page_title: Proportion (architecture)
section_title: Vitruvius
hierarchical_section_title: Proportion (architecture) / Roman architecture / Vitruvius
caption_attribution_description: Deutsch: Der vitruvianische Mensch. Proportionsschema der menschlichen Gestalt nach Vitruv. (Leonardo da Vinci 1485/90, Venedig, Galleria dell' Accademia) العربية: رجل فيتروفيوس وفقا لرسم ليوناردو دافنشي (1485-1490 ، البندقية, متحف الاكاديمية English: Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci, Galleria dell' Accademia, Venice (1485-90) Català: Home Vitruvià, Leonardo da Vinci (1485-1490, Venècia, Galeria de l'Acadèmia) Español: Hombre de Vitruvio (Homo cuadratus), Leonardo da Vinci. (1485-1490). Venecia: Galería de la Academia Français&#160;: L'Homme de Vitruve, Léonard de Vinci (1485-1490, Venise, Galleria dell' Accademia) Plume, encre et lavis sur papier Magyar: Vitruvius-tanulmány Leonardo da Vinci vázlata, az emberi test méretarányait elemzi (1485-90, Velence, Galleria dell' Accademia) Italiano: L'uomo vitruviano di Leonardo da Vinci (1485/90, Venezia, Galleria dell' Accademia) Português: Homem de Vitrúvio por Leonardo da Vinci (1485-90, Veneza, Galleria dell' Accademia) Template:Pt(br) 中文: 达芬奇的素描《维特鲁威人》（1485年-1490年间作品，现藏于威尼斯的学院美术馆(Galleria dell' Accademia)） Русский: «Витрувианский человек» Леонардо да Винчи (1490, Галерея Академии, Венеция) Slovenščina: Razmerja človeškega telesa po Vitruviju, avtor Leonardo da Vinci (1485/90, Venedig, Galleria dell' Accademia) Українська: «Вітрувіанська людина» Леонардо да Вінчі (1490, Галерея Академії, Венеція)
context_page_description: Proportion is a central principle of architectural theory and an important connection between mathematics and art. It is the visual effect of the relationships of the various objects and spaces that make up a structure to one another and to the whole. These relationships are often governed by multiples of a standard unit of length known as a "module".
  Proportion in architecture was discussed by Vitruvius, Leon Battista Alberti, Andrea Palladio, and Le Corbusier among others.
context_section_description: Architecture in Roman antiquity was rarely documented except in the writings of Vitruvius' treatise De architectura. Vitruvius served as an engineer under Julius Caesar during the first Gallic Wars (58–50 BC). The treatise was dedicated to Emperor Augustus. As Vitruvius defined the concept in the first chapters of the treatise, he mentioned the three prerequisites of architecture are firmness (firmitas), commodity (utilitas), and delight (venustas), which require the architects to be equipped with a varied kind of learning and knowledge of many branches. Moreover, Vitruvius identified the "Six Principles of Design" as order (ordinatio), arrangement (dispositio), proportion (eurythmia), symmetry (symmetria), propriety (decor) and economy (distributio). Among the six principles, proportion interrelates and supports all the other factors in geometrical forms and arithmetical ratios.
  The word symmetria, usually translated to "symmetry" in modern renderings, in ancient times meant something more closely related to "mathematical harmony" and measurable proportions. Vitruvius tried to describe his theory in the makeup of the human body,  which he referred to as the perfect or golden ratio. The principles of measurement units digit, foot, and cubit also came from the dimensions of a Vitruvian Man. More specifically, Vitruvius used the total height of 6 feet of a person, and each part of the body takes up a different ratio. For example, the face is about 1/10 of the total height, and the head is about 1/8 of the total height. Vitruvius used these ratios to prove that the composition of classical orders mimicked the human body, thereby ensuring aesthetic harmonization when people viewed architectural columns.
caption: The Vitruvian Man developed by Leonardo da Vinci based on the description of Vitruvius' ideal ratio  of the  human body.
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