page_title: Cuprospinel
section_title: Other reactions
hierarchical_section_title: Cuprospinel / Recyclable catalyst for organic reactions / Other reactions
caption_attribution_description: English: Arylation between acetylacetone with iodobenzene. Adapted from the article - ChemCatChem, 2014. 6(3): p. 815-823
context_page_description: Cuprospinel is a mineral that occurs naturally in Baie Verte, Newfoundland, Canada. The mineral was found in an exposed ore dump, on the property of Consolidated Rambler Mines Limited near Baie Verte, Newfoundland. The mineral was first characterized by Ernest Henry Nickel, a mineralogist with the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources in Australia, in 1973.
  Cuprospinel is an inverse spinel with the formula CuFe₂O₄, where copper substitutes some of the iron cations in the structure. Its structure is similar to that of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, yet with slightly different chemical and physical properties due to the presence of copper.
context_section_description: CuFe₂O₄ can also be applied for C-C cleavage α-arylation between acetylacetone with iodobenzene. The phenylacetone product was obtained with excellent yield at 99% and 95% selectivity observed for principal product compared to 3-phenyl-2,4-pentanedione as the byproduct. The XRD results were observed that crystal structure of catalyst remained unchanged after the sixth run while catalytic activity slightly decreases at 97% conversion in the final run. In this reaction, the mechanistic study showed the catalytic cycle started from Cuᴵᴵ to Cuᴵ and then oxidized to Cuᴵᴵ by aryl iodine.
  The role of copper has been further emphasized in the coupling reaction of ortho-arylated phenols and dialkylformamides. It was observed that there was a single-electron oxidative addition of copperᴵᴵ to copperᴵᴵᴵ through a radical step, then transformed back to copperI by reductive elimination in the presence of either oxygen or peroxide. Catalyst can be reused 9 times without significant loss in catalytic activities.
caption: Arylation between acetylacetone with iodobenzene. Adapted from Nguyen et al. 2014.[13]
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