page_title: Kiowa
section_title: Transition period
hierarchical_section_title: Kiowa / History / Transition period
caption_attribution_description: Mamay-day-te Lone Wolf the younger (c, 1843-1923) or Lone Wolf the Second, originally named Mamamy-day-te (Mamay-dat-ta) or Mamadayte. “[...]It is believed that Soule made this picture about 1870, when Mamay-day-te was a fairly young warrior. His later pictures, mostly made in Washington when he went there from time to time as chief tribal delegate, show that he had changed considerably in appearance.” —Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, In: Wilbur Sturtevant Nye, Plains Indian raiders&#160;: the final phases of warfare from the Arkansas to the Red River, with original photographs by William S. Soule. University of Oklahoma Press, 1st edition, 1968, ISBN 0806111755, p332.
context_page_description: Kiowa people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains of the US. They migrated southward from western Montana into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado in the 17th and 18th centuries, and finally into the Southern Plains by the early 19th century. In 1867, the Kiowa were moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma.
  Today, they are federally recognized as Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma with headquarters in Carnegie, Oklahoma. As of 2011, there were 12,000 members. The Kiowa language, part of the Tanoan language family, is still spoken today.
context_section_description: The years from 1873 to 1878 marked a drastic change in Kiowa lifestyle. In June 1874, the Kiowa, along with a group of Comanche and Cheyenne warriors, made their last protest against the invasion of white men at the Battle of Adobe Walls in Texas, which proved futile. In 1877, the first homes were constructed for the Indian chiefs and a plan was initiated to employ Indians at the Agency. Thirty Indians were hired to form the first police force on the Reservation.
  The Kiowa agreed to settle on a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma. Some bands of Kiowas remained at large until 1875. Some of the Lipan Apache and Mescalero Apache bands with some Comanche in their company held out in northern Mexico until the early 1880s, when Mexican and U.S. Army forces drove them onto reservations or into extinction. By the Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867, the Kiowas settled in Western Oklahoma and Kansas.
  They were forced to move south of the Washita River to the Red River and Western Oklahoma with the Comanches and the Kiowa Apache Tribe. The transition from the free life of Plains people to a restricted life of the reservation was more difficult for some families than others.
caption: Ma-may-dayte
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