page_title: Dryandra ser. Aphragma
section_title: According to George
hierarchical_section_title: Dryandra ser. Aphragma / According to George
caption_attribution_description: This is a scan of tab 3500 Dryandra pteridifolia, a species now known as Banksia pteridifolia (Tangled Honeypot). The image has been rotated.
context_page_description: Dryandra ser. Aphragma is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra. It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series. It was discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.
context_section_description: In 1996, Alex George demoted D. sect. Aphragma to a series within D. subg. Dryandra. He did not accept the previous definitions of the series, but nonetheless accepted the basic circumscription as sound; he instead used a range of flower, seed and leaf characters. The placement and circumscription of D. ser. Aphragma in George's arrangement, as amended in 1999 and 2005, may be summarised as follows:
  Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
  D. subg. Dryandra
  D. ser. Floribundae (1 species, 4 varieties)
  D. ser. Armatae (21 species, 7 subspecies, 4 varieties)
  D. ser. Marginatae (1 species)
  D. ser. Folliculosae (1 species, 5 varieties)
  D. ser. Acrodontae (4 species, 2 varieties)
  D. ser. Capitellatae (2 species, 2 subspecies)
  D. ser. Ilicinae (3 species, 2 varieties)
  D. ser. Dryandra (3 species, 2 subspecies)
  D. ser. Foliosae (3 species, 2 subspecies)
  D. ser. Decurrentes (1 species)
  D. ser. Tenuifoliae (2 species, 2 varieties)
  D. ser. Runcinatae (4 species, 7 subspecies)
  D. ser. Triangulares (3 species, 3 subspecies)
  D. ser. Aphragma
  D. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifolia)
  D. pteridifolia subsp. inretita (now B. pteridifolia subsp. inretita)
  D. pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia)
  D. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis (now B. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis)
  D. fililoba (now B. fililoba)
  D. shanklandiorum (now B. shanklandiorum)
  D. nervosa (now B. alliacea)
  D. blechnifolia (now B. pellaeifolia)
  D. porrecta (now B. porrecta)
  D. aurantia (now B. aurantia)
  D. calophylla (now B. calophylla)
  D. lepidorhiza (now B. lepidorhiza)
  D. ser. Ionthocarpae (1 species, 2 subspecies)
  D. ser. Inusitatae (1 species)
  D. ser. Subulatae (1 species)
  D. ser. Gymnocephalae (11 species, 4 subspecies, 2 varieties)
  D. ser. Concinnae (3 species)
  D. ser. Obvallatae (7 species, 2 varieties)
  D. ser. Pectinatae (1 species)
  D. ser. Acuminatae (1 species)
  D. ser. Niveae (7 species, 7 subspecies)
  D. subg. Hemiclidia (2 species)
  D. subg. Diplophragma (1 species)
caption: Dryandra pterifolia (now Banksia pteridifolia)
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