page_title: List of fossil bird genera
section_title: Gruiformes
hierarchical_section_title: List of fossil bird genera / Neornithes / Gruiformes
caption_attribution_description: English: Ergilornis by Tim Morris
context_page_description: Birds evolved from certain feathered theropod dinosaurs, and there is no real dividing line between birds and non-avian dinosaurs except that some of the former survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event while the latter did not. For the purposes of this article, a 'bird' is considered to be any member of the clade Aves in the broadest sense. Some dinosaur groups which may or may not be true birds are listed below under Proto-birds.
  This page contains a listing of prehistoric bird taxa only known from completely fossilized specimens. These extinctions took place before the Late Quaternary and thus took place in the absence of significant human interference. While the earliest hominids had been eating birds and especially their eggs, human population and technology was simply insufficient to seriously affect healthy bird populations until the Upper Paleolithic Revolution. Rather, reasons for the extinctions listed here are stochastic abiotic events such as bolide impacts, climate changes due to orbital shifts, mass volcanic eruptions etc.
context_section_description: The group that includes modern rails and cranes. Probably paraphyletic.
  Placement unresolved
  †Rupelrallus Fischer 1997 (Early Oligocene)– rallid? parvigruid?
  †R. belgicus Mayr 2012
  †R. saxoniensis Fischer 1997
  †"Gruiformes" gen. et sp. indet. MNZ S42623 (Early/Middle Miocene)– Aptornithidae?
  †Songziidae Hou 1990 possibly a nomen nudum
  †Songzia Hou 1990(Eocene) possibly a nomen nudum
  †S. heidangkouensis Hou 1990
  †S. acutunguis Wang et al. 2012
  †Eogruidae Wetmore 1934
  †Sonogrus gregalis Kuročkin 1981 (Ergilin Dzo Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Khor Dzan, Mongolia)
  †Eogrus Wetmore 1932 [Progrus Bendukidze 1971] (Irdin Manha Middle/Late Eocene – Tung Gur Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Mongolia)
  †E. aeola Wetmore 1932
  †E. crudus Kuročkin 1981
  †E. turanicus (Bendukidze 1971) [Progrus turanicus Bendukidze 1971]
  †E. wetmorei Brodkorb 1967
  †Ergilornithinae
  †Proergilornis minor Kozlova 1960 (Early/middle Oligocene of Ergil-Obo, Mongolia)
  †Ergilornis Kozlova 1960(Early/middle Oligocene of Ergil-Obo, Mongolia)
  †E. rapidus
  †E. minor
  †Amphipelargus Lydekker 1891 [Urmiornis Harrison 1981]
  †A. brodkorbi (Karkhu 1997) [Urmiornis brodkorbi Karkhu 1997]
  †A. majori Lydekker 1891 [Amphipelargus maraghanus (Mecquenem 1925) Kuročkin 1985; Urmiornis maraghanus Mecquenem 1925] [treated as ciconiid by Louchart et al. 2005]
  †A. dzabghanensis Kuročkin 1985
  †A. cracrafti (Harrison & Walker 1982) Kuročkin 1985 [Urmiornis cracrafti Harrison & Walker 1982]
  †A. ukrainus (Kuročkin 1981) Kuročkin 1985 [Urmiornis ukrainus Kuročkin 1981]
  †A. orientalis (Kuročkin 1981) Kuročkin 1985 [Urmiornis orientalis Kuročkin 1981]
  †Geranoididae Wetmore 1933
  †Eogeranoides campivagus Cracraft 1969 (Willwood Early Eocene of Foster Gulch, US)
  †Geranoides jepseni Wetmore 1933 (Willwood Early Eocene of South Elk Creek, US)
  †Geranodornis aenigma Cracraft 1969 (Bridger middle Eocene of Church Buttes, US)
  †Galligeranoides boriensis Bourdon, Mourer-Chauviré & Laurent 2014
  †Palaeophasianus Shufeldt 1913 (Willwood Early Eocene of Bighorn County, US)
  †P. meleagroides Shufeldt 1913
  †P. incompletus Cracraft 1969
  †Paragrus Lambrecht 1933 (Early Eocene of WC US)
  †P. prentici (Loomis 1906) Lambrecht 1933 [Gallinuloides prentici Loomis 1906; Grus prentici (Loomis 1906)]
  †P. shufeldti Cracraft 1969
  †Parvigruidae Mayr 2005
  †Parvigrus pohli Mayr 2005 (Early Oligocene of Pichovet, France)
  Aramidae Bonaparte 1854
  †Badistornis aramus Wetmore 1940 (middle Oligocene)– aramid?
  Extant genera present in the fossil record
  Aramus paludigrus Rasmussen 1997 (Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia)- Aramid
  Gruidae – cranes
  †Camusia quintanai Seguí 2002 (Late Miocene of Menorca, Mediterranean)
  †Aramornis Wetmore 1926 (Middle Miocene) – gruid? aramid?
  †A. longurio Wetmore 1926
  †A. robalearica
  †A. crataegensis
  †Palaeogrus Portis 1885 (middle Eocene of Germany and Italy – Middle Miocene of France)
  †P. princeps Portis 1884 [Ornitocnemus robustus (sic) Zigno 1875 nomen nudum; Grus princeps (Portis 1885) Lydekker 1891a]
  †P. hordwelliensis (Lydekker 1891) Lambrecht 1933 [Grus hordwellianus Lydekker 1891; Ornitocnemus hordwelliensis (Lydekker) Brodkorb 1967]
  †P. mainburgensis Göhlich 2003
  †Geranopsis hastingsiae Lydekker 1871 Hordwell Late Eocene– Early Oligocene of England)– gruiform (gruid?) or anseriform (anseranatid?)?
  †Eobalearica tugarinovi Gureev 1949 (Ferghana Late? Eocene of Ferghana, Uzbekistan)
  †Pliogrus (Early Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Germany)
  †Probalearica mongolica Kurochkin 1985 (Late Oligocene? – Middle Pliocene) gruid? A nomen dubium?
  Gruidae gen. et sp. indet. – formerly Grus conferta Miller & Sibley 1942 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Contra Costa County, US)
  Extant genera present in the fossil record
  Balearica (Early Miocene – Recent)
  †B. crataegensis (Brodkorb 1963) [Probalearica crataegensis Brodkorb 1963]
  †B. excelsa (Milne-Edwards 1871) Mlíkovský 2002 [Palaeogrus excelsa (Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933; Grus excelsa Milne-Edwards 1871; Ornitocnemus excelsus (Milne-Edwards 1871) Brodkorb 1967]
  †B. exigua Feduccia & Voorhies 1992
  †B. rummeli (Mlíkovský 1998) Mourer-Chauviré 2001 [Basityto 
caption: Ergilornis.
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