page_title: Emanuel Bowen
hierarchical_section_title: Emanuel Bowen
caption_attribution_description: English: The cartouche of this map of New Spain depicts a European mishandling a couple of Native American captives. The image dates at least back to 1729 when Peter Van der Aa included an identical image on his cartouche of a map of Mexico or New Spain appearing in Abraham du Bois' La Geographie Moderne, published in Leiden at that date. Such images, repeated over and over, contributed to the Spanish "Black Legend" – the idea that the Spanish treated Indians worse than their Anglo-Protestant peers, many of whom behaved equally bad in reality. Bowen's inset depicts the Galápagos Islands based upon descriptions and charts by English sea captains William A. Cowley and Woodes Rogers. Despite the "modern" scientific jargon with reference to "astronomical observations", English engraver, cartographer, publisher and print-seller Emanuel Bowen, even as Geographer to His Majesty, did not have access to accurate field information for much of the territories depicted – no one would until the mid-nineteenth century. His map shows Santa Fe along the 101st meridian instead of its actual location along the 105th, with the result that New Mexico lies four degrees of longitude east of its true location, and the area of present west Texas is considerably condensed.
context_page_description: Emanuel Bowen was a Welsh map engraver, who achieved the unique distinction of becoming Royal Mapmaker to both to King George II of England and Louis XV of France. Bowen was highly regarded by his contemporaries for producing some of the largest, most detailed and most accurate maps of his era. He is known to have worked with most British cartographic figures of the period including John Owen and Herman Moll.
context_section_description: Emanuel Bowen (1694 - 8 May 1767) was a Welsh map engraver, who achieved the unique distinction of becoming Royal Mapmaker to both to King George II of England and Louis XV of France. Bowen was highly regarded by his contemporaries for producing some of the largest, most detailed and most accurate maps of his era. He is known to have worked with most British cartographic figures of the period including John Owen and Herman Moll.
caption: A New & Accurate Map of Mexico or New Spain together with California, New Mexico &c. Bowen, 1752
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