page_title: Joseph Thomas Clover
section_title: Apparatus
hierarchical_section_title: Joseph Thomas Clover / Apparatus
caption_attribution_description: English: Clover's portable regulating ether inhaler, 1877
context_page_description: Joseph Thomas Clover was an English doctor and pioneer of anaesthesia. He invented a variety of pieces of apparatus to deliver anaesthetics including ether and chloroform safely and controllably. By 1871 he had administered anaesthetics 13,000 times without a fatality.
  Clover assisted at surgery of public figures including Napoleon III, Princess Alexandra of Denmark and her husband King Edward VII, Sir Robert Peel, and Florence Nightingale.
  His inventions included the bulky 'Clover's chloroform apparatus', with which he was often photographed; and the compact 'Clover's portable regulating ether inhaler', which remained in used well into the 20th century.
  With fellow pioneer John Snow, Clover is one of the supporters on the crest of the Royal College of Anaesthetists.
context_section_description: During his lifetime, Clover invented and improved a variety of pieces of medical apparatus, especially those for easier and safer anaesthesia. Some of these inventions bore his name, including:
caption: Victorian journal illustration of Clover's portable regulating ether inhaler of 1877, showing 'This most ingenious and useful apparatus'.
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