page_title: Torovirus
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Torovirus / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Electron micrograph of equine torovirus particles. Three virus particles are shown, they are about 100 nanometers in diameter and have been negatively stained with ammonium molybdate.
context_page_description: Torovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Nidovirales, in the family Tobaniviridae, in the subfamily Torovirinae. They primarily infect vertebrates., especially cattle, pig, and horse. Diseases associated with this genus include: gastroenteritis, which commonly presents in mammals, Torovirus is the sole genus in the monotypic subfamily Torovirinae. Torovirus is also a monotypic taxon, containing only one subgenus, Renitovirus.
  The discovery of the first torovirus can be traced back to 1970s. Equine torovirus was accidentally found in the rectal sample from a horse who was suffering from severe diarrhea. The ‘Breda’ bovine torovirus was later found in 1979 while investigation in a dairy farm in Breda. They had several calves suffering from severe diarrhea for months. In 1984, torovirus like particles were detected with Electron Microscope technique in the human patients with gastroenteritis.
  Although, the morbidity and the complications due to the torovirus are unwitnessed in humans so far, there is a lot more research required to better understand the behavior of the toroviruses.
context_section_description: In 1972, a virus was isolated from a horse in Berne, Switzerland. The virus did not react with antisera against known equine viruses and was shown to have a unique morphology and substructure. In 1982 a similar, unclassified virus was isolated from calves in Breda, Iowa. In 1984 particles resembling these viruses were discovered in the faeces of humans. On the basis of the available information on these viruses, the establishment of a new family of viruses—Toroviridae—was proposed at the 6th International Congress on the Taxonomy of Viruses at Sendai, Japan, but the genus is currently assigned to the subfamily Torovirinae in the family Tobaniviridae, order Nidovirales.
caption: Three equine torovirus particles, they are about 100 nanometers in diameter.
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