page_title: Mixed metal oxide electrode
hierarchical_section_title: Mixed metal oxide electrode
caption_attribution_description: English: Photo of a mixed metal oxide electrode used as an anode (counterelectrode) for electroplating processes. Electrode consists of a titanium mesh coated in inert metal oxide and welded to a rack for use in electroplating baths.
context_page_description: Mixed metal oxide electrodes, also called Dimensionally Stable Anodes, are devices with high conductivity and corrosion resistance for use as anodes in electrolysis. They are made by coating a substrate, such as pure titanium plate or expanded mesh, with several kinds of metal oxides. One oxide is usually RuO₂, IrO₂, or PtO₂, which conducts electricity and catalyzes the desired reaction such as the production of chlorine gas. The other metal oxide is typically titanium dioxide which does not conduct or catalyze the reaction, but is cheaper and prevents corrosion of the interior.
  The loading or amount of precious metal on the substrate can be in the order of around 10 to 12 grams per square metre.
  Applications include use as anodes in electrolytic cells for producing free chlorine from saltwater in swimming pools, in electrowinning of metals, in printed circuit board manufacture, electrotinning and zinc electro-galvanising of steel, as anodes for cathodic protection of buried or submerged structures.
context_section_description: Mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes, also called Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA), are devices with high conductivity and corrosion resistance for use as anodes in electrolysis.  They are made by coating a substrate, such as pure titanium plate or expanded mesh, with several kinds of metal oxides. One oxide is usually RuO₂, IrO₂, or PtO₂, which conducts electricity and catalyzes the desired reaction such as the production of chlorine gas. The other metal oxide is typically titanium dioxide which does not conduct or catalyze the reaction, but is cheaper and prevents corrosion of the interior.
  The loading or amount of precious metal on the substrate (that is, other than the titanium) can be in the order of around 10 to 12 grams per square metre.
  Applications include use as anodes in electrolytic cells for producing free chlorine from saltwater in swimming pools, in electrowinning of metals, in printed circuit board manufacture, electrotinning and zinc electro-galvanising of steel, as anodes for cathodic protection of buried or submerged structures.
caption: Mesh MMO anode used for electroplating
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