page_title: Haplogroup R1a
section_title: Diversification of R1a1a1 (M417) and ancient migrations
hierarchical_section_title: Haplogroup R1a / Origins / Diversification of R1a1a1 (M417) and ancient migrations
caption_attribution_description: English: R1a origins (Underhill 2010; R1a1a origins (Pamjav 2012); possible migration R1a to Baltic coast; and R1a1a oldest expansion and highest frequency (Underhill 2014)
context_page_description: Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia.
  While R1a originated ca. 22,000 to 25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 diversified ca. 5,800 years ago. The place of origin of the subclade plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans.
  The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17, which resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup for the relatively rare lineages which are not in the R-SRY10831.2 branch leading to R-M17.
context_section_description: According to Underhill et al. (2014), the downstream R1a-M417 subclade diversified into Z282 and Z93 circa 5,800 years ago. Even though R1a occurs as a Y-chromosome haplogroup among various languages such as Slavic and Indo-Iranian, the question of the origins of R1a1a is relevant to the ongoing debate concerning the urheimat of the Proto-Indo-European people, and may also be relevant to the origins of the Indus Valley Civilization. R1a shows a strong correlation with Indo-European languages of Southern and Western Asia and Central and Eastern Europe, being most prevalent in Eastern Europe, West Asia, and South Asia. In Europe, Z282 is prevalent particularly while in Asia Z93 dominates. The connection between Y-DNA R-M17 and the spread of Indo-European languages was first noted by T. Zerjal and colleagues in 1999.
caption: R1a origins (Underhill 2009;[3] R1a1a origins (Pamjav et al. 2012); possible migration R1a to Baltic coast; and R1a1a oldest expansion and highest frequency (Underhill et al. 2014)
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