page_title: Regalia of the Russian tsars
section_title: Regalia of Michael Fyodorovich
hierarchical_section_title: Regalia of the Russian tsars / Regalia of Michael Fyodorovich
caption_attribution_description: Astrahan crown
context_page_description: Regalia of the Russian tsars are the insignia of tzars and emperors of Russia from the 13th to the 20th centuries. Some of the artefacts were changed or substituted, the most radical change happened in the 18th century, when Peter the Great reformed the state and transitioned it to European-style monarchy.
  After the Russian Revolution the great number of the Romanovs' was sold by the Bolsheviks, but the most important coronation regalia were placed in the Kremlin Armoury. Since 1967 they are displayed as a part of Diamond Fund permanent exposotion.
context_section_description: During the Time of Troubles in 1610-1612 the tzars' treasury was plundered by the Polish troops. They took almost all armour and weapons from the Great Treasury. Still, some items of the utmost value were kept in the occupied Kremlin under the protection of the boyars. When the Seven Boyars agreed to acknowledge Władysław, the king of Poland, as the king of Russia, he spared the historical monarchical insignia. Later the new king of Russia Michael Fyodorovich replenished the treasury with new artefacts. In 1627-1628 the "Grand Set" of regalia was created for him.
  Golden carving chain This chain was presented to Tsar Michael Fyodorovich in 1631 by the Dutch. It was made in Western Europe in 1620s, later in Russia it was altered and became part of the "Grand set". It consists of 79 carving blackening rectangular links.
  Golden chain The golden chain belonged to Tsar Michael Fyodorovich. It was executed by Kremlin makers and first mentioned in papers of the State treasury in 1640. It consists of 89 rounds, slightly convoluted rings with an ornamental inscription on each ring. The inscription includes a praying to the Holy Trinity, the complete title of the Tsar with a list of towns, princedoms and lands of the Russian State and the Tsar's hortation to live according to the precepts of God.
  The Crown of the "Grand set" belonged to Tsar Michael Fyodorovich. It was crafted by Kremlin master E. Telepnev in 1627. Crown has 177 precious stones and pearls. Since 18th century this crown served as heraldic crown of the Astrakhan Khanate.
  The Golden throne of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich was crafted at the beginning of the 17th century from the old chair of oriental workmanship which had belonged to Ivan the Terrible. In its form, high back and arms, it resembles Russian armchairs, but oriental motifs still remain in the ornament: The throne is faced with embossed gold and adorned with rubies, pearls, turquoise and other uncut stones. The throne was made in the early 17th century in Kremlin Workshops. Its decoration is similar to that of the throne of Boris Godunov. 13 kilos of gold, gemstones and pearls were used for its ornamentation. Partly throne's decoration haven’t survived. A part of golden plates in the base as well as the throne's pediment were missing. In total on this throne are surviving 1325 rubies and tourmalines, 559 turquoises, 16 pearls, 28 sapphires and 36 other precious stones.
  Also "Grand set" consist from various precious armament and equipment, survived in Kremlin Armoury. Most important from these things are:
  Saadak and quiver Saadak (precious bow-case) of "Grand set", in complect with quiver, was executed in Kremlin c.1627: In total saadak and quiver are adorned 183 diamonds, 5 rubies, 34 sapphires, 153 emeralds and 139 tourmalins.
  Shield This precious steel (with carving gold designs) shield was made by master Muchammed Mumin Zernishan in Persia in late of the 16th century: Until 1620 it belonged to prince Fyodor Mstislavsky (former Semiboyarzchina Head), after his death it was taken to Kremlin Armoury and became part of "Grand set". It is adorned 1478 small gemstones and 32 pearls.
  Sabre Sabre of "Grand set" was made by Kremlin masters in the 1620s. It very rare artefact has 552 diamonds and 165 other precious stones, mostly pink tourmalins.
  "State helmet" This helmet - "ericho cap" - was made in Turkey in the 1600s, and altered in 1621 in Kremlin Armoury by masters N.Davydov and I.Markov, and later in 1642. Steel helmet with golden carving, it has Turkish inscription - quotations from Qur'an. It is adorned 116 diamonds, 10 emeralds, 225 tourmalines and 164 pearls. By latest legend, this regalia belonged to Saint Alexander Nevsky. Since 18th century it served also as heraldic Helmet of Russian Empire.
  After Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich death in Kremlin Armoury were given his personal jewels and equipment, not applied to "Grand set". Most important from them are:
  Broadsword Broadsword was executed by master Czech Nil Prosvit in Kremlin Armoury in 1617. It has inscription: «Sy tesak sdeelan poweleniem Gossudara Tzaira 
caption: The crown of "Grand set" - "Astrahan crown"
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