page_title: Kumyks
section_title: Resistance to Peter I.
hierarchical_section_title: Kumyks / History / Expansion of the Russian state, Ottoman Empire and Persia / Resistance to Peter I.
caption_attribution_description: English: Roubaud, Peter I in Tarki, the Capital of Tarki Shamkhalate
context_page_description: Kumyks, Russian: кумыки - the Turkic people, one of the indigenous peoples of today's Dagestan, Chechnya and North Ossetia, is the largest Turkic people in the North Caucasus.
  They traditionally populate the Kumyk plateau, lands bordering the Caspian Sea, areas in North Ossetia, Chechnya and along the banks of the Terek river. They speak Kumyk language, which until 1930s had been the lingua-franca of the Northern Caucasus.
  Territories where Kumyks have traditionally lived, and where their historical state entities used to exist, are called Kumykia. All of the lands populated by Kumyks once used to be a part of an independent regional power - the Kumyk state of Tarki Shamkhalate.
context_section_description: In the XVIII century Russian Emperor Peter I organised Persian Campaign of the 1722—1723. Endirey principality was the first to oppose the Russian forces, and despite the defeat, caused losses which shocked the Emperor. Kumyks of the Utamish Soltanate feudal entity, also according to the Peter's officers, fiercely resisted at The Battle at the River Inchge. Peter I stated afterwards:
  If these people had a comprehension of the Military Science [Art], no other nation could take arms against them.
  Tarki Shamkhalate initially took a pro-Russian stance, but after a new Russian fortress had been built they confronted Russia again. However, this time Shamkhals couldn't unite the neighboring local peoples and remained alone in the struggle. Russian historian Sergey Solovyov wrote:
  In October 1725 general-majors Kropotov and Sheremetev embarked to devastate the possessions of the Shamkhal and burned down twenty settlements, including Tarki, the capital of the Shamkhal, which comprised 1,000 households; the total number of destroyed households amounts to 6,110. Shamkhal, having only 3,000 troops, couldn't resist the overwhelming number of Russians, who had in their ranks 8,000 Cossacks and Kalmyks only, not counting the regular troops, and two infantry regiments and two cavalries; Adil-Girey [Shamkhal] left Tarki and together with the Turkish ambassador had sent letters to other mountaineer possessors, asking for help, but got a refusal.
caption: Roubaud, Peter I in Tarki, the Capital of Tarki Shamkhalate
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