page_title: Rubin Design Bureau
section_title: Cold War
hierarchical_section_title: Rubin Design Bureau / History / Cold War
caption_attribution_description: Сергей Ковалев
context_page_description: Rubin Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering in Saint Petersburg is one of three main Russian centers of submarine design, and the other two are Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau and Lazurit Central Design Bureau. Rubin is the largest among the three Soviet/Russian submarine designer centers, having designed more than two-thirds of all nuclear submarines in the Russian Navy. "Rubin" is the Russian word for ruby.
context_section_description: In 1947 TsKB-18 completed the development of Technical Design No.613 (called the Whiskey class submarine in NATO classification) – a torpedo diesel-electric submarine of medium displacement which took into account the combat experiences of Soviet and German submarines from the War. Commissioned by the Navy in 1951, the 215 unit series built to Design 613 was the largest in the world. Approximately 25 to 30 of the submarines were built in People's Republic of China, and the design was handed over to Chinese technicians.
  P.P. Pustyntsev (ru:Пустынцев, Павел Петрович), who headed the Bureau from 1951 to 1974, created the design for Project 641 (NATO classification: Foxtrot class), which began development in 1955. 75 units of this class were commissioned to the Navy in 1963. The same year the Hotel class submarine, which had begun development in 1956 as Project 658, was redesigned to enable underwater launching of D-4 ballistic missiles. In 1965 the Lenin Prize was awarded for works related to the underwater launch of ballistic missiles.
  In 1963 technical design 667A (NATO classification: Yankee class), a second-generation nuclear missile submarine, was developed. Joining the Soviet fleet in 1967, the Project 667A submarine became the first ship of the largest series of nuclear missile submarines (34 units). Later known as "nuclear missile submarine cruisers," improvements to the Yankee class submarines would include the installation of longer-range and multiple-warhead missiles. The success of submarine Projects 667A and 667B (Delta class submarine) would be rewarded with Lenin Prizes in 1970 and 1974, respectively.  The Yankee-based ballistic missile submarine family comprises: Project 667A Yankee, Project 667B Delta I, Project 667BD Delta II, Project 667BDR Delta III, and Project 667BDRM Delta IV.
  TsKB-18 got the name Rubin in 1966. The Oscar class submarine started development in 1971, and followed by the Typhoon class in 1976. In 1974 Igor Spassky succeeded Pustyntsev as head of the bureau and remained in the position until the 2000s (decade).
caption: Sergey Kovalev was director of the Rubin Design Bureau
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