page_title: Dynamic functional connectivity
section_title: Electrophysiology
hierarchical_section_title: Dynamic functional connectivity / Physiological evidence / Multi modal approach / Electrophysiology
caption_attribution_description: English: Subject ready for EEG recording at the phonetics lab, Stockholm University
context_page_description: Dynamic functional connectivity refers to the observed phenomenon that functional connectivity changes over a short time. Dynamic functional connectivity is a recent expansion on traditional functional connectivity analysis which typically assumes that functional networks are static in time. DFC is related to a variety of different neurological disorders, and has been suggested to be a more accurate representation of functional brain networks. The primary tool for analyzing DFC is fMRI, but DFC has also been observed with several other mediums. DFC is a recent development within the field of functional neuroimaging whose discovery was motivated by the observation of temporal variability in the rising field of steady state connectivity research.
context_section_description: Correlation between DFC and electrophysiology has led some scientists to suggest that DFC could reflect hemodynamic results of dynamic network behavior that has been seen in single cell analysis of neuron populations.  Although hemodynamic response is too slow to reflect a one-to-one correspondence with neural network dynamics, it is plausible that DFC is a reflection of the power of some frequencies of electrophysiology data.
  Electroencephalography (EEG) has also been used in humans to both validate and interpret observations made in DFC.  EEG has poor spatial resolution because it is only able to acquire data on the surface of the scalp, but it is reflective of broad electrical activity from many neurons.  EEG has been used simultaneously with fMRI to account for some of the inter scan variance in FC.  EEG has also been used to show that changes in FC are related to broad brain states observed in EEG.
caption: Full EEG caps like the one above are often used simultaneously with fMRI in order to capture information about the electrical signals underlying the BOLD signal.
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