page_title: Roman calendar
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Roman calendar / History
caption_attribution_description: English: Fasti Praenestini, calendar of Verrius Flaccus. From Palestrina. Français&#160;: Fasti Praenestini, calendrier de Verrius Flaccus. Provenance&#160;: Palestrina. Italiano: Fasti Praenestini, calendario di Verrio Flacco. Da Palestrino.
context_page_description: The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman kingdom and republic. The term often includes the Julian calendar established by the reforms of the dictator Julius Caesar and emperor Augustus in the late 1st century BC and sometimes includes any system dated by inclusive counting towards months' kalends, nones, and ides in the Roman manner. The term usually excludes the Alexandrian calendar of Roman Egypt, which continued the unique months of that land's former calendar; the Byzantine calendar of the later Roman Empire, which usually dated the Roman months in the simple count of the ancient Greek calendars; and the Gregorian calendar, which refined the Julian system to bring it into still closer alignment with the tropical year.
  Roman dates were counted inclusively forward to the next of three principal days: the first of the month, a day shortly before the middle of the month, and eight days—nine, counting inclusively—before this. The original calendar consisted of ten months beginning in spring with March; winter was left as an unassigned span of days. These months ran for 38 nundinal cycles, each forming an eight-day week ended by religious rituals and a public market.
caption: The remains of the Fasti Praenestini
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