page_title: Grandmaster (chess)
section_title: 1953 regulations
hierarchical_section_title: Grandmaster (chess) / History / Official status (1950 onwards) / 1953 regulations
caption_attribution_description: English: From :Image:Mieses.jpg, converted to B&amp;W, improved contrast and level.
context_page_description: Grandmaster is a title awarded to chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. Apart from World Champion, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain.
  Once achieved, the title is generally held for life, though exceptionally it may be revoked for cheating. The abbreviation IGM for International Grandmaster is also sometimes used, particularly in older literature.
  The title of Grandmaster, along with the lesser FIDE titles of International Master and FIDE Master, is open to both men and women. The majority of grandmasters are men, but a number of women have also earned the GM title, with the first three being Nona Gaprindashvili in 1978, Maia Chiburdanidze in 1984, and Susan Polgar in 1991. Since about 2000, most of the top 10 women have held the GM title.
  There is also a Woman Grandmaster title with lower requirements awarded only to women.
  FIDE awards separate Grandmaster titles to composers and solvers of chess problems, International Grandmaster for chess compositions to the former and International Solving Grandmaster to the latter. The International Correspondence Chess Federation awards the title of International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster.
context_section_description: Title awards under the original regulations were subject to political concerns. Efim Bogoljubov, who had emigrated from the Soviet Union to Germany, was not entered in the first class of Grandmasters, even though he had played two matches for the World Championship with Alekhine. He received the title in 1951, by a vote of thirteen to eight with five abstentions. Yugoslavia supported his application, but all other Communist countries opposed it. In 1953, FIDE abolished the old regulations, although a provision was maintained that allowed older masters who had been overlooked to be awarded titles. The new regulations awarded the title of International Grandmaster of the FIDE to players meeting any of the following criteria:
  The world champion.
  Masters who have the absolute right to play in the World Championship Candidates Tournament, or any player who replaces an absent contestant and earns at least a 50 percent score.
  The winner of an international tournament meeting specified standards, and any player placing second in two such tournaments within a span of four years. The tournament must be at least eleven rounds with seven or more players, 80 percent or more being International Grandmasters or International Masters. Additionally, 30 percent of the players must be Grandmasters who have the absolute right to play in the next World Championship Candidates Tournament, or who have played in such a tournament in the previous ten years.
  A player who demonstrates ability manifestly equal to that of (3) above in an international tournament or match. Such titles must be approved by the Qualification Committee with the support of at least five members.
caption: Jacques Mieses (1865–1954), one of the first FIDE Grandmasters
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