page_title: Carew Tidal Mill
section_title: Building
hierarchical_section_title: Carew Tidal Mill / Building
caption_attribution_description: English: Carew Tidal Mill
context_page_description: Carew Tidal Mill, also called the French Mill, is a corn mill in Pembrokeshire, Wales, powered by tidal water.
  It was built around 1801 just west of Carew Castle, and replaced a much older mill in the same location.
  The mill pond fills through open flood gates as the tide comes in.
  The gates are closed at high tide, and the pond drains through sluices under the mill as the tide falls, driving two undershot water wheels.
  It is the only intact mill of this type in Wales.
  It was abandoned in 1937, was restored in 1972, and now houses a museum.
context_section_description: The present Carew Tidal Mill has two water wheels, one with the date of 1801, so was probably built around that time.
  The floodgates in the causeway dam were opened as the tide rose and filled the mill pond, then closed to contain the water in the pool when the tide began to ebb. 
  When there was enough difference between the water levels the miller opened the sluice gates so the water would run from the pond through sluices under the mill, driving the water wheels.
  There are two 4.8 metres (16 ft) undershot water wheels with wooden bucket paddles.
  One water wheel is 1.65 metres (5 ft 5 in) wide and the other is 2.1 metres (6 ft 11 in) wide. Both have 225 millimetres (8.9 in) square shafts.
  The mill is a three-storey stone building with an attic and a slate roof.
  The building is five bays long and two bays wide.
  On the ground floor there is machinery for lifting the sluice gates and for the running stones.
  On the stone floor above there are six pairs of millstones, three driven by one water wheel and three by the other.
  The stone floor also houses the machine for cleaning the grain and the flour dresser.
  The grain hoppers are on the bin floor above the stone floor.
  The miller's house adjoined the mill, which was essential since working hours were any time in the day or night when the tide began to ebb.
  A sack hoist was used to lift grain to the attic, or garner floor.
  From there it was poured down to the winnower on the stone floor to remove chaff.
  The cleaned grain was then hoisted back up to the attic and poured into large storage bins on the bin floor.
  The grain was delivered from the bin floor through chutes to the stone floor, where it was ground to produce meal.
  The meal was then hoisted again and poured down to the flour dresser, which produced white flour and bran products.
  Grain was delivered to the mill by cart or by sailing vessels, and flour was shipped by sailing vessel.
caption: Interior
exif: {"Image Make": "NIKON CORPORATION", "Image Model": "NIKON D90", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Ver.1.00", "Image DateTime": "2013:06:17 15:43:14", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image ExifOffset": "228", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 2, 0, 0]", "Image GPSInfo": "34204", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "300", "Thumbnail YResolution": "300", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "34332", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "8977", "Thumbnail YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/30", "EXIF FNumber": "7/2", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Program Normal", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "200", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2013:06:17 15:43:14", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2013:06:17 15:43:14", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF CompressedBitsPerPixel": "4", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MaxApertureValue": "18/5", "EXIF MeteringMode": "Pattern", "EXIF LightSource": "Cloudy weather", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire", "EXIF FocalLength": "18", "EXIF SubSecTime": "00", "EXIF SubSecTimeOriginal": "00", "EXIF SubSecTimeDigitized": "00", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "4288", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2848", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "34172", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CVAPattern": "[0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1]", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "27", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Landscape", "EXIF GainControl": "None", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "0"}