page_title: Samandarin
section_title: Samandarine family
hierarchical_section_title: Samandarin / Samandarine family
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: ♂ - Feuersalamander Nr. 1 Ohrdrüsen, Sekretion von Neurotoxin. Nr. 2 Rippenbogen mit laterodorsalen Drüsen. Nr. 3 Mediodorsale Drüsen. Nr. 4 Zehen ohne Schwimmhäute. Nr. 5 Jacobson-Organ. Fundort: Etang de la Maourine, Toulouse. English: ♂ - Fire Salamander No. 1 Parotide gland, neurotoxin. No. 2 Costal furrows with latero-dosrales glands. No. 3 Mid-dorsal glands. No. 4 Fingers not webbed. No. 5 Vomeronasal organ. Locality: Maourine pond, Toulouse, France. Español: ♂ - Salamandra común No. 1 Glándula parotídea, secreción neurotóxica. No. 2 Surcos laterales con glándulas laterodorsales. No. 3 Glándulas mediodorsales. No. 4 Dedos no palmeados. No. 5 Órgano vómeronasal. Localidad: Estanque de Maourine, Toulouse, Francia. Français: ♂ - salamandre tachetée N°1 Glande parotoïde, sécrétion neurotoxique. N°2 Sillons costaux, avec glandes latéro-dosrales. N°3 Glandes médio-dorsale. N°4 Doigts libres non palmés. N°5 Organe voméro-nasal. Localité: Étang de la Maourine, Toulouse, France. Museum of Toulouse&#160;Native nameMuséum de ToulouseLocationToulouse, FranceCoordinates43°&#160;35′&#160;38.21″&#160;N, 1°&#160;26′&#160;56.90″&#160;E&#160; &#160;Established1796: established&#160;; 1865: opened to publicWebsitewww.museum.toulouse.fr
context_page_description: Samandarin or Samandarine is the main steroidal alkaloid secreted by the fire salamander. The compound is extremely toxic. Poisoning can cause convulsions, respiratory paralysis, and eventual death. Samandarin is also believed to be the active ingredient in Salamander brandy, a Slovenian drink with purported hallucinogenic and aphrodisiac effects.
context_section_description: Samandarin belongs to a family of toxic compounds called samandarines. Samandarines are biologically active, lipid-soluble steroidal alkaloids. They all contain a similar 7-6-6-5 fused ring system. Nine structures in this family have been characterized. 
  Samandarines are exclusively produced and secreted by the fire salamander through their parotoid glands (20 mg/gland). Samandarin is the main component of these poisons, although the precise ratio of the samandarine alkaloids can vary from species to species.
  Fire salamanders are indigenous to central Europe and reside in deciduous forests. They secrete the samandarine toxins for protection from predators. Salamander venom has been shown to be toxic to mammals, birds, fishes, and even other amphibians. It has also been suggested that samandarines prevent the salamander from contracting bacterial and fungal infections.
caption: Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra).
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