page_title: Robert Pitcairn (Royal Navy officer)
section_title: Naval career
hierarchical_section_title: Robert Pitcairn (Royal Navy officer) / Naval career
caption_attribution_description: English: View of Pitcairn Island
context_page_description: Robert Pitcairn was a Scottish midshipman in the Royal Navy. Pitcairn Island was named after him: he was the first person to spot the island on 2 July 1767, while serving in a voyage in the South Pacific on HMS Swallow, captained by Philip Carteret.
context_section_description: Pitcairn served on HMS Emerald, a 32-gun fifth-rate ship, and then joined HMS Swallow in July 1766 as a midshipman (the ship's pay-book listed him as aged 19, but baptismal records show he was only 14). The ship, a 14-gun sixth-rate sloop, sailed under Philip Carteret on a voyage of exploration in the South Pacific, accompanying HMS Dolphin commanded by Samuel Wallis.  The two ships were parted shortly after sailing through the Strait of Magellan.  Carteret took a more southerly route through the Pacific Ocean, and so failed to find much new land, while Wallis took a more northerly route and became the first clearly documented European vessel to land at Tahiti in June 1767.
  On Thursday, 2 July 1767 (according to the ship's records; 1 July according to the civil calendar), Pitcairn was the first person on the Swallow to spot an island in the Pacific. He was just fifteen at this time. The island was described by Carteret as "small high uninhabited island, not above 4 or 5 miles round ... scarce better than a large rock in the Ocean" and was named "Pitcairn's Island" after the midshipman. High volcanic cliffs prevented the voyagers landing on the island. Recorded (erroneously) at a 25°02′S 133°21′W, the incorrect coordinates meant that the island could not be found again by later voyages, but from its description and general location it is considered to be Pitcairn Island, which actually lies 327.4 kilometres (203.4 mi) further east, at 25°04′S 130°06′W. The 3° longitude error may be explained by Carteret sailing without the benefit of the new marine chronometer.
  Pitcairn arrived back in England on the Swallow in March 1769. He left the Swallow in May 1769, and joined the East India Company ship HMS Aurora, a 32-gun fifth-rate frigate, commanded by Captain Thomas Lee.
caption: Pitcairn Island
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