page_title: 1911 Revolution
section_title: Nanking Uprising
hierarchical_section_title: 1911 Revolution / Provincial uprisings / Nanking Uprising
caption_attribution_description: English: L0040002 An episode in the revolutionary war in China, 1911: the battle at the Ta-ping gate at Nanking. Colour Lithograph 1911 By: T. Miyano Printed: Japan 1920's Collection: Iconographic Collections Library reference no.: Iconographic Collection 645501i Full Bibliographic Record Link to Wellcome Library Catalogue
context_page_description: The 1911 Revolution, also known as the Chinese Revolution or the Xinhai Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty and established the Republic of China. The revolution was named Xinhai because it occurred in 1911, the year of the Xinhai stem-branch in the sexagenary cycle of the Traditional Chinese Calendar.
  The revolution consisted of many revolts and uprisings. The turning point was the Wuchang uprising on 10 October 1911, which was the result of the mishandling of the Railway Protection Movement. The revolution ended with the abdication of the six-year-old Last Emperor, Puyi, on 12 February 1912, that marked the end of 2,000 years of imperial rule and the beginning of China's early republican era.
  The revolution arose mainly in response to the decline of the Qing state, and its ineffective efforts to modernize China and confront foreign aggression. Many underground anti-Qing groups, with the support of Chinese revolutionaries in exile, tried to overthrow the Qing. The brief civil war that ensued was ended through a political compromise between Yuan Shikai, the late Qing military strongman, and Sun Yat-sen, the leader of the Tongmenghui.
context_section_description: On 8 November, supported by the Tongmenghui, Xu Shaozhen (徐紹楨) of the New Army announced an uprising in Molin Pass (秣陵關), 30 km (19 mi) away from Nanking City. Xu Shaozhen, Chen Qimei and other generals decided to form a united army under Xu to strike Nanking together. On 11 November, the united army headquarters was established in Zhenjiang. Between 24 November and 1 December, under the command of Xu Shaozhen, the united army captured Wulongshan (烏龍山), Mufushan (幕府山), Yuhuatai (雨花臺), Tianbao City (天保城) and many other strongholds of the Qing army. On 2 December, Nanking City was captured by the revolutionaries after the Battle of Nanking, 1911. On 3 December, revolutionary Su Liangbi led troops in a massacre of a large number of Manchus (the exact number is not known). He was shortly afterward arrested, and his troops disbanded.
caption: 1911 battle at Ta-ping gate, Nanking. Painting by T. Miyano.
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