page_title: Fjord
section_title: Locations
hierarchical_section_title: Fjord / Locations
caption_attribution_description: English: Inostranseva Glacier (Inostrantseva Bay, Northern Island of Nowaya Semlya Archipelago, Russia; 76°30’N, 66°5’E) Deutsch: Inostrantsewa-Gletscher (Inostrantsewa-Bucht, Nordinsel des Nowaja-Semlja-Archipels, Russland; 76°30’N, 66°5’O)
context_page_description: In geology, a fjord or fiord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. There are many fjords on the coasts of Alaska, Antarctica, British Columbia, Chile, Denmark, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Ireland, Kamchatka, the Kerguelen Islands, New Zealand, Norway, Novaya Zemlya, Labrador, Nunavut, Newfoundland, Quebec, Scotland, South Georgia Island, Staten Island, and Washington state. Norway's coastline is estimated at 29,000 kilometres with nearly 1,200 fjords, but only 2,500 kilometres when fjords are excluded.
context_section_description: The principal mountainous regions where fjords have formed are in the higher middle latitudes and the high latitudes reaching to 80°N (Svalbard, Greenland), where, during the glacial period, many valley glaciers descended to the then-lower sea level. The fjords develop best in mountain ranges against which the prevailing westerly marine winds are orographically lifted over the mountainous regions, resulting in abundant snowfall to feed the glaciers. Hence coasts having the most pronounced fjords include the west coast of Norway, the west coast of North America from Puget Sound to Alaska, the southwest coast of New Zealand, and the west and to south-western coasts of South America, chiefly in Chile.
caption: The calving end of Inostrantsev Glacier at Inostrantsev Fjord, Novaya Zemlya.
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