page_title: Climate change in Mexico
section_title: Coffee
hierarchical_section_title: Climate change in Mexico / Climate Change and Agriculture / Impacts on Maize and Coffee / Coffee
caption_attribution_description: English: Bag of unroasted coffee beans
context_page_description: Climate change in Mexico is expected to have widespread impacts on Mexico: with significant decreases in precipitation and increases in temperatures. This will put pressure on the economy, people and the biodiversity of many parts of the country, which have large arid or hot climates.
  Already climate change has impacted agriculture, biodiversity, farmer livelihoods, and migration, as well as "water, health, air pollution, traffic disruption from floods, [and] housing vulnerability to landslides." Altered precipitation patterns and warming temperatures has led to economic insecurity in Mexico, particularly for smallholder farmers, and have laced significant burdens on Mexico’s economically and culturally important crops: maize and coffee. Climate change impacts are especially severe in Mexico City due to increases in air pollution. Ecological impacts of climate change within Mexico include reductions in landscape connectivity and shifting migratory patterns of animals. Furthermore, climate change in Mexico is tied to worldwide trade and economic processes which relates directly to global food security.
context_section_description: Variable and extreme climatic events such as droughts, floods, and excessive heat will have – and is already having - important impacts on both the quality and overall production of coffee in Mexico. In Mexico and Central America more broadly, some 8.5 million people rely on coffee production for their livelihoods. In 2012, higher than average temperatures and high-altitude rains led to an outbreak of coffee leaf rust, affecting roughly 50 percent of the coffee crop in Central America. This resulted in $500 million in crop damages to the region and caused many people in the region to lose their livelihoods. Regional studies in Mexico have projected that coffee growing could be unviable by the end of the decade. Responses will need to occur both in the social and ecological realms and across multiple scales. Key strategies include crop diversification and the implementation of more resilient coffee production systems. Farmer education, access to information, health, and equity factors all play important roles in adaptation responses as well. Yet, there are also large-scale and global factors at play, such as international trade markets, which are often volatile, that are beyond farmers’ control. A handful of coffee companies, NGOs, and agencies have initiated training and education programs for Mexican farmers to better respond to climate change.
caption: Coffee produced in Mexico.
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