afolabi Olabimtan (1932–1992) and Akinwunmi Isola.
caption: Samuel Crowther's Yorùbá grammar led to Standard Yoruba becoming a literary language.
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