page_title: Buxtehude
section_title: History
hierarchical_section_title: Buxtehude / History
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Europas ältestes erhaltenes Feingebäck English: Europe's oldest surviving fine bread top: Original bottom: reconstruction
context_page_description: Buxtehude, officially the Hanseatic City of Buxtehude, is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany, belonging to the district of Stade in Lower Saxony. It is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region and attached to the city's S-Bahn rapid transit network. Buxtehude is a medium-sized town and the second largest municipality in the Stade district. It lies on the southern border of the Altes Land in close proximity to the city-state of Hamburg. To the west lie the towns of Horneburg and Stade and to the south there are a number of incorporated villages featuring mostly upscale housing, e.g. Ottensen and Apensen.
context_section_description: Early signs of settlements are the Daensen folding chair from a Bronze Age tumulus near Daensen and the Ovelgönne bread roll from the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe, which was found in a loam mine in Ovelgönne.
  In 959 a settlement by the Este river is first recorded. The manor of "Buochstadon" is given to the Abbey of Magdeburg. Soon a wharf, "Hude", is established.
  In 1135 the settlement is mentioned as "Buchstadihude" in a reference to the success of trade from the quay.
  In 1180 the Duchy of Saxony, to which "Buchstadihude" belonged, is conquered and dissolved. Buxtehude becomes part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, newly upgraded to imperial immediacy it became one of the many successor states of the Duchy of Saxony. Nevertheless, ecclesiastically Buxtehude remained a part of the Diocese of Verden until Catholicism was overthrown in the Reformation with that diocese remaining vacant since 1644.
  In 1197 two royal settlers found a Benedictine Monastery near the village. Owing to the fertile soil and a partial participation in the saline of Lüneburg wealth and population increase.
  In 1280 the prince-archbishop Giselbert of Bremen orders the settlement to be protected by defensive walls and fortifications including 5 zwingers, 7 peels and 3 town gates.
  In 1328 the town hall is mentioned for the first time and the settlement is granted full town privileges, based on the law of Hamburg. By now "Buxtehude" is self-governing and rapidly growing into a centre of trade.
  In 1485 the immensely wealthy "Master Halepaghen", cousin and tutor of the burgomaster of Hamburg, dies and donates his assets to the town for scholarships and charitable purposes.
  In 1542 the town council of Buxtehude adopted Lutheranism within its domain.
  In 1600s Hanseatic trade declines and the most important area of trade is in cattle. Apart from Stade, Buxtehude is the only crossing point on the Elbe river.
  In 1645 Buxtehude surrendered to the Swedish army and loses its independence. Trade and population decrease dramatically.
  In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen was converted to the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedes and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown.
  1769 the monastery is demolished owing to secularization.
  In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region.
  In 1837 the link road through the town reanimates business and trade.
  1845 is dominated by industrial boom with a paper factory being installed on the former cloister ground.
  In 1945 the population grows to 14,000. Much living space in Hamburg was in ruins and people fled to the suburbs and surrounding towns and villages such as Buxtehude.
  In 1958 Buxtehude became part of the plan for the reconstruction of Hamburg after the war and thus was heavily funded by the government.
  Lower Saxony incorporates 9 neighbouring villages into the town in 1972 changing the structure of Buxtehude and creating a cluster of more than 30,000 inhabitants.
  In 1983 the old part of town is pedestrianized.
  In 1985 town twinning with Blagnac (France) is undertaken.
  In 1990 Ribnitz-Damgarten in the former German Democratic Republic becomes the second twin town.
caption: The Ovelgönne bread roll (top) with reconstruction (below)
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