page_title: Greek Revival architecture
section_title: Russia
hierarchical_section_title: Greek Revival architecture / Russia
caption_attribution_description: English: Aerial photo of the Vasilievsky Island Spit in Saint Petersburg (Russia). Русский: Аэрофотосъёмка Стрелки Васильевского острова в Санкт-Петербурге (Россия).
context_page_description: The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. It revived the style of ancient Greek architecture, in particular the Greek temple, with varying degrees of thoroughness and consistency. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture, which had for long mainly drawn from Roman architecture. The term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1842.
  With a newfound access to Greece, or initially the books produced by the few who had actually been able to visit the sites, archaeologist-architects of the period studied the Doric and Ionic orders. In each country it touched, the style was looked on as the expression of local nationalism and civic virtue, and freedom from the lax detail and frivolity that was thought to characterize the architecture of France and Italy, two countries where the style never really took hold.
context_section_description: The style was especially attractive in Russia, if only because they shared the Eastern Orthodox faith with the Greeks. The historic centre of Saint Petersburg was rebuilt by Alexander I of Russia, with many buildings giving the Greek Revival a Russian debut. The Saint Petersburg Bourse on Vasilievsky Island has a temple front with 44 Doric columns. Quarenghi's design for the Manege "mimics a 5th-century BC Athenian temple with a portico of eight Doric columns bearing a pediment and bas reliefs".
  Leo von Klenze's expansion of the palace that is now the Hermitage Museum is another example of the style.
caption: Saint Petersburg Bourse
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "5464", "Image ImageLength": "3640", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Make": "DJI", "Image Model": "FC6310", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop CC (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2017:08:07 19:41:44", "Image Artist": "A.Savin", "Image ExifOffset": "292", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 3, 0, 0]", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[59, 283177/5000, 0]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "E", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[30, 36723/2000, 0]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "158421/1000", "Image GPSInfo": "904", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "1146", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "6805", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/640", "EXIF FNumber": "9", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2017:06:02 08:26:25", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2017:06:02 08:26:25", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "1165241/125000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "126797/20000", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "297/100", "EXIF SubjectDistance": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "CenterWeightedAverage", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "No flash function", "EXIF FocalLength": "44/5", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "4096", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2731", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "0", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "24", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF GainControl": "None", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "0", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "6840927dc0c36c0d1c69152e57eb388f", "EXIF LensSpecification": "[24, 24, 0/0, 0/0]", "EXIF LensModel": "24.0 mm"}