page_title: Flight simulator
section_title: World War II (1939–1945)
hierarchical_section_title: Flight simulator / History of flight simulation / World War II (1939–1945)
caption_attribution_description: English: Title: [Military Personnel Using Link Trainer, Pepperell Manufacturing Company] Creator: Richie, Robert Yarnall, 1908-1984 Date: February 1943 Part Of: Robert Yarnall Richie Photograph Collection Place: San Antonio, Texas Description: Military personnel training on a Link Aviation flight simulator. The pilot inside of the simulator is communicating with one of the training personnel over a headset, while another consults a booklet. Physical Description: 1 negative: film, black and white; 10.1 x 12.6 cm File Name: ag1982_0234_2509_47_pepperellmfgco_sm_opt.jpg Rights: Please cite DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University when using this file. A high-resolution version of this file may be obtained for a fee. For details see the https://sites.smu.edu/cul/degolyer/research/permissions/ web page. For other information, contact degolyer@smu.edu. For more information and to view the image in high resolution, see: http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ryr/id/2456 View Robert Yarnall Richie photograph collection at: http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/search/collection/ryr
context_page_description: A flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and the environment in which it flies, for pilot training, design, or other purposes. It includes replicating the equations that govern how aircraft fly, how they react to applications of flight controls, the effects of other aircraft systems, and how the aircraft reacts to external factors such as air density, turbulence, wind shear, cloud, precipitation, etc. Flight simulation is used for a variety of reasons, including flight training, the design and development of the aircraft itself, and research into aircraft characteristics and control handling qualities.
context_section_description: The principal pilot trainer used during World War II was the Link Trainer.  Some 10,000 were produced to train 500,000 new pilots from allied nations, many in the US and Canada because many pilots were trained in those countries before returning to Europe or the Pacific to fly combat missions.  Almost all US Army Air Force pilots were trained in a Link Trainer.
  A different type of World War II trainer was used for navigating at night by the stars.  The Celestial Navigation Trainer of 1941 was 13.7 m (45 ft) high and capable of accommodating the navigation team of a bomber crew.  It enabled sextants to be used for taking "star shots" from a projected display of the night sky.
caption: Military Personnel Using Link Trainer, Pepperell Manufacturing Co., 1943
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