page_title: Dissociative identity disorder
section_title: History and culture
hierarchical_section_title: Dissociative identity disorder / History and culture
caption_attribution_description: English: Poster for a theatrical adaptation of Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Converted losslessly from .tif to .png by uploader.
context_page_description: Dissociative identity disorder, is a mental disorder.
  It was called multiple personality disorder. It is listed in the mental health diagnosis manual DSM IV.
  This is one of the most controversial mental disorders because people disagree about what causes it. The main symptoms of DID are a person showing two or more "identities" or "personality states". The person behaves differently depending which identity is in control. The second important symptom is when a person forgets important, personal things which people normally do not forget.
  A person is not diagnosed with DID if the symptoms are caused by drugs, illness or pretending to play with imaginary friends. Doctors must also rule out pretending to have DID for attention or sympathy, and malingering. Most patients with DID are also diagnosed with other mental disorders.
context_section_description: Before 1900 it was thought DID was caused by spirits or ghosts who controlled people's behavior.  The first case of DID described in medicine was in 1646 by the Swiss doctor Paracelsus.  DID was very uncommon until the 1970s.  Between 1980 and 1990 the number of cases reported in medicine went from about 200 to more than 20,000.  In 1994, the 4th edition of the DSM was published, which changed the name from "multiple personality disorder" to "dissociative identity disorder".  The DSM also changed how DID was diagnosed.  Many scientific articles were written about DID during the same period, though after 1995 the number of articles published every year decreased. Today there is little research on DID.
  Even though DID is a very rare, there are a lot of books, plays and movies about people with DID.  In 1886 Robert Louis Stevenson published the short book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde which was very popular.  People later thought that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde were examples of someone with DID.  The Three Faces Of Eve was a movie made in 1957 about a woman with DID.  Sybil, a popular book about a woman with DID, was published in 1973.  It was made into a movie in 1976, and a second time in 2007.  A survey done in 2001 of American and Canadian psychiatrists found that there was a lot of disagreement and skepticism about diagnosing DID and if the diagnosis was based on enough good quality science.
caption: The book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was about someone with a "split personality", and later became a story people associated with DID.[20]
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