page_title: Sidesaddle
section_title: Riding techniques
hierarchical_section_title: Sidesaddle / Riding techniques
caption_attribution_description: English: Image from book Horsemanship for Women by Theodore Hoe Mead
context_page_description: Sidesaddle riding is a form of equestrianism that uses a type of saddle which allows a rider to sit aside rather than astride an equine. Sitting aside dates back to antiquity and developed in European countries in the Middle Ages as a way for women in skirts to ride a horse in a modest fashion while also wearing fine clothing. It has retained a specialty niche even in the modern world.
context_section_description: Riding correctly is critical to protect the horse from injury as well as for the safety of the rider.  Because both legs of the rider are on the same side of the horse, there is considerable concern that too much weight will be placed on only one side of the horse, which can cause physical harm to the animal.  In addition, if a rider is not balanced, a sidesaddle may need to be cinched up far tighter than would a regular saddle, leading to discomfort in the animal and even possible breathing difficulties.
  Correct posture is essential for balance and security in a sidesaddle and is specifically judged in sidesaddle classes.  The rider sits squarely on the horse with the spine of the rider centered over the spine of the horse.  The shoulders and hips are square to the horse, not twisted or turned off-center.  The hands must be carried square to the horse, keeping both reins at the same length and tension.
  Only one stirrup is used and it places the rider's heel higher on the horse's body than when riding astride.  The left ankle is flexed and the heel of the left leg is kept down for proper balance, accurate contact with the horse, and correct placement in the stirrup.  For modern riders, there are competing schools of thought as to the position of the right leg.  Some argue that the right heel is also to be flexed down and the toe up, the same as when riding astride, while others argue that the toe of the right leg should be pointed down.  Advocates for each toe position both argue that the position is required to maintain correct balance and make effective use of the leg muscles.  In either case, when needed, the rider can squeeze her right (top) leg downwards and against the upper pommel, and her left (bottom) leg upwards into the leaping head to create an extremely strong grip. It is tiring for both the rider and the horse to maintain this emergency hold, however, and most riders rely upon good position, balance, and coordination to maintain their seat.
  The spur and the whip are employed as supportive riding aids, in addition to weight and seat, used in a humane manner for cueing, not punishment. The English rider's whip is carried on the off (right) side, and is used in place of the rider's right leg to cue the horse on the off side. The sidesaddle whip is between two and four feet long, depending on style of equipment and competition rules, when applicable.  Western riders generally use the romal (a type of long quirt attached to the end of a set of closed reins) to support cues in place of the right leg.  If the rider wears a spur to assist the use of her leg, she will wear only one, on the left boot.
  Riders hold the reins evenly, not allowing one rein to be longer than the other.  Most sidesaddle designs also force the rider to carry her hands a bit higher and farther from the horse's mouth than in a regular saddle. Because high hands on a direct pressure bit such as the snaffle bit may encourage the horse to carry its head too high, use of bits with curb bit pressure, such as a pelham bit or a double bridle, which help the horse lower its head to a proper position, are often seen in sidesaddle competition.
  The horse used in sidesaddle riding will have additional training to accustom it to the placement of the rider and the use of the whip to replace off side leg commands.  The horse also may need to adapt to a different and higher hand position.  However, most well-trained horses adapt to the basics fairly quickly and generally can be used for riding both sidesaddle and astride.
  In the past, when the sidesaddle was common, it was recommended to frequently change from one side to another, to prevent irregular development of thigh muscles, especially in girls who start riding in childhood; this would be impossible with the usual modern design of sidesaddle, unless the rider had available two sidesaddles, one left-sided and one right-sided.
caption: Lateral movement. Left hand holds the reins while the right hand gently uses the whip in place of the missing right leg.
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