page_title: List of common misconceptions
section_title: Modern history
hierarchical_section_title: List of common misconceptions / History / Modern history
caption_attribution_description: العربية: الپودنغ الكامل في خطر، أو، الذوَّاقة الحُكوميُّون يتناولون عشاءً صغيرًا... Js. Gillray, inv. &amp; fecit. خُلاصة الرسم: يظهر الوزير البريطاني ويليام پت، مُرتديًا ملابسًا عسكريَّة بريطانيَّة نموذجيَّة، وهو جالسٌ إلى المائدة مع الإمبراطور الفرنسي ناپُليون بوناپرت. كِلاهُما يبدو وهو يقتطع شريحةً كبيرةً من حلوى الپودنغ نُقشت عليها خريطةُ العالم. يُلاحظ أنَّ شريحة پت أكبر بِكثير من شريحة ناپُليون. حجم وسطي: مخروطة وحيدة، تلوين يدوي. صُنعت\نُشرت في: لندن: هـ. همفري، 1805 شُباط (فبراير) 26. وفق ما يقوله الباحثان رايت وإيڤانز، فإنَّ هذه الرسمة تُظهر العلامات الوصفيَّة والتاريخيَّة الهزليَّة لِجيمس گيلراي (1851، OCLC 59510372)، ص. 240، «الإمبراطور العتيد، وخصمه الوزير الإنگليزي، يخدمان نفسيهما—أحدهما يأخذ الأرض، والآخر يأخذ البحار. وفق اقتراحات الإمبراطور العتيد في سبيل التصالح مع إنگلترا في شهر كانون الثاني (يناير) من سنة 1805». English: The Plumb-pudding in danger, or, State epicures taking un petit souper. The great Globe itself and all which it inherit [sic], is too small to satisfy such insatiable appetites. Js. Gillray, inv. &amp; fecit. SUMMARY: William Pitt, wearing a regimental uniform and hat, sitting at a table with Napoleon. They are each carving a large plum pudding on which is a map of the world. Pitt's slice is considerably larger than Napoleon's. MEDIUM: 1 print&#160;: etching, hand-colored. CREATED/PUBLISHED: London&#160;: H. Humphrey, 1805 February 26. According to Wright &amp; Evans, Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray (1851, OCLC 59510372), p. 240, "The new Emperor, and his opponent the English Minister, helping themselves—one taking the land, the other the sea. On the overtures made by the new Emperor for a reconciliation with England in the January of 1805." Deutsch: Der Plumpudding in Gefahr oder die Staats-Gourmets nehmen ein kleines Abendessen ein. Selbst die große Erdkugel und alles was sie enthält, ist zu klein für diesen unstillbaren Appetit. Js. Gillray, inv. &amp; fecit. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: William Pitt mit Regimentsuniform und -Hut sitzt mit Napoleon zu Tisch. Beide tranchieren einen großen Plumpudding, auf dem eine Weltkarte abgebildet ist. Pitts Anteil ist sehr viel größer als der von Napoleon. MEDIUM: Druck: Gravur, handkoloriert. VERÖFFENTLICHUNG: London&#160;: H. Humphrey, 1805 Februar 26. Français&#160;: Le Pudding en danger, ou, des états épicuriens prenant un petit souper (en français dans le texte). Même le grand globe et tout qu'il contient, est trop petit pour satisfaire un tel gand appétit. William Pitt, portant un uniforme et un chapeau militaires, est assis à une table avec Napoléon. Les deux personnages se partagent un grand pudding aux fruits secs portant une carte du monde. La part de Pitt est bien plus grande que celle de Napoléon. Gravure coloriée à la main. Créé et publié à Londres par H. Humphrey, les 26 février 1805. Le nouvel empereur, et son opposant le premier ministre anglais, se partagent le monde: Napoléon la terre, William Pitt, la mer. La caricature commente les propositions de réconciliation fait par Napoléon à l'Angleterre en janvier 1805. Русский: «Пудинг в опасности». Премьер-министр Питт (Англия) и Наполеон (Франция) делят мир. Английская карикатура времён пребывания Нессельроде на посту министра иностранных дел. Граф Карл Васильевич Нессельроде (1780—1862) с лёгкой руки Николая Семёновича Лескова стал известен под прозвищем Кисельвроде.
context_page_description: This is a list of popular wrong ideas and beliefs about notable topics. Each has been discussed in published literature.
context_section_description: Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte) (pictured) was not particularly short. After his death in 1821, the French emperor’s height was recorded as 5 feet 2 inches in French feet. This corresponds to 5 feet 6.5 inches in modern English feet, or 1.686 metres.
  According to Time magazine, there is a common misconception among Americans that Abraham Lincoln freed all the millions of American slaves with the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1863, but the Confederate constitution had prohibited other nations from freeing slaves in Rebel states. The Thirteenth Amendment, ratified on December 6, 1865, officially abolished slavery in all of the United States, under President Andrew Johnson, 8 months after Lincoln had died.
  Italian dictator Benito Mussolini did not "make the trains run on time". Much of the repair work had been performed before Mussolini and the Fascists came to power in 1922. Accounts from the era also suggest that the Italian railways' legendary adherence to timetables was more myth than reality.
  During the German Invasion of Poland in 1939, there is no evidence of Polish Cavalry mounting a brave but futile charge against German tanks using lances and sabres. Polish cavalry still carried the sabre, but were trained to fight as highly mobile, dismounted infantry and issued with light anti-tank weapons.
  During World War II, King Christian X of Denmark did not thwart Nazi attempts to identify Jews by wearing a yellow star himself. Jews in Denmark were never forced to wear the Star of David. The Danes did help most Jews flee the country before the end of the war.
  Albert Einstein did not fail mathematics in school. When shown a column claiming this fact, Einstein said "I never failed in mathematics... before I was fifteen I had mastered differential and integral calculus".
  John F. Kennedy's words "Ich bin ein Berliner" are standard German for "I am a Berliner". An urban legend has it that due to his use of the indefinite article ein, Berliner is translated as jelly doughnut, and that the population of Berlin was amused by the supposed mistake. The word Berliner is not commonly used in Berlin to refer to the Berliner Pfannkuchen; they are usually called ein Pfannkuchen.
  Eva Perón never uttered the quote "I will return and I will be millions". The quote was first formulated by the indigenous leader Túpac Katari in 1781 shortly before being executed. The misattribution to Eva Perón originates from a poem by José María Castiñeira de Dios written in Eva Perón's first-person narrative nearly ten years after her death. There is a similar quote in the Spartacus movie.
caption: The plumpudding in danger, a caricature by James Gilray, dated 1805: It shows William Pitt  on the left, and Napoleon on the right; Napoleon is noticeably smaller than Pitt
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