page_title: Roman Shukhevych
section_title: Ukrainian Military Organization
hierarchical_section_title: Roman Shukhevych / Life / Ukrainian Military Organization
caption_attribution_description: Українська: Роман Шухевич, Юрій Березинський і невідомий на Волині.
context_page_description: Roman-Taras Yosypovych Shukhevych, also known by his pseudonym Taras Chuprynka, was a Ukrainian nationalist, one of the commanders of Nachtigall Battalion, a hauptmann of the German Schutzmannschaft 201 auxiliary police battalion, a military leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, and one of the organizers of the Halych-Volhyn Massacre.
context_section_description: In 1925 Shukhevych joined the Ukrainian Military Organization (UVO). In 1926 the regional team of UVO ordered Shukhevych to assassinate the Lwów school superintendent, Stanisław Sobiński, accused of "Polonizing" the Ukrainian education system. Roman Shukhevych and Bohdan Pidhainy carried out the assassination on October 19, 1926. In 1928-29 Shukhevych served his military service in the Polish Army as an artillerist.
  In February 1929 the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) was founded in Vienna. Shukhevych, under the name "Dzvin" (Bell), became a representative of the Ukrainian Executive.
  Shukhevych was a leader of a wave of attacks against Polish property and homes in Galicia in 1930 intended to provoke Polish authorities into retaliation and to radicalise Ukrainian society. The Polish administration retaliated with a process of " pacification" which intensified anti-Polish sentiment and increased Ukrainian nationalism.
  Shukhevych planned and also participated in terrorist activities and assassinations (sometimes claimed by Ukrainian nationalists to be acts of protest against anti-Ukrainian policies). These included:
  the co-ordination of a series of expropriations from Polish government offices in order to fund continued insurrection in the struggle for Ukrainian national determination, i.e. bank robberies and assaults on postal offices or wagons.
  the September 1, 1931, assassination of Tadeusz Hołówko, a moderate Polish politician, who advocated cultural autonomy for Ukrainians. His murder caused a shock and was condemned by both societies.
  the assassination on March 22, 1932, of Police Commissioner Czechowski
  the unsuccessful attempted assassination of the Soviet consul in Lviv as a protest for the Holodomor in Central Ukraine. (Mykola Lemyk mistakenly assassinated the special emissary of the NKVD, Alexiy Mayov, instead.)
  the  assassination of the Polish member of parliament and Minister of Internal Affairs Bronisław Pieracki, whom the OUN declared responsible for organizing "pacification" actions. Hryts Matseiko carried out the assassination in Warsaw on June 15, 1934.
  the November 30, 1932, assault on the post office in Gródek Jagielloński with Shukhevych's direct participation, in which a number of civilians were killed.
  Shukhevych, with Stepan Bandera, Stepan Lenkavsky, Yaroslav Stetsko, Yaroslav Starukh, and others developed a concept of "permanent revolution". According to their manifesto, the Ukrainian people, exploited by an occupier, could only obtain freedom through continued assault on the enemy. As a result, the OUN took on the task of preparing for an all-Ukrainian revolt. Shukhevych propagated the idea that the revolution was an uncompromising conflict in order to permanently defeat the foe.
  Shukhevych took an active part in developing a concept regarding the formation of a Ukrainian army. At that time two diametrically opposed arguments existed. The first proposed forming a Ukrainian army of Ukrainian emigrants; the second advocated recruiting a national army in Western Ukraine organized by Ukrainians.
caption: Shukhevych (left) in the  Second Republic in 1930
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