page_title: NGC 4535
section_title: References
hierarchical_section_title: NGC 4535 / References
caption_attribution_description: English: NGC 4535 Picture Details: Optics 24-inch RC Optical Systems Telescope Camera SBIG STL11000 CCD Camera Filters Custom Scientific Dates April 29th Location Mount Lemmon SkyCenter Exposure LRGB = 165:40:40:40 minutes Acquisition TheSky (Software Bisque), Maxim DL/CCD (Cyanogen) Processing CCDStack (CCDWare), Mira (MiraMetrics), Maxim DL (Cyanogen), Photoshop CS3 (Adobe) Credit Line and Copyright Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
context_page_description: NGC 4535 is a barred spiral galaxy located some 54 million light years from Earth in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies and is located 4.3° from Messier 87. The galactic plane of NGC 4535 is inclined by an angle of 43° to the line of sight from the Earth. The morphological classification of NGC 4535 in the De Vaucouleurs system is SABc, which indicates a bar structure across the core, no ring, and loosely wound spiral arms. The inner part of the galaxy has two spiral arms, which branch into multiple arms further away. The small nucleus is of type HII, meaning the spectrum resembles that of an H II region.
  During 1999, the Hubble Space Telescope was used to observe Cepheid variable stars in NGC 4535. The period-luminosity relationship for these objects yielded a distance modulus of 31.02 ± 0.26 magnitude. This corresponded to a physical distance estimate of 52.2 ± 6.2 Mly Mpc, which was consistent with distance estimates for other members of the Virgo Cluster.
context_section_description: Skrutskie, M. F.;  et al. (February 2006), "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)", The Astronomical Journal, 131 (2): 1163–1183, Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S, doi:10.1086/498708.
  Crook, Aidan C.;  et al. (February 2007), "Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey", The Astrophysical Journal, 655 (2): 790–813, arXiv:astro-ph/0610732, Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..790C, doi:10.1086/510201.
  Gurovich, Sebastián;  et al. (September 2010), "The Slope of the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation", The Astronomical Journal, 140 (3): 663–676, arXiv:1004.4365, Bibcode:2010AJ....140..663G, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/663. See Table 2.
  Vollmer, B.;  et al. (March 2010), "The influence of the cluster environment on the large-scale radio continuum emission of 8 Virgo cluster spirals", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 512: A36, arXiv:1001.3597, Bibcode:2010A&A...512A..36V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913591.
  Boquien, M.;  et al. (March 2012), "The IRX-β relation on subgalactic scales in star-forming galaxies of the Herschel Reference Survey", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 539: A145, arXiv:1201.2405, Bibcode:2012A&A...539A.145B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118624, hdl:1854/LU-3001157.
  Buta, Ronald J.;  et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, 232, ISBN 978-0521820486.
  Macri, L. M.;  et al. (August 1999), "The Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project. XVIII. The Discovery of Cepheids and a New Distance to NGC 4535 Using the Hubble Space Telescope", The Astrophysical Journal, 521 (1): 155–178, arXiv:astro-ph/9901332, Bibcode:1999ApJ...521..155M, doi:10.1086/307541.
caption: NGC 4535 imaged with a 24-inch telescope
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "4008", "Image ImageLength": "2672", "Image BitsPerSample": "[16, 16, 16]", "Image Compression": "Uncompressed", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Make": "SBIG ST-L-11K 3 CCD Camera w/ AO", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image PlanarConfiguration": "1", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CS3 Windows", "Image DateTime": "2008:06:05 13:38:00", "Image ExifOffset": "300", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "438", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "2409", "EXIF ColorSpace": "Uncalibrated", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "900", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "636"}