page_title: Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China
section_title: Accession of the KMT in Xinjiang
hierarchical_section_title: Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China / Accession of the KMT in Xinjiang
caption_attribution_description: 中文: 1950年3月，中央人民政府首次派出赴新慰问团。慰问团成员（右起）沈钧儒、萨空了、汪锋和包尔汉亲切交谈。English: The first sentimental group sent by the central government of PRC to Xinjiang. From left to right&#160;: Shen Junru (Chinese lawyer, political figure and the first president of the Supreme People's Court of China in the People's Republic of China), Sa Kongle (Journalist), Wang Feng and BURHAN Xahidi (Baoerhan 鮑爾漢) (1896-1989; notable of Xinjiang who became governor of this province until 1955
context_page_description: The incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China in 1949, known in Chinese historiography as the Peaceful Liberation of Xinjiang, refers to the takeover of the Republic of China's Xinjiang Province by the Chinese Communists and the People's Liberation Army, largely through political means, in the waning days of the Chinese Civil War.
  In the late summer of 1949, the People's Liberation Army drove into the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province and pressed toward Xinjiang. At the time, Xinjiang was ruled by a coalition government based in Dihua, which comprised Chinese Nationalists and representatives from the former Second East Turkestan Republic, a regime founded with the support of the Soviet Union in the Three Districts in northwestern Xinjiang during the Ili Rebellion in 1944 and then disbanded in 1946. Under the coalition government which ruled Xinjiang from 1946 to 1949, the KMT controlled most of the province and leaders of the former ETR retained autonomy in the Three Districts. In the fall of 1949, the Chinese Communists reached separate agreements with the political leadership of the KMT and the Three Districts.
context_section_description: On 25 September, Tao Zhiyue, the KMT general and Burhan Shahidi, the KMT's political leader in Dihua announced the formal surrender of the Nationalist forces in Xinjiang to the Chinese Communists.  On 12 October, the PLA entered Xinjiang.  Many other Kuomintang generals in Xinjiang like the Salar Muslim General Han Youwen joined in the defection to the Communist People's Liberation Army. They continued to serve in the PLA as officers in Xinjiang.  Some KMT leaders who refused to submit fled to Taiwan or Turkey.  Ma Chengxiang fled via India to Taiwan.  Muhammad Amin Bughra and Isa Yusuf Alptekin fled to Turkey.  Masud Sabri was arrested by the Chinese Communists and died in prison in 1952.
  The only organized resistance the PLA encountered was from Osman Batur's Kazak militia and from Yulbars Khan's White Russian and Hui troops who served the Republic of China.  Batur pledged his allegiance to the KMT and was killed in 1951. Yulbars Khan battled PLA forces at the Battle of Yiwu, but when he was deserted, he fled through Tibet, evading the Dalai Lama's forces which harassed him, and escaped to Taiwan via India to join the Republic of China regime.  The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the PRC was established on 1 October 1955, replacing the Xinjiang Province (1884–1955).
caption: The first sentimental group sent by the central government of PRC to Xinjiang.
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