page_title: Mount Roraima
section_title: Flora and fauna
hierarchical_section_title: Mount Roraima / Flora and fauna
caption_attribution_description: English: Utricularia campbelliana. Roraima, Venezuela
context_page_description: Mount Roraima is the highest of the Pakaraima chain of tepuis or plateaus in South America. First described to Europeans by the English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh during his 1595 expedition, its 31-square-kilometre summit area is bounded on all sides by cliffs rising 400 metres. The mountain also serves as the tripoint of Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil. Raleigh learned about it from indigenous peoples, who lived there before arrival of Europeans in the 1500–1600s.
  Mount Roraima lies on the Guiana Shield in the southeastern corner of Venezuela's 30,000-square-kilometre Canaima National Park forming the highest peak of Guyana's Highland Range.
  The highest point in Guyana and the highest point of the Brazilian state of Roraima lie on the plateau, but Venezuela and Brazil have higher mountains elsewhere. The triple border point is at 5°12′08″N 60°44′07″W, but the mountain's highest point is Laberintos del Norte.
  The 85% of this tepui is in Venezuelan territory, 10% in the territory of Guyana., and 5% belongs to the state of Roraima in Brazil.
context_section_description: Many of the species found on Roraima are unique to the tepui plateaus with two local endemic plants found on Roraima summit. Plants such as pitcher plants (Heliamphora), Campanula (a bellflower), and the rare Rapatea heather are commonly found on the escarpment and summit. It rains almost every day of the year. Almost the entire surface of the summit is bare sandstone, with only a few bushes (Bonnetia roraimae) and algae present. Low scanty and bristling vegetation is also found in the small, sandy marshes that intersperse the rocky summit. Most of the nutrients that are present in the soil are washed away by torrents that cascade over the edge, forming some of the highest waterfalls in the world.
  There are multiple examples of unique fauna atop Mount Roraima. Oreophrynella quelchii, commonly called the Roraima Bush Toad, is a diurnal toad usually found on open rock surfaces and shrubland. It is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae and breeds by direct development. The species is currently listed as vulnerable and there is a need for increased education among tourists to make them aware of the importance of not handling these animals in the wild. Close population monitoring is also required, particularly since this species is known only from a single location. The species is protected in Monumento Natural Los Tepuyes in Venezuela, and Parque Nacional Monte Roraima in Brazil.
caption: Utricularia campbelliana from Mount Roraima
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