page_title: Miroslav Tyrš
section_title: Sports and the Sokol movement
hierarchical_section_title: Miroslav Tyrš / Sports and the Sokol movement
caption_attribution_description: Čeština: Čáslav, zakladatel Sokola Miroslav Tyrš: pamětní deska na sokolovně (Masarykova 471/34); okres Kutná Hora, Česká republika. English: Čáslav, founder of “Sokol” Miroslav Tyrš: Memorial Plaque on Sokol House (Masarykova 471/34). Kutná Hora District, the Czech Republic.
context_page_description: Miroslav Tyrš was a Czech art historian, sports organizer and together with Jindřich Fügner the cofounder of the Sokol movement.
context_section_description: His bad physical condition gave him an interest in sports. His doctor recommended that he attend Schmidt Institute of Sports and later the institute of Jan Malýpetr. He taught sports to the sons of a businessman in Nový Jáchymov and made up new sports terminology for them. In February 1862, together with Jindřich Fügner, his father-in-law, he founded Tělocvičná jednota (Physical Training Union), which two years later adopted the name Sokol, as proposed by Emanuel Tonner. As a born German he wanted the club to be open to all the nationalities, but Germans in Bohemia refused to be in the same club with Czechs, so Tyrš changed his mind and started promoting the new club as bringing the Greek ideal only to Czech people. He saw in his teachings a kind of opposition to the German "völkisch" virtues established by Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. First Sokol president Jindřich Fügner introduced the members' habit of calling each other brother and sister. Their costume was designed by Josef Mánes. Tyrš became the first vice-president. After the first trips to Říp and Závist, the movement became widely popular among Czech patriots and in 1863 there were over 2000 members. Tyrš introduced the physical training system and nomenclature in Základy tělocviku (Basics of Physical Training, 1865). He also introduced a Renaissance-like architecture of Sokol gymnasiums.
caption: Memorial Plaque of Tyrš at Sokol House in Čáslav from 1932
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