page_title: Chinese Manichaeism
hierarchical_section_title: Chinese Manichaeism
caption_attribution_description: English: Icon of Mani depicted on a hanging scroll, southern China, 14th/15th century. Discovered in 2019 by the professor Yutaka Yoshida in the Fujita Art Museum, Osaka, Japan. 日本語: 大阪市の藤田美術館が所蔵し、地蔵菩薩（ぼさつ）像とされていた絹絵が、マニ教の始祖マニを描いたものだったことが、京都大の吉田豊教授（文献言語学）らの調査で分かった。独りだけを描く独尊像としてのマニ像が確認されたのは世界で初めてという。マニ像は13日から奈良国立博物館での特別展「国宝の殿堂　藤田美術館展」で公開されている。 奈良国立博物館や吉田教授によると、マニ像は縦183・3センチ、横67・5センチ。中国で元～明に当たる14世紀に制作されたとみられ、絹地に鮮やかな色彩で描かれている。地蔵菩薩像とされていたが、衣服の特徴などからマニ像と分かった。 マニは3世紀にメソポタミア（現在のイラク—）で生まれ、マニ教の始祖となった。マニ教はヨーロッパやアフリカ北部、アジアに広がる世界的宗教に発展したが11世紀ごろから衰退、やがて滅亡した。中国の江南地方では明の時代まで信者がいたといい、仏教風のマニ教絵画が作られている。 藤田美術館は、明治期に活躍した実業家の藤田伝三郎や息子らのコレクションを所蔵。マニ像が収集された経緯は不明で、昭和12年刊行の美術雑誌「国華」に写真が掲載されて以降、長らく所在が分からなかった。今回の特別展の準備中、美術館所蔵品の中に確認された。 出典：https://www.nara-np.co.jp/news/20190414094444.html
context_page_description: Chinese Manichaeism, known as Monijiao or Mingjiao, is the form of Manichaeism transmitted and practiced in China. It rose to prominence during the Tang dynasty and, despite frequent persecutions, continued long after the other forms of Manichaeism were eradicated in the West. The most complete set of surviving Manichaean writings were written in Chinese sometime before the 9th century and were found in the Mogao Caves among the Dunhuang manuscripts.
  Chinese Manichaeism represents a set of teachings with the purpose of inducing awakening, and it is a dualistic religion that believes in the eternal fight between the principles of good/light and evil/darkness, the former being represented by a God known as Shangdi, Míngzūn 明尊 "Radiant Lord" or Zhēnshén 真神 "True God". Salvation is delivered by the Living Spirit of God, of whom there have been many manifestations in human form, including Mani.
context_section_description: Chinese Manichaeism, known as Monijiao (Chinese: 摩尼教; pinyin: Móníjiào; Wade–Giles: Mo²-ni² Chiao⁴; lit.: 'religion of Moni') or Mingjiao (Chinese: 明教; pinyin: Míngjiào; Wade–Giles: Ming²-Chiao⁴; lit.: 'religion of light' or 'bright religion'), is the form of Manichaeism transmitted and practiced in China. It rose to prominence during the Tang dynasty and, despite frequent persecutions, continued long after the other forms of Manichaeism were eradicated in the West. The most complete set of surviving Manichaean writings were written in Chinese sometime before the 9th century and were found in the Mogao Caves among the Dunhuang manuscripts.
  Chinese Manichaeism represents a set of teachings with the purpose of inducing awakening (佛 fó), and it is a dualistic religion that believes in the eternal fight between the principles of good/light and evil/darkness, the former being represented by a God known as Shangdi, Míngzūn 明尊 "Radiant Lord" or Zhēnshén 真神 "True God". Salvation is delivered by the Living Spirit (淨活風 Jìnghuófēng) of God, of whom there have been many manifestations in human form, including Mani (摩尼 Móní).
caption: Mani on a hanging scroll, c. 14th/15th century.
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