page_title: First Constitutional Era
section_title: First term, 1877
hierarchical_section_title: First Constitutional Era / First term, 1877
caption_attribution_description: Türkçe: Ziya Paşa
context_page_description: The First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the Kanûn-ı Esâsî, written by members of the Young Ottomans, that began on 23 December 1876 and lasted until 14 February 1878. These Young Ottomans were dissatisfied by the Tanzimat and instead pushed for a constitutional government similar to that in Europe. The constitutional period started with the dethroning of Sultan Abdulaziz. Abdul Hamid II took his place as Sultan. The era ended with the suspension of the Ottoman Parliament and the constitution by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, with which he restored his own absolute monarchy.
  The first constitutional era did not include any party system. At the time, the Ottoman Parliament was seen as the voice of the people but not as a venue for the formation of political parties and organizations.
  The elections for the Parliament were held in accordance with the provisional electoral regulations. The Parliament was composed in two stages. The lower house of the bicameral legislature was the Chamber of Deputies, while the upper house was the Senate.
context_section_description: The members' reactions to the approaching war were very strong, and Sultan Abdul Hamid II asked for new elections citing the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).
caption: Ziya Pasha, member of the first Ottoman Parliament.
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