page_title: Amethyst
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Amethyst / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Portrait of Roman Emperor Caracalla; inscription in Greek letters O IIETPOC and cross added at the Byzantine period in order to transform the portrait in that of St. Peter. Amethyst intaglio, ca. 212 CE. From the treasury of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. Français&#160;: Portrait de l'empereur Caracalla&#160;; inscription en lettres grecques et croix ajoutées à l'époque byzantine pour transformer le portrait en celui de saint Pierre. Intaille en améthyste, art romain, vers 212. Provenance&#160;: trésor de la Sainte-Chapelle.
context_page_description: Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω methysko / μεθώ metho, "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. The ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication.
  Amethyst is a semiprecious stone that is often used in jewelry and is the traditional birthstone for February.
context_section_description: Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.
  The Greeks believed amethyst gems could prevent intoxication, while medieval European soldiers wore amethyst amulets as protection in battle in the belief that amethysts heal people and keep them cool-headed. Beads of amethyst were found in Anglo-Saxon graves in England. Anglican bishops wear an episcopal ring often set with an amethyst, an allusion to the description of the Apostles as "not drunk" at Pentecost in Acts 2:15.
  A large geode, or "amethyst-grotto", from near Santa Cruz in southern Brazil was presented at a 1902 exhibition in Düsseldorf, Germany.
  In the 19th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of manganese. However, since it can be greatly altered and even discharged by heat, the color was believed by some authorities to be from an organic source. Ferric thiocyanate has been suggested, and sulfur was said to have been detected in the mineral.
caption: Roman intaglio engraved gem of Caracalla in amethyst, once in the Treasury of Sainte-Chapelle.
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