page_title: Quang Trung
section_title: Reconciliation with Qing China
hierarchical_section_title: Quang Trung / Reconciliation with Qing China
caption_attribution_description: English: A portrait painting in watercolours on silk depicting the newly feudalised Annam king Ruan Guangping, wearing a crown and red robe designed with dragons in gold and an inscription dated 1790.Tiếng Việt: Tượng-đồ An-nam quốc-vương Nguyễn-quang-Bình khi sang Bắc-kinh chầu Đại-thanh hoàng-đế Kiền-long, 1790. Họa-phẩm chân-dung bằng thủy-mặc trên lụa tả vua An-nam Nguyễn-quang-Bình mới đăng-cơ, đội mão và mặc áo bào đỏ, với những con rồng vàng, cùng dòng niên-đại 1790 (99cm x 56cm).中文: 《新封安南國王阮光平像圖》：紫光閣舊藏的新封安南國王像，80年代蘇富比曾拍賣。
context_page_description: Emperor Quang Trung or Nguyễn Huệ, also known as Nguyễn Quang Bình, was the second emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty, reigning from 1788 until 1792. He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history. Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Lữ, together known as the Tây Sơn brothers, were the leaders of the Tây Sơn rebellion. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial Later Lê dynasty and the two rival feudal houses of the Nguyễn in the south and the Trịnh in the north.
  After several years of constant military campaigning and rule, Nguyễn Huệ died at the age of 40. Prior to his death, he had made plans to continue his march southwards in order to destroy the army of Nguyễn Ánh, a surviving heir of the Nguyễn lords.
  Nguyễn Huệ's death marked the beginning of the downfall of the Tây Sơn dynasty. His successors were unable to implement the plans he had made for ruling Vietnam. The Tây Sơn dynasty was overthrown by its enemy, Nguyễn Ánh, who established the imperial Nguyễn dynasty in 1802.
context_section_description: The irate Qianlong Emperor of the Qing replaced Sun Shiyi with Fuk'anggan. Fuk'anggan did not want a conflict with Nguyễn Huệ and he sent a letter to Huệ in which he expressed that a necessary prerequisite for a cease-fire was an apology of Huệ to the emperor. Nguyễn Huệ sought to restore the tributary relationship in order to deter a joint Qing-Siam pincer attack and prevent further Chinese attempts to restore the Lê dynasty. Nguyễn Huệ sent a ritually submissive request to the Qianlong Emperor under the name of Nguyễn Quang Bình (also referred to as Ruan Guangping).
  In 1789, the Qianlong Emperor agreed to re-establish the tributary relationship and enfeoff Nguyễn as the king of Annam on the condition that Nguyễn personally lead a special delegation to Beijing to celebrate the Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday. For the Qianlong Emperor, the motivation for accepting the arrangement was to retain the Qing's supremacy and stabilize their southern border. Chinese and Vietnamese sources agreed that Nguyễn sent an imposter with a delegation to Beijing, where they were received with lavish imperial favors. The Qianlong Emperor approved the proposal and bestowed Nguyễn with the title An Nam quốc vương ("King of Annam"). The title indicated that Huệ was recognized as the legal ruler of Vietnam and Lê Chiêu Thống was no longer supported.
caption: Qing portrait of Quang Trung, who turned out to be his wife's nephew Phạm Công Trí.
exif: {}