page_title: Tanager
section_title: Group 1
hierarchical_section_title: Tanager / Systematics / Group 1
caption_attribution_description: Species&#160; Ramphocelus bresilius Family&#160; Thraupidae
context_page_description: The tanagers comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has an American distribution. The Thraupidae are the second-largest family of birds and represent about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.
  Traditionally, about 240 species of tanagers have been described, but the taxonomic treatment of this family's members is currently in a state of flux. As more of these birds are studied using modern molecular techniques, some genera are expected to be relocated elsewhere. Already, species in the genera Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily. Likewise, the genera Piranga, Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the cardinal family, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.
context_section_description: Mainly dull-colored forms
  (a) Conebill and flowerpiercer group (Also contains Haplospiza, Catamenia,  Acanthidops, Diglossa, Diglossopis, Phrygilus and Sicalis traditionally in the Emberizidae) This group, despite having a rather varied bill morphology, shows marked plumage similarities. Most are largely gray, blue, or black, and numerous species have rufous underparts:
  Genus Conirostrum – typical conebills (11 species)
  Genus Xenodacnis – tit-like dacnis
  Genus Catamenia (three species)
  Genus Diglossa – typical flowerpiercers (18 species)
  Genus Haplospiza (2 species)
  Genus Acanthidops – peg-billed finch
  Genus Phrygilus – (4 species)
  Genus Geospizopsis – (2 species)
  Genus Rhopospina – mourning sierra finch
  Genus Sicalis – yellow finches (13 species)
  (b) True seedeaters: Traditionally placed in the Emberizidae, these genera share a particular foot-scute pattern which suggests they may form a monophyletic group:
  Genus Sporophila  – typical seedeaters (over 40 species)
  Genus Charitospiza – coal-crested finch
  (c) "Yellow-rumped" clade:
  Genus Heterospingus (two species)
  Genus Chrysothlypis (two species)
  Genus Hemithraupis (three species)
  (d) "Crested" clade (also contains Coryphospingus and Volatinia traditionally placed in the Emberizidae):
  Genus Ramphocelus – silver-billed tanagers (nine species)
  Genus Lanio –  shrike-tanagers (four species)
  Genus Eucometis – gray-headed tanager
  Genus Tachyphonus (5 species)
  Genus Loriotus (three species)
  Genus Trichothraupis – black-goggled tanager
  Genus Stephanophorus  – diademed tanager
  Genus Coryphospingus (two species)
  Genus Volatinia – blue-black grassquit
  (e) "Blue finch" clade, relationships within the Thraupidae are uncertain, but may be related to Poospiza clade:
  Genus Porphyrospiza - (three species)
  (f) The Poospiza clade - a diverse but close-knit group containing both warbler- and finch-like forms:
  Genus Poospiza – warbling-finches (9 species)
  Genus Cnemoscopus – gray-hooded bush tanager
  Genus Castanozoster – bay-chested warbling finch
  Genus Poospizopsis – (2 species)
  Genus Kleinothraupis – hemispinguses (5 species)
  Genus Sphenopsis – hemispinguses (4 species)
  Genus Microspingus – (8 species)
  Genus Pseudospingus – hemispinguses (two species)
  Genus Thlypopsis (7 species)
  Genus Pyrrhocoma – chestnut-headed tanager
  Genus Cypsnagra – white-rumped tanager
  Genus Nephelornis  – pardusco
  (g) Grass and pampa-finches, relationships within Thraupidae are uncertain, but together form a well-supported clade:
  Genus Emberizoides (three species)
  Genus Embernagra (two species)
  (h) A miscellaneous and likely polyphyletic group of unplaced "tanager-finches" (which may or may not include the species called tanager-finch) whose members when studied will no doubt be relocated to other clades:
  Genus Melanodera  (two species)
  Genus Rowettia – Gough Island finch
  Genus Nesospiza (three species)
  Genus Gubernatrix – yellow cardinal
  Genus Idiopsar – (4 species)
  Genus Piezorina – cinereous finch
  Genus Xenospingus – slender-billed finch
  Genus Incaspiza – Inca finches (five species)
  Genus Coryphaspiza – black-masked finch
  Genus Rhodospingus – crimson-breasted finch
  Genus Donacospiza – long-tailed reed finch (may be related to Poospiza)
  (i) Basal forms in group 1:
  Genus Conothraupis (two species)
  Genus Orchesticus – brown tanager
  Genus Creurgops (two species)
caption: Brazilian tanager, Ramphocelus bresilius
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