page_title: Ethnic issues in China
section_title: Racial and Ethnic Conflicts in Imperial China
hierarchical_section_title: Ethnic issues in China / History / Racial and Ethnic Conflicts in Imperial China
caption_attribution_description: Foreigners shown as pig and goat and being slaughtered by Manchu officials. "Je Su, the Pig, is put to death", propaganda against the foreigners. Chinese woodblock print. Qing dynasty, 19th century CE. From the Church Missionary Society Archives.
context_page_description: Ethnic issues in China arise from Chinese history, nationalism, and other factors. They have driven historical movements such as the Red Turban Rebellion and the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Ethnic tensions have led to incidents in the country such as the July 2009 Ürümqi riots.
context_section_description: Racial slurs by the ruling Han Chinese in imperial China has been documented in historical texts such as Yan Shigu's commentary on the Book of Han, in which the Wusun people were called "barbarians who have green eyes and red hair" and compared to macaques.
  Some ethnic conflicts were violent. During the 350 AD Wei–Jie war, the Han Chinese leader Ran Min massacred non-Chinese Wu Hu in retaliation for abuses against the Chinese population; the Jie people were particularly affected. Rebels slaughtered Arab and Persian merchants in the Yangzhou massacre (760). According to Arab historian Abu Zayd Hasan of Siraf, the rebel Huang Chao's army killed Arab, Jewish, Christian, and Parsi merchants in the Guangzhou massacre when he captured Guang Prefecture. Arabs and Persians living in Quanzhou were massacred in the Ispah rebellion.
  Widespread violence against the Manchu people by Han Chinese rebels occurred during the Xinhai Revolution, most notably in Xi'an (where the Manchu quarter's population—20,000—was killed) and Wuhan (where 10,000 Manchus were killed). Some scholars claim that the Manchus were seen as uncivilized and lacking culture, adopting Han Chinese and Tibetan culture instead.
caption: 1861 woodblock print of Chinese officials executing Westerners
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