page_title: Liebig condenser
section_title: Design
hierarchical_section_title: Liebig condenser / Design
caption_attribution_description: English: Two Liebig condensers
context_page_description: The Liebig condenser or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket.
  In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stands in vertical or oblique orientation. The hot vapor of some liquid is introduced at the upper end of the inner tube, and condenses in contact with its colder walls. Water is constantly circulated in the jacket to carry away the heat of vaporization released by the condensing vavor, keeping the tube below the liquid's boiling point. The condensed liquid drips out of the lower end of the inner tube.
  The Liebig condenser can also be used in reflux or Soxhlet extraction operations, although other condenser types are better suited to those tasks. In this usage, the condenser is held vertically above the recipient with the boiling liquid. The vapor is admitted to the inner tube through the lower end, and the condensed liquid drips back through the same opening, while the upper end of the tube is usually left open to the atmosphere.
context_section_description: The modern design consists of two concentric straight glass tubes, the inner one being longer and protruding at both extreminites.  The ends of the outer tube are sealed (usually by a blown glass ring seal), forming a water jacket, and is fitted with side ports near the ends for cooling fluid inflow and outflow.  The ends of the inner tube, that carries the vapor and condensed liquid, are open; they are often fitted with ground glass joints for secure and airtight connection to other equipment.
caption: Two modern Liebig condensers, with ground glass joints.
exif: {"Image Make": "PENTAX Corporation", "Image Model": "PENTAX K10D", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 6.6 (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2011:12:26 16:24:35", "Image ExifOffset": "220", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "732", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "5173", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/125", "EXIF FNumber": "8", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "100", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2011:01:23 15:12:38", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2011:01:23 15:12:38", "EXIF ShutterSpeedValue": "870723/125000", "EXIF ApertureValue": "6", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Spot", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "28", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "42", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "2", "EXIF LensModel": "Sigma Lens"}