page_title: List of mammals of South America
section_title: Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)
hierarchical_section_title: List of mammals of South America / Subclass: Theria / Infraclass: Eutheria / Superorder: Laurasiatheria / Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates and cetaceans)
caption_attribution_description: Marsh Deer, Esteros Del Ibera, Corrientes, Argentina, 3rd. Jan. 2011
context_page_description: This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in South America. South America's terrestrial mammals fall into three distinct groups: "old-timers", African immigrants and recent North American immigrants. The marsupials and xenarthrans are "old-timers", their ancestors having been present on the continent since at least the very early Cenozoic Era. During the early Cenozoic, South America's only land connection was to Antarctica, so it was effectively cut off from most of the world; as the fragments of Gondwana continued to separate, this connection was lost, leaving South America an island continent. Caviomorph rodents and monkeys arrived as "waif dispersers" by rafting across the Atlantic from Africa in the Eocene epoch, 35 million or more years ago. All the remaining nonflying mammals of South America are recent arrivals, having migrated from North America via Central America during the past seven million years as part of the Great American Interchange; this invasion, which peaked around three million years ago, was made possible when the formation of the volcanic Isthmus of Panama bridged North and South America.
context_section_description: The weight of even-toed ungulates is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 noncetacean artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. South America's considerable cervid diversity belies their relatively recent arrival. The presence of camelids in South America but not North America today is ironic, given that they have a 45-million-year-long history in the latter continent (where they originated), and only a 3-million-year history in the former.
  Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
  Genus: Catagonus
  Chacoan peccary, Catagonus wagneri EN
  Genus: Pecari
  Collared peccary, Pecari tajacu LC
  Giant peccary, Pecari maximus DD
  Genus: Tayassu
  White-lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari VU
  Family: Camelidae (camels, llamas)
  Genus: Lama
  Guanaco, Lama guanicoe LC
  Genus: Vicugna
  Vicuña, Vicugna vicugna LC
  Family: Cervidae (deer)
  Subfamily: Capreolinae
  Genus: Blastocerus
  Marsh deer, Blastocerus dichotomus VU
  Genus: Hippocamelus
  Taruca, Hippocamelus antisensis VU
  South Andean deer, Hippocamelus bisulcus EN
  Genus: Mazama
  Red brocket, Mazama americana DD
  Small red brocket, Mazama bororo VU
  Merida brocket, Mazama bricenii VU
  Dwarf brocket, Mazama chunyi VU
  Gray brocket, Mazama gouazoupira LC
  Pygmy brocket, Mazama nana VU
  Amazonian brown brocket, Mazama nemorivaga LC
  Little red brocket, Mazama rufina VU
  Central American red brocket, Mazama temama DD
  Genus: Odocoileus
  White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus LC
  Genus: Ozotoceros
  Pampas deer, Ozotoceros bezoarticus NT
  Genus: Pudú
  Northern pudú, Pudu mephistophiles VU
  Southern pudú, Pudu puda NT
caption: Marsh deer
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