page_title: Water supply and sanitation in Russia
section_title: Service quality
hierarchical_section_title: Water supply and sanitation in Russia / Service quality
caption_attribution_description: English: Kstovo new housing developments can be seen from the Volga Русский: Новые микрорайоны Кстова видны с Волги
context_page_description: In Russia, approximately 70 per cent of drinking water comes from surface water and 30 per cent from groundwater. In 2004, water supply systems had a total capacity of 90 million cubic metres a day. The average residential water use was 248 litres per capita per day. One quarter of the world’s fresh surface and groundwater is located in Russia. The water utilities sector is one of the largest industries in Russia serving the entire Russian population.
context_section_description: Sanitation In 2012, the capacity of the wastewater treatment plants was 743.8 million cubic metres a day, which is about the same as the 1995 level.  The length of the sewerage network was 118,000  km. The amount of wastewater passing through the plants in 2002 represents 98.2 per cent of wastewater emitted. Of this, only 1.8 per cent is treated in accordance with the established regulations, while the remainder is discharged, insufficiently treated, into rivers, lakes and the sea. 60 per cent of the wastewater treatment plants are overloaded and 38 per cent have been in operation for 25 to 30 years and need to be reconstructed. The deficit in the capacity of sewerage systems at present is more than 9 million cubic metres a day. 9,616 sewerage systems are in operation, but 73 towns (4 per cent) and 103 urban-type settlements (13 per cent) still had no central sewerage system in 2012.
caption: Water purification station (two round towers) on the Volga waterfront in Kstovo
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