page_title: England in the Late Middle Ages
section_title: Edward IV (1461–83)
hierarchical_section_title: England in the Late Middle Ages / Political history / House of York / Edward IV (1461–83)
caption_attribution_description: PAS Database ID: LON-A33FF5 Image provided by Kate Sumnall, Finds Liaison Officer for Greater London. Copper-alloy boar mount found on the Thames foreshore near the Tower of London, London in October 2012. The boar is chained and collared, is wearing a crown, and has a crescent moon on the top of one of its forelegs (indicating that its wearer was a second son). It is believed to be associated with King Richard III, and may have been attached to an item of leather clothing worn by one of the king's supporters.
context_page_description: England in the Late Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the late medieval period, from the thirteenth century, the end of the Angevins, and the accession of Henry III – considered by many to mark the start of the Plantagenet dynasty – until the accession to the throne of the Tudor dynasty in 1485, which is often taken as the most convenient marker for the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the English Renaissance and early modern Britain.
  At the accession of Henry III only a remnant of English holdings remained in Gascony, for which English kings had to pay homage to the French, and the barons were in revolt. Royal authority was restored by his son who inherited the throne in 1272 as Edward I. He reorganized his possessions, and gained control of Wales and most of Scotland. His son Edward II was defeated at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 and lost control of Scotland. He was eventually deposed in a coup and from 1330 his son Edward III took control of the kingdom.
context_section_description: The Scottish queen Mary of Guelders provided Margaret with support and a Scottish army pillaged into southern England. London resisted in the fear of being plundered, then enthusiastically welcomed York's son Edward, Earl of March, with Parliament confirming that Edward should be made king. Edward was crowned as Edward IV after consolidating his position with victory at the Battle of Towton.
  Edward's preferment of the former Lancastrian-supporting Woodville family, following his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, led to Warwick and Edward's brother George Duke of Clarence helping Margaret depose Edward and return Henry to the throne in 1470. Edward and his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, fled, but on their return the next year Clarence switched sides at the Battle of Barnet, leading to the death of the Neville brothers. The subsequent Battle of Tewkesbury brought the demise of the last of the male line of the Beauforts. The battlefield execution of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and later murder of Henry VI extinguished the House of Lancaster.
caption: Bronze boar livery badge thought to have been worn by a supporter of Richard III, often described as the last Plantagenet king
exif: {"Image ImageWidth": "3114", "Image ImageLength": "1184", "Image BitsPerSample": "[8, 8, 8]", "Image Compression": "Uncompressed", "Image PhotometricInterpretation": "2", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image SamplesPerPixel": "3", "Image XResolution": "600", "Image YResolution": "600", "Image PlanarConfiguration": "1", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Microsoft Windows Live Photo Gallery14.0.8081.709", "Image DateTime": "2012:12:03 16:34:40", "Image ExifOffset": "2346", "Image Padding": "[]", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "4588", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "7270", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "1337", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "1027", "EXIF ImageUniqueID": "8D765CB8BDFA4EFBBD9C4BEF8A4D2E26", "EXIF Padding": "[]"}