page_title: William I of Guelders and Jülich
section_title: Personal retinue
hierarchical_section_title: William I of Guelders and Jülich / Personal retinue
caption_attribution_description: Français&#160;: Banquet de Charles V le Sage Grandes Chroniques de France, enluminées par Jean Fouquet, Tours, vers 1455-1460 Paris, BnF, département des Manuscrits, Français 6465, fol. 444v. (Livre de Charles V) Le 6 janvier 1378, jour de la fête de l'Épiphanie, le roi Charles V le Sage donne un banquet en l'honneur de Charles IV, empereur de Bohême, et de son fils Wenceslas, roi des Romains. Le repas a lieu dans la grand salle du Palais en présence de la cour et d'une foule considérable de dignitaires. Cette œuvre fait partie du cycle de peintures exécuté par Jean Fouquet vers 1460 pour illustrer un exemplaire des Grandes Chroniques de France, probablement destiné au roi Charles VII. Elle clôt le récit de la visite que le roi de France, Charles V († 1380), reçut de son oncle maternel, l'empereur Charles IV de Bohême († nov. 1378) qui vint en France, au cours de l'hiver 1377-1378, accompagné de son fils aîné, le prince Wenceslas, comte de Luxembourg et roi des Romains.
context_page_description: William I of Guelders and Jülich KG was Duke of Guelders, as William I, from 1377 and Duke of Jülich, as William III, from 1393. William was known for his military activities, participating in the Prussian crusade five times and battling with neighbors in France and Brabant throughout his rule. His allies included Holy Roman Emperors, Charles IV and Wenceslaus, Richard II of England, and Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. During his reign the duchies of Guelders and Jülich were temporarily unified.
context_section_description: The court of Guelders at the end of the 14th century and beginning of the 15th century was quite celebrated, including numerous physicians, barbers, falconers and cooks.  Among his retinue, William kept head cooks Evarardus Bolte, Crumken, and Elbertus van Eijll (who continued as master cook for William's successor, Reginald IV).  Elbertus may have been the grandson of Evarardus Bolte, and a genealogie of Elbertus' grandson in about 1440 claimed that Elbertus married a bastard daughter of Duke William named Margaret. In 1396, during a visit to the English king, the cooks entered a cooking contest against their English counterparts led by then head cook, Crumken.
  William kept many physicians.  In 1388/89, three physicians are mentioned: Arnt van Auwel, Clais, and Peter, as well as a healer of wounds, Jan van Asperen.  Later, Peter van Orten and Giesbert van Berg were separately brought into William's household after serving as professors of Medicine at the University of Cologne.  Giesbert managed to work as a physician to Duchess Johanna and Antoine, Duke of Brabant, enemies of Guelders.  When sick in 1401 and 1402, other doctors were called: Derich Distel, Volpart, Evert vander Eze, and an English physician, Thomas.
  William had many assistants who administered his lands while he was on campaigns.  In 1388 during campaigns in Prussia, William left Henry of Steenbergen to administer Jülich and Guelders.  In 1390 while visiting the King of England, he left Johann von der Velde called Honselaerr, who had fought with Duke William against Brabant in Grave.
  His musicians included Claes Heynenzoon, called Herald Gelre, also famous for his Wapenboek Gelre, a book containing drawings of the coats of arms of many famous nobles, an artist called Middelen, and Henric the Bohemian.
caption: Example of Banquet given in Paris in 1378
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