page_title: Islam in Indonesia
section_title: Division of Islam in Indonesia
hierarchical_section_title: Islam in Indonesia / Branches / Division of Islam in Indonesia
caption_attribution_description: English: Indonesian muslims reciting Al Quran after shalat (prayer). Istiqlal Mosque, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesia has the largest number of muslim population in the world.Bahasa Indonesia: Umat muslim Indonesia tengah membaca Al Quran setelah menunaikan shalat di Masjid Istiqlal, Jakarta, Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki jumlah umat muslim terbesar di dunia.
context_page_description: Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia with most adherents, with 87.2% of Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslim in a 2010 survey. Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world, with approximately 225 million Muslims.
  In terms of denomination, the overwhelming majority adheres to Sunni Islam, while there are around one million Shias, who are concentrated around Jakarta, and about 400,000 Ahmadi Muslims. In terms of Islamic schools of jurisprudence, based on demographic statistics, 99% of Indonesian Muslims mainly follow the Shafi'i school, although when asked, 56% does not adhere to any specific school. Trends of thought within Islam in Indonesia can be broadly categorized into two orientations; "modernism" which closely adheres to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, and "traditionalism" which tends to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools. There is also a historically important presence of a syncretic form of Islam known as kebatinan.
context_section_description: Classical documentations divide Indonesian Muslims between "nominal" Muslims, or abangan, whose lifestyles are more oriented toward non-Islamic cultures, and "orthodox" Muslims, or santri, who adhere to the orthodox Islamic norms.  Abangan was considered an indigenous blend of native and Hindu-Buddhist beliefs with Islamic practices sometimes also called Javanism, kejawen, agama Jawa, or kebatinan. On Java, santri was not only referred to a person who was consciously and exclusively Muslim, but it also described persons who had removed themselves from the secular world to concentrate on devotional activities in Islamic schools called pesantren—literally "the place of the santri". The terms and precise nature of this differentiation were in dispute throughout the history, and today it is considered obsolete. 
  In contemporary era, often the distinction is made between "traditionalism" and "modernism". Traditionalism, exemplified by the civil society organization Nahdlatul Ulama, is known as an ardent advocate of Islam Nusantara; a distinctive brand of Islam that has undergone interaction, contextualization, indigenization, interpretation and vernacularization in line with socio-cultural conditions in Indonesia. Islam Nusantara promotes moderation, compassion, anti-radicalism, inclusiveness and tolerance. On the other spectrum is modernism which is inspired heavily by Islamic Modernism, and the civil society organization Muhammadiyah is known as the ardent proponent. Modernist Muslims advocate the reform of Islam in Indonesia, which is perceived as having deviated from the historical Islamic orthodoxy. They emphasize the authority of the Qur'an and the Hadiths, and oppose syncretism and taqlid to the ulema. This division however, also has been considered oversimplification in recent analysis.
caption: Indonesian Muslims reading the Quran in Masjid Istiqlal, Jakarta, Indonesia
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