page_title: UKUSA Agreement
section_title: 9 Eyes, 14 Eyes, and other "third parties"
hierarchical_section_title: UKUSA Agreement / Global coverage / 9 Eyes, 14 Eyes, and other "third parties"
caption_attribution_description: English: Under the 1948 UKUSA Agreement, the NSA acts as the head intelligence agency, with America's Anglo allies acting as "second parties." Even though most NATO countries and a few others, including Japan and Korea, have since joined the UKUSA society, they are deemed "third parties"--meaning they get to funnel intelligence to the NSA but are rarely allowed to see anything from other contributors. The NSA compensates them by sending them cash and surveillance technology. (http://www.businessweek.com/stories/1999-05-30/theyre-listening-to-your-calls)
context_page_description: The United Kingdom – United States of America Agreement
  is a multilateral agreement for cooperation in signals intelligence between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The alliance of intelligence operations is also known as the Five Eyes. In classification markings this is abbreviated as FVEY, with the individual countries being abbreviated as AUS, CAN, NZL, GBR, and USA, respectively.
  Emerging from an informal agreement related to the 1941 Atlantic Charter, the secret treaty was renewed with the passage of the 1943 BRUSA Agreement, before being officially enacted on 5 March 1946 by the United Kingdom and the United States. In the following years, it was extended to encompass Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Other countries, known as "third parties", such as West Germany, the Philippines, and several Nordic countries, also joined the UKUSA community in associate capacities, although they are not part of mechanism for automatic sharing of intelligence that exists between the Five Eyes.
context_section_description: The "Five Eyes" community is part of an extensive alliance of Western countries sharing signals intelligence with each other. These allied countries include NATO members, other European countries such as Sweden, and allies in the Pacific, in particular Singapore and South Korea.
  In the 1950s several Nordic countries joined the community as "third party" participants. They were soon followed by Denmark (1954) and West Germany (1955).
  According to Edward Snowden, the NSA has a "massive body" called the Foreign Affairs Directorate that is responsible for partnering with other Western allies such as Israel.
  Unlike the "second party" members (that is, the Five Eyes themselves), "third party" partners are not automatically exempt from intelligence targeting. According to an internal NSA document leaked by Snowden, "We (the NSA) can, and often do, target the signals of most 3rd party foreign partners."
  The Five Eyes are cooperating with various 3rd Party countries in at least two groups:
  The "Nine Eyes", consisting of the Five Eyes plus Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Norway.
  The "Fourteen Eyes", consisting of the same countries as the Nine Eyes plus Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. The actual name of this group is SIGINT Seniors Europe (SSEUR) and its purpose is coordinating the exchange of military signals intelligence among its members.
  Germany is reportedly interested in moving closer to the inner circle: an internal GCHQ document from 2009 said that the "Germans were a little grumpy at not being invited to join the 9-Eyes group." Germany may even wish to join Five Eyes. Referring to Five Eyes, French President François Hollande has said that his country is "not within that framework and we don't intend to join." According to a former top U.S. official, "Germany joining would be a possibility, but not France – France itself spies on the US far too aggressively for that."
caption: This diagram depicts the relationship between the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) and the so-called "second parties", which comprises the UKUSA community, and the "third parties" made up of members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and other Western allies: 
   NSA and second parties—Extensive mutual sharing of signals intelligence[40] 
   NSA and third parties—Signals intelligence is funelled to the NSA in exchange for surveillance technology and monetary compensation[40]
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