page_title: Economy of Japan
section_title: Economic history
hierarchical_section_title: Economy of Japan / Economic history
caption_attribution_description: English: Suruga Street (Surugachō), from the series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo (Meisho Edo hyakkei). Utagawa Hiroshige designed an ukiyo-e print with Mt. Fuji and Echigoya as landmarks. Echigoya is the former name of Mitsukoshi named after the former province of Echigo. The Mitsukoshi headquarters are located on the left side of the street. 日本語: する賀てふ。名所江戸百景 駿河町（歌川広重）越後屋の暖簾を見ることができる。 三越絵葉書明治大正時代
context_page_description: The economy of Japan is a highly developed free-market economy. It is the third-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity. and is the world's second largest developed economy. Japan is a member of the G7 and GroupofTwenty. According to the International Monetary Fund, the country's per capita GDP was at $38,937. Due to a volatile currency exchange rate, Japan's GDP as measured in dollars fluctuates sharply. Accounting for these fluctuations through the use of the Atlas method, Japan is estimated to have a GDP per capita of around $38,490. The Japanese economy is forecast by the Quarterly Tankan survey of business sentiment conducted by the Bank of Japan. The Nikkei 225 presents the monthly report of top blue chip equities on Japan Exchange Group, which is the world's third-largest stock exchange by market capitalisation. In 2018, Japan was the world's fourth-largest importer and the fourth-largest exporter. It has the world's second-largest foreign-exchange reserves worth $1.3 trillion. It ranks 29th on Ease of doing business index and 5th on Global Competitiveness Report. It ranks first in the world in the Economic Complexity Index.
context_section_description: The economic history of Japan is one of the most studied. First was the foundation of Edo (in 1603) to whole inland economic developments, second was the Meiji Restoration (in 1868) to be the first non-European power, third was after the defeat of World War II (in 1945) when the island nation rose to become the world's second largest economy.
caption: An 1856 ukiyo-e depicting Echigoya, the current Mitsukoshi
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