page_title: Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin
section_title: Work
hierarchical_section_title: Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin / Work
caption_attribution_description: English: Photo of the Marjani Madrasha in Kazan
context_page_description: Rizaeddin bin Fakhreddin was a Bashkir and Tatar scholar and publicist who lived in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. His numerous works on religious, political and pedagogical subjects were a part of the Jadidist movement, and the newspaper Shura, which he created and published, was an important way of political discussion for Muslims in the late Empire.
context_section_description: As it was a part of Jadidism, Fakhreddins work was influenced by many other Djadids. For example, he studied at the Madrasa of Şihabetdin Märcani for some time and later met the political activist Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī during a journey in St. Petersburg. The Egyptian scholar Muhammad Abduh was another influence.
  Fakhreddin spoke Arabic, Persian, Turkic and Russian. He used Turki, which had been proclaimed by Ismail Gaspirali as common language for all Turkic people, but kept Tatar linguistic peculiarities.
  Fakhreddin was an extremely productive author, who wrote more than sixty books during his life. His most important work is a two-volume edition of biographies of Central Asian Scholars (Asar and Meshhur Irler), which he wrote while he was at the archive of the Muslim religious administration. On some of the depicted individuals (which include Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Ibn Arabi, Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah) his work still remains the best source.
  He also published journalistic texts, books and essays on the general situation of Muslims in Russia, pedagogical works or on social debates (for example on women's education and family politics). His essay Rusya Muslimanlarining ihtiyachlari ve anlar haqinda intiqad, published in 1906, is a critique against the reform demands of the Ulama against the Russian rulers, which Fakhreddin regarded as too vague.
  According to Azade-Ayşe Rorlich, the importance of education for the overcoming of poverty and the possibility of a reconciliation of Islam and science were central parts of Fakhreddins world view. He saw the rise and fall of nations as directly connected to their belief systems and therefore believed that a renunciation of superstition and a return to the beginnings of Islam would be necessary for a Muslim renaissance. He also criticized the historical work of Ibn Khallikan due to his concentration on the doings of rulers and tried to honor the deeds of "normal" Muslims in his books and writings.
caption: The Marjani Madrasha in Kazan
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