page_title: Natterjack toad
section_title: Life history
hierarchical_section_title: Natterjack toad / Life history
caption_attribution_description: English: Small pool (= puddle) in a gravel pit – habitat of tadpoles from the Natterjack Toad, Epidalea (Bufo) calamita. Deutsch: Episodischer Tümpel (Regenwasserpfütze) in einer Kiesgrube – Lebensraum von Kaulquappen der Kreuzkröte, Epidalea (Bufo) calamita. Die Gefahr des vorzeitigen Austrocknens nimmt diese Lurchart "bewusst" in Kauf; dafür findet die Entwicklung in dem nur wenige Zentimeter flachen, warmen Gewässer besonders schnell statt und es gibt keine aquatilen Fressfeinde oder Nahrungskonkurrenten. Das Nahrungsangebot ist allerdings auch knapp – hauptsächlich organische Schweb- und Sinkteilchen (Detritus) und Algen, gelegentlich ein toter Artgenosse. Das Vorhandensein sehr unterschiedlich großer Kaulquappen deutet hier auf mindestens zwei zeitlich versetzte Laichvorgänge hin.
context_page_description: The natterjack toad is a toad native to sandy and heathland areas of Europe. Adults are 60–70 mm in length and are distinguished from common toads by a yellow line down the middle of the back, and parallel paratoid glands. They have relatively short legs, and this gives them a distinctive gait, contrasting with the hopping movement of many other toad species.
  Natterjacks have a very loud and distinctive mating call amplified by the single vocal sac found under the chin of the male, so their name literally means the chattering toad – the jack that natters.
context_section_description: Natterjacks live for up to 15 years and feed mainly on insects, especially beetles. At night they move around open terrain with sparse vegetation, and in loose sand their tracks can often be seen. They move considerable distances each night, enabling the species to colonize new habitats very quickly.
caption: Puddle with tadpoles
exif: {"Image Make": "PENTAX Corporation", "Image Model": "PENTAX K100D", "Image Orientation": "Horizontal (normal)", "Image XResolution": "72", "Image YResolution": "72", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "K100D       Ver 1.00", "Image DateTime": "2010:06:05 18:49:22", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Co-sited", "Image ExifOffset": "602", "Image PrintIM": "[80, 114, 105, 110, 116, 73, 77, 0, 48, 51, 48, 48, 0, 0, 0, 33, 0, 1, 0, 22, ... ]", "Thumbnail Compression": "JPEG (old-style)", "Thumbnail XResolution": "72", "Thumbnail YResolution": "72", "Thumbnail ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat": "52368", "Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength": "7152", "EXIF ExposureTime": "1/125", "EXIF FNumber": "11", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Aperture Priority", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "200", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0221", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2010:06:05 18:49:22", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2010:06:05 18:49:22", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "CenterWeightedAverage", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "24", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF ExifImageWidth": "3008", "EXIF ExifImageLength": "2000", "Interoperability InteroperabilityIndex": "R98", "Interoperability InteroperabilityVersion": "[48, 49, 48, 48]", "EXIF InteroperabilityOffset": "52242", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF FileSource": "Digital Camera", "EXIF SceneType": "Directly Photographed", "EXIF CustomRendered": "Normal", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Auto Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Auto", "EXIF FocalLengthIn35mmFilm": "36", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF Contrast": "Hard", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "2"}