page_title: Tramways in Île-de-France
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Tramways in Île-de-France / History
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: Carte postale ancienne éditée par Cormault, N°136Paris&#160;: Panorama du Carrefour du Châtelet et la Seine - LIPEncombrement de tramways de la CGO. Noter le tracé sinueux des voies de tramway, gênant la circulation des autres véhicules
context_page_description: The Île-de-France tramways consists of a network of modern tram lines in the Île-de-France region of France. Ten lines are currently operational, with extensions and additional lines in the planning and construction stage. Although the system mainly runs in the suburban regions of Paris, lines T3a and T3b run entirely within Paris city limits, and line T2 also does so for part of its route. While the lines operate independently of each other and are generally unconnected, some connections do exist: between lines T2 and T3a, T3a and T3b, T1 and T5, T1 and T8 and T8 and T11 Express. However, the final design of the entire planned tram network is fairly integrated.
  Almost all lines are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, which also operates the Paris Métro and most bus services in the Paris immediate area. Furthermore, while most lines use conventional steel-wheel rolling stock, two lines use rubber-tired trams. Moreover, line T4, which uses tram-train technology, is operated by the French national rail operator SNCF as part of its Transilien regional rail network.
context_section_description: From 1855 to 1938, Paris was served by an extensive tramway network, predating the metro by nearly a half-century. In 1925 the network had a 1,111 km (690 mi) length, with 122 lines. In the 1930s, the oil and automobile industry lobbies put pressure on the Paris Police Prefecture to remove tram tracks and make room for cars. The last of these first generation tram lines inside of Paris, that connected Porte de Saint-Cloud to Porte de Vincennes, was closed in 1937, and the last line in the entire Paris agglomeration, running between Le Raincy and Montfermeil, ended its service on 14 August 1938.
  Originally horse-powered, Paris trams used steam, and later pneumatic engines, then electricity. The funicular that operated in Belleville from 1891 to 1924 is sometimes erroneously thought of as a tramway, but was actually a cable car system. The first of the new generation of trams in Paris, the current line T1, opened in 1992, with Line T2 opening in 1997 and Lines T3 and T4 in 2006. Lines T5 and T7, opened in 2013 while T6 and T8 opened in 2014. T11 opened in 2017, while T9 & T10, held back into paper projects for many years, are still under preparative works, now joined by lines T12 & T13, the last parts of the former Grande Ceinture line that aren't covered by T11.
caption: Trams of the former network, seen near the Pont au Change in central Paris
exif: {"Image Make": "Canon", "Image Model": "CanoScan LiDE 500F", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "CanoScan Toolbox 4.9.1.1", "Image DateTime": "2008 :11 :29 16 :49 :31", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image ExifOffset": "226", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "300", "Thumbnail YResolution": "300", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "512", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "5203", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2008 :11 :29 16 :49 :31", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1612", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "1040", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "376", "EXIF FileSource": "Reflection Print Scanner", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto"}