page_title: Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre
section_title: Hondarribia and last stand at Amaiur
hierarchical_section_title: Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre / Hondarribia and last stand at Amaiur
caption_attribution_description: English: Memorial to the defenders of Amaiur at the site of the fortress during the Spanish conquest of Navarre (1522)Euskara: Amaiurren defendatzaileen omenezko oroitarria, Espainiaren Nafarroako konkista garaiko gotorlekuaren tokian (1522)Español: Monumento a los defensores de Amaiur, en el emplazamiento del fuerte en la época de las conquista española de Navarra (1522)
context_page_description: The Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was initiated by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by his grandson and successor Charles V in a series of military campaigns lasting from 1512 to 1524. Ferdinand was both the king of Aragon and regent of Castile in 1512. When Pope Julius II declared a Holy League against France in late 1511, Navarre attempted to remain neutral. Ferdinand used this as an excuse to attack Navarre, conquering it while its potential protector, France, was beset by England, Venice, and Ferdinand's own Italian armies.
  Several attempts were made to reconquer Iberian Navarre immediately following the Castilian invasion. There was a half-hearted attempt in 1516 and a full-fledged Franco-Navarrese campaign in 1521. All attempts were defeated by the Spanish and clashes came to a halt in 1528, when Spanish troops withdrew from Lower Navarre north of the Pyrenees. The Treaty of Cambrai between Spain and France in 1529 sealed the division of Navarre along the Pyrenees.
caption: Memorial to the defenders of the independence of Navarre at the site of the Amaiur stronghold (1522–1922)
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